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href="https://quickstatements.toolforge.org/#/v1=CREATE%7C%7CLAST%7CP996%7C%22NLC416-13jh009285-62014%20%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8.pdf%22%7CS143%7CQ565%7CS813%7C%2B2024-11-07T00%3A00%3A00Z%2F11%7CS4656%7C%22https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ANLC416-13jh009285-62014_%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8.pdf%22%7C%7CLAST%7CP31%7CQ3331189%7CS143%7CQ565%7CS813%7C%2B2024-11-07T00%3A00%3A00Z%2F11%7CS4656%7C%22https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ANLC416-13jh009285-62014_%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8.pdf%22" title="Create new Wikidata item based on this file"><img alt="Create new Wikidata item based on this file" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Plus_Wikidata.svg/15px-Plus_Wikidata.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Plus_Wikidata.svg/23px-Plus_Wikidata.svg.png 1.5x, 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H. Perkin) 〔英〕啟平(F. S. Kipping)著</div></td> <td rowspan="9" style="width:200px; text-align: right;" id="fileinfotpl_creator_image"><div class="wpImageAnnotatorControl wpImageAnnotatorOff"><span class="photo有機化學" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NLC416-13jh009285-62014_%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="image of artwork listed in title parameter on this page" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/NLC416-13jh009285-62014_%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8.pdf/page1-180px-NLC416-13jh009285-62014_%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/NLC416-13jh009285-62014_%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8.pdf/page1-270px-NLC416-13jh009285-62014_%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8.pdf.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/NLC416-13jh009285-62014_%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8.pdf/page1-360px-NLC416-13jh009285-62014_%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="908" data-file-height="1260" /></a></span></div></td></tr> <tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_art_title" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Title</td> <td> <div class="fn"> 有機化學</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_book_publisher" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Publisher</td> <td> <div class="fn value"> 商務印書館[發行者]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_desc" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Description</td> <td> <div class="description"> <p> 目錄 <br /> 第一編 <br /> 第一章有機化合物之組成，精製法；分析法 <br /> 有機一詞之來源及現今之意義 <br /> 有機化合物之組成 <br /> 有機化合物之精製法 <br /> 純粹度之試驗 <br /> 元素定性分析法 <br /> 元素定量分析法 <br /> 碳氫氧之定量 <br /> 碳及氫之測定 <br /> 氮之測定 <br /> 氯溴及碘之測定 <br /> 第二章由分析結果以決定式及決定分子量 <br /> 分析有機鹽類以決定其分子量之當量 <br /> 分子量之決定法 <br /> 給呂薩克或荷夫曼法 <br /> 邁爾法 <br /> 由溶液凝點降低法決定分子量 <br /> 由溶液沸點上升法測定分子量 <br /> 第三章有機化合物之組織或結構 <br /> 第四章飽和烴類 <br /> 石蠟系或甲烷系或烷屬經 <br /> 甲烷 <br /> 乙烷 <br /> 丙烷 <br /> 丁烷 <br /> 戊烷 <br /> 同分異性 <br /> 同系物 <br /> 通式 <br /> 總說及推論 <br /> 烷屬烴及其他飽和烴之重要商品 <br /> 煤油之破解法 <br /> 第五章烷屬烴之鹵素衍生物 <br /> 一鹵素取代物 <br /> 氯甲烷，溴甲烷，碘甲烷 <br /> 氯乙烷，溴乙烷，碘乙烷 <br /> 二鹵素衍生物 <br /> 甲烷及乙烷之取代物 <br /> 三及四鹵素衍生物 <br /> 三氯甲烷 <br /> 三碘甲烷 <br /> 基 <br /> 烷基 <br /> 亞烷基 <br /> 總說及推論 <br /> 第六章不飽和烴類 <br /> 成油氣屬或烯屬烴 <br /> 乙烯及其鹵素衍生物 <br /> 丙烯 <br /> 丁烯 <br /> 戊烯類 <br /> 總說及推論 <br /> 第七章不飽和烴類 <br /> 炔屬烴 <br /> 四氧乙炔 <br /> 丙炔 <br /> 二烯屬 <br /> 二炔屬 <br /> 總說及推論 <br /> 第八章一元酵類 <br /> 甲醇 <br /> 乙醇 <br /> 乙醇之同系物 <br /> 丙醇 <br /> 異丙醇 <br /> 丁醇類 <br /> 戊醇類 <br /> 總說及推論 <br /> 第九章醚類，硫醚類，硫醇類 <br /> 二乙醚 <br /> 硫醇類及硫化物 <br /> 總說及推論 <br /> 第十章醛類及酮類 <br /> 酮類——甲醛及其聚合物 <br /> 乙醛及其聚合物 <br /> 三氯乙醛 <br /> 三氯乙二醇 <br /> 乙醛之同系物 <br /> 酮類——丙酮及其縮合物 <br /> 肟類，苯腙類，氰醇類 <br /> 總說及推論 <br /> 第十一章脂酸類 <br /> 蟻酸 <br /> 醋酸及醋 <br /> 醋酸之同系物 <br /> 丙酸 <br /> 丁酸，異丁酸，甲基丁酸 <br /> 棕櫚酸，脂蠟酸 <br /> 脂酸之衍生物——酸性氯化物 <br /> 酸酐 <br /> 乙酐 <br /> 酰胺類 <br /> 乙酰胺 <br /> 乙酸之鹵素取代物 <br /> 總說及推論 <br /> 第十二章酯類，硝基烷類 <br /> 有機酸酯類——乙酸乙酯 <br /> 酯化 <br /> 硝酸酯類——硝酸乙酯 <br /> 亞硝酸酯類——亞硝酸乙酯 <br /> 硝基烷類 <br /> 硫酸酯類 <br /> 硫酸氫乙酯 <br /> 硫酸二甲酯 <br /> 總說及推論 <br /> 第十三章由丁酮[3]酸[1]乙酯及丙二酸二乙酯以合成脂肪酸類及酮類 <br /> 丁酮[3]酸[1]乙酯 <br /> 丙二酸二乙酯 <br /> 總說及推論 <br /> 第十四章氮，磷，砷，硅及其他金屬之烷基化合物 <br /> 胺類 <br /> 第一，第二，及第三胺類 <br /> 第四銨衍生物 <br /> 胺類之製法 <br /> 胺類之檢定法 <br /> 同系物之升降 <br /> 氮基酸類及其衍生物 <br /> 磷及砷之烴基衍生物 <br /> 有機硅化物 <br /> 金屬之有機衍生物 <br /> 格里那德氏劑 <br /> 鋅及汞之烷基化合物 <br /> 總說及推論 <br /> 第十五章二元醇類，三元醇類，多元醇類 <br /> 二元醇類 <br /> 乙二醇及其衍生物 <br /> 三元醇類 <br /> 丙三醇及其衍生物 <br /> 氯醇類 <br /> 硝化甘油 <br /> 脂肪，油，肥皂，脂蠟，牛酪 <br /> 脂肪及油之組成 <br /> 肥皂 <br /> 脂蠟脂及甘油 <br /> 牛酪——人造牛酪 <br /> 油類之硬化 <br /> 與甘油有關係之不飽和化合物 <br /> 丙烯-[1]-醇[3]——碘丙烯，溴丙烯，硫丙烯 <br /> 丙烯醛 <br /> 丙烯酸 <br /> 多元醇類 <br /> 原藻醇 <br /> 甘露蜜醇 <br /> 總說及推論 <br /> 第十六章二元酸類，醇酸類，醇二酸類 <br /> 碳酸，氯化碳酰，氯甲酸乙酯，碳酸乙酯，脲 <br /> 二元酸類 <br /> 草酸 <br /> 草酸二甲酯 <br /> 乙二酰二胺 <br /> 丙二酸 <br /> 丁二酸及其衍生物 <br /> 醇酸類——乙醇酸 <br /> 丙醇[2]酸[1] <br /> 醇二酸類——蘋果酸 <br /> 酒石酸及其鹽類 <br /> 檸檬酸 <br /> 總說及推論 <br /> 第十七章立體異性 <br /> 光學的活性 <br /> 酒石酸之光學異性體 <br /> 外消旋變體之分解 <br /> 不飽和化合物之立體異構體 <br /> 總說及推論 <br /> 偏光學 <br /> 第十八章醣類 <br /> 單醣類——葡萄糖，甘露蜜糖 <br /> 分解乳糖，果糖 <br /> 苯肼對於葡萄糖及果糖之作用 <br /> 單醣類之構造 <br /> 多羥一元酸類 <br /> 醛塘系之升降 <br /> 弍醣類——蔗糖，麥芽糖，乳糖 <br /> 多醣類——澱粉，糊精，纖維素 <br /> 火藥棉，無煙火藥，人造絲 <br /> 發酵及酵素作用 <br /> 總說及推論 <br /> 第十九章氰化物及有關係之化合物 <br /> 氰 <br /> 氰化氫及其鹽基 <br /> 亞鐵氰化鉀 <br /> 鐵氰化鉀 <br /> 腈類活氰化烴基 <br /> 異腈類 <br /> 氰酸 <br /> 氰化氨 <br /> 硫氰酸 <br /> 異硫氰酸丙烯 <br /> 總說及推論 <br /> 第二編 <br /> 第二十章苯之生成，提淨及性質 <br /> 煤之乾餾 <br /> 煤焦油之分餾 <br /> 苯之分離 <br /> 苯 <br /> 第二十一章苯之構造及其衍生物之異性 <br /> 苯衍生物之同分異性 <br /> 苯衍生物之定位法 <br /> 第二十二章芳香族化合物之一般性質 <br /> 有機化合物之分類 <br /> 芳香族化合物主一般特性 <br /> 芳香族化合物之還元 <br /> 第二十三章苯及他種烴之同系物 <br /> 苯之同族體取法 <br /> 一般性質 <br /> 甲苯 <br /> 二甲苯 <br /> 聯苯，二苯甲烷，三苯甲烷 <br /> 第二十四章苯及其同系物之鹵素衍生物 <br /> 氯苯 <br /> 溴苯 <br /> 碘苯 <br /> 氯甲苯 <br /> 二氯甲苯 <br /> 三氯甲苯 <br /> 芳香族格里那德劑 <br /> 第二十五章硝基化合物 <br /> 硝基苯 <br /> 間二硝基苯 <br /> 硝基甲苯類 <br /> 第二十六章氨基化合物及側鏈烴胺類 <br /> 氨基化合物 <br /> 苯胺及其衍生物 <br /> 苯胺之鹵素取代物 <br /> 苯胺之同系物 <br /> 烴基苯胺類 <br /> 二苯胺及三苯胺 <br /> 芳香族側鏈胺類 <br /> 第二十七章重氮鹽類及有關係之化合物 <br /> 肼類及腙類 <br /> 重氮氨基化合物及偶氮化合物 <br /> 脂肪族化合物之重氮衍生物 <br /> 疊氮化物 <br /> 第二十八章磺酸類及其衍生物 <br /> 苯磺酸 <br /> 氨基苯磺酸 <br /> 第二十九章酚類 <br /> 一元酚類 <br /> 二元酚類 <br /> 三元酚類 <br /> 硫酚類及硫化物 <br /> 第三十章醇類，醛類，酮類，醌類 <br /> 芳香族醇類 <br /> 芳香族醛類 <br /> 酚醛類或羥基醛類 <br /> 芳香族酮類 <br /> 醌類 <br /> 第三十一章芳香族羧酸類 <br /> 苯甲酸 <br /> 苯甲酸之取代生成物 <br /> 二元酸類 <br /> 苯乙酸苯丙酸及其衍生物 <br /> 第三十二章酚酸類及羥基羧酸類 <br /> 水楊酸 <br /> 大茴香酸 <br /> 沒食子酸 <br /> 鞣質 <br /> 苯乙醇酸 <br /> 第三十三章萘及其衍生物 <br /> 萘 <br /> 萘之衍生物 <br /> 萘衍生物之定位法 <br /> 芳香系與脂肪繫結合之環狀化合物 <br /> 茚 <br /> 苊 <br /> 第三十四章蒽及菲 <br /> 蒽及其衍生物 <br /> 蒽醌 <br /> 茜素 <br /> 菲及其衍生物 <br /> 第三十五章吡啶，喹啉，異喹啉及其他異素環狀化物 <br /> 吡啶及其衍生物 <br /> 喹啉及異喹啉 <br /> 呋喃，噻吩，吡咯 <br /> 吡咯之還元產物 <br /> 吲哚及其衍生物 <br /> 第三十六章植物鹼類 <br /> 由吡啶衍生之植物鹼 <br /> 毒芹鹼 <br /> 煙鹼 <br /> 胡椒鹼 <br /> 顛茄鹼 <br /> 古柯鹼 <br /> 合成植物鹼類 <br /> 優卡因 <br /> 奴佛卡因 <br /> 斯托非因 <br /> 由喹啉衍生之植物鹼 <br /> 金雞納鹼 <br /> 弱金雞納鹼 <br /> 番木鱉鹼 <br /> 馬鐵子鹼 <br /> 鴉片中所含之植物鹼類——嗎啡等 <br /> 第三十七章氮基酸類及其有關係之化合物 <br /> 氨基酸類 <br /> 消旋氮基酸類之分解法 <br /> 屍毒鹼類 <br /> 多縮氨基酸 <br /> 氨基酸之分類法 <br /> 氨基羧酸類 <br /> 二氨基羧酸類 <br /> 一氨基二羧酸類 <br /> 芳香系氨基酸類 <br /> 異素環狀氨基酸類 <br /> 烴-氨基酸類及有關係之化合物 <br /> 第三十八章脲酸及其他嘌呤衍生物 <br /> 脲酸 <br /> 乙二酰脲 <br /> 丙酮二酰脲 <br /> 丙二酰脲 <br /> 脲酸之合成法 <br /> 甲基脲酸類 <br /> 嘌呤衍生物 <br /> 嘌呤，〓—氧化嘌呤，海生汀，可可鹼，咖啡鹼，腺鹼，海鳥糞鹼 <br /> 胍 <br /> 第三十九章動植物之若干重要成分 <br /> 卵磷脂，甘膽酸，牛膽酸，膽汁酸，膽石醇，麥角醇 <br /> 內分泌物——副腎鹼，甲狀腺胺，胰島素 <br /> 生活素類 <br /> 蛋白質類 <br /> 血赤素 <br /> 氧化血赤素 <br /> 乾酪素 <br /> 葉綠素 <br /> 白明膠 <br /> 第四十章染料及其應用 <br /> 三苯基甲烷之衍生物 <br /> 孔雀石綠，假玫瑰色素，玫瑰色素 <br /> 假玫瑰色素及玫瑰色素之衍生物 <br /> 甲基紫，結晶紫，苯胺藍 <br /> 三苯二甲內酯類——酚酞試藥 <br /> 兩苯駢哌咔酮衍生物 <br /> 兩苯駢哌咔酮 <br /> 熒光色素類 <br /> 曙紅 <br /> 洛丹明色素類 <br /> 蒽之衍生物 <br /> 茜素紫紅，菌素紫藍類，英丹士林藍 <br /> 吖啶衍生物 <br /> 吖叮——吖啶酮，苯檞皮色素，吖啶黃，吖啶橙 <br /> 偶氮染料 <br /> 橘紅燃料，俾斯麥褐，日葵橙，樹脂質黃，毛巾紅，等 <br /> 雙偶氮燃料——剛果紅 <br /> 雜類色素——萘酚黃，莫甫紫，苯胺黑，四甲基藍，櫻草黃，靛藍 <br /> 有機化合物之鑑定法及其注意 <br /> 各種化合物之製法表 <br /> 索引 </p></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_book_language" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Language</td> <td> Chinese</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_publication_date" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Publication date</td> <td> [1947]</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_src" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Source</td> <td> <div class="vcard"> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" dir="ltr" style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; background: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f0f0ff); color: inherit; border:1px solid #aaa;" lang="en"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <th colspan="4" style="background-color: var(--background-color-interactive, #e0e0ee); color: inherit; font-weight:bold; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #aaa);"><span class="fn" id="creator"><bdi><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:National_Library_of_China" class="extiw" title="w:en:National Library of China"><span title="library in Beijing, China">National Library of China</span></a> </bdi></span> <span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Institution:National_Library_of_China" title="Institution:National Library of China"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/23px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/30px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732353" title="wikidata:Q732353"><img alt="wikidata:Q732353" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span></th> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td rowspan="7" style="width:120px" id="fileinfotpl_creator_image"><span class="wpImageAnnotatorControl wpImageAnnotatorOff"><span class="photo" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Library_of_China_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="National Library of China" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/National_Library_of_China_logo.svg/200px-National_Library_of_China_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/National_Library_of_China_logo.svg/300px-National_Library_of_China_logo.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/National_Library_of_China_logo.svg/400px-National_Library_of_China_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="133" /></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background-color: var(--background-color-interactive, #e0e0ee); color: inherit; font-weight:bold; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #aaa);">Native name</td> <td colspan="2" style="word-break:break-word;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #aaa);">中国国家图书馆 <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732353#P1448" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background-color: var(--background-color-interactive, #e0e0ee); color: inherit; font-weight:bold; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #aaa);">Parent institution</td> <td colspan="2" style="word-break:break-word;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #aaa);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(China)" class="extiw" title="w:en:Ministry of Culture and Tourism (China)"><span title="government ministry of China">Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China</span></a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732353#P749" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background-color: var(--background-color-interactive, #e0e0ee); color: inherit; font-weight:bold; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #aaa);">Location</td> <td colspan="2" style="word-break:break-word;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #aaa);"><div class="locality"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Zizhuyuan_Subdistrict" class="extiw" title="w:en:Zizhuyuan Subdistrict"><span title="subdistrict in Haidian, Beijing, People's Republic of China">Zizhuyuan Subdistrict</span></a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732353#P131" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:China" class="extiw" title="w:en:China"><span title="country in East Asia">People's Republic of China</span></a></div></td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background-color: var(--background-color-interactive, #e0e0ee); color: inherit; font-weight:bold; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #aaa);">Coordinates</td> <td colspan="2" style="word-break:break-word;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #aaa);">39° 56′ 34.19″ N, 116° 19′ 02.71″ E <span class="wpImageAnnotatorControl wpImageAnnotatorOff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//www.openstreetmap.org/index.html?mlat=39.94283&mlon=116.31742&zoom=17" title="Link to OpenStreetMap" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Link to OpenStreetMap" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/20px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/30px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/40px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span> <span class="wpImageAnnotatorControl wpImageAnnotatorOff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=39.94283,116.31742&tab=wl" title="Link to Google Maps" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Link to Google Maps" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Google_Maps_icon_%282020%29.svg/14px-Google_Maps_icon_%282020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Google_Maps_icon_%282020%29.svg/21px-Google_Maps_icon_%282020%29.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Google_Maps_icon_%282020%29.svg/28px-Google_Maps_icon_%282020%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="734" /></a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732353#P625" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background-color: var(--background-color-interactive, #e0e0ee); color: inherit; font-weight:bold; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #aaa);">Established</td> <td colspan="2" style="word-break:break-word;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #aaa);">9 September 1909 / 1909 <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732353#P571" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background-color: var(--background-color-interactive, #e0e0ee); color: inherit; font-weight:bold; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #aaa);">Authority file</td> <td colspan="2" style="word-break:break-word;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #aaa);"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732353" title="wikidata:Q732353"><img alt="wikidata:Q732353" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732353" class="extiw" title="d:Q732353">Q732353</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="extiw" title="w:en:Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126033716" class="extiw" title="viaf:126033716">126033716</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="extiw" title="w:en:International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.oclc.org/cbs/DB=1.2//CMD?ACT=SRCH&IKT=8006&TRM=ISN%3A0000000121524522">0000000121524522</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:LCCN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2001051712">no2001051712</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:NLA_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:NLA (identifier)">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/search/display?dbid=auth&id=36591857">36591857</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:GND_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:GND (identifier)">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/10005426-2">10005426-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2001051712">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="display: none;">institution QS:P195,Q732353</div> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://read.nlc.cn/allSearch/searchDetail?searchType=24&showType=1&indexName=data_416&fid=13jh009285">民國時期文獻民國圖書</a>)</td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"><td style="" class="fileinfo-paramfield">館藏信息<div style="display: none;">InfoField</div></td><td style="">MG/O62/8</td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"><td style="" class="fileinfo-paramfield">主題<div style="display: none;">InfoField</div></td><td style="">有機化學</td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"><td style="" class="fileinfo-paramfield">中圖分類<div style="display: none;">InfoField</div></td><td style="">O62</td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"><td style="" class="fileinfo-paramfield">載體形態<div style="display: none;">InfoField</div></td><td style="">21,350頁</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Licensing">Licensing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Republican_Era_Book_in_the_National_Library_of_China&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: Licensing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellspacing="8" cellpadding="0" style="clear:both; margin:0.5em auto; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f0f0f0); border:2px solid var(--border-color-muted,#e0e0e0); color: inherit;" dir="ltr" class="layouttemplate"> <tbody><tr> <td><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="description en" style="display:inline;">This image is in the <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public_domain" class="extiw" title="w:public domain">public domain</a></b> because it is a mere mechanical scan or photocopy of a public domain original, or – from the available evidence – is so similar to such a scan or photocopy that no copyright protection can be expected to arise. The original itself is in the public domain for the following reason: <table class="licensetpl" style="display:none"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="licensetpl_short">Public domain</span><span class="licensetpl_long">Public domain</span><span class="licensetpl_link_req">false</span><span class="licensetpl_attr_req">false</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width: 100%; clear: both; margin: 0.5em auto; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f7f8ff); color: var(--color-base, #202122); border: var(--border-subtle, 2px solid #8888aa); border-spacing: 8px; padding: 0px;" dir="ltr" class="layouttemplate" lang="en" id="pd"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Public domain"><img alt="Public domain" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/64px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/96px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/128px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> </td> <td><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="description en" style="display:inline;">This image is now in the <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public_domain" class="extiw" title="w:public domain">public domain</a></b> in China because its term of copyright has expired.<br /> <p>According to copyright laws of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" class="extiw" title="w:China">People's Republic of China</a> (with legal jurisdiction in the mainland only, excluding <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong" class="extiw" title="w:Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" class="extiw" title="w:Macao">Macao</a>), amended November 11, 2020, Works of legal persons or organizations without legal personality, or service works, or audiovisual works, enter the public domain 50 years after they were first published, or if unpublished 50 years from creation. 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All other works of natural persons enter the public domain 50 years after the death of the creator.<br /> According to copyright laws of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" class="extiw" title="w:Taiwan">Republic of China</a> (currently with jurisdiction in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" class="extiw" title="w:Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghu" class="extiw" title="w:Penghu">Penghu</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinmen" class="extiw" title="w:Kinmen">Kinmen</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsu_Islands" class="extiw" title="w:Matsu Islands">Matsu</a>, etc.), all photographs and cinematographic works, and all works whose copyright holder is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_personality" class="extiw" title="w:Legal personality">juristic person</a>, enter the public domain 50 years after they were first published, or if unpublished 50 years from creation, and all other applicable works enter the public domain 50 years after the death of the creator.<br /> </p> <small><i><b>Important note:</b> Works of foreign (non-U.S.) origin must be out of copyright or freely licensed in both their home country and the United States in order to be accepted on Commons. 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For the Republic of China (ROC), the URAA took effect on January 1, 2002.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ38a.pdf">[1]</a>)</i></small></div><div class="center"><small><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="description en" style="display:inline;">To uploader: <b>Please provide where the image was first published and who created it or held its copyright.</b></div></small></div> <hr /> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dialog-warning.svg/25px-Dialog-warning.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dialog-warning.svg/38px-Dialog-warning.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dialog-warning.svg/50px-Dialog-warning.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span><small>You must also include a <a href="/wiki/Commons:Copyright_tags/Country-specific_tags#United_States_of_America" title="Commons:Copyright tags/Country-specific tags">United States public domain tag</a> to indicate why this work is in the public domain in the United States.<div class="navigation-not-searchable"> Note that this work might not be in the public domain in countries that do not apply the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rule_of_the_shorter_term" class="extiw" title="w:rule of the shorter term">rule of the shorter term</a> and have copyright terms longer than life of the author plus 50 years. In particular, Mexico is 100 years, Jamaica is 95 years, Colombia is 80 years, Guatemala and Samoa are 75 years, Switzerland and the United States are 70 years, and Venezuela is 60 years.</div></small> <hr /> <p><span style="font-size:small;line-height:1.4" class="plainlinks noprint"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-China/cs"><bdi class="language lang-cs" lang="cs">čeština</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-China/de"><bdi class="language lang-de" lang="de">Deutsch</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-China/en"><bdi class="language lang-en" lang="en">English</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-China/pt"><bdi class="language lang-pt" lang="pt">português</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-China/ro"><bdi class="language lang-ro" lang="ro">română</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-China/sl"><bdi class="language lang-sl" lang="sl">slovenščina</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-China/tl"><bdi class="language lang-tl" lang="tl">Tagalog</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-China/vi"><bdi class="language lang-vi" lang="vi">Tiếng Việt</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-China/mk"><bdi class="language lang-mk" lang="mk">македонски</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-China/ru"><bdi class="language lang-ru" lang="ru">русский</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-China/ml"><bdi class="language lang-ml" lang="ml">മലയാളം</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-China/th"><bdi class="language lang-th" lang="th">ไทย</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-China/ko"><bdi class="language lang-ko" lang="ko">한국어</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-China/ja"><bdi class="language lang-ja" lang="ja">日本語</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-China/zh-hans"><bdi class="language lang-zh-hans" lang="zh-hans">简体中文‎</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-China/zh-hant"><bdi class="language lang-zh-hant" lang="zh-hant">繁體中文</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <small class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:PD-China/lang&action=edit">+/−</a></small></span> </p> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/96px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/128px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/96px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/128px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <p><small>This tag is designed for use where there may be a need to assert that any enhancements (eg brightness, contrast, colour-matching, sharpening) are in themselves insufficiently creative to generate a new copyright. It can be used where it is unknown whether any enhancements have been made, as well as when the enhancements are clear but insufficient. For known raw unenhanced scans you can use an appropriate <a href="/wiki/Template:PD-old" title="Template:PD-old">{{PD-old}}</a> tag instead. For usage, see <a href="/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-scan_tag" title="Commons:When to use the PD-scan tag">Commons:When to use the PD-scan tag</a>.</small> </p> <hr /> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dialog-warning.svg/25px-Dialog-warning.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dialog-warning.svg/38px-Dialog-warning.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dialog-warning.svg/50px-Dialog-warning.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <small>Note: This tag applies to scans and photocopies only. For photographs of public domain originals taken from afar, <a href="/wiki/Template:PD-Art" title="Template:PD-Art">{{PD-Art}}</a> may be applicable. See <a href="/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-Art_tag" title="Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag">Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag</a>.</small></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r861166424">.mw-parser-output td.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}</style><table class="messagebox plainlinks layouttemplate en" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="margin:2px auto;width:90%;border:2px solid #f4c430;background:var(--background-color-warning-subtle,#ffe);color:var(--color-base,#222);border-inline-start-width:8px;border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image" style="padding-inline-start:.9em" dir="ltr"><div style="position: relative; width: 64px"><div id="commons-template-watermark" style="position: absolute; left: 25px; top: -16px; padding: 0"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-edit-clear.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gnome-edit-clear.svg/45px-Gnome-edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gnome-edit-clear.svg/68px-Gnome-edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gnome-edit-clear.svg/90px-Gnome-edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Watermark_Crown_CA.png/64px-Watermark_Crown_CA.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Watermark_Crown_CA.png/96px-Watermark_Crown_CA.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Watermark_Crown_CA.png/128px-Watermark_Crown_CA.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="594" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text">This image contains <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/digital_watermarking" class="extiw" title="w:digital watermarking">digital watermarking</a> or credits in the image itself</b>. 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Ensure that removed information is present in the image description page and replace this template with <a href="/wiki/Template:Metadata_from_image" title="Template:Metadata from image"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{Metadata from image}}</span></a> or <a href="/wiki/Template:Attribution_metadata_from_licensed_image" title="Template:Attribution metadata from licensed image"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{Attribution metadata from licensed image}}</span></a>. <p><b>Caution:</b> Before removing a watermark from a copyrighted image, please read <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikilegal/Removal_of_watermarks_from_Commons_images" class="extiw" title="m:Wikilegal/Removal of watermarks from Commons images">the WMF's analysis</a> of the legal ramifications of doing so, as well as Commons' <a href="/wiki/Commons:Watermarks" title="Commons:Watermarks">proposed policy</a> regarding watermarks. </p> <small>If the old version is still useful, for example if removing the watermark damages the image significantly, upload the new version under a different title so that both can be used. After uploading the non-watermarked version, replace this template with <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r588530194">.mw-parser-output .nowrap,.mw-parser-output .nowrap a:before,.mw-parser-output .nowrap .selflink:before{white-space:nowrap}</style><code class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Superseded" title="Template:Superseded">Superseded</a>|<i>new filename</i>|version without watermarks}}</code>.</small><hr /><span style="font-size:small;line-height:1.4" class="plainlinks noprint"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Watermark/id"><bdi class="language lang-id" lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Watermark/it"><bdi class="language lang-it" lang="it">italiano</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Watermark/et"><bdi class="language lang-et" lang="et">eesti</bdi></a> <b>∙</b> <a class="external 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href="/wiki/User_talk:PencakeBot" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:PencakeBot">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/PencakeBot" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/PencakeBot">contribs</a>)</span></span></td><td dir="ltr">Upload 有機化學 (1/1) by (英)拍琴(W. 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The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.</p><table id="mw_metadata" class="mw_metadata collapsed"> <tbody><tr class="exif-pdf-producer mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Conversion program</th><td>Foxit GSDK - Foxit Software Inc.</td></tr><tr class="exif-pdf-encrypted mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Encrypted</th><td>no</td></tr><tr class="exif-pdf-pagesize mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Page size</th><td><ul><li>436.32 x 605.28 pts</li> <li>448.56 x 593.52 pts</li> <li>448.32 x 593.76 pts</li> <li>442.56 x 582 pts</li> <li>442.56 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>421.44 x 589.68 pts</li> <li>421.68 x 589.68 pts</li> <li>421.68 x 582 pts</li> <li>421.44 x 582 pts</li> <li>419.76 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>421.2 x 581.76 pts</li> <li>419.52 x 578.4 pts</li> <li>419.76 x 578.16 pts</li> <li>419.76 x 589.92 pts</li> <li>419.28 x 589.44 pts</li> <li>423.6 x 578.16 pts</li> <li>423.12 x 577.92 pts</li> <li>419.52 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>419.76 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>421.68 x 578.4 pts</li> <li>421.68 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>421.68 x 578.16 pts</li> <li>421.44 x 578.4 pts</li> <li>423.36 x 582 pts</li> <li>423.6 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>423.36 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>423.6 x 582 pts</li> <li>421.44 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>421.68 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>419.52 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>421.92 x 586.56 pts</li> <li>421.68 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>423.84 x 582.72 pts</li> <li>421.44 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>425.28 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>421.68 x 582.48 pts</li> <li>421.44 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>421.92 x 586.32 pts</li> <li>423.84 x 586.56 pts</li> <li>423.36 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>423.6 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>419.76 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>419.52 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>424.08 x 590.4 pts</li> <li>423.36 x 589.92 pts</li> <li>423.6 x 589.68 pts</li> <li>423.6 x 589.92 pts</li> <li>426 x 586.56 pts</li> <li>425.76 x 586.56 pts</li> <li>425.28 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>423.6 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>425.52 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>426 x 586.32 pts</li> <li>425.52 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>423.36 x 589.68 pts</li> <li>427.2 x 589.68 pts</li> <li>425.76 x 586.32 pts</li> <li>431.04 x 589.92 pts</li> <li>427.2 x 578.16 pts</li> <li>427.44 x 578.4 pts</li> <li>438.72 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>435.12 x 578.4 pts</li> <li>435.12 x 578.16 pts</li> <li>435.12 x 582.72 pts</li> <li>434.88 x 582 pts</li> <li>438.96 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>439.2 x 586.32 pts</li> <li>435.12 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>435.6 x 586.32 pts</li> <li>437.28 x 586.32 pts</li> <li>437.04 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>437.04 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>435.12 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>434.88 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>436.8 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>434.88 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>437.52 x 586.32 pts</li> <li>436.8 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>437.04 x 582.72 pts</li> <li>437.04 x 582 pts</li> <li>435.12 x 582 pts</li> <li>434.64 x 581.76 pts</li> <li>438.96 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>438.72 x 582 pts</li> <li>434.88 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>435.12 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>436.8 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>436.56 x 581.76 pts</li> <li>437.04 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>433.44 x 582.72 pts</li> <li>432.96 x 582 pts</li> <li>438.72 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>437.04 x 578.64 pts</li> <li>436.56 x 577.92 pts</li> <li>438.72 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>439.44 x 586.56 pts</li> <li>438.48 x 581.76 pts</li> <li>438.96 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>441.12 x 586.56 pts</li> <li>440.64 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>436.8 x 582 pts</li> <li>440.64 x 582 pts</li> <li>440.88 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>440.64 x 578.4 pts</li> <li>439.2 x 590.4 pts</li> <li>438.96 x 589.68 pts</li> <li>438.72 x 578.16 pts</li> <li>442.8 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>439.2 x 582.48 pts</li> <li>440.64 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>440.88 x 582 pts</li> <li>442.56 x 578.4 pts</li> <li>440.88 x 578.4 pts</li> <li>438.96 x 574.32 pts</li> <li>438.72 x 574.56 pts</li> <li>442.8 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>442.56 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>440.64 x 578.16 pts</li> <li>440.88 x 589.68 pts</li> <li>440.64 x 589.68 pts</li> <li>442.56 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>440.88 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>440.88 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>442.56 x 574.56 pts</li> <li>442.56 x 574.32 pts</li> <li>438.96 x 593.52 pts</li> <li>438.72 x 593.52 pts</li> <li>440.64 x 601.2 pts</li> <li>440.88 x 601.44 pts</li> <li>444.72 x 589.92 pts</li> <li>444.72 x 589.68 pts</li> <li>440.88 x 601.2 pts</li> <li>444.48 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>444.48 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>444.72 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>444.72 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>444.24 x 581.76 pts</li> <li>444.72 x 574.56 pts</li> <li>444.72 x 574.32 pts</li> <li>446.4 x 574.56 pts</li> <li>446.4 x 574.32 pts</li> <li>446.4 x 570.72 pts</li> <li>448.32 x 574.32 pts</li> <li>448.56 x 574.56 pts</li> <li>444.48 x 578.4 pts</li> <li>444.48 x 578.16 pts</li> <li>446.64 x 574.56 pts</li> <li>448.56 x 574.32 pts</li> <li>446.64 x 574.32 pts</li> <li>448.08 x 574.08 pts</li> <li>444.48 x 574.32 pts</li> <li>446.64 x 578.16 pts</li> <li>446.16 x 577.92 pts</li> <li>446.16 x 574.08 pts</li> <li>444.72 x 578.4 pts</li> <li>444.72 x 578.16 pts</li> <li>448.56 x 578.4 pts</li> <li>448.56 x 578.16 pts</li> <li>446.64 x 578.4 pts</li> <li>446.4 x 578.16 pts</li> <li>446.4 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>444.48 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>444.72 x 582 pts</li> <li>446.88 x 582.72 pts</li> <li>446.64 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>448.56 x 582 pts</li> <li>448.32 x 582 pts</li> <li>444.72 x 582.48 pts</li> <li>446.4 x 582 pts</li> <li>446.64 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>446.4 x 585.84 pts</li> <li>446.4 x 586.08 pts</li> <li>446.64 x 582.72 pts</li> <li>444.48 x 574.56 pts</li> <li>442.56 x 578.16 pts</li> <li>442.8 x 578.16 pts</li> <li>442.8 x 578.4 pts</li> <li>442.32 x 574.08 pts</li> <li>440.88 x 578.16 pts</li> <li>440.64 x 582.24 pts</li> <li>438.72 x 578.4 pts</li> <li>438.96 x 582 pts</li> <li>435.84 x 616.32 pts</li></ul></td></tr><tr class="exif-pdf-version mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Version of PDF format</th><td>1.7</td></tr></tbody></table> </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript></div><div role='tabpanel' aria-hidden='true' id='ooui-php-5' class='wbmi-tab oo-ui-layout oo-ui-panelLayout oo-ui-panelLayout-scrollable oo-ui-tabPanelLayout oo-ui-element-hidden' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.TabPanelLayout","name":"statements","label":"Structured data","scrollable":true,"expanded":false,"classes":["wbmi-tab"]}'><h2 class="wbmi-structured-data-header">Structured data</h2><div id='P180' data-property='P180' data-statements='[]' data-formatvalue='[]' class='wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup-P180 oo-ui-layout oo-ui-panelLayout oo-ui-panelLayout-framed'><div class='wbmi-statements-widget'><div class='wbmi-statement-header'><div class='wbmi-entity-data'><div class='wbmi-entity-title'><h3 class='wbmi-statements-title'>Items portrayed in this file</h3><h4 class='wbmi-entity-label'><bdi><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P180" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P180">depicts</a></bdi></h4></div></div></div><div class='wbmi-content-items-group'></div></div></div><div id='P1163' data-property='P1163' data-statements='[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1163","hash":"2bfab83c01f78cf3d2dfa9780845b9108ac3da53","datavalue":{"value":"application\/pdf","type":"string"}},"type":"statement","id":"M132939347$F4F15B90-6BE1-4C68-88B9-E786D2F72F32","rank":"normal"}]' data-formatvalue='{"{\"value\":{\"entity-type\":\"property\",\"numeric-id\":1163,\"id\":\"P1163\"},\"type\":\"wikibase-entityid\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"":"<a target=\"_blank\" title=\"d:Special:EntityPage\/P1163\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/P1163\">media type<\/a>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"":"media type"}}},"{\"value\":\"application\\\/pdf\",\"type\":\"string\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"P1163":"application\/pdf"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"P1163":"application\/pdf"}}}}' class='wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup-P1163 oo-ui-layout oo-ui-panelLayout oo-ui-panelLayout-framed'><div class='wbmi-statements-widget'><div class='wbmi-statement-header'><div class='wbmi-entity-data'><div class='wbmi-entity-title'><h4 class='wbmi-entity-label'><bdi><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P1163" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P1163">media type</a></bdi></h4></div></div></div><div class='wbmi-content-items-group'><div class='wbmi-item wbmi-item-read'><div data-guid='M132939347$F4F15B90-6BE1-4C68-88B9-E786D2F72F32' class='wbmi-item-container'><div class='wbmi-entity-header'><div class='wbmi-entity-data'><div class='wbmi-entity-title'><h4 class='wbmi-entity-label'><bdi>application/pdf</bdi></h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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