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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-European_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Pre-European settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-European_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakeha_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakeha_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Pakeha settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakeha_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 19th century development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Contemporary history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suburbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suburbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Suburbs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suburbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Western_Hamilton_suburbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Hamilton_suburbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Western Hamilton suburbs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Hamilton_suburbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Hamilton_suburbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Hamilton_suburbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Eastern Hamilton suburbs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Hamilton_suburbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Towns/Suburbs_in_the_Hamilton_Urban_Area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Towns/Suburbs_in_the_Hamilton_Urban_Area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 Towns/Suburbs in the Hamilton Urban Area </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Towns/Suburbs_in_the_Hamilton_Urban_Area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culture_and_identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Culture and identity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Local government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Coat of arms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Central government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_facilities_and_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_facilities_and_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 City facilities and attractions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_facilities_and_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hospitals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospitals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Hospitals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hospitals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Air </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Cycling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Road </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ring_Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ring_Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3.1 Ring Road </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ring_Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cobham_Drive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cobham_Drive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3.1.1 Cobham Drive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cobham_Drive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greenwood_Street_and_Kahikatea_Drive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greenwood_Street_and_Kahikatea_Drive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3.1.2 Greenwood Street and Kahikatea Drive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greenwood_Street_and_Kahikatea_Drive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Avalon_Drive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avalon_Drive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3.1.3 Avalon Drive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avalon_Drive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wairere_Drive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wairere_Drive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3.1.4 Wairere Drive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wairere_Drive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_Links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_Links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3.1.5 Southern Links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_Links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bridges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bridges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3.2 Bridges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bridges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3.3 Buses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Rail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4.1 Stations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4.2 Freight </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preserved_stock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preserved_stock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4.3 Preserved stock </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preserved_stock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_railway_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_railway_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4.4 The railway settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_railway_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Utilities </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Utilities subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Telephone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telephone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Telephone </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telephone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Gas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.3 Water </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reservoirs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reservoirs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.3.1 Reservoirs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reservoirs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sewage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sewage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.4 Sewage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sewage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electricity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electricity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.5 Electricity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electricity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Hamilton, New Zealand</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" > 70 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Nieu-Seeland" title="Hamilton, Nieu-Seeland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hamilton, Nieu-Seeland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hameld%C5%ABn_(N%C4%ABwe_S%C7%A3land)" title="Hameldūn (Nīwe Sǣland) – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hameldūn (Nīwe Sǣland)" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_(%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7)" title="هاميلتون (نيوزيلندا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هاميلتون (نيوزيلندا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8,_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="হ্যামিল্টন, নিউজিল্যান্ড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হ্যামিল্টন, নিউজিল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F)" title="Гамільтан (Новая Зеландыя) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гамільтан (Новая Зеландыя)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="हैमिल्टन, न्यूज़ीलैण्ड – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हैमिल्टन, न्यूज़ीलैण्ड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Хамилтън (Нова Зеландия) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хамилтън (Нова Зеландия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_(Nova_Zelanda)" title="Hamilton (Nova Zelanda) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hamilton (Nova Zelanda)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_(kapital_sa_rehiyon)" title="Hamilton (kapital sa rehiyon) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hamilton (kapital sa rehiyon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_(Nov%C3%BD_Z%C3%A9land)" title="Hamilton (Nový Zéland) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hamilton (Nový Zéland)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86" title="هاميلطون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="هاميلطون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_(Neuseeland)" title="Hamilton (Neuseeland) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hamilton (Neuseeland)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_(%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B1_%CE%96%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Χάμιλτον (Νέα Ζηλανδία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χάμιλτον (Νέα Ζηλανδία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_(Nueva_Zelanda)" title="Hamilton (Nueva Zelanda) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hamilton (Nueva Zelanda)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton" title="Hamilton – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hamilton" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_(Zeelanda_Berria)" title="Hamilton (Zeelanda Berria) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hamilton (Zeelanda Berria)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_(%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="هامیلتون (نیوزیلند) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هامیلتون (نیوزیلند)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_(Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande)" title="Hamilton (Nouvelle-Zélande) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hamilton (Nouvelle-Zélande)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton" title="Hamilton – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hamilton" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Sealainn_Nuadh" title="Hamilton, Sealainn Nuadh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Hamilton, Sealainn Nuadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Nova_Zelandia" title="Hamilton, Nova Zelandia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hamilton, Nova Zelandia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%B0%80%ED%84%B4_(%EB%89%B4%EC%A7%88%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C)" title="해밀턴 (뉴질랜드) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="해밀턴 (뉴질랜드)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6_(%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80_%D4%B6%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Համիլտոն (Նոր Զելանդիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համիլտոն (Նոր Զելանդիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="हैमिल्टन, न्यूज़ीलैण्ड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हैमिल्टन, न्यूज़ीलैण्ड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Novi_Zeland" title="Hamilton, Novi Zeland – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hamilton, Novi Zeland" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Nova-Zelando" title="Hamilton, Nova-Zelando – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hamilton, Nova-Zelando" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Selandia_Baru" title="Hamilton, Selandia Baru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hamilton, Selandia Baru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_(Nov-Zeland)" title="Hamilton (Nov-Zeland) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Hamilton (Nov-Zeland)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_(Nuova_Zelanda)" title="Hamilton (Nuova Zelanda) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hamilton (Nuova Zelanda)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F_(%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93)" title="המילטון (ניו זילנד) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המילטון (ניו זילנד)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ჰამილტონი (ახალი ზელანდია) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰამილტონი (ახალი ზელანდია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hamilton, New Zealand" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltona_(Jaunz%C4%93lande)" title="Hamiltona (Jaunzēlande) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hamiltona (Jaunzēlande)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonas_(Naujoji_Zelandija)" title="Hamiltonas (Naujoji Zelandija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hamiltonas (Naujoji Zelandija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BA" title="ഹാമിൽടൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാമിൽടൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirikiriroa" title="Kirikiriroa – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kirikiriroa" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1)" title="हॅमिल्टन (न्यू झीलंड) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हॅमिल्टन (न्यू झीलंड)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_(%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7)" title="هاميلتون (نيوزيلاندا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هاميلتون (نيوزيلاندا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hamilton, New Zealand" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_(Nieuw-Zeeland)" title="Hamilton (Nieuw-Zeeland) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hamilton (Nieuw-Zeeland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3_(%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89)" title="ハミルトン (ニュージーランド) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハミルトン (ニュージーランド)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_(New_Zealand)" title="Hamilton (New Zealand) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hamilton (New Zealand)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_p%C3%A5_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton på New Zealand – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hamilton på New Zealand" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8,_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਹੈਮਿਲਟਨ, ਨਿਊਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੈਮਿਲਟਨ, ਨਿਊਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%84%D9%B9%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="ہیملٹن، نیوزی لینڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہیملٹن، نیوزی لینڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltan,_Niu_Silan" title="Hamiltan, Niu Silan – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Hamiltan, Niu Silan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_(Nowa_Zelandia)" title="Hamilton (Nowa Zelandia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hamilton (Nowa Zelandia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_(Nova_Zel%C3%A2ndia)" title="Hamilton (Nova Zelândia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hamilton (Nova Zelândia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Гамильтон (Новая Зеландия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гамильтон (Новая Зеландия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1,_%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0" title="ᱦᱟᱢᱤᱞᱴᱚᱱ, ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱟᱢᱤᱞᱴᱚᱱ, ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hamilton, New Zealand" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hamilton, New Zealand" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_(Nov%C3%BD_Z%C3%A9land)" title="Hamilton (Nový Zéland) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hamilton (Nový Zéland)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4)" title="Хамилтон (Нови Зеланд) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хамилтон (Нови Зеланд)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Novi_Zeland" title="Hamilton, Novi Zeland – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hamilton, Novi Zeland" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_(Uusi-Seelanti)" title="Hamilton (Uusi-Seelanti) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hamilton (Uusi-Seelanti)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Nya_Zeeland" title="Hamilton, Nya Zeeland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hamilton, Nya Zeeland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D,_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="ஆமில்டன், நியூசிலாந்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆமில்டன், நியூசிலாந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%AF%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Һәмилтон (Яңа Зеландия) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һәмилтон (Яңа Зеландия)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C)" title="ฮามิลตัน (ประเทศนิวซีแลนด์) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮามิลตัน (ประเทศนิวซีแลนด์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilitoni,_Nu%CA%BBu_Sila" title="Hamilitoni, Nuʻu Sila – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Hamilitoni, Nuʻu Sila" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Yeni_Zelanda" title="Hamilton, Yeni Zelanda – Turkish" lang="tr" 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class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hamilton, New Zealand" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_(Nula-Sele%C3%A4ns)" title="Hamilton (Nula-Seleäns) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Hamilton (Nula-Seleäns)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hamilton, New Zealand" data-language-autonym="Winaray" 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.geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&params=37_47_S_175_17_E_region:NZ_type:city(192000)">37°47′S 175°17′E / 37.783°S 175.283°E / -37.783; 175.283</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in North Island, New Zealand</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Hamilton</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Kirikiriroa (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Cities_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities in New Zealand">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamilton_montage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hamilton from Till's Lookout, from Whitiora to Fairfield Bridge, traffic on SH1, Māori Garden, Hamilton Station, city offices and WINTEC"><img alt="Hamilton from Till's Lookout, from Whitiora to Fairfield Bridge, traffic on SH1, Māori Garden, Hamilton Station, city offices and WINTEC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hamilton_montage.jpg/250px-Hamilton_montage.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hamilton_montage.jpg/375px-Hamilton_montage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hamilton_montage.jpg/500px-Hamilton_montage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2242" data-file-height="1800" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Hamilton from Till's Lookout, from Whitiora to Fairfield Bridge, traffic on SH1, Māori Garden, Hamilton Station, city offices and WINTEC</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamilton_coat_of_arms.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Hamilton"><img alt="Coat of arms of Hamilton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Hamilton_coat_of_arms.png/100px-Hamilton_coat_of_arms.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Hamilton_coat_of_arms.png/150px-Hamilton_coat_of_arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Hamilton_coat_of_arms.png/200px-Hamilton_coat_of_arms.png 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="250" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Hamiltron, the Tron,<a href="#cite_note-NZHerald10372245-1">[1]</a> H-Town.<a href="#cite_note-NZHerald10372245-1">[1]</a> Previously: the Fountain City.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamilton_in_the_North_Island.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the Hamilton Territorial Authority"><img alt="Location of the Hamilton Territorial Authority" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hamilton_in_the_North_Island.svg/180px-Hamilton_in_the_North_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hamilton_in_the_North_Island.svg/270px-Hamilton_in_the_North_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hamilton_in_the_North_Island.svg/360px-Hamilton_in_the_North_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="980" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of the Hamilton Territorial Authority</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_(location_map).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hamilton is located in New Zealand"><img alt="Hamilton is located in New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg/250px-New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg/375px-New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg/500px-New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="1976" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.935%;left:71.083%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Hamilton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/9px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/12px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Hamilton</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Hamilton, New Zealand</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&params=37_47_S_175_17_E_region:NZ_type:city(192000)">37°47′S 175°17′E / 37.783°S 175.283°E / -37.783; 175.283</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of New Zealand">Island</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>West</li><li>East</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paula_Southgate" title="Paula Southgate">Paula Southgate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Deputy Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Angela O'Leary</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_City_Council_(New_Zealand)" title="Hamilton City Council (New Zealand)">Hamilton City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Territorial</div></th><td class="infobox-data">110.8 km2 (42.8 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">110.37 km2 (42.61 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">40 m (131 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (June 2024)<a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Territorial</div></th><td class="infobox-data">192,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,700/km2 (4,500/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">192,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,700/km2 (4,500/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Hamiltonian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B12" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+12">UTC+12</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_New_Zealand" title="Time in New Zealand">NZST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B13" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+13">UTC+13</a> (NZDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postcode(s)</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">3200, 3204, 3206, 3210, 3214, 3216</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">07</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tainui" title="Tainui">Tainui</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hamilton.govt.nz/Pages/default.aspx">www.hamilton.govt.nz/Pages/default.aspx</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200028#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Hamilton (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>: Kirikiriroa, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">[ˈkiɾikiɾiɾoa]</a>) is an inland city in the <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. Located on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Waikato_River" title="Waikato River">Waikato River</a>, it is the seat and most populous city of the <a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato region</a>. With a territorial population of 192,000,<a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-4">[4]</a> it is the country's <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">fourth most-populous city</a>. Encompassing a land area of about 110 km2 (42 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Hamilton is part of the wider <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Urban_Area" title="Hamilton Urban Area">Hamilton Urban Area</a>, which also encompasses the nearby towns of <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ruaw%C4%81hia" title="Ngāruawāhia">Ngāruawāhia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Te_Awamutu" title="Te Awamutu">Te Awamutu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_New_Zealand" title="Cambridge, New Zealand">Cambridge</a>. In 2020, Hamilton was awarded the title of most beautiful large city in New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Hamilton is now considered the fastest growing city in the country.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The area now covered by the city began as the site of several <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori villages</a>, including Kirikiriroa, from which the city takes its Māori name. By the time English settlers arrived, most of these villages, which sat beside the Waikato River, were abandoned as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Waikato">Invasion of Waikato</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_land_confiscations" title="New Zealand land confiscations">land confiscation</a> (Raupatu) by the Crown. The settlers developed the city as an agricultural service centre, but it now has a diverse economy. <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Gardens" title="Hamilton Gardens">Hamilton Gardens</a> is the region's most popular tourist attraction. Education and <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> play an important part in Hamilton's economy, as the city is home to approximately 40,000 tertiary students and 1,000 PhD-qualified scientists.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Coatrack plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may relate to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COATRACK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COATRACK">a different subject</a> or has <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:UNDUE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:UNDUE">undue weight</a> on an aspect of the subject. Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_forking#Article_spinoffs:_.22Summary_style.22_meta-articles_and_summary_sections" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Content forking">relocate relevant information</a> and remove irrelevant content. (November 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The settlement was named by Colonel William Moule after Captain <a href="/wiki/John_Fane_Charles_Hamilton" title="John Fane Charles Hamilton">John Fane Charles Hamilton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> the commander of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Esk_(1854)" title="HMS Esk (1854)">HMS Esk</a>, who was killed in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gate_P%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Gate Pā">battle of Gate Pā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> On 10 March 2013 a <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Fane_Charles_Hamilton" title="Statue of John Fane Charles Hamilton">statue of Captain Hamilton</a> was given to the city by the <a href="/wiki/Gallagher_Group_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallagher Group (New Zealand)">Gallagher Group</a>;<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> a gesture that has since been viewed as controversial by some.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> On 12 June 2020, the Hamilton City Council removed the statue at the request of local <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> iwi <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Tainui" title="Waikato Tainui">Waikato Tainui</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The statue's removal has been linked to calls for the removal of statues of figures associated with colonialism and racism in New Zealand and the world, which were precipitated by the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">protests</a> related to the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a>. A local Māori elder Taitimu Maipi, who had vandalised the statue in 2018, has also called for the city to be renamed Kirikiriroa, its original Māori name.<a href="#cite_note-NZH_Hamilton_statue-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-European_settlement">Pre-European settlement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-European settlement">edit</a>]</div> The area now covered by the city was originally the site of several Māori villages (kāinga), including Te Parapara,<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Pukete, Miropiko and Kirikiriroa ("long stretch of gravel'), from which the city takes its Māori name. Local Māori were the target of raids by <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81puhi" title="Ngāpuhi">Ngāpuhi</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Musket_Wars" title="Musket Wars">Musket Wars</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Crosby-16">[16]</a> and several <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81_(M%C4%81ori)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pā (Māori)">pā</a> sites from this period can still be found beside the Waikato River. In December 2011 several rua or food storage pits were found near the Waikato River bank, close to the Waikato museum. In 1822, Kirikiriroa Pa was briefly abandoned to escape the Musket Wars. However, by the 1830s <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wairere" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngāti Wairere">Ngati Wairere</a>’s principal pa was Kirikiriroa,<a href="#cite_note-:1-17">[17]</a> where the missionaries, who arrived at that time,<a href="#cite_note-Wises-18">[18]</a> estimated 200 people lived permanently.<a href="#cite_note-:1-17">[17]</a> A chapel and house were built at Kirikiriroa for visiting clergy,<a href="#cite_note-:2-19">[19]</a> presumably after <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Church_Missionary_Society#Early_CMS_personnel_in_New_Zealand" title="New Zealand Church Missionary Society">Benjamin Ashwell</a> established his mission near Taupiri. Between 1845 and 1855, crops such as wheat, fruit and potatoes were exported to Auckland, with up to 50 canoes serving Kirikiriroa. Imports included blankets, clothing, axes, sugar, rum, and tobacco.<a href="#cite_note-:2-19">[19]</a> Millstones were acquired and a water wheel constructed, though possibly the flour mill wasn't completed.<a href="#cite_note-:1-17">[17]</a> However, one article said Kirikiriroa flour was well known.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Magistrate Gorst, estimated that Kirikiriroa had a population of about 78 before the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Waikato">Invasion of Waikato</a> via the Waikato Wars of 1863–64. The government estimated the Waikato area had a Māori population of 3,400 at the same time. After the war in the Waikato, large areas of land (1.2 Million Acres), including the area of the present city of Hamilton were confiscated by the Crown under the New Zealand Settlements Act 1863.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Over the next year, most of these villages were abandoned as a result of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_land_confiscations" title="New Zealand land confiscations">land confiscation</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_land_confiscations" title="New Zealand land confiscations">Raupatu</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakeha_settlement">Pakeha settlement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pakeha settlement">edit</a>]</div> After the Invasion of the Waikato and confiscation of the invaded land, <a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism" title="Settler colonialism">militia-settlers</a> were recruited in Melbourne and Sydney.<a href="#cite_note-:8-22">[22]</a> On 10 August 1864 the government advertised for tenders to build 10 huts and a hospital at Kirikiriroa.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Hamilton was settled by the 4th Waikato Regiment Militia, led by Captain William Steele.<a href="#cite_note-:8-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The 1st Regiment was at <a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a>, the 2nd at <a href="/wiki/Pirongia" title="Pirongia">Pirongia</a>, the 3rd at Cambridge and the 4th at Kirikiriroa.<a href="#cite_note-Wises-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gibbons_1977-25">[25]</a> The first military settlers arrived on the <a href="/wiki/Rangiriri_(paddle_steamer)" title="Rangiriri (paddle steamer)">Rangiriri</a> on 24 August 1864.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Members of <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wairere" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngāti Wairere">Ngāti Wairere</a> assembled on the banks of the river as the Rangiriri arrived and threw peaches at her.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> One of the passengers, Teresa Vowless, passed her baby to another passenger and leapt overboard in order to be the first settler ashore.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker2024-29">[29]</a> Many of the soldier/settlers who intended to farm after the 1863 war, walked off their land in 1868 due to its poor quality. Much of the land was swampy or under water. In 1868 Hamilton's population, which was about 1,000 in 1864, dropped to 300 as farmers left.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> On 22 December 1875 the first brickworks opened in Hamilton.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century_development">19th century development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 19th century development">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VictoriaBridge1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/VictoriaBridge1910.jpg/220px-VictoriaBridge1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/VictoriaBridge1910.jpg/330px-VictoriaBridge1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/VictoriaBridge1910.jpg/440px-VictoriaBridge1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1276" data-file-height="835" /></a><figcaption>Victoria Bridge in 1910</figcaption></figure> The road from Auckland reached Hamilton in 1867 and the railway in December 1877. That same month, the towns of <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Central" title="Hamilton Central">Hamilton West</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_East,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton East, New Zealand">Hamilton East</a> merged under a single <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">borough</a> council.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The first traffic bridge between Hamilton West and Hamilton East, known as the Union Bridge, opened in 1879. It was replaced by the Victoria Bridge in 1910. The first railway bridge, the <a href="/wiki/Claudelands_Bridge" title="Claudelands Bridge">Claudelands Bridge</a>, was opened in 1884. It was converted to a road traffic bridge in 1965.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Hamilton reached 1,000 people in 1900, and the town of <a href="/wiki/Frankton,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankton, Waikato">Frankton</a> merged with the Hamilton Borough in 1917.<a href="#cite_note-Gibbons_1977-25">[25]</a> Between 1912 and 1936, Hamilton expanded with new land in <a href="/wiki/Claudelands" title="Claudelands">Claudelands</a> (1912), Maeroa (1925), and Richmond – modern day <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Hospital" title="Waikato Hospital">Waikato Hospital</a> and northern Melville (1936).<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Hamilton was proclaimed a city in 1945.<a href="#cite_note-Wises-18">[18]</a> In the latter 19th century, the areas of <a href="/wiki/Te_Rapa" title="Te Rapa">Te Rapa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pukete" title="Pukete">Pukete</a> were important sites for the <a href="/wiki/Kauri_gum" title="Kauri gum">kauri gum</a> trade of the late 19th/early 20th centuries, being some of the southern-most locations where gum could be found.<a href="#cite_note-HaywardGum-35">[35]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HoodStHamilton1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/HoodStHamilton1962.jpg/220px-HoodStHamilton1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/HoodStHamilton1962.jpg/330px-HoodStHamilton1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/HoodStHamilton1962.jpg/440px-HoodStHamilton1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="627" /></a><figcaption>Hood Street in 1962</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Beale_Cottage" title="Beale Cottage">Beale Cottage</a> is an 1872 listed building in Hamilton East. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_history">Contemporary history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Contemporary history">edit</a>]</div> From 1985 MV Waipa Delta<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> provided excursions along the river through the town centre. In 2009 Waipa Delta<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> was moved to provide trips on <a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Harbour" title="Waitematā Harbour">Waitematā Harbour</a> in Auckland,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> but replaced by a smaller boat. That too ceased operation and the pontoon at <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_East,_New_Zealand#Parana_Park" title="Hamilton East, New Zealand">Parana Park</a> was removed in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> The Delta moved to Taupō in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The former <a href="/wiki/Golden_Bay_/_Mohua" title="Golden Bay / Mohua">Golden Bay</a> vessel,<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Cynthia Dew, ran 4 days a week<a href="#cite_note-:0-42">[42]</a> on the river from 2012,<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> but was in liquidation in December 2022.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HoodStHamilton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/HoodStHamilton.jpg/220px-HoodStHamilton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/HoodStHamilton.jpg/330px-HoodStHamilton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/HoodStHamilton.jpg/440px-HoodStHamilton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Hood Street in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Central" title="Hamilton Central">Hamilton Central</a>, with two heritage buildings: <a href="#Bank_of_New_Zealand_Building">former Bank of New Zealand</a> (left) and the former Post Office (right)</figcaption></figure> As of 2016, the city continues to grow rapidly. Development is focused on the northern end of the city although in 2012 the council made a decision to balance the city's growth by approving an urban development to the south. Traffic congestion is increasing due to population growth, though the council has undertaken many road development projects to try to keep up with the rapid growth.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_1_(New_Zealand)" title="State Highway 1 (New Zealand)">State Highway 1</a> runs through the western and southern suburbs and has a major junction with <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_3_(New_Zealand)" title="State Highway 3 (New Zealand)">State Highway 3</a> south of the city centre, which contributes to congestion. The Hamilton City Council is building a 2/4-lane arterial road, Wairere Drive, through the northern and eastern suburbs to form a 25 km suburban <a href="/wiki/Ring_road" title="Ring road">ring road</a> with State Highway 1, which is due for completion in early 2015,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> while the New Zealand Transport Agency plans to complete the Hamilton section of the <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Expressway" title="Waikato Expressway">Waikato Expressway</a> by 2019, easing congestion taking State Highway 1 out of the city and bypassing it to the east.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The rapid growth of Hamilton has brought with it the side effects of <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a> especially to the north east of the city in the <a href="/wiki/Rototuna" title="Rototuna">Rototuna</a> area. Further development is planned in the Rototuna and <a href="/wiki/Peacocke,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Peacocke, Waikato">Peacocke</a> suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> There has been significant development of <a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle block">lifestyle blocks</a> adjacent to the Hamilton Urban Area, in particular <a href="/wiki/Tamahere" title="Tamahere">Tamahere</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Matangi,_New_Zealand" title="Matangi, New Zealand">Matangi</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Hamilton, New Zealand">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hamilton%2C+New+Zealand%22">"Hamilton, New Zealand"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hamilton%2C+New+Zealand%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hamilton%2C+New+Zealand%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hamilton%2C+New+Zealand%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hamilton%2C+New+Zealand%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hamilton%2C+New+Zealand%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (October 2018) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waikato_River_in_Hamilton_Central_from_Parana_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/Waikato_River_in_Hamilton_Central_from_Parana_Park.jpg/220px-Waikato_River_in_Hamilton_Central_from_Parana_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/Waikato_River_in_Hamilton_Central_from_Parana_Park.jpg/330px-Waikato_River_in_Hamilton_Central_from_Parana_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/Waikato_River_in_Hamilton_Central_from_Parana_Park.jpg/440px-Waikato_River_in_Hamilton_Central_from_Parana_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4199" data-file-height="3263" /></a><figcaption>Waikato River in Hamilton Central from Parana Park</figcaption></figure> Hamilton's geography is largely the result of successive volcanic ash falls, plus debris, which swept down the Waikato River in at least two massive floods, created by ash blocking the outlet of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Taup%C5%8D" title="Lake Taupō">Lake Taupō</a>. In its present form the landscape originated around 20,000 years ago (20 <a href="/wiki/Kya_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kya (unit)">kya</a>), after the <a href="/wiki/Oruanui_eruption" title="Oruanui eruption">Oruanui eruption</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Taup%C5%8D_Volcano" title="Taupō Volcano">Taupō Volcano</a>. The dates given for the eruption vary. A 2007 study said it was between 22.5 and 14 kya.<a href="#cite_note-:82-49">[49]</a> Another in 2004 put it 26.5 kya. After the eruption <a href="/wiki/Lake_Taup%C5%8D" title="Lake Taupō">Lake Taupō</a> rose to about 145 m (476 ft) above the present lake. Around 20 kya. the ash dam eroded and the lake rapidly fell some 75 m (246 ft), creating massive floods. The ash they carried formed the main Hinuera Surface into an <a href="/wiki/Alluvial_fan" title="Alluvial fan">alluvial fan</a> of volcanic ash, which extends north of Hamilton and drops about 60 m (200 ft) from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Karapiro" title="Lake Karapiro">Karapiro</a>. The Waikato changed its course from flowing into the sea at <a href="/wiki/Thames,_New_Zealand" title="Thames, New Zealand">Thames</a> at about that time, possibly just because sediment built up. The <a href="/wiki/Lake#Peat_lakes" title="Lake">peat lakes</a> and bogs also formed about that time; <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">carbon dating</a> gives maximum ages of 22.5 to 17 kya. Due to an <a href="/wiki/Late_Cenozoic_Ice_Age" title="Late Cenozoic Ice Age">ice age</a>, vegetation was slow to restabilise the ash, so <a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">dunes</a> formed up to 25 m (82 ft) above the local Hinuera surface. The current Waikato valley had cut into the debris by about 12 kya. and was further modified by the 181 CE <a href="/wiki/Hatepe_eruption" title="Hatepe eruption">Hatepe eruption</a>, when again Lake Taupō level fell 34 m (112 ft), generating a 20 km3 (4.8 cu mi) flood, equivalent to 5 years' normal flow in just a few weeks.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> About 800 years ago, <a href="/wiki/Aggradation" title="Aggradation">aggradation</a> began raising the river bed by about 8 m (26 ft).<a href="#cite_note-:82-49">[49]</a> With the exceptions of the many low hills such as those around the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waikato" title="University of Waikato">University of Waikato</a>, Hamilton Lake, Beerescourt, Sylvester Road, Pukete, and to the west of the city, and an extensive network of gullies, the terrain of the city is relatively flat. In some areas such as Te Rapa, one old path of an ancient river can be traced. The relatively soft and unconsolidated soil material is still being actively eroded by rain and runoff.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HamiltonCBDfromRototuna.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/HamiltonCBDfromRototuna.JPG/220px-HamiltonCBDfromRototuna.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/HamiltonCBDfromRototuna.JPG/330px-HamiltonCBDfromRototuna.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/HamiltonCBDfromRototuna.JPG/440px-HamiltonCBDfromRototuna.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Central" title="Hamilton Central">Hamilton Central</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Heights" title="Somerset Heights">Somerset Heights</a>.</figcaption></figure></div></div> In its natural state, Hamilton and environs was very swampy in winter with 30 small lakes connected to surrounding peatlands. Hamilton was surrounded by 7 large peat bogs such as Komakorau to the North and Rukuhia and <a href="/wiki/Moanatuatua_Scientific_Reserve" title="Moanatuatua Scientific Reserve">Moanatuatua</a> to the South, as well as many smaller ones all of which have now been drained with only small remnants remaining.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The total area of peat bog was about 655 km2.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Early photos of Hamilton East show carts buried up to their axles in thick mud. Up until the 1880s it was possible to row and drag a dinghy from the city to many outlying farms to the North East. This swampy, damp environment was at the time thought to be an ideal breeding ground for the TB bacillus, which was a major health hazard in the pioneering days. The first Hamilton hospital was constructed on a hill to avoid this problem. One of the reasons why population growth was so slow in Hamilton until the 1920s was the great difficulty in bridging the many arms of the deep swampy gullies that cross the city. Hamilton has 6 major dendritic gully complexes with the 15 km long, 12 branch, Kirikiriroa system being in the north of the city and the southern Mystery creek-Kaipaki gully complex being the largest.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Others are Mangakotukutuku, Mangaonua and Waitawhiriwhiri.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In the 1930s, Garden Place Hill, one of the many small hills sometimes referred to as the Hamilton Hills, was removed by unemployed workers working with picks and shovels and model T Ford trucks. The Western remains of the hill are retained by a large concrete wall. The original hill ran from the present <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Institute_of_Technology" title="Waikato Institute of Technology">Wintec</a> site eastwards to the old post office (now casino). The earth was taken 4 km north to partly fill the Maeroa gully adjacent to the Central Baptist Church on Ulster Street, the main road heading north.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lake_Rotoroa_(Hamilton,_New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Rotoroa (Hamilton, New Zealand)">Lake Rotoroa</a> (Hamilton Lake) began forming about 20,000 years ago (20 kya). Originally it was part of an ancient river system that was cut off by deposition material and became two small lakes divided by a narrow peninsula. With higher rainfall and drainage from the extensive peat land to the west, the water level rose so the narrow peninsula was drowned so forming one larger lake. To the north the lake is 8 m deep and in the southern (hospital) end 6 m deep. The old dividing peninsula, the start of which is still visible above water on the eastern side, is only 2 m below the surface. Lake Rotoroa offers a diverse range of recreational activities, including <a href="/wiki/Walking_trails" class="mw-redirect" title="Walking trails">walking trails</a>, picnic areas, and <a href="/wiki/Water_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Water sports">water sports</a>, making it a popular destination for both locals and tourists. The well-maintained paths around the lake are ideal for jogging, walking, and cycling. These trails offer stunning views of the lake and surrounding landscapes, providing a tranquil setting for exercise enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suburbs">Suburbs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Suburbs">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Western_Hamilton_suburbs">Western Hamilton suburbs</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Western Hamilton suburbs">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Beerescourt" title="Beerescourt">Beerescourt</a>; Bader; <a href="/wiki/Crawshaw,_New_Zealand" title="Crawshaw, New Zealand">Crawshaw</a>; <a href="/wiki/Deanwell" title="Deanwell">Deanwell</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dinsdale,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinsdale, Waikato">Dinsdale</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fitzroy,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitzroy, Waikato">Fitzroy</a>; <a href="/wiki/Forest_Lake,_New_Zealand" title="Forest Lake, New Zealand">Forest Lake</a>; <a href="/wiki/Frankton,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankton, Waikato">Frankton</a>; <a href="/wiki/Glenview,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenview, Waikato">Glenview</a>; <a href="/wiki/Grandview_Heights,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandview Heights, Waikato">Grandview Heights</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Central" title="Hamilton Central">Hamilton Central</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_North,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton North, New Zealand">Hamilton North</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_West,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton West, Waikato">Hamilton West</a>; <a href="/wiki/Livingstone,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Livingstone, Waikato">Livingstone</a>; <a href="/wiki/Maeroa" title="Maeroa">Maeroa</a>; <a href="/wiki/Melville,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Melville, Waikato">Melville</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nawton,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawton, Waikato">Nawton</a>; <a href="/wiki/Peacocke,_New_Zealand" title="Peacocke, New Zealand">Peacocke</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pukete" title="Pukete">Pukete</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rotokauri" title="Rotokauri">Rotokauri</a>; <a href="/wiki/St_Andrews,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="St Andrews, Waikato">St Andrews</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stonebridge,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Stonebridge, Waikato">Stonebridge</a>; <a href="/wiki/Te_Rapa" title="Te Rapa">Te Rapa</a>; <a href="/wiki/Temple_View" title="Temple View">Temple View</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thornton,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Thornton, Waikato">Thornton</a>; <a href="/wiki/Western_Heights,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Heights, Waikato">Western Heights</a>; <a href="/wiki/Whitiora" title="Whitiora">Whitiora</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eastern_Hamilton_suburbs">Eastern Hamilton suburbs</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Eastern Hamilton suburbs">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Ashmore,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashmore, Waikato">Ashmore</a>; <a href="/wiki/Callum_Brae" title="Callum Brae">Callum Brae</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chartwell,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Chartwell, Waikato">Chartwell</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chedworth_Park" title="Chedworth Park">Chedworth Park</a>; Claudelands; <a href="/wiki/Enderley" title="Enderley">Enderley</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Hamilton" title="Fairfield, Hamilton">Fairfield</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fairview_Downs" title="Fairview Downs">Fairview Downs</a>; <a href="/wiki/Flagstaff,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagstaff, Waikato">Flagstaff</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_East,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton East, New Zealand">Hamilton East</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harrowfield" title="Harrowfield">Harrowfield</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hillcrest,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillcrest, Waikato">Hillcrest</a>; <a href="/wiki/Huntington,_New_Zealand" title="Huntington, New Zealand">Huntington</a>; <a href="/wiki/Magellan_Rise_(suburb)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magellan Rise (suburb)">Magellan Rise</a>; <a href="/wiki/Queenwood" title="Queenwood">Queenwood</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ruakura" title="Ruakura">Ruakura</a>; <a href="/wiki/Riverlea,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverlea, Waikato">Riverlea</a>; Rototuna; <a href="/wiki/Silverdale,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Silverdale, Waikato">Silverdale</a>; <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Heights" title="Somerset Heights">Somerset Heights</a>; <a href="/wiki/St_James_Park,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="St James Park, Waikato">St James Park</a>; <a href="/wiki/St_Petersburg,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="St Petersburg, Waikato">St Petersburg</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Towns/Suburbs_in_the_Hamilton_Urban_Area">Towns/Suburbs in the Hamilton Urban Area</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Towns/Suburbs in the Hamilton Urban Area">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_New_Zealand" title="Cambridge, New Zealand">Cambridge</a>; <a href="/wiki/Te_Awamutu" title="Te Awamutu">Te Awamutu</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ruaw%C4%81hia" title="Ngāruawāhia">Ngāruawāhia</a>; <a href="/wiki/Taupiri" title="Taupiri">Taupiri</a>; <a href="/wiki/Horotiu,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Horotiu, Waikato">Horotiu</a>; <a href="/wiki/Horsham_Downs" title="Horsham Downs">Horsham Downs</a>; <a href="/wiki/Huntly,_New_Zealand" title="Huntly, New Zealand">Huntly</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gordonton" title="Gordonton">Gordonton</a>; <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Chaup%C5%8D" title="Ōhaupō">Ōhaupō</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81hinap%C5%8Duri" title="Ngāhinapōuri">Ngāhinapōuri</a>; <a href="/wiki/Te_Kowhai" title="Te Kowhai">Te Kowhai</a>; <a href="/wiki/Whatawhata" title="Whatawhata">Whatawhata</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tamahere" title="Tamahere">Tamahere</a>; <a href="/wiki/Matangi,_New_Zealand" title="Matangi, New Zealand">Matangi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tauwhare" title="Tauwhare">Tauwhare</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rukuhia" title="Rukuhia">Rukuhia</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kihikihi" title="Kihikihi">Kihikihi</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Hamilton's climate is <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a> (Köppen: Cfb ), with highly moderated temperatures due to New Zealand's location surrounded by ocean. As the largest inland city in the country, winters are cool and mornings can feature the lowest temperatures of the North Island's main centres, dropping as low as −3 °C (27 °F) several times per year, experiencing on average 17.1 nights that drop below freezing.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Nighttime temperatures are even cooler outside of the city. Likewise, summers can be some of the warmest in the country with on average 51.6 days with temperatures exceeding 25 °C (77 °F).<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Hamilton also features very high humidity (similar to tropical climates such as <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>) which can make temperatures feel much higher or lower than they are. Ground frosts are common and snow is possible but rare. The only recorded snowfall in modern times was light snowflakes in mid-August 2011 during a prolonged cold period that saw snowfall as far north as <a href="/wiki/Dargaville" title="Dargaville">Dargaville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hamiltonsnow-59">[59]</a> Hamilton receives considerable precipitation amounting to around 1,100 mm over 125 days per year. This coupled with annual sunshine hours of around 2,000 makes Hamilton and the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato</a> an extremely fertile region.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Typically summers are dry and winters are wet. Fog is common during winter mornings, especially close to the <a href="/wiki/Waikato_River" title="Waikato River">Waikato River</a> which runs through the city centre. Hamilton is one of the foggiest cities on earth, however, fog usually burns off by noon to produce sunny and calm winter days.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Hamilton also has the lowest average wind speed of New Zealand's main centres as a result of its inland location, in a depression surrounded by high hills and mountains.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Hamilton (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1906–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9 (91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3 (91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6 (90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7 (85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3 (75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3 (72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8 (67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8 (71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6 (74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6 (79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4 (83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7 (94.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.7 (94.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0 (84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0 (84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7 (81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6 (76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2 (70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5 (65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6 (63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2 (64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4 (68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9 (71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4 (77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9 (80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.2 (86.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6 (76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4 (74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3 (68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2 (63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1 (57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9 (58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6 (61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1 (64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1 (68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.3 (66.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7 (65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1 (66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4 (63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7 (58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 (49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 (48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 (49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 (52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1 (55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2 (63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8 (55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1 (55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 (52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 (48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 (44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 (40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 (38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 (40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 (43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 (46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 (48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 (53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.5 (47.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 (45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 (41.5) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 (36.7) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1 (30.0) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6 (27.3) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4 (25.9) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8 (28.8) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 (32.7) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 (34.5) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 (38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 (42.6) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−3.8 (25.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (34.0) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 (32.9) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0 (28.4) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.9 (25.0) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0 (23.0) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.9 (14.2) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.5 (18.5) </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.6 (21.9) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.1 (24.6) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.9 (26.8) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8 (30.6) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.2 (28.0) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−9.9 (14.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.4 (2.97) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.0 (2.56) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.4 (2.97) </td> <td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.3 (3.63) </td> <td style="background: #65FF65; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.3 (4.07) </td> <td style="background: #49FF49; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.8 (4.64) </td> <td style="background: #45FF45; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.2 (4.89) </td> <td style="background: #60FF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">106.5 (4.19) </td> <td style="background: #64FF64; color:#000000;" class="notheme">100.1 (3.94) </td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.0 (3.39) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.0 (3.11) </td> <td style="background: #6BFF6B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.2 (3.91) </td> <td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,124.2 (44.27) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.7 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.8 </td> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.8 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">119.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000D2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000B4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000A3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">90.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000A1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">91.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000A2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">90.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000AA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000BE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000D2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000B9; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">84.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">237.1 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184.4 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.0 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163.3 </td> <td style="background: #C0C025; color:#000000;" class="notheme">141.5 </td> <td style="background: #B7B756; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.6 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.6 </td> <td style="background: #C2C216; color:#000000;" class="notheme">146.9 </td> <td style="background: #C5C507; color:#000000;" class="notheme">147.5 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">171.7 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">194.4 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.8 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,033.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NIWA Climate Data<a href="#cite_note-NIWA-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Hamilton Airport, New Zealand </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4 (75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9 (76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0 (73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6 (67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8 (56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4 (56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2 (61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1 (64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1 (68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3 (72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.9 (66.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 (52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 (50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 (41.2) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 (37.4) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 (35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 (38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 (40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 (44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 (46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 (49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.9 (44.4) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: CliFlo<a href="#cite_note-Hamilton-64">[64]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:20em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:10em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:auto">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1886</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,201</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,253</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1906</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,150<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-65">[65]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,655<a href="#cite_note-teara.govt.nz-66">[66]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1916</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,677</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,441</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,980</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,400<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,150<a href="#cite_note-teara.govt.nz-66">[66]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1945</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,982<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-65">[65]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">29,838<a href="#cite_note-teara.govt.nz-66">[66]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1956</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">35,941<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,212<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:10em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:auto">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1966</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">63,000<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">74,784<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1976</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">87,968<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">91,109<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1986</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">94,511<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">101,448<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1996</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">109,043<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">116,604<a href="#cite_note-stats.govt.nz-77">[77]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2006</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">129,588<a href="#cite_note-2018_boundaries-78">[78]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2013</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">141,612<a href="#cite_note-2018_boundaries-78">[78]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2018</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">160,911<a href="#cite_note-2018_boundaries-78">[78]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2023</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">174,741<a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-79">[79]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_census" title="New Zealand census">New Zealand census</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Hamilton had a population of 174,741 in the <a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_census" title="2023 New Zealand census">2023 New Zealand census</a>, an increase of 13,830 people (8.6%) since the <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Zealand_census" title="2018 New Zealand census">2018 census</a>, and an increase of 33,129 people (23.4%) since the <a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_census" title="2013 New Zealand census">2013 census</a>. There were 85,437 males, 88,497 females and 807 people of <a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">other genders</a> in 60,897 dwellings.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> 3.9% of people identified as <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTIQ+</a>. The median age was 33.2 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 36,570 people (20.9%) aged under 15 years, 40,836 (23.4%) aged 15 to 29, 75,549 (43.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 21,783 (12.5%) aged 65 or older.<a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-79">[79]</a> Of those at least 15 years old, 30,033 (21.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 66,924 (48.4%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 32,769 (23.7%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $42,200, compared with $41,500 nationally. 13,599 people (9.8%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 72,741 (52.6%) people were employed full-time, 16,971 (12.3%) were part-time, and 5,346 (3.9%) were unemployed.<a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-79">[79]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Hamilton_City.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Hamilton_City.png/220px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Hamilton_City.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Hamilton_City.png/330px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Hamilton_City.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Hamilton_City.png/440px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Hamilton_City.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="763" /></a><figcaption>Population density in the 2023 census</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Individual wards </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Area (km2)</th> <th>Population</th> <th>Density (per km2)</th> <th>Dwellings</th> <th>Median age</th> <th>Median income </th></tr> <tr> <td>West General Ward</td> <td style="text-align:right;">64.18</td> <td style="text-align:right;">80,817</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,259</td> <td style="text-align:right;">29,235</td> <td>33.1 years</td> <td>$43,600<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>East General Ward</td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.19</td> <td style="text-align:right;">93,921</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,033.4</td> <td style="text-align:right;">31,662</td> <td>33.2 years</td> <td>$40,900<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>New Zealand</th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th>38.1 years</th> <th style="text-align:left;">$41,500 </th></tr></tbody></table> The main area of population growth is in the <a href="/wiki/Flagstaff,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagstaff, Waikato">Flagstaff</a>-Rototuna area. With its large tertiary student population at <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Institute_of_Technology" title="Waikato Institute of Technology">Wintec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waikato_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Waikato University">Waikato University</a>, approximately 40,000 tertiary students, Hamilton has a significant transient population.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Hamilton is the second fastest growing population centre after Auckland. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture_and_identity">Culture and identity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Culture and identity">edit</a>]</div> People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 58.5% <a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">European</a> (<a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a>); 25.4% <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a>; 6.8% <a href="/wiki/Pasifika_New_Zealanders" title="Pasifika New Zealanders">Pasifika</a>; 22.8% <a href="/wiki/Asian_New_Zealanders" title="Asian New Zealanders">Asian</a>; 2.7% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.0% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 94.0%, Māori language by 6.8%, Samoan by 0.9% and other languages by 20.6%. No language could be spoken by 2.6% (e.g. too young to talk). <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a> was known by 0.6%. The percentage of people born overseas was 30.1, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 32.4% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_New_Zealand" title="Christianity in New Zealand">Christian</a>, 4.4% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_New_Zealand" title="Hinduism in New Zealand">Hindu</a>, 2.7% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_New_Zealand" title="Islam in New Zealand">Islam</a>, 1.5% <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_religious_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori religious beliefs">Māori religious beliefs</a>, 1.3% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Buddhism in New Zealand">Buddhist</a>, 0.4% <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in New Zealand">Jewish</a>, and 3.2% other religions. People who answered that they had <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">no religion</a> were 47.8%, and 6.3% of people did not answer the census question.<a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Government and politics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Local government">edit</a>]</div> Hamilton is located in the administrative area of the <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_City_Council_(New_Zealand)" title="Hamilton City Council (New Zealand)">Hamilton City Council</a>. The current <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Mayor of Hamilton, New Zealand">mayor of Hamilton</a> is <a href="/wiki/Paula_Southgate" title="Paula Southgate">Paula Southgate</a>,<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> who was first elected to the position in <a href="/wiki/2019_Hamilton_mayoral_election" title="2019 Hamilton mayoral election">2019</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> and re-elected in <a href="/wiki/2022_Hamilton,_New_Zealand_mayoral_election" title="2022 Hamilton, New Zealand mayoral election">2022</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The current deputy mayor is Angela O'Leary.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Hamilton City is itself part of the <a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato</a> region, controlled administratively by the <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Regional_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Waikato Regional Council">Waikato Regional Council</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Coat of arms">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Hamilton </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: ;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamilton_CoA_(shield_only).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hamilton_CoA_%28shield_only%29.svg/220px-Hamilton_CoA_%28shield_only%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hamilton_CoA_%28shield_only%29.svg/330px-Hamilton_CoA_%28shield_only%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hamilton_CoA_%28shield_only%29.svg/440px-Hamilton_CoA_%28shield_only%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd>Hamilton City adopted a <a href="/wiki/Achievement_(heraldry)" title="Achievement (heraldry)">coat of arms</a> in 1946. The <a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">blazon</a> is:<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></dd> <dt>Crest</dt> <dd>A <a href="/wiki/Mural_crown" title="Mural crown">mural crown</a>.</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Variation_of_the_field#Variations_of_lines" title="Variation of the field">Barry-wavy</a> of eight <a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">argent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">azure</a>; on a <a href="/wiki/Bend_(heraldry)" title="Bend (heraldry)">bend</a> <a href="/wiki/Vert_(heraldry)" title="Vert (heraldry)">verte</a>, 3 oxen heads <a href="/wiki/Erasure_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasure (heraldry)">erased</a>, <a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">or</a>.</dd> <dt>Supporters</dt> <dd>A <a href="/wiki/P%C5%ABkeko" class="mw-redirect" title="Pūkeko">pūkeko</a>, on either side, <a href="/wiki/Attitude_(heraldry)#Rampant" title="Attitude (heraldry)">rampant</a> <a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)#Proper" title="Tincture (heraldry)">proper</a>.</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> The city's coat of arms has received some criticism, being accused of not reflecting the history and diversity of the city, with suggestions that it should be changed.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_government">Central government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Central government">edit</a>]</div> Hamilton has three electorate MPs in the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a>. Both <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_East_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hamilton East (New Zealand electorate)">Hamilton East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_West_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hamilton West (New Zealand electorate)">Hamilton West</a> electorates are considered <a href="/wiki/Bellwether" title="Bellwether">bellwether seats</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_electorates" title="New Zealand electorates">electorates</a> are currently represented by: General electorates: <ul><li>Hamilton East: <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Hamilton_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Ryan Hamilton (New Zealand politician)">Ryan Hamilton</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Hamilton_East_-_Official_Result-91">[91]</a></li> <li>Hamilton West: <a href="/wiki/Tama_Potaka" title="Tama Potaka">Tama Potaka</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a>)<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Māori electorate</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hauraki-Waikato" title="Hauraki-Waikato">Hauraki-Waikato</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hana-Rawhiti_Maipi-Clarke" title="Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke">Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maori_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Maori Party">Maori Party</a>).<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WaikatoUni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/WaikatoUni.jpg/220px-WaikatoUni.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/WaikatoUni.jpg/330px-WaikatoUni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/WaikatoUni.jpg/440px-WaikatoUni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waikato" title="University of Waikato">University of Waikato</a> campus</figcaption></figure> Education and research are important to the city—Hamilton is home to two institutes of higher education, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waikato" title="University of Waikato">University of Waikato</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Institute_of_Technology" title="Waikato Institute of Technology">Waikato Institute of Technology</a> (Wintec). Research at the Ruakura research centres have been responsible for much of New Zealand's innovation in agriculture. Hamilton's main revenue source is the dairy industry, due to its location in the centre of New Zealand's largest dairying area. Hamilton annually hosts the National Agricultural <a href="/wiki/Fieldays" class="mw-redirect" title="Fieldays">Fieldays</a> at Mystery Creek, the southern hemisphere's biggest agricultural trade exhibition. Mystery Creek is the country's largest event centre and hosts other events of national importance, such as <a href="/wiki/Parachute_music_festival" title="Parachute music festival">Parachute Christian Music Festival</a>, the National Car Show and the National Boat Show. Manufacturing and retail are also important to the local economy, as is the provision of health services through the Waikato Hospital. The city is home to New Zealand's largest aircraft manufacturer, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Aerospace" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Aerospace">Pacific Aerospace</a>, which manufactured its 1,000th aircraft in August 2009, and previously <a href="/wiki/Micro_Aviation_NZ" title="Micro Aviation NZ">Micro Aviation NZ</a> which manufactured and exported high-quality <a href="/wiki/Microlight" class="mw-redirect" title="Microlight">microlight</a> aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> It also has its largest concentration of trailer-boat manufacturers such as Buccaneer. Hamilton is also the home of Gallagher Group Ltd, a manufacturer and exporter of electric fencing and security systems. Employing 600 people Gallagher has been doing business in Hamilton since 1938. Hamilton is also home to <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Aircraft_Company" title="Vickers Aircraft Company">Vickers Aircraft Company</a>, a startup aircraft manufacturer making a carbon fibre amphibious aircraft called the <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Aircraft_Wave" title="Vickers Aircraft Wave">Wave</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Recent years have seen the firm establishment of the New Zealand base of the British flight training organisation L3. L3 trains over 350 airline pilots a year at its crew training centre at <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Airport_(New_Zealand)" title="Hamilton Airport (New Zealand)">Hamilton Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Tainui Group Holdings Ltd, the commercial arm of the <a href="/wiki/Waikato_(iwi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waikato (iwi)">Waikato</a> tribe, is one of Hamilton's largest property developers. The Waikato tribe is one of the city's largest landowners. Tainui owns land at <a href="/wiki/The_Base_(shopping_centre)" title="The Base (shopping centre)">The Base</a>, Centre Place, The Warehouse Central, University of Waikato, Wintec, the Courthouse, Fairfield College, and the Ruakura <a href="/wiki/AgResearch" title="AgResearch">AgResearch</a> centre.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> The Waikato tribe is a major shareholder of the <a href="/wiki/Novotel" title="Novotel">Novotel</a> Tainui and the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Ibis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotel Ibis">Hotel Ibis</a>. It has developed the large retail centre The Base in the old Te Rapa airforce base site which was returned to Tainui, following <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_land-confiscations" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand land-confiscations">confiscation</a> in the 1860s, as part of a 1995 Treaty of Waitangi settlement. In mid-2010, The Base was further expanded with Te Awa Mall complex stage 1.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Many large retailers such as Farmers and other nationwide speciality chains have located at Te Awa. In 2011 a further stage was opened, with cinemas, restaurants, shops and an underground carpark. The city's three major covered shopping malls are Centre Place (formerly Downtown Plaza)<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> in the CBD, <a href="/wiki/Chartwell_Shopping_Centre" title="Chartwell Shopping Centre">Chartwell Shopping Centre</a> and most recently Te Awa at The Base. After <a href="/wiki/Farmers_Trading_Company" title="Farmers Trading Company">Farmers</a> Hamilton moves from its existing site on corner of Alexandra and Collingwood streets into the redeveloped Centre Place in late 2013,<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> each major mall will have the <a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">department store</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Anchor_tenant" title="Anchor tenant">anchor tenant</a>. The western suburb of Frankton is home to a smaller shopping centre and long-standing local furniture and home department store Forlongs.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> There are many other small suburban shopping centres or plazas, often centred on a <a href="/wiki/New_World_(supermarket)" title="New World (supermarket)">New World</a> or <a href="/wiki/Countdown_(supermarket)" title="Countdown (supermarket)">Countdown</a> supermarket, such as in Rototuna, Hillcrest and <a href="/wiki/Glenview,_New_Zealand" title="Glenview, New Zealand">Glenview</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GardenPlaceHamilton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/GardenPlaceHamilton.jpg/220px-GardenPlaceHamilton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/GardenPlaceHamilton.jpg/330px-GardenPlaceHamilton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/GardenPlaceHamilton.jpg/440px-GardenPlaceHamilton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Garden Place</figcaption></figure> In 2004, Hamilton City Council honoured former resident <a href="/wiki/Richard_O%27Brien" title="Richard O'Brien">Richard O'Brien</a> with a life-size bronze statue of him as character Riff Raff, of <a href="/wiki/The_Rocky_Horror_Picture_Show" title="The Rocky Horror Picture Show">The Rocky Horror Picture Show</a>, in his space suit. The statue was designed by <a href="/wiki/W%C4%93t%C4%81_Workshop" title="Wētā Workshop">Wētā Workshop</a>, props makers for <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)">The Lord of the Rings</a> films. It stands on the former site of the Embassy Cinema, where O'Brien watched science fiction-double features.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Several Māori Pa have been part restored at Pukete, Hikuwai and Miropiko along the banks of the Waikato River. The city is host to a large number of small galleries and the <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Museum" title="Waikato Museum">Waikato Museum</a>. The latter includes Te Winika, one of the best-preserved <a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">waka taua</a> (Māori war canoe) from the pre-colonisation era. It is also home to one of the country's premier experimental <a href="/wiki/Black_box_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Black box theatre">black box theatres</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Meteor_Theatre" title="The Meteor Theatre">The Meteor Theatre</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> Hamilton is host to several large scale music festivals including the <a href="/wiki/Soundscape_(New_Zealand_festival)" title="Soundscape (New Zealand festival)">Soundscape music festival</a>, which is one of New Zealand's largest street parties.<a href="#cite_note-Soundscape-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The city also hosts the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opus_Chamber_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opus Chamber Orchestra (page does not exist)">Opus Chamber Orchestra</a> which draws musicians from around the Waikato Region<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> and is the home of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Chamber_Soloists" title="New Zealand Chamber Soloists">New Zealand Chamber Soloists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-106">[106]</a> An ongoing classical concert series featuring world class musicians<a href="#cite_note-auto1-106">[106]</a> is held throughout the year at the Gallagher Concert Chamber, organised by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waikato" title="University of Waikato">University of Waikato</a>, Conservatorium of Music. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Events">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January: <a href="/wiki/Parachute_music_festival" title="Parachute music festival">Parachute music festival</a> (discontinued after 2014), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Festival_One&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Festival One (page does not exist)">Festival One</a> (from 2015)</li> <li>February: Hamilton Gardens Arts Festival, <a href="/wiki/Couch_Soup" title="Couch Soup">Couch Soup Festival of One-Act Plays</a></li> <li>March: Waikato Food & Wine Festival[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>March: Soundscape<a href="#cite_note-Soundscape-102">[102]</a></li> <li>March: Indigo Festival[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>April: The Great Pumpkin Carnival at Hamilton Gardens<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li> <li>April: Waikato Show[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/Armageddon_Expo" title="Armageddon Expo">Armageddon Expo</a> Sci Fi & Comics Convention*</li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/Balloons_over_Waikato" title="Balloons over Waikato">Balloons over Waikato</a> <a href="/wiki/Hot_air_ballooning" title="Hot air ballooning">hot air ballooning</a> festival</li> <li>April: 5 Bridges River Swim<a href="#cite_note-5Bridges-108">[108]</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Circle_Jerk" title="Hamilton Circle Jerk">Hamilton Circle Jerk</a> music event</li> <li>June: <a href="/wiki/National_Agricultural_Fieldays" title="National Agricultural Fieldays">National Agricultural Fieldays</a></li> <li>June: Hamilton Fuel Festival[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>July: Soundscape<a href="#cite_note-Soundscape-102">[102]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SoundscapeHamilton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/SoundscapeHamilton.jpg/170px-SoundscapeHamilton.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/SoundscapeHamilton.jpg/255px-SoundscapeHamilton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/SoundscapeHamilton.jpg/340px-SoundscapeHamilton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Tronik DJs play at the sellout Soundscape street party</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>August: <a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Championship" title="World Rally Championship">World Rally Championship</a></li> <li>August: International Festival of Media, Arts and Design<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li> <li>August: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_International_Film_Festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand International Film Festivals">International Film Festival</a></li> <li>September: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hamiltonpride.co.nz/">Hamilton Pride Festival</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180815090933/https://hamiltonpride.co.nz/">Archived</a> 15 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>September: <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Race_(rowing)" title="The Great Race (rowing)">The Great Race</a></li> <li>September: <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Underground_Film_Festival" title="Hamilton Underground Film Festival">Hamilton Underground Film Festival</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></li> <li>October: Hamilton Fringe Festival<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></li> <li>November: Bridge to Bridge water skiing event<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></li> <li>November: Round the Bridges running event<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> The local <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> teams are <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Rugby_Union" title="Waikato Rugby Union">Waikato</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mitre_10_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitre 10 Cup">Mitre 10 Cup</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Chiefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Waikato Chiefs">Chiefs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Super_Rugby" title="Super Rugby">Super Rugby</a>). The local colours are red, yellow and black, and the provincial mascot is Mooloo, an anthropomorphic cow. Both teams play at <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Stadium" title="Waikato Stadium">Waikato Stadium</a>. Hamilton is also home to a football club, <a href="/wiki/WaiBOP_United" title="WaiBOP United">WaiBOP United</a>, that competes in the <a href="/wiki/ASB_Premiership" class="mw-redirect" title="ASB Premiership">ASB Premiership</a> during summer. The winter football clubs <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Wanderers" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Wanderers">Hamilton Wanderers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melville_United" class="mw-redirect" title="Melville United">Melville United</a> competing in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_League_(New_Zealand)" title="Northern League (New Zealand)">Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Premier League</a> are also based in Hamilton. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamilton_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Hamilton_03.jpg/220px-Hamilton_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Hamilton_03.jpg/330px-Hamilton_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Hamilton_03.jpg/440px-Hamilton_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Waikato Stadium, Lions vs. NZ Māori, 2005.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Seddon_Park" title="Seddon Park">Seddon Park</a> (formerly Westpac Park) is Hamilton's main <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> venue and hosts <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test matches</a>, <a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">One Day Internationals</a> and <a href="/wiki/T20_International" class="mw-redirect" title="T20 International">T20 Internationals</a>. It is the home ground of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Districts_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Districts Knights">Northern Districts Cricket Association</a>. Hamilton is fast becoming a <a href="/wiki/Motorsport" title="Motorsport">motorsport</a> venue as well. A round of the <a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Championship" title="World Rally Championship">WRC</a> was held in 2006 and the annual <a href="/wiki/V8_Supercars" class="mw-redirect" title="V8 Supercars">V8 Supercars</a> race on a <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Street_Circuit" title="Hamilton Street Circuit">street circuit</a> started in 2008 and ended in 2012. <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">Rugby league</a> is also played in Hamilton with the two local teams, Hamilton City Tigers and Hamilton Hornets/College Old Boys, playing in the Premier Division of the <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Rugby_League" title="Waikato Rugby League">Waikato Rugby League</a>. Sailing takes place on Hamilton lake for 9 months of the year. The Hamilton Yacht Club has its clubrooms, slipway and ramp on the western side of Lake Rotoroa. Motor boats are not allowed on the lake, with an exception of the Yacht Club rescue boats. Each year in April, Hamilton supports the '5 Bridges' swimming challenge. The course starts in Hamilton Gardens, and continues for 6 kilometres finishing at Ann St Beach. The swim is assisted by the current, with the full distance typically covered in under an hour. The event celebrated its 71st year on 11 April 2010.<a href="#cite_note-5Bridges-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> The major daily newspaper is the <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Times" title="Waikato Times">Waikato Times</a>. Weekly community newspapers include the Hamilton Press, Hamilton News and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waikato" title="University of Waikato">Waikato University</a> student magazine <a href="/wiki/Nexus_(student_magazine)" title="Nexus (student magazine)">Nexus</a>. Local radio stations include <a href="/wiki/The_Breeze_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Breeze (New Zealand)">The Breeze</a>, Free FM, <a href="/wiki/More_FM" title="More FM">More FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contact_FM" title="Contact FM">Contact FM</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Edge_(radio_station)" title="The Edge (radio station)">The Edge</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Rock_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rock (New Zealand)">The Rock</a>, two of New Zealand's most popular <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_New_Zealand" title="List of radio stations in New Zealand">radio stations</a>, were originally based in Hamilton. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="City_facilities_and_attractions">City facilities and attractions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: City facilities and attractions">edit</a>]</div> Hamilton Gardens is the region's most popular tourist attraction and hosts the Hamilton Gardens Summer Festival each year. <a href="/wiki/The_Base_(shopping_centre)" title="The Base (shopping centre)">The Base</a> is New Zealand's second largest shopping centre, with over 7.5 million visitors per year to the 190 stores. Te Awa, an enclosed speciality retail mall at The Base, was awarded a silver medal by the International Council of Shopping Centres for the second-best expansion in the Asia Pacific region.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Other local attractions include <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Zoo" title="Hamilton Zoo">Hamilton Zoo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Museum" title="Waikato Museum">Waikato Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Astronomical_Society_Observatory" title="Hamilton Astronomical Society Observatory">Hamilton Astronomical Society Observatory</a>, the Arts Post art gallery, and the <a href="/wiki/Skycity_Entertainment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Skycity Entertainment Group">SkyCity</a> casino. Just 20 minutes' drive away is Ngāruawāhia, the location of <a href="/wiki/Turangawaewae" class="mw-redirect" title="Turangawaewae">Turangawaewae</a> <a href="/wiki/Marae" title="Marae">Marae</a> and the home of Māori Queen <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81_Wai_Hono_i_te_P%C5%8D" title="Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō">Nga Wai Hono i te Po</a>. Hamilton has <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_City_Libraries_(New_Zealand)" title="Hamilton City Libraries (New Zealand)">six public libraries</a> located throughout the city with the Central Library housing the main reference and heritage collection. Hamilton City Theaters provides professional venue and event management at two of the three theatrical venues in the city: <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_North,_New_Zealand#Founders_Theatre" title="Hamilton North, New Zealand">Founders Theatre</a> (closed since 2016),<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> and Clarence St Theater. The Meteor theatre was bought by the One Victoria Trust in 2013 after the Hamilton City Council proposed the sale of the theatre and is now privately operated. <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Cathedral,_Hamilton" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Peter's Cathedral, Hamilton">St Peter's Cathedral</a>, built in 1916, is the <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> cathedral in Hamilton, on Cathedral Hill at the southern end of Victoria Street. There is also St Mary's <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> cathedral on the opposite side of the river. The <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_New_Zealand_Temple" title="Hamilton New Zealand Temple">Hamilton New Zealand Temple</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Temple_View" title="Temple View">Temple View</a>, Hamilton. It was opened along with the <a href="/wiki/Church_College_of_New_Zealand" title="Church College of New Zealand">Church College of New Zealand</a>, a large high school owned by the church, in the late 1950s. Both the college and the temple were built by labour missionaries. The school was closed in December 2009. Every year, the temple hosts a large Christmas lighting show which attracts large crowds from all over the country. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hospitals">Hospitals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Hospitals">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WaikatoHospital.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/WaikatoHospital.jpg/220px-WaikatoHospital.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/WaikatoHospital.jpg/330px-WaikatoHospital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/WaikatoHospital.jpg/440px-WaikatoHospital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="669" /></a><figcaption>Waikato Hospital in Hamilton West</figcaption></figure> Hamilton's public hospital is <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Hospital" title="Waikato Hospital">Waikato Hospital</a> with 600 beds, 22 operating theatres<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> and about 5,000 worked there in 2014<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> It is the fourth largest public hospital in New Zealand in number of beds.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> There are two other major private hospitals in Hamilton City; <a href="/wiki/Braemar_Hospital" title="Braemar Hospital">Braemar Hospital</a>, located in the same area that Waikato Hospital is located, and Southern Cross Hospital, located in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_East,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton East, New Zealand">Hamilton East</a>. Hamilton also has a two private primary maternity hospitals, which are fully funded by the Waikato <a href="/wiki/District_health_board" title="District health board">District Health Board</a>, Waterford Birth Centre and River Ridge East Birth Centre.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Travel_survey#Recent_or_continuous_country-wide_travel_surveys" title="Travel survey">New Zealand Household Travel Survey</a> 2015 – 2018 said that 86% of Hamilton trip legs were made by car (60% as driver, 26% as passenger), 10% were walking, 2% cycling and 1% by bus.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Air">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Airport_(New_Zealand)" title="Hamilton Airport (New Zealand)">Hamilton Airport</a> serves as a domestic airport. It is jointly owned by Hamilton City and neighbouring district councils. The airport is located just outside Hamilton's boundary, within the <a href="/wiki/Waipa_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Waipa District">Waipa District</a>. There are direct flights with Air New Zealand to Christchurch and Wellington and Origin Air to Napier, Nelson and Palmerston North. <a href="/wiki/Sunair" title="Sunair">Sunair</a> served Hamilton for 30 years until it withdrew due to insufficient demand. also there are charter flights to other destinations throughout the North Island. The airport also served as a major base for now defunct low-cost airlines <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Air" title="Freedom Air">Freedom Air</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kiwi_Travel_International_Airlines" title="Kiwi Travel International Airlines">Kiwi Air</a>. <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Australia" title="Virgin Australia">Virgin Australia</a> offered three international flights a week, to and from <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Airport" title="Brisbane Airport">Brisbane Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Airport" title="Sydney Airport">Sydney Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Airport" title="Melbourne Airport">Melbourne Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_Airport" title="Gold Coast Airport">Gold Coast Airport</a>. However, all international flights have now been discontinued, primarily due to a small market. The airport is the base for pilot training schools and the aircraft manufacturer, Pacific Aerospace, is located at the northern end of the runway. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycling">Cycling</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Cycling">edit</a>]</div> Hamilton has 97 km (60 mi) of on-road, 21 km (13 mi) of off-road and 28 km (17 mi) of riverside cycleways,<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> which link the city centre with the outlying suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> These cycleways consist of a mixture of dedicated cycle lanes, which are 1-metre-wide strips either coloured green or with a painted outline of a cycle and mixed use cycle/walk ways which are mainly located alongside the Waikato River.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The city's design guide says the preferred width for cycleways is 3 m (9.8 ft).<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> A cycleway was built beside Greenwood Street and Kahikatea Drive in 2015 and beside Ohaupo Road and Normandy Avenue in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> A $6.7m, 2.7 km (1.7 mi) Western Rail Trail opened in 2017 linking Glenview, Melville, and Deanwell, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Girls%27_High_School" title="Hamilton Girls' High School">Hamilton Girls’ High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/WINTEC" class="mw-redirect" title="WINTEC">Wintec</a> and the city centre.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Road">edit</a>]</div> One of New Zealand's main road artery <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_1C" class="mw-redirect" title="State Highway 1C">State Highway 1C</a> runs through several of Hamilton's suburbs and connects with <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_3_(New_Zealand)" title="State Highway 3 (New Zealand)">State Highway 3</a> at a major intersection within the city boundaries. The Hamilton section of the <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Expressway" title="Waikato Expressway">Waikato Expressway</a>, which was completed in 2022 shifted <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_1_(New_Zealand)" title="State Highway 1 (New Zealand)">State Highway 1</a> to the east of Hamilton City, effectively bypassing the city and easing congestion between commuting city traffic and through traffic. It will also, as expressed in a City Council report, "undermine the attractiveness of public transport as a mode of choice for many years to come."<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Safer Speed Areas 40 km/h limits were first introduced in Hamilton in 2011 and by 2014 there were 36 of them,<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> many in suburbs near the river.<a href="#cite_note-:4-130">[130]</a> From 1864 Hamilton was on the <a href="/wiki/Great_South_Road,_New_Zealand" title="Great South Road, New Zealand">Great South Road</a>, created to connect Auckland to Te Awamutu and facilitate the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Waikato" title="Invasion of the Waikato">invasion of the Waikato</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ring_Road">Ring Road</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Ring Road">edit</a>]</div> As well as being bypassed by the Expressway, Hamilton will also have the Ring Road and, prior to those, the city centre was bypassed by Anglesea Street in 1964<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> and the main road diverted from the north end of Victoria Street<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> onto Ulster Street, which was extended to absorb Gurnell Avenue and form a 4-lane main road,<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> by putting Waitewhiriwhiri Stream in a culvert and filling the valley.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> The Hamilton Ring Road project was initiated to free some of the city's streets from peak-traffic congestion and improve connectivity around the city. It consists of five segments, opening between 1963 and 2024. It was linked to the Te Rapa Section of the Waikato Expressway in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-:6-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Cobham_Drive">Cobham Drive</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Cobham Drive">edit</a>]</div> The first part of the ring road, Cobham Drive, from Tristram St to Cambridge Road, was named in 1963 after the Governor-General, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyttelton,_10th_Viscount_Cobham" title="Charles Lyttelton, 10th Viscount Cobham">Viscount Cobham</a>. It was originally named Southern Outlet.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> It linked to <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_3_(New_Zealand)" title="State Highway 3 (New Zealand)">SH3</a> along Normandy Drive.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Prior to that the junction with SH3 had been at Victoria Street / Bridge Street and SH1 had used Grey Street and Cambridge Road.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Greenwood_Street_and_Kahikatea_Drive">Greenwood Street and Kahikatea Drive</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Greenwood Street and Kahikatea Drive">edit</a>]</div> To the west and south, Greenwood Street, which had existed since 1907, was extended south to Kahikatea Drive,<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> which was named in 1971<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> and opened about 1974.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Avalon_Drive">Avalon Drive</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Avalon Drive">edit</a>]</div> The next part of the ring road, on the western side, opened when SH1 was diverted from the city centre to run east of the city, through <a href="/wiki/Nawton,_New_Zealand" title="Nawton, New Zealand">Nawton</a> from 1 July 1992.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Norton Road Extension was renamed Avalon Drive.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> The road was originally built about 1919.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> Currently this road is quite congested in morning and evening peak-hour however space has been allocated to upgrade the road from its current two lanes to four lanes in the near future. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Wairere_Drive">Wairere Drive</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Wairere Drive">edit</a>]</div> Wairere Drive forms the north east part of the ring road. Initially it ran from Avalon Drive to River Road at Flagstaff, via <a href="/wiki/Pukete_Bridge" title="Pukete Bridge">Pukete Bridge</a>. The land for it was <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Gazette" title="New Zealand Gazette">gazetted</a> in 1995<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> and the road was on the 1998 map.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> It had a 70 km/h speed limit.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> The extension to Hukanui Rd was on the 2009 map.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> It was then extended from Hukanui Rd to Crosby Rd in 2010, to Ruakura Rd in 2013<a href="#cite_note-:6-136">[136]</a> and 5.5 km (3.4 mi) to Cambridge Rd in 2014,<a href="#cite_note-:7-153">[153]</a> when the Pukete Rd to Resolution Dr section was widened from 2 to 4 lanes,<a href="#cite_note-:6-136">[136]</a> and roundabouts replaced with traffic lights, at a cost of $84m.<a href="#cite_note-:7-153">[153]</a> The extension from Hukanui Road to Tramway Road cost $1.5m in 2005/06, plus $3.3m in 2007/08.<a href="#cite_note-:12-154">[154]</a> In 2008, on the budget had been over $14m.<a href="#cite_note-:4-130">[130]</a> The road includes a 3 m (9.8 ft) wide cycleway.<a href="#cite_note-:5-155">[155]</a> Completion is planned for 2022.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Traffic at Pukete Bridge in 2006 was 25,200 vehicles a day.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> In 2018 it was 38,400.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Many sections of Wairere Drive are congested during morning and evening peak-hour traffic. Hamilton City Council removed funding from its 2024-2034 Long Term Plan to widen many sections of the road, which included the construction of new bus priority and transit lanes. In 2017, it was noted that a drop in passenger numbers on the <a href="/wiki/Public_transport_in_Hamilton_and_Waikato#Hamilton_City_routes" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transport in Hamilton and Waikato">Orbiter</a> bus correlated with opening of the extension to Cambridge Rd in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Southern_Links">Southern Links</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Southern Links">edit</a>]</div> The final part of the ring road will be the Southern Links, through <a href="/wiki/Peacocke,_New_Zealand" title="Peacocke, New Zealand">Peacocke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Construction of the $150m bridge over the Waikato is planned between 2020 and 2023.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> The plan for the area says, "it is intended that the arterial routes also make provision for alternative modes of transport such as <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> by maintaining corridors."<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sixth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth National Government of New Zealand">sixth National government</a> has promised to build the Southern Links as part of the <a href="/wiki/Roads_of_National_Significance" title="Roads of National Significance">Roads of National Significance</a> project. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bridges">Bridges</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Bridges">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairfield_Bridge7.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fairfield_Bridge7.JPG/220px-Fairfield_Bridge7.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fairfield_Bridge7.JPG/330px-Fairfield_Bridge7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fairfield_Bridge7.JPG/440px-Fairfield_Bridge7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_Bridge" title="Fairfield Bridge">Fairfield Bridge</a>, in central Hamilton.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Claudlands_Bridge,_Hamilton,_Waikato,_New_Zealand,_3_April_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Claudlands_Bridge%2C_Hamilton%2C_Waikato%2C_New_Zealand%2C_3_April_2008.jpg/220px-Claudlands_Bridge%2C_Hamilton%2C_Waikato%2C_New_Zealand%2C_3_April_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Claudlands_Bridge%2C_Hamilton%2C_Waikato%2C_New_Zealand%2C_3_April_2008.jpg/330px-Claudlands_Bridge%2C_Hamilton%2C_Waikato%2C_New_Zealand%2C_3_April_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Claudlands_Bridge%2C_Hamilton%2C_Waikato%2C_New_Zealand%2C_3_April_2008.jpg/440px-Claudlands_Bridge%2C_Hamilton%2C_Waikato%2C_New_Zealand%2C_3_April_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Claudlands Bridge, Waikato</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Claudelands_Train_bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Claudelands_Train_bridge.jpg/220px-Claudelands_Train_bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Claudelands_Train_bridge.jpg/330px-Claudelands_Train_bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Claudelands_Train_bridge.jpg/440px-Claudelands_Train_bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Claudelands Bridge, Hamilton, NZ. Taken from just below the Bridge Street bridge.</figcaption></figure> The six road bridges that cross the river<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> are often the focus of morning and evening traffic delays. The six road bridges within the city are (from north to south): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pukete_Bridge" title="Pukete Bridge">Pukete Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_Bridge" title="Fairfield Bridge">Fairfield Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitiora_Bridge" title="Whitiora Bridge">Whitiora Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudelands_Bridge" title="Claudelands Bridge">Claudelands Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Bridge,_Hamilton" title="Victoria Bridge, Hamilton">Victoria Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobham_Bridge" title="Cobham Bridge">Cobham Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Ara_Pekapeka_Bridge" title="Te Ara Pekapeka Bridge">Te Ara Pekapeka Bridge</a></li></ul> In addition to the road bridges within the city, the <a href="/wiki/Horotiu#Bridges" title="Horotiu">Horotiu bridge</a> is located approximately 10 km north of the city centre and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_21#Narrows_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand State Highway 21">Narrows Bridge</a> approximately 10 km to the south. The Narrows bridge was closed for reconstruction of its piles in September 2010.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> In Jan 2011 widening of the 1 km approach road Wairere Drive to Pukete bridge began. The bridge was expanded to 4 lanes in early 2013. The river is also crossed by a rail bridge and a pedestrian bridge: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claudelands_Bridge" title="Claudelands Bridge">Claudelands Rail Bridge</a></li> <li>Pukete – Flagstaff Pedestrian / Sewer Bridge (see <a href="#Sewage">Sewage section</a> below)</li></ul> Funding for a walking and cycling bridge over the Waikato River that would connect <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Park,_Hamilton" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial Park, Hamilton">Memorial Park</a> to the CBD was re-allocated in Hamilton City Council's 2024-2034 Long Term Plan.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buses">Buses</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Buses">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_transport_in_Hamilton_and_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transport in Hamilton and Waikato">Public transport in Hamilton and Waikato</a></div>Hamilton has buses linking the CBD to most of its suburbs. It also has three high-frequency bus services named Orbiter, Comet and the newly created Meteor service. The Orbiter service loops Hamilton City in both clockwise and anti-clockwise directions connecting Rotokauri Transport Hub, Rototuna, Chartwell, University, CBD South, Hospital, Dinsdale and Wintec Rotokauri Campus.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> The Comet service runs north to south and vice-versa connecting the southern suburbs to the Hospital, CBD, Transport Centre, Te Rapa and The Base shopping centre. The Meteor service runs east to west and vice-versa connecting the south-eastern suburbs to the University, Hamilton East, CBD, Transport Centre, western suburbs, Wintec Rotokauri and the Rotokauri Transport Hub. The high frequency buses run every 15 minutes during peak times. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Rail">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stations">Stations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Stations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Railway_Station,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Railway Station, New Zealand">Hamilton Railway Station, New Zealand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Central_railway_station,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Central railway station, Waikato">Hamilton Central railway station, Waikato</a></div> Hamilton City has two railway stations, both servicing the Auckland to Waikato train service, <a href="/wiki/Te_Huia" title="Te Huia">Te Huia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Rotokauri_railway_station" title="Rotokauri railway station">Rotokauri station</a> (also known as the <a href="/wiki/Rotokauri_Transport_Hub" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotokauri Transport Hub">Rotokauri Transport Hub</a>) is located in <a href="/wiki/Rotokauri" title="Rotokauri">Rotokauri</a> behind The Base shopping centre in Hamilton North. The main <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_railway_station,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton railway station, New Zealand">Hamilton station</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Frankton,_Hamilton" title="Frankton, Hamilton">Frankton</a> at the junction of the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Main_Trunk_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="East Coast Main Trunk Railway">East Coast Main Trunk</a> line (ECMT) and the <a href="/wiki/North_Island_Main_Trunk" title="North Island Main Trunk">North Island Main Trunk</a> line (NIMT). <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Central_railway_station,_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Central railway station, Waikato">A disused platform on the ECMT</a> lies beneath the <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">CBD</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> In 2006, a study was done into a <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Connection#Potential_reintroduction" title="Waikato Connection">possible re-introduction of daily commuter train services to Auckland</a> and the benefits that might flow from it.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> The new service, dubbed <a href="/wiki/Te_Huia" title="Te Huia">Te Huia</a>, commenced on 6 April 2021. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Freight">Freight</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Freight">edit</a>]</div> Hamilton's rail network serves as a major hub for the distribution of dairy products to the ports of Auckland and Tauranga. This hub is located on Crawford St, on land that was formerly part of the <a href="/wiki/Te_Rapa#Te_Rapa_Marshalling_Yard" title="Te Rapa">Te Rapa Marshalling Yard</a>, just north of the locomotive depot.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Te Rapa is at the northern end of the 25 kV AC 50 Hz electrification between Hamilton and <a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Preserved_stock">Preserved stock</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Preserved stock">edit</a>]</div> Hamilton also has two locomotives on display: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NZR_F_class" title="NZR F class">NZR F class</a> 230 was donated by <a href="/wiki/Ellis_and_Burnand" title="Ellis and Burnand">Ellis & Burnand</a>, the central North Island sawmillers, in 1956 for static display. Formerly used as the yard engine at their Mangapehi sawmill, it was placed on display at Lake Rotoroa and its boiler filled with concrete. This engine has become a 0-4-2ST in later years following the loss of her rear coupling rod.</li> <li>NZR DSA 230 (TMS DSA359), a 0-6-0DM diesel shunting locomotive built by English Electric for the Drewry Car Company, was withdrawn in 1986 and placed on display at Frankton minus its Gardner 8L3 diesel engine and transmission. It was moved in the early 2000s with its shelter to <a href="/wiki/Forest_Lake,_New_Zealand#Minogue_Park" title="Forest Lake, New Zealand">Minogue Park</a>, where it was united with an open seating wagon built on the underframe of wagon W 960, built in 1946 and converted to Way & Works wagon E 7784 in April 1966.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_railway_settlement">The railway settlement</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: The railway settlement">edit</a>]</div> From the arrival of the railway in Hamilton, Frankton was a <a href="/wiki/Railway_town" title="Railway town">railway town</a>. In 1923, the suburb became even more railway-orientated when the Frankton Junction Railway House Factory opened, producing the famous <a href="/wiki/George_Troup_(architect)" title="George Troup (architect)">George Troup</a> designed railway houses sent to many North Island railway settlements, which are now sought-after pieces of real estate. Its 60 workers<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> produced almost 1400 pre-fabricated railway houses at a peak rate of 400 a year, using rimu and matai from the railway's central North Island forests. When, in 1926, government cuts reduced the need for railway houses, the factory also started to supply houses for local councils.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Those supplied to <a href="/wiki/Waiwhet%C5%AB" title="Waiwhetū">Lower Hutt</a> were claimed to be £500 cheaper than comparable houses.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> The sawmill also produced everything else such as signal masts and boxes, bridges, sleepers, and even furniture for railway stations. It was too efficient for private builders, who got the housing factory closed in 1929. When it finally closed in the 1990s it was very dilapidated, but <a href="/wiki/NZHPT" class="mw-redirect" title="NZHPT">NZHPT</a> supported restoration of the Category 1 historic place, retaining original windows, big sliding doors and the saw-tooth roof.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> It is now home to a range of businesses.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Frankton also was home to the Way and Works depot, still in operation as the KiwiRail Network depot. This was connected to the main line by a short siding that ran past the factory; this line was last used in 1997 when a shunting locomotive retrieved two flat wagons from the Way and Works depot. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The railway workers' community was centred largely around the W&W depot and sawmill, containing some 200 houses and a Railways Social Hall.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Many of the houses are still in place, the majority being the classic 90sq2 three-bedroom design used as standard across New Zealand for railway staff.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Waikato,_New_Zealand#Hamilton_City" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools in Waikato, New Zealand">List of schools in Waikato, New Zealand § Hamilton City</a></div> Hamilton is home to more than 40,000 tertiary students, mostly enrolled in one of the city's three main tertiary institutes; the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waikato" title="University of Waikato">University of Waikato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Institute_of_Technology" title="Waikato Institute of Technology">Waikato Institute of Technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Te_Wananga_o_Aotearoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Wananga o Aotearoa">Te Wananga o Aotearoa</a>. The city is also home to 53 schools both private and state-owned. As well as state and private primary, intermediate and high schools, it also notably includes a number of <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language_revival" title="Māori language revival">Kura Kaupapa Māori</a> primary schools offering education in the Māori language. The city has seven state secondary schools, in a clockwise direction from north: Rototuna High School in Rototuna, <a href="/wiki/Fairfield_College" title="Fairfield College">Fairfield College</a> in Fairfield, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Boys%27_High_School" title="Hamilton Boys' High School">Hamilton Boys' High School</a> in Hamilton East, <a href="/wiki/Hillcrest_High_School_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillcrest High School (New Zealand)">Hillcrest High School</a> in Silverdale, <a href="/wiki/Melville_High_School" title="Melville High School">Melville High School</a> in Melville, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Girls%27_High_School" title="Hamilton Girls' High School">Hamilton Girls' High School</a> in the central city, and <a href="/wiki/Fraser_High_School,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraser High School, New Zealand">Fraser High School</a> in Nawton. Both Boys' and Girls' High offer boarding facilities. A new state secondary school is opened for the Rototuna area to serve the booming north-eastern corner of the city. The project had been delayed several years as the previous secondary school serving the area, Fairfield College, was below capacity. The new secondary school opened in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-TwoNewSchools-178">[178]</a> Additionally, Hamilton is home to a number of <a href="/wiki/State-integrated_school" title="State-integrated school">state-integrated</a> and private schools. There are numerous state-integrated <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> primary schools throughout the city. <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Girls_College,_Hamilton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Heart Girls College, Hamilton">Sacred Heart Girls College</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Hamilton" title="St John's College, Hamilton">St John's College</a> are the integrated Catholic high schools, for girls and boys respectively. <a href="/wiki/Southwell_School" title="Southwell School">Southwell School</a> is a private co-educational <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> primary school. <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Diocesan_School_for_Girls" class="mw-redirect" title="Waikato Diocesan School for Girls">Waikato Diocesan School for Girls</a> is an integrated Anglican high school.'<a href="#cite_note-TwoNewSchools-178">[178]</a> <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Collegiate_School" title="St Paul's Collegiate School">St Paul's Collegiate School</a> is a private high school for boys, also accepting girls from Year 11. All three Anglican schools are boarding and day schools. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton_Christian_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamilton Christian School (page does not exist)">Hamilton Christian School</a> is a private coeducational nondenominational Christian school for Years 1–13, founded in 1982. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilities">Utilities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Utilities">edit</a>]</div> Although telegraph came to Hamilton with the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Waikato" title="Invasion of the Waikato">1864 invasion</a> which established the town, it was quite late in developing its gas (1895), water (1903), sewage (1907) and electricity supplies (1913), probably because its population remained low; in 1911 Hamilton's population was 3,542 and Frankton's 1,113.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Optical cables and microwave towers now provide telecommunications links, gas is supplied by pipeline from Taranaki, water from the Waikato River by the Water Treatment Station at Waiora Terrace, sewage flows for treatment at Pukete and electricity is supplied from the national grid. Restrictions are still placed on garden sprinklers in summer and the Pukete sewage works was still not always meeting discharge <a href="/wiki/Resource_consent" title="Resource consent">Resource consent</a> conditions in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-404_-_Hamilton_City_Council-180">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telephone">Telephone</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Telephone">edit</a>]</div> A <a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph" title="Electrical telegraph">telegraph</a> line from Auckland came shortly after the invasion,<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> reaching Whatawhata, Te Awamutu and Cambridge by October 1864.<a href="#cite_note-Zealand-182">[182]</a> <a href="/wiki/Telephone#Early_development" title="Telephone">Telephones</a> came to Hamilton from 1882.<a href="#cite_note-Zealand-182">[182]</a> Hamilton got a <a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange#History" title="Telephone exchange">telephone exchange</a> in 1904 with 39 subscribers.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> Hamilton telephones were put on an <a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange#Early_automatic_exchanges" title="Telephone exchange">automatic exchange</a> between 1915<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> and 1920.<a href="#cite_note-Zealand-182">[182]</a> From the 1950s Hamilton was linked into the network of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_masts#Height" title="New Zealand masts">microwave towers</a> via the towers at <a href="/wiki/Te_Aroha" title="Te Aroha">Te Aroha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Te_Uku_Wind_Farm#Microwave_tower" title="Te Uku Wind Farm">Te Uku</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gas">Gas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Gas">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Gas_Company" title="Auckland Gas Company">Auckland Gas Company</a> had been set up in 1862, but it wasn't until the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/hga189559v1895n1287.pdf">Hamilton Gasworks Act 1895</a> that Henry Atkinson (son of the manager of Auckland gasworks)<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> was allowed to set up a gasworks in Clarence St on allotment 322 (see photo of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://ketehamilton.peoplesnetworknz.info/hamilton_streets/topics/show/339-clarence-street">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016140004/http://ketehamilton.peoplesnetworknz.info/hamilton_streets/topics/show/339-clarence-street">Archived</a> 16 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) and put gas pipes under the streets. Work started on laying about 50 tons of pipes in July 1895.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1967_4_Apr_Clarence_St_gasworks,_Hamilton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/1967_4_Apr_Clarence_St_gasworks%2C_Hamilton.jpg/220px-1967_4_Apr_Clarence_St_gasworks%2C_Hamilton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/1967_4_Apr_Clarence_St_gasworks%2C_Hamilton.jpg/330px-1967_4_Apr_Clarence_St_gasworks%2C_Hamilton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/1967_4_Apr_Clarence_St_gasworks%2C_Hamilton.jpg/440px-1967_4_Apr_Clarence_St_gasworks%2C_Hamilton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://natlib.govt.nz/records/22797483">Clarence St gasworks in 1967</a> with Pembroke Rd, Pembroke La, Thackeray St, Tristram St in background – Hamilton, including city buildings.</figcaption></figure> It also allowed the city to purchase after 12 years at a price determined by arbitration.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> A 1907 referendum authorised the city council to take over the gasworks. In 1911 the Privy Council set the purchase price at £34,402/14/3d ($5.7m at 2017 prices),<a href="#cite_note-:3-188">[188]</a> half of which was for <a href="/wiki/Goodwill_(accounting)" title="Goodwill (accounting)">goodwill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> A 100,000 cubic feet (2,800 m3) <a href="/wiki/Gas_holder" title="Gas holder">gasholder</a> was authorised in 1911.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> In 1913 the works was expanded and mains laid over the railway bridge into Hamilton East and along Ohaupo Rd.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> As well as gas, <a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">coke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coal_tar" title="Coal tar">tar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tar#Uses" title="Tar">tar paint</a> were produced.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> Additions were made to the works as late as 1961.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Waikato coal was mixed with coal shipped via <a href="/wiki/Greymouth" title="Greymouth">Greymouth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raglan,_New_Zealand" title="Raglan, New Zealand">Raglan</a> from 1964 until 25 March 1970, when Hamilton switched to natural gas and the gasworks closed. The site was cleaned up after demolition in the 1990s, but is still monitored by Regional Council for contamination.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Hamilton was one of the original nine towns and cities in the North Island to be supplied with natural gas when the <a href="/wiki/Kapuni" title="Kapuni">Kapuni gas field</a> enters production in 1970. Gas from the Kapuni field in south Taranaki was transported north via a 373 km long, 200 mm diameter pipeline to Papakura in south Auckland, with Hamilton supplied via an offtake at Temple View.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Water">edit</a>]</div> By 1890 complaints were being made of a shortage of water in the wells and tanks.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> In 1902, a poll of ratepayers approved borrowing £5,000 to set up a water supply.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> In 1903 3.2 km (2 mi) of pipes supplied water to 80 properties in Victoria, Anglesea, Collingwood, Clarence and Selkirk streets and the borough turncock reported average use at 15 imperial gallons (68 L) a day<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> (average consumption is now 224 litres (49 imp gal) a day).<a href="#cite_note-HCC2010-199">[199]</a> By 1908 nearly all of Hamilton West had piped water, extended to Frankton and Claudelands in 1912.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-200">[200]</a> A contract to pump the water into a tower was let in 1912.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> By 1916<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> a 75-foot-high (23 m) water tower on Lake Rd<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-203">[203]</a> had been built to give extra pressure, mainly for the Fire Brigade<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> whose station opened in 1917.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Use was reported as 6,942,000 imperial gallons (31,558,957 L) in the month of August 1918.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> In 1931 the system was upgraded, with larger pipes and an 86 ft (26 m) tower on Ruakiwi Rd, holding 2,600,000 imp gal (11,819,834 L).<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> Until 1939 on Sundays visitors could climb the tower for 6d.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> The old tower remained until 1966.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Water_purification" title="Water purification">treatment works</a> was built in 1923,<a href="#cite_note-auto-210">[210]</a> using <a href="/wiki/Rapid_sand_filter#Design_and_operation" title="Rapid sand filter">candy filters</a> and supplying water at 75psi.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-203">[203]</a> The 1930 Hillsborough Terrace Water Treatment Station had a maximum continuous capacity slightly over 30 megalitres per day (ML/d). By 1970 peak demands exceeded 45 ML/d with the average annual daily demand being around 25 ML/d, but the site was too small to expand. So Waiora Terrace Station, Glenview (opposite Hamilton Gardens), was commissioned in mid 1971. It was designed for a maximum capacity of 65 ML/d, expandable to 190 ML/d,<a href="#cite_note-HCC1989-211">[211]</a> was increased to approximately 85ML/d with the addition of <a href="/wiki/Water_purification#Coagulation_and_flocculation" title="Water purification">polymer dosing</a> in the 1980s<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> and by 2010 had a capacity of 106 ML/d.<a href="#cite_note-HCC2010-199">[199]</a> It was built to a <a href="/wiki/Black_%26_Veatch#Company_Timeline" title="Black & Veatch">Patterson Candy</a> design with coagulation, rapid sand gravity filtration and chlorine gas disinfection.<a href="#cite_note-WIO2006-213">[213]</a> Chlorine is added at 0.3 ppm and <a href="/wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Water fluoridation controversy">fluoride</a> has been added since 1966, though with a brief withdrawal in 2013/14 and referendums supporting it in 2006<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> and <a href="/wiki/2013_Hamilton_local_elections_and_referendums" title="2013 Hamilton local elections and referendums">2013</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> The river water has 0.2 to 0.4 ppm<a href="#cite_note-HCC1989-211">[211]</a> fluoride which is increased to around 0.75ppm<a href="#cite_note-HCC2010-199">[199]</a> through the station. Arsenic <a href="/wiki/Waikato_River#Environmental_issues" title="Waikato River">in the Waikato River</a> is also monitored. It can be about 3 times above the <a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a> limit, but treatment effects a 5-fold reduction to a level which meets the standards.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> From river level the water is pumped up to 8 reservoirs, which uses 410 kWh of power for each million litres of water pumped.<a href="#cite_note-HCC2010-199">[199]</a> To cope with river levels below the intake pipes, a floating pumping platform was installed in 2016. It can pump up to 70 million litres a day.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> Average use in 2010 was 224 litres per day per person. The 2006 population was 129,249, so total annual consumption was a bit over 10,000 million litres, using over 4 million kWh.<a href="#cite_note-HCC2010-199">[199]</a> A <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180507090035/http://gisviewer.hcc.govt.nz/templates/3Waters/">Hamilton City map</a> shows the location of water, stormwater and sewage infrastructure and a description of the water distribution system is in this <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhigroup.com/upload/publications/mikenet/Zhang_Hamilton_City.pdf">2001 HCC Strategic Planning document</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reservoirs">Reservoirs</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Reservoirs">edit</a>]</div> A 24 million litre reservoir opened at Kay Road in north <a href="/wiki/Rototuna" title="Rototuna">Rototuna</a> in 2017,<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> providing Hamilton's ninth reservoir, the others being at <a href="/wiki/Western_Heights,_Hamilton" title="Western Heights, Hamilton">Dinsdale</a> (2), <a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Hamilton" title="Fairfield, Hamilton">Fairfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillcrest,_Hamilton" title="Hillcrest, Hamilton">Hillcrest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maeroa" title="Maeroa">Maeroa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pukete" title="Pukete">Pukete</a> and, as above, at Ruakiwi.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> A 12 million litre reservoir will be added at <a href="/wiki/Ruakura" title="Ruakura">Ruakura</a> in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sewage">Sewage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Sewage">edit</a>]</div> Sewage long lagged behind other utilities. Initially <a href="/wiki/Quarter_acre" title="Quarter acre">sections</a> were large enough for <a href="/wiki/Septic_tank" title="Septic tank">septic tanks</a> to work as well as they could in <a href="/wiki/Waikato_Plains" title="Waikato Plains">peatlands</a>, but it wasn't long before the 1882 drainage scheme<a href="#cite_note-auto-210">[210]</a> was used for sewage connections. By 1904 complaints were being made about the blocked insanitary drain between Victoria and Anglesea Streets, resulting in a faltering start on a <a href="/wiki/Night_soil" title="Night soil">night soil</a> service. The 1907 referendum, which approved purchase of the gasworks also agreed to raise a loan for sewage pipes (though rejected a plan for a steam<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> tram).<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-200">[200]</a> In 1917 Mayor <a href="/wiki/John_William_Ellis" title="John William Ellis">Ellis</a> rejected the Health Minister's suggestion, saying it was impossible to afford a sewage farm.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> By 1919 only about a third of the city had sewers,<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> but between 1923 and 1925 "considerable progress" was made and sewage reticulation was further extended in 1933. However, there was a sewage related epidemic in <a href="/wiki/Melville,_New_Zealand" title="Melville, New Zealand">Melville</a> in 1940 and Melville, Fairfield and Hillcrest were added to the sewer network from 1949. Although by 1956 80% of Hamilton had sewage pipes, it was only piped to 14 septic tanks (17 when replaced in 1976<a href="#cite_note-HCSS-224">[224]</a>), which were emptied several times a year, either into the Waitawhirwhiri Stream, or directly into the Waikato.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-200">[200]</a> In 1956 the Pollution Advisory Council said, "the daily flow of sewage effluent and trade wastes from Hamilton City is three million gallons… in effect, partly digested sludge and raw sewage is being disposed of into the Waikato River". Downstream from Hamilton contaminants increased 10 times between the 1950s and the early 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016140005/http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/wpa19531953n104253/">1953 Water Pollution Act</a> set up a Pollution Advisory Council, but it had no control powers until 1963.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sewer_bridge_at_Pukete,_Hamilton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sewer_bridge_at_Pukete%2C_Hamilton.jpg/220px-Sewer_bridge_at_Pukete%2C_Hamilton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sewer_bridge_at_Pukete%2C_Hamilton.jpg/330px-Sewer_bridge_at_Pukete%2C_Hamilton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sewer_bridge_at_Pukete%2C_Hamilton.jpg/440px-Sewer_bridge_at_Pukete%2C_Hamilton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Pukete sewer bridge 165m long 14 m high built mid 1970s. Photo 2015.</figcaption></figure> In 1964, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(New_Zealand)" title="Ministry of Health (New Zealand)">Department of Health</a> ordered adequate treatment for the sewage. Steven and Fitzmaurice, Consulting Engineers, presented a plan to Council early in 1966. There was some work on piping new areas in 1966, but work on the major <a href="/wiki/Sanitary_sewer#Nomenclature" title="Sanitary sewer">trunks and interceptors</a> didn't start until 1969 and building at Pukete sewage works started in January 1972. The first sewage was treated in July 1975 and was fully connected early in 1977.<a href="#cite_note-HCSS-224">[224]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sewer_bridge_at_Tauhara_Gully,_Hamilton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sewer_bridge_at_Tauhara_Gully%2C_Hamilton.jpg/220px-Sewer_bridge_at_Tauhara_Gully%2C_Hamilton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sewer_bridge_at_Tauhara_Gully%2C_Hamilton.jpg/330px-Sewer_bridge_at_Tauhara_Gully%2C_Hamilton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sewer_bridge_at_Tauhara_Gully%2C_Hamilton.jpg/440px-Sewer_bridge_at_Tauhara_Gully%2C_Hamilton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2818" data-file-height="1369" /></a><figcaption>Prestressed concrete box girder bridge over Kirikiriroa Stream at Tauhara Gully. Photo 2015.</figcaption></figure> The trunk lines needed a 165-metre-long (541 ft) bridge, about 14 m (46 ft) above the Waikato, another prestressed concrete <a href="/wiki/Box_girder_bridge" title="Box girder bridge">box girder bridge</a> over Kirikiriroa Stream at Tauhara Gully and 2 steel pipe bridges over other gullies. The River bridge was designed by Murray-North Partners and the others by council engineers.<a href="#cite_note-HCSS-224">[224]</a> The Pukete sewage works cost $12.5m ($160m at 2015 prices). It now cleans 40 million litres (11,000,000 US gal)/day, which is aerated for about 2 hours in a <a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment#Primary_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">sedimentation tank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment#Disinfection" title="Sewage treatment">disinfected with chlorine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide#As_a_reducing_agent" title="Sulfur dioxide">dechlorinated with sulphur dioxide</a> and discharged into the Waikato through a diffuser <a href="/wiki/Outfall" title="Outfall">outfall</a> on the river bed.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> <a href="/wiki/Beca_Group" title="Beca Group">CH2M Beca</a>, successor to the previous engineers, upgraded the plant from 1998 to 2002 to improve nitrogen, <a href="/wiki/Biochemical_oxygen_demand" title="Biochemical oxygen demand">BOD</a> and suspended solids levels, with a change from chlorination to <a href="/wiki/Disinfectant" title="Disinfectant">UV treatment</a> and biogas and natural gas 1.5 million watts (2,000 hp) <a href="/wiki/Cogeneration#Types_of_plants" title="Cogeneration">cogeneration units</a>, able to power the treatment processes and export surplus to the grid.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> A further 5 year upgrade started about 2009 expanding and improving the plant, including phosphorus removal.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> Despite the improvements there have been on-going problems. In 2012 the council was prosecuted for a sewage sludge spill<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> and consent conditions were breached in 2013 due to a bacterial problem.<a href="#cite_note-404_-_Hamilton_City_Council-180">[180]</a> In 2014 up to 800 m3 (180,000 imp gal) of untreated sewage got into the river.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> There are also problems with pumping stations. Out of over 130, up to 20 fail each month.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electricity">Electricity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Electricity">edit</a>]</div> Hamilton was also late in getting electricity. <a href="/wiki/Reefton_Power_Station" title="Reefton Power Station">Reefton</a> had electricity from 1888. Some Hamiltonians had their own <a href="/wiki/Dynamo#Practical_designs" title="Dynamo">dynamos</a> from about 1912, the year the first licence was given for building lines and a generating plant in the Frankton Town Board area. It cost over £8,000 (about $1.3m in 2017 prices)<a href="#cite_note-:3-188">[188]</a> for the initial network, powered by two 45 kW (60 hp) <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">DC</a> <a href="/wiki/Brush_Electrical_Machines" title="Brush Electrical Machines">Brush</a> generators in Kent St, driven by two 4-cylinder 90 hp (67 kW) suction <a href="/wiki/Gas_engine" title="Gas engine">gas engines</a> (suction gas engines used low pressure gas from coal<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a>), which started on 23 April 1913 (officially opened by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/William_Massey" title="William Massey">Massey</a> on 4 June). Lighting was provided for streets, houses and the Empire Hotel in Frankton, initially only from 7.30am to 5pm, using a labourer, a meter reader and two linesmen. Electricity was sold at 10d (2015 equivalent $15) per kWh. The first Chief Electrical Engineer was Mr A Beale, followed by <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Mandeno" title="Lloyd Mandeno">Lloyd Mandeno</a>, (1913–1916) and Israel (Jack) Webster, who stayed for nearly 40 years. From May 1916, Hamilton was connected and, in 1917, the supply area was widened to a 5-mile radius and an 80 kW (110 hp) and then two more 45 kW (60 hp) sets were added at Kent St.<a href="#cite_note-WEL-234">[234]</a> Despite this, by 1920, Frankton was unable to cope with demand. The <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Hamilton,_New_Zealand#List_of_Mayors_of_Hamilton" title="Mayor of Hamilton, New Zealand">mayor</a>, P H Watts, proposed buying a second-hand steam plant for £17,000, but it was rejected at a poll on 23 April 1920. The mayor, 6 councillors and the electricity staff all resigned.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> The problem was resolved by a link to <a href="/wiki/Horahora_Power_Station" title="Horahora Power Station">Horahora Power Station</a> completed, like Frankton, in 1913. In 1919 it was bought by the government and, by 1921, an 11 kV AC line linked it to Hamilton.,<a href="#cite_note-WEL-234">[234]</a> allowing the "noisy, smoky", Kent St power station to close in July 1922,<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> by which time it was rated at 170 kW.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> There were over 1,500 connections in Hamilton by 1923. <a href="/wiki/Undergrounding" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergrounding">Undergrounding</a> began in 1926, when the 11 kV cable was extended from Peachgrove Rd to Seddon Rd sub-station. By 1928 the council had 3,381 consumers and charges were down to 6d per kWh for lighting and 2d per kWh for power and heating. By 1935 4,458 were connected, with 55 mi (89 km) of line and lighting was down another penny. By 1950, the 11 kV rings in Hamilton East and Claudelands were finished. Soon afterwards <a href="/wiki/Mercury-vapor_lamp" title="Mercury-vapor lamp">mercury vapor street lighting</a> was installed in London Street and Norton Rd. 33kV gas- and oil-filled cables were laid from 1960 and switched on in April 1974. By 1987 there were 12,247 connections, 291 km (181 mi) of line and charges down to 6.577c/kWh<a href="#cite_note-WEL-234">[234]</a> (about 13c in 2015 prices). In 2015 prices varied from 11.31 to 22.92 cents per kWh.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Statutes_of_New_Zealand_(1984%E2%80%9390)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Statutes of New Zealand (1984–90)">Legislation</a> in 1988 amalgamated the Central Waikato Electric Power Board with Hamilton's Electricity Division from April 1989 as Waikato Electricity Limited,<a href="#cite_note-WEL-234">[234]</a> now known as <a href="/wiki/WEL_Networks" title="WEL Networks">WEL Networks</a>,<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> one of the <a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_New_Zealand" title="Electricity sector in New Zealand">distribution</a> companies. Hamilton now has a 220kV link to the <a href="/wiki/National_Grid_(New_Zealand)" title="National Grid (New Zealand)">National Grid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transpower_New_Zealand" title="Transpower New Zealand">Transpower</a> provides for a peak load of 187MW, expected to rise to 216MW by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a>, former Prime Minister of New Zealand, born in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Baird" title="Craig Baird">Craig Baird</a>, racing car driver, born in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayden_Bezzant" title="Jayden Bezzant">Jayden Bezzant</a>, basketball player.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Helen Clark</a>, former Prime Minister of New Zealand, administrator of the UN Development Programme, born in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanel_Cole" title="Chanel Cole">Chanel Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Idol" title="Australian Idol">Australian Idol</a> contestant and member of Australian band Spook, born in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Collins" title="Judith Collins">Judith Collins</a>, former Leader of the New Zealand National Party and the Opposition, born in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Donald" title="Stephen Donald">Stephen Donald</a>, All Black.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Doleman" title="Guy Doleman">Guy Doleman</a>, film actor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_van_der_Drift" title="Chris van der Drift">Chris van der Drift</a>, racecar driver.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howden_Ganley" title="Howden Ganley">Howden Ganley</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> racing car driver, born in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Gatland" title="Warren Gatland">Warren Gatland</a>, Most capped Waikato Rugby player in history, born in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gillies" title="Daniel Gillies">Daniel Gillies</a>, film actor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimbra" title="Kimbra">Kimbra Johnson</a>, Grammy winning musician.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendon_Julian" title="Brendon Julian">Brendon Julian</a>, Former Australian and WACA Cricketer and Fox Sports Commentator.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Katene" title="Luke Katene">Luke Katene</a>, Rugby union player and Māori All Black</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Lawrence_(musician)" title="Ashley Lawrence (musician)">Ashley Lawrence</a>, conductor, born in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leong_(footballer)" title="Arthur Leong (footballer)">Arthur Leong</a>, NZ football player and captain 1959–64, lives in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Lill" title="Denis Lill">Denis Lill</a>, actor, known for playing Sir Talbot Buxomly in <a href="/wiki/Blackadder_the_Third" title="Blackadder the Third">Blackadder the Third</a>, born in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Lovegrove" title="Gavin Lovegrove">Gavin Lovegrove</a>, athlete, born in Hamilton.</li> <li>Dame <a href="/wiki/Malvina_Major" title="Malvina Major">Malvina Major</a>, opera singer, born in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mitchell_(rugby_player)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Mitchell (rugby player)">John Mitchell</a>, former rugby player, and former New Zealand All Blacks coach.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_McLaughlin_(racing_driver)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott McLaughlin (racing driver)">Scott McLaughlin</a>, racecar driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjali_Mulari" title="Anjali Mulari">Anjali Mulari</a>, New Zealand international ice and inline hockey player, lives in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_O%27Brien" title="Richard O'Brien">Richard O'Brien</a>, creator of the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Horror_Picture_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocky Horror Picture Show">Rocky Horror Picture Show</a>, lived in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Porter_(racing_driver)" title="Mark Porter (racing driver)">Mark Porter</a>, racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Quax" title="Dick Quax">Dick Quax</a>, Olympic silver medallist and world record breaking runner, raised and educated in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Reddy" title="Patsy Reddy">Dame Patsy Reddy</a>, lawyer and Governor-General, raised and educated in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rojas" title="Marco Rojas">Marco Rojas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Victory" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Victory">Melbourne Victory</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_men%27s_national_football_team" title="New Zealand men's national football team">New Zealand men's national football team</a> Midfielder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sargeson" title="Frank Sargeson">Frank Sargeson</a>, author, born in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_S._Schofield" class="mw-redirect" title="Gary S. Schofield">Gary S. Schofield</a>, artist, raised and educated in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Scott_(footballer)" title="Aaron Scott (footballer)">Aaron Scott (footballer)</a>, former <a href="/wiki/All_Whites" class="mw-redirect" title="All Whites">All Whites</a> player and educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayne_Scott" title="Kayne Scott">Kayne Scott</a>, racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vida_Steinert" title="Vida Steinert">Vida Steinert</a>, painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Styris" title="Scott Styris">Scott Styris</a>, NZ cricketer, raised and educated in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enid_Tapsell" title="Enid Tapsell">Enid Tapsell</a> (1903–1975), nurse, community leader, activist, writer, and local politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Vettori" title="Daniel Vettori">Daniel Vettori</a>, NZ cricketer, lives in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phum_Viphurit" title="Phum Viphurit">Phum Viphurit</a>, Thai-born singer-songwriter, raised in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Walker" title="Stan Walker">Stan Walker</a>, Australian Idol Winner and singer-songwriter, educated in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallin_Watene-Zelezniak" title="Dallin Watene-Zelezniak">Dallin Watene-Zelezniak</a>, rugby league player for the <a href="/wiki/NZ_Warriors" class="mw-redirect" title="NZ Warriors">NZ Warriors</a>, was born in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Whitehead" title="Gillian Whitehead">Gillian Karawe Whitehead</a>, composer, born in Hamilton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Wiles" title="Terry Wiles">Terry Wiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thalidomide" title="Thalidomide">thalidomide</a> victim and subject of the film <a href="/wiki/On_Giant%27s_Shoulders" title="On Giant's Shoulders">On Giant's Shoulders</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Sister cities">edit</a>]</div> Hamilton has five <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister cities</a>:<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a>, People's Republic of China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saitama,_Saitama" class="mw-redirect" title="Saitama, Saitama">Saitama</a>, Japan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, People's Republic of China<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a>, Belgium</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSpratt2006" class="citation web cs1">Spratt, Amanda (12 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10372245">"'Boring' Hamilton: wish you were here?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a>. 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Retrieved 3 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hamilton+City+Council&rft.atitle=What%26%23039%3Bs+changing+in+this+Long-Term+Plan%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhamilton.govt.nz%2Fstrategies-plans-and-projects%2Ffuture-hamilton%2Fwhats-new-in-this-long-term-plan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.busit.co.nz/hamilton-routes/orbiter/">"Orbiter"</a>. www.busit.co.nz. Retrieved 3 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.busit.co.nz&rft.atitle=Orbiter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.busit.co.nz%2Fhamilton-routes%2Forbiter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> Source:Waikato museum photo </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Paling_and_Ross_Rutherford2006" class="citation web cs1">Richard Paling and Ross Rutherford (July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101216172028/http://www.ew.govt.nz/PageFiles/2322/hamiltonToAucklandCommuterRailStudy.pdf">"HAMILTON – AUCKLAND COMMUTER RAIL SERVICE FEASIBILITY STUDY Final Report"</a> (PDF). www.ew.govt.nz. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ew.govt.nz/PageFiles/2322/hamiltonToAucklandCommuterRailStudy.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ew.govt.nz&rft.atitle=HAMILTON+%E2%80%93+AUCKLAND+COMMUTER+RAIL+SERVICE+FEASIBILITY+STUDY+Final+Report&rft.date=2006-07&rft.au=Richard+Paling+and+Ross+Rutherford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ew.govt.nz%2FPageFiles%2F2322%2FhamiltonToAucklandCommuterRailStudy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304135354/http://www.waikatoregion.govt.nz/PageFiles/10756/Fonterra%20Crawford%20St%20Fuel%20Efficiencies.pdf">"Fuel efficiency impacts of Fonterra's Crawford St Dairy Freight Hub"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waikatoregion.govt.nz/PageFiles/10756/Fonterra%20Crawford%20St%20Fuel%20Efficiencies.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fuel+efficiency+impacts+of+Fonterra%27s+Crawford+St+Dairy+Freight+Hub&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waikatoregion.govt.nz%2FPageFiles%2F10756%2FFonterra%2520Crawford%2520St%2520Fuel%2520Efficiencies.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170602213514/http://www.nzrsr.co.nz/view_page.php?page=4&search=false&sort=none&order=none">"New Zealand Rolling Stock Register"</a>. www.nzrsr.co.nz. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzrsr.co.nz/view_page.php?page=4&search=false&sort=none&order=none">the original</a> on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nzrsr.co.nz&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+Rolling+Stock+Register&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzrsr.co.nz%2Fview_page.php%3Fpage%3D4%26search%3Dfalse%26sort%3Dnone%26order%3Dnone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historic.org.nz/~/media/Corporate/Files/Publications/AdaptiveReuse.ashx">"photos and information about NZHPT restoration"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=photos+and+information+about+NZHPT+restoration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historic.org.nz%2F~%2Fmedia%2FCorporate%2FFiles%2FPublications%2FAdaptiveReuse.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504013144/https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d">"AtoJs Online — Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives — 1926 Session I — D-02 Page XVIII"</a>. atojs.natlib.govt.nz. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1926-I.1.1867">the original</a> on 4 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=atojs.natlib.govt.nz&rft.atitle=AtoJs+Online+%E2%80%94+Appendix+to+the+Journals+of+the+House+of+Representatives+%E2%80%94+1926+Session+I+%E2%80%94+D-02+Page+XVIII&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fatojs.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fatojs%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DAJHR1926-I.1.1867&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19260202.2.71">"Hutt Settlement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Evening_Post_(New_Zealand)" title="The Evening Post (New Zealand)">The Evening Post</a>. 2 February 1926. p. 8. Retrieved 10 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=Hutt+Settlement&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1926-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FEP19260202.2.71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historic.org.nz/theregister/registersearch/RegisterResults.aspx?RID=4946">"NZHPT listing, photo and details"</a>. Historic.org.nz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NZHPT+listing%2C+photo+and+details&rft.pub=Historic.org.nz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historic.org.nz%2Ftheregister%2Fregistersearch%2FRegisterResults.aspx%3FRID%3D4946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502052840/https://hnzpt-rpod-assets.azureedge.net/iakp5t03/2007-annual-report.pdf">"NZHPT Annual Report 2007"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hnzpt-rpod-assets.azureedge.net/iakp5t03/2007-annual-report.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NZHPT+Annual+Report+2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhnzpt-rpod-assets.azureedge.net%2Fiakp5t03%2F2007-annual-report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historic.org.nz/theregister/registersearch/RegisterResults.aspx?RID=7014">"NZHPT listing, map and details of suburb"</a>. Historic.org.nz. 27 October 1994.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NZHPT+listing%2C+map+and+details+of+suburb&rft.pub=Historic.org.nz&rft.date=1994-10-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historic.org.nz%2Ftheregister%2Fregistersearch%2FRegisterResults.aspx%3FRID%3D7014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> There were two sizes of Railway houses, the classic 90sq2 and the larger 100sq2 which was for management only. All were three-bedroom structures, and came with a choice of six different front porches. </li> <li id="cite_note-TwoNewSchools-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TwoNewSchools_178-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TwoNewSchools_178-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarson2013" class="citation news cs1">Carson, Jonathan (9 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/waikato-times/news/8402847/Two-new-schools-for-Hamilton">"Two new schools for Hamilton"</a>. Waikato Times (via Stuff.co.nz). Retrieved 23 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Two+new+schools+for+Hamilton&rft.date=2013-03-09&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fwaikato-times%2Fnews%2F8402847%2FTwo-new-schools-for-Hamilton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.stats.govt.nz/New_Zealand_Official_Yearbooks/1912/NZOYB_1912.html">1912 New Zealand Yearbook</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150115192818/http://www3.stats.govt.nz/New_Zealand_Official_Yearbooks/1912/NZOYB_1912.html">Archived</a> 15 January 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-404_-_Hamilton_City_Council-180">^ <a href="#cite_ref-404_-_Hamilton_City_Council_180-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-404_-_Hamilton_City_Council_180-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150125144343/http://www.hamilton.govt.nz/our-services/water/wastewater/Pages/Biological-breakdown-at-Wastewater-Plant.aspx">"Biological breakdown at Wastewater Treatment Plant"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hamilton.govt.nz/our-services/water/wastewater/Pages/Biological-breakdown-at-Wastewater-Plant.aspx">the original</a> on 25 January 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biological+breakdown+at+Wastewater+Treatment+Plant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hamilton.govt.nz%2Four-services%2Fwater%2Fwastewater%2FPages%2FBiological-breakdown-at-Wastewater-Plant.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLintockClaude_John_EnrightTaonga" class="citation web cs1">McLintock, Alexander Hare; Claude John Enright, formerly Principal Public Relations Officer; Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/post-office/page-3">"INLAND TELECOMMUNICATIONS"</a>. An encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. 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Retrieved 26 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Struggle+for+Power+%3A+The+Hamilton+Election+of+1920&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fketehamilton.peoplesnetworknz.info%2Fhamilton_heritage%2Ftopics%2Fshow%2F388-struggle-for-power-the-hamilton-election-of-1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> Waikato Times 8 October 1960 page 14 'Hamilton's first electric generating plant' </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/parliamentary/appendix-to-the-journals-of-the-house-of-representatives/1922/I/1354">"Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives 1922 Session PUBLIC WORKS STATEMENT BY THE HON. J. G. COATES, MINISTER OF PUBLIC WORKS"</a>. paperspast.natlib.govt.nz National Library of New Zealand. Retrieved 1 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz+National+Library+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Appendix+to+the+Journals+of+the+House+of+Representatives+1922+Session+PUBLIC+WORKS+STATEMENT+BY+THE+HON.+J.+G.+COATES%2C+MINISTER+OF+PUBLIC+WORKS.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fparliamentary%2Fappendix-to-the-journals-of-the-house-of-representatives%2F1922%2FI%2F1354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102162412/https://www.genesisenergy.co.nz/for-home/pricing-plans/electricity-pricing-plans/hamilton-and-outlying-areas">"Genesis price list for Hamilton"</a>. October 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genesisenergy.co.nz/for-home/pricing-plans/electricity-pricing-plans/hamilton-and-outlying-areas">the original</a> on 2 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Genesis+price+list+for+Hamilton&rft.date=2015-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genesisenergy.co.nz%2Ffor-home%2Fpricing-plans%2Felectricity-pricing-plans%2Fhamilton-and-outlying-areas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151109002415/http://www.wel.co.nz/Meet-WEL-Networks/The-WEL-Networks-Story">"The WEL Networks story"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wel.co.nz/Meet-WEL-Networks/The-WEL-Networks-Story/">the original</a> on 9 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+WEL+Networks+story&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wel.co.nz%2FMeet-WEL-Networks%2FThe-WEL-Networks-Story%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102162412/https://www.transpower.co.nz/sites/default/files/uncontrolled_docs/TPR2015CompleteFINAL.pdf">"Transpower 2015 plans (with maps)"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transpower.co.nz/sites/default/files/uncontrolled_docs/TPR2015CompleteFINAL.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transpower+2015+plans+%28with+maps%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.transpower.co.nz%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Funcontrolled_docs%2FTPR2015CompleteFINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hamilton.govt.nz/your-council/about-council/our-partners/international-relationships/">"International relationships"</a>. Hamilton City Council. 15 June 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hamilton+City+Council&rft.atitle=International+relationships&rft.date=2022-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhamilton.govt.nz%2Fyour-council%2Fabout-council%2Four-partners%2Finternational-relationships%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170412143122/http://www.hamilton.govt.nz/our-city/about-hamilton/internationalrelationships/Pages/Sister%20City%20Programmes%20and%20International%20Partnerships.aspx">"Sister City Programmes and International Partnerships"</a>. Hamilton City Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hamilton.govt.nz/our-city/about-hamilton/internationalrelationships/Pages/Sister%20City%20Programmes%20and%20International%20Partnerships.aspx">the original</a> on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sister+City+Programmes+and+International+Partnerships&rft.pub=Hamilton+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hamilton.govt.nz%2Four-city%2Fabout-hamilton%2Finternationalrelationships%2FPages%2FSister%2520City%2520Programmes%2520and%2520International%2520Partnerships.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Hamilton, New Zealand at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" class="extiw" title="c:Hamilton, New Zealand">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Hamilton_(New_Zealand)" class="extiw" title="voy:Hamilton (New Zealand)">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hamilton.govt.nz/Pages/default.aspx">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200028#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180201075510/http://digital.liby.waikato.ac.nz/nzc/map/img5/047.jpg">1954 map showing stages of growth from 1917</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Adjacent_cities_and_districts29" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Adjacent cities and districts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waikato_District" title="Waikato District">Waikato</a></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Waikato_District" title="Waikato District">Waikato</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" />Hamilton<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Waikato_District" title="Waikato District">Waikato</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waipa_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Waipa District">Waipa</a></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hamilton,_New_Zealand316" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Template:Hamilton, New Zealand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Template talk:Hamilton, New Zealand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hamilton, New Zealand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hamilton,_New_Zealand316" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hamilton, New Zealand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Suburbs_of_Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Suburbs of Hamilton, New Zealand">Suburbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore,_New_Zealand" title="Ashmore, New Zealand">Ashmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beerescourt" title="Beerescourt">Beerescourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callum_Brae" title="Callum Brae">Callum Brae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartwell,_Hamilton" title="Chartwell, Hamilton">Chartwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chedworth_Park" title="Chedworth Park">Chedworth Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudelands" title="Claudelands">Claudelands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawshaw,_New_Zealand" title="Crawshaw, New Zealand">Crawshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deanwell" title="Deanwell">Deanwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinsdale,_New_Zealand" title="Dinsdale, New Zealand">Dinsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enderley" title="Enderley">Enderley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Hamilton" title="Fairfield, Hamilton">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairview_Downs" title="Fairview Downs">Fairview Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzroy,_Hamilton" title="Fitzroy, Hamilton">Fitzroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagstaff,_Hamilton" title="Flagstaff, Hamilton">Flagstaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Lake,_New_Zealand" title="Forest Lake, New Zealand">Forest Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankton,_Hamilton" title="Frankton, Hamilton">Frankton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenview,_New_Zealand" title="Glenview, New Zealand">Glenview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandview_Heights,_New_Zealand" title="Grandview Heights, New Zealand">Grandview Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Central" title="Hamilton Central">Hamilton Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_East,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton East, New Zealand">Hamilton East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Lake_(suburb)" title="Hamilton Lake (suburb)">Hamilton Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_North,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton North, New Zealand">Hamilton North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_West,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton West, New Zealand">Hamilton West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrowfield" title="Harrowfield">Harrowfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillcrest,_Hamilton" title="Hillcrest, Hamilton">Hillcrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington,_New_Zealand" title="Huntington, New Zealand">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingstone,_Hamilton" title="Livingstone, Hamilton">Livingstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maeroa" title="Maeroa">Maeroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magellan_Rise,_New_Zealand" title="Magellan Rise, New Zealand">Magellan Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville,_New_Zealand" title="Melville, New Zealand">Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawton,_New_Zealand" title="Nawton, New Zealand">Nawton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacocke,_New_Zealand" title="Peacocke, New Zealand">Peacocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukete" title="Pukete">Pukete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queenwood" title="Queenwood">Queenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Road,_Hamilton" title="River Road, Hamilton">River Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverlea,_New_Zealand" title="Riverlea, New Zealand">Riverlea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotokauri" title="Rotokauri">Rotokauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rototuna" title="Rototuna">Rototuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruakura" title="Ruakura">Ruakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverdale,_Hamilton" title="Silverdale, Hamilton">Silverdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Heights" title="Somerset Heights">Somerset Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrews,_Hamilton" title="St Andrews, Hamilton">St Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James_Park,_New_Zealand" title="St James Park, New Zealand">St James Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Petersburg,_New_Zealand" title="St Petersburg, New Zealand">St Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonebridge,_New_Zealand" title="Stonebridge, New Zealand">Stonebridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Rapa" title="Te Rapa">Te Rapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_View" title="Temple View">Temple View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornton,_Hamilton" title="Thornton, Hamilton">Thornton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Heights,_Hamilton" title="Western Heights, Hamilton">Western Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitiora" title="Whitiora">Whitiora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Urban_Area" title="Hamilton Urban Area">Urban area</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_New_Zealand" title="Cambridge, New Zealand">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntly,_New_Zealand" title="Huntly, New Zealand">Huntly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ruaw%C4%81hia" title="Ngāruawāhia">Ngāruawāhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamahere" title="Tamahere">Tamahere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taupiri" title="Taupiri">Taupiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Awamutu" title="Te Awamutu">Te Awamutu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_in_Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Category:Schools in Hamilton, New Zealand">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_College" title="Fairfield College">Fairfield College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_High_School,_Hamilton" title="Fraser High School, Hamilton">Fraser High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Boys%27_High_School" title="Hamilton Boys' High School">Hamilton Boys' High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Girls%27_High_School" title="Hamilton Girls' High School">Hamilton Girls' High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillcrest_High_School,_Hamilton" title="Hillcrest High School, Hamilton">Hillcrest High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Hamilton" title="St John's College, Hamilton">St John's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Collegiate_School" title="St Paul's Collegiate School">St Paul's Collegiate School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sport">Sports teams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiefs_(Super_Rugby)" title="Chiefs (Super Rugby)">Chiefs</a> (rugby)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WaiBOP_United" title="WaiBOP United">WaiBOP United</a> (soccer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikato_Bay_of_Plenty_Magic" title="Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic">Magic</a> (netball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikato_Rugby_Union" title="Waikato Rugby Union">Waikato</a> (rugby)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#City_facilities_and_attractions">Facilities and attractions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Gardens" title="Hamilton Gardens">Hamilton Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_City_Libraries_(New_Zealand)" title="Hamilton City Libraries (New Zealand)">Hamilton City Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Zoo" title="Hamilton Zoo">Hamilton Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Waikato_District_Hospital_and_Charitable_Aid_Board_(Former)" title="Office of the Waikato District Hospital and Charitable Aid Board (Former)">Office of the Waikato District Hospital and Charitable Aid Board (Former)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seddon_Park" title="Seddon Park">Seddon Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Cathedral,_Hamilton" title="St Peter's Cathedral, Hamilton">St Peter's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikato_Museum" title="Waikato Museum">Waikato Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikato_Stadium" title="Waikato Stadium">Waikato Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterworld,_Hamilton#Waterworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterworld, Hamilton">Waterworld pool complex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Other</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Press">Hamilton Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tainui" title="Tainui">Tainui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikato_Hospital" title="Waikato Hospital">Waikato Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikato_River" title="Waikato River">Waikato River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikato_Times" title="Waikato Times">Waikato Times</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Hamilton95" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Hamilton95" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Hamilton</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_and_districts_of_New_Zealand132" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_and_districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Template:Cities and districts of New Zealand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_and_districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Template talk:Cities and districts of New Zealand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_and_districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities and districts of New Zealand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_and_districts_of_New_Zealand132" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Cities and districts of New Zealand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand" title="Napier, New Zealand">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porirua" title="Porirua">Porirua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Hutt" title="Upper Hutt">Upper Hutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Hutt" title="Lower Hutt">Lower Hutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far_North_District" title="Far North District">Far North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whangarei_District" title="Whangarei District">Whangarei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaipara_District" title="Kaipara District">Kaipara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames-Coromandel_District" title="Thames-Coromandel District">Thames-Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauraki_District" title="Hauraki District">Hauraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikato_District" title="Waikato District">Waikato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matamata-Piako_District" title="Matamata-Piako District">Matamata-Piako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waip%C4%81_District" title="Waipā District">Waipā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Waikato_District" title="South Waikato District">South Waikato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctorohanga_District" title="Ōtorohanga District">Ōtorohanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotorua_Lakes_District" title="Rotorua Lakes District">Rotorua Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitomo_District" title="Waitomo District">Waitomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taup%C5%8D_District" title="Taupō District">Taupō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bay_of_Plenty_District" title="Western Bay of Plenty District">Western Bay of Plenty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whakat%C4%81ne_District" title="Whakatāne District">Whakatāne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawerau_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawerau District">Kawerau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cp%C5%8Dtiki_District" title="Ōpōtiki District">Ōpōtiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisborne_District" title="Gisborne District">Gisborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wairoa_District" title="Wairoa District">Wairoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_District,_New_Zealand" title="Hastings District, New Zealand">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Hawke%27s_Bay_District" title="Central Hawke's Bay District">Central Hawke's Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth_District" title="New Plymouth District">New Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_District,_New_Zealand" title="Stratford District, New Zealand">Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Taranaki_District" title="South Taranaki District">South Taranaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruapehu_District" title="Ruapehu District">Ruapehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whanganui_District" title="Whanganui District">Whanganui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangitikei_District" title="Rangitikei District">Rangitīkei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manawat%C5%AB_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Manawatū District">Manawatū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tararua_District" title="Tararua District">Tararua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horowhenua_District" title="Horowhenua District">Horowhenua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81piti_Coast_District" title="Kāpiti Coast District">Kāpiti Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masterton_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Masterton District">Masterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carterton_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Carterton District">Carterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Wairarapa_District" title="South Wairarapa District">South Wairarapa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_District" title="Tasman District">Tasman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_District" title="Marlborough District">Marlborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buller_District" title="Buller District">Buller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_District" title="Grey District">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_District" title="Westland District">Westland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaik%C5%8Dura_District" title="Kaikōura District">Kaikōura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurunui_District" title="Hurunui District">Hurunui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waimakariri_District" title="Waimakariri District">Waimakariri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_District" title="Selwyn District">Selwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashburton_District" title="Ashburton District">Ashburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timaru_District" title="Timaru District">Timaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_District" title="Mackenzie District">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waimate_District" title="Waimate District">Waimate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitaki_District" title="Waitaki District">Waitaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queenstown-Lakes_District" title="Queenstown-Lakes District">Queenstown-Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Otago_District" title="Central Otago District">Central Otago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clutha_District" title="Clutha District">Clutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_District,_New_Zealand" title="Gore District, New Zealand">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southland_District" title="Southland District">Southland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Zealand_articles450" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Zealand_topics" title="Template:New Zealand topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Zealand_topics" title="Template talk:New Zealand topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Zealand_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Zealand topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Zealand_articles450" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Zealand" title="History of New Zealand">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history" title="Timeline of New Zealand history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_New_Zealand" title="Archaeology of New Zealand">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Economic history of New Zealand">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Military history of New Zealand">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_history" title="Māori history">Māori history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Natural history of New Zealand">Natural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Political history of New Zealand">Political history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_New_Zealand" title="Women's suffrage in New Zealand">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Zealand%27s_links_with_Antarctica" title="Timeline of New Zealand's links with Antarctica">New Zealand and Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_New_Zealand" title="Independence of New Zealand">Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_Zealand" title="Geography of New Zealand">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Physical_geography_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical geography of New Zealand">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_New_Zealand" title="Biodiversity of New Zealand">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_New_Zealand" title="List of caves in New Zealand">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_Zealand" title="Climate of New Zealand">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_Zealand" title="Climate change in New Zealand">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_New_Zealand" title="List of earthquakes in New Zealand">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_New_Zealand" title="Environment of New Zealand">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_New_Zealand" title="Geology of New Zealand">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_New_Zealand" title="Lakes of New Zealand">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains of New Zealand">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_New_Zealand" title="Protected areas of New Zealand">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_reserves_of_New_Zealand" title="Marine reserves of New Zealand">Marine reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_New_Zealand" title="National parks of New Zealand">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of rivers of New Zealand">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_New_Zealand" title="Volcanism of New Zealand">Volcanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_in_New_Zealand" title="Water in New Zealand">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings,_New_Zealand" title="Hastings, New Zealand">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand" title="Napier, New Zealand">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth" title="New Plymouth">New Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotorua" title="Rotorua">Rotorua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_New_Zealand" title="Capital of New Zealand">capital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whang%C4%81rei" title="Whangārei">Whangārei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Zealand" title="Local government in New Zealand">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authorities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand" title="Constitution of New Zealand">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Elections in New Zealand">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand" title="Electoral system of New Zealand">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_New_Zealand" title="List of political parties in New Zealand">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting in New Zealand">Voting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_New_Zealand" title="Foreign relations of New Zealand">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_New_Zealand" title="Gun law in New Zealand">Gun law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Human rights in New Zealand">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Disability rights in New Zealand">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Intersex rights in New Zealand">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New Zealand">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_Zealand" title="Judiciary of New Zealand">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Supreme Court of New Zealand">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_New_Zealand" title="Chief Justice of New Zealand">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_Zealand" title="Law of New Zealand">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in New Zealand">enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_politics" title="Māori politics">Māori politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Official Opposition (New Zealand)">Official Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_New_Zealand" title="Political funding in New Zealand">Political funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_sector_organisations_in_New_Zealand" title="List of public sector organisations in New Zealand">Public sector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_New_Zealand" title="Cabinet of New Zealand">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_governments" title="List of New Zealand governments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_New_Zealand" title="List of governors-general of New Zealand">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministers_in_the_New_Zealand_Government" title="Ministers in the New Zealand Government">Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Zealand" title="Economy of New Zealand">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_New_Zealand" title="Agriculture in New Zealand">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming_in_New_Zealand" title="Dairy farming in New Zealand">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_wine" title="New Zealand wine">Wine industry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_New_Zealand" title="List of companies of New Zealand">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_New_Zealand" title="Energy in New Zealand">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_industry_in_New_Zealand" title="Information technology industry in New Zealand">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_New_Zealand" title="Manufacturing in New Zealand">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_New_Zealand" title="Mining in New Zealand">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Poverty in New Zealand">Poverty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Child poverty in New Zealand">Child poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="Reserve Bank of New Zealand">Reserve Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogernomics" title="Rogernomics">Rogernomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_New_Zealand" title="Welfare in New Zealand">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_New_Zealand" title="Taxation in New Zealand">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_New_Zealand" title="Telecommunications in New Zealand">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_Zealand" title="Tourism in New Zealand">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_New_Zealand" title="Transport in New Zealand">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_New_Zealand" title="Rail transport in New Zealand">Rail transport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_New_Zealand" title="Category:Society of New Zealand">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Zealand" title="Abortion in New Zealand">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_Zealand" title="Crime in New Zealand">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_Zealand" title="Demographics of New Zealand">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_origins_of_New_Zealanders" title="List of ethnic origins of New Zealanders">Ethnic origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_New_Zealand" title="Gender inequality in New Zealand">Gender inequality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_Zealand" title="Education in New Zealand">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_New_Zealand" title="Euthanasia in New Zealand">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender equality in New Zealand">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_New_Zealand" title="Health in New Zealand">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_New_Zealand" title="Healthcare in New Zealand">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_Zealand" title="Homelessness in New Zealand">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_New_Zealand" title="Housing in New Zealand">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_New_Zealand" title="Immigration to New Zealand">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in New Zealand">LGBT issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_New_Zealand" title="Naturism in New Zealand">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealanders" title="New Zealanders">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiwi_(nickname)" title="Kiwi (nickname)">"Kiwi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_New_Zealand" title="Women in New Zealand">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_New_Zealand" title="Prostitution in New Zealand">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination_in_New_Zealand" title="Structural discrimination in New Zealand">Structural discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_New_Zealand" title="Waste in New Zealand">Waste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_Zealand" title="Architecture of New Zealand">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_art" title="New Zealand art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_New_Zealand" title="Cinema of New Zealand">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_literature" title="New Zealand literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_New_Zealand" title="Mass media in New Zealand">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Performing arts of New Zealand">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_New_Zealand" title="Public holidays in New Zealand">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_New_Zealand" title="Radio in New Zealand">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_New_Zealand" title="Sport in New Zealand">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_New_Zealand" title="National symbols of New Zealand">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_New_Zealand" title="Television in New Zealand">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div 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