CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;"/><title>2 Kings 15:13 Commentaries: Shallum son of Jabesh became king in the thirty-ninth year of Uzziah king of Judah, and he reigned one month in Samaria.</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/newcom.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="../vmenus/2_kings/15-13.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="/bmcom/2_kings/15-13.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="http://biblehub.com">Bible</a> > <a href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/">Commentaries</a> > 2 Kings 15:13</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="../2_kings/15-12.htm" title="2 Kings 15:12">◄</a> 2 Kings 15:13 <a href="../2_kings/15-14.htm" title="2 Kings 15:14">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse">Shallum the son of Jabesh began to reign in the nine and thirtieth year of Uzziah king of Judah; and he reigned a full month in Samaria.</div><div id="jump">Jump to: <a href="/commentaries/barnes/2_kings/15.htm" title="Barnes' Notes">Barnes</a> • <a href="/commentaries/benson/2_kings/15.htm" title="Benson Commentary">Benson</a> • <a href="/commentaries/illustrator/2_kings/15.htm" title="Biblical Illustrator">BI</a> • <a href="/commentaries/cambridge/2_kings/15.htm" title="Cambridge Bible">Cambridge</a> • <a href="/commentaries/clarke/2_kings/15.htm" title="Clarke's Commentary">Clarke</a> • <a href="/commentaries/darby/2_kings/15.htm" title="Darby's Bible Synopsis">Darby</a> • <a href="/commentaries/ellicott/2_kings/15.htm" title="Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers">Ellicott</a> • <a href="/commentaries/expositors/2_kings/15.htm" title="Expositor's Bible">Expositor's</a> • <a href="/commentaries/edt/2_kings/15.htm" title="Expositor's Dictionary">Exp Dct</a> • <a href="/commentaries/gaebelein/2_kings/15.htm" title="Gaebelein's Annotated Bible">Gaebelein</a> • <a href="/commentaries/gsb/2_kings/15.htm" title="Geneva Study Bible">GSB</a> • <a href="/commentaries/gill/2_kings/15.htm" title="Gill's Bible Exposition">Gill</a> • <a href="/commentaries/gray/2_kings/15.htm" title="Gray's Concise">Gray</a> • <a href="/commentaries/guzik/2_kings/15.htm" title="Guzik Bible Commentary">Guzik</a> • <a href="/commentaries/haydock/2_kings/15.htm" title="Haydock Catholic Bible Commentary">Haydock</a> • <a href="/commentaries/hastings/1_kings/19-11.htm" title="Hastings Great Texts">Hastings</a> • <a href="/commentaries/homiletics/2_kings/15.htm" title="Pulpit Homiletics">Homiletics</a> • <a href="/commentaries/jfb/2_kings/15.htm" title="Jamieson-Fausset-Brown">JFB</a> • <a href="/commentaries/kad/2_kings/15.htm" title="Keil and Delitzsch OT">KD</a> • <a href="/commentaries/king-en/2_kings/15.htm" title="Kingcomments Bible Studies">King</a> • <a href="/commentaries/lange/2_kings/15.htm" title="Lange Commentary">Lange</a> • <a href="/commentaries/maclaren/2_kings/15.htm" title="MacLaren Expositions">MacLaren</a> • <a href="/commentaries/mhc/2_kings/15.htm" title="Matthew Henry Concise">MHC</a> • <a href="/commentaries/mhcw/2_kings/15.htm" title="Matthew Henry Full">MHCW</a> • <a href="/commentaries/parker/2_kings/15.htm" title="The People's Bible by Joseph Parker">Parker</a> • <a href="/commentaries/poole/2_kings/15.htm" title="Matthew Poole">Poole</a> • <a href="/commentaries/pulpit/2_kings/15.htm" title="Pulpit Commentary">Pulpit</a> • <a href="/commentaries/sermon/2_kings/15.htm" title="Sermon Bible">Sermon</a> • <a href="/commentaries/sco/2_kings/15.htm" title="Scofield Reference Notes">SCO</a> • <a href="/commentaries/ttb/2_kings/15.htm" title="Through The Bible">TTB</a> • <a href="/commentaries/wes/2_kings/15.htm" title="Wesley's Notes">WES</a> • <a href="#tsk" title="Treasury of Scripture Knowledge">TSK</a></div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="comtype">EXPOSITORY (ENGLISH BIBLE)</div><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/2_kings/15.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(13) <span class= "bld">A full month.</span>—Literally, as margin. Thenius says Shallum cannot have reigned a <span class= "ital">full</span> month, as <a href="/zechariah/11-8.htm" title="Three shepherds also I cut off in one month; and my soul loathed them, and their soul also abhorred me.">Zechariah 11:8</a> obviously refers to the three kings Zachrriah, Shallum, and Menahem.<p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/benson/2_kings/15.htm">Benson Commentary</a></div><span class="bld"><a href="/context/2_kings/15-13.htm" title="Shallum the son of Jabesh began to reign in the nine and thirtieth year of Uzziah king of Judah; and he reigned a full month in Samaria....">2 Kings 15:13-14</a></span>. <span class="ital">He reigned a full month — </span>That dominion seldom lasts long that is founded in blood and falsehood. Menahem, either provoked by his crime, or animated by his example, soon served him as he had served his master: he <span class="ital">went up from Tirzah — </span>A city in the tribe of Ephraim, where Jeroboam first dwelt; and <span class="ital">smote Shallum — </span>Probably he was general of the army, which then lay encamped at Tirzah, and hearing of Shallum’s treason and usurpation, he hastened to Samaria to avenge it, as Omri acted, in a like case, with regard to Zimri. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="mhc" id="mhc"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/mhc/2_kings/15.htm">Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary</a></div>15:8-31 This history shows Israel in confusion. Though Judah was not without troubles, yet that kingdom was happy, compared with the state of Israel. The imperfections of true believers are very different from the allowed wickedness of ungodly men. Such is human nature, such are our hearts, if left to themselves, deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked. We have reason to be thankful for restraints, for being kept out of temptation, and should beg of God to renew a right spirit within us.<a name="bar" id="bar"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/barnes/2_kings/15.htm">Barnes' Notes on the Bible</a></div>Before the people - i. e. openly and publicly. The Septuagint turns the original of the above words into a proper name, Keblaam, and makes him the actual assassin, but without much ground. <a name="jfb" id="jfb"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/jfb/2_kings/15.htm">Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary</a></div>13-17. Shallum … reigned a full month—He was opposed and slain by Menahem, who, according to Josephus, was commander of the forces, which, on the report of the king's murder, were besieging Tirzah, a town twelve miles east of Samaria, and formerly a seat of the kings of Israel. Raising the siege, he marched directly against the usurper, slew him, and reigned in his stead.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/poole/2_kings/15.htm">Matthew Poole's Commentary</a></div> No text from Poole on this verse. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="gil" id="gil"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/gill/2_kings/15.htm">Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible</a></div>Shallum the son of Jabesh began to reign in the nine and thirtieth year of Uzziah king of Judah,.... The same with Azariah: he is sometimes called by one name, and sometimes by the other, see <a href="http://biblehub.com/2_kings/14-21.htm">2 Kings 14:21</a>, <p>and he reigned a full month in Samaria: and no longer; so soon were the conspiracy against his sovereign, and the murder of him, punished. <a name="gsb" id="gsb"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/gsb/2_kings/15.htm">Geneva Study Bible</a></div><span class="cverse2">Shallum the son of Jabesh began to reign in the nine and thirtieth year of Uzziah king of Judah; and he reigned a full month in Samaria.</span></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><div class="comtype">EXEGETICAL (ORIGINAL LANGUAGES)</div><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/cambridge/2_kings/15.htm">Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges</a></div><span class="bld">13–15</span>. Shallum king of Israel. He is slain, after a month, by Menahem (Not in Chronicles)<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="bld">13</span>. <span class="ital">a full month</span>] R.V. <span class="bld">the space of a month</span>. The margin of A.V. gives, ‘Heb. a month of days’. The rendering of R.V. corresponds with that of A.V. in <a href="/genesis/29-7.htm" title="And he said, See, it is yet high day, neither is it time that the cattle should be gathered together: water you the sheep, and go and feed them.">Genesis 29:7</a> for the same words. The Hebrew for ‘of days’ is added adverbially, as we use ‘time’ in such phrases as ‘in a month’s <span class="ital">time</span>’ = ‘in a month’ ‘in a year’s <span class="ital">time</span>’ &c.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="pul" id="pul"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/2_kings/15.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verses 13-15.</span> - SHORT AND UNIMPORTANT REIGN OF SHALLUM. Three verses suffice for the reign of Shallum, the son of Jabesh, who held the throne for only thirty days. Hearing of his conspiracy, Menahem, the son of Gadi - "the general," as Josephus calls him ('Ant. Jud.,' 10:11. § 1) - marched from Tirzah to Samaria, got Shallum into his power, and put him to death (ver. 14). The writer concludes with the usual formula (ver. 15). <span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 13.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Shallum the son of Jabesh began to reign in the nine and thirtieth year of Uzziah King of Judah.</span> This date follows from that of ver. 8, and must stand or fall with it. The true accession-year of Shallum was probably the twenty-seventh of Uzziah. <span class="cmt_word">And he reigned a fall month in Samaria</span>; literally, <span class="accented">a month of</span> days - "thirty days" according to Josephus. 2 Kings 15:13<a name="kad" id="kad"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/kad/2_kings/15.htm">Keil and Delitzsch Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament</a></div>Reign of Shallum. - Shallum reigned only a full month (ירח־ימים, as in <a href="/deuteronomy/21-13.htm">Deuteronomy 21:13</a>; see at <a href="/genesis/29-14.htm">Genesis 29:14</a>). Menahem the son of Gadi then made war upon him from Tirzah; and by him he was smitten and slain. Menahem must have been a general or the commander-in-chief, as Josephus affirms. As soon as he became king he smote Tiphsach, - i.e., Thapsacus on the Euphrates, which has long since entirely disappeared, probably to be sought for in the neighbourhood of the present Rakka, by the ford of el Hamman, the north-eastern border city of the Israelitish kingdom in the time of Solomon (<a href="/1_kings/5-4.htm">1 Kings 5:4</a>), which came into the possession of the kingdom of Israel again when the ancient boundaries were restored by Jeroboam II((<a href="/2_kings/14-25.htm">2 Kings 14:25</a> and <a href="/2_kings/14-28.htm">2 Kings 14:28</a>), but which had probably revolted again during the anarchy which arose after the death of Jeroboam, - "and all that were therein, and the territory thereof, from Tirzah; because they opened not (to him), therefore he smote it, and had them that were with child ripped up." מתּרצה does not mean that Menahem laid the land or district waste from Tirzah to Tiphsach, but is to be taken in connection with יכּה in this sense: he smote Tiphsach proceeding from Tirzah, etc. The position of this notice, namely, immediately after the account of the usurpation of the throne by Menahem and before the history of his reign, is analogous to that concerning Elath in the case of Uzziah (<a href="/2_kings/14-22.htm">2 Kings 14:22</a>), and, like the latter, is to be accounted for from the fact that the expedition of Menahem against Tiphsach formed the commencement of his reign, and, as we may infer from <a href="http://biblehub.com/2_kings/15-19.htm">2 Kings 15:19</a>, became very eventful not only for his own reign, but also for the kingdom of Israel generally. The reason why he proceeded from Tirzah against Tiphsach, was no doubt that it was in Tirzah, the present Tallusa, which was only three hours to the east of Samaria (see at <a href="/1_kings/14-17.htm">1 Kings 14:17</a>), that the army of which Menahem was commander was posted, so that he had probably gone to Samaria with only a small body of men to overthrow Shallum, the murderer of Zachariah and usurper of the throne, and to make himself king. It is possible that the army commanded by Menahem had already been collected in Tirzah to march against the city of Tiphsach, which had revolted from Israel when Shallum seized upon the throne by the murder of Zachariah; so that after Menahem had removed the usurper, he carried out at once the campaign already resolved upon, and having taken Tiphsach, punished it most cruelly for its revolt. On the cruel custom of ripping up the women with child, i.e., of cutting open their wombs, see <a href="/2_kings/8-12.htm">2 Kings 8:12</a>; <a href="http://biblehub.com/amos/1-13.htm">Amos 1:13</a>, and <a href="/hosea/14-1.htm">Hosea 14:1</a>. Tiphsach, Thapsacus, appears to have been a strong fortress; and from its situation on the western bank of the Euphrates, at the termination of the great trade-road from Egypt, Phoenicia, and Syria to Mesopotamia and the kingdoms of Inner Asia (Movers, Phniz. ii. 2, pp. 164,165; and Ritter, Erdkunde, x. pp. 1114-15), the possession of it was of great importance to the kingdom of Israel.<p>(Note: There is no foundation for the view propounded by Ewald (Gesch. iii. p. 599), Simson (Hosea, pp. 20, 21), Thenius, and many others, that Tiphsach was a city between Tirzah and Samaria, which Menahem laid waste on his march from Tirzah to Samaria to dethrone Shallum; for it rests upon nothing more than the perfectly unwarrantable and ungrammatical combination of מתרצה with את־גבוליה, "its boundaries towards Tirzah" (Sims.), and upon the two worthless objections: (1) that the great distance of מתרצה from יכה precludes the rendering "going out from Tirzah;" and (2) that Menahem was not the man to be able to conquer Thapsacus on the Euphrates. But there is no foundation for the latter assertion, as we have no standard by which to estimate the strength and bravery of the Israelitish army commanded by Menahem. And the first objection falls to the ground with the correct rendering of מתרצה, viz., "proceeding from Tirzah," which is preferred even by Ewald and Thenius. With this rendering, the words by no means affirm that Menahem smote Tiphsach from Tirzah on the way to Samaria. This is merely an inference drawn from v. 13, according to which Menahem went from Tirzah to Samaria to overthrow Shallum. But this inference is open to the following objections: (1) that it is very improbable that there was a strong fortress between Tirzah and Samaria, which Menahem was obliged to take on his march before he could overthrow the usurper in the capital of the kingdom; and (2) that the name Tiphsach, trajectus, ford, is by no means a suitable one for a city situated on the mountains between Tirzah and Samaria, and therefore, in order to carry out the hypothesis in question, Thenius proposes to alter Tiphsach into Tappuach, without any critical warrant for so doing.) <div class="vheading2">Links</div><a href="/interlinear/2_kings/15-13.htm">2 Kings 15:13 Interlinear</a><br /><a href="/texts/2_kings/15-13.htm">2 Kings 15:13 Parallel Texts</a><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/niv/2_kings/15-13.htm">2 Kings 15:13 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/2_kings/15-13.htm">2 Kings 15:13 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/2_kings/15-13.htm">2 Kings 15:13 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/2_kings/15-13.htm">2 Kings 15:13 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/2_kings/15-13.htm">2 Kings 15:13 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="http://bibleapps.com/2_kings/15-13.htm">2 Kings 15:13 Bible Apps</a><br /><a href="/2_kings/15-13.htm">2 Kings 15:13 Parallel</a><br /><a href="http://bibliaparalela.com/2_kings/15-13.htm">2 Kings 15:13 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="http://holybible.com.cn/2_kings/15-13.htm">2 Kings 15:13 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="http://saintebible.com/2_kings/15-13.htm">2 Kings 15:13 French Bible</a><br /><a href="http://bibeltext.com/2_kings/15-13.htm">2 Kings 15:13 German Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/">Bible Hub</a><br /></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td align="center"><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script><br /><br /> </div> <div id="left"><a href="../2_kings/15-12.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="2 Kings 15:12"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="2 Kings 15:12" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="../2_kings/15-14.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="2 Kings 15:14"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="2 Kings 15:14" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div> <div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>