Sat艒 Eisaku | Prime Minister of Japan, Nobel Peace Prize Winner

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They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.</div> </a> <div data-popper-arrow></div> </div> <span class="btn btn-link editor-link p-0 qa-byline-link gtm-byline font-12 byline-contributor text-decoration-underline"> The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica</span></div> <div class="last-updated font-12 font-serif"> <a class="byline-edit-history" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sato-Eisaku/additional-info#history" rel="nofollow">Article History</a> </div></div> </div> <button class="d-flex d-lg-none btn btn-outline-blue border rounded-sm shadow-sm mobile-toc-button gtm-mobile-toc-inline-button d-none d-sm-block js-sections-inline-button module-spacing btn d-lg-none"> <em class="material-icons mr-5 ml-n10 my-n5 md-icon" data-icon="toc"></em> Table of Contents </button> <div class="d-flex d-sm-none flex-row"> <button class="d-flex d-lg-none btn btn-outline-blue border rounded-sm shadow-sm mobile-toc-button gtm-mobile-toc-inline-button js-sections-inline-button module-spacing"> <em class="material-icons mr-5 ml-n10 my-n5 md-icon" data-icon="toc"></em> Table of Contents </button> <button class="ai-ask-button btn border-2 ai-ask-button btn border-2 module-spacing btn-sm js-inline-ai-ask-button btn-outline-red-400 border-red-400 p-10 ml-5"> Ask the Chatbot a Question </button> </div> <div class="js-qf-module qf-module px-40 px-sm-20 py-15 mx-auto module-spacing font-14 bg-gray-50 rounded"> <div class="qf-title font-weight-bold font-14 mb-10 text-center"> Quick Facts</div> <div class="facts-list mt-10"> <div class=""> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Born: </dt> <dd>March 27, 1901, Tabuse, Yamaguchi prefecture, <a href="/place/Japan">Japan</a></dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Died: </dt> <dd>June 3, 1975, <a href="/place/Tokyo">Tokyo</a> (aged 74)</dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Title / Office: </dt> <dd><a href="/topic/prime-minister">prime minister (1964-1972)</a>, <a href="/place/Japan">Japan</a></dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Political Affiliation: </dt> <dd><a href="/topic/Liberal-Democratic-Party-of-Japan">Liberal-Democratic Party of Japan</a></dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Awards And Honors: </dt> <dd><a href="/topic/Nobel-Prize">Nobel Prize (1974)</a></dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> </div> <div class="facts-item-none d-none"> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Notable Family Members: </dt> <dd>brother <a href="/biography/Kishi-Nobusuke">Kishi Nobusuke</a></dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> </div> <div class="facts-item-none d-none"> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Role In: </dt> <dd><a href="/event/Treaty-on-the-Non-proliferation-of-Nuclear-Weapons">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons</a></dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> <div class="text-center"> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-link p-0" href="/facts/Sato-Eisaku"> See all related content </a> </div> </div> </div> <button class="facts-list-show-more-btn mt-15 p-0 mx-auto btn font-14 d-block font-weight-normal"> <span class="material-icons" data-icon="expand_more"></span> <span class="show-more-label">Show More</span> </button> </div><span class="marker before-article"></span><section data-level="1" id="ref1"><span class="marker PREMOD1 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph"><strong><span id="ref144473"></span>Sat艒 Eisaku</strong> (born March 27, 1901, Tabuse, <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Yamaguchi-prefecture-Japan" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Yamaguchi</a> prefecture, Japan鈥攄ied June 3, 1975, Tokyo) was the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/prime-minister" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">prime minister</a> of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Japan" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Japan</a> between 1964 and 1972, who presided over Japan鈥檚 post-World War II reemergence as a major world power. For his policies on nuclear weapons, which led to Japan鈥檚 signing of the <span id="ref652018"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-on-the-Non-proliferation-of-Nuclear-Weapons" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons</a>, he was awarded (with cowinner <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sean-MacBride" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Sean MacBride</a>) the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nobel-Prize" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Nobel Prize</a> for Peace in 1974.</p><span class="marker MOD1 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD2 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">After graduating with a degree in law from <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/University-of-Tokyo" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Tokyo Imperial University</a> (now University of Tokyo) in 1924, Sat艒 joined the Ministry of Railways, becoming the chief of its <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off eb" data-term="bureau" href="https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/bureau" data-type="EB">bureau</a> of control in 1941 and vice-minister for transportation in 1948. That same year he joined the Liberal Party and was elected in 1949 to the lower house of the Diet (parliament). Becoming minister of construction in 1952, he resigned his post the following year to become chief secretary of the Liberal Party. When the Liberal Party was merged with the Democratic Party, Sat艒 became one of the leading members of the new coalition called the Liberal-Democratic Party. During the late 1950s he served as minister of finance in the cabinet of his older brother and political mentor, <span id="ref144474"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kishi-Nobusuke" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Kishi Nobusuke</a>. Kishi was succeeded in 1960 by <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ikeda-Hayato" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Ikeda Hayato</a>, in whose cabinet Sat艒 also served.</p><span class="marker MOD2 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD3 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">After Ikeda resigned because of ill health, the Diet in November 1964 chose Sat艒 as his successor. As prime minister Sat艒 presided over the continued growth of the Japanese economy and the improvement of Japanese relations with other Asian countries. Although Sat艒 increased Japanese trade with mainland <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/China" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">China</a> to some extent, China distrusted his policies toward <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Taiwan" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Taiwan</a> and his support of the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/United-States" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">United States</a> cause in the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Vietnam War</a>. In 1969 Sat艒 reached an agreement with U.S. President <span id="ref144475"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Nixon" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Richard M. Nixon</a> for future return of the <span id="ref144476"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Ryukyu-Islands" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Ryukyu Islands</a> to Japan, the removal of all nuclear weapons from the area, and the continued maintenance of the <span id="ref663192"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-States-Japan-Security-Treaty" class="md-crosslink ">U.S.-Japanese Mutual Security Treaty</a>. Sat艒 came under heavy <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="criticism" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/criticism" data-type="MW">criticism</a> for provisions in the agreement that allowed U.S. military forces to remain on Okinawa Island after its return to Japan.</p><div class="module-spacing"> </div><div class="one-good-fact-module"> </div><span class="marker MOD3 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD4 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">In the early 1970s problems with the United States over Japan鈥檚 huge surplus in Japanese-U.S. trade put increased pressure on Sat艒. He attempted to seek new Japanese markets in Europe and the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Soviet-Union" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Soviet Union</a>, but his unpopularity continued, especially after President Nixon visited China in February 1972, preempting similar Japanese efforts. Sat艒 resigned in June 1972, shortly after the Ryukyus were officially returned to Japan. He was unable to ensure the election of his chosen successor, and his passing from the scene seemed to mark the end of the old guard that had dominated Japanese politics since 1945.</p><span class="marker MOD4 mod-inline"></span></section> <span class="md-signature">This article was most recently revised and updated by <a href="/contributor/encyclopaedia-britannica/12989892">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a>.</span><span class="marker end-of-content"></span><span class="marker after-article"></span></div> <div id="chatbot-root"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ai-dialog-placeholder"></div> </div> </div> <aside class="col-md-da-320"></aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article></div> </div></div> </div> </main> <div id="md-footer"></div> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5W6NC8" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script type="text/javascript" id="_informizely_script_tag"> var IzWidget = IzWidget || {}; (function (d) { var scriptElement = d.createElement('script'); scriptElement.type = 'text/javascript'; scriptElement.async = true; scriptElement.src = "https://insitez.blob.core.windows.net/site/f780f33e-a610-4ac2-af81-3eb184037547.js"; var node = d.getElementById('_informizely_script_tag'); node.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, node); } )(document); </script>  <script> window.ap3c = window.ap3c || {}; var ap3c = window.ap3c; ap3c.cmd = ap3c.cmd || []; ap3c.cmd.push(function() { ap3c.init('ZO4siT4cLwnykPnzZWJtd3Byb2Q', 'https://engage.email.britannica.com/'); ap3c.track({v: 0}); }); ap3c.activity = function(act) { ap3c.act = (ap3c.act || []); ap3c.act.push(act); }; var s, t; s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.src = "https://engage.email.britannica.com/app.js"; t = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; t.parentNode.insertBefore(s, t); </script> <script class="marketing-page-info" type="application/json"> {"pageType":"Topic","templateName":"DESKTOP","pageNumber":1,"pagesTotal":1,"pageId":525008,"pageLength":433,"initialLoad":true,"lastPageOfScroll":false} </script> <script class="marketing-content-info" type="application/json"> [] </script> <script src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/js/libs/jquery-3.5.0.min.js?v=3.130.14"></script> <script type="text/javascript" data-type="Init Mendel Code Splitting"> (function() { $.ajax({ dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: 'https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/dist/topic-page.js?v=3.130.14' }); })(); </script> <script class="analytics-metadata" type="application/json"> {"leg":"D","adLeg":"D","userType":"ANONYMOUS","pageType":"Topic","pageSubtype":null,"articleTemplateType":"BIO_MEDIUM","gisted":false,"pageNumber":1,"hasSummarizeButton":false,"hasAskButton":false} </script> <script type="text/javascript"> EBStat={accountId:-1,hostnameOverride:'webstats.eb.com',domain:'www.britannica.com', json:''}; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function() { $.ajax( { dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: '//www.britannica.com/webstats/mendelstats.js?v=1' } ) .done( function() { try {writeStat(null,EBStat);} catch(err){} } ); })(); </script> <div id="bc-fixed-dialogue"></div> </body> </html>

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Sat艒 Eisaku | Prime Minister of Japan, Nobel Peace Prize Winner | Britannica