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cell</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: immobilised cell"> <meta name="keywords" content="immobilised cell"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="immobilised cell"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3676</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: immobilised cell</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3676</span> The Optimization of Immobilization Conditions for Biohydrogen Production from Palm Industry Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20W.%20Zularisam">A. W. Zularisam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sveta%20Thakur"> Sveta Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakhveer%20Singh"> Lakhveer Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20Sakinah%20Abdul%20Munaim"> Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Clostridium sp. LS2 was immobilised by entrapment in polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel beads to improve the biohydrogen production rate from palm oil mill effluent (POME). We sought to explore and optimise the hydrogen production capability of the immobilised cells by studying the conditions for cell immobilisation, including PEG concentration, cell loading and curing times, as well as the effects of temperature and K2HPO4 (500–2000 mg/L), NiCl2 (0.1–5.0 mg/L), FeCl2 (100–400 mg/L) MgSO4 (50–200 mg/L) concentrations on hydrogen production rate. The results showed that by optimising the PEG concentration (10% w/v), initial biomass (2.2 g dry weight), curing time (80 min) and temperature (37 °C), as well as the concentrations of K2HPO4 (2000 mg/L), NiCl2 (1 mg/L), FeCl2 (300 mg/L) and MgSO4 (100 mg/L), a maximum hydrogen production rate of 7.3 L/L-POME/day and a yield of 0.31 L H2/g chemical oxygen demand were obtained during continuous operation. We believe that this process may be potentially expanded for sustained and large-scale hydrogen production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title="hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene%20glycol" title=" polyethylene glycol"> polyethylene glycol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilised%20cell" title=" immobilised cell"> immobilised cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil%20mill%20effluent" title=" palm oil mill effluent"> palm oil mill effluent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45960/the-optimization-of-immobilization-conditions-for-biohydrogen-production-from-palm-industry-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3675</span> Biomolecules Based Microarray for Screening Human Endothelial Cells Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Dalilottojari">Adel Dalilottojari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahman%20Delalat"> Bahman Delalat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frances%20J.%20Harding"> Frances J. Harding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michaelia%20P.%20Cockshell"> Michaelia P. Cockshell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudine%20S.%20Bonder"> Claudine S. Bonder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolas%20H.%20Voelcker"> Nicolas H. Voelcker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Endothelial Progenitor Cell (EPC) based therapies continue to be of interest to treat ischemic events based on their proven role to promote blood vessel formation and thus tissue re-vascularisation. Current strategies for the production of clinical-grade EPCs requires the <em>in vitro</em> isolation of EPCs from peripheral blood followed by cell expansion to provide sufficient quantities EPCs for cell therapy. This study aims to examine the use of different biomolecules to significantly improve the current strategy of EPC capture and expansion on collagen type I (Col I). In this study, four different biomolecules were immobilised on a surface and then investigated for their capacity to support EPC capture and proliferation. First, a cell microarray platform was fabricated by coating a glass surface with epoxy functional allyl glycidyl ether plasma polymer (AGEpp) to mediate biomolecule binding. The four candidate biomolecules tested were Col I, collagen type II (Col II), collagen type IV (Col IV) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), which were arrayed on the epoxy-functionalised surface using a non-contact printer. The surrounding area between the printed biomolecules was passivated with polyethylene glycol-bisamine (A-PEG) to prevent non-specific cell attachment. EPCs were seeded onto the microarray platform and cell numbers quantified after 1 h (to determine capture) and 72 h (to determine proliferation). All of the extracellular matrix (ECM) biomolecules printed demonstrated an ability to capture EPCs within 1 h of cell seeding with Col II exhibiting the highest level of attachment when compared to the other biomolecules. Interestingly, Col IV exhibited the highest increase in EPC expansion after 72 h when compared to Col I, Col II and VEGF-A. These results provide information for significant improvement in the capture and expansion of human EPC for further application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomolecules" title="biomolecules">biomolecules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20microarray%20platform" title=" cell microarray platform"> cell microarray platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20therapy" title=" cell therapy"> cell therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endothelial%20progenitor%20cells" title=" endothelial progenitor cells"> endothelial progenitor cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20throughput%20screening" title=" high throughput screening"> high throughput screening</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58645/biomolecules-based-microarray-for-screening-human-endothelial-cells-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3674</span> Cell Patterns and Tissue Metamorphoses Based on Cell Surface Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reyhane%20Hamed%20Kamran">Reyhane Hamed Kamran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Early stage morphogenesis requires the execution of complex systems that direct the nearby conduct of gatherings of cells. The organization of such instruments has been, for the most part, deciphered through the recognizable proof of moderated groups of flagging pathways that spatially and transiently control cell conduct. In any case, how this data is handled to control cell shape and cell elements is an open territory of examination. The structure that rises up out of differing controls, for example, cell science, material science, and formative science, focuses to bond and cortical actin arranges as controllers of cell surface mechanics. In this specific circumstance, a scope of formative marvels can be clarified by the guideline of cell surface pressure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell" title="cell">cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20damage" title=" tissue damage"> tissue damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphogenesis" title=" morphogenesis"> morphogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20conduct" title=" cell conduct"> cell conduct</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154753/cell-patterns-and-tissue-metamorphoses-based-on-cell-surface-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3673</span> Cell Patterns and Tissue Metamorphoses Based on Cell Surface Mechanics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narin%20Salehiyan">Narin Salehiyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Early stage morphogenesis requires the execution of complex systems that direct the nearby conduct of gatherings of cells. The organization of such instruments has been, for the most part, deciphered through the recognizable proof of moderated groups of flagging pathways that spatially and transiently control cell conduct. In any case, how this data is handled to control cell shape and cell elements is an open territory of examination. The structure that rises up out of differing controls, for example, cell science, material science and formative science, focuses to bond and cortical actin arranges as controllers of cell surface mechanics. In this specific circumstance, a scope of formative marvels can be clarified by the guideline of cell surface pressure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell" title="cell">cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20damage" title=" tissue damage"> tissue damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphogenesis" title=" morphogenesis"> morphogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20conduct" title=" cell conduct"> cell conduct</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170992/cell-patterns-and-tissue-metamorphoses-based-on-cell-surface-mechanics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3672</span> Global Analysis of HIV Virus Models with Cell-to-Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Pourbashash">Hossein Pourbashash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent experimental studies have shown that HIV can be transmitted directly from cell to cell when structures called virological synapses form during interactions between T cells. In this article, we describe a new within-host model of HIV infection that incorporates two mechanisms: infection by free virions and the direct cell-to-cell transmission. We conduct the local and global stability analysis of the model. We show that if the basic reproduction number R0 1, the virus is cleared and the disease dies out; if R0 > 1, the virus persists in the host. We also prove that the unique positive equilibrium attracts all positive solutions under additional assumptions on the parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%20virus%20model" title="HIV virus model">HIV virus model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell-to-cell%20transmission" title=" cell-to-cell transmission"> cell-to-cell transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20stability" title=" global stability"> global stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyapunov%20function" title=" Lyapunov function"> Lyapunov function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20compound%20matrices" title=" second compound matrices"> second compound matrices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23412/global-analysis-of-hiv-virus-models-with-cell-to-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3671</span> Single-Cell Visualization with Minimum Volume Embedding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenqiu%20Liu">Zhenqiu Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Visualizing the heterogeneity within cell-populations for single-cell RNA-seq data is crucial for studying the functional diversity of a cell. However, because of the high level of noises, outlier, and dropouts, it is very challenging to measure the cell-to-cell similarity (distance), visualize and cluster the data in a low-dimension. Minimum volume embedding (MVE) projects the data into a lower-dimensional space and is a promising tool for data visualization. However, it is computationally inefficient to solve a semi-definite programming (SDP) when the sample size is large. Therefore, it is not applicable to single-cell RNA-seq data with thousands of samples. In this paper, we develop an efficient algorithm with an accelerated proximal gradient method and visualize the single-cell RNA-seq data efficiently. We demonstrate that the proposed approach separates known subpopulations more accurately in single-cell data sets than other existing dimension reduction methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-cell%20RNA-seq" title="single-cell RNA-seq">single-cell RNA-seq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20volume%20embedding" title=" minimum volume embedding"> minimum volume embedding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visualization" title=" visualization"> visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20proximal%20gradient%20method" title=" accelerated proximal gradient method"> accelerated proximal gradient method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75071/single-cell-visualization-with-minimum-volume-embedding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3670</span> Up-Regulation of SCUBE2 Expression in Co-Cultures of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Breast Cancer Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hirowati%20Ali">Hirowati Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisyah%20Ellyanti"> Aisyah Ellyanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dewi%20Rusnita"> Dewi Rusnita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Septelia%20Inawati%20Wanandi"> Septelia Inawati Wanandi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stem cell has been known for its potency to be differentiated in many cells. Recently stem cell has been used for many treatment of degenerative medicine. It is still controversy whether stem cell can be used for therapy or these cells can activate cancer stem cell. SCUBE2 is a novel secreted and membrane-anchored protein which has been reported to its role in better prognosis and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Our study aims to observe whether stem cell can up-regulate SCUBE2 gene in MCF7 breast cancer cell line. We used in vitro study using MCF-7 cell treated with stem cell derived from placenta Wharton's jelly which has been known for its stemness and widely used. Our results showed that MCF-7 cell line grows up rapidly in 6-well culture dish. Stem cell was cultured in 6-well dish. After 50%-60% MCF-7 confluence, we co-cultured these cells with stem cells for 24 hours and 48 hours. We hypothesize SCUBE2 gene which is previously known for its higher expression in better prognosis of breast cancer, is up-regulated after stem cells addition in MCF7 culture dishes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer%20cells" title="breast cancer cells">breast cancer cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition%20of%20cancer%20cells" title=" inhibition of cancer cells"> inhibition of cancer cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesenchymal%20stem%20cells" title=" mesenchymal stem cells"> mesenchymal stem cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCUBE2" title=" SCUBE2"> SCUBE2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84557/up-regulation-of-scube2-expression-in-co-cultures-of-human-mesenchymal-stem-cell-and-breast-cancer-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3669</span> Efficient Pre-Processing of Single-Cell Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin with High-Throughput Sequencing Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Gao">Fan Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lior%20Pachter"> Lior Pachter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary tool currently used to pre-process 10X Chromium single-cell ATAC-seq data is Cell Ranger, which can take very long to run on standard datasets. To facilitate rapid pre-processing that enables reproducible workflows, we present a suite of tools called scATAK for pre-processing single-cell ATAC-seq data that is 15 to 18 times faster than Cell Ranger on mouse and human samples. Our tool can also calculate chromatin interaction potential matrices, and generate open chromatin signal and interaction traces for cell groups. We use scATAK tool to explore the chromatin regulatory landscape of a healthy adult human brain and unveil cell-type specific features, and show that it provides a convenient and computational efficient approach for pre-processing single-cell ATAC-seq data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-cell" title="single-cell">single-cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ATAC-seq" title=" ATAC-seq"> ATAC-seq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title=" bioinformatics"> bioinformatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20chromatin%20landscape" title=" open chromatin landscape"> open chromatin landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatin%20interactome" title=" chromatin interactome"> chromatin interactome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137695/efficient-pre-processing-of-single-cell-assay-for-transposase-accessible-chromatin-with-high-throughput-sequencing-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3668</span> Preparation of Gramine Nanosuspension and Protective Effect of Gramine on Human Oral Cell Lines by Induction of Apoptosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Suresh">K. Suresh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Arunkumar"> R. Arunkumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to investigate the preparation of gramine nano suspension and protective effect of Gramine on the apoptosis of laryngeal cancer cells cell line (HEp-2 and KB). The growth inhibition rate of Hep-2 and KB cells in vitro were measured by MTT assay and apoptosis by, levels of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, morphological changes and flowcytometry. Based on the results, we determined the effective doses of gramine as 127.23µm/ml for 24 hr and 119.81 µm/ml for 48hr in hep-2 cell line and 147.58 µm ml for 24 hr and 123.74µm µm/ml for 48hr in KB cell line. cytotoxicity effects of gramine were confirmed by treatment of HEp-2 cell and KB cell with IC50 concentration of gramine resulted in sequences of events marked by the enhance the apoptosis accompanied by loss of cell viability, modulation of reactive oxygen species and cell cycle arrest through the induction of G0/G1 phase arrest on HEp-2 cells. Our study suggests that the nanosuspension of gramine possesses the more cytotoxic effect of cancer cells and a novel candidate for cancer chemoprevention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title="apoptosis">apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEp-2%20cell%20line" title=" HEp-2 cell line"> HEp-2 cell line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KB%20cell%20line%20mitochondria" title=" KB cell line mitochondria"> KB cell line mitochondria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gramine" title=" gramine"> gramine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanosuspension" title=" nanosuspension"> nanosuspension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21324/preparation-of-gramine-nanosuspension-and-protective-effect-of-gramine-on-human-oral-cell-lines-by-induction-of-apoptosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3667</span> Study of Magnetic Nanoparticles’ Endocytosis in a Single Cell Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jefunnie%20Matahum">Jefunnie Matahum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Chi%20Kuo"> Yu-Chi Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao-Ming%20Su"> Chao-Ming Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzong-Rong%20Ger"> Tzong-Rong Ger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnetic cell labeling is of great importance in various applications in biomedical fields such as cell separation and cell sorting. Since analytical methods for quantification of cell uptake of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are already well established, image analysis on single cell level still needs more characterization. This study reports an alternative non-destructive quantification methods of single-cell uptake of positively charged MNPs. Magnetophoresis experiments were performed to calculate the number of MNPs in a single cell. Mobility of magnetic cells and the area of intracellular MNP stained by Prussian blue were quantified by image processing software. ICP-MS experiments were also performed to confirm the internalization of MNPs to cells. Initial results showed that the magnetic cells incubated at 100 µg and 50 µg MNPs/mL concentration move at 18.3 and 16.7 µm/sec, respectively. There is also an increasing trend in the number and area of intracellular MNP with increasing concentration. These results could be useful in assessing the nanoparticle uptake in a single cell level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20nanoparticles" title="magnetic nanoparticles">magnetic nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20cell" title=" single cell"> single cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetophoresis" title=" magnetophoresis"> magnetophoresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20analysis" title=" image analysis"> image analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66948/study-of-magnetic-nanoparticles-endocytosis-in-a-single-cell-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3666</span> In-Situ Quasistatic Compression and Microstructural Characterization of Aluminium Foams of Different Cell Topology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Islam">M. A. Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20J.%20Hazell"> P. J. Hazell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20Escobedo"> J. P. Escobedo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Saadatfar"> M. Saadatfar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quasistatic compression and micro structural characterization of closed cell aluminium foams of different pore size and cell distributions has been carried out. Metallic foams have good potential for lightweight structures for impact and blast mitigation and therefore it is important to find out the optimized foam structure (i.e. cell size, shape, relative density, and distribution) to maximize energy absorption. In this paper, we present results for two different aluminium metal foams of density 0.5 g/cc and 0.7 g/cc respectively that have been tested in quasi-static compression. The influence of cell geometry and cell topology on quasistatic compression behavior has been investigated using computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. The compression behavior and micro structural characterization will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20foams" title="metal foams">metal foams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-CT" title=" micro-CT"> micro-CT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20topology" title=" cell topology"> cell topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasistatic%20compression" title=" quasistatic compression"> quasistatic compression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11025/in-situ-quasistatic-compression-and-microstructural-characterization-of-aluminium-foams-of-different-cell-topology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3665</span> Air Conditioning Variation of 1kW Open-Cathode Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Syahirin%20Aisha">Mohammad Syahirin Aisha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairul%20Imran%20Sainan"> Khairul Imran Sainan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The PEM fuel cell is a device that generate electric by electrochemical reaction between hydrogen fuel and oxygen in the fuel cell stack. PEM fuel cell consists of an anode (hydrogen supply), a cathode (oxygen supply) and an electrolyte that allow charges move between the two positions of the fuel cell. The only product being developed after the reaction is water (H2O) and heat as the waste which does not emit greenhouse gasses. The performance of fuel cell affected by numerous parameters. This study is restricted to cathode parameters that affect fuel cell performance. At the anode side, the reactant is not going through any changes. Experiments with variation in air velocity (3m/s, 6m/s and 9m/s), temperature (10oC, 20oC, 35oC) and relative humidity (50%, 60%, and 70%) have been carried out. The experiments results are presented in the form of fuel cell stack power output over time, which demonstrate the impacts of the various air condition on the execution of the PEM fuel cell. In this study, the experimental analysis shows that with variation of air conditions, it gives different fuel cell performance behavior. The maximum power output of the experiment was measured at an ambient temperature of 25oC with relative humidity and 9m/s velocity of air. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air-breathing%20PEM%20fuel%20cell" title="air-breathing PEM fuel cell">air-breathing PEM fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode%20side" title=" cathode side"> cathode side</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation%20in%20air%20condition" title=" variation in air condition"> variation in air condition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24926/air-conditioning-variation-of-1kw-open-cathode-proton-exchange-membrane-pem-fuel-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3664</span> Modelling and Simulation of Light and Temperature Efficient Interdigitated Back- Surface-Contact Solar Cell with 28.81% Efficiency Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahfuzur%20Rahman">Mahfuzur Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Back-contact solar cells improve optical properties by moving all electrically conducting parts to the back of the cell. The cell's structure allows silicon solar cells to surpass the 25% efficiency barrier and interdigitated solar cells are now the most efficient. In this work, the fabrication of a light, efficient and temperature resistant interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cell is investigated. This form of solar cell differs from a conventional solar cell in that the electrodes are located at the back of the cell, eliminating the need for grids on the top, allowing the full surface area of the cell to receive sunlight, resulting in increased efficiency. In this project, we will use SILVACO TCAD, an optoelectronic device simulator, to construct a very thin solar cell with dimensions of 100x250um in 2D Luminous. The influence of sunlight intensity and atmospheric temperature on solar cell output power is highly essential and it has been explored in this work. The cell's optimum performance with 150um bulk thickness provides 28.81% efficiency with an 87.68% fill factor rate making it very thin, flexible and resilient, providing diverse operational capabilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interdigitated" title="interdigitated">interdigitated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shading" title=" shading"> shading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombination%20loss" title=" recombination loss"> recombination loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incident-plane" title=" incident-plane"> incident-plane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drift-diffusion" title=" drift-diffusion"> drift-diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=luminous" title=" luminous"> luminous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SILVACO" title=" SILVACO"> SILVACO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146112/modelling-and-simulation-of-light-and-temperature-efficient-interdigitated-back-surface-contact-solar-cell-with-2881-efficiency-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3663</span> Cell Elevator: A Novel Technique for Cell Sorting and Circulating Tumor Cell Detection and Discrimination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Zhao">Kevin Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norman%20J.%20Horing"> Norman J. Horing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A methodology for cells sorting and circulating tumor cell detection and discrimination is presented in this paper. The technique is based on Dielectrophoresis and microfluidic device theory. Specifically, the sorting of the cells is realized by adjusting the relation among the sedimentation forces, the drag force provided by the fluid, and the Dielectrophortic force that is relevant to the bias voltage applied on the device. The relation leads to manipulation of the elevation of the cells of the same kind to a height by controlling the bias voltage. Once the cells have been lifted to a position next to the bottom of the cell collection channel, the buffer fluid flashes them into the cell collection channel. Repeated elevation of the cells leads to a complete sorting of the cells in the sample chamber. A proof-of-principle example is presented which verifies the feasibility of the methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20sorter" title="cell sorter">cell sorter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CTC%20cell" title=" CTC cell"> CTC cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detection%20and%20discrimination" title=" detection and discrimination"> detection and discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectrophoresisords" title=" dielectrophoresisords"> dielectrophoresisords</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40753/cell-elevator-a-novel-technique-for-cell-sorting-and-circulating-tumor-cell-detection-and-discrimination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3662</span> Adaptive Discharge Time Control for Battery Operation Time Enhancement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong-Bae%20Lee">Jong-Bae Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seongsoo%20Lee"> Seongsoo Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes an adaptive discharge time control method to balance cell voltages in alternating battery cell discharging method. In the alternating battery cell discharging method, battery cells are periodically discharged in turn. Recovery effect increases battery output voltage while the given battery cell rests without discharging, thus battery operation time of target system increases. However, voltage mismatch between cells leads two problems. First, voltage difference between cells induces inter-cell current with wasted power. Second, it degrades battery operation time, since system stops when any cell reaches to the minimum system operation voltage. To solve this problem, the proposed method adaptively controls cell discharge time to equalize both cell voltages. In the proposed method, battery operation time increases about 19%, while alternating battery cell discharging method shows about 7% improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery" title="battery">battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovery%20effect" title=" recovery effect"> recovery effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-power" title=" low-power"> low-power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternating%20battery%20cell%20discharging" title=" alternating battery cell discharging"> alternating battery cell discharging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20discharge%20time%20control" title=" adaptive discharge time control"> adaptive discharge time control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2374/adaptive-discharge-time-control-for-battery-operation-time-enhancement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3661</span> An Approach on the Design of a Solar Cell Characterization Device</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christoph%20Mayer">Christoph Mayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominik%20Holzmann"> Dominik Holzmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the development of a compact, portable and easy to handle solar cell characterization device. The presented device reduces the effort and cost of single solar cell characterization to a minimum. It enables realistic characterization of cells under sunlight within minutes. In the field of photovoltaic research the common way to characterize a single solar cell or a module is, to measure the current voltage curve. With this characteristic the performance and the degradation rate can be defined which are important for the consumer or developer. The paper consists of the system design description, a summary of the measurement results and an outline for further developments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cell" title="solar cell">solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaics" title=" photovoltaics"> photovoltaics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV" title=" PV"> PV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39321/an-approach-on-the-design-of-a-solar-cell-characterization-device" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3660</span> Experimental Investigation of Performance Anode Side of PEM Fuel Cell with Spin Method Coated with YSZ+SDC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BCrol%20%C3%96nal">Gürol Önal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevser%20Din%C3%A7er"> Kevser Dinçer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salih%20Yayla"> Salih Yayla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, performance of proton exchange membrane PEM fuel cell was experimentally investigated. Coating on the anode side of the PEM fuel cell was accomplished with the spin method by using YSZ+SDC. A solution having 0,1 gr YttriaStabilized Zirconia (YSZ) + 0,1 Samarium-Doped Ceria (SDC) + 10 mL methanol was prepared. This solution was taken out and filled into a micro-pipette. Then the anode side of PEM fuel cell was coated with YSZ+ SDC by using spin method. In the experimental study, current, voltage and power performances before and after coating were recorded and then compared to each other. It was found that the efficiency of PEM fuel cell increases after the coating with YSZ+SDC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell" title="fuel cell">fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Polymer%20Electrolyte%20Membrane%20%28PEM%29" title=" Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM)"> Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin%20method" title=" spin method"> spin method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8063/experimental-investigation-of-performance-anode-side-of-pem-fuel-cell-with-spin-method-coated-with-yszsdc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">562</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3659</span> Entry Inhibitors Are Less Effective at Preventing Cell-Associated HIV-2 Infection than HIV-1</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Diniz">A. R. Diniz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Borrego"> P. Borrego</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20B%C3%A1rtolo"> I. Bártolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Taveira"> N. Taveira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cell-to-cell transmission plays a critical role in the spread of HIV-1 infection in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of HIV-1 cell-associated infection by antiretroviral drugs and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is more difficult compared to cell-free infection. Limited data exists on cell-associated infection by HIV-2 and its inhibition. In this work, we determined the ability of entry inhibitors to inhibit HIV-1 and HIV-2 cell-to cell fusion as a proxy to cell-associated infection. We developed a method in which Hela-CD4-cells are first transfected with a Tat expressing plasmid (pcDNA3.1+/Tat101) and infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing either the HIV-1 (vPE16: from isolate HTLV-IIIB, clone BH8, X4 tropism) or HIV-2 (vSC50: from HIV-2SBL/ISY, R5 and X4 tropism) envelope glycoproteins (M.O.I.=1 PFU/cell).These cells are added to TZM-bl cells. When cell-to-cell fusion (syncytia) occurs the Tat protein diffuses to the TZM-bl cells activating the expression of a reporter gene (luciferase). We tested several entry inhibitors including the fusion inhibitors T1249, T20 and P3, the CCR5 antagonists MVC and TAK-779, the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 and several HIV-2 neutralizing antibodies (Nabs). All compounds inhibited HIV-1 and HIV-2 cell fusion albeit to different levels. Maximum percentage of HIV-2 inhibition (MPI) was higher for fusion inhibitors (T1249- 99.8%; P3- 95%, T20-90%) followed by co-receptor antagonists (MVC- 63%; TAK-779- 55%; AMD3100- 45%). NAbs from HIV-2 infected patients did not prevent cell fusion up to the tested concentration of 4μg/ml. As for HIV-1, MPI reached 100% with TAK-779 and T1249. For the other antivirals, MPIs were: P3-79%; T20-75%; AMD3100-61%; MVC-65%.These results are consistent with published data. Maraviroc had the lowest IC50 both for HIV-2 and HIV-1 (IC50 HIV-2= 0.06 μM; HIV-1=0.0076μM). Highest IC50 were observed with T20 for HIV-2 (3.86μM) and with TAK-779 for HIV-1 (12.64μM). Overall, our results show that entry inhibitors in clinical use are less effective at preventing Env mediated cell-to-cell-fusion in HIV-2 than in HIV-1 which suggests that cell-associated HIV-2 infection will be more difficult to inhibit compared to HIV-1. The method described here will be useful to screen for new HIV entry inhibitors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell-to-cell%20fusion" title="cell-to-cell fusion">cell-to-cell fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entry%20inhibitors" title=" entry inhibitors"> entry inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV" title=" HIV"> HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NAbs" title=" NAbs"> NAbs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccinia%20virus" title=" vaccinia virus"> vaccinia virus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42899/entry-inhibitors-are-less-effective-at-preventing-cell-associated-hiv-2-infection-than-hiv-1" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42899.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3658</span> The Current Use of Cell Phone in Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20A.%20Alsadoon">Elham A. Alsadoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamadah%20B.%20Alsadoon"> Hamadah B. Alsadoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Educators try to design learning environments that are preferred by their students. With the wide-spread adoption of cell phones surpassing any other technology, educators should not fail to invest in the power of such technology. This study aimed to explore the current use of cell phones in education among Saudi students in Saudi universities and how students perceive such use. Data was collected from 237 students at King Saud University. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data. A T-test for independent groups was used to examine whether there was a significant difference between males and females in their perception of using cell phones in education. Findings suggested that students have a positive attitude toward the use of cell phones in education. The most accepted use was for sending notification to students, which has already been experienced through the Twasel system provided by King Saud University. This electronic system allows instructors to easily send any SMS or email to their students. The use of cell phone applications came in the second rank of using cell phones in education. Students have already experienced the benefits of having these applications handy wherever they go. On the other hand, they did not perceive using cell phones for assessment as practical educational usage. No gender difference was detected in terms of students’ perceptions toward using cell phones in education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20phone" title="cell phone">cell phone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title=" mobile learning"> mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20sciences" title=" educational sciences"> educational sciences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27787/the-current-use-of-cell-phone-in-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27787.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3657</span> Bioremediation of Phenol in Wastewater Using Polymer-Supported Bacteria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Areej%20K.%20Al-Jwaid">Areej K. Al-Jwaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitiry%20Berllio"> Dmitiry Berllio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Cundy"> Andrew Cundy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20Savina"> Irina Savina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20L.%20Caplin"> Jonathan L. Caplin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phenol is a toxic compound that is widely distributed in the environment including the atmosphere, water and soil, due to the release of effluents from the petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries, coking plants and oil refineries. Moreover, a range of daily products, using phenol as a raw material, may find their way into the environment without prior treatment. The toxicity of phenol effects both human and environment health, and various physio-chemical methods to remediate phenol contamination have been used. While these techniques are effective, their complexity and high cost had led to search for alternative strategies to reduce and eliminate high concentrations of phenolic compounds in the environment. Biological treatments are preferable because they are environmentally friendly and cheaper than physico-chemical approaches. Some microorganisms such as Pseudomonas sp., Rhodococus sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Bacillus sp. have shown a high ability to degrade phenolic compounds to provide a sole source of energy. Immobilisation process utilising various materials have been used to protect and enhance the viability of cells, and to provide structural support for the bacterial cells. The aim of this study is to develop a new approach to the bioremediation of phenol based on an immobilisation strategy that can be used in wastewater. In this study, two bacterial species known to be phenol degrading bacteria (Pseudomonas mendocina and Rhodococus koreensis) were purchased from National Collection of Industrial, Food and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB). The two species and mixture of them were immobilised to produce macro porous crosslinked cell cryogels samples by using four types of cross-linker polymer solutions in a cryogelation process. The samples were used in a batch culture to degrade phenol at an initial concentration of 50mg/L at pH 7.5±0.3 and a temperature of 30°C. The four types of polymer solution - i. glutaraldehyde (GA), ii. Polyvinyl alcohol with glutaraldehyde (PVA+GA), iii. Polyvinyl alcohol–aldehyde (PVA-al) and iv. Polyetheleneimine–aldehyde (PEI-al), were used at different concentrations, ranging from 0.5 to 1.5% to crosslink the cells. The results of SEM and rheology analysis indicated that cell-cryogel samples crosslinked with the four cross-linker polymers formed monolithic macro porous cryogels. The samples were evaluated for their ability to degrade phenol. Macro porous cell–cryogels crosslinked with GA and PVA+GA showed an ability to degrade phenol for only one week, while the other samples crosslinked with a combination of PVA-al + PEI-al at two different concentrations have shown higher stability and viability to reuse to degrade phenol at concentration (50 mg/L) for five weeks. The initial results of using crosslinked cell cryogel samples to degrade phenol indicate that is a promising tool for bioremediation strategies especially to eliminate and remove the high concentration of phenol in wastewater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioremediation" title="bioremediation">bioremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosslinked%20cells" title=" crosslinked cells"> crosslinked cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilisation" title=" immobilisation"> immobilisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenol%20degradation" title=" phenol degradation"> phenol degradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54289/bioremediation-of-phenol-in-wastewater-using-polymer-supported-bacteria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3656</span> Synthesis and Application of Oligosaccharides Representing Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mads%20H.%20Clausen">Mads H. Clausen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plant cell walls are structurally complex and contain a larger number of diverse carbohydrate polymers. These plant fibers are a highly valuable bio-resource and the focus of food, energy and health research. We are interested in studying the interplay of plant cell wall carbohydrates with proteins such as enzymes, cell surface lectins and antibodies. However, detailed molecular level investigations of such interactions are hampered by the heterogeneity and diversity of the polymers of interest. To circumvent this, we target well-defined oligosaccharides with representative structures that can be used for characterizing protein-carbohydrate binding. The presentation will highlight chemical syntheses of plant cell wall oligosaccharides from our group and provide examples from studies of their interactions with proteins. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oligosaccharides" title="oligosaccharides">oligosaccharides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbohydrate%20chemistry" title=" carbohydrate chemistry"> carbohydrate chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20cell%20walls" title=" plant cell walls"> plant cell walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbohydrate-acting%20enzymes" title=" carbohydrate-acting enzymes"> carbohydrate-acting enzymes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13547/synthesis-and-application-of-oligosaccharides-representing-plant-cell-wall-polysaccharides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3655</span> Structural Evaluation of Cell-Filled Pavement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subrat%20Roy">Subrat Roy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the findings of a study carried out for evaluating the performance of cell-filled pavement for low volume roads. Details of laboratory investigations and the methodology adopted for construction of cell-filled pavement are presented. The aim of this study is to evaluate the structural behaviour of cement concrete filled cell pavement laid over three different types of subbases (water bound macadam, soil-cement and moorum). A formwork of cells of a thin plastic sheet was used to construct the cell-filled pavements to form flexible, interlocked block pavements. Surface deflections were measured using falling weight deflectometer and benkelman beam methods. Resilient moduli of pavement layers were estimated from the measured deflections. A comparison of deflections obtained from both the methodology is also presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell-filled%20pavement" title="cell-filled pavement">cell-filled pavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WBM" title=" WBM"> WBM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FWD" title=" FWD"> FWD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moorum" title=" Moorum"> Moorum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19215/structural-evaluation-of-cell-filled-pavement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19215.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3654</span> Parental Monitoring of Learners’ Cell Phone Use in the Eastern Cape, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melikhaya%20Skhephe">Melikhaya Skhephe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Mawuli%20Kwasi%20Boadzo"> Robert Mawuli Kwasi Boadzo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zanoxolo%20Berington%20Gobingca"> Zanoxolo Berington Gobingca</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research study sought to examine parental monitoring of learners’ cell phone use in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. To this end, the researchers employed a quantitative approach. Data were obtained through questionnaires, with a sample of 15 parents having been purposively selected. The findings revealed that parents are unaware that they have to monitor the learner’s cell phone. Another finding was that parents in the 21-century did not support the use of mobile phones in education. The researchers recommend that parent’s discussion forums be created to educate parents on how a cell phone can be used in education. Cellphone companies need to be encouraged to educate parents on how they monitor cell phones used by learners. Another recommendation was that network providers need to restrict access to searching on the internet according to age. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20monitoring" title="parental monitoring">parental monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=app%20blocking%20services" title=" app blocking services"> app blocking services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learner%E2%80%99s%20cell%20phone%20use" title=" learner’s cell phone use"> learner’s cell phone use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20phone" title=" cell phone"> cell phone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130742/parental-monitoring-of-learners-cell-phone-use-in-the-eastern-cape-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3653</span> Mathematical Modeling of Cell Volume Alterations under Different Osmotic Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20A.%20Knocikova">Juliana A. Knocikova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yann%20Bouret"> Yann Bouret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Argentina"> Médéric Argentina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurent%20Counillon"> Laurent Counillon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cell volume, together with membrane potential and intracellular hydrogen ion concentration, is an essential biophysical parameter for normal cellular activity. Cell volumes can be altered by osmotically active compounds and extracellular tonicity. In this study, a simple mathematical model of osmotically induced cell swelling and shrinking is presented. Emphasis is given to water diffusion across the membrane. The mathematical description of the cellular behavior consists in a system of coupled ordinary differential equations. We compare experimental data of cell volume alterations driven by differences in osmotic pressure with mathematical simulations under hypotonic and hypertonic conditions. Implications for a future model are also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eukaryotic%20cell" title="eukaryotic cell">eukaryotic cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title=" mathematical modeling"> mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osmosis" title=" osmosis"> osmosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20alterations" title=" volume alterations"> volume alterations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13267/mathematical-modeling-of-cell-volume-alterations-under-different-osmotic-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3652</span> Dynamic Thermal Modelling of a PEMFC-Type Fuel Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Avila%20Lopez">Marco Avila Lopez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasnae%20Ait-Douchi"> Hasnae Ait-Douchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvia%20De%20Los%20Santos"> Silvia De Los Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badr%20Eddine%20Lebrouhi"> Badr Eddine Lebrouhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pamela%20Ram%C3%ADrez%20Vidal"> Pamela Ramírez Vidal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the context of the energy transition, fuel cell technology has emerged as a solution for harnessing hydrogen energy and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. An in-depth study was conducted on a PEMFC-type fuel cell, with an initiation of an analysis of its operational principles and constituent components. Subsequently, the modelling of the fuel cell was undertaken using the Python programming language, encompassing both steady-state and transient regimes. In the case of the steady-state regime, the physical and electrochemical phenomena occurring within the fuel cell were modelled, with the assumption of uniform temperature throughout all cell compartments. Parametric identification was carried out, resulting in a remarkable mean error of only 1.62% when the model results were compared to experimental data documented in the literature. The dynamic model that was developed enabled the scrutiny of the fuel cell's response in terms of temperature and voltage under varying current conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell" title="fuel cell">fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic" title=" dynamic"> dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20model" title=" thermal model"> thermal model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEMFC" title=" PEMFC"> PEMFC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176646/dynamic-thermal-modelling-of-a-pemfc-type-fuel-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3651</span> Single Cell Sorter Driven by Resonance Vibration of Cell Culture Substrate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Misa%20Nakao">Misa Nakao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuta%20Kurashina"> Yuta Kurashina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chikahiro%20Imashiro"> Chikahiro Imashiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenjiro%20Takemura"> Kenjiro Takemura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Research Goal: With the growing demand for regenerative medicine, an effective mass cell culture process is required. In a repetitive subculture process for proliferating cells, preparing single cell suspension which does not contain any cell aggregates is highly required because cell aggregates often raise various undesirable phenomena, e.g., apoptosis and decrease of cell proliferation. Since cell aggregates often occur in cell suspension during conventional subculture processes, this study proposes a single cell sorter driven by a resonance vibration of a cell culture substrate. The Method and the Result: The single cell sorter is simply composed of a cell culture substrate and a glass pipe vertically placed against the cell culture substrate with a certain gap corresponding to a cell diameter. The cell culture substrate is made of biocompatible stainless steel with a piezoelectric ceramic disk glued to the bottom side. Applying AC voltage to the piezoelectric ceramic disk, an out-of-plane resonance vibration with a single nodal circle of the cell culture substrate can be excited at 5.5 kHz. By doing so, acoustic radiation force is emitted, and then cell suspension containing only single cells is pumped into the pipe and collected. This single cell sorter is effective to collect single cells selectively in spite of its quite simple structure. We collected C2C12 myoblast cell suspension by the single cell sorter with the vibration amplitude of 12 µmp-p and evaluated the ratio of single cells in number against the entire cells in the suspension. Additionally, we cultured the collected cells for 72 hrs and measured the number of cells after the cultivation in order to evaluate their proliferation. As a control sample, we also collected cell suspension by conventional pipetting, and evaluated the ratio of single cells and the number of cells after the 72-hour cultivation. The ratio of single cells in the cell suspension collected by the single cell sorter was 98.2%. This ratio was 9.6% higher than that collected by conventional pipetting (statistically significant). Moreover, the number of cells cultured for 72 hrs after the collection by the single cell sorter yielded statistically more cells than that collected by pipetting, resulting in a 13.6% increase in proliferated cells. These results suggest that the cell suspension collected by the single cell sorter driven by the resonance vibration hardly contains cell aggregates whose diameter is larger than the gap between the cell culture substrate and the pipe. Consequently, the cell suspension collected by the single cell sorter maintains high cell proliferation. Conclusions: In this study, we developed a single cell sorter capable of sorting and pumping single cells by a resonance vibration of a cell culture substrate. The experimental results show the single cell sorter collects single cell suspension which hardly contains cell aggregates. Furthermore, the collected cells show higher proliferation than that of cells collected by conventional pipetting. This means the resonance vibration of the cell culture substrate can benefit us with the increase in efficiency of mass cell culture process for clinical applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20radiation%20force" title="acoustic radiation force">acoustic radiation force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20proliferation" title=" cell proliferation"> cell proliferation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regenerative%20medicine" title=" regenerative medicine"> regenerative medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonance%20vibration" title=" resonance vibration"> resonance vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20cell%20sorter" title=" single cell sorter"> single cell sorter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61220/single-cell-sorter-driven-by-resonance-vibration-of-cell-culture-substrate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3650</span> Influence of Preheating Self-Adhesive Cements on the Degree of Conversion, Cell Migration and Cell Viability in NIH/3T3</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celso%20Afonso%20Klein%20Jr.">Celso Afonso Klein Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henrique%20Cantarelli"> Henrique Cantarelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20Portella"> Fernando Portella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keiichi%20Hosaka"> Keiichi Hosaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduardo%20Reston"> Eduardo Reston</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabricio%20Collares"> Fabricio Collares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20Zimmer"> Roberto Zimmer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> TTo evaluate the influence of preheating self-adhesive cement at 39ºC on cell migration, cytotoxicity and degree of conversion. RelyX U200, Set PP and MaxCem Elite were subjected to a degree of conversion analysis (FTIR-ATR). For the cytotoxicity analysis, extracts (24 h and 7 days) were placed in contact with NIH/3T3 cells. For cell migration, images were captured of each sample until the possible closure of the cleft occurred. In the results of the degree of conversion, preheating did not improve the conversion of cement. For the MTT, preheating did not improve the results within 24 hours. However, it generated positive results within 7 days for the Set PP resin cement. For cell migration, high rates of cell death were found in all groups. It is concluded that preheating at 39ºC caused a positive effect only in increasing the cell viability of the Set PP resin cement and that both materials analyzed are highly cytotoxic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20cements" title="dental cements">dental cements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resin%20cements" title=" resin cements"> resin cements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20conversion" title=" degree of conversion"> degree of conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity" title=" cytotoxicity"> cytotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20migration%20assays" title=" cell migration assays"> cell migration assays</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179105/influence-of-preheating-self-adhesive-cements-on-the-degree-of-conversion-cell-migration-and-cell-viability-in-nih3t3" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3649</span> Rauvolfine B Isolated from the Bark of Rauvolfia reflexa (Apocynaceae) Induces Apoptosis through Activation of Caspase-9 Coupled with S Phase Cell Cycle Arrest</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehran%20Fadaeinasab">Mehran Fadaeinasab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Karimian"> Hamed Karimian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najihah%20Mohd%20Hashim"> Najihah Mohd Hashim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hapipah%20Mohd%20Ali"> Hapipah Mohd Ali </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, three indole alkaloids namely; rauvolfine B, macusine B, and isoreserpiline have been isolated from the dichloromethane crude extract of Rauvolfia reflexa bark (Apocynaceae). The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds has been performed using spectral methods such as UV, IR, MS, 1D, and 2D NMR. Rauvolfine B showed anti proliferation activity on HCT-116 cancer cell line, its cytotoxicity induction was observed using MTT assay in eight different cell lines. Annexin-V is serving as a marker for apoptotic cells and the Annexin-V-FITC assay was carried out to observe the detection of cell-surface Phosphatidylserine (PS). Apoptosis was confirmed by using caspase-8 and -9 assays. Cell cycle arrest was also investigated using flowcytometric analysis. rauvolfine B had exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cell line. The treatment significantly arrested HCT-116 cells in the S phase. Together, the results presented in this study demonstrated that rauvolfine B inhibited the proliferation of HCT-116 cells and programmed cell death followed by cell cycle arrest. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apocynacea" title="apocynacea">apocynacea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indole%20alkaloid" title=" indole alkaloid"> indole alkaloid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title=" apoptosis"> apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20cycle%20arrest" title=" cell cycle arrest"> cell cycle arrest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13403/rauvolfine-b-isolated-from-the-bark-of-rauvolfia-reflexa-apocynaceae-induces-apoptosis-through-activation-of-caspase-9-coupled-with-s-phase-cell-cycle-arrest" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3648</span> On the Thermodynamics of Biological Cell Adhesion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Nadler">Ben Nadler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cell adhesion plays a vital role in many cell activities. The motivation to model cell adhesion is to study important biological processes, such as cell spreading, cell aggregation, tissue formation, and cell adhesion, which are very challenging to study by experimental methods alone. This study provides important insight into cell adhesion, which can lead to improve regenerative medicine and tissue formation techniques. In this presentation the biological cells adhesion is mediated by receptors–ligands binding and the diffusivity of the receptor on the cell membrane surface. The ability of receptors to diffuse on the cell membrane surface yields a very unique and complicated adhesion mechanism, which is exclusive to cells. The phospholipid bilayer, which is the main component in the cell membrane, shows fluid-like behavior associated with the molecules’ diffusivity. The biological cell is modeled as a fluid-like membrane with negligible bending stiffness enclosing the cytoplasm fluid. The in-plane mechanical behavior of the cell membrane is assumed to depend only on the area change, which is motivated by the fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer. In addition, the presence of receptors influences on the local mechanical properties of the cell membrane is accounted for by including stress-free area change, which depends on the receptor density. Based on the physical properties of the receptors and ligands the attraction between the receptors and ligands is modeled as a charged-nonpolar which is a noncovalent interaction. Such interaction is a short-range type, which decays fast with distance. The mobility of the receptor on the cell membrane is modeled using the diffusion equation and Fick’s law is used to model the receptor–receptor interactions. The resultant interaction force, which includes receptor–ligand and receptor–receptor interaction, is decomposed into tangential part, which governs the receptor diffusion, and normal part, which governs the cell deformation and adhesion. The formulation of the governing equations and numerical simulations will be presented. Analysis of the adhesion characteristic and properties are discussed. The roles of various thermomechanical properties of the cell, receptors and ligands on the cell adhesion are investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20adhesion" title="cell adhesion">cell adhesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20membrane" title=" cell membrane"> cell membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=receptor-ligand%20interaction" title=" receptor-ligand interaction"> receptor-ligand interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=receptor%20diffusion" title=" receptor diffusion"> receptor diffusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37546/on-the-thermodynamics-of-biological-cell-adhesion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3647</span> Numerical Simulation of a Single Cell Passing through a Narrow Slit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lanlan%20Xiao">Lanlan Xiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Liu"> Yang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuo%20Chen"> Shuo Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bingmei%20Fu"> Bingmei Fu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis. Metastasis is a complex, multistep processes including the detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor and the migration to distant targeted organs through blood and/or lymphatic circulations. During hematogenous metastasis, the emigration of tumor cells from the blood stream through the vascular wall into the tissue involves arrest in the microvasculature, adhesion to the endothelial cells forming the microvessel wall and transmigration to the tissue through the endothelial barrier termed as extravasation. The narrow slit between endothelial cells that line the microvessel wall is the principal pathway for tumor cell extravasation to the surrounding tissue. To understand this crucial step for tumor hematogenous metastasis, we used Dissipative Particle Dynamics method to investigate an individual cell passing through a narrow slit numerically. The cell membrane was simulated by a spring-based network model which can separate the internal cytoplasm and surrounding fluid. The effects of the cell elasticity, cell shape and cell surface area increase, and slit size on the cell transmigration through the slit were investigated. Under a fixed driven force, the cell with higher elasticity can be elongated more and pass faster through the slit. When the slit width decreases to 2/3 of the cell diameter, the spherical cell becomes jammed despite reducing its elasticity modulus by 10 times. However, transforming the cell from a spherical to ellipsoidal shape and increasing the cell surface area only by 3% can enable the cell to pass the narrow slit. Therefore the cell shape and surface area increase play a more important role than the cell elasticity in cell passing through the narrow slit. In addition, the simulation results indicate that the cell migration velocity decreases during entry but increases during exit of the slit, which is qualitatively in agreement with the experimental observation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissipative%20particle%20dynamics" title="dissipative particle dynamics">dissipative particle dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformability" title=" deformability"> deformability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20area%20increase" title=" surface area increase"> surface area increase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20migration" title=" cell migration"> cell migration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40189/numerical-simulation-of-a-single-cell-passing-through-a-narrow-slit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilised%20cell&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilised%20cell&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilised%20cell&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilised%20cell&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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