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id="toc-Artistic_period_(1958–1962)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artistic_period_(1958–1962)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Artistic period (1958–1962)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artistic_period_(1958–1962)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_period_(1963–1968)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_period_(1963–1968)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Political period (1963–1968)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_period_(1963–1968)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_events_(1968)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_events_(1968)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>May events (1968)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_events_(1968)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath_(1968–1972)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath_(1968–1972)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Aftermath (1968–1972)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath_(1968–1972)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_concepts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_concepts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Main concepts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_concepts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Main concepts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Main_concepts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_spectacle_and_its_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_spectacle_and_its_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>The spectacle and its society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_spectacle_and_its_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Détournement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Détournement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Détournement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Détournement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-capitalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-capitalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Anti-capitalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-capitalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Art and politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_construction_of_situations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_construction_of_situations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>The construction of situations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_construction_of_situations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psychogeography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychogeography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Psychogeography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychogeography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dérive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dérive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>Dérive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dérive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Political theory</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_theory-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political theory subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Major works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_Marxism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_Marxism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Relationship with Marxism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_Marxism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_anarchism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_anarchism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Relationship with anarchism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_anarchism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_the_established_left" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_the_established_left"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Relationship with the established left</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_the_established_left-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punk_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punk_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Punk and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punk_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Situationist International</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أممية موقفية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أممية موقفية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrevroadel_saviadelour" title="Etrevroadel saviadelour – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Etrevroadel saviadelour" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situacionisme" title="Situacionisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Situacionisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situacionistick%C3%A1_internacion%C3%A1la" title="Situacionistická internacionála – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Situacionistická internacionála" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_situationniste" title="Internationale situationniste – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Internationale situationniste" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situationistisk_Internationale" title="Situationistisk Internationale – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Situationistisk Internationale" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situationistische_Internationale" title="Situationistische Internationale – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Situationistische Internationale" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Καταστασιακή Διεθνής – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καταστασιακή Διεθνής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacional_Situacionista" title="Internacional Situacionista – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Internacional Situacionista" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situaciista_Internacio" title="Situaciista Internacio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Situaciista Internacio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="بین‌الملل موقعیت‌گرا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بین‌الملل موقعیت‌گرا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_situationniste" title="Internationale situationniste – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Internationale situationniste" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situacionisti%C4%8Dka_internacionala" title="Situacionistička internacionala – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Situacionistička internacionala" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situazionismo" title="Situazionismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Situazionismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalis_Situationista" title="Internationalis Situationista – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Internationalis Situationista" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situacionizmas" title="Situacionizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Situacionizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situationisten" title="Situationisten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Situationisten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AA%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB" title="シチュアシオニスト・インターナショナル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シチュアシオニスト・インターナショナル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_situasjonistiske_internasjonale" title="Den situasjonistiske internasjonale – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den situasjonistiske internasjonale" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situasjonistiske_Internasjonale" title="Situasjonistiske Internasjonale – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Situasjonistiske Internasjonale" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacionala_Situacionista" title="Internacionala Situacionista – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Internacionala Situacionista" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sytuacjonizm_(ruch_spo%C5%82eczno-artystyczny)" title="Sytuacjonizm (ruch społeczno-artystyczny) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sytuacjonizm (ruch społeczno-artystyczny)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacional_Situacionista" title="Internacional Situacionista – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Internacional Situacionista" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interna%C8%9Bionala_Situa%C8%9Bionist%C4%83" title="Internaționala Situaționistă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Internaționala Situaționistă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ситуационизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ситуационизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situacionisti%C4%8Dka_internacionala" title="Situacionistička internacionala – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Situacionistička internacionala" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situacionisti%C4%8Dka_internacionala" title="Situacionistička internacionala – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Situacionistička internacionala" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansainv%C3%A4liset_situationistit" title="Kansainväliset situationistit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kansainväliset situationistit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situationisterna" title="Situationisterna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Situationisterna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Situationism" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Situationism_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Situationism (disambiguation)">Situationism (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Situationist International</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Situationist_International_1957.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Situationist_International_1957.png/220px-Situationist_International_1957.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Situationist_International_1957.png/330px-Situationist_International_1957.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fd/Situationist_International_1957.png 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="236" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Certain founding members of the Situationist International in 1957. From left to right: <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pinot-Gallizio" title="Giuseppe Pinot-Gallizio">Giuseppe Pinot-Gallizio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piero_Simondo" title="Piero Simondo">Piero Simondo</a>, Elena Verrone, <a href="/wiki/Michele_Bernstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Michele Bernstein">Michele Bernstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asger_Jorn" title="Asger Jorn">Asger Jorn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Olmo" title="Walter Olmo">Walter Olmo</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">SI</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Named after</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Situation_(Sartre)" title="Situation (Sartre)">Situation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Movement_for_an_Imaginist_Bauhaus" title="International Movement for an Imaginist Bauhaus">International Movement for an Imaginist Bauhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letterist_International" title="Letterist International">Letterist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Psychogeographical_Association" title="London Psychogeographical Association">London Psychogeographical Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1957<span class="noprint">; 67 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1957</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asger_Jorn" title="Asger Jorn">Asger Jorn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded at</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cosio_di_Arroscia" title="Cosio di Arroscia">Cosio di Arroscia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data">1972<span class="noprint">; 52 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1972</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Merger of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gruppe_SPUR" title="Gruppe SPUR">Gruppe SPUR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Methods</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9rive" title="Dérive">Dérive</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tournement" title="Détournement">Détournement</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypergraphy" title="Hypergraphy">Situlogy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">De facto leader and theorist</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Guy Debord</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Bernstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Michele Bernstein">Michele Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustapha_Khayati" title="Mustapha Khayati">Mustapha Khayati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinot_Gallizio" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinot Gallizio">Pinot Gallizio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Becker-Ho" title="Alice Becker-Ho">Alice Becker-Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attila_Kotanyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Attila Kotanyi">Attila Kotanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Nieuwenhuys" title="Constant Nieuwenhuys">Constant Nieuwenhuys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Rumney" title="Ralph Rumney">Ralph Rumney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Sanguinetti" title="Gianfranco Sanguinetti">Gianfranco Sanguinetti</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Trocchi" title="Alexander Trocchi">Alexander Trocchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Vi%C3%A9net" title="René Viénet">René Viénet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Internationale Situationniste</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Secessions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Gruppe SPUR</li> <li>Nashists</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Situationist_International" title="Second Situationist International">Second Situationist International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="#ff0000;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">Politics</a> series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0 0.2em 0.4em;font-size:145%;">The <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Situationist International</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0 0 1.0em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Situationist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Situationist.jpg/180px-Situationist.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Situationist.jpg/270px-Situationist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Situationist.jpg/360px-Situationist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">"<a href="/wiki/Il_est_interdit_d%27interdire_!" title="Il est interdit d'interdire !">It is forbidden to forbid</a>"</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">Anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_consciousness" title="Class consciousness">Class consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Class struggle">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9rive" title="Dérive">Dérive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tournement" title="Détournement">Détournement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychogeography" title="Psychogeography">Psychogeography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recuperation_(politics)" title="Recuperation (politics)">Recuperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_(Sartre)" title="Situation (Sartre)">Situation (Sartre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_prank" title="Situationist prank">Situationist prank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectacle_(critical_theory)" title="Spectacle (critical theory)">Spectacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_urbanism" title="Unitary urbanism">Unitary urbanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_revolution" title="World revolution">World revolution</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Situationist_International" title="Members of the Situationist International">People</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Bernstein" title="Michèle Bernstein">Michèle Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Chtcheglov" title="Ivan Chtcheglov">Ivan Chtcheglov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_de_Jong" title="Jacqueline de Jong">Jacqueline de Jong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asger_Jorn" title="Asger Jorn">Asger Jorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attila_Kot%C3%A1nyi" title="Attila Kotányi">Attila Kotányi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Nash" title="Jørgen Nash">Jørgen Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Nieuwenhuys" title="Constant Nieuwenhuys">Constant Nieuwenhuys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Radcliffe" title="Charles Radcliffe">Charles Radcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Rumney" title="Ralph Rumney">Ralph Rumney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Sanguinetti" title="Gianfranco Sanguinetti">Gianfranco Sanguinetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Trocchi" title="Alexander Trocchi">Alexander Trocchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Vaneigem" title="Raoul Vaneigem">Raoul Vaneigem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Vi%C3%A9net" title="René Viénet">René Viénet</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Works</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Can_Dialectics_Break_Bricks%3F" title="Can Dialectics Break Bricks?">Can Dialectics Break Bricks?</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9moires" title="Mémoires">Mémoires</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Poverty_of_Student_Life" title="On the Poverty of Student Life">On the Poverty of Student Life</a></i></li> <li><i><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Report_on_the_Construction_of_Situations" title="Report on the Construction of Situations">Report on the Construction<br />of Situations</a></div></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_of_Everyday_Life" title="The Revolution of Everyday Life">The Revolution of Everyday Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle" title="The Society of the Spectacle">The Society of the Spectacle</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letterist_International" title="Letterist International">Letterist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Fleet" title="Golden Fleet">Golden Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruppe_SPUR" title="Gruppe SPUR">Gruppe SPUR</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Movement_for_an_Imaginist_Bauhaus" title="International Movement for an Imaginist Bauhaus">International Movement for an<br /> Imaginist Bauhaus (IMIB)</a></div></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Situationist International</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Council_for_Maintaining_the_Occupations" title="Council for Maintaining the Occupations">Council for Maintaining<br />the Occupations</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Situationist_International" title="Second Situationist International">Second Situationist International</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">Anarchist communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">Council communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Marxism">Libertarian Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-leftism" title="Ultra-leftism">Ultra-leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_International_Party" title="Youth International Party">Youth International Party</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/16px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/24px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/32px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" 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.navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Situationist_International_sidebar" title="Template:Situationist International sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Situationist_International_sidebar" title="Template talk:Situationist International sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Situationist_International_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Situationist International sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Situationist International</b> (<b>SI</b>) was an <a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">international</a> organization of social revolutionaries made up of <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> artists, intellectuals, and <a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">political theorists</a>. It was prominent in Europe from its formation in 1957 to its dissolution in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plant1992TheMost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The intellectual foundations of the Situationist International were derived primarily from <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Marxism">libertarian Marxism</a> and the avant-garde <a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">art movements</a> of the early 20th century, particularly <a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plant1992TheMost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, situationist theory represented an attempt to synthesize this diverse field of theoretical disciplines into a modern and comprehensive critique of mid-20th century <a href="/wiki/Advanced_capitalism" title="Advanced capitalism">advanced capitalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plant1992TheMost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Essential to situationist theory was the concept of <a href="/wiki/Spectacle_(critical_theory)" title="Spectacle (critical theory)">the spectacle</a>, a unified critique of advanced capitalism of which a primary concern was the progressively increasing tendency towards the expression and mediation of <a href="/wiki/Social_relation" title="Social relation">social relations</a> through <a href="/wiki/Commodity_(Marxism)" title="Commodity (Marxism)">images</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1967Society_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1967Society-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situationists believed that the shift from individual expression through directly lived experiences, or the first-hand fulfillment of authentic desires, to individual expression by proxy through the exchange or <a href="/wiki/Consumption_(sociology)" title="Consumption (sociology)">consumption</a> of <a href="/wiki/Commodity_(Marxism)" title="Commodity (Marxism)">commodities</a>, or passive second-hand alienation, inflicted significant and far-reaching damage to the quality of human life for both individuals and society.<sup id="cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plant1992TheMost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another important concept of situationist theory was the primary means of counteracting the spectacle; the construction of situations, moments of life deliberately constructed for the purpose of reawakening and pursuing authentic desires, experiencing the feeling of life and adventure, and the liberation of everyday life.<sup id="cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plant1992TheMost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Debord1958Definitions_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1958Definitions-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The situationists recognized that capitalism had changed since <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>'s formative writings, but maintained that his analysis of the <a href="/wiki/Capitalist_mode_of_production_(Marxist_theory)" title="Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)">capitalist mode of production</a> remained fundamentally correct; they rearticulated and expanded upon several <a href="/wiki/Classical_Marxism" title="Classical Marxism">classical Marxist</a> concepts, such as his <a href="/wiki/Marx%27s_theory_of_alienation" title="Marx's theory of alienation">theory of alienation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plant1992TheMost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In their expanded interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist theory</a>, the situationists asserted that the misery of <a href="/wiki/Marx%27s_theory_of_alienation" title="Marx's theory of alienation">social alienation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commodity_fetishism" title="Commodity fetishism">commodity fetishism</a> were no longer limited to the fundamental components of capitalist society, but had now in advanced capitalism spread themselves to every aspect of life and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plant1992TheMost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They rejected the idea that advanced capitalism's apparent successes—such as technological advancement, increased productive capacity, and a raised general quality of life when compared to previous systems, such as feudalism—could ever outweigh the social dysfunction and degradation of everyday life that it simultaneously inflicted.<sup id="cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plant1992TheMost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the Situationist International was first formed, it had a predominantly artistic focus; emphasis was placed on concepts like <a href="/wiki/Unitary_urbanism" title="Unitary urbanism">unitary urbanism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychogeography" title="Psychogeography">psychogeography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plant1992TheMost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gradually, however, that focus shifted more towards revolutionary and political theory.<sup id="cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plant1992TheMost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Situationist International reached the apex of its creative output and influence in 1967 and 1968, with the former marking the publication of the two most significant texts of the situationist movement, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle" title="The Society of the Spectacle">The Society of the Spectacle</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_of_Everyday_Life" title="The Revolution of Everyday Life">The Revolution of Everyday Life</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Vaneigem" title="Raoul Vaneigem">Raoul Vaneigem</a>. The expressed writing and political theory of the two aforementioned texts, along with other situationist publications, proved greatly influential in shaping the ideas behind the <a href="/wiki/May_1968_events_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1968 events in France">May 1968 insurrections in France</a>; quotes, phrases, and slogans from situationist texts and publications were ubiquitous on posters and graffiti throughout France during the uprisings.<sup id="cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plant1992TheMost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_usage">Etymology and usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "situationist" refers to the construction of situations, one of the early central concepts of the Situationist International; the term also refers to any individuals engaged in the construction of situations, or, more narrowly, to members of the Situationist International.<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1958Definitions_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1958Definitions-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Situationist theory sees the situation as a tool for the liberation of everyday life, a method of negating the pervasive <a href="/wiki/Marx%27s_theory_of_alienation" title="Marx's theory of alienation">alienation</a> that accompanied the <a href="/wiki/Spectacle_(critical_theory)" title="Spectacle (critical theory)">spectacle</a>. The founding manifesto of the Situationist International, <i><a href="/wiki/Report_on_the_Construction_of_Situations" title="Report on the Construction of Situations">Report on the Construction of Situations</a></i> (1957), defined the construction of situations as "the concrete construction of momentary ambiances of life and their transformation into a superior <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/passional#Adjective" class="extiw" title="wikt:passional">passional</a> quality."<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1957Report-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Internationale Situationniste</i> No. 1 (June 1958) defined the constructed situation as "a moment of life concretely and deliberately constructed by the collective organization of a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unitary#Adjective" class="extiw" title="wikt:unitary">unitary</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ambiance#Noun" class="extiw" title="wikt:ambiance">ambiance</a> and a game of events".<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1958Definitions_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1958Definitions-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situationists argued that <a href="/wiki/Advanced_capitalism" title="Advanced capitalism">advanced capitalism</a> manufactured false desires; literally in the sense of <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">ubiquitous advertising</a> and the glorification of <a href="/wiki/Capital_accumulation" title="Capital accumulation">accumulated capital</a>, and more broadly in the abstraction and <a href="/wiki/Reification_(Marxism)" title="Reification (Marxism)">reification</a> of the more ephemeral experiences of authentic life into <a href="/wiki/Commodity_(Marxism)" title="Commodity (Marxism)">commodities</a>. The experimental direction of situationist activity consisted of setting up temporary environments favorable to the fulfillment of true and authentic human desires in response.<sup id="cite_ref-PreliminarySituations_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PreliminarySituations-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Situationist International strongly resisted use of the term "situationism", which Debord called a "meaningless term", adding "[t]here is no such thing as situationism, which would mean a doctrine for interpreting existing conditions".<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1958Definitions_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1958Definitions-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situationists maintained a philosophical opposition to all <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideologies</a>, conceiving of them as abstract <a href="/wiki/Base_and_superstructure" title="Base and superstructure">superstructures</a> ultimately serving only to justify the <a href="/wiki/Base_and_superstructure" title="Base and superstructure">economic base</a> of a given society; accordingly, they rejected "situationism" as an absurd and self-contradictory concept.<sup id="cite_ref-Vaneigem1967Revolution1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaneigem1967Revolution1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle" title="The Society of the Spectacle">The Society of the Spectacle</a></i>, Debord asserted that ideology was "the abstract will to universality and the illusion thereof" which was "legitimated in modern society by universal abstraction and by the effective dictatorship of illusion".<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1967SocietyIX_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1967SocietyIX-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_(1945–1955)"><span id="Origins_.281945.E2.80.931955.29"></span>Origins (1945–1955)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins (1945–1955)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The situationist movement had its origins as a left wing tendency within <a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ReportManifesto57_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReportManifesto57-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SI58_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI58-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an artistic and literary movement led by the Romanian-born French poet and visual artist <a href="/wiki/Isidore_Isou" title="Isidore Isou">Isidore Isou</a>, originating in 1940s Paris. The group was heavily influenced by the preceding <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> movements of <a href="/wiki/Dadaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadaism">Dadaism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a>, seeking to apply critical theories based on these concepts to all areas of art and culture, most notably in poetry, film, painting and <a href="/wiki/Political_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Political theory">political theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1957Report-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among some of the concepts and artistic innovations developed by the Lettrists were the <i>lettrie</i>, a poem reflecting pure form yet devoid of all semantic content, new syntheses of writing and visual art identified as <a href="/wiki/Metagraphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Metagraphics">metagraphics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypergraphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypergraphics">hypergraphics</a>, as well as new creative techniques in filmmaking. Future situationist <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a>, who was at that time a significant figure in the Lettrist movement, helped develop these new film techniques, using them in his Lettrist film <i><a href="/wiki/Hurlements_en_faveur_de_Sade" title="Hurlements en faveur de Sade">Howlings for Sade</a></i> (1952) as well as later in his situationist film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle_(film)" title="The Society of the Spectacle (film)">Society of the Spectacle</a></i> (1972). </p><p>By 1950, a much younger and more left-wing part of the Lettrist movement began to emerge. This group kept very active in perpetrating public outrages such as the <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Affair" title="Notre-Dame Affair">Notre-Dame Affair</a>, where at the Easter High Mass at <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame de Paris">Notre Dame de Paris</a>, in front of ten thousand people and broadcast on national TV, their member and former Dominican Michel Mourre posed as a <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a>, "stood in front of the altar and read a pamphlet proclaiming that <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> was dead".<sup id="cite_ref-Horn07p8_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horn07p8-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marcus89p279-86_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marcus89p279-86-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">André Breton</a> prominently came out in support of the action in a letter that spawned a large debate in the newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Combat_(newspaper)" title="Combat (newspaper)">Combat</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Boucharenc05_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boucharenc05-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Breton50NotreDame_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breton50NotreDame-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1952, this left wing of the <a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a> movement, which included Debord, broke off from Isou's group and formed the <a href="/wiki/Letterist_International" title="Letterist International">Letterist International</a>, a new Paris-based collective of avant-garde artists and political theorists. The schism finally erupted when the future members of the radical Lettrists disrupted a <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> press conference for <i><a href="/wiki/Limelight_(1952_film)" title="Limelight (1952 film)">Limelight</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Ritz_Paris" title="Hôtel Ritz Paris">Hôtel Ritz Paris</a>. They distributed a <a href="/wiki/Polemic" title="Polemic">polemic</a> entitled "No More Flat Feet!", which concluded: "The footlights have melted the make-up of the supposedly brilliant mime. All we can see now is a lugubrious and mercenary old man. Go home Mister Chaplin."<sup id="cite_ref-Berna1952No_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berna1952No-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isou was upset with this, his own attitude being that Chaplin deserved respect as one of the great creators of the cinematic art. The breakaway group felt that his work was no longer relevant, while having appreciated it "in its own time," and asserted their belief "that the most urgent expression of freedom is the destruction of idols, especially when they claim to represent freedom," in this case, filmmaker Charlie Chaplin.<sup id="cite_ref-1952Position_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1952Position-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this period of the <a href="/wiki/Letterist_International" title="Letterist International">Letterist International</a>, many of the important concepts and ideas that would later be integral in situationist theory were developed. Individuals in the group collaboratively constructed the new field of <a href="/wiki/Psychogeography" title="Psychogeography">psychogeography</a>, which they defined as "the study of the specific effects of the <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geographical environment</a> (whether consciously organized or not) on the emotions and behavior of individuals."<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1958Definitions_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1958Definitions-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Debord1955Introduction_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1955Introduction-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Debord further expanded this concept of psychogeography with his theory of the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9rive" title="Dérive">dérive</a>, an unplanned tour through an <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">urban</a> landscape directed entirely by the feelings evoked in the individual by their surroundings, serving as the primary means for mapping and investigating the psychogeography of these different areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1956Theory_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1956Theory-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period the Letterist International also developed the situationist tactic of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tournement" title="Détournement">détournement</a>, which by reworking or re-contextualizing an existing work of art or literature sought to radically shift its meaning to one with revolutionary significance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation_(1956–1957)"><span id="Formation_.281956.E2.80.931957.29"></span>Formation (1956–1957)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Formation (1956–1957)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1956, Guy Debord, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Lettrist_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Lettrist International">Lettrist International</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Asger_Jorn" title="Asger Jorn">Asger Jorn</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Movement_for_an_Imaginist_Bauhaus" title="International Movement for an Imaginist Bauhaus">International Movement for an Imaginist Bauhaus</a>, brought together a group of artistic collectives for the <i>First World Congress of Free Artists</i> in <a href="/wiki/Alba,_Piedmont" title="Alba, Piedmont">Alba</a>, Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Horn07p5-7_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horn07p5-7-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The meeting established the foundation for the development of the Situationist International, which was officially formed in July 1957 at a meeting in <a href="/wiki/Cosio_di_Arroscia" title="Cosio di Arroscia">Cosio di Arroscia</a>, Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting International was a fusion of these extremely small <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> collectives: the <a href="/wiki/Lettrist_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Lettrist International">Lettrist International</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Movement_for_an_Imaginist_Bauhaus" title="International Movement for an Imaginist Bauhaus">International Movement for an Imaginist Bauhaus</a> (an offshoot of <a href="/wiki/COBRA_(avant-garde_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="COBRA (avant-garde movement)">COBRA</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/London_Psychogeographical_Association" title="London Psychogeographical Association">London Psychogeographical Association</a> (though, Anselm Jappe has argued that the group pivoted around Jorn and Debord for the first four years).<sup id="cite_ref-Jappe99DebordJorn_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jappe99DebordJorn-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, the Situationist International drew ideas from other groups such as <i><a href="/wiki/Socialisme_ou_Barbarie" title="Socialisme ou Barbarie">Socialisme ou Barbarie</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most prominent member of the group, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a>, generally became considered the organization's de facto leader and most distinguished theorist. Other members included theorist <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Vaneigem" title="Raoul Vaneigem">Raoul Vaneigem</a>, the Dutch painter <a href="/wiki/Constant_Nieuwenhuys" title="Constant Nieuwenhuys">Constant Nieuwenhuys</a>, the Italo-Scottish writer <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Trocchi" title="Alexander Trocchi">Alexander Trocchi</a>, the English artist <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Rumney" title="Ralph Rumney">Ralph Rumney</a> (sole member of the London Psychogeographical Association, Rumney suffered expulsion relatively soon after the formation), the Danish artist <a href="/wiki/Asger_Jorn" title="Asger Jorn">Asger Jorn</a> (who after parting with the SI also founded the <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Institute_of_Comparative_Vandalism" title="Scandinavian Institute of Comparative Vandalism">Scandinavian Institute of Comparative Vandalism</a>), the architect and veteran of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Uprising</a> <a href="/wiki/Attila_Kotanyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Attila Kotanyi">Attila Kotanyi</a>, and the French writer <a href="/wiki/Michele_Bernstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Michele Bernstein">Michele Bernstein</a>. Debord and Bernstein later married. </p><p>In June 1957, Debord wrote the <a href="/wiki/Manifesto" title="Manifesto">manifesto</a> of the Situationist International, titled <i><a href="/wiki/Report_on_the_Construction_of_Situations" title="Report on the Construction of Situations">Report on the Construction of Situations</a></i>. This manifesto plans a rereading of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital">Das Kapital</a></i> and advocates a cultural revolution in <a href="/wiki/Western_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Western countries">western countries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1957Report-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artistic_period_(1958–1962)"><span id="Artistic_period_.281958.E2.80.931962.29"></span>Artistic period (1958–1962)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Artistic period (1958–1962)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asger_Jorn_(1963)_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Asger_Jorn_%281963%29_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg/220px-Asger_Jorn_%281963%29_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Asger_Jorn_%281963%29_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danish</a> painter, sculptor, <a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">ceramic artist</a>, and author <a href="/wiki/Asger_Jorn" title="Asger Jorn">Asger Jorn</a>, founding member of the Situationist International.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the first few years of the SI's founding, <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> artistic groups began collaborating with the SI and joining the organization. <a href="/wiki/Gruppe_SPUR" title="Gruppe SPUR">Gruppe SPUR</a>, a German artistic collective, collaborated with the Situationist International on projects beginning in 1959, continuing until the group officially joined the SI in 1961. The role of the artists in the SI was of great significance, particularly <a href="/wiki/Asger_Jorn" title="Asger Jorn">Asger Jorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constant_Nieuwenhuys" title="Constant Nieuwenhuys">Constant Nieuwenhuys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pinot_Gallizio" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinot Gallizio">Pinot Gallizio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PoliOntheReport_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoliOntheReport-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asger Jorn, who invented <a href="/w/index.php?title=Situgraphy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Situgraphy (page does not exist)">Situgraphy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Situlogy" class="mw-redirect" title="Situlogy">Situlogy</a>, had the social role of catalyst and team leader among the members of the SI between 1957 and 1961. Jorn's role in the situationist movement (as in <a href="/wiki/COBRA_(avant-garde_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="COBRA (avant-garde movement)">COBRA</a>) was that of a catalyst and team leader. <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a> on his own lacked the personal warmth and persuasiveness to draw people of different nationalities and talents into an active working partnership. As a prototype <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> intellectual Debord needed an ally who could patch up the petty egoisms and squabbles of the members. When Jorn's leadership was withdrawn in 1961, many simmering quarrels among different sections of the SI flared up, leading to multiple exclusions. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Internationale_situationniste_n%C2%BA1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Internationale_situationniste_n%C2%BA1.jpg/220px-Internationale_situationniste_n%C2%BA1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Internationale_situationniste_n%C2%BA1.jpg/330px-Internationale_situationniste_n%C2%BA1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Internationale_situationniste_n%C2%BA1.jpg/440px-Internationale_situationniste_n%C2%BA1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4272" /></a><figcaption><i>Internationale situationniste</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The first major split was the exclusion of Gruppe SPUR, the German section, from the SI on 10 February 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-1963TheExclusion_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1963TheExclusion-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many different disagreements led to the fracture, for example; while at the Fourth SI Conference in London in December 1960, in a discussion about the political nature of the SI, the Gruppe SPUR members disagreed with the core situationist stance of counting on a <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_proletariat" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary proletariat">revolutionary proletariat</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-SI5Conf4_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI5Conf4-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the accusation that their activities were based on a "systematic misunderstanding of situationist theses";<sup id="cite_ref-1963TheExclusion_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1963TheExclusion-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the understanding that at least one Gruppe SPUR member, sculptor <a href="/wiki/Lothar_Fischer" title="Lothar Fischer">Lothar Fischer</a>, and possibly the rest of the group, were not actually understanding and/or agreeing with the situationist ideas, but were just using the SI to achieve success in the <a href="/wiki/Economics_of_the_arts_and_literature" title="Economics of the arts and literature">art market</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-1963TheExclusion_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1963TheExclusion-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kunzelmann_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunzelmann-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the betrayal, in the <i>Spur #7</i> issue, of a common agreement on the Gruppe SPUR and SI publications.<sup id="cite_ref-SI7Conf5_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI7Conf5-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DebordVernissage150362_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DebordVernissage150362-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exclusion was a recognition that <a href="/wiki/Gruppe_SPUR" title="Gruppe SPUR">Gruppe SPUR</a>'s "principles, methods and goals" were significantly in contrast with those of the SI.<sup id="cite_ref-1963TheCounter_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1963TheCounter-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Debord180662_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord180662-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This split however was not a declaration of hostilities, as in other cases of SI exclusions. A few months after the exclusion, in the context of judicial prosecution against the group by the German state, Debord expressed his esteem to Gruppe SPUR, calling it the only significant artist group in (Germany) since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and regarding it at the level of the <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-gardes</a> in other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-DebordSpur280462_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DebordSpur280462-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next significant split was in 1962, wherein the "Nashists," the Scandinavian section of the SI led by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Nash" title="Jørgen Nash">Jørgen Nash</a>, were excluded from the organization. Nash created the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Situationist_International" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Situationist International">2nd Situationist International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_period_(1963–1968)"><span id="Political_period_.281963.E2.80.931968.29"></span>Political period (1963–1968)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Political period (1963–1968)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By this point the Situationist International consisted almost exclusively of the Franco-Belgian section, led by <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Vaneigem" title="Raoul Vaneigem">Raoul Vaneigem</a>. These members possessed much more of a tendency towards political theory over the more artistic aspects of the SI. The shift in the intellectual priorities within the SI resulted in more focus on the theoretical, such as the <a href="/wiki/Spectacle_(Situationism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectacle (Situationism)">theory of the spectacle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> critical analysis, spending much less time on the more artistic and tangible concepts like <a href="/wiki/Unitary_urbanism" title="Unitary urbanism">unitary urbanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tournement" title="Détournement">détournement</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Situgraphy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Situgraphy (page does not exist)">situgraphy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blissett2002Guy_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blissett2002Guy-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this period the SI began having more and more influence on local university students in France. Taking advantage of the apathy of their colleagues, five "Pro-situs", situationist-influenced students, infiltrated the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">University of Strasbourg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Student_activity_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Student activity center">student union</a> in November 1966 and began scandalising the authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vague1997Anarchy_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vague1997Anarchy-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their first action was to form an "<a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">anarchist</a> appreciation society" called The Society for the Rehabilitation for <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ravachol" title="Ravachol">Ravachol</a>; next they appropriated union funds to <a href="/wiki/Flyposting" title="Flyposting">flypost</a> "Return of <a href="/wiki/The_Durruti_Column" class="mw-redirect" title="The Durruti Column">the Durruti Column</a>", <a href="/wiki/Andre_Bertrand" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre Bertrand">Andre Bertrand</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tournement" title="Détournement">détourned</a></i> comic strip.<sup id="cite_ref-Vague1997Anarchy_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vague1997Anarchy-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They then invited the situationists to contribute a critique of the University of Strasbourg, and <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Poverty_of_Student_Life" title="On the Poverty of Student Life">On the Poverty of Student Life</a></i>, written by Tunisian situationist <a href="/wiki/Mustapha_Khayati" title="Mustapha Khayati">Mustapha/Omar Khayati</a> was the result.<sup id="cite_ref-Vague1997Anarchy_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vague1997Anarchy-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The students promptly proceeded to print 10,000 copies of the pamphlet using university funds and distributed them during a ceremony marking the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Academic_year" title="Academic year">academic year</a>. This provoked an immediate outcry in the local, national and international media.<sup id="cite_ref-Vague1997Anarchy_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vague1997Anarchy-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_events_(1968)"><span id="May_events_.281968.29"></span>May events (1968)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: May events (1968)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/May_1968_events_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1968 events in France">May 1968 events in France</a></div> <p>The Situationists played a preponderant role in the May 1968 uprisings,<sup id="cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClarkAndNSWinter97-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to some extent their political perspective and ideas fueled such crisis,<sup id="cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClarkAndNSWinter97-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lasn2000_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lasn2000-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BandiniImpactAndBoycott_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BandiniImpactAndBoycott-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> providing a central theoretic foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-Rivarol1984_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rivarol1984-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Présent1984_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Présent1984-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BabronskiEtAl1984_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BabronskiEtAl1984-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WordsAndBullets1984_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WordsAndBullets1984-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20AnsJune68_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20AnsJune68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rivarol3May1968_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rivarol3May1968-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While SI's member count had been steadily falling for the preceding several years, the ones that remained were able to fill revolutionary roles for which they had patiently anticipated and prepared. The active ideologists ("enragés" and Situationists) behind the revolutionary events in Strasbourg, Nanterre and Paris, numbered only about one or two dozen persons.<sup id="cite_ref-Atkins1977_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atkins1977-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This has now been widely acknowledged as a fact by studies of the period,<sup id="cite_ref-Jappe99May68_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jappe99May68-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gombin71May68_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gombin71May68-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Syring98_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syring98-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DemonetEtAl75_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DemonetEtAl75-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dumontier1990_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumontier1990-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fauré98_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fauré98-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> what is still wide open to interpretation is the "how and why" that happened.<sup id="cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClarkAndNSWinter97-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>, in the aftermath televised speech of 7 June, acknowledged that "This explosion was provoked by groups in revolt against modern consumer and technical society, whether it be the communism of the East or the capitalism of the West."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They also made up the majority in the <a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_Occupation_Committee" title="Sorbonne Occupation Committee">Occupation Committee of the Sorbonne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClarkAndNSWinter97-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An important event leading up to May 1968 was the scandal in Strasbourg in December 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-Viénet68sec1_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viénet68sec1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Union_Nationale_des_%C3%89tudiants_de_France" title="Union Nationale des Étudiants de France">Union Nationale des Étudiants de France</a> declared itself in favor of the SI's theses, and managed to use public funds to publish <a href="/wiki/Mustapha_Khayati" title="Mustapha Khayati">Mustapha Khayati</a>'s pamphlet <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Poverty_of_Student_Life" title="On the Poverty of Student Life">On the Poverty of Student Life</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thousands of copies of the pamphlet were printed and circulated and helped to make the Situationists well known throughout the nonstalinist left. </p><p>Quotations from two key situationist books, Debord's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle" title="The Society of the Spectacle">The Society of the Spectacle</a></i> (1967) and Khayati's <i>On the Poverty of Student Life</i> (1966), were written on the walls of Paris and several provincial cities.<sup id="cite_ref-Viénet68sec1_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viénet68sec1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was documented in the collection of photographs published in 1968 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Lewino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Lewino (page does not exist)">Walter Lewino</a>, <i>L'imagination au pouvoir</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SI12BeginningOfAnEra_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI12BeginningOfAnEra-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though the SI were a very small group, they were expert self-propagandists, and their slogans appeared daubed on walls throughout Paris at the time of the revolt. SI member <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Vi%C3%A9net" title="René Viénet">René Viénet</a>'s 1968 book <i>Enragés and Situationists in the Occupations Movement, France, May '68</i> gives an account of the involvement of the SI with the student group of <a href="/wiki/Enrag%C3%A9s" title="Enragés">Enragés</a> and the occupation of the <a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_(building)" title="Sorbonne (building)">Sorbonne</a>. </p><p>The occupations of 1968 started at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nanterre" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Nanterre">University of Nanterre</a> and spread to the Sorbonne. The police tried to take back the Sorbonne and a riot ensued. Following this a general strike was declared with up to 10 million workers participating. The SI originally participated in the Sorbonne occupations and defended barricades in the riots. The SI distributed calls for the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_factories" title="Occupation of factories">occupation of factories</a> and the formation of <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_councils" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers' councils">workers' councils</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-SI12BeginningOfAnEra_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI12BeginningOfAnEra-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but, disillusioned with the students, left the university to set up <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Council_for_the_Maintenance_of_the_Occupations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Council for the Maintenance of the Occupations (page does not exist)">The Council for the Maintenance of the Occupations</a> (CMDO) which distributed the SI's demands on a much wider scale. After the end of the movement, the CMDO disbanded. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftermath_(1968–1972)"><span id="Aftermath_.281968.E2.80.931972.29"></span>Aftermath (1968–1972)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Aftermath (1968–1972)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1972, <a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Sanguinetti" title="Gianfranco Sanguinetti">Gianfranco Sanguinetti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a> were the only two remaining members of the SI. Working with Debord, in August 1975, Sanguinetti wrote a pamphlet titled <i>Rapporto veridico sulle ultime opportunità di salvare il capitalismo in Italia</i> (<i>The Real Report on the Last Chance to Save Capitalism in Italy</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which (inspired by <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Bauer" title="Bruno Bauer">Bruno Bauer</a>) purported to be the cynical writing of "Censor", a powerful industrialist. The pamphlet argued that the ruling class of Italy supported the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_Fontana_bombing" title="Piazza Fontana bombing">Piazza Fontana bombing</a> and other covert, <a href="/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">false flag</a> mass slaughter for the higher goal of defending the capitalist status quo from communist influence. The pamphlet was mailed to 520 of Italy's most powerful individuals. It was received as genuine and powerful politicians, industrialists and journalists praised its content. After reprinting the tract as a small book, Sanguinetti revealed himself to be the true author. In the outcry that ensued<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and under pressure from Italian authorities Sanguinetti left Italy in February 1976, and was denied entry to France.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After publishing in the last issue of the magazine, an analysis of the May 1968 revolts and the strategies that will need to be adopted in future revolutions,<sup id="cite_ref-SI12BeginningOfAnEra_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI12BeginningOfAnEra-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the SI was dissolved in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-Karen2001_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karen2001-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_concepts">Main concepts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Main concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_spectacle_and_its_society">The spectacle and its society</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The spectacle and its society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spectacle_(critical_theory)" title="Spectacle (critical theory)">Spectacle (critical theory)</a></div> <p>The <i>Spectacle</i> is a central notion in situationist theory, developed by <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a> in his 1967 book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle" title="The Society of the Spectacle">The Society of the Spectacle</a></i>. In its limited sense, <i>spectacle</i> means the mass media, which are "its most glaring superficial manifestation."<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1977t24_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1977t24-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Debord said that the society of the spectacle came to existence in the late 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-Brush2005p377_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brush2005p377-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Debord1988cII_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1988cII-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The critique of the <i>spectacle</i> is a development and application of Karl Marx's concept of <a href="/wiki/Fetishism_of_commodities" class="mw-redirect" title="Fetishism of commodities">fetishism of commodities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reification_(Marxism)" title="Reification (Marxism)">reification</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marx%27s_theory_of_alienation" title="Marx's theory of alienation">alienation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1967SocietyI_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1967SocietyI-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the way it was reprised by <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">György Lukács</a> in 1923. In the society of the spectacle, the commodities rule the workers and the <a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">consumers</a> instead of being ruled by them. The consumers are passive subjects that contemplate the reified spectacle. </p><p>As early as 1958, in the <a href="/wiki/Report_on_the_Construction_of_Situations" title="Report on the Construction of Situations">situationist manifesto</a>, Debord described <a href="/wiki/Official_culture" title="Official culture">official culture</a> as a "rigged game", where conservative powers forbid subversive ideas to have direct access to the <a href="/wiki/Public_discourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Public discourse">public discourse</a>. Such ideas get first trivialized and sterilized, and then they are safely <a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">incorporated</a> back within mainstream society, where they can be exploited to add new flavors to old dominant ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This technique of the spectacle is sometimes called <i><a href="/wiki/Recuperation_(politics)" title="Recuperation (politics)">recuperation</a></i>, and its counter-technique is the <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tournement" title="Détournement">détournement</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chasse1969Faces_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chasse1969Faces-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Détournement"><span id="D.C3.A9tournement"></span>Détournement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Détournement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tournement" title="Détournement">détournement</a></div> <p>A <i>détournement</i> is a technique developed in the 1950s by the <a href="/wiki/Letterist_International" title="Letterist International">Letterist International</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ReportManifesto57_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReportManifesto57-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SI58_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI58-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and consist in "turning expressions of the capitalist system against itself,"<sup id="cite_ref-Holt2010p252_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holt2010p252-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> like turning slogans and logos against the advertisers or the political status quo.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Détournement</i> was prominently used to set up subversive political pranks, an influential tactic called <a href="/wiki/Situationist_prank" title="Situationist prank">situationist prank</a> that was reprised by the <a href="/wiki/Punk_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Punk movement">punk movement</a> in the late 1970s<sup id="cite_ref-Marrone05_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marrone05-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and inspired the <a href="/wiki/Culture_jamming" title="Culture jamming">culture jamming</a> movement in the late 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-Holt2010p252_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holt2010p252-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Anti-capitalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Situationist International, in the 15 years from its formation in 1957 and its dissolution in 1972, is characterized by a <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surrealist" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrealist">surrealist</a> perspective on <a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetics</a> and politics,<sup id="cite_ref-PoliOnArtAndPolitics_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoliOnArtAndPolitics-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> without separation between the two: art and politics are faced together and in <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary" title="Revolutionary">revolutionary</a> terms.<sup id="cite_ref-BandiniArtAndPolitics_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BandiniArtAndPolitics-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SI analyzed the modern world from the point of view of everyday life.<sup id="cite_ref-Gombin71SIEverydayLife_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gombin71SIEverydayLife-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The core arguments of the Situationist International were an <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">attack on the capitalist</a> degradation of the life of people<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1957Report-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Debord1967QualityOfLife_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1967QualityOfLife-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BandiniCapitaslismDegrade_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BandiniCapitaslismDegrade-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the fake models advertised by the mass media,<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1957Report-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to which the Situationist responded with alternative life experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1957Report-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alternative life experiences explored by the Situationists were the construction of situations, <a href="/wiki/Unitary_urbanism" title="Unitary urbanism">unitary urbanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychogeography" title="Psychogeography">psychogeography</a>, and the union of play, freedom and <a href="/wiki/Critical_thinking" title="Critical thinking">critical thinking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PoliOntheReport_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoliOntheReport-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A major stance of the SI was to count on the force of a <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_proletariat" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary proletariat">revolutionary proletariat</a>. This stance was reaffirmed very clearly in a discussion on "To what extent is the SI a political movement?", during the Fourth SI Conference in London.<sup id="cite_ref-SI5Conf4_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI5Conf4-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SI remarked that this is a core Situationist principle, and that those that don't understand it and agree with it, are not Situationist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_and_politics">Art and politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Art and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Art_and_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Art and politics">Art and politics</a></div> <p>The SI rejected all art that separated itself from politics, the concept of <a href="/wiki/20th-century_art" title="20th-century art">20th-century art</a> that is separated from topical political events.<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1957Report-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1963TheCounter_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1963TheCounter-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SI believed that the notion of artistic expression being separated from politics and current events is one proliferated by reactionary considerations to render artwork that expresses comprehensive critiques of society impotent.<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1957Report-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They recognized there was a precise mechanism followed by reactionaries to defuse the role of subversive artists and intellectuals, that is, to reframe them as separated from the most topical events, and divert from them the taste for the new that may dangerously appeal the masses; after such separation, such artworks are sterilized, banalized, degraded, and can be safely integrated into the <a href="/wiki/Official_culture" title="Official culture">official culture</a> and the public discourse, where they can add new flavors to old dominant ideas and play the role of a gear wheel in the mechanism of the society of the spectacle.<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1957Report-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to this theory, artists and intellectuals that accept such compromises are rewarded by the <a href="/wiki/Art_dealer" title="Art dealer">art dealers</a> and praised by the dominant culture.<sup id="cite_ref-1963TheCounter_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1963TheCounter-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SI received many offers to sponsor "creations" that would just have a "situationist" label but a diluted political content, that would have brought things back to order and the SI back into the old fold of artistic praxis. The majority of SI continued to refuse such offers and any involvement on the conventional avant-garde artistic plane.<sup id="cite_ref-1963TheCounter_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1963TheCounter-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This principle was affirmed since the founding of the SI in 1957, but the qualitative step of resolving all the contradictions of having situationists that make concessions to the cultural market, was made with the exclusion of <a href="/wiki/Gruppe_SPUR" title="Gruppe SPUR">Gruppe SPUR</a> in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-1963TheCounter_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1963TheCounter-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SI noted how reactionary forces forbid subversive ideas from artists and intellectuals to reach the <a href="/wiki/Public_discourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Public discourse">public discourse</a>, and how they attack the artworks that express comprehensive critique of society, by saying that art should not involve itself into politics.<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1957Report-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_construction_of_situations">The construction of situations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The construction of situations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first edition of <i>Internationale Situationniste</i> defines the constructed situation as "a moment of life concretely and deliberately constructed by the collective organization of a unitary ambiance and a game of events." </p><p>As the SI embraced dialectical Marxism, the situation came to refer less to a specific avant-garde practice than to the dialectical unification of art and life more generally. Beyond this theoretical definition, the situation as a practical manifestation thus slipped between a series of proposals. The SI thus were first led to distinguish the situation from the mere artistic practice of the <a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">happening</a>, and later identified it in historical events such as the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a> in which it exhibited itself as the revolutionary moment. The SI's interest in the Paris Commune was expressed in 1962 in their fourteen <a href="/wiki/Situationist_Theses_on_the_Paris_Commune" title="Situationist Theses on the Paris Commune">"Theses on the Paris Commune"</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychogeography">Psychogeography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Psychogeography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Psychogeography" title="Psychogeography">Psychogeography</a></div><p> The first edition of <i>Internationale Situationniste</i> defined <a href="/wiki/Psychogeography" title="Psychogeography">psychogeography</a> as "the study of the specific effects of the geographical environment (whether consciously organized or not) on the emotions and behavior of individuals."<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1958Definitions_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1958Definitions-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was first recognized in 1955 by Guy Debord while still with the Letterist International:</p><blockquote><p>The word psychogeography, suggested by an illiterate <a href="/wiki/Kabyle_people" title="Kabyle people">Kabyle</a> as a general term for the phenomena a few of us were investigating around the summer of 1953, is not too inappropriate. It does not contradict the materialist perspective of the conditioning of life and thought by objective nature. Geography, for example, deals with the determinant action of general natural forces, such as soil composition or climatic conditions, on the economic structures of a society, and thus on the corresponding conception that such a society can have of the world. Psychogeography could set for itself the study of the precise laws and specific effects of the geographical environment, whether consciously organized or not, on the emotions and behavior of individuals. The charmingly vague adjective psychogeographical can be applied to the findings arrived at by this type of investigation, to their influence on human feelings, and more generally to any situation or conduct that seems to reflect the same spirit of discovery.<sup id="cite_ref-Debord1955Introduction_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1955Introduction-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dérive"><span id="D.C3.A9rive"></span>Dérive</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Dérive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9rive" title="Dérive">Dérive</a></div> <p>By definition, psychogeography combines subjective and objective knowledge and studies. Debord struggled to stipulate the finer points of this theoretical paradox, ultimately producing "Theory of the Dérive" in 1958, a document which essentially serves as an instruction manual for the psychogeographic procedure, executed through the act of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9rive" title="Dérive">dérive</a> ("drift"). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In a <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9rive" title="Dérive">dérive</a> one or more persons during a certain period drop their usual motives for movement and action, their relations, their work and leisure activities, and let themselves be drawn by the attractions of the terrain and the encounters they find there... But the dérive includes both this letting go and its necessary contradiction: the domination of psychogeographical variations by the knowledge and calculation of their possibilities.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Ken Knabb<sup id="cite_ref-Knabb,_Ken_1995._pg_50_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knabb,_Ken_1995._pg_50-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>SI engaged in a play-form that was also practiced by its predecessor organization, the <a href="/wiki/Letterist_International" title="Letterist International">Lettrist International</a>, the art of wandering through urban space, which they termed <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9rive" title="Dérive">dérive</a>, whose unique mood is conveyed in Debord's darkly romantic meaning of palindrome. Two excursions organized by Andre Breton serve as the closest cultural precedents to the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9rive" title="Dérive">dérive</a>. The first in 1921, was an excursion to the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre" title="Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre">Church of Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre</a> with the Parisian <a href="/wiki/Dadaists" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadaists">Dadaists</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the second excursion was on 1 May 1923, when a small group of <a href="/wiki/Surrealists" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrealists">Surrealists</a> walked toward the countryside outside of <a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Debord was cautious however to differentiate between the derive and such precedents. He emphasized its active character as "a mode of experimental behavior" that reached to <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a>, the Baroque, and the age of chivalry, with its tradition of long adventures voyages. Such urban roaming was characteristic of Left Bank bohemianism in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the SI's 6th issue, <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Vaneigem" title="Raoul Vaneigem">Raoul Vaneigem</a> writes in a manifesto of unitary urbanism, "All space is occupied by the enemy. We are living under a permanent curfew. Not just the cops—the geometry".<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dérive, as a previously conceptualized tactic in the French military, was "a calculated action determined by the absence of a greater locus", and "a maneuver within the enemy's field of vision".<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the SI, whose interest was inhabiting space, the dérive brought appeal in this sense of taking the "fight" to the streets and truly indulging in a determined operation. The dérive was a course of preparation, reconnaissance, a means of shaping situationist psychology among urban explorers for the eventuality of the situationist city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_theory">Political theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Political theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Libertarian_socialism" title="Category:Libertarian socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Communist_symbolism#Red_and_black_flag" title="Communist symbolism"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/100px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/150px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/200px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Political concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarian_community" title="Egalitarian community">Egalitarian community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">Revolutionary spontaneity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">Workers' control</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Economics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_economics" title="Co-operative economics">Co-operative economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_planning_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralized planning (economics)">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Socialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">Worker cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Albert" title="Michael Albert">Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D%C3%A9jacque" title="Joseph Déjacque">Déjacque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takis_Fotopoulos" title="Takis Fotopoulos">Fotopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Lefort" title="Claude Lefort">Lefort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcomandante_Marcos" title="Subcomandante Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Maragall" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesc Pi i Maragall">Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Pallis" title="Chris Pallis">Pallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_R%C3%BChle" title="Otto Rühle">Rühle</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Philosophies and tendencies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#f0f0f0"> <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchist</a> tendencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#f0f0f0"> <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> tendencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialisme_ou_Barbarie" title="Socialisme ou Barbarie">Chaulieu–Montal tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">Council communism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Situationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Marxism" title="Western Marxism">Western Marxism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#f0f0f0"> Other tendencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_confederalism" title="Democratic confederalism">Democratic confederalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_municipalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian municipalism">Libertarian municipalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neozapatismo" title="Neozapatismo">Neozapatismo</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> 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title="Organic centralism">Organic centralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_revolution" title="World revolution">World revolution</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bordigism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bordigism">Bordigism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism_in_China" title="Left communism in China">In China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">Council communism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Situationist International</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Appel" title="Jan Appel">Jan Appel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Bordiga" title="Amadeo Bordiga">Amadeo Bordiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrigo_Cervetto" title="Arrigo Cervetto">Arrigo Cervetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Chirik" title="Marc Chirik">Marc Chirik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onorato_Damen" title="Onorato Damen">Onorato Damen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Fortichiari" title="Bruno Fortichiari">Bruno Fortichiari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Gorter" title="Herman Gorter">Herman Gorter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mattick" title="Paul Mattick">Paul Mattick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandizo_Munis" title="Grandizo Munis">Grandizo Munis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavril_Myasnikov" title="Gavril Myasnikov">Gavril Myasnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Sylvia Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Antonie Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Parodi" title="Lorenzo Parodi">Lorenzo Parodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_R%C3%BChle" title="Otto Rühle">Otto Rühle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schr%C3%B6der_(German_politician)" title="Karl Schröder (German politician)">Karl Schröder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_Coupat" title="Julien Coupat">Julien Coupat</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"><div class="plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_communist_parties#Left_communist_organizations_by_country" title="List of communist parties">Extant</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotta_Comunista" title="Lotta Comunista">Communist Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Workers%27_Organisation_(UK)" title="Communist Workers' Organisation (UK)">Communist Workers' Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Communist_Current" title="International Communist Current">International Communist Current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Communist_Party" title="International Communist Party">International Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalist_Communist_Party_(Italy)" title="Internationalist Communist Party (Italy)">Internationalist Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Invisible_Committee" title="The Invisible Committee">The Invisible Committee</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Parliamentary_Communist_Federation" title="Anti-Parliamentary Communist Federation">Anti-Parliamentary Communist Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Bulletin_Group" title="Communist Bulletin Group">Communist Bulletin Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_League_(UK,_1919)" title="Communist League (UK, 1919)">Communist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Workers%27_International" title="Communist Workers' International">Communist Workers' International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Workers%27_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Workers' Party of Germany">Communist Workers' Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vpered" title="Vpered">Forward</a></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Shengwulian" title="Shengwulian">Hunan Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialists_of_Germany" title="International Socialists of Germany">International Socialists of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_for_Proletarian_Culture" title="League for Proletarian Culture">League for Proletarian Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Communists_(Weimar_Republic)" title="Left Communists (Weimar Republic)">Left Communists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_Working_Group" title="Marxist Working Group">Marxist Working Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Revolutionary Socialist Party (Netherlands)">Revolutionary Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Workers_Ferment" title="Revolutionary Workers Ferment">Revolutionary Workers Ferment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialisme_ou_Barbarie" title="Socialisme ou Barbarie">Socialism or Barbarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(UK)" title="Solidarity (UK)">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Group_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party" title="Workers Group of the Russian Communist Party">Workers' Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Opposition" title="Workers' Opposition">Workers' Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Socialist_Federation" title="Workers' Socialist Federation">Workers' Socialist Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Truth" title="Workers' Truth">Workers' Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiqqun" title="Tiqqun">Tiqqun</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Marxism" title="Classical Marxism">Classical Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossibilism" title="Impossibilism">Impossibilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_unionism" title="Industrial unionism">Industrial unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-leftism" title="Ultra-leftism">Ultra-leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workerism" title="Workerism">Workerism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/16px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/24px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/32px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Communism" title="Portal:Communism">Communism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/24px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Left_communism_sidebar" title="Template:Left communism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Left_communism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Left communism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Left_communism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Left communism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_works">Major works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Major works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Twelve issues of the main French edition of journal <i>Internationale Situationniste</i> were published, each issue edited by a different individual or group, including: <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadj_Mohamed_Dahou" title="Hadj Mohamed Dahou">Hadj Mohamed Dahou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pinot-Gallizio" title="Giuseppe Pinot-Gallizio">Giuseppe Pinot-Gallizio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wyckaert" title="Maurice Wyckaert">Maurice Wyckaert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constant_Nieuwenhuys" title="Constant Nieuwenhuys">Constant Nieuwenhuys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asger_Jorn" title="Asger Jorn">Asger Jorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Sturm" title="Helmut Sturm">Helmut Sturm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attila_Kotanyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Attila Kotanyi">Attila Kotanyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Nash" title="Jørgen Nash">Jørgen Nash</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uwe_Lausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uwe Lausen (page does not exist)">Uwe Lausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Vaneigem" title="Raoul Vaneigem">Raoul Vaneigem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Bernstein" title="Michèle Bernstein">Michèle Bernstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeppesen_Victor_Martin" title="Jeppesen Victor Martin">Jeppesen Victor Martin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Strijbosch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Strijbosch (page does not exist)">Jan Strijbosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Trocchi" title="Alexander Trocchi">Alexander Trocchi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9o_Frey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Théo Frey (page does not exist)">Théo Frey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mustapha_Khayati" title="Mustapha Khayati">Mustapha Khayati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Nicholson-Smith" title="Donald Nicholson-Smith">Donald Nicholson-Smith</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Riesel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Riesel (page does not exist)">René Riesel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Vi%C3%A9net" title="René Viénet">René Viénet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Classic Situationist texts include: <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Poverty_of_Student_Life" title="On the Poverty of Student Life">On the Poverty of Student Life</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Spectacle" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of the Spectacle">Society of the Spectacle</a></i> by Guy Debord, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_of_Everyday_Life" title="The Revolution of Everyday Life">The Revolution of Everyday Life</a></i> by Raoul Vaneigem. </p><p>The first English-language collection of SI writings, although poorly and freely translated, was <i>Leaving The 20th century</i> edited by Christopher Gray. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Situationist_International_Anthology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Situationist International Anthology (page does not exist)">The Situationist International Anthology</a></i> edited and translated by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Knabb" title="Ken Knabb">Ken Knabb</a>, collected numerous SI documents which had previously never been seen in English.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_Marxism">Relationship with Marxism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Relationship with Marxism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rooted firmly in the <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> tradition, the Situationist International criticized <a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a> from a position they believed to be further left and more properly Marxist. The situationists possessed a strong anti-authoritarian current, commonly deriding the centralized bureaucracies of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in the same breath as capitalism. </p><p>Debord's work <i><a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle" title="The Society of the Spectacle">The Society of the Spectacle</a></i> (1967) established situationist analysis as <a href="/wiki/Marxist_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist analysis">Marxist</a> critical theory. <i>The Society of the Spectacle</i> is widely recognized as the main and most influential Situationist essay.<sup id="cite_ref-Agamben1990_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agamben1990-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The concept of revolution created by the Situationist International was <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-capitalist">anti-capitalist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gombin71SIAntiCapitalism_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gombin71SIAntiCapitalism-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SI6DebordTapeRecord1961_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI6DebordTapeRecord1961-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SI8EditorialNotes_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI8EditorialNotes-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Young_Hegelian" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Hegelian">Young Hegelian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClarkAndNSWinter97-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and from the very beginning in the 50s, remarkably differently from the established Left, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Stalinist_left" title="Anti-Stalinist left">anti-Stalinist</a> and against all repressive regimes.<sup id="cite_ref-BandiniAntiStalisnism_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BandiniAntiStalisnism-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Debord starts his 1967 work with a revisited version of the first sentence with which Marx began his critique of classical political economy, <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital">Das Kapital</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-DasKapitalEntrySentence_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DasKapitalEntrySentence-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DebordThesis1st_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DebordThesis1st-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a later essay, Debord will argue that his work was the most important social critique since Marx's work. Drawing from Marx, which argued that under a capitalist society the <i>wealth</i> is degraded to an immense accumulation of <a href="/wiki/Commodity_(Marxism)" title="Commodity (Marxism)">commodities</a>, Debord argues that in <a href="/wiki/Advanced_capitalism" title="Advanced capitalism">advanced capitalism</a>, life is reduced to an immense accumulation of spectacles, a triumph of mere appearance where "all that once was directly lived has become mere representation".<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spectacle, which according to Debord is the core feature of the advanced capitalist societies,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has its "most glaring superficial manifestation" in the advertising-mass media-marketing complex.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elaborating on Marx's argument that under capitalism our lives and our environment are continually depleted, Debord adds that the Spectacle is the system by which capitalism tries to hide such depletion. Debord added that, further than the impoverishment in the <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-PoliOntheReport_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoliOntheReport-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Debord1967QualityOfLife_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debord1967QualityOfLife-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> our psychic functions are altered, we get a degradation of mind and also a degradation of <a href="/wiki/Knowledge" title="Knowledge">knowledge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the spectacular society, knowledge is not used anymore to question, analyze, or resolve <a href="/wiki/Contradiction" title="Contradiction">contradictions</a>, but to assuage reality. </p><p>Situationist theorists advocated methods of operation that included <a href="/wiki/Worker%27s_council" class="mw-redirect" title="Worker's council">democratic workers' councils</a> and <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">workers' self-management</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> interested in empowering the individual, in contrast to the perceived corrupt bureaucratic states of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern bloc">Eastern bloc</a>. Their anti-authoritarian interpretation of Marxist theory can be identified with the broader <a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">council communist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Marxism">libertarian Marxist</a> movements, themselves more broadly termed as <a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">left communism</a>. </p><p>The last issue (1969) of the <i>Situationist International</i> journal, featured an editorial analyzing the events of <a href="/wiki/May_1968_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1968 in France">May 1968</a>. The editorial, written by <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a>, was titled <i>The Beginning of an Era</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> probably as a <a href="/wiki/Detournement" class="mw-redirect" title="Detournement">detournement</a> reference of <i><a href="/wiki/Nachalo" title="Nachalo">Nachalo</a></i> (<i>The Beginning</i>), a Russian Marxist monthly magazine. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Greil_Marcus" title="Greil Marcus">Greil Marcus</a>, some found similarities between the Situationists and the <a href="/wiki/Yippies" class="mw-redirect" title="Yippies">Yippies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former situationists <a href="/wiki/T._J._Clark_(art_historian)" title="T. J. Clark (art historian)">T. J. Clark (art historian)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Nicholson-Smith" title="Donald Nicholson-Smith">Donald Nicholson-Smith</a> (British section), argued that the portion of the moderate Left that is the "established Left", and its "Left opinion-makers", usually addressed contemptuously the SI as "hopelessly <a href="/wiki/Young-Hegelian" class="mw-redirect" title="Young-Hegelian">young-Hegelian</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClarkAndNSWinter97-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_anarchism">Relationship with anarchism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Relationship with anarchism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Situationist International was differentiated from both anarchists and <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxists</a>. In spite of this, they have frequently been associated with anarchism.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Debord did a critical assessment of the anarchists in his 1967 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle" title="The Society of the Spectacle">The Society of the Spectacle</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the final, 12th issue of the journal, the situationists rejected <a href="/wiki/Spontaneism" class="mw-redirect" title="Spontaneism">spontaneism</a> and the "mystics of nonorganization," labeling them as a form of "sub-anarchism":<sup id="cite_ref-Riesel969_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riesel969-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The only people who will be excluded from this debate are... those who in the name of some sub-anarchist spontaneism proclaim their opposition to any form of organization, and who only reproduce the defects and confusion of the old movement—mystics of nonorganization, workers discouraged by having been mixed up with Trotskyist sects too long, students imprisoned in their impoverishment who are incapable of escaping from bolshevik organizational schemas. The situationists are obviously partisans of organization—the existence of the situationist organization testifies to that. Those who announce their agreement with our theses while crediting the SI with a vague spontaneism simply don't know how to read.</p></blockquote> <p>According to situationist <a href="/wiki/Ken_Knabb" title="Ken Knabb">Ken Knabb</a>, Debord pointed out the flaws and merits of both Marxism and anarchism.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He argued that "the split between Marxism and anarchism crippled both sides. The anarchists rightly criticized the authoritarian and narrowly economistic tendencies in Marxism, but they generally did so in an undialectical, moralistic, ahistorical manner... and leaving Marx and a few of the more radical Marxists with a virtual monopoly on coherent dialectical analysis—until the situationists finally brought the libertarian and dialectical aspects back together again." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_the_established_left">Relationship with the established left</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Relationship with the established left"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SI poses a challenge to the model of political action of a portion of the left,<sup id="cite_ref-ClarkEtAlSpring97_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClarkEtAlSpring97-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "established Left" and "Left opinion-makers".<sup id="cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClarkAndNSWinter97-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first challenging aspect is the fueling role that the SI had in the upheavals of the political and social movements of the 1960s,<sup id="cite_ref-BandiniImpactAndBoycott_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BandiniImpactAndBoycott-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jappe99May68_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jappe99May68-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> upheavals for which much is still at stake and which many foresee as recurring in the 21st century. The second challenging aspect,<sup id="cite_ref-BandiniImpactAndBoycott_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BandiniImpactAndBoycott-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the comparison between the Situationist Marxist theory of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Spectacle" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of the Spectacle">Society of the Spectacle</a>, which is still very topical 30 years later,<sup id="cite_ref-Jappe99May68_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jappe99May68-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the current status of the theories supported by leftist establishments in the same period, like <a href="/wiki/Althusserianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Althusserianism">Althusserianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freudo-Marxism" title="Freudo-Marxism">Freudo-Marxism</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-Jappe99May68_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jappe99May68-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The response to this challenge has been an attempt to silence and misinterpret, to "turn the SI safely into an <a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">art movement</a>, and thereby to minimize its role in the political and social movements of the sixties".<sup id="cite_ref-BandiniImpactAndBoycott_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BandiniImpactAndBoycott-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ClarkEtAlSpring97_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClarkEtAlSpring97-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The core aspect of the revolutionary perspectives, and the political theory, of the Situationist International, has been neglected by some commentators,<sup id="cite_ref-KnabbOnArtAndPolitics_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KnabbOnArtAndPolitics-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which either limited themselves to an apolitical reading of the situationist <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> art works, or dismissed the Situationist political theory. Examples of this are <a href="/wiki/Simon_Sadler" title="Simon Sadler">Simon Sadler</a>'s <i>The Situationist City</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-KnabbOnArtAndPolitics_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KnabbOnArtAndPolitics-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the accounts on the SI published by the <i><a href="/wiki/New_Left_Review" title="New Left Review">New Left Review</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClarkAndNSWinter97-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The concept of revolution created by the Situationist International was <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-capitalist">anti-capitalist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gombin71SIAntiCapitalism_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gombin71SIAntiCapitalism-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SI6DebordTapeRecord1961_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI6DebordTapeRecord1961-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SI8EditorialNotes_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI8EditorialNotes-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Young_Hegelian" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Hegelian">Young Hegelian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClarkAndNSWinter97-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and from the very beginning in the 1950s, remarkably differently from the established Left, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Stalinist_left" title="Anti-Stalinist left">anti-Stalinist</a> and against all repressive regimes.<sup id="cite_ref-BandiniAntiStalisnism_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BandiniAntiStalisnism-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SI called in <a href="/wiki/May_1968_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1968 in France">May 1968</a> for the formation of <a href="/wiki/Workers_councils" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers councils">Workers councils</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SI12BeginningOfAnEra_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI12BeginningOfAnEra-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was no separation between the artistic and the political perspectives.<sup id="cite_ref-BandiniArtAndPolitics_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BandiniArtAndPolitics-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, <a href="/wiki/Asger_Jorn" title="Asger Jorn">Asger Jorn</a> never believed in a conception of the Situationist ideas as exclusively artistic and separated from political involvement. He was at the root and at the core of the Situationist International project, fully sharing the revolutionary intentions with Debord.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Critics of the Situationists frequently assert that their ideas are not in fact complex and difficult to understand, but are at best simple ideas expressed in deliberately difficult language, and at worst actually nonsensical. For example, anarchist <a href="/wiki/Chaz_Bufe" title="Chaz Bufe">Chaz Bufe</a> asserts in <a href="/wiki/Listen_Anarchist!" class="mw-redirect" title="Listen Anarchist!">Listen Anarchist!</a> that "obscure situationist jargon" is a major problem in the anarchist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andrea Gibbons argues that the Parisian situationists failed to take on board practically or theoretically the experience of their African members, such as is shown by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdelhafid_Khattib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdelhafid Khattib (page does not exist)">Abdelhafid Khattib</a>'s experience of police harassment while conducting psychogeographic research on <a href="/wiki/Les_Halles" title="Les Halles">Les Halles</a> in 1958. She remarks how little the suppression of Algerians in Paris had impacted their activity and thinking – Bernstein and Debord co-signed the <i>Declaration on the Right to Insubordination in the Algerian War</i> in 1961, which led to them being questioned by the police. She cites a letter written by Jacqueline de Jong, Jorgen Nash, and Ansgar Elde protesting the expulsion of the <i>Spur</i> group in 1962 which highlights the political repression in Paris at that time. Gibbons also criticises the lack of mention of the Algerian situationists in either Debord's or Vaneigem's memoirs.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibbons_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibbons-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence">Influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberatelondon.GIF" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Liberatelondon.GIF/220px-Liberatelondon.GIF" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Liberatelondon.GIF/330px-Liberatelondon.GIF 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Liberatelondon.GIF/440px-Liberatelondon.GIF 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="1460" /></a><figcaption>evoL PsychogeogrAphix 2003</figcaption></figure> <p>Debord's analysis of the spectacle has been influential among people working on television, particularly in France and Italy;<sup id="cite_ref-BlissettNuncEstBibendum95_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlissettNuncEstBibendum95-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Derrida02Q&A_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derrida02Q&A-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Italy, TV programs produced by situationist intellectuals, like Antonio Ricci's <i><a href="/wiki/Striscia_la_notizia" title="Striscia la notizia">Striscia la notizia</a></i>, or Carlo Freccero's programming schedule for <i><a href="/wiki/Italia_1" title="Italia 1">Italia 1</a></i> in the early 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-BlissettNuncEstBibendum95_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlissettNuncEstBibendum95-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1960s and 1970s, anarchists, communists, and other leftists offered various interpretations of Situationist concepts in combination with a variety of other perspectives. Examples of these groups include: in Amsterdam, the <a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provos</a>; in the UK, <a href="/wiki/King_Mob" title="King Mob">King Mob</a>, the producers of <i>Heatwave</i> magazine (including <a href="/wiki/Charles_Radcliffe" title="Charles Radcliffe">Charles Radcliffe</a> who later briefly joined the <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Situationist_International#English_Section_(5)" title="Members of the Situationist International">English Section of the Situationist International</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Angry_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Angry Brigade">Angry Brigade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the US, groups like <a href="/wiki/Black_Mask_(anarchists)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Mask (anarchists)">Black Mask</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Up_Against_the_Wall_Motherfuckers" class="mw-redirect" title="Up Against the Wall Motherfuckers">Up Against the Wall Motherfuckers</a>), <a href="/wiki/Weatherman_(organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weatherman (organization)">The Weathermen</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Surrealist_Group" title="Chicago Surrealist Group">Rebel Worker</a> group also explicitly employed their ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_2007_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang_2007-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anarchist theorists such as <a href="/wiki/Fredy_Perlman" title="Fredy Perlman">Fredy Perlman</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Abolition_of_Work" title="The Abolition of Work">Bob Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakim_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakim Bey">Hakim Bey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">John Zerzan</a>, have developed the SI's ideas in various directions away from Marxism. These theorists were predominantly associated with the magazines <i><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Estate_(periodical)" title="Fifth Estate (periodical)">Fifth Estate</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Anarchy:_A_Journal_of_Desire_Armed" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchy: A Journal of Desire Armed">Anarchy: A Journal of Desire Armed</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Green_Anarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Anarchy">Green Anarchy</a></i>. During the early 1980s, English anarchist Larry Law produced the <i>Spectacular Times</i> pocket-books series, which aimed to make Situationist ideas more easily assimilated into the anarchist movement. Later anarchist theorists such as the <a href="/wiki/CrimethInc." title="CrimethInc.">CrimethInc.</a> collective also claim Situationist influence.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_2007_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang_2007-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Situationist urban theory, defined initially by the members of the <a href="/wiki/Lettrist_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Lettrist International">Lettrist International</a> as "Unitary Urbanism," was extensively developed through the behavioural and performance structures of <a href="/wiki/The_Workshop_for_Non-Linear_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="The Workshop for Non-Linear Architecture">The Workshop for Non-Linear Architecture</a> during the 1990s. The re-emergence of the <a href="/wiki/London_Psychogeographical_Association" title="London Psychogeographical Association">London Psychogeographical Association</a> also inspired many new psychogeographical groups including Manchester Area Psychogeographic. The LPA and the <a href="/wiki/Neoist_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoist Alliance">Neoist Alliance</a> along with the <a href="/wiki/Luther_Blissett_(nom_de_plume)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luther Blissett (nom de plume)">Luther Blissett</a> Project came together to form a New <a href="/wiki/Lettrist_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Lettrist International">Lettrist International</a> with a specifically <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> perspective. Around this time, <a href="/wiki/Unpopular_Books" title="Unpopular Books">Unpopular Books</a> and the LPA released some key texts including new translations of <a href="/wiki/Asger_Jorn" title="Asger Jorn">Asger Jorn</a>'s work. </p><p>Around this time also, groups such as <a href="/wiki/Reclaim_the_Streets" title="Reclaim the Streets">Reclaim the Streets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adbusters" title="Adbusters">Adbusters</a> have, respectively, seen themselves as "creating situations" or practicing detournement on advertisements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Punk_and_culture">Punk and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Punk and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In cultural terms, Situationist International's influence has arguably been greater, if more diffuse. In the late 1960s, <a href="/wiki/MC5" title="MC5">MC5</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Fugs" title="The Fugs">the Fugs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hawkwind" title="Hawkwind">Hawkwind</a> were radical situationist bands. </p><p>Situationist ideas exerted a strong influence on the design language of the <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> phenomenon of the 1970s and the post-punk scene of the early 1980s. To a significant extent, this was the result of the adoption of the style, aesthetics and slogans employed by the SI. These were often secondhand influences received through British situationist groups such as <a href="/wiki/King_Mob" title="King Mob">King Mob</a> whose associates included <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_McLaren" title="Malcolm McLaren">Malcolm McLaren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Reid" title="Jamie Reid">Jamie Reid</a>. <a href="/wiki/Factory_Records" title="Factory Records">Factory Records</a> owner <a href="/wiki/Tony_Wilson" title="Tony Wilson">Tony Wilson</a> was influenced by situationist <a href="/wiki/The_Ha%C3%A7ienda" title="The Haçienda">urbanism</a>, and Factory band <a href="/wiki/The_Durutti_Column" title="The Durutti Column">the Durutti Column</a> took their name from Andre Bertrand's collage <i>Le Retour de la Colonne Durutti</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Bertrand, in turn, took his title from the eponymous <a href="/wiki/Durruti_Column" title="Durruti Column">anarchist army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>). American punk group the <a href="/wiki/Feederz" class="mw-redirect" title="Feederz">Feederz</a> have been acclaimed as exhibiting a more direct and conscious influence. Formed in the late 1970s, they became known for extensive use of detournement and their intention to provoke their audience through the exposition of situationist themes.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other musical artists whose lyrics and artwork have referenced situationist concepts include <a href="/wiki/The_Clash" title="The Clash">the Clash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pussy_Riot" title="Pussy Riot">Pussy Riot</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Crass" title="Crass">Crass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Robinson_Band" title="Tom Robinson Band">Tom Robinson Band</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Dury" title="Ian Dury">Ian Dury</a>, <a href="/wiki/X-Ray_Spex" title="X-Ray Spex">X-Ray Spex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sham_69" title="Sham 69">Sham 69</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buzzcocks" title="Buzzcocks">Buzzcocks</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Fall_(band)" title="The Fall (band)">the Fall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrik_Fitzgerald" title="Patrik Fitzgerald">Patrik Fitzgerald</a>, Conflict, the Royal Family and the Poor, <a href="/wiki/Angelic_Upstarts" title="Angelic Upstarts">Angelic Upstarts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaos_UK" title="Chaos UK">Chaos UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaotic_Dischord" title="Chaotic Dischord">Chaotic Dischord</a>, <a href="/wiki/MDC_(band)" title="MDC (band)">MDC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dead_Kennedys" title="Dead Kennedys">Dead Kennedys</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Reagan_Youth" title="Reagan Youth">Reagan Youth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chumbawamba" title="Chumbawamba">Chumbawamba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manic_Street_Preachers" title="Manic Street Preachers">Manic Street Preachers</a>. Situationist theory experienced a vogue in the late '90s <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk</a> scene, when it was referenced by <a href="/wiki/Orchid_(screamo_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchid (screamo band)">Orchid</a>, <a href="/wiki/His_Hero_Is_Gone" title="His Hero Is Gone">His Hero Is Gone</a> and <a href="/wiki/CrimethInc." title="CrimethInc.">CrimethInc.</a> </p><p>Situationist ideas may be found within the development of other avant-garde threads such as <a href="/wiki/Unilalianism" title="Unilalianism">unilalianism</a><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Neoism" title="Neoism">neoism</a>, as well as artists such as <a href="/wiki/Mark_Divo" title="Mark Divo">Mark Divo</a>. </p><p>Writers such as <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Zengotita" title="Thomas de Zengotita">Thomas de Zengotita</a> have echoed situationist theories regarding the <a href="/wiki/Mediated:_How_the_Media_Shapes_your_World_and_the_Way_you_Live_in_it" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediated: How the Media Shapes your World and the Way you Live in it">spectacle</a> of contemporary society. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">Anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Corporation" title="Bernadette Corporation">Bernadette Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Fleet" title="Golden Fleet">Golden Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Mob" title="King Mob">King Mob</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Right_to_Be_Greedy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Right to Be Greedy">The Right to Be Greedy</a>: Theses on the Practical Necessity of Demanding Everything</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoism" title="Neoism">Neoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenale_Institute_for_Politics_of_Representation" title="Arsenale Institute for Politics of Representation">Arsenale Institute for Politics of Representation</a>: an international institution for cultural studies and philosophical research, which archives contains an extensive research collection of the avant-garde movements of the early 20th century, with a focus on documents and works by Situationists, among others</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Plant1992TheMost-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plant1992TheMost_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPlant1992" class="citation book cs1">Plant, Sadie (1992). <i>The Most Radical Gesture</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-06222-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-06222-0"><bdi>978-0-415-06222-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Most+Radical+Gesture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-415-06222-0&rft.aulast=Plant&rft.aufirst=Sadie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debord1967Society-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Debord1967Society_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebord1967" class="citation book cs1">Debord, Guy (1967). <i>Society of the Spectacle</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Society+of+the+Spectacle&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Debord&rft.aufirst=Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debord1958Definitions-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1958Definitions_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1958Definitions_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1958Definitions_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1958Definitions_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1958Definitions_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1958Definitions_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebord1958" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Debord, Guy</a> (June 1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/definitions.html">"Definitions"</a>. <i>Internationale Situationniste</i>. No. 1. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Knabb" title="Ken Knabb">Knabb, Ken</a>. Paris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061017183947/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/definitions.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Internationale+Situationniste&rft.atitle=Definitions&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1958-06&rft.aulast=Debord&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cddc.vt.edu%2Fsionline%2Fsi%2Fdefinitions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debord1957Report-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1957Report_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Guy Debord (1957) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/report.html">Report on the Construction of Situations and on the International Situationist Tendency's Conditions of Organization and Action</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514125701/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/report.html">Archived</a> 14 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. (Paris, June 1957). Translated by Ken Knabb.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PreliminarySituations-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PreliminarySituations_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guy Debord (1958) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/problems.html">Preliminary Problems in Constructing a Situation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608044138/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline///si/problems.html">Archived</a> 8 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Internationale Situationniste No. 1 (Paris, June 1958). Translated by Ken Knabb.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vaneigem1967Revolution1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vaneigem1967Revolution1_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raoul Vaneigem (1967) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.nothingness.org/articles/SI/en/display/35">Traité du savoir-vivre à l’usage des jeunes générations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110224000044/http://library.nothingness.org/articles/SI/en/display/35">Archived</a> 24 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. (Paris, June 1967). Chapter 1: The Insignificant Signified.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debord1967SocietyIX-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Debord1967SocietyIX_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guy Debord (1967) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/tsots09.html"><i>Society of the Spectacle</i>. (Paris, June 1967). Chapter IX: Ideology in Material Form.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720111547/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/tsots09.html">Archived</a> 20 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReportManifesto57-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReportManifesto57_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReportManifesto57_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Report_on_the_Construction_of_Situations" title="Report on the Construction of Situations">Report on the Construction of Situations</a></i> (1957)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SI58-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SI58_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI58_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline///si/is1.html">"Internationale Situationniste No. 1 (June 1958)"</a>. Cddc.vt.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100613133347/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/is1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Internationale+Situationniste+No.+1+%28June+1958%29&rft.pub=Cddc.vt.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cddc.vt.edu%2Fsionline%2F%2F%2Fsi%2Fis1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horn07p8-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Horn07p8_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horn (2007), p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marcus89p279-86-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marcus89p279-86_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Greil_Marcus" title="Greil Marcus">Greil Marcus</a> (1989) <i><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_Traces:_A_Secret_History_of_the_20th_Century" title="Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the 20th Century">Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the 20th Century</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TVAoeipLL38C">preview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170413042506/https://books.google.com/books?id=TVAoeipLL38C">Archived</a> 13 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Google books, pp. 279–86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boucharenc05-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boucharenc05_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boucharenc, Myriam (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uYKf2PLK1BgC"><i>L'universel reportage</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170413042610/https://books.google.com/books?id=uYKf2PLK1BgC">Archived</a> 13 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, pp. 94–6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breton50NotreDame-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Breton50NotreDame_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">Breton, André</a> (1950) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://juralibertaire.over-blog.com/article-le-scandale-de-notre-dame-41681161.html"><i>Lettre a Louis Pauwels" sur le «"scandale" de Notre Dame»</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728124014/http://juralibertaire.over-blog.com/article-le-scandale-de-notre-dame-41681161.html">Archived</a> 28 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Combat_(newspaper)" title="Combat (newspaper)">Combat</a></i>, 12 April 1950, <i>OC III</i>, pp. 1024–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berna1952No-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Berna1952No_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Serge Berna, Jean-Louis Brau, Guy Debord & Gil J. Wolman (1952) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/presitu/flatfeet.html">No More Flat Feet!</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101229081935/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/presitu/flatfeet.html">Archived</a> 29 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Internationale Lettriste No. 1 (Paris, November 1952). Translated by Ken Knabb. Emphasis in original.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1952Position-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1952Position_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(1952) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/presitu/position.html">Position of the Lettrist International</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720111435/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/presitu/position.html">Archived</a> 20 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Internationale Lettriste No. 1 (Paris, November 1952). Translated by Ken Knabb.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debord1955Introduction-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1955Introduction_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1955Introduction_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Guy Debord (1955) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/presitu/geography.html">Introduction to a Critique of Urban Geography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720111146/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/presitu/geography.html">Archived</a> 20 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Les Lèvres Nues No. 6 (Paris, September 1955). Translated by Ken Knabb.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debord1956Theory-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Debord1956Theory_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guy Debord (1956) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/presitu/geography.html">Theory of the Dérive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720111146/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/presitu/geography.html">Archived</a> 20 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Les Lèvres Nues No. 9 (Paris, November 1956). Reprinted in Internationale Situationniste No. 2 (Paris, December 1958). Translated by Ken Knabb.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horn07p5-7-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Horn07p5-7_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horn (2007), pp. 5–7, 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWark2011" class="citation book cs1">Wark, McKenzie (20 June 2011). <i>The Beach Beneath the Street: The Everyday Life and Glorious Times of the Situationist International</i> (1 ed.). Verso Books. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781844677207" title="Special:BookSources/9781844677207"><bdi>9781844677207</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beach+Beneath+the+Street%3A+The+Everyday+Life+and+Glorious+Times+of+the+Situationist+International&rft.pages=67&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2011-06-20&rft.isbn=9781844677207&rft.aulast=Wark&rft.aufirst=McKenzie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jappe99DebordJorn-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jappe99DebordJorn_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Anselm_Jappe" title="Anselm Jappe">Anselm Jappe</a>, 1999, p. 65 quotation: "For the first four years of the SI's existence, the pivot of the group was the collaboration between Debord and Asger Jorn, who complemented each other well precisely because they were so different".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes2017" class="citation thesis cs1">Hayes, Anthony (2017). "Appendix three: Whose spectacle?". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/132358"><i>How the Situationist International became what it was</i></a> (Thesis). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220502044930/https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/132358">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=How+the+Situationist+International+became+what+it+was&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenresearch-repository.anu.edu.au%2Fhandle%2F1885%2F132358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PoliOntheReport-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PoliOntheReport_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PoliOntheReport_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PoliOntheReport_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Debord harshly denounced the degradation in the <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a> under capitalism, also in his 1957 <i>Report</i>. <a href="#CITEREFPoli1991">Poli 1991</a> said on Debord's Report: <blockquote><p>Con il suo <i>Rapporto...</i> del 1957, Debord definisce programmaticamente le basi teoriche del situazionismo. <a href="/wiki/..." class="mw-redirect" title="...">...</a> <br />Nel Rapporto di Debord si legge inoltre una durissima critica allo sfruttamento capitalistico delle masse anche nel tempo libero attraverso l'industria del divertimento che abbrutisce la gente con sottoprodotti dell'ideologia mistificata della borghesia.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1963TheExclusion-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1963TheExclusion_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1963TheExclusion_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1963TheExclusion_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(1963) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notbored.org/spur-exclusion.html">The Exclusion of the Spurists</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090520064219/http://www.notbored.org/spur-exclusion.html">Archived</a> 20 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Internationale Situationniste No. 8 (Paris, January 1963). Translated by Ken Knabb.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SI5Conf4-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SI5Conf4_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI5Conf4_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/SIOnline/si/london.html">The Fourth SI Conference in London</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080905181622/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/london.html">Archived</a> 5 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/5.conf4.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090923121507/http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/5.conf4.htm">Archived</a> 23 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Internationale Situationniste No. 5 (December 1960)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kunzelmann-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kunzelmann_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurr.org/t_nothing.php">Nothing to talk about</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090105221228/http://www.kurr.org/t_nothing.php">Archived</a> 5 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> key, Halil Altindere and Sezgin Boynik (editors)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SI7Conf5-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SI7Conf5_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/SIOnline/si/goteborg.html">The Fifth SI Conference in Göteborg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101029073104/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/goteborg.html">Archived</a> 29 October 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/7.conf5.htm">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090923122644/http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/7.conf5.htm">Archived</a> 23 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Internationale Situationniste No. 7 (April 1962)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DebordVernissage150362-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DebordVernissage150362_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notbored.org/debord-15March1962.html">Letter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100613154947/http://notbored.org/debord-15March1962.html">Archived</a> 13 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from Guy Debord and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uwe_Lausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uwe Lausen (page does not exist)">Uwe Lausen</a> to the journal <i>Vernissage</i>, 15 March 1962</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1963TheCounter-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1963TheCounter_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1963TheCounter_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1963TheCounter_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1963TheCounter_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1963TheCounter_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(1963) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/SIOnline/si/counter.html">The Counter-Situationist Campaign in Various Countries</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080821121236/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/counter.html">Archived</a> 21 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Internationale Situationniste No. 8 (Paris, January 1963). Translated by Ken Knabb.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debord180662-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Debord180662_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notbored.org/debord-18June1962.html">Letter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100613161653/http://notbored.org/debord-18June1962.html">Archived</a> 13 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Gasche" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodolphe Gasche">Rodolphe Gasche</a> (member of the Gruppe SPUR), 18 June 1962</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DebordSpur280462-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DebordSpur280462_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notbored.org/debord-28April1962.html">Letter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228054921/http://www.notbored.org/debord-28April1962.html">Archived</a> 28 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from Guy Debord To the Spur group, 28 April 1962</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunyard2017" class="citation book cs1">Bunyard, Tom (20 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=roJ1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA104"><i>Debord, Time and Spectacle: Hegelian Marxism and Situationist Theory</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004356023" title="Special:BookSources/9789004356023"><bdi>9789004356023</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debord%2C+Time+and+Spectacle%3A+Hegelian+Marxism+and+Situationist+Theory&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2017-11-20&rft.isbn=9789004356023&rft.aulast=Bunyard&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DroJ1DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blissett2002Guy-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blissett2002Guy_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Luther Blissett (2002) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.nothingness.org/articles/SI/en/pub_contents/9">Guy Debord Is Really Dead</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110313022240/http://library.nothingness.org/articles/SI/en/pub_contents/9">Archived</a> 13 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlant1992" class="citation book cs1">Plant, Sadie (1992). <i>The Most Radical Gesture</i>. New York: Routledge. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-06222-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-06222-0"><bdi>978-0-415-06222-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Most+Radical+Gesture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-415-06222-0&rft.aulast=Plant&rft.aufirst=Sadie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vague1997Anarchy-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vague1997Anarchy_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vague1997Anarchy_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vague1997Anarchy_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vague1997Anarchy_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVague1997" class="citation book cs1">Vague, Tom (1997). <i>Anarchy in the Uk: the Angry Brigade</i>. Stirling: AK Press. pp. 13–14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873176-98-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873176-98-6"><bdi>978-1-873176-98-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchy+in+the+Uk%3A+the+Angry+Brigade&rft.place=Stirling&rft.pages=13-14&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-873176-98-6&rft.aulast=Vague&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ClarkAndNSWinter97-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ClarkAndNSWinter97_35-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Clark and Nicholson-Smith (Winter 1997), quotation: <blockquote><p>In particular the key issue, of how and why the situationists came to have a preponderant role in May 1968—that is, how and why their brand of politics participated in, and to an extent fueled, a crisis of the late-capitalist State—is still wide open to interpretation.</p></blockquote> A description of the portion of the Left at clash with the situationists is found in note #4: <blockquote><p>The word "Left" <a href="/wiki/..." class="mw-redirect" title="...">...</a> much of the time is used descriptively, and therefore pessimistically, to indicate a set of interlocking ideological directorships stretching roughly from the statist and workerist fringes of social democracy and laborism to the para-academic journals and <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tanks</a> of latter-day <a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a>, taking in the <a href="/wiki/Stalinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalinist">Stalinist</a> and lightly post-Stalinist center along the way.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lasn2000-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lasn2000_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kalle_Lasn" title="Kalle Lasn">Lasn, Kalle</a> (2000) <i>Culture Jam</i>. New York: Quill. Quotation: <blockquote><p>In May 1968, the Situationist-inspired Paris riots set off "a chain reaction of refusal" against consumer capitalism.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BandiniImpactAndBoycott-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BandiniImpactAndBoycott_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BandiniImpactAndBoycott_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BandiniImpactAndBoycott_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BandiniImpactAndBoycott_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBandini1988">Bandini 1988</a>, Preface to second edition<blockquote><p>L'I.S. diventa il detonatore, il reiferimento spesso taciuto per ragioni settarie, la fabbrica di metafore entrate nel linguaggio comune che ne ignora molto spesso l'esatto senso: e su tutte valga la metafora debordiana della nostra societa' come "societa' dello spettacolo.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rivarol1984-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rivarol1984_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Rivarol_(magazine)" title="Rivarol (magazine)">Rivarol</a></i>, 16 March 1984, quotation:<blockquote><p>the Situationist International, the political and revolutionary movement that was at the origin of the events of May 1968</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Présent1984-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Présent1984_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sent" title="Présent">Présent</a></i>, 10 March 1984, quotation:<blockquote><p>...the enragé <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a>, the leader of the situationists, the most nihilistic, the most destructive of the anarcho-surrealist movements, probably the principal promoter of subversion of 1968.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BabronskiEtAl1984-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BabronskiEtAl1984_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Babronski, Lamy, Brigouleix, <i><a href="/wiki/France-Soir" title="France-Soir">France-Soir</a></i>, 9 and 10 March 1984, quotation:<blockquote><p>the situationists, a movement of libertarian tendency that was one of the detonators of the May '68 events.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WordsAndBullets1984-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WordsAndBullets1984_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuy_Debord2003" class="citation web cs1">Guy Debord (August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notbored.org/les-mots.html">"Words and Bullets – The Condemned of the Lebovici Affair"</a>. NOT BORED!. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725073302/http://www.notbored.org/les-mots.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Words+and+Bullets+%E2%80%93+The+Condemned+of+the+Lebovici+Affair&rft.pub=NOT+BORED%21&rft.date=2003-08&rft.au=Guy+Debord&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.notbored.org%2Fles-mots.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span>. On May '68, it quotes Babronski et al. (1984)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20AnsJune68-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20AnsJune68_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The monthly magazine <i><a href="/wiki/20_Ans" title="20 Ans">20 Ans</a></i>, June 1968 issue, quotation:<blockquote><p>The Situationist International is the vanguard of the student movement.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rivarol3May1968-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rivarol3May1968_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Rivarol_(magazine)" title="Rivarol (magazine)">Rivarol</a></i>, 3 May 1968, quotation:<blockquote><p>it has largely been forgotten that, as early as February, the riots at Nantes showed the real face of these 'situationists,' fifteen hundred students under red and black flags, the Hall of Justice occupied...</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atkins1977-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Atkins1977_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkins1977">Atkins 1977</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jappe99May68-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jappe99May68_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jappe99May68_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jappe99May68_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jappe99May68_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Anselm_Jappe" title="Anselm Jappe">Anselm Jappe</a>, 1999, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gombin71May68-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gombin71May68_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Gombin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Gombin (page does not exist)">Richard Gombin</a>(1971).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syring98-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Syring98_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Luise_Syring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie Luise Syring (page does not exist)">Marie Luise Syring</a> (1998) (editor) <i>Um 1968: konkrete Utopien in Kunst und Gesellschaft</i>, quotation: <blockquote><p>By far the greatest influence that the theory of art and aesthetics exercised upon the protest movement of students and left-wing intellectuals was in all likelihood that of the Situationists, something which practically nobody recalls today.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DemonetEtAl75-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DemonetEtAl75_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Demonet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Demonet (page does not exist)">Demonet, Michel</a> et al. (1975) <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Tracts_en_mai_68&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Des Tracts en mai 68 (page does not exist)">Des Tracts en mai 68</a></i>. Paris: Champ Libre, 1978.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dumontier1990-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dumontier1990_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pascal_Dumontier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pascal Dumontier (page does not exist)">Pascal Dumontier</a> (1990) <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Situationnistes_et_mai_68&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Situationnistes et mai 68 (page does not exist)">Les Situationnistes et mai 68</a>: Théorie et la practique de la révolution (1966–1972)</i>. Paris: Gérard Lebovici.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fauré98-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fauré98_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christine_Faur%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christine Fauré (page does not exist)">Christine Fauré</a> (1998) <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mai_68:_Jour_et_Nuit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mai 68: Jour et Nuit (page does not exist)">Mai 68: Jour et Nuit</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">De Gaulle, Televised speech of 7 June 1968. Quoted in <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Vi%C3%A9net" title="René Viénet">René Viénet</a> (1968) <i>Enragés et situationnistes dans le mouvement des occupations</i> (Paris: Gallimard)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Viénet68sec1-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Viénet68sec1_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Viénet68sec1_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Vi%C3%A9net" title="René Viénet">René Viénet</a> (1968) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/enrages.html">Enragés and Situationists in the Occupations Movement</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080327205321/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/enrages.html">Archived</a> 27 March 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (Translated by Loren Goldner and Paul Sieveking, New York: Autonomedia, 1992), sec.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mustapha Khayati (November 1966)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SI12BeginningOfAnEra-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SI12BeginningOfAnEra_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI12BeginningOfAnEra_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI12BeginningOfAnEra_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI12BeginningOfAnEra_54-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Beginning of an Era</i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/12.era1.htm">part1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090923121011/http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/12.era1.htm">Archived</a> 23 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/12.era2.htm">part 2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090323124837/http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/12.era2.htm">Archived</a> 23 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) Situationist International No. 12, 1969</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFu2r2h2010" class="citation web cs1">u2r2h (13 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tangibleinfo.blogspot.com/2010/08/gianfranco-sanguinetti-full-text-of.html">"Complete (translated) texts"</a>. Tangibleinfo.blogspot.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131013162433/http://tangibleinfo.blogspot.com/2010/08/gianfranco-sanguinetti-full-text-of.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Complete+%28translated%29+texts&rft.pub=Tangibleinfo.blogspot.com&rft.date=2010-08-13&rft.au=u2r2h&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftangibleinfo.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F08%2Fgianfranco-sanguinetti-full-text-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notbored.org/report.html">"Gianfranco Sanguinetti"</a>. Notbored.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130826043551/http://www.notbored.org/report.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gianfranco+Sanguinetti&rft.pub=Notbored.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.notbored.org%2Freport.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://debordiana.chez.com/francais/preuves.htm">"Preuves de l'inexistence de Censor"</a>. <i>debordiana.chez.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022033951/http://debordiana.chez.com/francais/preuves.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=debordiana.chez.com&rft.atitle=Preuves+de+l%27inexistence+de+Censor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdebordiana.chez.com%2Ffrancais%2Fpreuves.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karen2001-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Karen2001_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaren_Elliot2001" class="citation web cs1">Karen Elliot (1 June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509104610/http://www.barbelith.com/cgi-bin/articles/00000011.shtml">"Situationism in a nutshell"</a>. Barbelith Webzine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barbelith.com/cgi-bin/articles/00000011.shtml">the original</a> on 9 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Situationism+in+a+nutshell&rft.pub=Barbelith+Webzine&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.au=Karen+Elliot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barbelith.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticles%2F00000011.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debord1977t24-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Debord1977t24_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Debord (1967) thesis 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brush2005p377-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brush2005p377_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brush (2005) pp. 377–8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debord1988cII-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Debord1988cII_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Debord (1988) <i>Comments on the Society of the Spectacle</i>, II</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debord1967SocietyI-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Debord1967SocietyI_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guy Debord (1967) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/tsots01.html"><i>Society of the Spectacle</i>. (Paris, June 1967). Chapter I: Separation Perfected.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720111600/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/tsots01.html">Archived</a> 20 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Debord (1957) pp. 2, 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chasse1969Faces-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chasse1969Faces_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Chasse, Bruce Elwell, Jonathon Horelick, Tony Verlaan. (1969) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/faces.html">Faces of Recuperation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720111505/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/faces.html">Archived</a> 20 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. In the American section of the Situationist International, issue No. 1 (New York, June 1969).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holt2010p252-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holt2010p252_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holt2010p252_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holt (2010) p. 252</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Kaste <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=141526467"><i>Exploring Occupy Wall Street's 'Adbuster' Origins</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215171558/https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=141526467">Archived</a> 15 December 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, NPR, 20 October 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marrone05-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marrone05_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marrone, Gianfranco (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0jluoyGktKsC"><i>Sensi alterati: droghe, musica, immagini</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170413102631/https://books.google.com/books?id=0jluoyGktKsC">Archived</a> 13 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 45, quote: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[...] gioco al coplotto, alla manipolazione dei media, alla beffa, alla "grande truffa," o al <i>detournement</i>—inventato dai situazionisti e ripreso dai punk—che appunto del situazionismo sono talvolta concreti continuatori. Pensiamo in questo senso al fin troppo noto caso, esagerato dai media, ma paradigmatico, del manager dei Sex Pistols, Malcom McClaren, a partire dal quale, nell'estate del 1977, si scateno', con grande scandalo, il lancio del gruppo dei Pistols in pieno Giubileo della regina, e l'interesse della stampa per la nascente scena punk. Tuttavia, anche in questo caso non-si tratta, come invece è stato spesso sostenuto, di freddo "gioco a tavolino", di cinismo, di furbo lancio di un prodotto da parte di chi aveva studiato i media e lavorava sulla guerriglia semiologica (cfr. Fabbri P. 2002, p. 40), di una tattica che sarebbe poi stata facilmente sfruttata e fatta propria da quel momento in avanti dall'industria culturale <i>mainstream</i>.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PoliOnArtAndPolitics-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PoliOnArtAndPolitics_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Poli" title="Francesco Poli">Francesco Poli</a> (1991) p. 63. Quotation: <blockquote><p> Nel 1972, quindici anni dopo la sua fondazione <a href="/wiki/..." class="mw-redirect" title="...">...</a> l'Internazionale Situazionista si scioglie in quanto organizzazione. Durante questi anni, il movimento, caratterizzato da un'ideologia dell'estetico e del politico di matrice marxista e surrealista, produce una quantita' consistente di scritti teorici, opuscoli, libri, film e lavori artistici nel campo della pittura e della progettazione di interventi nella dimensione urbana. Di grande rilievo è il ruolo degli artisti, tra cui in particolare Asger Jorn, Constant e Pinot Gallizio;</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BandiniArtAndPolitics-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BandiniArtAndPolitics_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BandiniArtAndPolitics_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBandini1988">Bandini 1988</a>, quotation: <blockquote><p>Per la prima volta dopo il surrealismo, arte e politica vengono affrontate insieme in termini rivoluzionari. <a href="/wiki/..." class="mw-redirect" title="...">...</a> L'idea chiave è quella della 'costruzione di situazioni' <a href="/wiki/..." class="mw-redirect" title="...">...</a> L'urbanesimo unitario <a href="/wiki/..." class="mw-redirect" title="...">...</a> Fondamentale è la 'ricerca psicogeografica': studio delle leggi esatte e degli effetti precisi che l'ambiente geografico, coscientemente disposto o no, attua direttamente sul comportamento affettivo degli individui.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gombin71SIEverydayLife-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gombin71SIEverydayLife_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Gombin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Gombin (page does not exist)">Richard Gombin</a> (1971), chap. 3, quotation: <blockquote><p>the IS was to attempt an analysis of the modern world from the point of view of everyday life. ... The critique of everyday life is not intended to be purely an analysis; it is supposed to lead on to a revolutionary praxis. ... <a href="/w/index.php?title=On_SI_analysis_of_consumerism:&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="On SI analysis of consumerism: (page does not exist)">On SI analysis of consumerism:</a> This process causes an accelerating degradation of everyday life.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debord1967QualityOfLife-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1967QualityOfLife_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debord1967QualityOfLife_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Debord G.E. (1967) : thesis 6, 8, 10, 17, 19, 30, 37, 60, 68, 114, 134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BandiniCapitaslismDegrade-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BandiniCapitaslismDegrade_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBandini1988">Bandini 1988</a>, Preface to second edition, quotation: <blockquote><p>[...] reagire all'avvilita condizione dell'uomo nel sistema capitalista.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knabb,_Ken_1995._pg_50-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Knabb,_Ken_1995._pg_50_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnabb1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Knabb" title="Ken Knabb">Knabb, Ken</a>, ed. (1995). <i>Situationist International Anthology</i>. Berkeley: Bureau of Public Secrets. p. 50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Situationist+International+Anthology&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Public+Secrets&rft.date=1995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanouilletGanguly2012" class="citation book cs1">Sanouillet, Michel; Ganguly, Sharmila (2 October 2012). <i>Dada in Paris</i> (Revised, Expanded ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262518215" title="Special:BookSources/9780262518215"><bdi>9780262518215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dada+in+Paris&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pages=178&rft.edition=Revised%2C+Expanded&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2012-10-02&rft.isbn=9780262518215&rft.aulast=Sanouillet&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.au=Ganguly%2C+Sharmila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaladyn2015" class="citation book cs1">Haladyn, Julian Jason (30 October 2015). <i>Boredom and Art: Passions of the Will To Boredom</i>. Zero Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781782799986" title="Special:BookSources/9781782799986"><bdi>9781782799986</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boredom+and+Art%3A+Passions+of+the+Will+To+Boredom&rft.pub=Zero+Books&rft.date=2015-10-30&rft.isbn=9781782799986&rft.aulast=Haladyn&rft.aufirst=Julian+Jason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreotti, Libero. "Play-Tactics of the "Internationale Situationniste""<i>https://www.jstor.org/stable/779148Play-tactics of the Internationale Situationniste*</i>(n.d.): 36–58. <i>Jstor</i>. The MIT Press, 2000. Web. 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray1998" class="citation book cs1">Gray, Christopher, ed. (1998). <i>Leaving the 20th Century: the Incomplete Work of the Situationist International</i>. London: Rebel P. p. 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leaving+the+20th+Century%3A+the+Incomplete+Work+of+the+Situationist+International&rft.place=London&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Rebel+P.&rft.date=1998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonough2004" class="citation book cs1">McDonough, Tom, ed. (2004). <i>Guy Debord and the Situationist International: Texts and Documents</i>. Boston: October Press. p. 259.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guy+Debord+and+the+Situationist+International%3A+Texts+and+Documents&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=259&rft.pub=October+Press&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Issues available at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/situ.html">"situationist international archive"</a>. <i>situationist international archive</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220503192836/https://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/situ.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=situationist+international+archive&rft.atitle=situationist+international+archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cddc.vt.edu%2Fsionline%2Fsi%2Fsitu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/index.htm">"Situationist International Anthology"</a>. <i>www.bopsecrets.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060815030230/http://bopsecrets.org/SI/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bopsecrets.org&rft.atitle=Situationist+International+Anthology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bopsecrets.org%2FSI%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agamben1990-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Agamben1990_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Giorgio Agamben</a> (1990), "<i>Glosse in margine ai Commentari sulla societa dello spettacolo</i>" in <a href="#CITEREFDebord1990">Debord 1990</a>, pp. 233–250: <blockquote><p> On book <i>Society of Spectacle</i>: "l'analisi più lucida e severa delle miserie e della servitù di una società—quella dello spettacolo, in cui noi viviamo—che ha esteso oggi il suo dominio su tutto il pianeta</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gombin71SIAntiCapitalism-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gombin71SIAntiCapitalism_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gombin71SIAntiCapitalism_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Gombin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Gombin (page does not exist)">Richard Gombin</a> (1971), chap. 3, quotation: <blockquote><p>The concept of revolution created by the Situationist International is that of total contestation of modern capitalism.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SI6DebordTapeRecord1961-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SI6DebordTapeRecord1961_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI6DebordTapeRecord1961_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Guy Debord (1961) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/6.everyday.htm">Perspectives for Conscious Changes in Everyday Life</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221103531/http://bopsecrets.org/SI/6.everyday.htm">Archived</a> 21 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. This work was originally presented by tape recording 17 May 1961 at a conference of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_for_Research_on_Everyday_Life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group for Research on Everyday Life (page does not exist)">Group for Research on Everyday Life</a> convened in Paris by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Lefebvre" title="Henri Lefebvre">Henri Lefebvre</a>. Its first print appearance was in Internationale Situationniste No. 6 (Paris, August 1961).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SI8EditorialNotes-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SI8EditorialNotes_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI8EditorialNotes_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/is8.html">Editorial Notes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304151519/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/is8.html">Archived</a> 4 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, Internationale Situationniste No. 8, 1963.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BandiniAntiStalisnism-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BandiniAntiStalisnism_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BandiniAntiStalisnism_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBandini1988">Bandini 1988</a>, Preface to second edition<blockquote><p>Non a caso l'I.S. sorge ed e' coeva alla denuncia dello Stalinismo.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DasKapitalEntrySentence-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DasKapitalEntrySentence_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital">Das Kapital</a></i>, entry sentence, p. 125: "The wealth of societies in which the capitalist mode of production prevails appears as an 'immense collection of commodities'"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DebordThesis1st-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DebordThesis1st_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>"The whole life of those societies in which modern conditions of production prevail presents itself as an immense accumulation of spectacles."</i> Debord G.E. (1967), thesis 1st.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Debord G.E. (1967) : thesis 17, 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giorgio Agamben, 1989</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Debord G.E. (1967) : thesis 6, 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Debord G.E. (1967) : thesis 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Debord G.E. (1967) : thesis 25, 192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notbored.org/debord-12March1969.html">Guy Debord letter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126012432/http://notbored.org/debord-12March1969.html">Archived</a> 26 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> to Italian section of the SI in Milan and to Mario Perniola in Rome, 12 March 1969</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notbored.org/debord-9December1969.html">Guy Debord letter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126032709/http://notbored.org/debord-9December1969.html">Archived</a> 26 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> to Paolo Salvadori 9 December [19]69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notbored.org/debord-17March1970.html">Guy Debord letter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126025115/http://notbored.org/debord-17March1970.html">Archived</a> 26 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> To all the sections of the SI, [17 March 1970]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notbored.org/debord-30July1969.html#_edn4">Guy Debord letter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126032309/http://notbored.org/debord-30July1969.html#_edn4">Archived</a> 26 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> To Rene Vienet, Wednesday 30 July [19]69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSituationist_International1966" class="citation web cs1">Situationist International (9 December 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/12.era1.htm">"<i>The Beginning of an Era</i>"</a>. Bopsecrets.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213040316/http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/12.era1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Beginning+of+an+Era&rft.pub=Bopsecrets.org&rft.date=1966-12-09&rft.au=Situationist+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bopsecrets.org%2FSI%2F12.era1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Greil_Marcus" title="Greil Marcus">Greil Marcus</a> <i>The long walk of the Situationist International</i> in McDonough (2004), <i>Guy Debord and the Situationist International</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bopsecrets.org/PS/situimage.htm">"A Short Guide to the Anglo-American Situationist Image"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191030160253/http://bopsecrets.org/PS/situimage.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Short+Guide+to+the+Anglo-American+Situationist+Image&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bopsecrets.org%2FPS%2Fsituimage.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Debord (1967) <i>The Society of the Spectacle</i>, chap. 4 <i>The Proletariat as Subject and as Representation</i>, theses 92-4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Riesel969-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Riesel969_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Riesel, René <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/councils.html"><i>Preliminaries on Councils and Councilist Organization</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331232234/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/councils.html">Archived</a> 31 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, International Situationniste No. 12 (September 1969)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKen_Knabb1980" class="citation web cs1">Ken Knabb (28 October 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bopsecrets.org/PS/joyrev2.htm#N_3_">"The Joy of Revolution (chap. 2)"</a>. Bopsecrets.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130629050718/http://www.bopsecrets.org/PS/joyrev2.htm#N_3_">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Joy+of+Revolution+%28chap.+2%29&rft.pub=Bopsecrets.org&rft.date=1980-10-28&rft.au=Ken+Knabb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bopsecrets.org%2FPS%2Fjoyrev2.htm%23N_3_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ClarkEtAlSpring97-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ClarkEtAlSpring97_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ClarkEtAlSpring97_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Clark and Nicholson-Smith (Spring 1997), response to <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wollen" title="Peter Wollen">Peter Wollen</a> (March–April 1989). Quotation: <blockquote><p>So far as Wollen is concerned, the anger was provoked by his essay on the history of the SI, and specifically his three-sentence treatment of the organization in its last decade. We think he should look again at these sentences (which conclude some thirty pages of discussion of the SI's place in modern art), and ask himself whether they are not lofty, contemptuous, and dismissive. That's how they read to us. They seem to epitomize—and, in view of their publication history, to enshrine—a certain effort to turn the SI safely into an <a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">art movement</a>, and thereby to minimize its role in the political and social movements of the sixties. Like Wollen, presumably, we think that those up-heavals are of much more than historical interest, and every day they are traduced and trivialized by the <a href="/wiki/Culture_industry" title="Culture industry">culture industry</a>. Much is at stake, therefore. We wanted to denounce a loose conspirancy of silence and misrepresentation which has been the response of a portion of the Left to the challenge that the SI poses to their model of political action.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KnabbOnArtAndPolitics-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KnabbOnArtAndPolitics_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KnabbOnArtAndPolitics_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ken Knabb (2006) <i>SI Anthology</i>, Bibliography – Books about the SI – In English, p. 498</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Lippolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Lippolis (page does not exist)">Mario Lippolis</a> (2000) <i>Notizie su Asger Jorn, situazionista iperpolitico</i> in <a href="#CITEREFJorn2000">Jorn 2000</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mario Lippolis (2000) <i>Un dialogo tra vandali civilizzatori nello sfacelo dell'impero della merce</i> in <a href="#CITEREFJorn2000">Jorn 2000</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaz_Bufe" class="citation web cs1">Chaz Bufe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seesharppress.com/listen.html">"Listen Anarchist!"</a>. See Sharp Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121123073642/http://www.seesharppress.com/listen.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Listen+Anarchist%21&rft.pub=See+Sharp+Press&rft.au=Chaz+Bufe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seesharppress.com%2Flisten.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gibbons-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gibbons_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbons2015" class="citation web cs1">Gibbons, Andrea (30 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://salvage.zone/in-print/salvaging-situationism-race-and-space/">"Salvaging Situationism: Race and Space | Salvage"</a>. <i>salvage.zone</i>. Salvage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180510184520/http://salvage.zone/in-print/salvaging-situationism-race-and-space/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=salvage.zone&rft.atitle=Salvaging+Situationism%3A+Race+and+Space+%7C+Salvage&rft.date=2015-11-30&rft.aulast=Gibbons&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsalvage.zone%2Fin-print%2Fsalvaging-situationism-race-and-space%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlissettNuncEstBibendum95-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BlissettNuncEstBibendum95_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlissettNuncEstBibendum95_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Luther_Blissett_(nom_de_plume)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luther Blissett (nom de plume)">Luther Blissett</a> (2002) [1995] <i>Guy Debord Is Really Dead</i>, Sabotage Editions, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9514417-3-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9514417-3-2">978-0-9514417-3-2</a> English edition of <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scienzepostmoderne.org/DiversiAutori/Debord/DebordMortoDavvero.html">Guy Debord è morto davvero</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425091929/http://www.scienzepostmoderne.org/DiversiAutori/Debord/DebordMortoDavvero.html">Archived</a> 25 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Derrida02Q&A-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Derrida02Q&A_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Derrida (2002) Q&A session at Film Forum pp. 116–7 quote: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I think you probably know that his work [Debord's] is read now more than when he was alive. At least that's the case in France. I don't know if he's read in the States, but in France he's read as presenting a precise critique and political analysis of the media, of the becoming-spectacle, the exploitation of the 'show' in politics and in the media, and television. What's interesting is that in France people, especially the writers or the intellectuals who are often asked to appear on TV—sometimes almost every day—they [reflexively] mention Guy Debord as their master, and I hate this! So I never quote Debord when I'm on TV, and I'm almost never on TV—so I guess that's how, in my way, I'm true to Debord.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2016" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Sam (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/The-Situationist-International-in-Britain-Modernism-Surrealism-and-the/Cooper/p/book/9781138680456"><i>The Situationist International in Britain: modernism, surrealism, and the avant-gardes</i></a>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138680456" title="Special:BookSources/9781138680456"><bdi>9781138680456</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180124072224/https://www.routledge.com/The-Situationist-International-in-Britain-Modernism-Surrealism-and-the/Cooper/p/book/9781138680456">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Situationist+International+in+Britain%3A+modernism%2C+surrealism%2C+and+the+avant-gardes&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781138680456&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FThe-Situationist-International-in-Britain-Modernism-Surrealism-and-the%2FCooper%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9781138680456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lang_2007-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lang_2007_112-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lang_2007_112-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLang2007" class="citation journal cs1">Lang, Daniel (May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.othervoices.org/3.1/dlang/index.php">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Give Us the Dumpsters -Or- Give Us Life": Res Derilictae and the Trash of Free Trade"</a>. <i>Cultural Recycling</i>. <b>3</b> (1). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080928121045/http://www.othervoices.org/3.1/dlang/index.php">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Recycling&rft.atitle=%22Give+Us+the+Dumpsters+-Or-+Give+Us+Life%22%3A+Res+Derilictae+and+the+Trash+of+Free+Trade&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2007-05&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.othervoices.org%2F3.1%2Fdlang%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cerysmaticfactory.info/durutti_le_retour_66.html">"Le Retour de la Colonne Durutti"</a>. Cerysmatic Factory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725014808/http://www.cerysmaticfactory.info/durutti_le_retour_66.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+Retour+de+la+Colonne+Durutti&rft.pub=Cerysmatic+Factory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cerysmaticfactory.info%2Fdurutti_le_retour_66.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNehring2006" class="citation journal cs1">Nehring, Neil (December 2006). "The Situationist International in American Hardcore Punk, 1982–2002". <i>Popular Music & Society</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Music+%26+Society&rft.atitle=The+Situationist+International+in+American+Hardcore+Punk%2C+1982%E2%80%932002&rft.date=2006-12&rft.aulast=Nehring&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russian anti Putin punk band</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vander Molen, Jodi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.progressive.org/mag_intvbiafra">Jello Biafra Interview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060625162455/http://progressive.org/mag_intvbiafra/">Archived</a> 25 June 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Progressive Retrieved 21 March 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/elliswilson/docs/the_secret_stairs_001">"The Secret Stairs: YNAPMOK – Deconstructing the Badaud"</a>. <i>Issuu</i>. 20 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424090832/https://issuu.com/elliswilson/docs/the_secret_stairs_001">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Issuu&rft.atitle=The+Secret+Stairs%3A+YNAPMOK+%E2%80%93+Deconstructing+the+Badaud&rft.date=2018-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Felliswilson%2Fdocs%2Fthe_secret_stairs_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224220138/https://www.unilalia.com/ynapmok">"YNAPMOK: An Installation"</a>. <i>The Unilalia Group</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unilalia.com/ynapmok">the original</a> on 24 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Unilalia+Group&rft.atitle=YNAPMOK%3A+An+Installation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unilalia.com%2Fynapmok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManifestolibri2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Manifestolibri" class="mw-redirect" title="Manifestolibri">Manifestolibri</a>, ed. (2006) [1991]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090123010330/http://www.manifestolibri.it/vedi_indice.php?id=409"><i>I situazionisti e la loro storia</i></a> (in Italian). Roma: Manifestolibri. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-7285-438-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-7285-438-9"><bdi>978-88-7285-438-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/173233761">173233761</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manifestolibri.it/vedi_indice.php?id=409">the original</a> on 23 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+situazionisti+e+la+loro+storia&rft.place=Roma&rft.pub=Manifestolibri&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F173233761&rft.isbn=978-88-7285-438-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manifestolibri.it%2Fvedi_indice.php%3Fid%3D409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgamben1989" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben, Giorgio</a> (6 July 1989). "Violenza e speranza nell'ultimo spettacolo: Dal maggio francese a piazza Tian An Men". <i><a href="/wiki/Il_Manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="Il Manifesto">Il Manifesto</a></i>: 1–2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Il+Manifesto&rft.atitle=Violenza+e+speranza+nell%27ultimo+spettacolo%3A+Dal+maggio+francese+a+piazza+Tian+An+Men&rft.pages=1-2&rft.date=1989-07-06&rft.aulast=Agamben&rft.aufirst=Giorgio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkins1977" class="citation book cs1">Atkins, Guy (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/blindmen81.htm"><i>Asger Jorn, the Crucial Years: 1954–1964</i></a>. New York: Wittenborn Art Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8150-0696-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8150-0696-1"><bdi>978-0-8150-0696-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3260328">3260328</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090323115504/http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/blindmen81.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asger+Jorn%2C+the+Crucial+Years%3A+1954%E2%80%931964&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wittenborn+Art+Books&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3260328&rft.isbn=978-0-8150-0696-1&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bopsecrets.org%2FSI%2Fblindmen81.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBandini1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bandini, Mirella (1988) [1977]. <i>L'estetico, il politico. Da Cobra all'Internazionale situazionista 1948–1957</i> (in Italian). Ancone: Costa & Nolan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-7648-344-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-7648-344-8"><bdi>978-88-7648-344-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/42461565">42461565</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27estetico%2C+il+politico.+Da+Cobra+all%27Internazionale+situazionista+1948%E2%80%931957&rft.place=Ancone&rft.pub=Costa+%26+Nolan&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F42461565&rft.isbn=978-88-7648-344-8&rft.aulast=Bandini&rft.aufirst=Mirella&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkNicholson-Smith1997" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/T._J._Clark_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="T. J. Clark (historian)">Clark, T. J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Donald_Nicholson-Smith" title="Donald Nicholson-Smith">Nicholson-Smith, Donald</a> (Winter 1997). "Why Art Can't Kill the Situationist International". <i>October</i>. <b>79</b>: 15–31. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/778836">778836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=October&rft.atitle=Why+Art+Can%27t+Kill+the+Situationist+International&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=79&rft.pages=15-31&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F778836%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=T.+J.&rft.au=Nicholson-Smith%2C+Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notbored.org/why-art.html">Full text.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090320033331/http://www.notbored.org/why-art.html">Archived</a> 20 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkNicholson-SmithWollen1997" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/T._J._Clark_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="T. J. Clark (historian)">Clark, T. J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Donald_Nicholson-Smith" title="Donald Nicholson-Smith">Nicholson-Smith, Donald</a>; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wollen" title="Peter Wollen">Wollen, Peter</a> (Spring 1997). "Letters and Responses". <i><a href="/wiki/October_(journal)" title="October (journal)">October</a></i>. <b>80</b> (149–151): 149. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F778815">10.2307/778815</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/778815">778815</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147610507">147610507</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=October&rft.atitle=Letters+and+Responses&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=149%E2%80%93151&rft.pages=149&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147610507%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F778815%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F778815&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=T.+J.&rft.au=Nicholson-Smith%2C+Donald&rft.au=Wollen%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebord1990" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Debord, Guy (1990). <i>Commentari sulla società dello spettacolo e La società dello spettacolo</i> (in Italian). Milan. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/84945205">84945205</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commentari+sulla+societ%C3%A0+dello+spettacolo+e+La+societ%C3%A0+dello+spettacolo&rft.pub=Milan&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F84945205&rft.aulast=Debord&rft.aufirst=Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebord1967" class="citation book cs1">Debord, Guy (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.nothingness.org/articles/SI/en/pub_contents/4"><i>The Society of the Spectacle</i></a>. Black & Red. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86091-302-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86091-302-3"><bdi>978-0-86091-302-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/44236857">44236857</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171130200055/http://library.nothingness.org/articles/SI/en/pub_contents/4">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Society+of+the+Spectacle&rft.pub=Black+%26+Red&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44236857&rft.isbn=978-0-86091-302-3&rft.aulast=Debord&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.nothingness.org%2Farticles%2FSI%2Fen%2Fpub_contents%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Derrida, Jacques</a> (2002) Q&A session at <a href="/wiki/Film_Forum" title="Film Forum">Film Forum</a>, New York City, 23 October 2002, transcript by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gil_Kofman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gil Kofman (page does not exist)">Gil Kofman</a>. Published in Kirby Dick, Amy Ziering Kofman, Jacques Derrida (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ICD8tI-LSOUC"><i>Derrida: screenplay and essays on the film</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160507180357/https://books.google.com/books?id=ICD8tI-LSOUC">Archived</a> 7 May 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGombin1975" class="citation book cs1">Gombin, Richard (1975) [1971]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010824131201/http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Lobby/2379/gomlef01.htm"><i>The Origins of Modern Leftism</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_K._Perl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael K. Perl (page does not exist)">Michael K. Perl</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-021846-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-021846-6"><bdi>978-0-14-021846-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/247811170">247811170</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Lobby/2379/gomlef01.htm">the original</a> on 24 August 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Modern+Leftism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F247811170&rft.isbn=978-0-14-021846-6&rft.aulast=Gombin&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2FCapitolHill%2FLobby%2F2379%2Fgomlef01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJappe1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anselm_Jappe" title="Anselm Jappe">Jappe, Anselm</a> (1999) [1992]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rfguCi3qQasC"><i>Guy Debord</i></a>. Berkeley: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-21205-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-21205-3"><bdi>978-0-520-21205-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170413173626/https://books.google.com/books?id=rfguCi3qQasC">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guy+Debord&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-520-21205-3&rft.aulast=Jappe&rft.aufirst=Anselm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrfguCi3qQasC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJorn2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Asger_Jorn" title="Asger Jorn">Jorn, Asger</a> (2000). Mario Lippolis (ed.). <i>Asger Jorn, la comunitá prodiga</i> (in Italian). Rapallo: Zona. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-87578-08-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-87578-08-9"><bdi>978-88-87578-08-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/79899532">79899532</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asger+Jorn%2C+la+comunit%C3%A1+prodiga&rft.place=Rapallo&rft.pub=Zona&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F79899532&rft.isbn=978-88-87578-08-9&rft.aulast=Jorn&rft.aufirst=Asger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonough2002" class="citation magazine cs1">McDonough, Tom (July 2002). "The many lives of Asger Jorn". <i><a href="/wiki/Art_in_America" title="Art in America">Art in America</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Art+in+America&rft.atitle=The+many+lives+of+Asger+Jorn&rft.date=2002-07&rft.aulast=McDonough&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonough2004" class="citation book cs1">McDonough, Tom, ed. (1 April 2004). <i>Guy Debord and the Situationist International: Texts and Documents</i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-63300-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-63300-0"><bdi>978-0-262-63300-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/254164446">254164446</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guy+Debord+and+the+Situationist+International%3A+Texts+and+Documents&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F254164446&rft.isbn=978-0-262-63300-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhayati1966" class="citation book cs1">Khayati, Mustapha (1966). <a href="/wiki/On_the_Poverty_of_Student_Life" title="On the Poverty of Student Life"><i>On the Poverty of Student Life</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Poverty+of+Student+Life&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Khayati&rft.aufirst=Mustapha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoli1991" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Poli" title="Francesco Poli">Poli, Francesco</a> (1991). "Sulla scia dei surrealisti". <i>I Situazionisti e la Loro Storia</i> (in Italian): 63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=I+Situazionisti+e+la+Loro+Storia&rft.atitle=Sulla+scia+dei+surrealisti&rft.pages=63&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Poli&rft.aufirst=Francesco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWollen1989" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wollen" title="Peter Wollen">Wollen, Peter</a> (March–April 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newleftreview.org/I/174/peter-wollen-the-situationist-international">"The Situationist International"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Left_Review" title="New Left Review">New Left Review</a></i>. <b>I</b> (174): 67–95. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160326045610/https://newleftreview.org/I/174/peter-wollen-the-situationist-international">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Left+Review&rft.atitle=The+Situationist+International&rft.volume=I&rft.issue=174&rft.pages=67-95&rft.date=1989-03%2F1989-04&rft.aulast=Wollen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewleftreview.org%2FI%2F174%2Fpeter-wollen-the-situationist-international&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Balsebre, Gianluigi. <i>Della critica radicale. Bibliografia ragionata sull'Internazionale situazionista. Con documenti inediti in italiano</i> Grafton edizioni, Bologna, 1995.</li> <li>Cooper, Sam. <i>The Situationist International in Britain: Modernism, Surrealism, and the Avant-Gardes</i>. Routledge, New York, 2016. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138680456" title="Special:BookSources/9781138680456">9781138680456</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnabb2024" class="citation book cs1">Knabb, Ken, ed. (2024) [originally 1981]. <i>The Situationist International Anthology</i> (Revised and updated ed.). Oakland, California: PM Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8-887440-57-6" title="Special:BookSources/979-8-887440-57-6"><bdi>979-8-887440-57-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Situationist+International+Anthology&rft.place=Oakland%2C+California&rft.edition=Revised+and+updated&rft.pub=PM+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=979-8-887440-57-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASituationist+International" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Ford" title="Simon Ford">Ford, Simon</a>. <i>The Situationist International: A User's Guide</i> (Black Dog, London, 2004) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904772-05-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904772-05-7">978-1-904772-05-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sadler" title="Simon Sadler">Sadler, Simon</a>. <i>The Situationist City</i>. MIT Press, Cambridge MA, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-69225-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-69225-0">978-0-262-69225-0</a></li> <li>Vachon, Marc. <i>L'arpenteur de la ville: L'utopie situationniste et Patrick Straram</i>. Les Éditions Triptyque, Montreal, 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-89031-476-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-89031-476-4">978-2-89031-476-4</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKenzie_Wark" title="McKenzie Wark">Wark, McKenzie</a>. <i>50 Years of Recuperation of the Situationist International</i> (Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 2008) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56898-789-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56898-789-7">978-1-56898-789-7</a></li> <li>Wark, McKenzie. <i>The Beach Beneath the Street: The Everyday Life and Glorious Times of the Situationist International</i> (Verso, New York, 2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-720-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-720-7">978-1-84467-720-7</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150930091721/http://news.infoshop.org/anarchist-news/rise-and-fall-green-mountain-anarchist-collective"><i>The Rise and Fall of The Green Mountain Anarchist Collective</i></a>, 2015.</li> <li><i>The Situationist international (1957–1972) In girum imus nocte et consumimur igni</i>. JRP Ringier, Zurich, 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-905770-14-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-905770-14-8">978-3-905770-14-8</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationist_International&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Situationist_International" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Situationist International">Situationist International</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Situationist_International" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Situationist International">Situationist International</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline">Situationist International Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.nothingness.org/articles/SI/all/">The Situationist International Text Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://0xdb.org/list==rlx:Situationist%20Film">Situationist Cinema at 0xDB</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libcom.org/library/internationale-situationiste">Translations of all twelve issues of Internationale Situationniste</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/67/merjian.php">"REVOLUTIONARY ABSENCE" by Ara H. 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of art movements</a>/<a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">periods</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Premodern<br />(Western)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_art" title="Ancient art">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_treasure" title="Thracian treasure">Thracian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_art" title="Dacian art">Dacian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization#Culture" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_art" title="Aegean art">Aegean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_art" title="Cycladic art">Cycladic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_art" title="Minoan art">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyan_ware" title="Minyan ware">Minyan ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece#Art_and_pottery" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Mycenaean_pottery" title="Sub-Mycenaean pottery">Sub-Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protogeometric_style" title="Protogeometric style">Protogeometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_art" title="Geometric art">Geometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalizing_period" title="Orientalizing period">Orientalizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic Greek art">Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">Black-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">Red-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severe_style" title="Severe style">Severe style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art#Classical" title="Ancient Greek art">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_style" title="Kerch style">Kerch style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art" title="Hellenistic art">Hellenistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art#"Baroque"" title="Hellenistic art">"Baroque"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_art" title="Indo-Greek art">Indo-Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Attic" title="Neo-Attic">Neo-Attic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_art" title="Etruscan art">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian art">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_sculpture" title="Iberian sculpture">Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauls#Art" title="Gauls">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republican_art" title="Roman Republican art">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman art">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustan_and_Julio-Claudian_art" title="Augustan and Julio-Claudian art">Julio-Claudian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeian_Styles" title="Pompeian Styles">Pompeian Styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajanic_art" title="Trajanic art">Trajanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severan_art" title="Severan art">Severan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Antique_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antique art">Late antique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christian_art_and_architecture" title="Early Christian art and architecture">Early Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_art" title="Coptic art">Coptic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_art" title="Ethiopian art">Ethiopian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period_art" title="Migration Period art">Migration Period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_art" title="Anglo-Saxon art">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnic_art" title="Hunnic art">Hunnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombards#Art" title="Lombards">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_art_and_architecture" title="Visigothic art and architecture">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_portrait" title="Donor portrait">Donor portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picts#Art" title="Picts">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_art_and_architecture" title="Mozarabic art and architecture">Mozarabic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Repoblaci%C3%B3n_art_and_architecture" title="Repoblación art and architecture">Repoblación</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_art" title="Viking art">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_art_(Byzantine)" title="Macedonian art (Byzantine)">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeologan_Renaissance#Art_and_architecture" title="Palaeologan Renaissance">Palaeologan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Byzantine" title="Italo-Byzantine">Italo-Byzantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks#Art_and_architecture" title="Franks">Frankish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_art_and_architecture" title="Merovingian art and architecture">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_art" title="Carolingian art">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Romanesque_art_and_architecture" title="Pre-Romanesque art and architecture">Pre-Romanesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottonian_art" title="Ottonian art">Ottonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mosan_art" title="Mosan art">Mosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Romanesque" title="Spanish Romanesque">Spanish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normans#Visual_arts" title="Normans">Norman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman%E2%80%93Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_culture" title="Norman–Arab–Byzantine culture">Norman-Sicilian</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opus_Anglicanum" title="Opus Anglicanum">Opus Anglicanum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art_in_Milan" title="Gothic art in Milan">Gothic art in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic" title="International Gothic">International Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic_art_in_Italy" title="International Gothic art in Italy">International Gothic art in Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_school" title="Lucchese school">Lucchese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Crusades" title="Art of the Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_school" title="Novgorod school">Novgorod school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sienese_school" title="Sienese school">Sienese school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar_art" title="Mudéjar art">Mudéjar</a></li> <li>Medieval <a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Medieval_Europe" title="History of cartography">cartography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Italian_cartography_and_the_birth_of_portolan_charts" title="History of cartography">Italian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorcan_cartographic_school" title="Majorcan cartographic school">Majorcan school</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mappa_mundi" title="Mappa mundi">Mappa mundi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painting" title="Italian Renaissance painting">Italian Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Renaissance">Proto-Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_painting" title="Florentine painting">Florentine school</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pittura_infamante" title="Pittura infamante">Pittura infamante</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Ferrara" title="School of Ferrara">Ferrarese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forlivese_school_of_art" title="Forlivese school of art">Forlivese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_painting" title="Venetian painting">Venetian school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Renaissance" title="High Renaissance">High Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_school" title="Bolognese school">Bolognese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Maniera" title="Counter-Maniera">Counter-<i>Maniera</i></a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Renaissance" title="Northern Renaissance">Northern Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Netherlandish_painting" title="Early Netherlandish painting">Early Netherlandish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_landscape" title="World landscape">World landscape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghent%E2%80%93Bruges_school" title="Ghent–Bruges school">Ghent–Bruges school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mannerism" title="Northern Mannerism">Northern Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Renaissance" title="German Renaissance">German Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_school_of_painting" title="Cologne school of painting">Cologne school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_school" title="Danube school">Danube school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_and_Flemish_Renaissance_painting" title="Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting">Dutch and Flemish Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp_Mannerism" title="Antwerp Mannerism">Antwerp Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanism_(painting)" title="Romanism (painting)">Romanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_life" title="Still life">Still life</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance#Visual_arts" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artists_of_the_Tudor_court" title="Artists of the Tudor court">Tudor court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_school" title="Cretan school">Cretan school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquerie" title="Turquerie">Turquerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Fontainebleau" title="School of Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_late_16th_century_in_Milan" title="Art of the late 16th century in Milan">Art of the late 16th century in Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_in_Milan" title="Baroque in Milan">Baroque in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Baroque_painting" title="Flemish Baroque painting">Flemish Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravaggisti" title="Caravaggisti">Caravaggisti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Caravaggism" title="Utrecht Caravaggism">in Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrism" title="Tenebrism">Tenebrism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_style" title="Louis XIII style">Louis XIII style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran baroque">Lutheran Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroganov_school" title="Stroganov school">Stroganov school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_painter" title="Animal painter">Animal painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_of_Romanists" title="Guild of Romanists">Guild of Romanists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age_painting" title="Dutch Golden Age painting">Dutch Golden Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delft_school_(painting)" title="Delft school (painting)">Delft school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capriccio_(art)" title="Capriccio (art)">Capriccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_school_(painting)" title="Ionian school (painting)">Heptanese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism#In_the_fine_arts" title="Classicism">Classicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_style" title="Louis XIV style">Louis XIV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poussinists_and_Rubenists" title="Poussinists and Rubenists">Poussinists and Rubenists</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocaille" title="Rocaille">Rocaille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_style" title="Louis XV style">Louis XV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederician_Rococo" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederician Rococo">Frederician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie" title="Chinoiserie">Chinoiserie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_galante" title="Fête galante">Fête galante</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Go%C3%BBt_grec" title="Goût grec">Goût grec</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_style" title="Louis XVI style">Louis XVI style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_style" title="Adam style">Adam style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directoire_style" title="Directoire style">Directoire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture_in_Milan" title="Neoclassical architecture in Milan">Neoclassical architecture in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">Picturesque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Colonial art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Art of the <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">African-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_art" title="Caribbean art">Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art" title="Haitian art">Haitian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Colonial Asian art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letras_y_figuras" title="Letras y figuras">Letras y figuras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipos_del_Pa%C3%ADs" title="Tipos del País">Tipos del País</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Asia" title="Baroque">Colonial Asian Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_style" title="Company style">Company style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art" title="Latin American art">Latin American art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casta_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Casta painting">Casta painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indochristian_art" title="Indochristian art">Indochristian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_school_of_religious_imagery" title="Chilote school of religious imagery">Chilote school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuzco_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuzco school">Cuzco school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito_school" title="Quito school">Quito school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Americas" title="Baroque">Latin American Baroque</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Art borrowing<br />Western elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus#Art_and_architecture" title="Al-Andalus">Moorish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_art" title="Manichaean art">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal art">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_art" title="Qajar art">Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_handicrafts" title="Qing handicrafts">Qing handicrafts</a></li> <li>Western influence in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akita_ranga" title="Akita ranga">Akita ranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uki-e" title="Uki-e">Uki-e</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_art#Western_art_after_1770" title="History of art">Transition<br />to modern</a><br />(c. 1770 – 1862)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Visual_arts" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_painting" title="Fairy painting">Fairy painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Danish Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubadour_style" title="Troubadour style">Troubadour style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_movement" title="Nazarene movement">Nazarene movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purismo" title="Purismo">Purismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancients_(art_group)" title="Ancients (art group)">Shoreham Ancients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_school_of_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf school of painting">Düsseldorf school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(American_art_style)" title="Luminism (American art style)">American luminism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalism#Orientalist_art" title="Orientalism">Orientalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_school_of_painters" title="Norwich school of painters">Norwich school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_style" title="Empire style">Empire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biedermeier" title="Biedermeier">Biedermeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(art_movement)" title="Realism (art movement)">Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbizon school">Barbizon school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verismo_(painting)" title="Verismo (painting)">Verismo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macchiaioli" title="Macchiaioli">Macchiaioli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_art" title="Academic art">Academic art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_school" title="Munich school">Munich school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_academic_art_of_the_19th_century" title="Greek academic art of the 19th century">in Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Grec#Painting" title="Neo-Grec">Neo-Grec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etching_revival" title="Etching revival">Etching revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern</a><br />(1863–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1863–1899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism#Arts" title="Romantic nationalism">National romanticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dga" title="Yōga">Yōga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihonga" title="Nihonga">Nihonga</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japonisme" title="Japonisme">Japonisme</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_style" title="Anglo-Japanese style">Anglo-Japanese style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuron_school" title="Beuron school">Beuron school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague school">Hague school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredvizhniki" title="Peredvizhniki">Peredvizhniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Impressionism" title="American Impressionism">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoosier_Group" title="Hoosier Group">Hoosier Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_school_(painting)" title="Boston school (painting)">Boston school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Impressionism" title="Amsterdam Impressionism">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Impressionism" title="Canadian Impressionism">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidelberg school">Heidelberg school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aestheticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_pottery" title="Art pottery">Art pottery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">Decadent movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symbolist_movement_in_Romania" title="Symbolist movement in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_symbolism#Visual_arts" title="Russian symbolism">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_school" title="Volcano school">Volcano school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(Impressionism)" title="Luminism (Impressionism)">Luminism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointillism" title="Pointillism">Pointillism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Aven_School" title="Pont-Aven School">Pont-Aven School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloisonnism" title="Cloisonnism">Cloisonnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetism" title="Synthetism">Synthetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Nabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Nabis">Les Nabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="American Barbizon school">American Barbizon school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_tonalism" class="mw-redirect" title="California tonalism">California tonalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo#Visual_costumbrismo_in_the_Americas" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1900–1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_in_Milan" title="Art Nouveau in Milan">Art Nouveau in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Impressionism" title="California Impressionism">California Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_(art)" title="Secession (art)">Secessionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Secession" title="Munich Secession">Munich Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Vienna Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Secession" title="Berlin Secession">Berlin Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonderbund_westdeutscher_Kunstfreunde_und_K%C3%BCnstler" title="Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler">Sonderbund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Impressionism" title="Pennsylvania Impressionism">Pennsylvania Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_iskusstva" title="Mir iskusstva">Mir iskusstva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_American_Painters" title="Ten American Painters">Ten American Painters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noucentisme" title="Noucentisme">Noucentisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Realism" class="mw-redirect" title="American Realism">American Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashcan school">Ashcan school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Eight_(painters)" title="The Eight (painters)">A Nyolcak</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_K%C3%BCnstlervereinigung_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Neue Künstlervereinigung München">Neue Künstlervereinigung München</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysical_painting" title="Metaphysical painting">Metaphysical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivism_(art)" title="Productivism (art)">Productivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1915–1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sosaku-hanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosaku-hanga">Sosaku-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Cubism" title="Crystal Cubism">Crystal Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Constructivist_movement" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Constructivism" title="Universal Constructivism">Universal Constructivism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin-hanga" title="Shin-hanga">Shin-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_to_order" title="Return to order">Return to order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novecento_Italiano" title="Novecento Italiano">Novecento Italiano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurative_Constructivism" title="Figurative Constructivism">Figurative Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stupid_(art_movement)" title="Stupid (art movement)">Stupid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Progressives" title="Cologne Progressives">Cologne Progressives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbeitsrat_f%C3%BCr_Kunst" title="Arbeitsrat für Kunst">Arbeitsrat für Kunst</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_Group_(German)" title="November Group (German)">November Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_tonalism" title="Australian tonalism">Australian tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Secession" title="Dresden Secession">Dresden Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_Antrop%C3%B3fago" title="Manifesto Antropófago">Anthropophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingei" title="Mingei">Mingei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven_(artists)" title="Group of Seven (artists)">Group of Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Surrealism_in_Iran" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Surrealism" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_muralism" title="Mexican muralism">Mexican muralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Fauvism" title="Neo-Fauvism">Neo-Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precisionism" title="Precisionism">Precisionism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeropittura" title="Aeropittura">Aeropittura</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Revolutionary_Visual_Artists" title="Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists">Asso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuola_Romana" title="Scuola Romana">Scuola Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercle_et_Carr%C3%A9" title="Cercle et Carré">Cercle et Carré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapists" title="Kapists">Kapists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(art)" title="Regionalism (art)">Regionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Scene_Painting" title="California Scene Painting">California Scene Painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Nazi art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_art" title="Concrete art">Concrete art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstraction-Cr%C3%A9ation" title="Abstraction-Création">Abstraction-Création</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_(Expressionists)" title="The Ten (Expressionists)">The Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art#Dimensionist_manifesto" title="Fourth dimension in art">Dimensionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Expressionism" title="Boston Expressionism">Boston Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_School_of_Painting" title="Leningrad School of Painting">Leningrad school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">Postmodern</a><br />(1945–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1945–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Typographic_Style" title="International Typographic Style">International Typographic Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Color_School" title="Washington Color School">Washington Color School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visionary_art" title="Visionary art">Visionary art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_School_of_Fantastic_Realism" title="Vienna School of Fantastic Realism">Vienna School of Fantastic Realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatialism" title="Spatialism">Spatialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_field" title="Color field">Color field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical abstraction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tachisme" title="Tachisme">Tachisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Informale" title="Arte Informale">Arte Informale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBRA_(art_movement)" title="COBRA (art movement)">COBRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuagisme" title="Nuagisme">Nuagisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Ruptura" title="Generación de la Ruptura">Generación de la Ruptura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jikken_K%C5%8Db%C5%8D" title="Jikken Kōbō">Jikken Kōbō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metcalf_Chateau" title="Metcalf Chateau">Metcalf Chateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono-ha" title="Mono-ha">Mono-ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Style" title="Nanyang Style">Nanyang Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_painting" title="Action painting">Action painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Figurative_Expressionism" title="American Figurative Expressionism">American Figurative Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Figurative_Expressionism" title="New York Figurative Expressionism">in New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_School_(art)#Visual_arts" title="New York School (art)">New York school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard-edge_painting" title="Hard-edge painting">Hard-edge painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Figurative_Movement" title="Bay Area Figurative Movement">Bay Area Figurative Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Plasticiens" title="Les Plasticiens">Les Plasticiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutai_Art_Association" title="Gutai Art Association">Gutai Art Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai_Bijutsu_Kondankai" title="Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai">Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Soviet Nonconformist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_underground" title="Ukrainian underground">Ukrainian underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letterist_International" title="Letterist International">Letterist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-Lettrist" title="Ultra-Lettrist">Ultra-Lettrist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Highwaymen" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Highwaymen">Florida Highwaymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetic_art" title="Cybernetic art">Cybernetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodeans" title="Antipodeans">Antipodeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1960–1969</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otra_Figuraci%C3%B3n" title="Otra Figuración">Otra Figuración</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Presencia" title="Nueva Presencia">Nueva Presencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_(art)" title="Zero (art)">ZERO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada" title="Neo-Dada">Neo-Dada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada_Organizers" title="Neo-Dada Organizers">Neo-Dada Organizers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op_art" title="Op art">Op art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_tendance" title="Nouvelle tendance">Nouvelle tendance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_realism" title="Capitalist realism">Capitalist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Povera" title="Arte Povera">Arte Povera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arts_Movement" title="Black Arts Movement">Black Arts Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caribbean_Artists_Movement" title="The Caribbean Artists Movement">The Caribbean Artists Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_art_movement" title="Chicano art movement">Chicano art movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">Land art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_art" title="Systems art">Systems art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_art" title="Video art">Video art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_art" title="Generative art">Generative art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-painterly_abstraction" title="Post-painterly abstraction">Post-painterly abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermedia" title="Intermedia">Intermedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_art" title="Psychedelic art">Psychedelic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_Art" title="Nut Art">Nut Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photorealism" title="Photorealism">Photorealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_art" title="Environmental art">Environmental art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_art" title="Process art">Process art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_critique" class="mw-redirect" title="Institutional critique">Institutional critique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_and_Space" title="Light and Space">Light and Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">Street art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Feminist art movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Feminist art movement in the United States">in the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Saqqakhaneh_movement" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Saqqakhaneh movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stars_Art_Group" title="The Stars Art Group">The Stars Art Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoru_no_Kai" title="Yoru no Kai">Yoru no Kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_art" title="Artificial intelligence art">Artificial intelligence art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1970–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-conceptual_art" title="Post-conceptual art">Post-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artscene" class="mw-redirect" title="Artscene">Artscene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_art" title="Endurance art">Endurance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sots_Art" title="Sots Art">Sots Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conceptualists" title="Moscow Conceptualists">Moscow Conceptualists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_and_Decoration" title="Pattern and Decoration">Pattern and Decoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliontanism" title="Pliontanism">Pliontanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_visual_art" title="Punk visual art">Punk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-expressionism" title="Neo-expressionism">Neo-expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transavantgarde" title="Transavantgarde">Transavantgarde</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art#Saint_Soleil_School" title="Haitian art">Saint Soleil school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_art" title="Guerrilla art">Guerrilla art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowbrow_(art_movement)" title="Lowbrow (art movement)">Lowbrow art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telematic_art" title="Telematic art">Telematic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-conceptual_art" title="Neo-conceptual art">Neo-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_European_Painting" title="New European Painting">New European Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_collaborative_painting" title="Tunisian collaborative painting">Tunisian collaborative painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Group" title="Memphis Group">Memphis Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberdelic" title="Cyberdelic">Cyberdelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Slowenische_Kunst" title="Neue Slowenische Kunst">Neue Slowenische Kunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch_video" title="Scratch video">Scratch video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrofuturism" title="Retrofuturism">Retrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_British_Artists" title="Young British Artists">Young British Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfiction" title="Superfiction">Superfiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taring_Padi" title="Taring Padi">Taring Padi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Leipzig_School" title="New Leipzig School">New Leipzig school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artivism" title="Artivism">Artivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Designers_Republic" title="The Designers Republic">The Designers Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge#Graphic_design" title="Grunge">Grunge design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdadism" title="Verdadism">Verdadism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">2000–<br />present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_pop_art" title="Amazonian pop art">Amazonian pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altermodern" title="Altermodern">Altermodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_for_art" title="Art for art">Art for art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_game" title="Art game">Art game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_intervention" title="Art intervention">Art intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandalism" title="Brandalism">Brandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Realism" title="Classical Realism">Classical Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_African_art" title="Contemporary African art">Contemporary African art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Contemporary Indigenous Australian art">Contemporary Indigenous Australian art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-fungible_token#Digital_art" title="Non-fungible token">Crypto art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_art" title="Cyborg art">Cyborg art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excessivism" title="Excessivism">Excessivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictive_art" title="Fictive art">Fictive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_design" title="Flat design">Flat design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_Memphis" title="Corporate Memphis">Corporate Memphis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(art)" title="Hypermodernism (art)">Hypermodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperrealism_(visual_arts)" title="Hyperrealism (visual arts)">Hyperrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idea_art" title="Idea art">Idea art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_art" title="Internet art">Internet art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Internet" title="Post-Internet">Post-Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_art" title="IPhone art">iPhone art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch_movement" title="Kitsch movement">Kitsch movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightpainting" title="Lightpainting">Lightpainting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massurrealism" title="Massurrealism">Massurrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_European_ink_painting" title="Modern European ink painting">Modern European ink painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern#Artist_group" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosymbolism" title="Neosymbolism">Neosymbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passionism" title="Passionism">Passionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-YBAs" title="Post-YBAs">Post-YBAs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_art" title="Relational art">Relational art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeuomorph#In_design" title="Skeuomorph">Skeuomorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_art" title="Software art">Software art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_art" title="Sound art">Sound art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuckism" title="Stuckism">Stuckism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SoFlo_Superflat" title="SoFlo Superflat">SoFlo Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstroke" title="Superstroke">Superstroke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyism" title="Toyism">Toyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilalianism" title="Unilalianism">Unilalianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_Artists_Network" title="Walking Artists Network">Walking Artists Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">Abstract art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">Anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Christian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Catholic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Lutheran art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Fantastic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">Folk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_genres" title="Hierarchy of genres">Hierarchy of genres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genre_painting" title="Genre painting">Genre painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_painting" title="History painting">History painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_art" title="Jewish art">Jewish art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">Kitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_painting" title="Landscape painting">Landscape painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_sculpture" title="Modern sculpture">Modern sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFve_art" title="Naïve art">Naïve art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_art" title="Outsider art">Outsider art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art#Europe" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric European art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_art" title="Queer art">Queer art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_art" title="Shock art">Shock art</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">Trompe-l'œil</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_painting" title="Western painting">Western painting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Art_movements" title="Category:Art movements">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Avant-garde_movements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Avant-garde" title="Template:Avant-garde"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Avant-garde" title="Template talk:Avant-garde"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Avant-garde" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Avant-garde"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Avant-garde_movements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a> movements</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visual art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Grosvenor School">Grosvenor School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dev%C4%9Btsil" title="Devětsil">Devětsil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Color Field">Color Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical Abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_art" title="Mail art">Mail art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_iskusstva" title="Mir iskusstva">Mir iskusstva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multidimensional_art" title="Multidimensional art">Multidimensional art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Slowenische_Kunst" title="Neue Slowenische Kunst">Neue Slowenische Kunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Nonconformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_art" title="Process art">Process art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporary art">Temporary art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature<br />and poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acmeist_poetry" title="Acmeist poetry">Acmeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angry_Penguins" title="Angry Penguins">Angry Penguins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_writing" title="Conceptual writing">Conceptual poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ego-Futurism" title="Ego-Futurism">Ego-Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_literature" title="Experimental literature">Experimental literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flarf_poetry" title="Flarf poetry">Flarf poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungry_generation" title="Hungry generation">Hungry generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaginism" title="Imaginism">Imaginism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagism" title="Imagism">Imagism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_poets" title="Language poets">Language poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoavanguardia" title="Neoavanguardia">Neoavanguardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoteric" title="Neoteric">Neoteric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_roman" title="Nouveau roman">Nouveau roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberiu" title="Oberiu">Oberiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oulipo" title="Oulipo">Oulipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slam_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Slam poetry">Slam poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraist_movement" title="Ultraist movement">Ultraísmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_poetry" title="Visual poetry">Visual poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaum" title="Zaum">Zaum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_music" title="Avant-garde music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-funk" title="Avant-funk">Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_jazz" title="Avant-garde jazz">Jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_funk" title="Free funk">Free funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yass_(music)" title="Yass (music)">Yass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-pop" title="Avant-pop">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-prog" title="Avant-prog">Prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-punk" title="Avant-punk">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_metal" title="Avant-garde metal">Metal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleatoric_music" title="Aleatoric music">Aleatoric music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars_nova" title="Ars nova">Ars nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars_subtilior" title="Ars subtilior">Ars subtilior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atonality" title="Atonality">Atonal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroacoustic_music" title="Electroacoustic music">Electroacoustic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_jazz" title="Free jazz">Free jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_improvisation" title="Free improvisation">Free improvisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(music)" title="Futurism (music)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtonal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtonal music">Microtonal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_music" title="Minimal music">Minimal music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drone_music" title="Drone music">Drone music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_theatre" title="Music theatre">Music theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">Musique concrète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Complexity" title="New Complexity">New Complexity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_wave" title="No wave">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition">Rock in Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serialism" title="Serialism">Serialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_music" title="Spectral music">Spectral music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stochastic#Music" title="Stochastic">Stochastic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_mass" title="Sound mass">Textural music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalism" title="Totalism">Totalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">Twelve-tone technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cinema<br />and theatre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_Art" title="Drop Art">Drop Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_theatre" title="Epic theatre">Epic theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_theatre" title="Experimental theatre">Experimental theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postdramatic_theatre" title="Postdramatic theatre">Postdramatic theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_Absurd" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of the Absurd">Theatre of the Absurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Cruelty" title="Theatre of Cruelty">Theatre of Cruelty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Futurism" title="Russian Futurism">Russian Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism" title="Minimalism">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-minimalism" title="Neo-minimalism">Neo-minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada" title="Neo-Dada">Neo-Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoism" title="Neoism">Neoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_symbolism" title="Russian symbolism">Russian symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_internationals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_internationals" title="Template:Political internationals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_internationals" title="Template talk:Political internationals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_internationals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political internationals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_internationals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Political_international" title="Political international">Political internationals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centrist_Democrat_International" title="Centrist Democrat International">Centrist Democrat International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Democracy_Union" title="International Democracy Union">International Democracy Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Left_communist" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Communist_Current" title="International Communist Current">International Communist Current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Communist_Party" title="International Communist Party">International Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Movement" title="World Socialist Movement">World Socialist Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxist–Leninist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coordination_Committee_of_Maoist_Parties_and_Organisations_of_South_Asia" title="Coordination Committee of Maoist Parties and Organisations of South Asia">Coordination Committee of Maoist Parties and Organisations of South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Communist_Action" title="European Communist Action">European Communist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Communist_League_(Maoist)" title="International Communist League (Maoist)">International Communist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Parties_and_Organizations_(Unity_%26_Struggle)" title="International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle)">International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Coordination_of_Revolutionary_Parties_and_Organizations" title="International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations">International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Meeting_of_Communist_and_Workers%27_Parties" title="International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties">International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trotskyist_internationals" title="List of Trotskyist internationals">Trotskyist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Committee_for_the_Refoundation_of_the_Fourth_International" title="Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International">CRFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_International_(post-reunification)" title="Fourth International (post-reunification)">FI (USFI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Fourth_International" title="International Committee of the Fourth International">ICFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Communist_League_(Fourth_Internationalist)" title="International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist)">ICL-FI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalist_Communist_Union" title="Internationalist Communist Union">ICU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Alternative" title="International Socialist Alternative">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Tendency" title="International Socialist Tendency">IST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers_League_%E2%80%93_Fourth_International" title="International Workers League – Fourth International">IWL-FI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_for_the_Fourth_International" title="League for the Fourth International">LFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_for_the_Fifth_International" title="League for the Fifth International">L5I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_International" title="Revolutionary Communist International">RCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyist_Fraction_%E2%80%93_Fourth_International" title="Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International">TF-FI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_International_to_Rebuild_the_Fourth_International" title="Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International">WIRFI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atheist_Alliance_International" title="Atheist Alliance International">Atheist Alliance International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COPPPAL" title="COPPPAL">COPPPAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_League_of_Peoples%27_Struggle" title="International League of Peoples' Struggle">International League of Peoples' Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Peoples%27_Assembly" title="International Peoples' Assembly">International Peoples' Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWA%E2%80%93AIT" title="IWA–AIT">International Workers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_International" title="Progressive International">Progressive International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Forum" title="São Paulo Forum">São Paulo Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unrepresented_Nations_and_Peoples_Organization" title="Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization">Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Anti-Imperialist_Platform" title="World Anti-Imperialist Platform">World Anti-Imperialist Platform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Greens" title="Global Greens">Global Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanist_International" title="Humanist International">Humanist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanists_International" title="Humanists International">Humanists International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Libertarian_Parties" title="International Alliance of Libertarian Parties">International Alliance of Libertarian Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monarchist_League" title="International Monarchist League">International Monarchist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Parties_International" title="Pirate Parties International">Pirate Parties International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Ecological_Parties" title="World Ecological Parties">World Ecological Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-African_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party" title="All-African People's Revolutionary Party">All-African People's Revolutionary Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Democrats_(political_international)" title="Alliance of Democrats (political international)">Alliance of Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_St._Imier_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist St. Imier International">Anarchist St. Imier International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Working_People%27s_Association" title="International Working People's Association">Black International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Correspondence_Committee" title="Communist Correspondence Committee">Communist Correspondence Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_League" title="Communist League">Communist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Workers%27_International" title="Communist Workers' International">Communist Workers' International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_a_Workers%27_International_(1974)" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee for a Workers' International (1974)">Committee for a Workers' International (1974)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E2D_International" title="E2D International">E2D International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Montreux_Fascist_conference" title="1934 Montreux Fascist conference">Fascist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association" title="International Workingmen's Association">First International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_International" title="Fourth International">Fourth International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Socialist_Democracy" title="International Alliance of Socialist Democracy">International Alliance of Socialist Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Working_People%27s_Association" title="International Working People's Association">International Working People's Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_International" title="Second International">Second International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_International" title="Communist International">Third International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Agrarian_Bureau" title="International Agrarian Bureau">International Agrarian Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Communist_Seminar" title="International Communist Seminar">International Communist Seminar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Parties_and_Organizations_(International_Newsletter)" title="International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter)">ICMPLO (Maoist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Entente_of_Radical_and_Similar_Democratic_Parties" title="International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties">International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Revolutionary_Marxist_Centre" title="International Revolutionary Marxist Centre">International Revolutionary Marxist Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krestintern" title="Krestintern">Krestintern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Socialist_International" title="Labour and Socialist International">Labour and Socialist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Internationalist_Movement" title="Revolutionary Internationalist Movement">Revolutionary Internationalist Movement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Working_Union_of_Socialist_Parties" title="International Working Union of Socialist Parties">Vienna International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="West Indies Democratic Labour Party">West Indies Democratic Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federal_Labour_Party" title="West Indies Federal Labour Party">West Indies Federal Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Europe" title="Young Europe">Young Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">Pan-European political parties</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anarchism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anarchism" title="Template:Anarchism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anarchism" title="Template talk:Anarchism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anarchism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anarchism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anarchism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_theory" title="Category:Anarchist theory">Concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Black_Cross" title="Anarchist Black Cross">Anarchist Black Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_criminology" title="Anarchist criminology">Anarchist criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Anti-militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_social_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous social center">Autonomous social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">Black bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">Classless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">Consensus decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethought" title="Freethought">Freethought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontalidad" title="Horizontalidad">Horizontalidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_law" title="Anarchist law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Participatory politics">Participatory politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_autonomous_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent autonomous zone">Permanent autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">Prefigurative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (anarchism)">Rewilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">Sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_culture" title="Security culture">Security culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocracy" title="Sociocracy">Sociocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Somatherapy">Somatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Autonomous_Zone" title="Temporary Autonomous Zone">Temporary autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Issues_in_anarchism" title="Category:Issues in anarchism">Issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_capitalism" title="Anarchism and capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_education" title="Anarchism and education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Love and sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism" title="Anarchism and nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_violence" title="Anarchism and violence">Violence</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_schools_of_thought" title="Category:Anarchist schools of thought">Schools of thought</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical anarchism">Classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egoist_anarchism" title="Egoist anarchism">Egoist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Naturist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-classical anarchism">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Primitivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence anarchism">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Pacifist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Religious_anarchism_and_anarchist_themes_in_religions" title="Anarchism and religion">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Buddhism" title="Anarchism and religion">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_without_adjectives" title="Anarchism without adjectives">Without adjectives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_anarchism" title="Contemporary anarchism">Contemporary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_anarchism" title="Postcolonial anarchism">Postcolonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-anarchism">Post-anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-left_anarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-left anarchy">Post-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of federation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">Synthesis anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_economics" title="Category:Anarchist economics">Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_the_limit_of_price" title="Cost the limit of price">Cost the limit of price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give-away_shop" title="Give-away shop">Give-away shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_bank" title="Mutual bank">Mutual bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_credit" title="Mutual credit">Mutual credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_culture" title="Category:Anarchist culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_las_Barricadas" title="A las Barricadas">A las Barricadas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_bookfair" title="Anarchist bookfair">Anarchist bookfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_the_arts" title="Anarchism and the arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escuela_Moderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuela Moderna">Escuela Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoshop" title="Infoshop">Infoshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Media_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Media Center">Independent Media Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle anarchism">Lifestylism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_gods,_no_masters" class="mw-redirect" title="No gods, no masters">No gods, no masters</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_education" title="Popular education">Popular education</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_cheerleading" title="Radical cheerleading">Radical cheerleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_environmentalism" title="Radical environmentalism">Radical environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_center" title="Self-managed social center">Self-managed social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism" title="Anarchist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Anarchism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Regional_Federation_of_the_IWA" title="Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA">Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Congress_(1872)" title="Hague Congress (1872)">Hague Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_rebellion" title="Cantonal rebellion">Cantonal rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Thirty" title="Trial of the Thirty">Trial of the Thirty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrer_movement" title="Ferrer movement">Ferrer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandza_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Strandza Commune">Strandza Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">Congress of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Week_(Spain)" title="Tragic Week (Spain)">Tragic Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Treason_Incident" title="High Treason Incident">High Treason Incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Sixteen" title="Manifesto of the Sixteen">Manifesto of the Sixteen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution of 1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_United_States_anarchist_bombings" title="1919 United States anarchist bombings">1919 United States bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennio_Rosso" title="Biennio Rosso">Biennio Rosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">Kronstadt rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amakasu_Incident" title="Amakasu Incident">Amakasu Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_May_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona May Days">Barcelona May Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_inverted_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Red inverted triangle">Red inverted triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labadie_Collection" title="Labadie Collection">Labadie Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIP_(company)" title="LIP (company)">LIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Sharpley_Library" title="Kate Sharpley Library">Kate Sharpley Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Anarchist_Centenary_Celebrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Anarchist Centenary Celebrations">Australian Anarchist Centenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Against_Capital" title="Carnival Against Capital">Carnival Against Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_Really_Free_Market" title="Really Really Free Market">Really Really Free Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchists" title="Category:Anarchists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Armand" title="Émile Armand">Armand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Jin" title="Ba Jin">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bonanno" title="Alfredo Bonanno">Bonanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Bourdin" title="Martial Bourdin">Bourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fauset_MacDonald" title="Thomas Fauset MacDonald">Fauset MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Feyerabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severino_Di_Giovanni" title="Severino Di Giovanni">Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Prada" title="Manuel González Prada">González Prada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guillaume" title="James Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Zhen_(anarchist)" title="He Zhen (anarchist)">He-Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanno_Sugako" title="Kanno Sugako">Kanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku_Sh%C5%ABsui" title="Kōtoku Shūsui">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shifu" title="Liu Shifu">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Magón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Maksimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Mett" title="Ida Mett">Mett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi i Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Pouget" title="Émile Pouget">Pouget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiratsuka_Raich%C5%8D" title="Hiratsuka Raichō">Raichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Reclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Diego Abad de Santillán">Santillán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efim_Yarchuk" title="Efim Yarchuk">Yarchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarcho-punk_bands" title="List of anarcho-punk bands">Anarcho-punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_anarchism" title="List of books about anarchism">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_anarchists" title="List of fictional anarchists">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_anarchists" title="List of Jewish anarchists">Jewish anarchists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_musicians" title="List of anarchist musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_periodicals" title="List of anarchist periodicals">Periodicals</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism_by_region" title="Category:Anarchism by region">By region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Africa" title="Anarchism in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Albania" title="Anarchism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Algeria" title="Anarchism in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Andorra" title="Anarchism in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Argentina" title="Anarchism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Armenia" title="Anarchism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Austria" title="Anarchism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anarchism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bangladesh" title="Anarchism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belarus" title="Anarchism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belgium" title="Anarchism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bolivia" title="Anarchism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Brazil" title="Anarchism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bulgaria" title="Anarchism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Canada" title="Anarchism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Chile" title="Anarchism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Colombia" title="Anarchism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Anarchism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Croatia" title="Anarchism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cuba" title="Anarchism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cyprus" title="Anarchism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Denmark" title="Anarchism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_East_Timor" title="Anarchism in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ecuador" title="Anarchism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_El_Salvador" title="Anarchism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Estonia" title="Anarchism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Finland" title="Anarchism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_France" title="Anarchism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_French_Guiana" title="Anarchism in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Georgia" title="Anarchism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Greece" title="Anarchism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Guatemala" title="Anarchism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Anarchism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hungary" title="Anarchism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iceland" title="Anarchism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_India" title="Anarchism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Indonesia" title="Anarchism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iran" title="Anarchism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ireland" title="Anarchism in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Israel" title="Anarchism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Italy" title="Anarchism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Japan" title="Anarchism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Korea" title="Anarchism in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Latvia" title="Anarchism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mexico" title="Anarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Monaco" title="Anarchism in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mongolia" title="Anarchism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Morocco" title="Anarchism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Anarchism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nicaragua" title="Anarchism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a 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communism">Left communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Friedrich_Nietzsche_and_Max_Stirner" title="Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner">Relationship between Friedrich<br />Nietzsche and Max Stirner</a></li> <li>Situationist International</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" 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class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850181#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850181#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850181#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123421383">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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