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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Physical and human geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_and_human_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography_and_rural_landscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography_and_rural_landscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demography and rural landscape</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography_and_rural_landscape-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography and rural landscape subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography_and_rural_landscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Population development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lordship_of_Álava" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lordship_of_Álava"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Lordship of Álava</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lordship_of_Álava-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecclesiastical_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecclesiastical_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ecclesiastical history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecclesiastical_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bishopric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bishopric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Bishopric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bishopric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titular_see" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titular_see"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Titular see</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titular_see-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Spanish Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Álava</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A9_(%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B9%D8%A9)" title="ألبة (مقاطعة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألبة (مقاطعة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaba" title="Alaba – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alaba" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alava_vilay%C9%99ti" title="Alava vilayəti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alava vilayəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="آلابا اوستانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلابا اوستانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Алава (Іспанія) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алава (Іспанія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Алава – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алава" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araba" title="Araba – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Araba" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80laba" title="Àlaba – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àlaba" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araba_/_%C3%81lava" title="Araba / Álava – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Araba / Álava" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araba" title="Araba – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Araba" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava_eanangoddi" title="Álava eanangoddi – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Álava eanangoddi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araba_provints" title="Araba provints – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Araba provints" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B1" title="Άλαβα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλαβα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinco_Alavo" title="Provinco Alavo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Provinco Alavo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araba" title="Araba – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Araba" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="استان آلابا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استان آلابا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alava" title="Alava – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alava" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava_(provincia)" title="Álava (provincia) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Álava (provincia)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81raba" title="Áraba – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Áraba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9D%BC%EB%B0%94%EB%8F%84" title="아라바도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아라바도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1" title="Ալավա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալավա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="अलवा प्रान्त – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अलवा प्रान्त" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%C3%A6" title="Алавæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Алавæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ალავა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალავა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Алава – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алава" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alava_(vilayet)" title="Alava (vilayet) – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Alava (vilayet)" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alava" title="Alava – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alava" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alavas_province" title="Alavas province – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alavas province" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alavos_provincija" title="Alavos provincija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alavos provincija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araba" title="Araba – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Araba" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araba" title="Araba – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Araba" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Алава – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алава" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ალავა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალავა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%90%E7%9C%8C" title="アラバ県 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラバ県" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araba_(Prowins)" title="Araba (Prowins) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Araba (Prowins)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaba" title="Alaba – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alaba" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava_(provinsiya)" title="Álava (provinsiya) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Álava (provinsiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_%C3%81lava" title="Provincia Álava – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Provincia Álava" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Алава – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алава" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinca_%C3%81lava" title="Provinca Álava – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Provinca Álava" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Покрајина Алава – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Покрајина Алава" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" title="จังหวัดอาลาบา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จังหวัดอาลาบา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Алава – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алава" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="آلابا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آلابا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araba" title="Araba – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Araba" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Álava" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E7%9C%81" title="阿拉瓦省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿拉瓦省" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E7%9C%81" title="阿拉瓦省 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿拉瓦省" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%C3%81lava&params=42_50.67_N_2_45.62_W_region:ES_type:adm2nd"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°50.67′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°45.62′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.84450°N 2.76033°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.84450; -2.76033</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province of Spain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the commune in <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Alava,_%C8%98tefan_Vod%C4%83" title="Alava, Ștefan Vodă">Alava, Ștefan Vodă</a>. For other places with similar names, see <a href="/wiki/Araba_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Araba (disambiguation)">Araba</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_Spanish plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava" class="extiw" title="es:Álava">the corresponding article</a> in Spanish</b>.  <i><small>(May 2020)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fes.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%C3%81lava&sl=es&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Spanish article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at [[:es:Álava]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|es|Álava}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:%C3%81lava" title="Talk:Álava">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in Basque Country, Spain</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Álava</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">Araba</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">Arabako Lurralde Historikoa</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>)</span><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_a"><a href="#endnote_a">1</a></sup><br /><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Territorio Histórico de Álava</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_%C3%81lava.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Álava"><img alt="Flag of Álava" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_%C3%81lava.svg/100px-Flag_of_%C3%81lava.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_%C3%81lava.svg/150px-Flag_of_%C3%81lava.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_%C3%81lava.svg/200px-Flag_of_%C3%81lava.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_%C3%81lava.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Álava"><img alt="Coat-of-arms of Álava" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Escudo_de_%C3%81lava.svg/78px-Escudo_de_%C3%81lava.svg.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Escudo_de_%C3%81lava.svg/117px-Escudo_de_%C3%81lava.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Escudo_de_%C3%81lava.svg/155px-Escudo_de_%C3%81lava.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="900" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>En aumento de la justicia contra malhechores</i></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alava_in_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the Province of Álava within Spain"><img alt="Location of the Province of Álava within Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alava_in_Spain.svg/250px-Alava_in_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alava_in_Spain.svg/375px-Alava_in_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alava_in_Spain.svg/500px-Alava_in_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="1016" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of the Province of Álava within Spain</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%C3%81lava&params=42_50.67_N_2_45.62_W_region:ES_type:adm2nd"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°50.67′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°45.62′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.84450°N 2.76033°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.84450; -2.76033</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Spain</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous Community</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Deputy_General_of_%C3%81lava" title="Deputy General of Álava">Deputy General</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ramiro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(politician)" title="Ramiro González (politician)">Ramiro González</a> (<a href="/wiki/Basque_Nationalist_Party" title="Basque Nationalist Party">EAJ/PNV</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_%C3%81lava" title="General Assembly of Álava">Juntas Generales</a></i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,037 km<sup>2</sup> (1,173 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2019)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">331,648</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">110/km<sup>2</sup> (280/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_provinces_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish provinces by population">Ranked</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">41</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Percent<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.68%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>alavés/a (Spanish)</li><li>arabar (Basque)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official languages</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></li><li>Spanish</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4 (of 350)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Senate">Senate seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4 (of 265)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.araba.net/">Diputación Foral de Álava</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"> <dl><dd>1.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_a"><b><a href="#ref_a">^</a></b></span> in English: Historical Territory of Álava</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Álava</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈalaβa]</a></span>) or <b>Araba</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Basque pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="eu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque" title="Help:IPA/Basque">[aˈɾaba]</a></span>), officially <b>Araba/Álava</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">province of Spain</a> and a historical territory of the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a>, heir of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Basque_se%C3%B1or%C3%ADos#Lords_of_Álava" title="Basque señoríos">Lordship of Álava</a>, former medieval Catholic bishopric and now Latin <a href="/wiki/Titular_see" title="Titular see">titular see</a>. </p><p>Its capital city, <a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a>, is also the seat of the political main institutions of the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Autonomous Community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It borders the Basque provinces of <a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">Biscay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gipuzkoa" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a> to the north, the community of <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (Spain)">La Rioja</a> to the south, the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">province of Burgos</a> (in the community of <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a>) to the west and the community of <a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a> to the east. The <a href="/wiki/Trevi%C3%B1o_enclave" title="Treviño enclave">Enclave of Treviño</a>, surrounded by Alavese territory, is however part of the province of Burgos, thus belonging to the autonomous community of Castile and León, not Álava. </p><p>It is the largest of the three provinces in the Basque Autonomous Community in geographical terms, with 3,037 <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" title="Square kilometre">km<sup>2</sup></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also the least populated with 331,700 inhabitants (2019). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lava&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Built around the Roman mansion Alba located on the road <a href="/wiki/Ab_Asturica_Burdigalam" title="Ab Asturica Burdigalam">ab Asturica Burdigalam</a> (possibly the current village of <a href="/wiki/Alb%C3%A9niz,_%C3%81lava" title="Albéniz, Álava">Albéniz</a> near <a href="/wiki/Agurain/Salvatierra" title="Agurain/Salvatierra">Agurain</a>), it has sometimes been argued the name may stem from that landmark. However, according to the <a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaindia" title="Euskaltzaindia">Royal Academy of the Basque Language</a>, the origin may be another: The name is first found on <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> chronicles of the eighth century referring to the Alavese Plains (Spanish <i>Llanada Alavesa</i>, Basque <i>Arabako Lautada</i>), <i>laua</i> in old Basque (currently <i>lautada</i>) with the Arab article added (<a href="/wiki/Al-" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-">al</a> + laua), developing into Spanish <b>Álava</b> and Basque <b>Araba</b> (a typical development of l to r between vowels).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_and_human_geography">Physical and human geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lava&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Physical and human geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soila_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Soila_01.jpg/220px-Soila_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Soila_01.jpg/330px-Soila_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Soila_01.jpg/440px-Soila_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3448" /></a><figcaption>Izki natural park</figcaption></figure> <p>Álava is an inland territory and features a largely transitional climate between the humid, Atlantic neighbouring northern provinces and the dry and warmer lands south of the <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a> River. According to the relief and landscape characteristics, the territory is divided into five main zones: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Gorbea" title="Gorbea">Gorbea</a> Foothills: Green hilly landscape.</li> <li>The Valleys: Low valleys, drier, sparsely populated.</li> <li>The Plains: Heartland of Álava comprising Vitoria and Salvatierra-Agurain, with a central urban area and crop landscape prevailing around and bounded south and north by the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Mountains" title="Basque Mountains">Basque Mountains</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alavese_Mountains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alavese Mountains (page does not exist)">Alavese Mountains</a>: High altitude and forested.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Rioja_Alavesa" title="Rioja Alavesa">Alavese Rioja</a>: Oriented to the south on the left bank of the <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a> River, perfect for vineyards and part of the <a href="/wiki/Rioja_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rioja (wine)">Rioja</a> <a href="/wiki/Denominaci%C3%B3n_de_origen" title="Denominación de origen">denominación de origen</a>.</li> <li>Ayala: The area clustering around the <a href="/wiki/Nervi%C3%B3n" title="Nervión">Nervión</a> River, with <a href="/wiki/Amurrio" title="Amurrio">Amurrio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laudio/Llodio" title="Laudio/Llodio">Laudio</a> as its major towns. The region shows close bonds with <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">Biscaye</a> and an industrial landscape.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legunbe_Arabako_lautada_Aratz_Aizkorri.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Legunbe_Arabako_lautada_Aratz_Aizkorri.JPG/220px-Legunbe_Arabako_lautada_Aratz_Aizkorri.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Legunbe_Arabako_lautada_Aratz_Aizkorri.JPG/330px-Legunbe_Arabako_lautada_Aratz_Aizkorri.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Legunbe_Arabako_lautada_Aratz_Aizkorri.JPG/440px-Legunbe_Arabako_lautada_Aratz_Aizkorri.JPG 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="610" /></a><figcaption> Tip of the Burunda corridor in Navarre, opening on the Alavese Plains, with the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Mountains" title="Basque Mountains">Basque Mountains</a> <a href="/wiki/Aratz" title="Aratz">Aratz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aizkorri" title="Aizkorri">Aizkorri</a> on the right</figcaption></figure> <p>Unlike Biscay and Gipuzkoa, but for Ayala and <a href="/wiki/Aramaio" title="Aramaio">Aramaio</a>, the waters of Álava pour into the <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a> and hence to the Mediterranean by means of two main waterways, i.e. the <a href="/wiki/Zadorra" title="Zadorra">Zadorra</a> (main axis of Álava) and <a href="/wiki/Bayas_(river)" title="Bayas (river)">Bayas</a> Rivers. In addition, the Zadorra Reservoir System harvests a big quantity of waters that supply not only the capital city but other major Basque towns and cities too, like Bilbao. </p><p>While in 1950 agriculture and farming shaped the landscape of the territory (42.4% of the working force vs 30.5% in industry and construction), the trend shifted gradually during the 60s and 70s on the grounds of a growing industrial activity in the Alavese Plains (<i>Llanada Alavesa</i>), with the main focus lying on the industrial estates of Vitoria-Gasteiz (Gamarra, Betoño and Ali Gobeo) and, to a lesser extent, <a href="/wiki/Agurain/Salvatierra" title="Agurain/Salvatierra">Salvatierra-Agurain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asparrena" title="Asparrena">Araia</a>. At the turn of the century, only 2% of the working Alavese people was in agriculture, while 60% was in the tertiary sector and 32% in manufacturing.<sup id="cite_ref-alava_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alava-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Industry associated with iron and metal developed earlier in the Atlantic area much in tune with Bilbao's economic dynamics, with droves of people flocking to and clustering in <a href="/wiki/Amurrio" title="Amurrio">Amurrio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laudio" class="mw-redirect" title="Laudio">Laudio</a>, which have since become the third and second main towns of Álava. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography_and_rural_landscape">Demography and rural landscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lava&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Demography and rural landscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elgea_-_Embalse_de_Ull%C3%ADbarri-Gamboa_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Elgea_-_Embalse_de_Ull%C3%ADbarri-Gamboa_01.jpg/220px-Elgea_-_Embalse_de_Ull%C3%ADbarri-Gamboa_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Elgea_-_Embalse_de_Ull%C3%ADbarri-Gamboa_01.jpg/330px-Elgea_-_Embalse_de_Ull%C3%ADbarri-Gamboa_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Elgea_-_Embalse_de_Ull%C3%ADbarri-Gamboa_01.jpg/440px-Elgea_-_Embalse_de_Ull%C3%ADbarri-Gamboa_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4519" data-file-height="2989" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ullibarri-Gamboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ullibarri-Gamboa">Ullibarri-Gamboa</a></figcaption></figure><p>The province numbers 51 <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipalities</a>, a population of 315,525 inhabitants in an area of 3,037 km<sup>2</sup> (1,173 sq mi), with an average of 104.50 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-alava_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alava-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vast majority of the population clusters in the capital city of Álava, <a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a>, which also serves as the capital of the Autonomous Community, but the remainder of the territory is sparsely inhabited with population nuclei distributed into seven counties (<i>kuadrillak</i> or <i>cuadrillas</i>): <a href="/wiki/Cuadrilla_de_A%C3%B1ana" title="Cuadrilla de Añana">Añana</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ayala/Aiara" title="Ayala/Aiara">Ayala/Aiara</a>; <a href="/wiki/Campezo/Kanpezu" title="Campezo/Kanpezu">Campezo/Kanpezu</a>; <a href="/wiki/Laguardia,_%C3%81lava" title="Laguardia, Álava">Laguardia</a>; <a href="/wiki/Salvatierra,_%C3%81lava" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvatierra, Álava">Agurain/Salvatierra</a>; <a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a>; <a href="/wiki/Zuia" title="Zuia">Zuia</a>. </p><p><br /> </p><table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p>A 2021 sociolinguistic survey found that 22.4% of the adult population spoke <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>, an increase of six percentage points since 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population_development">Population development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lava&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Population development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The historical population is given in the following chart: </p> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_988695yc19qyjjp184n99uno27waj1o"></map><img usemap="#timeline_988695yc19qyjjp184n99uno27waj1o" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/988695yc19qyjjp184n99uno27waj1o.png" /></div> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="toc" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="65%" style="float:left; text-align:center;clear:all; margin-left:10px; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="Maroon" colspan="8" style="color:white;">Most populated municipalities<br />(2021) </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#efefef"> <th width="4%">Position </th> <th width="86%">Municipality </th> <th width="10%">Inhabitants </th></tr> <tr> <td>1st</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></td> <td>253,093 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Llodio" class="mw-redirect" title="Llodio">Llodio</a></b></td> <td>18,009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3nd</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Amurrio" title="Amurrio">Amurrio</a></b></td> <td>10,307 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Agurain" class="mw-redirect" title="Agurain">Agurain</a></b></td> <td>5,029 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Iru%C3%B1a_Oka" class="mw-redirect" title="Iruña Oka">Iruña Oka</a></b></td> <td>3,468 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Oion" class="mw-redirect" title="Oion">Oion</a></b></td> <td>3,418 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ayala/Aiara" title="Ayala/Aiara">Aiara</a></b></td> <td>2,951 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Dulantzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulantzi">Dulantzi</a></b></td> <td>2,925 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Zuia" title="Zuia">Zuia</a></b></td> <td>2,318 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Legutio" title="Legutio">Legutio</a></b></td> <td>1,993 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Artziniega" title="Artziniega">Artziniega</a></b></td> <td>1,809 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Zigoitia" title="Zigoitia">Zigoitia</a></b></td> <td>1,802 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Asparrena" title="Asparrena">Asparrena</a></b></td> <td>1,633 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Labastida" title="Labastida">Labastida</a></b></td> <td>1,532 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Laguardia,_%C3%81lava" title="Laguardia, Álava">Laguardia</a></b></td> <td>1,464 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lava&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lordship_of_Álava"><span id="Lordship_of_.C3.81lava"></span>Lordship of Álava</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lava&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lordship of Álava"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:18092007-hoces-de-sobron-ebro-23.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/18092007-hoces-de-sobron-ebro-23.JPG/220px-18092007-hoces-de-sobron-ebro-23.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/18092007-hoces-de-sobron-ebro-23.JPG/330px-18092007-hoces-de-sobron-ebro-23.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/18092007-hoces-de-sobron-ebro-23.JPG/440px-18092007-hoces-de-sobron-ebro-23.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sobr%C3%B3n" title="Sobrón">Sobrón</a>, next to the <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a> river</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Rioja_Alavesa..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/La_Rioja_Alavesa..jpg/220px-La_Rioja_Alavesa..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/La_Rioja_Alavesa..jpg/330px-La_Rioja_Alavesa..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/La_Rioja_Alavesa..jpg/440px-La_Rioja_Alavesa..jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Rioja_Alavesa" title="Rioja Alavesa">Rioja Alavesa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monte_Gorbea.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Monte_Gorbea.JPG/220px-Monte_Gorbea.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Monte_Gorbea.JPG/330px-Monte_Gorbea.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Monte_Gorbea.JPG/440px-Monte_Gorbea.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gorbea" title="Gorbea">Gorbea</a>, Álava's highest mountain</figcaption></figure> <p>List of rulers (modern Spanish names) : </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eylo" title="Eylo">Eylo</a>, up to 866</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_of_Castile" title="Rodrigo of Castile">Rodrigo</a> c. 867–870, <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Castile">count of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vela_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Vela Jiménez">Vela Jiménez</a> 870–c. 887</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munio_Velaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Munio Velaz">Munio Velaz</a> c. 887–c. 921</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Herram%C3%A9liz" title="Álvaro Herraméliz">Álvaro Herraméliz</a> c. 921–931, also count of Cerezo and Lantarón</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A1n_Gonz%C3%A1lez" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernán González">Fernán González</a> 931–970, also count of Castile, Álava feudatary of Castile until 1030</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Fern%C3%A1ndez_of_Castile" title="García Fernández of Castile">García Fernández</a> 970–995</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munio_Gonz%C3%A1lez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Munio González (page does not exist)">Munio González</a> 1030–1043</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortunio_%C3%8D%C3%B1iguez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fortunio Íñiguez (page does not exist)">Fortunio Íñiguez</a> 1043–1046</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munio_Mu%C3%B1oz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Munio Muñoz (page does not exist)">Munio Muñoz</a> (co-lord) 1046–1060, Álava feudatary of Navarre, 1046–1085</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sancho_Maceratiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sancho Maceratiz (page does not exist)">Sancho Maceratiz</a> (co-lord) 1046–1060</li> <li>Ramiro 1060–1075</li> <li>Marcelo 1075–1085</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lope_%C3%8D%C3%B1iguez" title="Lope Íñiguez">Lope Íñiguez</a> 1085–?, Álava feudatary of Castile until 1123</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lope_D%C3%ADaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lope Díaz (page does not exist)">Lope Díaz</a> <i>the White</i> ?–1093</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lope_Gonz%C3%A1lez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lope González (page does not exist)">Lope González</a> 1093–1099</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lope_S%C3%A1nchez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lope Sánchez (page does not exist)">Lope Sánchez</a> 1099–1114</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_L%C3%B3pez_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Diego López I">Diego López I</a> 1114–1123</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladr%C3%B3n_%C3%8D%C3%B1iguez" title="Ladrón Íñiguez">Ladrón Íñiguez</a> 1123–1158, Álava feudatary of Navarre until 1199</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vela_Ladr%C3%B3n" title="Vela Ladrón">Vela Ladrón</a> 1158–1175</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Velaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Velaz">Juan Velaz</a> 1175–1181</li> <li>Diego López II 1181–1187</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8D%C3%B1igo_de_Oriz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Íñigo de Oriz (page does not exist)">Íñigo de Oriz</a> 1187–1199</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_L%C3%B3pez_de_Haro_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Diego López de Haro I">Diego López de Haro I</a> 1199–1214, Álava feudatary of Castile until personal union of 1332</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lope_D%C3%ADaz_I_de_Haro" title="Lope Díaz I de Haro">Lope Diaz de Haro I</a> 1214–1240</li> <li>Nuño González de Lara 1240–1252</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_L%C3%B3pez_de_Haro_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Diego López de Haro II">Diego López de Haro II</a> 1252–1274</li> <li>Fernando de la Cerda 1274–1280</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lope_D%C3%ADaz_II_de_Haro" title="Lope Díaz II de Haro">Lope Díaz II de Haro</a> 1280–1288</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Alonso_de_Haro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Alonso de Haro (page does not exist)">Juan Alonso de Haro</a> 1288–1310</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diego_L%C3%B3pez_de_Salcedo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diego López de Salcedo (page does not exist)">Diego López de Salcedo</a> 1310–1332</li></ul> <p>The title is attributed to the Castilian kings after 1332. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical_history">Ecclesiastical history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lava&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monasterio_de_Quejana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Monasterio_de_Quejana.jpg/220px-Monasterio_de_Quejana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Monasterio_de_Quejana.jpg/330px-Monasterio_de_Quejana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Monasterio_de_Quejana.jpg/440px-Monasterio_de_Quejana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>Quejana monastery in Ayala</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vitoria_-_Armentia_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Vitoria_-_Armentia_002.jpg/220px-Vitoria_-_Armentia_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Vitoria_-_Armentia_002.jpg/330px-Vitoria_-_Armentia_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Vitoria_-_Armentia_002.jpg/440px-Vitoria_-_Armentia_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4359" data-file-height="3273" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Armentia#Basilica_of_San_Prudencio" title="Armentia">Basilica of San Prudencio</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Armentia" title="Armentia">Armentia</a>, Vitoria-Gasteiz</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bishopric">Bishopric</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lava&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bishopric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Arab invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a> valley in the eighth century, many Christians of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Calahorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Calahorra">Diocese of Calahorra</a> sought refuge in areas further north free of Arab rule.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The diocese called Álava or <b>Armentaria</b> was established in 870 on territory split off from the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Calahorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Calahorra">Diocese of Calahorra</a>. From then until the 11th century the names of several bishops of this see are recorded, the best known being the last, Fortún, who in 1072 went to Rome to argue before <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_II" title="Pope Alexander II">Pope Alexander II</a> in defence of the <a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic Rite</a>, which King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VI_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VI of León and Castile">Alfonso VI of León and Castile</a> had decreed should be replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a>. </p><p>The see was suppressed in 1088, when it was merged into the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Naj%C3%A9ra" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Najéra">Diocese of Najéra</a>, another <a href="/wiki/Suffragan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffragan">suffragan</a> of the Metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Tarragona" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Tarragona">Archdiocese of Tarragona</a>. The territory of the diocese of Álava, which corresponded more or less to that of the present <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Vitoria" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Vitoria">Diocese of Vitoria</a>, was reabsorbed into that of Calahorra when Najéra was suppressed in 1170, when King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VIII_of_Castile" title="Alfonso VIII of Castile">Alfonso VIII of Castile</a> conquered <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (Spain)">La Rioja</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ES_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gcatholic.org_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcatholic.org-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt><i>Suffragan Bishops of Álava</i></dt></dl> <p>(For a list, see Antonio Rivera, ed., <i>Historia de Álava</i> (2003), pp. 599–600.) </p> <ul><li>Bivere or Aivere (before 871 – after 876)</li> <li>Álvaro (c. 881 – c. 888)</li> <li>Munio I (937/956 – 971)</li> <li>? Julián (?–984)</li> <li>Munio II (984–989)</li> <li>García I (996 – c. 1021)</li> <li>Munio III (c. 1024 – c. 1030)</li> <li>García II (1037 – 1053/1055)</li> <li>Fortún [Fortuño] I (1054/1055)</li> <li>Vela (1056–1062)</li> <li>Munio IV (1062 – c. 1065)</li> <li>Fortún II (c. 1067 – 1088)<sup id="cite_ref-ES_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Titular_see">Titular see</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lava&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Titular see"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No longer a residential bishopric, Álava is today listed by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Titular_see" title="Titular see">titular see</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since the diocese was nominally restored in 1969 as <a href="/wiki/Titular_bishopric" class="mw-redirect" title="Titular bishopric">Titular bishopric</a> of Álava. </p><p>It has had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting episcopal (lowest) rank:<sup id="cite_ref-gcatholic.org_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcatholic.org-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Stanisław Smolenski (1970/01/14 – death 2006/08/08) as <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Auxiliary Bishop">Auxiliary Bishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Krakow" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Krakow">Kraków</a> (Poland) (1970.01.14 – 1992.02.01) and on emeritate</li> <li>Mario Iceta Gavicagogeascoa (2008.02.05 – 2010.08.24) as Auxiliary Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bilbao" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bilbao">Bilbao</a> (Basque Spain) (2008.02.05 – 2010.08.24); later succeeded Bishop of Bilbao (2010.08.24 – ...)</li> <li>Nelson Francelino Ferreira (2010.11.24 – 2014.02.12) as Auxiliary Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o_do_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro">São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro</a> (Brazil) (2010.11.24 – 2014.02.12); later Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Valen%C3%A7a" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Valença">Valença</a> (Brazil) (2014.02.12 – ...)</li> <li>Carlos Lema Garcia (2014.04.30 – ...), as Auxiliary Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Paulo">São Paulo</a> (Brazil)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_Civil_War">Spanish Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lava&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Spanish Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the start of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> Álava and Vitoria were easily captured by the rebel <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_faction_(Spanish_Civil_War)" title="Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)">Nationalists</a> led by General Angel García Benítez, assisted by Colonel <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Alonso_Vega" title="Camilo Alonso Vega">Camilo Alonso Vega</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vitoria was captured on 19 July 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1936 an attempt by <a href="/wiki/Republican_faction_(Spanish_Civil_War)" title="Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)">Republicans</a> to retake Vitoria was thwarted after being spotted by Nationalist reconnaissance aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1937 Nationalist campaign in <a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">Vizcaya</a> was supported by 80 German aircraft based at Vitoria,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the <a href="/wiki/Condor_Legion" title="Condor Legion">Condor Legion</a> fighter wing was concentrated.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lava&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_%C3%81lava" title="List of municipalities in Álava">List of municipalities in Álava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonsierra_de_Navarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonsierra de Navarra">Sonsierra</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lava&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2011/07/06/pdfs/BOE-A-2011-11606.pdf">Ley 19/2011, de 5 de julio, por la que pasan a denominarse oficialmente "Araba/Álava", "Gipuzkoa" y "Bizkaia" las demarcaciones provinciales llamadas anteriormente "Álava", "Guipúzcoa" y "Vizcaya"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/CCAA/pv-l1-1980.html">Ley 1/1980 de Sede de las Instituciones de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.araba.eus/alavaforyou/">"Alava for you"</a>. Provincial Council of Álava<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alava+for+you&rft.pub=Provincial+Council+of+%C3%81lava&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.araba.eus%2Falavaforyou%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%81lava" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrask1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Trask" title="Larry Trask">Trask, Robert Lawrence</a> (1997). "3.6 Laterals". <i>The History of Basque</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 142–143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-13116-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-13116-2"><bdi>0-415-13116-2</bdi></a>. <q>At some stage intervocalic l was converted to the tap r, merging with the existing r. This change was categorical in most dialects ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3.6+Laterals&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Basque&rft.pages=142-143&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-415-13116-2&rft.aulast=Trask&rft.aufirst=Robert+Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%81lava" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alava-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alava_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alava_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110810100501/http://www.alava.net/cs/Satellite?cid=1193046437725&pagename=DiputacionAlava%2FPage%2FDPA_contenidoFinal">"Su población"</a>. Diputación Foral de Álava. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alava.net/cs/Satellite?cid=1193046437725&pagename=DiputacionAlava%2FPage%2FDPA_contenidoFinal">the original</a> on 2011-08-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Su+poblaci%C3%B3n&rft.pub=Diputaci%C3%B3n+Foral+de+%C3%81lava&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alava.net%2Fcs%2FSatellite%3Fcid%3D1193046437725%26pagename%3DDiputacionAlava%252FPage%252FDPA_contenidoFinal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%81lava" class="Z3988"></span> Text in Spanish</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://basquetribune.com/the-basque-language-gains-speakers-but-no-surge-in-usage/">"The Basque Language Gains Speakers, but No Surge in Usage – Basque Tribune"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Basque+Language+Gains+Speakers%2C+but+No+Surge+in+Usage+%E2%80%93+Basque+Tribune&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbasquetribune.com%2Fthe-basque-language-gains-speakers-but-no-surge-in-usage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%81lava" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ES-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ES_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ES_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10357/130">España Sagrada</a>, tomo XXXIII, Madrid 1781, pp. 223–271</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gcatholic.org-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gcatholic.org_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcatholic.org_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t0085.htm">"Titular See of Álava, Spain"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Titular+See+of+%C3%81lava%2C+Spain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gcatholic.org%2Fdioceses%2Fformer%2Ft0085.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%81lava" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Annuario Pontificio 2013</i> (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-209-9070-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-209-9070-1">978-88-209-9070-1</a>), p. 828</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2012" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Hugh (2012). <i>The Spanish Civil War</i> (50th Anniversary ed.). London: Penguin Books. p. 226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-141-01161-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-141-01161-5"><bdi>978-0-141-01161-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Civil+War&rft.place=London&rft.pages=226&rft.edition=50th+Anniversary&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-141-01161-5&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%81lava" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeevor2006" class="citation book cs1">Beevor, Antony (2006). <i>The Battle for Spain</i>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7538-2165-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7538-2165-7"><bdi>978-0-7538-2165-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+for+Spain&rft.place=London&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7538-2165-7&rft.aulast=Beevor&rft.aufirst=Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%81lava" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beevor (2006) p.251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas (2012) p.596</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beevor (2006) p.253</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lava&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t0085.htm">GGatholic ecclesiastical history</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Euskal_Herria_provinces" title="Template:Euskal Herria provinces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Euskal_Herria_provinces" title="Template talk:Euskal Herria provinces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Euskal_Herria_provinces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Euskal Herria provinces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Traditional_provinces_of_the_Basque_Country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Traditional provinces of the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque Country</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Basque_Country" title="Southern Basque Country">Southern Basque Country</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Autonomous Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gipuzkoa" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Álava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">Biscay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional provinces of Euskal Herria / Basque Country"><img alt="Traditional provinces of Euskal Herria / Basque Country" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Basque_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Basque Country">Northern Basque Country</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labourd" title="Labourd">Labourd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Navarre" title="Lower Navarre">Lower Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soule" title="Soule">Soule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provinces_of_Spain" title="Template:Provinces of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provinces_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Provinces of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Provinces of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="Province of A Coruña">A Coruña</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Álava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Albacete" title="Province of Albacete">Albacete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Alicante" title="Province of Alicante">Alicante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Almer%C3%ADa" title="Province of Almería">Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%81vila" title="Province of Ávila">Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Badajoz" title="Province of Badajoz">Badajoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Barcelona" title="Province of Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Province of Cáceres">Cáceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Province of Cádiz">Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Castell%C3%B3n" title="Province of Castellón">Castellón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ciudad_Real" title="Province of Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spain)" title="Province of Córdoba (Spain)">Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cuenca" title="Province of Cuenca">Cuenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Girona" title="Province of Girona">Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Granada" title="Province of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Guadalajara" title="Province of Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gipuzkoa" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Huelva" title="Province of Huelva">Huelva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Huesca" title="Province of Huesca">Huesca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(Spain)" title="Province of Jaén (Spain)">Jaén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Palmas" title="Province of Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lleida" title="Province of Lleida">Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lugo" title="Province of Lugo">Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Province of Málaga">Málaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Murcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ourense" title="Province of Ourense">Ourense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palencia" title="Province of Palencia">Palencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pontevedra" title="Province of Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salamanca" title="Province of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Segovia" title="Province of Segovia">Segovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Seville" title="Province of Seville">Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Soria" title="Province of Soria">Soria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Tarragona" title="Province of Tarragona">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Teruel" title="Province of Teruel">Teruel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Toledo" title="Province of Toledo">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valencia" title="Province of Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">Zamora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zaragoza" title="Province of Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81801#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4007160364976763680007">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079679-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n98015527">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11960768n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11960768n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Álava (Španělsko : provincie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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