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id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_mzn.wikipedia.org&uselang=mzn" class=""><span>پول هدائن</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C&returnto=%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1+%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="شِما ره پیشنهاد کامبی که اتا کاروری حیساب بسازین و لاگین بَواشین؛ البته این کار اختیاری هسته." class=""><span>عضو بیّن</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87&returnto=%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1+%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="شه‌ما به‌ته‌ر هـأسـه که سـیـسـتـه‌م ده‌لـه بـیـه‌ئی، هـرچـأن زوری نـیـه [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>دله بموئن</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="گزینه‌های بیشتر" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="مه ابزار" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C&returnto=%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1+%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="شِما ره پیشنهاد کامبی که اتا کاروری حیساب بسازین و لاگین بَواشین؛ البته این کار اختیاری هسته."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>عضو بیّن</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87&returnto=%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1+%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="شه‌ما به‌ته‌ر هـأسـه که سـیـسـتـه‌م ده‌لـه بـیـه‌ئی، هـرچـأن زوری نـیـه [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>دله بموئن</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> صفحه‌هایی برای ویرایشگرانی که از سامانه خارج شدند <a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%87" aria-label="دربارهٔ ویرایش‌کردن بیشتر بدانید"><span>بیشتر بدانید</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB_%D9%85%D9%86" title="بحث پیرامون ویرایش‌های این نشانی آی‌پی [n]" accesskey="n"><span>گپ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="وبگاه"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="فهرست" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">فهرست</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">انتقال به نوار کناری</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">پٮتی</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">لید</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-منابع" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#منابع"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱</span> <span>منابع</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-منابع-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="فهرست" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="تغییر وضعیت فهرست محتویات" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">تغییر وضعیت فهرست محتویات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">هربرت اسپنسر گسر</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="به مقاله‌ای به یک زبان دیگر بروید. به ۵۲ زبان در دسترس است." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۵۲ زوون</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–آراگونی" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="آراگونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="هربرت سبنسر غاسر–عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هربرت سبنسر غاسر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="هربرت سبنسر جاسر–عربی مصری" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هربرت سبنسر جاسر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="عربی مصری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–آستوری" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="آستوری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="هربرت اسپنسر گسر–South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هربرت اسپنسر گسر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Герберт Спенсер Гасер–بلاروسی" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Герберт Спенсер Гасер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بلاروسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8._%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="হারবার্ট এস. গ্যাসার–بنگالی" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হারবার্ট এস. গ্যাসার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–کاتالونی" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کاتالونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8E%D8%B1" title="ھێربەرت سپێنسەر گاسێر–میونی کوردی" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھێربەرت سپێنسەر گاسێر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="میونی کوردی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–چکی" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–ولزی" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ولزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–آلمانی" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="آلمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84_%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Χέρμπερτ Σπένσερ Γκάσερ–یونانی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χέρμπερτ Σπένσερ Γκάσερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یونانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–انگلیسی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگلیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–ایسپانیولی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ایسپانیولی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–استونیایی" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="استونیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="هربرت اسپنسر گسر–فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هربرت اسپنسر گسر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Gasser" title="Herbert Gasser–فینیش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Herbert Gasser" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینیش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Gasser" title="Herbert Gasser–فرانسوی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Herbert Gasser" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%A1%D7%A8" title="הרברט ספנסר גסר–عبری" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרברט ספנסר גסר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–کرواتی" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کرواتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–مجاری" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="مجاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–اندونزیایی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="اندونزیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–ایدو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ایدو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–ایتالیایی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایتالیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC" title="ハーバート・ガッサー–جاپونی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハーバート・ガッサー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Герберт Спенсер Гассер–قزاقی" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Герберт Спенсер Гассер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قزاقی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%9C%EC%84%9C_%EA%B0%9C%EC%84%9C" title="허버트 스펜서 개서–کُره‌یی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="허버트 스펜서 개서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کُره‌یی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbertus_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbertus Spencer Gasser–لاتین" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Herbertus Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاتین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0" title="गॅरी हर्बर्ट स्पेन्सर–ماراتی" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गॅरी हर्बर्ट स्पेन्सर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ماراتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–مالایی" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="مالایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–هلندی" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هلندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–نروژی بوکمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نروژی بوکمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–اکسیتان" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="اکسیتان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–لهستونی" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="لهستونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="ہربرٹ سپنسر گاسر–پنجابی" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہربرٹ سپنسر گاسر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="پنجابی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Gasser" title="Herbert Gasser–پرتغالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Herbert Gasser" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پرتغالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гассер, Герберт Спенсер–روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гассер, Герберт Спенсер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Gasser" title="Herbert Gasser–انگلیسی ساده" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Herbert Gasser" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="انگلیسی ساده" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–اسلوونیایی" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="اسلوونیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_S._Gasser" title="Herbert S. Gasser–سوئدی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Herbert S. Gasser" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سوئدی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–سواحیلی" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواحیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ҳерберт Спенсер Гассер–تاجیکی" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳерберт Спенсер Гассер" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجیکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–ترکی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Герберт Спенсер Гассер–اوکراینی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Герберт Спенсер Гассер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکراینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="ہر برٹ سپنسر گیسر–اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہر برٹ سپنسر گیسر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–ازبکی" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ازبکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–ویتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ویتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჰერბერტ სპენსერ გასერი–Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰერბერტ სპენსერ გასერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser–یوروبا" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Herbert Spencer Gasser" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="یوروبا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%BD%98%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%A1%9E" title="赫伯特·斯潘塞·加塞–چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="赫伯特·斯潘塞·加塞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q273201#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="میون‌ویکی ِلینکون ِدَچی‌ین" class="wbc-editpage">لینکون ِدچی‌ین</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="فضایِ نوم"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="بدی‌ین 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.entete.water-polo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/40px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}</style><table class="infobox_v3b mainTable infobox"><tbody><tr><td style="justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-direction:row;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap"><div class="entete medecine" style="background-color:#9EC2F3;color:#000000"><div>هربرت اسپنسر گسر</div></div><div style="border:unset;padding:unset"><div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Herbert_Spencer_Gasser_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser_nobel.jpg/260px-Herbert_Spencer_Gasser_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser_nobel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></div></div><table><caption style="display:table-caption;background-color:#E1E1E1;text-align:center;color:#000000">شخصی معلومات</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">بزا-روز</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p569"><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1888-07-05" data-sort-value="1888-07-05"><a href="/wiki/5_%DA%98%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%87" class="mw-redirect" title="5 ژوئیه">5 ژوئیه</a> <a href="/wiki/1888" class="mw-redirect" title="1888">1888</a></time><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273201?uselang=mzn#P569" title="ویکی دیتا دله ونه دیتائون ره هارشین"><img alt="ویکی دیتا دله ونه دیتائون ره هارشین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span><br /><span class="wd_p19">پلتیویل <small>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platteville,_Wisconsin" class="extiw" title="en:Platteville, Wisconsin"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="مقاله انگلیسی ویکی‌پدیا دله">en</span></a>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273201?uselang=mzn#P19" title="ویکی دیتا دله ونه دیتائون ره هارشین"><img alt="ویکی دیتا دله ونه دیتائون ره هارشین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">بمردن</th><td class=""><div> <a href="/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1_%D9%85%D9%87" title="۱۱ مه">۱۱ مه</a> <a href="/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B6%DB%B3" title="۱۹۶۳">۱۹۶۳</a><sup id="cite_ref-259f063bc6cc735dfe2c6e6986aa8ccae45be532_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259f063bc6cc735dfe2c6e6986aa8ccae45be532-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3483002ae6a944b1058118ceb00c003594a5a147_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3483002ae6a944b1058118ceb00c003594a5a147-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6d0817bd4a81dc469489f602917a5537443ced32_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6d0817bd4a81dc469489f602917a5537443ced32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273201?uselang=mzn#P570" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">ملیت</th><td class=""><div> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="آمریکای متحده ایالات">متحده ایالات آمریکا</a> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273201?uselang=mzn#P27" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">مدرسه</th><td class=""><div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q838330" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q838330"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">دانشگاه ویسکانسین-مدیسن</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838330?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> </li><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193727" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q193727"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">دانشگاه جانز هاپکینز</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193727?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> </li><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7202524" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q7202524"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Platteville High School</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202524?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273201?uselang=mzn#P69" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">گپ‌بزن زوون</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p1412"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="اینگلیسی زوون">انگلیسی</a><sup id="cite_ref-89be51b9cdc268f926d9af39c3b30dd77c9e63f3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89be51b9cdc268f926d9af39c3b30dd77c9e63f3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:0.5em"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273201#P1412" title="ویکی‌دیتایِ پارامترون ره هارشی‌ین"><img alt="ویکی‌دیتایِ پارامترون ره هارشی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">پیشه‌ئون</th><td class=""><div> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39631" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q39631"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">پزشک</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39631?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1622272" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1622272"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">استاد دانشگاه</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622272?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212980" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q212980"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">روان‌شناس</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212980?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2055046" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2055046"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">فیزیولوژیست</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2055046?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273201?uselang=mzn#P106" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="display:table-caption;background-color:#E1E1E1;text-align:center;color:#000000">دیگر معلومات</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">کارفرما</th><td class=""><div> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q777403" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q777403"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">دانشگاه واشینگتن در سن‌لوئیس</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777403?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q270272" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q270272"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">دانشگاه راکفلر</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270272?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273201?uselang=mzn#P108" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">عضو</th><td class=""><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"><div><div class="nomobile" style="text-align:right;border: none; padding: 0; background:none; font-size: 75%;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/20px-Incomplete_list.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/30px-Incomplete_list.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/40px-Incomplete_list.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span> لیست…</div></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q123885" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q123885"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">انجمن سلطنتی</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123885?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191583" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q191583"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">آکادمی سلطنتی علوم سوئد</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191583?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q270794" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q270794"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">آکادمی ملی علوم</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270794?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q463303" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q463303"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">فرهنگستان هنر و دانش آمریکا</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463303?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q466089" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q466089"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">مجمع فیلسوفان آمریکا</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466089?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-757e4753c6072dfb329049414d9ad07e4b153b5d_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-757e4753c6072dfb329049414d9ad07e4b153b5d-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273201?uselang=mzn#P463" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">جوایز</th><td class=""><div> <ul><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q120717812" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q120717812"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">George M. Kober Medal</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120717812?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-f591b89af42c2c6072443abc7f1bcf40cbae966b_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f591b89af42c2c6072443abc7f1bcf40cbae966b-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B5%DB%B4" title="۱۹۵۴">۱۹۵۴</a>)</small></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q126418747" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q126418747"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">doctor honoris causa from the University of Paris</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126418747?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-f1429504bc69c5da1155962ab5bb9a2bd5ad4f3f_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1429504bc69c5da1155962ab5bb9a2bd5ad4f3f-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B4_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="۱۴ نوامبر">۱۴ نوامبر</a> <a href="/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B5%DB%B3" title="۱۹۵۳">۱۹۵۳</a>)</small></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14906020" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q14906020"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Foreign Member of the Royal Society</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14906020?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-e1593db7e83d09ddc7d6e2a71f550763c31313cb_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e1593db7e83d09ddc7d6e2a71f550763c31313cb-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%DB%B9_%D9%85%D9%87" title="۹ مه">۹ مه</a> <a href="/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B6" title="۱۹۴۶">۱۹۴۶</a>)</small></li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87" title="نوبل طبابت جایزه">نوبل طبابت جایزه</a><sup id="cite_ref-369f550f4da316bec49b9ac924e618678a722f00_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-369f550f4da316bec49b9ac924e618678a722f00-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2aadacb799507856faaf0815929ae9a0041615fb_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2aadacb799507856faaf0815929ae9a0041615fb-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B4" title="۱۹۴۴">۱۹۴۴</a>) <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273201?uselang=mzn#P166" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">تلمبار جا</th><td class=""><div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q321717" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q321717"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Wisconsin Historical Society</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321717?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273201?uselang=mzn#P485" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar noprint bordered" style="display:block;flex:auto;border-top:2px dotted #9EC2F3"><span class="plainlinks" style="background:inherit;text-align:right;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%B1&veaction=edit&section=0">دچی‌ین</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%B1&action=edit&section=0">کد دچی‌ین</a> - <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273201" class="extiw" title="d:Q273201">آیتم دچی‌ین</a></span><span style="text-align:left;float:left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86:%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AE/%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5" title="شابلون خَوِری"><img alt="شابلون خَوِری" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/30px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/45px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/60px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>هربرت اسپنسر گسر</b> اتا <a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="آمریکای متحده ایالات">آمریکای متحده ایالات</a> دوکتور بی‌یه. وه سال <a href="/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B4" title="۱۹۴۴">۱۹۴۴</a> میلادی، عصبی فیبر ره ویشته بشناسی‌ین وسّه، <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87" title="نوبل طبابت جایزه">نوبل طبابت جایزه</a> ره بیته. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="منابع"><span id=".D9.85.D9.86.D8.A7.D8.A8.D8.B9"></span>منابع</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="تیکه: منابع ره دچی‌ین"><span>دچی‌ین</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>ویکی‌پدیای کارزنون، «<a class="external text" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C&oldid=38929213">فهرست برندگان جایزه نوبل فیزیولوژی و پزشکی</a>»، فارسی ویکی‌پدیا، آزاد دانشنومه، دله. (هارشی‌یه بَیی ۳۱ مه ۲۰۲۴).</li> <li><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1944">“The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944”</a>. Nobelprize.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 1 June 2024</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Medicine+1944&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1944&rfr_id=info:sid/fa.wikipedia.org:%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%B1"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="reflist references-small" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-259f063bc6cc735dfe2c6e6986aa8ccae45be532-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-259f063bc6cc735dfe2c6e6986aa8ccae45be532_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ونه نوم اینجه بمو: <i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36578" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q36578"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">برگه‌دان مستند نام‌ها</span></a></i>. هارشی‌ین تاریخ: <a href="/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0_%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="۲۰ سپتامبر">۲۰ سپتامبر</a> <a href="/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B8" title="۲۰۱۸">۲۰۱۸</a>. اثر یا نومِ زوون: آلمانی. نویسنده: کتابخانه ملی آلمان.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3483002ae6a944b1058118ceb00c003594a5a147-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3483002ae6a944b1058118ceb00c003594a5a147_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ونه نوم اینجه بمو: <i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q237227" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q237227"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">دانشنامه بروک‌هاوس</span></a></i>. شناسۀ دانشنامۀ بروک‌هاوس: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/gasser-herbert-spencer">gasser-herbert-spencer</a>. شهرت: Herbert Spencer Gasser. اثر یا نومِ زوون: آلمانی.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6d0817bd4a81dc469489f602917a5537443ced32-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6d0817bd4a81dc469489f602917a5537443ced32_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ونه نوم اینجه بمو: <i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19938912" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q19938912"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">BnF authorities</span></a></i>. شناسهٔ BNF: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16558794x">16558794x</a>. شهرت: Herbert Spencer Gasser. نویسنده: کتابخانه ملی فرانسه. اثر یا نومِ زوون: فرانسوی.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89be51b9cdc268f926d9af39c3b30dd77c9e63f3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-89be51b9cdc268f926d9af39c3b30dd77c9e63f3_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">شناسه CONOR.SI: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/conor/219058275">https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/conor/219058275</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-757e4753c6072dfb329049414d9ad07e4b153b5d-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-757e4753c6072dfb329049414d9ad07e4b153b5d_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ونه نوم اینجه بمو: <i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1373513" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1373513"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">ان‌ان‌دی‌بی</span></a></i>. اثر یا نومِ زوون: انگلیسی.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f591b89af42c2c6072443abc7f1bcf40cbae966b-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-f591b89af42c2c6072443abc7f1bcf40cbae966b_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">نشانی اینترنتی: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://aap-online.org/kober/">https://aap-online.org/kober/</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f1429504bc69c5da1155962ab5bb9a2bd5ad4f3f-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-f1429504bc69c5da1155962ab5bb9a2bd5ad4f3f_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">نشانی اینترنتی: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k939001/f588.item.zoom#">https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k939001/f588.item.zoom#</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e1593db7e83d09ddc7d6e2a71f550763c31313cb-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-e1593db7e83d09ddc7d6e2a71f550763c31313cb_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ونه نوم اینجه بمو: <i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q111806251" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q111806251"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Complete List of Royal Society Fellows 1660-2007</span></a></i>. صفحۀ: 134. ناشر: انجمن سلطنتی.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-369f550f4da316bec49b9ac924e618678a722f00-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-369f550f4da316bec49b9ac924e618678a722f00_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">نشانی اینترنتی: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1944/">http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1944/</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2aadacb799507856faaf0815929ae9a0041615fb-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2aadacb799507856faaf0815929ae9a0041615fb_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">نشانی اینترنتی: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/">https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d65d73b156ecdb409a0a03681d11b87afca0d437-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-d65d73b156ecdb409a0a03681d11b87afca0d437_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">نشانی اینترنتی: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=wiarchives;id=navbarbrowselink;cginame=findaid-idx;cc=wiarchives;view=reslist;subview=standard;didno=uw-whs-mss00132">https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=wiarchives;id=navbarbrowselink;cginame=findaid-idx;cc=wiarchives;view=reslist;subview=standard;didno=uw-whs-mss00132</a></i>.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=هربرت_اسپنسر_گسر&oldid=195745">https://mzn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=هربرت_اسپنسر_گسر&oldid=195745</a>" جه بیته بیّه</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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