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id="toc-American_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 American settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Early 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_half_of_the_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_half_of_the_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Second half of the 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_half_of_the_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Topography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Cityscape </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Neighborhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commercial_and_public_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_and_public_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2.1 Commercial and public buildings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_and_public_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Residential" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residential"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2.2 Residential </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residential-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 Parks and recreation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Flora and fauna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2022_American_Community_Survey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_American_Community_Survey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 2022 American Community Survey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_American_Community_Survey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 2020 census </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 2010 census </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Metropolitan area </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts_and_theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Arts and theater </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events_and_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events_and_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Events and activities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events_and_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Crime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Housing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_and_Private_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_and_Private_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Public and Private schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_and_Private_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Higher Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Sports </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sports subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baseball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baseball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Baseball </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baseball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hockey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hockey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Hockey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hockey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soccer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soccer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Soccer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soccer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Major events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Media </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Media subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Print" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Print </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Television </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_streets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_streets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.1 City streets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_streets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.2 Mass transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freeways_and_highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freeways_and_highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.3 Freeways and highways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freeways_and_highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.4 Airports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Utilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Spokane, Washington</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" > 81 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoc%C4%81ne" title="Spocāne – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Spocāne" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="سبوكين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سبوكين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%86" title="اسپوکن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اسپوکن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8,_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="স্পোকেন, ওয়াশিংটন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্পোকেন, ওয়াশিংটন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane" title="Spokane – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Spokane" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Спокан (Вашингтон) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Спокан (Вашингтон)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Спакан (Вашынгтон) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Спакан (Вашынгтон)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Спакан (Вашынгтон) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Спакан (Вашынгтон)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Спокан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Спокан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane_(Washington)" title="Spokane (Washington) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Spokane (Washington)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane_(Washington)" title="Spokane (Washington) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Spokane (Washington)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane_(kapital_sa_kondado)" title="Spokane (kapital sa kondado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Spokane (kapital sa kondado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane" title="Spokane – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Spokane" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Spokane, Washington" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane" title="Spokane – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Spokane" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane" title="Spokane – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Spokane" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane" title="Spokane – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spokane" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naakigo_Hadahiil%C3%ADinii" title="Naakigo Hadahiilíinii – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Naakigo Hadahiilíinii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane" title="Spokane – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Spokane" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Σποκάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σποκάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane_(Washington)" title="Spokane (Washington) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Spokane (Washington)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane_(Va%C5%9Dingtonio)" title="Spokane (Vaŝingtonio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Spokane (Vaŝingtonio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane_(Washington)" title="Spokane (Washington) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Spokane (Washington)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%86_(%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%86)" title="اسپوکن (واشینگتن) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپوکن (واشینگتن)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane_(Washington)" title="Spokane (Washington) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Spokane (Washington)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane_(Washington)" title="Spokane (Washington) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Spokane (Washington)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Spokane, Washington" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Spokane, Washington" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A4%DA%A9%D9%86_(%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%86)" title="اسپؤکن (واشينگتن) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اسپؤکن (واشينگتن)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8F%AC%EC%BA%94" title="스포캔 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스포캔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%84%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Սպոքեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սպոքեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane_(Washington)" title="Spokane (Washington) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Spokane (Washington)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Spokane, Washington" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Spokane, Washington" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Спокан (Вашингтон) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Спокан (Вашингтон)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane" title="Spokane – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Spokane" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane_(Washington)" title="Spokane (Washington) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spokane (Washington)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ספוקיין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספוקיין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Spokane, Washington" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Spokane, Washington" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Spokane, Washington" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane_(Washington)" title="Spokane (Washington) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Spokane (Washington)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spocanum" title="Spocanum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Spocanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokena" title="Spokena – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spokena" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokanas" title="Spokanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Spokanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane_(Washington)" title="Spokane (Washington) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Spokane (Washington)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Spokane, Washington" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B5%BB" title="സ്പോക്കെയ്ൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്പോക്കെയ്ൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="سبوكين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سبوكين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Спокан (Вашингтон) – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Спокан (Вашингтон)" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane_(Washington)" title="Spokane (Washington) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spokane (Washington)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9D%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="スポケーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スポケーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Спокен (Вашингтон) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Спокен (Вашингтон)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane" title="Spokane – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spokane" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane" title="Spokane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Spokane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سپوکین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سپوکین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane_(Washington)" title="Spokane (Washington) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Spokane (Washington)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane" title="Spokane – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spokane" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane" title="Spokane – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Spokane" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane" title="Spokane – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Spokane" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Спокан (Вашингтон) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спокан (Вашингтон)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Spokane, Washington" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane_(Washington)" title="Spokane (Washington) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Spokane (Washington)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane" title="Spokane – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Spokane" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سپۆکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سپۆکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Спокен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Спокен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Spokane, Washington" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane" title="Spokane – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Spokane" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane" title="Spokane – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spokane" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Spokane, Washington" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Спокән – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Спокән" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Spokane, Washington" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Спокан (Вашингтон) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спокан (Вашингтон)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%B9%D9%86" title="سپوکین، واشنگٹن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سپوکین، واشنگٹن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" 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href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%A2%E5%9D%8E" title="斯波坎 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斯波坎" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%A2%E5%9D%8E" title="斯波坎 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="斯波坎" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%A2%E5%9D%8E" title="斯波坎 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斯波坎" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokan" title="Spokan – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" 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coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Spokane,_Washington&params=47_39_32_N_117_25_30_W_region:US-WA_type:city(228989)">47°39′32″N 117°25′30″W / 47.65889°N 117.42500°W / 47.65889; -117.42500</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Spokane_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Spokane (disambiguation)">Spokane (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Washington, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Spokane, Washington</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Washington" title="List of municipalities in Washington">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Spokane_aerial,_May_2023_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Downtown Spokane from Palisades Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Spokane_aerial%2C_May_2023_%28cropped%29.png/268px-Spokane_aerial%2C_May_2023_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="268" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Spokane_aerial%2C_May_2023_%28cropped%29.png/402px-Spokane_aerial%2C_May_2023_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Spokane_aerial%2C_May_2023_%28cropped%29.png/536px-Spokane_aerial%2C_May_2023_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center">Aerial view of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Spokane" title="Downtown Spokane">Downtown Spokane</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:MK02733_Spokane_Upper_Falls_3x2_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Upper Spokane Falls" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/MK02733_Spokane_Upper_Falls_3x2_crop.jpg/132px-MK02733_Spokane_Upper_Falls_3x2_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/MK02733_Spokane_Upper_Falls_3x2_crop.jpg/198px-MK02733_Spokane_Upper_Falls_3x2_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/MK02733_Spokane_Upper_Falls_3x2_crop.jpg/264px-MK02733_Spokane_Upper_Falls_3x2_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2452" data-file-height="1635" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center">Upper <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Falls" title="Spokane Falls">Spokane Falls</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:SpokaneConvCtr_CentennialTrail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Spokane River Centennial Trail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/SpokaneConvCtr_CentennialTrail.jpg/132px-SpokaneConvCtr_CentennialTrail.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/SpokaneConvCtr_CentennialTrail.jpg/198px-SpokaneConvCtr_CentennialTrail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/SpokaneConvCtr_CentennialTrail.jpg/264px-SpokaneConvCtr_CentennialTrail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Spokane_River_Centennial_Trail" title="Spokane River Centennial Trail">Spokane River Centennial Trail</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:170px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Spokane_Riverfront_Park_20061014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Riverfront Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Spokane_Riverfront_Park_20061014.jpg/268px-Spokane_Riverfront_Park_20061014.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Spokane_Riverfront_Park_20061014.jpg/402px-Spokane_Riverfront_Park_20061014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Spokane_Riverfront_Park_20061014.jpg/536px-Spokane_Riverfront_Park_20061014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1272" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Park_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Riverfront Park (Spokane, Washington)">Riverfront Park</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:98px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:ManitoParkDuncanGarden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Manito Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/ManitoParkDuncanGarden.jpg/132px-ManitoParkDuncanGarden.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/ManitoParkDuncanGarden.jpg/198px-ManitoParkDuncanGarden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/ManitoParkDuncanGarden.jpg/264px-ManitoParkDuncanGarden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="560" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Manito_Park_and_Botanical_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Manito Park and Botanical Gardens">Manito Park</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:98px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Historic_Monroe_Street_Bridge_-_Spokane_WA_-_USA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Monroe Street Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Historic_Monroe_Street_Bridge_-_Spokane_WA_-_USA.jpg/132px-Historic_Monroe_Street_Bridge_-_Spokane_WA_-_USA.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Historic_Monroe_Street_Bridge_-_Spokane_WA_-_USA.jpg/198px-Historic_Monroe_Street_Bridge_-_Spokane_WA_-_USA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Historic_Monroe_Street_Bridge_-_Spokane_WA_-_USA.jpg/264px-Historic_Monroe_Street_Bridge_-_Spokane_WA_-_USA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Street_Bridge_(Spokane_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monroe Street Bridge (Spokane River)">Monroe Street Bridge</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spokane,_Washington_(2021%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spokane, Washington"><img alt="Flag of Spokane, Washington" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Spokane%2C_Washington_%282021%E2%80%93present%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Spokane%2C_Washington_%282021%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Spokane%2C_Washington_%282021%E2%80%93present%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Spokane%2C_Washington_%282021%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Spokane%2C_Washington_%282021%E2%80%93present%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Spokane%2C_Washington_%282021%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="288" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Spokane,_Washington" title="Flag of Spokane, Washington">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_Spokane_Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Spokane, Washington"><img alt="Official logo of Spokane, Washington" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/70/City_of_Spokane_Seal.svg/83px-City_of_Spokane_Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="83" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/70/City_of_Spokane_Seal.svg/125px-City_of_Spokane_Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/70/City_of_Spokane_Seal.svg/167px-City_of_Spokane_Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="342" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The Lilac City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Creative by Nature</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1222442370">.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container>label:first-of-type{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container a.mw-kartographer-container.floatright,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container a.mw-kartographer-container.floatleft,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container div.mw-kartographer-container.tright,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container div.mw-kartographer-container.tleft{padding:0 0 0 0;margin:0 0 0 0}</style><div class="switcher-container mapframe-multi-container center"><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-zoom="10" data-lat="47.65719" data-lon="-117.4235" data-overlays="["_bd71f7c18fed0f3ace4c299a36a6b6333be56a61"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/47.65719/-117.4235/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,47.65719,-117.4235,280x280.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Spokane%2C_Washington&revid=1258624785&groups=_bd71f7c18fed0f3ace4c299a36a6b6333be56a61" width="280" height="280" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,47.65719,-117.4235,280x280@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Spokane%2C_Washington&revid=1258624785&groups=_bd71f7c18fed0f3ace4c299a36a6b6333be56a61 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show Spokane</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-zoom="8" data-lat="47.62" data-lon="-117.4" data-overlays="["_cb70dc9814ee14dc8f5c3d2f2babe44154a24889"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/8/47.62/-117.4/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,47.62,-117.4,280x280.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Spokane%2C_Washington&revid=1258624785&groups=_cb70dc9814ee14dc8f5c3d2f2babe44154a24889" width="280" height="280" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,47.62,-117.4,280x280@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Spokane%2C_Washington&revid=1258624785&groups=_cb70dc9814ee14dc8f5c3d2f2babe44154a24889 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show Spokane County</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-zoom="5" data-lat="47.5" data-lon="-120.5" data-overlays="["_db24f62198dc47de87e248bf236a8db1015d96ef"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/5/47.5/-120.5/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,47.5,-120.5,280x280.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Spokane%2C_Washington&revid=1258624785&groups=_db24f62198dc47de87e248bf236a8db1015d96ef" width="280" height="280" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,47.5,-120.5,280x280@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Spokane%2C_Washington&revid=1258624785&groups=_db24f62198dc47de87e248bf236a8db1015d96ef 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show Washington</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-zoom="3" data-lat="39.828175" data-lon="-98.5795" data-overlays="["_cc120ca59ca2c71314ef16c7c34653d00ab93dd4"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/3/39.828175/-98.5795/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,39.828175,-98.5795,280x280.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Spokane%2C_Washington&revid=1258624785&groups=_cc120ca59ca2c71314ef16c7c34653d00ab93dd4" width="280" height="280" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,39.828175,-98.5795,280x280@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Spokane%2C_Washington&revid=1258624785&groups=_cc120ca59ca2c71314ef16c7c34653d00ab93dd4 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show the United States</div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Spokane,_Washington&params=47_39_32_N_117_25_30_W_region:US-WA_type:city(228989)">47°39′32″N 117°25′30″W / 47.65889°N 117.42500°W / 47.65889; -117.42500</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Washington" title="List of counties in Washington">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spokane_County,_Washington" title="Spokane County, Washington">Spokane</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1873<a href="#cite_note-founding-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Incorporated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">November 29, 1881</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_N._Glover" title="James N. Glover">James N. Glover</a><a href="#cite_note-founding-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spokane_people" title="Spokane people">Spokane people</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor–council">Mayor–council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="#Government_and_Politics">Spokane City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Brown_(Washington_politician)" title="Lisa Brown (Washington politician)">Lisa Brown</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)<a href="#cite_note-inlander-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-3">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Washington" title="List of municipalities in Washington">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">69.50 sq mi (179.99 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">68.76 sq mi (178.09 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">0.74 sq mi (1.91 km2)  1.28%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,843 ft (562 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)<a href="#cite_note-QF2020-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Washington" title="List of municipalities in Washington">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">228,989</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2022)<a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2022-5">[5]</a></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">230,160</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">97th</a> WA: <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Washington" title="List of municipalities in Washington">2nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,300/sq mi (1,300/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">447,279 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">90th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,605.4/sq mi (1,006.0/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">600,292 (US: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">96th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">CSA</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">785,302 (US: <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">70th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Spokanite</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-8">UTC-8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Standard Time">PST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-7" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-7">UTC-7</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Daylight Time">PDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Zip codes<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;display:none"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">99201, 99202, 99203, 99204, 99205, 99206, 99207, 99208, 99209 (PO BOX), 99210 (PO BOX), 99211 (PO BOX), 99212, 99213 (PO BOX), 99214 (PO BOX), 99215 (PO BOX), 99216, 99217, 99218, 99219 (PO BOX), 99220 (PO BOX), 99223, 99224, 99228 (PO BOX), 99251, 99252, 99256, 99258, 99260, 99299</li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_509" title="Area code 509">509</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official tree</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pinus_ponderosa" title="Pinus ponderosa">Ponderosa Pine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">1512683<a href="#cite_note-GR3-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://my.spokanecity.org/">my.spokanecity.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Spokane (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/spoʊˈkæn/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/31\/En-us-Spokane.ogg\/En-us-Spokane.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Spokane.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/En-us-Spokane.ogg/En-us-Spokane.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Spokane.ogg" title="File:En-us-Spokane.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">spoh-KAN</a>)<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> is the most populous city in and the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spokane_County,_Washington" title="Spokane County, Washington">Spokane County, Washington</a>, United States. It is in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Washington" title="Eastern Washington">eastern Washington</a>, along the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_River" title="Spokane River">Spokane River</a>, adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Selkirk_Mountains" title="Selkirk Mountains">Selkirk Mountains</a>, and west of the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocky Mountain">Rocky Mountain</a> foothills, 92 miles (148 km) south of the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canadian border</a>, 18.5 miles (30 km) west of the Washington–<a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a> border, and 279 miles (449 km)<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> east of <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, along <a href="/wiki/Interstate_90_in_Washington" title="Interstate 90 in Washington">Interstate 90</a>. Spokane is the economic and cultural center of the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_metropolitan_area" title="Spokane metropolitan area">Spokane metropolitan area</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Spokane%E2%80%93Coeur_d%27Alene_combined_statistical_area" title="Spokane–Coeur d'Alene combined statistical area">Spokane–Coeur d'Alene combined statistical area</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Inland_Northwest" title="Inland Northwest">Inland Northwest</a>. It is known as the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Father%27s_Day_(United_States)" title="Father's Day (United States)">Father's Day</a>, and locally by the nickname of "Lilac City".<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Officially, Spokane goes by the nickname of Hooptown USA, due to Spokane's annual hosting of the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Hoopfest" title="Spokane Hoopfest">Spokane Hoopfest</a>, the world's largest basketball tournament.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The city and the wider Inland Northwest area are served by <a href="/wiki/Spokane_International_Airport" title="Spokane International Airport">Spokane International Airport</a>, 5 miles (8 km) west of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Spokane" title="Downtown Spokane">Downtown Spokane</a>, which is located near another airfield at <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Air_Force_Base" title="Fairchild Air Force Base">Fairchild Air Force Base</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a>, Spokane had a population of 208,916,<a href="#cite_note-census20100401-12">[12]</a> making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Washington">2nd-most populous city in Washington</a>,<a href="#cite_note-censuswa2020rank-13">[13]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">97th-most populous city in the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-censuscountryrank-14">[14]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>, Spokane's population was 228,989.<a href="#cite_note-QF2020-4">[4]</a> A 2023 estimate sets the population of the metropolitan area at 600,292.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The first people to live in the area, the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_people" title="Spokane people">Spokane tribe</a> (their name meaning "children of the sun" in <a href="/wiki/Montana_Salish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana Salish language">Salishan</a>), lived off plentiful game. <a href="/wiki/David_Thompson_(explorer)" title="David Thompson (explorer)">David Thompson</a> explored the area with the westward expansion and establishment of the <a href="/wiki/North_West_Company" title="North West Company">North West Company</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Spokane_House" title="Spokane House">Spokane House</a> in 1810. This trading post was the first long-term European settlement in Washington. Completion of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Pacific_Railway" title="Northern Pacific Railway">Northern Pacific Railway</a> in 1881 brought many settlers from America to the Spokane area. The same year it was officially incorporated as a city under the name of Spokane Falls (it was re-incorporated under its current name ten years later).<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In the late 19th century, gold and silver were discovered in the Inland Northwest. The local economy depended on mining, timber, and agriculture until the 1980s. Spokane hosted the first environmentally themed <a href="/wiki/World%27s_fair" title="World's fair">World's fair</a> at <a href="/wiki/Expo_%2774" title="Expo '74">Expo '74</a>. Many of the downtown area's older <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanesque Revival">Romanesque Revival</a>-style buildings were designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Kirtland_Cutter" title="Kirtland Cutter">Kirtland Kelsey Cutter</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Great_Spokane_Fire" title="Great Spokane Fire">Great Fire of 1889</a>. The city is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Park_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Riverfront Park (Spokane, Washington)">Riverfront</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manito_Park_and_Botanical_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Manito Park and Botanical Gardens">Manito</a> parks, the Smithsonian-affiliated <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Museum_of_Arts_and_Culture" title="Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture">Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Davenport_Hotel_(Spokane)" class="mw-redirect" title="Davenport Hotel (Spokane)">Davenport Hotel</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Fox_Theater_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Fox Theater (Spokane, Washington)">Fox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby_Theater" title="Bing Crosby Theater">Bing Crosby</a> theaters. The <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes (Spokane, Washington)">Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Cathedra" title="Cathedra">seat</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Spokane" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane">Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._John_the_Evangelist_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist (Spokane, Washington)">Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist</a> serves as that of the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Spokane" title="Episcopal Diocese of Spokane">Episcopal Diocese of Spokane</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Washington_Temple" title="Spokane Washington Temple">Spokane Washington Temple</a> in the east of the county serves <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_University" title="Gonzaga University">Gonzaga University</a> was established in 1887 by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuits</a>, and the private <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian Church">Presbyterian</a> <a href="/wiki/Whitworth_University" title="Whitworth University">Whitworth University</a> was founded three years later and moved to north Spokane in 1914. In sports, the region's professional and semi-professional sports teams include the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Indians" title="Spokane Indians">Spokane Indians</a> in <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Chiefs" title="Spokane Chiefs">Spokane Chiefs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hockey_League" title="Western Hockey League">Western Hockey League</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Velocity" title="Spokane Velocity">Spokane Velocity</a> in <a href="/wiki/USL_League_One" title="USL League One">USL League One</a> with a women's first division team <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Zephyr_FC" title="Spokane Zephyr FC">Spokane Zephyr FC</a> in <a href="/wiki/USL_Super_League" title="USL Super League">USL Super League</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_Bulldogs" title="Gonzaga Bulldogs">Gonzaga Bulldogs</a> collegiate basketball team competes at the <a href="/wiki/Division_I_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division I (NCAA)">Division I</a> level. As of 2010, Spokane's major daily newspaper, <a href="/wiki/The_Spokesman-Review" title="The Spokesman-Review">The Spokesman-Review</a>, had a daily circulation of over 76,000. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spokane,_Washington" title="History of Spokane, Washington">History of Spokane, Washington</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Spokane,_Washington" title="Timeline of Spokane, Washington">Timeline of Spokane, Washington</a>.</div> The first humans to live in the Spokane area were <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherers</a> that lived off plentiful fish and game; early human remains have been dated to 8,000 to 13,000 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-Ruby_p._5-17">[17]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Spokane_people" title="Spokane people">Spokane</a> tribe, after which the city is named (the name meaning "children of the sun" or "sun people" in <a href="/wiki/Montana_Salish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana Salish language">Salishan</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Phillips-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Spukcane-19">[19]</a><a href="#endnote_Spukcane">[a]</a> are believed to be either their direct descendants, or descendants of people from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ruby_5-6-20">[20]</a> When asked by early white explorers, the Spokanes said their ancestors came from "up North."<a href="#cite_note-Ruby_p._5-17">[17]</a> Early in the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Fur_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Fur Company">Northwest Fur Company</a> sent two white fur trappers west of the Rocky Mountains to search for <a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">fur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> These were the first white men met by the Spokanes, who believed they were sacred, and set the trappers up in the <a href="/wiki/Colville_River_(Washington)" title="Colville River (Washington)">Colville River</a> valley for the winter.<a href="#cite_note-Ruby_35-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trading_post">Trading post</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Trading post">edit</a>]</div> The explorer-geographer <a href="/wiki/David_Thompson_(explorer)" title="David Thompson (explorer)">David Thompson</a>, working as head of the <a href="/wiki/North_West_Company" title="North West Company">North West Company</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia Department">Columbia Department</a>, became the first European to explore the Inland Empire (now called the <a href="/wiki/Inland_Northwest_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inland Northwest (United States)">Inland Northwest</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Stratton19-23">[23]</a> Crossing what is now the Canada–US border from <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, Thompson wanted to expand the North West Company further south in search of furs. After establishing the <a href="/wiki/Kullyspell_House" title="Kullyspell House">Kullyspell House</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saleesh_House" title="Saleesh House">Saleesh House</a> trading posts in what are now Idaho and Montana, Thompson then attempted to expand further west. He sent out two trappers, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Raphael_Finlay" title="Jacques Raphael Finlay">Jacques Raphael Finlay</a> and Finan McDonald, to construct a <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trading post</a> on the Spokane River, which flows west from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Coeur_d%27Alene" title="Lake Coeur d'Alene">Lake Coeur d'Alene</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a>, and trade with the local Indians.<a href="#cite_note-SpokaneH-24">[24]</a> This post was established in 1810, at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Little_Spokane_River" title="Little Spokane River">Little Spokane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spokane_River" title="Spokane River">Spokane</a> rivers, becoming the first enduring European settlement of significance in what later became Washington state.<a href="#cite_note-Stratton19-23">[23]</a> Known as the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_House" title="Spokane House">Spokane House</a>, or simply "Spokane", it was in operation from 1810 to 1826.<a href="#cite_note-Phillips-18">[18]</a> Operations were run by the British North West Company and later the <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a>, and the post was the headquarters of the fur trade between the Rocky and Cascade mountains for 16 years. After the latter business absorbed the North West Company in 1821, the major operations at the Spokane House were eventually shifted north to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Colville" title="Fort Colville">Fort Colville</a>, reducing the post's significance.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spokane_Falls_1888.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lithograph depicting the Spokane falls in 1888" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Spokane_Falls_1888.jpg/220px-Spokane_Falls_1888.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Spokane_Falls_1888.jpg/330px-Spokane_Falls_1888.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Spokane_Falls_1888.jpg/440px-Spokane_Falls_1888.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1117" data-file-height="730" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Falls" title="Spokane Falls">Spokane Falls</a> in 1888</figcaption></figure> In 1836, Reverend <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Parker_(missionary)" title="Samuel Parker (missionary)">Samuel Parker</a> visited the area and reported that around 800 Native Americans were living in Spokane Falls.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Whitman_Mission_National_Historic_Site" title="Whitman Mission National Historic Site">medical mission</a> was established by <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Whitman" title="Marcus Whitman">Marcus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narcissa_Whitman" title="Narcissa Whitman">Narcissa Whitman</a> to cater for <a href="/wiki/Cayuse_people" title="Cayuse people">Cayuse</a> Indians and hikers of the Oregon Trail at <a href="/wiki/Walla_Walla,_Washington" title="Walla Walla, Washington">Walla Walla</a> in the south.<a href="#cite_note-Essay10777-27">[27]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Whitman_massacre" title="Whitman massacre">the Whitmans were killed</a> by Indians in 1847, Reverend <a href="/wiki/Cushing_Eells" title="Cushing Eells">Cushing Eells</a> established <a href="/wiki/Whitman_College" title="Whitman College">Whitman College</a> in their memory, also setting up the <a href="/wiki/Tshimakain_Mission" title="Tshimakain Mission">first church</a> in the Spokane area.<a href="#cite_note-Essay10777-27">[27]</a> In 1853, two years after the establishment of the Washington Territory, the first governor, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stevens" title="Isaac Stevens">Isaac Stevens</a>, made an initial effort to make a treaty with <a href="/wiki/Chief_Garry" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Garry">Chief Garry</a> and the Spokanes at Antoine Plantes' Ferry, not far from <a href="/wiki/Millwood,_Washington" title="Millwood, Washington">Millwood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> After the last campaign of the <a href="/wiki/Yakima_War" title="Yakima War">Yakima Indian War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene_War" title="Coeur d'Alene War">Coeur d'Alene War</a> of 1858 was brought to a close by the actions of Col. <a href="/wiki/George_Wright_(general)" title="George Wright (general)">George Wright</a>, who won decisive victories against a confederation of tribes in engagements at the battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Four_Lakes" title="Battle of Four Lakes">Four Lakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spokane_Plains" title="Battle of Spokane Plains">Spokane Plains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The cessation of hostilities opened the inter-mountain valley of the Pacific Northwest to colonial expansion and safe habitation by settlers.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_settlement">American settlement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: American settlement">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpokaneMap1890GiesAndCompanyofBuffaloNew_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Spokane Falls in 1890" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/SpokaneMap1890GiesAndCompanyofBuffaloNew_York.jpg/220px-SpokaneMap1890GiesAndCompanyofBuffaloNew_York.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/SpokaneMap1890GiesAndCompanyofBuffaloNew_York.jpg/330px-SpokaneMap1890GiesAndCompanyofBuffaloNew_York.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/SpokaneMap1890GiesAndCompanyofBuffaloNew_York.jpg/440px-SpokaneMap1890GiesAndCompanyofBuffaloNew_York.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption>Spokane Falls, 1890</figcaption></figure> Joint American–British occupation of <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a>, in effect since the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_1818" title="Treaty of 1818">Treaty of 1818</a>, eventually led to the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Boundary_Dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Boundary Dispute">Oregon Boundary Dispute</a> after a large influx of American settlers along the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a>. Great Britain ceded its claims to lands in <a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound" title="Puget Sound">Puget Sound</a> and the central and lower Columbia Basin by the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Treaty" title="Oregon Treaty">Oregon Treaty</a> of 1846. The Hudson's Bay Company wound up its operations in the area over the next few years. In what is now Spokane, the first American settlers were J.J. Downing and S.R. Scranton, cattle ranchers who <a href="/wiki/Squatters" class="mw-redirect" title="Squatters">squatted</a> and established a claim at Spokane Falls in 1871.<a href="#cite_note-p._19-33">[33]</a> Together they built a small sawmill on a claim near the south bank of the falls.<a href="#cite_note-p._19-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_N._Glover" title="James N. Glover">James N. Glover</a> and Jasper Matheney, Oregonians passing through the region in 1873, recognized the value of the Spokane River and its falls for the purpose of water power.<a href="#cite_note-p._19-33">[33]</a> They realized the investment potential and bought the claims of 160 acres (65 ha) and the sawmill from Downing and Scranton for a total of $4,000.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Glover and Matheney knew that the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Pacific_Railroad_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Pacific Railroad Company">Northern Pacific Railroad Company</a> had received a government charter to build a main line across this <a href="/wiki/Northern_Transcon" title="Northern Transcon">northern route</a>.<a href="#cite_note-p._19-33">[33]</a> Amid many delays in construction and uncertainty over the completion of the railroad and its exact course, Matheney sold his interest in the claim to Glover.<a href="#cite_note-p._20-36">[36]</a><a href="#endnote_Glover">[b]</a> Glover confidently held on to his claim and became a successful Spokane business owner and the city's second mayor.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> He later came to be known as the "Father of Spokane".<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In 1880, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Spokane" title="Fort Spokane">Fort Spokane</a> was established by U.S. Army troops under Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Merriam" title="Henry C. Merriam">Henry C. Merriam</a> 56 miles (90 km) northwest of Spokane, at the junction of the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia</a> and Spokane Rivers, to protect the construction of the Northern Pacific Railway and secure a place for U.S. settlement.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> By June 30, 1881, the railway reached the city, bringing major European settlement to the area.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The city was officially incorporated with a population of about 1,000 residents on November 29, 1881.<a href="#cite_note-Durham_p._362-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Incorporation-43">[43]</a><a href="#endnote_incorp">[c]</a> When Spokane was officially incorporated in 1881, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Forrest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert W. Forrest (page does not exist)">Robert W. Forrest</a> was elected as the first mayor of the city, with a Council of seven, S.G. Havermale, A.M. Cannon, Dr. L.H. Whitehouse, L.W. Rima, F.R. Moore, George A. Davis, and W.C. Gray, all serving without pay.<a href="#cite_note-Durham_p._362-42">[42]</a> The marketing campaigns of transportation companies with affordable fertile land to sell along their trade routes lured many settlers into the region they dubbed "Spokane Country".<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Railroads-45">[45]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spokane-chronicle-great-fire-1889.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The makeshift Daily Chronicle office after The Great Fire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Spokane-chronicle-great-fire-1889.jpg/220px-Spokane-chronicle-great-fire-1889.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Spokane-chronicle-great-fire-1889.jpg/330px-Spokane-chronicle-great-fire-1889.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Spokane-chronicle-great-fire-1889.jpg/440px-Spokane-chronicle-great-fire-1889.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2758" data-file-height="1637" /></a><figcaption>The makeshift Daily Chronicle office after The Great Fire</figcaption></figure> The 1883 discovery of gold, silver, and lead in the Coeur d'Alene region of northern Idaho lured prospectors.<a href="#cite_note-p._28-46">[46]</a> The Inland Empire erupted with numerous mining rushes from 1883 to 1892.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Mining and <a href="/wiki/Smelting" title="Smelting">smelting</a> emerged as a major stimulus to Spokane. At the onset of the initial 1883 <a href="/wiki/Gold_rush" title="Gold rush">gold rush</a> in the nearby <a href="/wiki/Silver_Valley,_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Valley, Idaho">Coeur d'Alene mining district</a>, Spokane became popular with prospectors, offering low prices on everything "from a horse to a frying pan".<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> It would keep this status for subsequent <a href="/wiki/Silver_rush" title="Silver rush">rushes</a> in the region due to its trade center status and accessibility to railroad infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#endnote_Transport">[d]</a> Spokane's growth continued unabated until August 4, 1889, when a fire, now known as <a href="/wiki/Great_Spokane_Fire" title="Great Spokane Fire">The Great Fire</a> (not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_1910" title="Great Fire of 1910">Great Fire of 1910</a>, which happened nearby), began just after 6:00 p.m., and destroyed the city's downtown commercial district.<a href="#cite_note-GreatSpokaneFire-50">[50]</a> Due to technical problems with a pump station, there was no water pressure in the city when the fire started.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In a desperate bid to starve the fire, firefighters began razing buildings with dynamite. Eventually, the winds and the fire died down; 32 blocks of Spokane's downtown core had been destroyed and one person was killed.<a href="#cite_note-GreatSpokaneFire-50">[50]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpokaneFalls1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The city of Spokane Falls circa 1895" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/SpokaneFalls1895.jpg/220px-SpokaneFalls1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/SpokaneFalls1895.jpg/330px-SpokaneFalls1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/SpokaneFalls1895.jpg/440px-SpokaneFalls1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>Spokane ca. 1895</figcaption></figure> Despite this catastrophe, and in part because of it, Spokane experienced a building boom.<a href="#cite_note-Schmeltzer_44-52">[52]</a><a href="#endnote_investment">[e]</a> The downtown was rebuilt, and the city was reincorporated under the present name of "Spokane" in 1891.<a href="#cite_note-Incorporation-43">[43]</a> According to historian David H. Stratton, "From the late 1890s to about 1912, a great flurry of construction created a modern urban profile of office buildings, banks, department stores, hotels and other commercial institutions" which stretched from the Spokane River to the site of the Northern Pacific railroad tracks below the South Hill.<a href="#cite_note-Creighton7-53">[53]</a> Yet the rebuilding and development of the city was far from smooth: between 1889 and 1896 alone, all six bridges over the Spokane River were destroyed by floods before their completion.<a href="#cite_note-Creighton7-53">[53]</a> In the 1890s the city was subject to intrastate migration by African-Americans from <a href="/wiki/Roslyn,_Washington" title="Roslyn, Washington">Roslyn</a>, looking for work after the closure of the area's mines. Two African-American churches, Calvary Baptist and Bethel African Methodist Episcopal, were founded in 1890.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Just three years after the fire, in 1892, <a href="/wiki/James_J._Hill" title="James J. Hill">James J. Hill</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Railway_(U.S.)" title="Great Northern Railway (U.S.)">Great Northern Railway</a> arrived in the chosen site for Hill's <a href="/wiki/Classification_yard" title="Classification yard">rail yards</a>, the newly created township of <a href="/wiki/Hillyard,_Spokane,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillyard, Spokane, Washington">Hillyard</a> (annexed by Spokane in 1924).<a href="#cite_note-Hillyard-55">[55]</a> Spokane became an important rail shipping and transportation hub for the Inland Empire, connecting mines in the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Valley,_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Valley, Idaho">Silver Valley</a> with agricultural areas around the <a href="/wiki/Palouse" title="Palouse">Palouse</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-Railroads-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmeltzerp.41-56">[56]</a> The city's population ballooned to 19,922 in 1890, and to 36,848 in 1900 with the arrival of additional railroads.<a href="#cite_note-Schmeltzer_44-52">[52]</a> By 1910 the population had hit 104,000, and Spokane eclipsed <a href="/wiki/Walla_Walla,_Washington" title="Walla Walla, Washington">Walla Walla</a> as the commercial center of the Inland Empire.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In time the city came to be known as the "capital" of the Inland Empire and the heart of a vast tributary region.<a href="#cite_note-p._28-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Malone-58">[58]</a> After the arrival of the Northern Pacific, <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific</a>, Great Northern, and <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Milwaukee,_St._Paul_and_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific">Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific</a> railroads, Spokane became one of the most important rail centers in the western U.S.<a href="#cite_note-Schmeltzer_44-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-Malone-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_20th_century">Early 20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MonroeStreetBridgea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Construction of the Monroe Street Bridge, August 3, 1911" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/MonroeStreetBridgea.jpg/450px-MonroeStreetBridgea.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/MonroeStreetBridgea.jpg/675px-MonroeStreetBridgea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/MonroeStreetBridgea.jpg/900px-MonroeStreetBridgea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3617" data-file-height="735" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Street_Bridge_(Spokane_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monroe Street Bridge (Spokane River)">Monroe Street Bridge</a>, 1911</figcaption></figure> Expansion abruptly stopped in the 1910s and was followed by a period of population decline,<a href="#cite_note-Stagnation-61">[61]</a> due in large part to Spokane's slowing economy. Control of regional mines and resources became increasingly dominated by national corporations rather than local people and organizations, diverting capital outside of Spokane and decreasing growth and investment opportunities in the city.<a href="#cite_note-Stagnation-61">[61]</a> During this time of stagnation, unrest was prevalent among the area's unemployed, who became victimized by "job sharks", who charged a fee for signing up workers in the logging camps. Job sharks and employment agencies were known to cheat itinerant workers, sometimes paying bribes to periodically fire entire work crews, thus generating repetitive fees for themselves.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Crime spiked in the 1890s and 1900s,<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> with eruptions of violent activity involving unions such as the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a> (IWW), or "Wobblies" as they were often known, whose <a href="/wiki/Free_speech_fights#Spokane_free_speech_fight" title="Free speech fights">free speech fights</a> had begun to garner national attention.<a href="#cite_note-p._52-65">[65]</a> Now, with grievances concerning the unethical practices of the employment agencies, they initiated a free speech fight in September 1908 by purposely breaking a city ordinance on <a href="/wiki/Soapbox" title="Soapbox">soapboxing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-p._52-65">[65]</a> With IWW encouragement, union members from many western states came to Spokane to take part in what had become a publicity stunt. Many Wobblies were incarcerated, including feminist labor leader <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Gurley_Flynn" title="Elizabeth Gurley Flynn">Elizabeth Gurley Flynn</a>, who published her account in the local <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Worker" title="Industrial Worker">Industrial Worker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-p._52-65">[65]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Riverside_Ave,_Spokane,_Washington,_ca_1923_(WASTATE_448).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Riverside Avenue c. 1923" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Riverside_Ave%2C_Spokane%2C_Washington%2C_ca_1923_%28WASTATE_448%29.jpeg/220px-Riverside_Ave%2C_Spokane%2C_Washington%2C_ca_1923_%28WASTATE_448%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Riverside_Ave%2C_Spokane%2C_Washington%2C_ca_1923_%28WASTATE_448%29.jpeg/330px-Riverside_Ave%2C_Spokane%2C_Washington%2C_ca_1923_%28WASTATE_448%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Riverside_Ave%2C_Spokane%2C_Washington%2C_ca_1923_%28WASTATE_448%29.jpeg/440px-Riverside_Ave%2C_Spokane%2C_Washington%2C_ca_1923_%28WASTATE_448%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="609" /></a><figcaption>Riverside Avenue c. 1923</figcaption></figure> After mining declined at the turn of the 20th century, agriculture and logging became the primary influences in the Spokane economy.<a href="#cite_note-Kenselp.25-66">[66]</a> The population explosion and the building of homes, railroads, and mines in northern Idaho and southern British Columbia fueled the logging industry.<a href="#cite_note-Kenselp.25-66">[66]</a> Although overshadowed in importance by the vast timbered areas on the coastal regions west of the Cascades, and burdened with monopolistic rail freight rates and stiff competition, Spokane became a noted leader in the manufacture of doors, <a href="/wiki/Sash_window" title="Sash window">window sashes</a>, blinds, and other <a href="/wiki/Planing_mill" title="Planing mill">planing mill</a> products.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Rail freight rates were much higher in Spokane than the rates in coastal <a href="/wiki/Seaport" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport">seaport</a> cities such as Seattle and Portland, so much so that <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> merchants could ship goods first to Seattle and then back to Spokane for less than shipping directly to Spokane, even though the rail line ran through Spokane on the way to the coast.<a href="#cite_note-Malone-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#endnote_Hepburn">[f]</a> The Inland Northwest region has also long been associated with farming, especially <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> production.<a href="#cite_note-p._119-69">[69]</a> Initially, the Palouse was thought to be unsuitable for wheat production due to the hilly terrain, believing wheat could not be cultivated on the tops of the hills, but the region showed great promise for wheat production when it began in the late 1850s in part due to the hilltops.<a href="#cite_note-p._119-69">[69]</a> The Palouse was and still is a <a href="/wiki/Breadbasket" title="Breadbasket">breadbasket</a> and was able to develop and grow with the completion of several railroad networks as well as a highway system that began to center around the city of Spokane, aiding farmers from around the region in distributing their products to market.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Inland Empire farmers exported wheat, livestock and other agricultural products to ports such as New York, Liverpool and Tokyo.<a href="#cite_note-p._127-71">[71]</a> Local morale was affected for years by the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Division_Street_Bridge_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Division Street Bridge (Spokane, Washington)">Division Street Bridge</a> early in the morning on December 15, 1915, which killed five people and injured over 20, but a new bridge was built (eventually replaced in 1994).<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The 1920 census showed a net increase of just 35 individuals, which actually indicates that thousands left the city when considering the natural growth rate of a population.<a href="#cite_note-Stagnation-61">[61]</a> Growth in the 1920s and 1930s remained slow but less drastically so, forcing city boosters to market the city as a quiet, comfortable place suitable for raising a family rather than a dynamic community full of opportunity.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> The Inland Empire was heavily dependent on natural resources and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extractive" class="extiw" title="wikt:extractive">extractive</a> goods produced from mines, forests, and farms, which experienced a fall in demand.<a href="#cite_note-p._38-74">[74]</a> The situation improved slightly with the start of World War II as aluminum production commenced in Spokane due to the area's cheap electricity (produced from regional dams) and the increased demand for airplanes.<a href="#cite_note-p._38-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_half_of_the_20th_century">Second half of the 20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second half of the 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Expo_%2774,_Spokane,_Washington,_looking_northeast.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Expo '74 in Riverfront Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Expo_%2774%2C_Spokane%2C_Washington%2C_looking_northeast.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Expo_%2774%2C_Spokane%2C_Washington%2C_looking_northeast.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Expo_%2774%2C_Spokane%2C_Washington%2C_looking_northeast.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Expo_%2774%2C_Spokane%2C_Washington%2C_looking_northeast.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Expo_%2774%2C_Spokane%2C_Washington%2C_looking_northeast.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Expo_%2774%2C_Spokane%2C_Washington%2C_looking_northeast.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="1928" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Expo_%2774" title="Expo '74">Expo '74</a> in <a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Park_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Riverfront Park (Spokane, Washington)">Riverfront Park</a></figcaption></figure> After decades of stagnation and slow growth, Spokane businessmen formed Spokane Unlimited in the early 1960s, an organization that sought to revitalize downtown Spokane.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> A recreation park showcasing the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Falls" title="Spokane Falls">Spokane Falls</a> was the preferred option, and after successful negotiation to relocate the railroad facilities on Havermale Island,<a href="#cite_note-WorldsFair-76">[76]</a> they executed on a proposal to host the first <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmentally</a> themed <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="World's Fair">World's Fair</a> in <a href="/wiki/Expo_%2774" title="Expo '74">Expo '74</a> on May 4, becoming the smallest city at the time to host a World's Fair.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-CC-78">[78]</a> This event transformed Spokane's downtown, removing a century of railroad infrastructure and re-inventing the urban core. After Expo '74, the fairgrounds became the 100-acre (40 ha) Riverfront Park.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The growth witnessed in the late 1970s and early 1980s was interrupted by another U.S. recession in 1981, in which silver, timber, and farm prices dropped.<a href="#cite_note-Diverse-80">[80]</a> The period of decline for the city lasted into the 1990s and was also marked by a loss of many steady family-wage jobs in the manufacturing sector.<a href="#cite_note-Thumbnail-81">[81]</a> At this time, market forces began to impact the local <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Aluminum" title="Kaiser Aluminum">Kaiser Aluminum</a> plant and layoffs, pension cuts, a 1998-1999 labor strike, and eventually bankruptcy in 2002 followed.<a href="#cite_note-Essay10119-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thumbnail-81">[81]</a> Although this was a tough period, Spokane's economy had started to benefit from some measure of economic diversification; growing companies such as <a href="/wiki/Key_Tronic" title="Key Tronic">Key Tronic</a> and other research, marketing, and assembly plants for technology companies helped lessen Spokane's dependence on natural resources.<a href="#cite_note-Diverse-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpokaneSkywalks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Spokane's skywalk network is among the nation's most extensive" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/SpokaneSkywalks.jpg/220px-SpokaneSkywalks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/SpokaneSkywalks.jpg/330px-SpokaneSkywalks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/SpokaneSkywalks.jpg/440px-SpokaneSkywalks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Spokane has an extensive <a href="/wiki/Skywalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Skywalk">Skywalk</a> network</figcaption></figure> As of 2014, Spokane is still trying to make the transition to a more <a href="/wiki/Service_economy" title="Service economy">service-oriented economy</a> in the face of a less prominent manufacturing sector.<a href="#cite_note-Thumbnail-81">[81]</a> Developing the city's strength in the medical and health sciences fields has seen some success, resulting in the expansion of the University District with two medical school branches.<a href="#cite_note-WWAMI-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElsonSFloyd-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The city faces challenges such as a scarcity of high-paying jobs, pockets of poverty, and areas of high crime.<a href="#cite_note-Thumbnail-81">[81]</a> The opening of the <a href="/wiki/River_Park_Square" title="River Park Square">River Park Square</a> in 1999 served as a <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">catalyst</a> and sparked a downtown rebirth that included the building of the Spokane Arena and expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Convention_Center" title="Spokane Convention Center">Spokane Convention Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thumbnail-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Other major projects include the building of the Big Easy concert house (now the <a href="/wiki/Knitting_Factory" title="Knitting Factory">Knitting Factory</a>) and renovation of the historic <a href="/wiki/Montvale_Hotel" title="Montvale Hotel">Montvale Hotel</a>, the Kirtland Cutter-designed Davenport Hotel (after being vacant for over 20 years), the Fox Theater (now home to the Spokane Symphony)<a href="#cite_note-Davenport-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fox-88">[88]</a> as well as the completion of the WSU Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Building in 2013 and the Davenport Grand Hotel in 2015, <a href="/wiki/Ridpath_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ridpath Hotel">Ridpath Hotel</a> in 2018 and the ongoing renovation of <a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Park_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Riverfront Park (Spokane, Washington)">Riverfront Park</a> (as of May 2019).<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-RPreno-91">[91]</a> The Kendall Yards development on the west side of downtown Spokane is one of the largest construction projects in the city's history. Directly across the Spokane River from downtown, it will blend residential and retail space with plazas and walking trails.<a href="#cite_note-Thumbnail-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Topography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spokane_at_night_20071003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Spokane skyline at night from the southwest in Palisades Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Spokane_at_night_20071003.jpg/475px-Spokane_at_night_20071003.jpg" decoding="async" width="475" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Spokane_at_night_20071003.jpg/713px-Spokane_at_night_20071003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Spokane_at_night_20071003.jpg/950px-Spokane_at_night_20071003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3002" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption>Spokane at night from the west, with <a href="/wiki/Krell_Hill" title="Krell Hill">Krell Hill</a> silhouetted by radio antennas</figcaption></figure> Spokane is located on the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_River" title="Spokane River">Spokane River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Washington" title="Eastern Washington">eastern Washington</a> at an elevation of 1,843 feet (562 m) above sea level,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> about 18 miles (29 km) from <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>, 92 miles (148 km) south of the <a href="/wiki/Metaline_Falls-Nelway_Border_Crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaline Falls-Nelway Border Crossing">Canadian border</a>, 229 miles (369 km) due east of Seattle, and 279 miles (449 km) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The lowest elevation in the city of Spokane is the northernmost point of the Spokane River within city limits (in <a href="/wiki/Riverside_State_Park" title="Riverside State Park">Riverside State Park</a>) at 1,608 feet (490 m); the highest elevation is on the northeast side, near the community of <a href="/wiki/Hillyard,_Spokane,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillyard, Spokane, Washington">Hillyard</a> (though closer to Beacon Hill and the North Hill Reservoir) at 2,591 feet (790 m).<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Spokane is part of the <a href="/wiki/Inland_Northwest_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inland Northwest (United States)">Inland Northwest</a> region, consisting of eastern Washington, <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho Panhandle">north Idaho</a>, northwestern <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, and northeastern <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The city has a total area of 60.02 square miles (155.45 km2), of which 59.25 square miles (153.46 km2) is land and 0.77 square miles (1.99 km2) is water.<a href="#cite_note-Gazetteer_files-96">[96]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Upper_Spokane_Falls_20080524.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Spokane River rushes past Canada island in Riverfront Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Upper_Spokane_Falls_20080524.jpg/260px-Upper_Spokane_Falls_20080524.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Upper_Spokane_Falls_20080524.jpg/390px-Upper_Spokane_Falls_20080524.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Upper_Spokane_Falls_20080524.jpg/520px-Upper_Spokane_Falls_20080524.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The Upper <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Falls" title="Spokane Falls">Spokane Falls</a> of the Spokane River flowing by Canada island</figcaption></figure> Spokane lies mostly within the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Valley" title="Spokane Valley">Spokane Valley</a> Outwash Plains at the periphery of the <a href="/wiki/North_Central_Rockies_forests" title="North Central Rockies forests">North Central Rockies forests</a> ecoregion and partly within the eastern edge of the basaltic <a href="/wiki/Channeled_Scablands" title="Channeled Scablands">Channeled Scablands</a> steppe of the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Plateau_(ecoregion)" title="Columbia Plateau (ecoregion)">Columbia Plateau</a> ecoregion, a plain that eventually rises sharply to the east towards the rugged, timbered <a href="/wiki/Selkirk_Mountains" title="Selkirk Mountains">Selkirk Mountains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NWS-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-ecoregion-98">[98]</a> The foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rockies</a>—the <a href="/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene_Mountains" title="Coeur d'Alene Mountains">Coeur d'Alene Mountains</a>—rise about 25 miles (40 km) to the east in north Idaho. The city is in a transition area between the barren landscape of the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River_Drainage_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia River Drainage Basin">Columbia Basin</a> and the coniferous forests to the east; to the south are the lush <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairies</a> and rolling hills of the <a href="/wiki/Palouse" title="Palouse">Palouse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ecoregion-98">[98]</a> The highest peak in Spokane County is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Spokane" title="Mount Spokane">Mount Spokane</a>, at an elevation of 5,883 feet (1,793 m), on the eastern side of the Selkirk Mountains.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The Spokane River is the area's most prominent water feature, a 111-mile (179 km) tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a>, originating from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Coeur_d%27Alene" title="Lake Coeur d'Alene">Lake Coeur d'Alene</a> in northern Idaho.<a href="#cite_note-Soltero-100">[100]</a> The river flows west across the Washington state line through downtown Spokane, meeting <a href="/wiki/Latah_Creek" title="Latah Creek">Latah Creek</a>, then turns to the northwest, where it is joined by the <a href="/wiki/Little_Spokane_River" title="Little Spokane River">Little Spokane River</a> on its way to the Columbia River, north of <a href="/wiki/Davenport,_Washington" title="Davenport, Washington">Davenport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Soltero-100">[100]</a> The Channeled Scablands and many of the area's numerous large lakes, such as Lake Coeur d'Alene and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pend_Oreille" title="Lake Pend Oreille">Lake Pend Oreille</a>, were formed by the <a href="/wiki/Missoula_Floods" class="mw-redirect" title="Missoula Floods">Missoula Floods</a> after the ice-dammed <a href="/wiki/Glacial_Lake_Missoula" title="Glacial Lake Missoula">Glacial Lake Missoula</a> ruptured at the end of the last ice age.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Turnbull_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge">Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge</a> south of Cheney is the closest natural reserve, the closest National Forest is the <a href="/wiki/Colville_National_Forest" title="Colville National Forest">Colville National Forest</a>, the closest <a href="/wiki/National_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="National Recreation Area">National Recreation Area</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Roosevelt_National_Recreation_Area" title="Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area">Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area</a> and the closest national park is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Rainier_National_Park" title="Mount Rainier National Park">Mount Rainier National Park</a>, approximately a four-and-a-half hour drive from Spokane. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cityscape">edit</a>]</div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:SpokaneDTPanorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of Downtown Spokane looking north from the Deaconess Medical Center parking garage."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/SpokaneDTPanorama.jpg/1300px-SpokaneDTPanorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="1300" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/SpokaneDTPanorama.jpg/1950px-SpokaneDTPanorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/SpokaneDTPanorama.jpg/2600px-SpokaneDTPanorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3575" data-file-height="700" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:SpokaneDTPanorama.jpg" title="File:SpokaneDTPanorama.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of Downtown Spokane looking north from the Deaconess Medical Center parking garage.</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:SpokaneCliffDrive_Dec_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of Downtown Spokane looking north from Cliff Drive."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SpokaneCliffDrive_Dec_2015.jpg/1300px-SpokaneCliffDrive_Dec_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="1300" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SpokaneCliffDrive_Dec_2015.jpg/1950px-SpokaneCliffDrive_Dec_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SpokaneCliffDrive_Dec_2015.jpg/2600px-SpokaneCliffDrive_Dec_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7500" data-file-height="1705" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:SpokaneCliffDrive_Dec_2015.jpg" title="File:SpokaneCliffDrive Dec 2015.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of Downtown Spokane looking north from Cliff Drive.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Neighborhoods">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Spokane,_Washington" title="Neighborhoods in Spokane, Washington">Neighborhoods in Spokane, Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Spokane" title="Downtown Spokane">Downtown Spokane</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MonroeStreetCorridorSpokane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Monroe Street corridor and surrounding Emerson-Garfield neighborhood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MonroeStreetCorridorSpokane.jpg/220px-MonroeStreetCorridorSpokane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MonroeStreetCorridorSpokane.jpg/330px-MonroeStreetCorridorSpokane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MonroeStreetCorridorSpokane.jpg/440px-MonroeStreetCorridorSpokane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a><figcaption>Monroe Street corridor and surrounding <a href="/wiki/Emerson/Garfield,_Spokane" title="Emerson/Garfield, Spokane">Emerson/Garfield</a> neighborhood</figcaption></figure> Spokane's neighborhoods range from the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a>-style South Hill and Browne's Addition, to the Davenport District of Downtown, to the more contemporary neighborhoods of north Spokane. Spokane's neighborhoods are gaining attention for their history, as illustrated by the city being home to 18 recognized <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register Historical Districts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CC-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Some of Spokane's best-known neighborhoods are <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Spokane,_Washington#Riverside" title="Neighborhoods in Spokane, Washington">Riverside</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Spokane,_Washington#Browne.27s_Addition" title="Neighborhoods in Spokane, Washington">Browne's Addition</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hillyard,_Spokane" title="Hillyard, Spokane">Hillyard</a>. The Riverside neighborhood consists primarily of downtown Spokane and is the central business district of Spokane. The neighborhoods south of downtown Spokane are collectively known as the South Hill. Downtown Spokane contains many of the city's public facilities, including City Hall, Riverfront Park (site of Expo '74), and the Spokane Convention Center, First Interstate Center for the Arts and Spokane Arena. The Spokane County Courthouse and public safety campus is adjacent to downtown in the historic <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Spokane,_Washington#West_Central" title="Neighborhoods in Spokane, Washington">West Central</a> neighborhood. To the east of downtown is <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Spokane,_Washington#East_Central" title="Neighborhoods in Spokane, Washington">East Central</a> and the adjacent <a href="/wiki/University_District_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="University District (Spokane, Washington)">University District</a> and budding "International District". To the west of downtown is one of Spokane's oldest and densest neighborhoods, Browne's Addition. A National Historic District west of Downtown, Browne's Addition was Spokane's first prestigious address, notable for its array of old mansions built by Spokane's early elite in the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Queen Anne style architecture in the United States">Queen Anne</a> and early <a href="/wiki/American_Craftsman" title="American Craftsman">American Craftsman</a> styles.<a href="#cite_note-BA-104">[104]</a> The area houses the Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture. In northeast Spokane, the Hillyard neighborhood began in 1892 as the chosen site for James J. Hill's Great Northern Railway yard, placed outside Spokane city limits to avoid "burdensome taxes".<a href="#cite_note-Hillyard-55">[55]</a> The downtown Hillyard Business District, located on Market Street, was the first Spokane neighborhood listed in the National Register of Historic Places.<a href="#cite_note-Hillyard-55">[55]</a> Many of the former town's houses were built to house railroad workers, mainly immigrant laborers working in the local yard, who gave Hillyard an independent, blue-collar character.<a href="#cite_note-Hillyard-55">[55]</a> Hillyard has become a home for much of Spokane's growing <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a> communities.<a href="#cite_note-Hillyard-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheTimes-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheSpokesman-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Architecture">Architecture</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Spokane,_Washington" title="Architecture of Spokane, Washington">Architecture of Spokane, Washington</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Commercial_and_public_buildings">Commercial and public buildings</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Commercial and public buildings">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_-_Spokane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Romanesque Revival-style Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes in Downtown Spokane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_-_Spokane.jpg/170px-Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_-_Spokane.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_-_Spokane.jpg/255px-Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_-_Spokane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_-_Spokane.jpg/340px-Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_-_Spokane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption>The Romanesque Revival-style <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes (Spokane, Washington)">Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes</a></figcaption></figure> Spokane neighborhoods contain a patchwork of architectural styles that give them a distinct identity and illustrate the changes throughout the city's history.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Most of Spokane's notable buildings and landmarks are in the Riverside neighborhood and the downtown commercial district, where many of the buildings were rebuilt after the Great Fire of 1889 in the <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanesque Revival">Romanesque Revival</a> style.<a href="#cite_note-GreatSpokaneFire-50">[50]</a> Examples include the Great Northern clock tower, Review Building, <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes (Spokane, Washington)">Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Congregational_Church_of_Spokane" class="mw-redirect" title="First Congregational Church of Spokane">First Congregational Church</a>, Washington Water Power <a href="/wiki/Post_Street_Electric_Substation" title="Post Street Electric Substation">Post Street substation</a>, Peyton Building, and The Carlyle.<a href="#cite_note-Emporis-108">[108]</a> The principal architect of many buildings of this period was <a href="/wiki/Kirtland_Cutter" title="Kirtland Cutter">Kirtland Kelsey Cutter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thumbnail-81">[81]</a> Self-taught, he came to Spokane in 1886, and began by designing "Chalet Hohenstein" for himself and other residences for his family, while also working as a bank teller.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Other structures designed by Cutter include the Spokane Club, Washington Water Power Substation, <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Street_Bridge_(Spokane_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monroe Street Bridge (Spokane River)">Monroe Street Bridge</a> (featured in the city seal), the <a href="/wiki/Central_Steam_Heat_Plant" title="Central Steam Heat Plant">Steam Plant</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Davenport_Hotel_(Spokane)" class="mw-redirect" title="Davenport Hotel (Spokane)">Davenport Hotel</a>. Built in renaissance and Spanish Revival style, the Davenport Hotel cost two million dollars to complete and included new technologies at the time of its opening in September 1914, such as chilled water, elevators, and air cooling.<a href="#cite_note-Davenport-87">[87]</a> In contemporary times, one of the city's foremost and influential architects has been Warren C. Heylman, who helped give the city a great breadth of mid-century architecture.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Heylman's career was most prolific during the 1960s and 1970s where his main body of work was done in the modernist style, designing numerous residential houses, apartment buildings, and architectural embellishments.<a href="#cite_note-Heylman-111">[111]</a> Some of his most noteworthy works in Spokane include <a href="/wiki/The_Parkade" class="mw-redirect" title="The Parkade">The Parkade</a>, Spokane International Airport, Spokane Regional Health Building, and the Burlington Northern Latah Creek Bridge over Hangman Valley.<a href="#cite_note-Heylman-111">[111]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Davenport_Hotel_(Spokane,_Washington).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kirtland Cutter's Renaissance Revival-style Davenport Hotel, widely considered his magnus opus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/The_Davenport_Hotel_%28Spokane%2C_Washington%29.jpg/220px-The_Davenport_Hotel_%28Spokane%2C_Washington%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/The_Davenport_Hotel_%28Spokane%2C_Washington%29.jpg/330px-The_Davenport_Hotel_%28Spokane%2C_Washington%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/The_Davenport_Hotel_%28Spokane%2C_Washington%29.jpg/440px-The_Davenport_Hotel_%28Spokane%2C_Washington%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The Renaissance Revival-style Davenport Hotel designed by Kirtland Cutter</figcaption></figure> Other well-represented architectural styles downtown include <a href="/wiki/Art_deco_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Art deco architecture">Art Deco</a> (Spokane City Hall, <a href="/wiki/August_Paulsen" title="August Paulsen">Paulsen Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox_Theater_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Fox Theater (Spokane, Washington)">Fox Theater</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_R._Rogers_High_School" title="John R. Rogers High School">John R. Rogers High School</a>, City Ramp Garage), <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance Revival">Renaissance Revival</a> (Steam Plant Square, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office,_Courthouse,_and_Custom_House_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="United States Post Office, Courthouse, and Custom House (Spokane, Washington)">Thomas S. Foley Courthouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Club_Building-Legion_Building" title="Spokane Club Building-Legion Building">Legion Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Marco_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="San Marco (Spokane, Washington)">San Marco</a>), <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> (Masonic Center, <a href="/wiki/Hutton_Building" title="Hutton Building">Hutton Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby_Theater" title="Bing Crosby Theater">Bing Crosby Theater</a>), <a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_(architecture)" title="Chicago school (architecture)">Chicago School</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_National_Bank_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Old National Bank Building">U.S. Bank Building</a>, Liberty Building, <a href="/wiki/Spokane_City_Hall_Building" title="Spokane City Hall Building">Old City Hall</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Modernism_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernism (architecture)">Modernist</a> (<a href="/wiki/Parkade_Plaza" title="Parkade Plaza">The Parkade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ridpath_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ridpath Hotel">Ridpath Hotel</a>, Bank of America Financial Center).<a href="#cite_note-Emporis-108">[108]</a> The <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Spokane" title="List of tallest buildings in Spokane">tallest building in the city</a>, at 288 feet (88 m), is the Bank of America Financial Center.<a href="#cite_note-Emporis-108">[108]</a> Also of note is the Spokane County Courthouse in West Central (the building on the seal of Spokane County), the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._John_the_Evangelist_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist (Spokane, Washington)">Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist</a> in Rockwood, the <a href="/wiki/Benewah_Milk_Bottle" title="Benewah Milk Bottle">Benewah Milk Bottles</a> in Riverside and Garland, Mount Saint Michael in Hillyard, and the <a href="/wiki/Cambern_Dutch_Shop_Windmill" title="Cambern Dutch Shop Windmill">Cambern Dutch Shop Windmill</a> in South Perry. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Residential">Residential</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Residential">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patsy_Clark_House_(Spokane,_WA)_(2877645119).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Patsy Clark Mansion in Browne's Addition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Patsy_Clark_House_%28Spokane%2C_WA%29_%282877645119%29.jpg/220px-Patsy_Clark_House_%28Spokane%2C_WA%29_%282877645119%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Patsy_Clark_House_%28Spokane%2C_WA%29_%282877645119%29.jpg/330px-Patsy_Clark_House_%28Spokane%2C_WA%29_%282877645119%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Patsy_Clark_House_%28Spokane%2C_WA%29_%282877645119%29.jpg/440px-Patsy_Clark_House_%28Spokane%2C_WA%29_%282877645119%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2847" data-file-height="1893" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Clark_Mansion" title="Patsy Clark Mansion">Patsy Clark Mansion</a> in Browne's Addition</figcaption></figure> As an early affluent Spokane neighborhood, the Browne's Addition neighborhood and residences contain the largest variety of residential architecture in the city.<a href="#cite_note-BA-104">[104]</a> These residences are lavish and personalized, featuring many architectural styles that were popular and trendy in the Pacific Northwest from the late 19th century to 1930, such as the Victorian and Queen Anne styles.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In high demand following his firms' design of the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Building_(Chicago_World%27s_Fair)" title="Idaho Building (Chicago World's Fair)">Idaho Building</a> at the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">Chicago World's Fair</a> in 1893, Cutter found work constructing many mansions for mining and railroad tycoons such as <a href="/wiki/Patsy_Clark_Mansion" title="Patsy Clark Mansion">Patrick "Patsy" Clark</a> and Daniel C. Corbin and son Austin.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The older neighborhoods of the early 20th century, such as West Central, East Central, <a href="/wiki/Logan,_Spokane" title="Logan, Spokane">Logan</a>, Hillyard, and much of the lower South Hill, feature a large concentration of American Craftsman style <a href="/wiki/Bungalow" title="Bungalow">bungalows</a>. In Hillyard, the most architecturally intact neighborhood in Spokane, 85 percent of these buildings are historic.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> As the city expanded mainly to the north in the middle of the 20th century, the bungalows in the "minimal traditional" style commonplace from the 1930s to the 1950s tend to predominate in the Northwest, North Hill, and <a href="/wiki/Bemiss,_Spokane" title="Bemiss, Spokane">Bemiss</a> neighborhoods. This architectural style occupies the neighborhoods where the integrity of Spokane's street grid pattern is largely intact (especially the areas north of downtown and south of Francis Ave.), and the houses have backyard <a href="/wiki/Alley" title="Alley">alleys</a> for carports, deliveries, and refuse collection. Contemporary suburbs and architecture are prevalent at the north and south edges of Spokane as well as in the new Kendall Yards neighborhood north of downtown.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parks_and_recreation">Parks and recreation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Parks and recreation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manito,_Spokane,_WA,_USA_-_panoramio_(22).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The European Duncan Garden in Manito Park and Botanical Gardens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Manito%2C_Spokane%2C_WA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2822%29.jpg/220px-Manito%2C_Spokane%2C_WA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2822%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Manito%2C_Spokane%2C_WA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2822%29.jpg/330px-Manito%2C_Spokane%2C_WA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2822%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Manito%2C_Spokane%2C_WA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2822%29.jpg/440px-Manito%2C_Spokane%2C_WA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2822%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4816" data-file-height="3086" /></a><figcaption>Duncan Garden at Manito Park</figcaption></figure> In 1907, Spokane's board of park commissioners retained the services of the <a href="/wiki/Olmsted_Brothers" title="Olmsted Brothers">Olmsted Brothers</a> to draw up a plan for Spokane's parks.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Much of Spokane's park land was acquired by the city prior to World War I, establishing it early on as a leader among Western cities in the development of a citywide park system.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Spokane has a system of over 87 parks totaling 4,100 acres (17 km2) and includes six neighborhood aquatic centers.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Some of the most notable parks in Spokane's system are <a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Park_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Riverfront Park (Spokane, Washington)">Riverfront Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manito_Park_and_Botanical_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Manito Park and Botanical Gardens">Manito Park and Botanical Gardens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riverside_State_Park" title="Riverside State Park">Riverside State Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Saint_Michael" title="Mount Saint Michael">Saint Michael's Mission State Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_A._Finch_Arboretum" title="John A. Finch Arboretum">John A. Finch Arboretum</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Bridge_Park" title="High Bridge Park">High Bridge Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Park_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Liberty Park (Spokane, Washington)">Liberty Park</a>. Riverfront Park, created after Expo '74 and occupying the same site, is 100 acres (40 ha) in downtown Spokane and the site of some of Spokane's largest events.<a href="#cite_note-Riverfront-121">[121]</a> The park has views of the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Falls" title="Spokane Falls">Spokane Falls</a> and holds a number of civic attractions, including a skyride, a rebuilt <a href="/wiki/Gondola_lift" title="Gondola lift">gondola lift</a> that carries visitors across the falls from high above the river gorge.<a href="#cite_note-Riverfront-121">[121]</a> The park also includes the historic hand-carved <a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Park_Carousel" title="Riverfront Park Carousel">Riverfront Park Looff carousel</a> created in 1909 by <a href="/wiki/Charles_I._D._Looff" title="Charles I. D. Looff">Charles I. D. Looff</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Riverfront-121">[121]</a> Riverfront Park is currently being renovated and modernized (as of October 2016).<a href="#cite_note-RPreno-91">[91]</a> Manito Park and Botanical Gardens on Spokane's South Hill features the Duncan Gardens, a classical <a href="/wiki/European_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="European Renaissance">European Renaissance</a>-style garden and the Nishinomiya Japanese Garden designed by <a href="/wiki/Nagao_Sakurai" title="Nagao Sakurai">Nagao Sakurai</a>. Riverside State Park, close to downtown, is a site for outdoor activities such as hiking, mountain biking, and horse riding.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The Spokane area has many trails and <a href="/wiki/Rail_trails" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail trails">rail trails</a>, the most notable of which is the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_River_Centennial_Trail" title="Spokane River Centennial Trail">Spokane River Centennial Trail</a>, which features over 37.5 miles (60.4 km) of paved trails running along the Spokane River from Spokane to the Idaho border.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> This trail continues on towards <a href="/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene,_Idaho" title="Coeur d'Alene, Idaho">Coeur d'Alene</a> for 24 miles (39 km) as the <a href="/wiki/North_Idaho_Centennial_Trail" title="North Idaho Centennial Trail">North Idaho Centennial Trail</a> and is often used for alternative transportation and recreational use. In the summer, it has long been popular to visit North Idaho's "Lake Country", such as <a href="/wiki/Lake_Coeur_d%27Alene" title="Lake Coeur d'Alene">Lake Coeur d'Alene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pend_Oreille" title="Lake Pend Oreille">Lake Pend Oreille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priest_Lake" title="Priest Lake">Priest Lake</a>, or one of the other nearby bodies of water and beaches.<a href="#cite_note-Thumbnail-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> In the winter, the public has access to five ski resorts within a couple hours of the city. The closest of these is the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Spokane" title="Mount Spokane">Mt. Spokane Ski and Snowboard Park</a>,<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> which has trails for cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, snowmobiling, and dog sledding.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Zoological parks in Spokane include <a href="/wiki/Cat_Tales_Zoological_Park" title="Cat Tales Zoological Park">Cat Tales Zoological Park</a>, a wildlife sanctuary primarily for big cats and the Blue Zoo an interactive aquarium in the <a href="/wiki/NorthTown_Mall_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="NorthTown Mall (Spokane, Washington)">NorthTown Mall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_Bellied_Marmot_(3516840552).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Yellow bellied marmot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Yellow_Bellied_Marmot_%283516840552%29.jpg/220px-Yellow_Bellied_Marmot_%283516840552%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Yellow_Bellied_Marmot_%283516840552%29.jpg/330px-Yellow_Bellied_Marmot_%283516840552%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Yellow_Bellied_Marmot_%283516840552%29.jpg/440px-Yellow_Bellied_Marmot_%283516840552%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="642" /></a><figcaption>Urban-dwelling <a href="/wiki/Yellow_bellied_marmot" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow bellied marmot">yellow bellied marmots</a> are resident in the city, although the rodents typically inhabit remote, mountainous locations.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></figcaption></figure> The area supports an abundance of wildlife in part because of its varied geology and natural history. The area contains a wide range of vegetation, from densely wooded <a href="/wiki/Temperate_coniferous_forest" title="Temperate coniferous forest">coniferous forests</a> to rolling grassy hills and meadows.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Ponderosa pine and Douglas fir are common in the drier and lower elevation areas throughout the region. The <a href="/wiki/Ponderosa_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ponderosa pine">ponderosa pine</a> is the official tree of the City of Spokane, which is where specimens were first collected by botanist <a href="/wiki/David_Douglas_(botanist)" title="David Douglas (botanist)">David Douglas</a> in 1826.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#endnote_Douglas">[g]</a> The Canadian Rockies ecoregion supports 70 mammals, 16 reptiles and amphibians, 168 birds, and 41 fish species.<a href="#cite_note-wildlife-133">[133]</a> There is a high concentration of raptors in the area, bald eagles are a common sight near Lake Coeur d'Alene in December and January when <a href="/wiki/Sockeye_salmon#Landlocked_populations" title="Sockeye salmon">kokanee</a> spawn.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The most common fish present in area lakes is the Washington-native <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_trout" title="Rainbow trout">rainbow trout</a>, which is the official fish of Washington state.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Big game common in eastern Washington include black and grizzly bears, <a href="/wiki/Caribou" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribou">caribou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_elk" title="Rocky Mountain elk">Rocky Mountain elk</a>, bighorn sheep, and cougar.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Whitetail deer, mule deer, and <a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">moose</a> are also found in abundance. The <a href="/wiki/Gray_wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray wolf">gray wolf</a> population has been making a recovery in the Inland Northwest. As of June 2016, there are 16 wolf packs in eastern Washington.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> In August 2016, photo evidence confirmed a solitary wolf in Mount Spokane State Park.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Although the ecoregion remains ecologically intact, it faces conservation challenges that include the negative effects of certain forestry management and logging practices, higher risks of forest fires due to the alteration of the trees that make up the forest composition, and <a href="/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation" title="Habitat fragmentation">habitat fragmentation</a> as a result of urban sprawl and development, which endangers the long-term survival of vulnerable species such as mountain caribou and the <a href="/wiki/American_goshawk" title="American goshawk">American goshawk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spokane_Great_Northern_Clocktower_in_haze_(20101776384).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Great Northern clocktower seen amidst an orange haze from wildfire smoke and Rayleigh scattering" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Spokane_Great_Northern_Clocktower_in_haze_%2820101776384%29.jpg/220px-Spokane_Great_Northern_Clocktower_in_haze_%2820101776384%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Spokane_Great_Northern_Clocktower_in_haze_%2820101776384%29.jpg/330px-Spokane_Great_Northern_Clocktower_in_haze_%2820101776384%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Spokane_Great_Northern_Clocktower_in_haze_%2820101776384%29.jpg/440px-Spokane_Great_Northern_Clocktower_in_haze_%2820101776384%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The Great Northern clocktower seen amidst an orange <a href="/wiki/Haze" title="Haze">haze</a> from wildfire smoke and <a href="/wiki/Rayleigh_scattering" title="Rayleigh scattering">Rayleigh scattering</a></figcaption></figure> Spokane has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">warm-summer humid continental climate</a> (Dsb under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> classification),<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> a rare climate due to its elevation and significant winter precipitation; Spokane, however, is adjacent to and sometimes even classified as a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate#Warm-summer_Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">warm-summer Mediterranean climate</a> (Csb) because the average temperature for the coldest month is over 26.6 °F (−3 °C),<a href="#cite_note-NCEI_Summary_of_Monthly_Normals_-_1991-2020_-_SPOKANE_INTL_AP-141">[141]</a> though in the US this threshold is often defined to be 32 °F (0 °C).<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The area typically has a warm, arid climate during the summer months, bracketed by short spring and fall seasons. On average, the warmest month is July and the coolest month is December; July averages 71.0 °F (21.7 °C), while December averages 29.1 °F (−1.6 °C).<a href="#cite_note-NCEI_Summary_of_Monthly_Normals_-_1991-2020_-_SPOKANE_INTL_AP-141">[141]</a><a href="#endnote_Averages">[h]</a> Daily temperature ranges are large during the summer, often exceeding 30 °F (17 °C), and small during the winter, with a range just above 10 °F (5.6 °C). The record high and low are 112 °F (44 °C)<a href="#cite_note-NOWData_OTX-143">[143]</a> and −30 °F (−34 °C), but temperatures of more than 100 °F (38 °C) or less than −5 °F (−21 °C) are rare. Temperatures of 90 °F (32 °C)+ occur an average of 21 days annually, temperatures of 100 °F (38 °C)+ occur an average of only 1 day annually, and those at or below 0 °F (−18 °C) average 2.2 days a year.<a href="#cite_note-NOWData_OTX-143">[143]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monthly_Climate_Normals_(1991-2020)_-_Spokane_Area,_WA(ThreadEx).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Spokane_Area%2C_WA%28ThreadEx%29.svg/220px-Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Spokane_Area%2C_WA%28ThreadEx%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Spokane_Area%2C_WA%28ThreadEx%29.svg/330px-Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Spokane_Area%2C_WA%28ThreadEx%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Spokane_Area%2C_WA%28ThreadEx%29.svg/440px-Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Spokane_Area%2C_WA%28ThreadEx%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>Climate chart for Spokane</figcaption></figure> Spokane's location, between the <a href="/wiki/Cascades_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascades Range">Cascades Range</a> to the west and the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a> to the east and north, protects it from weather patterns experienced in other parts of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a>. The Cascade Mountains form a barrier to the eastward flow of moist and relatively mild air from the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> in winter and cool air in summer.<a href="#cite_note-ClimWA-144">[144]</a> As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Rain_shadow" title="Rain shadow">rain shadow</a> effect of the Cascades, the Spokane area has 16.5 inches (420 mm) average annual precipitation, less than half of Seattle's 39.3 inches (1,000 mm).<a href="#cite_note-NOWData_SEW-145">[145]</a> Precipitation peaks in December, and summer is the driest time of the year. The Rockies shield Spokane from some of the winter season's coldest air masses traveling southward across Canada.<a href="#cite_note-ClimWA-144">[144]</a> In the summer season, Spokane, like much of the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">western United States</a>, has been experiencing drier conditions and more frequent and larger <a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">wildfire</a> events since the late 20th century; the fine particulate matter in the smoke can be carried by the wind and blanket the region in a <a href="/wiki/Haze" title="Haze">haze</a> and impact Spokane's <a href="/wiki/Air_quality_index" title="Air quality index">air quality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Spokane (<a href="/wiki/Spokane_International_Airport" title="Spokane International Airport">Spokane Int'l</a>), 1991–2020 normals,<a href="#cite_note-147">[i]</a> extremes 1881–present<a href="#cite_note-149">[ii]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62 (17) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 (17) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74 (23) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90 (32) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97 (36) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">109 (43) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">108 (42) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">108 (42) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87 (31) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70 (21) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60 (16) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">109 (43) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.2 (9.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.1 (10.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.0 (17.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.9 (23.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.0 (28.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.5 (32.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.5 (36.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.0 (36.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.2 (31.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.6 (23.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.4 (13.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.0 (8.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">99.1 (37.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5 (1.4) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.5 (4.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.6 (9.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.9 (13.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.1 (19.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.7 (23.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.4 (29.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.8 (28.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.6 (23.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.7 (14.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.3 (5.7) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8 (1.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">58.0 (14.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6 (−1.3) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9 (0.5) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.0 (4.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.0 (8.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.0 (13.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.3 (16.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.0 (21.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.3 (21.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.1 (16.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.9 (8.8) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3 (2.4) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1 (−1.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48.6 (9.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7 (−4.1) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3 (−3.2) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5 (−0.3) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0 (2.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.9 (7.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.8 (10.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.6 (14.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.7 (13.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.6 (9.2) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.0 (3.3) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3 (−0.9) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3 (−4.3) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.2 (4.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 (−15.3) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 (−12.3) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5 (−7.5) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4 (−3.1) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7 (0.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.2 (4.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.9 (7.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.6 (7.6) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4 (1.9) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (−4.9) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1 (−9.9) </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (−13.8) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−3.0 (−19.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−30 (−34) </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24 (−31) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10 (−23) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14 (−10) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 (−4) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 (1) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 (3) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 (2) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 (−6) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 (−14) </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−21 (−29) </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25 (−32) </td> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−30 (−34) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.97 (50) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.44 (37) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.83 (46) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.25 (32) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.55 (39) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.17 (30) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.42 (11) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.47 (12) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.58 (15) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.37 (35) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.06 (52) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.34 (59) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.45 (418) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.3 (31) </td> <td style="background: #0000B6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">7.8 (20) </td> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">3.9 (9.9) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 (1.8) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (0.25) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 (1.3) </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">6.2 (16) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.8 (35) </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">45.4 (115) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) </th> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.2 </td> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.4 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.8 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">112.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) </th> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000F1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.3 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61.0 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58.2 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53.9 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.0 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.0 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000C1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000B6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.5 </td> <td style="background: #0505FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">65.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9 (−5.6) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1 (−3.3) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6 (−1.9) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6 (−0.2) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.8 (3.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.0 (6.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.5 (6.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.2 (6.2) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.6 (4.2) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7 (1.5) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0 (−1.1) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7 (−4.6) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.6 (0.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #8F8F8F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.3 </td> <td style="background: #BABA45; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.0 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">199.3 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">242.3 </td> <td style="background: #EDED09; color:#000000;" class="notheme">296.7 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">322.8 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">382.4 </td> <td style="background: #F7F721; color:#000000;" class="notheme">340.4 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">271.2 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">191.0 </td> <td style="background: #8B8B8B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.8 </td> <td style="background: #6C6C6C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59.1 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,575.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">54 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)<a href="#cite_note-NOWData_OTX-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-NCEI_Summary_of_Monthly_Normals_-_1991-2020_-_SPOKANE_INTL_AP-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAA2-150">[148]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Spokane (<a href="/wiki/Downtown_Spokane" title="Downtown Spokane">Riverside</a>), 1953–1983 normals and extremes </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 (14) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64 (18) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75 (24) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89 (32) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97 (36) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101 (38) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">106 (41) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">109 (43) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97 (36) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87 (31) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70 (21) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 (15) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">109 (43) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.3 (9.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.3 (12.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.3 (17.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.1 (23.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.0 (30.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.8 (33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.5 (37.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.3 (36.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.7 (32.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.6 (24.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.0 (13.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.4 (10.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">100.8 (38.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5 (1.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.5 (5.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.6 (9.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.2 (15.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.8 (20.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.8 (24.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.8 (29.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.5 (29.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.4 (23.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3 (15.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.0 (6.7) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.1 (2.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">59.8 (15.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9 (−4.5) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8 (−1.8) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2 (−0.4) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8 (2.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.3 (6.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.2 (10.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.0 (13.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.7 (12.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.2 (8.4) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.4 (3.6) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5 (−0.3) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2 (−2.7) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.3 (4.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9 (−16.2) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8 (−10.1) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2 (−7.7) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2 (−2.7) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4 (0.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.6 (5.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.5 (7.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.2 (6.8) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (1.7) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0 (−2.8) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4 (−8.1) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 (−13.1) </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−5.6 (−20.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−22 (−30) </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7 (−22) </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1 (−18) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20 (−7) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26 (−3) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 (2) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 (4) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 (−1) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 (−2) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (−7) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 (−15) </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−20 (−29) </td> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−22 (−30) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.24 (57) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.65 (42) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.56 (40) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.25 (32) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.52 (39) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.33 (34) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.56 (14) </td> <td style="background: #E1FFE1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.79 (20) </td> <td style="background: #DDFFDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.86 (22) </td> <td style="background: #D3FFD3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.13 (29) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.16 (55) </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.58 (66) </td> <td style="background: #C6FFC6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.62 (448) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #0000C5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8.3 (21) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 (3.6) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (0.25) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 (2.3) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.7 (27) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: WRCC<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Spokane (<a href="/wiki/Felts_Field" title="Felts Field">Felts Field</a>), 1991–2020 normals,<a href="#cite_note-152">[iii]</a> extremes 1998<a href="#cite_note-153">[iv]</a>–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 (15) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64 (18) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74 (23) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87 (31) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94 (34) </td> <td style="background: #CE0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">113 (45) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">106 (41) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107 (42) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97 (36) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86 (30) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69 (21) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 (17) </td> <td style="background: #CE0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">113 (45) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.8 (11.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.7 (12.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.0 (18.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.5 (24.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.7 (30.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.0 (33.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.8 (37.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.1 (37.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.7 (32.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.5 (24.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.8 (15.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.9 (11.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">101.4 (38.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.8 (3.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.5 (5.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.3 (10.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.6 (15.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.7 (20.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.8 (24.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.1 (30.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.2 (30.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.0 (24.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3 (15.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.1 (7.3) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9 (2.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60.7 (15.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8 (−0.1) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6 (1.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.5 (5.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.1 (8.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.9 (13.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.1 (17.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.5 (21.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.4 (21.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.4 (16.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.1 (9.5) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.9 (3.3) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3 (−0.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">49.8 (9.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8 (−3.4) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7 (−2.9) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7 (−0.2) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6 (2.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.1 (6.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.4 (10.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.0 (13.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.5 (12.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.8 (8.2) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.0 (3.3) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 (−0.7) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7 (−3.5) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.9 (3.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 (−12.3) </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5 (−10.3) </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6 (−6.9) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8 (−2.9) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5 (0.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.4 (5.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.5 (8.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.7 (7.6) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3 (2.4) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 (−3.9) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6 (−8.0) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (−12.1) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.2 (−16.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10 (−23) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3 (−19) </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 (−17) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 (−4) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 (−2) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 (3) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 (4) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 (4) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26 (−3) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 (−11) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2 (−19) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10 (−23) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−10 (−23) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.00 (51) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.32 (34) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.82 (46) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.50 (38) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.70 (43) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.48 (38) </td> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.67 (17) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.54 (14) </td> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.68 (17) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.46 (37) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.01 (51) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.18 (55) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.36 (441) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) </th> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.6 </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.1 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.5 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">119.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA<a href="#cite_note-NOWData_OTX-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-NCEI_Summary_of_Monthly_Normals_-_1991-2020_-_SPOKANE_FELTS_FLD-154">[150]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> See or edit <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/data:Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Spokane,_Washington.tab" class="extiw" title="commons:data:Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Spokane, Washington.tab">raw graph data</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>350</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>19,922</td><td></td><td>5,592.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>36,848</td><td></td><td>85.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>104,402</td><td></td><td>183.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>104,437</td><td></td><td>0.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>115,514</td><td></td><td>10.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>122,001</td><td></td><td>5.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>161,721</td><td></td><td>32.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>181,608</td><td></td><td>12.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>170,516</td><td></td><td>−6.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>171,300</td><td></td><td>0.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>177,165</td><td></td><td>3.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>195,629</td><td></td><td>10.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>208,916</td><td></td><td>6.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>228,989</td><td><a href="#cite_note-QF2020-4">[4]</a></td><td>9.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2022 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">230,160</td><td><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2022-5">[5]</a></td><td>0.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">U.S. Decennial Census <a href="#cite_note-decennial-census-155">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-censusbulletin110-156">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-cen2010popbydecade1-157">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-cen2010popbydecade2-158">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-censuspop2020-159">[155]</a> 2020 Census</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_American_Community_Survey">2022 American Community Survey</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2022 American Community Survey">edit</a>]</div> As of the 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit">[update]</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a> estimates, there were 230,176 people and 101,130 households.<a href="#cite_note-DP05-160">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-DP02-161">[157]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> was 3,347.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,292.5/km2). There were 105,002 housing units at an average density of 1,527.1 per square mile (589.6/km2).<a href="#cite_note-Gaz2023-162">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-DP05-160">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-B25001-163">[159]</a> The racial makeup of the city was 80.7% White, 2.9% some other race, 2.5% Black or African American, 2.0% Asian, 0.8% Native American or Alaskan Native, and 0.5% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, with 10.5% from two or more races.<a href="#cite_note-DP05-160">[156]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanics or Latinos</a> of any race were 8.1% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-DP05-160">[156]</a> Of the 101,130 households, 24.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.8% had seniors 65 years or older living with them, 35.9% were married couples living together, 7.9% were couples cohabitating, 24.8% had a male householder with no partner present, and 31.4% had a female householder with no partner present.<a href="#cite_note-DP02-161">[157]</a> The median household size was 2.21 and the median family size was 2.96.<a href="#cite_note-DP02-161">[157]</a> The age distribution was 18.8% under 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 or older. The median age was 38.6 years.<a href="#cite_note-S0101-164">[160]</a> For every 100 females, there were 101.4 males.<a href="#cite_note-DP05-160">[156]</a> The median income for a household was $62,287, with family households having a median income of $90,205 and non-family households $41,670. The <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita income</a> was $38,173.<a href="#cite_note-S1902-165">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-S1901-166">[162]</a> Males working <a href="/wiki/Full-time_job" title="Full-time job">full-time jobs</a> had median earnings of $57,382 compared to $51,996 for females.<a href="#cite_note-S2001-167">[163]</a> Out of the 225,660 people with a determined poverty status, 11.8% were below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty line">poverty line</a>. Further, 14.7% of minors and 8.8% of seniors were below the poverty line.<a href="#cite_note-S1701-168">[164]</a> In the survey, residents self-identified with various ethnic ancestries. People of <a href="/wiki/German_American" class="mw-redirect" title="German American">German</a> descent made up 19.5% of the population of the town, followed by <a href="/wiki/English_American" class="mw-redirect" title="English American">English</a> at 13.1%, <a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish</a> at 11.5%, <a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">American</a> at 7.6%, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian American">Norwegian</a> at 5.5%, <a href="/wiki/Italian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian American">Italian</a> at 4.3%, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish American">Scottish</a> at 2.7%, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish American">Swedish</a> at 2.3%, <a href="/wiki/French_American" class="mw-redirect" title="French American">French</a> at 2.2%, <a href="/wiki/Polish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish American">Polish</a> at 2.0%, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh American">Welsh</a> at 1.5%, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian American">Ukrainian</a> at 1.3%, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch American">Dutch</a> at 1.2%, <a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch-Irish American">Scotch-Irish</a> at 1.1%, <a href="/wiki/Arab_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab American">Arab</a> at 1.0%, <a href="/wiki/Russian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian American">Russian</a> at 1.0%, <a href="/wiki/Danish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish American">Danish</a> at 0.7%, <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan African</a> at 0.6%, <a href="/wiki/Czech_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech American">Czech</a> at 0.6%, and <a href="/wiki/Swiss_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss American">Swiss</a> at 0.6%.<a href="#cite_note-DP02-161">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 2020 census">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Spokane, Washington – Racial and ethnic composition <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) </th> <th>Pop 2000<a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-169">[165]</a> </th> <th>Pop 2010<a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-170">[166]</a> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-171">[167]</a> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>171,918 </td> <td>175,482 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">176,397 </td> <td>87.88% </td> <td>84.00% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">77.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>3,898 </td> <td>4,643 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">5,921 </td> <td>1.99% </td> <td>2.22% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2.59% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>3,208 </td> <td>3,663 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3,726 </td> <td>1.64% </td> <td>1.75% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>4,343 </td> <td>5,266 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">6,407 </td> <td>2.22% </td> <td>2.52% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2.80% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>348 </td> <td>1,152 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2,665 </td> <td>0.18% </td> <td>0.55% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1.16% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Other race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>285 </td> <td>281 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1,211 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.53% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed Race or Multi-Racial</a> (NH) </td> <td>5,772 </td> <td>7,962 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">16,604 </td> <td>2.95% </td> <td>3.81% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">7.25% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>5,857 </td> <td>10,467 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">16,058 </td> <td>2.99% </td> <td>5.01% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">7.01% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td>195,629 </td> <td>208,916 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">228,989 </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">100.00% </td></tr></tbody></table> As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>, there were 228,989 people, 101,130 households in the city.<a href="#cite_note-QF2020-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_census">2010 census</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 2010 census">edit</a>]</div> As of the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a>, there were 208,916 people, 87,271 households, and 49,204 families residing in the city. The <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> was 3,526.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,361.4/km2). There were 94,291 housing units at an average density of 1,591.4 per square mile (614.4/km2). The racial make-up of the city was 86.7% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 2.6% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 2.3% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 2.0% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 0.6% <a href="/wiki/Race_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, and 1.3% from <a href="/wiki/Race_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (U.S. Census)">other races</a>. 5.0% of residents were of <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> heritage, of any race. There were 87,271 households, of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.5% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.6% were non-families. In 2010, 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.97.<a href="#cite_note-wwwcensusgov-172">[168]</a> The median age in the city was 35 years. In Spokane, 22.4% of residents were under the age of 18, 12.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24, 27.6% were from 25 to 44, 25.1% were from 45 to 64, and 12.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender make-up of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.<a href="#cite_note-wwwcensusgov-172">[168]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_St._John_in_Spokane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Episcopal Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist dominates the South Hill skyline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cathedral_of_St._John_in_Spokane.jpg/220px-Cathedral_of_St._John_in_Spokane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cathedral_of_St._John_in_Spokane.jpg/330px-Cathedral_of_St._John_in_Spokane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cathedral_of_St._John_in_Spokane.jpg/440px-Cathedral_of_St._John_in_Spokane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._John_the_Evangelist_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist (Spokane, Washington)">Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> According to the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a>' 2010 Metro Area Membership Report, the denominational affiliations of the Spokane MSA are 64,277 <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical Protestant</a>, 682 <a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Black Protestant</a>, 24,826 <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline Protestant</a>, 754 <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a>, 66,202 <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a>, 31,674 Other, and 339,338 Unclaimed.<a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a> As of 2016, there are also at least three Jewish congregations.<a href="#cite_note-174">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[172]</a> The Emanu-El congregation erected the first synagogue in Spokane and the state of Washington on September 14, 1892.<a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a> The city's first mosque opened in 2009 as the Spokane Islamic Center.<a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> Spokane, like Washington and the Pacific Northwest region as a whole, is part of the <a href="/wiki/Unchurched_Belt" title="Unchurched Belt">Unchurched Belt</a>, a region characterized by low church membership rates and religious participation.<a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a> The city serves as the <a href="/wiki/Cathedra" title="Cathedra">seat</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Spokane" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane">Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane</a>, which was established in 1913,<a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Spokane" title="Episcopal Diocese of Spokane">Episcopal Diocese of Spokane</a>, established in 1929.<a href="#cite_note-episcopal-181">[177]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Washington_Temple" title="Spokane Washington Temple">Spokane Washington Temple</a>, established in 1999, serves <a href="/wiki/Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Latter-day Saints">Latter-day Saints</a> from the east of the county.<a href="#cite_note-182">[178]</a> Spokane has hosted an annual multicultural celebration, Unity in the Community, since 1995.<a href="#cite_note-183">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a> The city has become more diverse in recent decades. People from countries in the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (especially Russians and Ukrainians) form a comparatively large demographic in Spokane and Spokane County, the result of a large influx of immigrants and their families after the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-TheTimes-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-KyivPost-185">[181]</a> According to the 2000 Census, the number of people of Russian or Ukrainian ancestry in Spokane County was reported to be 7,700 (4,900 residing in the city of Spokane), amounting to two percent of the county.<a href="#cite_note-KyivPost-185">[181]</a> Among the fastest-growing demographics in Spokane is the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific Islander</a> ethnic group, which is estimated to be the third-largest minority group in the county, after the Russian and Ukrainian community and Latinos.<a href="#cite_note-TheSpokesman-106">[106]</a> Spokane was once home to a sizable Asian community, mostly Japanese, centered in a district called <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Spokane" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinatown, Spokane">Chinatown</a> from the early days of the city until 1974.<a href="#cite_note-Chinatown-186">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[183]</a> As in many western <a href="/wiki/Railway_town" title="Railway town">railway towns</a>, the Asian community started off as an encampment for migrant laborers working on the railroads. The Chinatown Asian community thrived until the 1940s and experienced a population boom during WWII as Japanese families fled the exclusion zones along the coast, after which its population decreased and became integrated and dispersed, losing its Asian character; urban blight and the preparations leading up to Expo '74 led to Chinatown's eventual demolition.<a href="#cite_note-Chinatown-186">[182]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Spokane_(5560431618).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Spokane_%285560431618%29.png/220px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Spokane_%285560431618%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Spokane_%285560431618%29.png/330px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Spokane_%285560431618%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Spokane_%285560431618%29.png/440px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Spokane_%285560431618%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="3009" /></a><figcaption>Demographic map of the Spokane metro area. Each dot is 25 people. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>⬤ White <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Black <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Asian <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Hispanic <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Other</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_area">Metropolitan area</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Metropolitan area">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spokane_metropolitan_area" title="Spokane metropolitan area">Spokane metropolitan area</a></div> The Spokane metropolitan area consists of Spokane County. As of the 2022 census estimates, the Spokane metropolitan area had a population of 597,919. Directly east of Spokane County is the Coeur d'Alene Metropolitan Statistical Area, which consists of <a href="/wiki/Kootenai_County,_Idaho" title="Kootenai County, Idaho">Kootenai County, Idaho</a>, anchored by the city of <a href="/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene,_Idaho" title="Coeur d'Alene, Idaho">Coeur d'Alene</a>. The urban areas of the two MSAs largely follow the path of Interstate 90 between Spokane and Coeur d'Alene. The Spokane area has suffered from suburbanization and <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a> in past decades, despite Washington's use of <a href="/wiki/Urban_growth_boundary" title="Urban growth boundary">urban growth boundaries</a>; the city ranks low among major Northwest cities in population density and <a href="/wiki/Smart_growth" title="Smart growth">smart growth</a> according to the Sightline Institute, however <a href="/wiki/Smart_Growth_America" title="Smart Growth America">Smart Growth America</a> in a 2014 study ranked the census defined MSA as the 22nd most compact and connected in the nation using their Sprawl Index factors: development density, land use mix, activity centering, and street accessibility.<a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a> The Spokane and Coeur d'Alene <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Statistical Area">Metropolitan Statistical Areas</a> (MSA) are now included in a single <a href="/wiki/Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined Statistical Area">Combined Statistical Area</a> (CSA) by the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CSA-190">[186]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Spokane-Spokane_Valley-Coeur_d%27Alene,_WA-ID_CSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Spokane-Spokane Valley-Coeur d'Alene, WA-ID CSA">Spokane–Coeur d'Alene CSA</a> had around 781,497 residents in 2022. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Spokane,_Washington" title="Economy of Spokane, Washington">Economy of Spokane, Washington</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peyton_Building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Peyton Building in Spokane's Central Business District" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Peyton_Building.JPG/220px-Peyton_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Peyton_Building.JPG/330px-Peyton_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Peyton_Building.JPG/440px-Peyton_Building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Stock_Exchange" title="Spokane Stock Exchange">Spokane Stock Exchange</a> once occupied the Peyton Building</figcaption></figure> Spokane became an important rail and shipping center because of its location between mining and farming areas.<a href="#cite_note-Railroads-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmeltzerp.41-56">[56]</a> In the early 1880s, gold and silver were discovered in the Inland Empire; as a regional shipping center, the city furnished supplies to the miners who passed through on their way to the mineral-rich <a href="/wiki/Silver_Valley,_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Valley, Idaho">Coeur d'Alene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colville,_Washington" title="Colville, Washington">Colville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kootenays" title="Kootenays">Kootenay</a> districts.<a href="#cite_note-p._28-46">[46]</a> The mining districts are still considered among the most productive in North America.<a href="#cite_note-191">[187]</a> Natural resources have historically been the foundation of Spokane's economy, with the mining, logging, and agriculture industries providing much of the region's economic activity. After mining declined at the turn of the 20th century, agriculture and logging replaced mining as the primary influences in the economy.<a href="#cite_note-Kenselp.25-66">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lumberjack" title="Lumberjack">Lumberjacks</a> and millmen working in the hundreds of mills along the railroads, rivers, and lakes of northern Washington and Idaho were provisioning themselves in Spokane.<a href="#cite_note-192">[188]</a> Agriculture has always been an important sector in the local economy. The surrounding area, especially to the south is the <a href="/wiki/Palouse" title="Palouse">Palouse</a>,<a href="#cite_note-193">[189]</a> a region that has long been associated with farming, especially <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> production where it is one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Wheat_production_in_the_United_States" title="Wheat production in the United States">wheat producing regions in the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-p._119-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[190]</a> As with the mining industry in the late 1880s, Spokane was an important agricultural market and trade center. Inland Empire farmers exported wheat, livestock and other agricultural products to the ports such as New York, Liverpool and Tokyo.<a href="#cite_note-p._127-71">[71]</a> Today, a large share of the wheat produced in the region is shipped to <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a> markets.<a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a> The Inland Northwest also supports many <a href="/wiki/Washington_wine" title="Washington wine">vineyards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microbrewery" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbrewery">microbreweries</a> as well.<a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a> By the early 20th century Spokane was primarily a commercial center rather than an industrial center.<a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OldNationalBank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Old National Bank Building in Spokane's Central Business District" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/OldNationalBank.jpg/170px-OldNationalBank.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/OldNationalBank.jpg/255px-OldNationalBank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/OldNationalBank.jpg/340px-OldNationalBank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Old_National_Bank_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Old National Bank Building">Old National Bank Building</a></figcaption></figure> In Spokane, wood and food processing, printing and publishing, primary metal refining and fabrication, electrical and computer equipment, and transportation equipment are leaders in the manufacturing sector.<a href="#cite_note-SCP-199">[195]</a> Gold mining company <a href="/wiki/Gold_Reserve_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Reserve (company)">Gold Reserve</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fortune_1000" title="Fortune 1000">Fortune 1000</a> company <a href="/wiki/PotlatchDeltic" title="PotlatchDeltic">Potlatch Corporation</a> – a forest products company that operates as a <a href="/wiki/Real_estate_investment_trust" title="Real estate investment trust">real estate investment trust</a> – are headquartered in the city proper.<a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a> Mining, forestry, and agribusiness remain important to the local and regional economy, but Spokane's economy has diversified to include other industries, including the high-tech and biotech sectors.<a href="#cite_note-Diverse-80">[80]</a> Spokane is becoming a more service-oriented economy in the face of a less prominent manufacturing sector which declined in the 1980s, particularly as a medical and <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> center;<a href="#cite_note-Thumbnail-81">[81]</a> Fortune 1000 technology company <a href="/wiki/Itron" title="Itron">Itron</a>, for instance, is headquartered in the area.<a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a> Avista Corporation, the holding company of <a href="/wiki/Avista_Utilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Avista Utilities">Avista Utilities</a>, is the only company in Spokane that has been listed in the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a>, ranked 299 on the list in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-203">[199]</a> Other companies with head offices in the Spokane area include technology company <a href="/wiki/Key_Tronic" title="Key Tronic">Key Tronic</a>, vacation rental provider Stay Alfred, and <a href="/wiki/Microcar" title="Microcar">microcar</a> maker <a href="/wiki/Commuter_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Commuter Cars">Commuter Cars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[202]</a> Despite diversification to new industries, Spokane's economy has struggled in recent decades. Spokane was ranked the #1 "Worst City For Jobs" in America in both 2012<a href="#cite_note-207">[203]</a> and 2015,<a href="#cite_note-208">[204]</a> while also ranking #4 in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-209">[205]</a> Additionally, Forbes named Spokane the "Scam Capital of America" in 2009<a href="#cite_note-210">[206]</a> due to widespread business fraud. Trends of fraud were noted as far back as 1988,<a href="#cite_note-forbes.com-211">[207]</a> again in 2002,<a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a> and continuing through 2011.<a href="#cite_note-forbes.com-211">[207]</a> As of 2013, the top five employers in Spokane are the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Washington">State of Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Public_Schools" title="Spokane Public Schools">Spokane Public Schools</a>, <a href="/wiki/Providence_Sacred_Heart_Medical_Center_and_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital">Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital</a>, the <a href="/wiki/92d_Air_Refueling_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="92d Air Refueling Wing">92d Air Refueling Wing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spokane_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Spokane County">Spokane County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-213">[209]</a> The largest military facility and employer, the 92d Air Refueling Wing, was stationed at <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Air_Force_Base" title="Fairchild Air Force Base">Fairchild Air Force Base</a> near <a href="/wiki/Airway_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Airway Heights">Airway Heights</a>. The leading industries in Spokane for the employed population 16 years and older were educational services, health care, and social assistance (26.5 percent), retail trade (12.7 percent), and arts, entertainment, recreation, and accommodation food services (10.4 percent).<a href="#cite_note-wwwcensusgov-172">[168]</a> As the metropolitan center of the Inland Northwest, as well as parts of southern <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Interior#Southern_Interior" title="British Columbia Interior">British Columbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Alberta" title="Southern Alberta">Alberta</a>, Spokane serves as a commercial, manufacturing, transportation, medical, shopping, and entertainment hub.<a href="#cite_note-SCP-199">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a> In 2017, the Spokane–Spokane Valley <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">MSA</a> had a gross metropolitan product of $25.5 billion while the Coeur d'Alene metropolitan area was $5.93 billion.<a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a> As of 2014, economic development in the Spokane area primarily focuses on promoting the following industries: manufacturing (especially aerospace manufacturing), health sciences, professional services, information science and technology, finance and insurance as well as clean technology, and digital media.<a href="#cite_note-SpokaneHub-216">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a> To aid economic development, the eastern branch of Innovate Washington, a state-supported <a href="/wiki/Business_incubator" title="Business incubator">business incubator</a> was placed in the city.<a href="#cite_note-218">[214]</a> In recent years, Spokane has become a growing technology hub for both established companies and startups. <a href="/wiki/Fortune_1000" title="Fortune 1000">Fortune 1000</a> cybersecurity leader, <a href="/wiki/F5,_Inc." title="F5, Inc.">F5, Inc.</a>, has two offices in the area with over 250 employees whom are focused on hardware product development, software engineering, global services support, and digital sales.<a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a> Other established firms are moving to Spokane, such as <a href="/wiki/Remitly" title="Remitly">Remitly</a>, an app-based financial services corporation, which was founded by Josh Hug, a Whitworth University graduate.<a href="#cite_note-221">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[218]</a> Ignite Northwest, led by Silicon Valley entrepreneur Tom Simpson, has invested over $100 million through the Spokane Angel Alliance and Ignite to fund and support early stage companies.<a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpokaneFoxTheaterBalcony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The art deco interior of the Fox Theater" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/SpokaneFoxTheaterBalcony.jpg/220px-SpokaneFoxTheaterBalcony.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/SpokaneFoxTheaterBalcony.jpg/330px-SpokaneFoxTheaterBalcony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/SpokaneFoxTheaterBalcony.jpg/440px-SpokaneFoxTheaterBalcony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2969" data-file-height="1974" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Art_deco" class="mw-redirect" title="Art deco">art deco</a> interior of the <a href="/wiki/Fox_Theater_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Fox Theater (Spokane, Washington)">Fox Theater</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts_and_theater">Arts and theater</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Arts and theater">edit</a>]</div> Spokane's main art districts are located in the Davenport Arts District, the <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Spokane,_Washington#Garland" title="Neighborhoods in Spokane, Washington">Garland Business District</a>, and East Sprague.<a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a> The First Friday Artwalk, which occurs the first Friday of every month, is dedicated to local vendors and performers displaying art around downtown.<a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a> The two most important Artwalk dates (the first Friday of February and October) attract large crowds to the art districts. The Davenport Arts District has the largest concentration of art galleries and is home to many of Spokane's main performing arts venues, including the <a href="/wiki/Knitting_Factory" title="Knitting Factory">Knitting Factory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox_Theater_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Fox Theater (Spokane, Washington)">Fox Theater</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby_Theater" title="Bing Crosby Theater">Bing Crosby Theater</a>. The Knitting Factory is a concert house that serves as a setting for many mainstream touring musicians and acts. The <a href="/wiki/Martin_Woldson_Theater_at_the_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Woldson Theater at the Fox">Martin Woldson Theater at the Fox</a>, restored to its original 1931 Art Deco state after years of being derelict,<a href="#cite_note-Fox-88">[88]</a> is home to the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Symphony" title="Spokane Symphony">Spokane Symphony Orchestra</a>. The Metropolitan Performing Arts Center was restored in 1988 and renamed the Bing Crosby Theater in 2006 to honor the former Spokanite.<a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a> Touring stand-up comedians are hosted by the Spokane Comedy Club.<a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a> Theater is provided by Spokane's only resident professional company, The Modern Theater,<a href="#cite_note-228">[224]</a> though there are also the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Civic_Theatre" title="Spokane Civic Theatre">Spokane Civic Theatre</a> and several other amateur community theaters and smaller groups. The <a href="/wiki/First_Interstate_Center_for_the_Arts" title="First Interstate Center for the Arts">First Interstate Center for the Arts</a> often hosts large traveling exhibitions, shows, and tours. Spokane was awarded the <a href="/wiki/All-America_City_Award" title="All-America City Award">All-America City Award</a> by the <a href="/wiki/National_Civic_League" title="National Civic League">National Civic League</a> in 1974, 2004, and 2015.<a href="#cite_note-229">[225]</a> Spokane offers an array of musical performances catering to a variety of interests. Spokane's local music scene, however, is considered somewhat lacking by the Spokane All-Ages Music Initiative and other critics, who have identified a need for a legitimate all-ages venue for music performances.<a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a> The Spokane Symphony presents a full season of classical music, and the Spokane Jazz Orchestra, a full season of jazz music.<a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a> The Spokane Jazz Orchestra, formed in 1962, is a 70-piece orchestra and non-profit organization.<a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Museums">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northwest_Museum_of_Arts_%26_Culture,_Spokane_(6063389660).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture in Brownes' Addition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Northwest_Museum_of_Arts_%26_Culture%2C_Spokane_%286063389660%29.jpg/220px-Northwest_Museum_of_Arts_%26_Culture%2C_Spokane_%286063389660%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Northwest_Museum_of_Arts_%26_Culture%2C_Spokane_%286063389660%29.jpg/330px-Northwest_Museum_of_Arts_%26_Culture%2C_Spokane_%286063389660%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Northwest_Museum_of_Arts_%26_Culture%2C_Spokane_%286063389660%29.jpg/440px-Northwest_Museum_of_Arts_%26_Culture%2C_Spokane_%286063389660%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture</figcaption></figure> There are several museums in the city, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Museum_of_Arts_and_Culture" title="Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture">Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture</a>, located a few blocks from the center of downtown in Browne's Addition, amid the mansions of Spokane's late 19th-century "Age of Elegance". A <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian">Smithsonian</a> affiliate museum, it houses a large collection of Native American artifacts as well as regional and national traveling art exhibits.<a href="#cite_note-MAC-233">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a> The Mobius Science Center and the related Mobius Kid's Museum in downtown Spokane seek to generate interest in <a href="/wiki/STEM_fields" class="mw-redirect" title="STEM fields">science, technology, engineering, and math</a> among the youth in a hands-on experience.<a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a> The Jundt Art Museum at Gonzaga University features 2,800 square feet (260 m2) of exhibition space and contains sizable collections of prints from the Bolker, Baruch, Jacobs, and <a href="/wiki/Corita_Kent" title="Corita Kent">Corita Kent</a> collections.<a href="#cite_note-Jundt-236">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a> The museum houses glass art by <a href="/wiki/Dale_Chihuly" title="Dale Chihuly">Dale Chihuly</a>, bronze sculptures by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a>, tapestries, paintings, ceramics, photographs, and a wide range of gifts, including from the Iris and B. Gerald Cantor Foundation and Collections.<a href="#cite_note-Jundt-236">[232]</a> On the campus of Gonzaga University, the Crosby House, Bing Crosby's childhood home, houses the Bing Crosby Memorabilia Room, the world's largest Crosby collection with around 200 pieces.<a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a> A museum of flight showcasing historic airplanes and curated by the Historic Flight Foundation is located at Felts Field.<a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events_and_activities">Events and activities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Events and activities">edit</a>]</div> Spokane is known as the birthplace of the national movement started by <a href="/wiki/Sonora_Smart_Dodd" title="Sonora Smart Dodd">Sonora Smart Dodd</a> that led to the proposal and the eventual establishment of <a href="/wiki/Father%27s_Day_(United_States)" title="Father's Day (United States)">Father's Day</a> as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_observances_in_the_United_States_by_presidential_proclamation" title="List of observances in the United States by presidential proclamation">national holiday</a> in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a> The first observation of Father's Day in Spokane was on June 19, 1910.<a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a> Sonora conceived the idea in Spokane's Central Methodist Episcopal Church, while listening to a Mother's Day sermon.<a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bloomsday_2008_-_Fort_George_Wright_Drive_20080504.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Runners participating in Spokane's annual Lilac Bloomsday Run" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bloomsday_2008_-_Fort_George_Wright_Drive_20080504.jpg/220px-Bloomsday_2008_-_Fort_George_Wright_Drive_20080504.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bloomsday_2008_-_Fort_George_Wright_Drive_20080504.jpg/330px-Bloomsday_2008_-_Fort_George_Wright_Drive_20080504.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bloomsday_2008_-_Fort_George_Wright_Drive_20080504.jpg/440px-Bloomsday_2008_-_Fort_George_Wright_Drive_20080504.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2334" data-file-height="1997" /></a><figcaption> Lilac Bloomsday Run</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Lilac_Bloomsday_Run" title="Lilac Bloomsday Run">Lilac Bloomsday Run</a>, held in the spring on the first Sunday of May, is a 7.46-mile (12.01 km) race for competitive runners as well as walkers that attracts international competition.<a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a> Also in May is the Lilac Festival which honors the military, celebrates youth, and showcases the region.<a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a> Spokane's unofficial nickname, the "<a href="/wiki/Lilac" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilac">Lilac</a> City", refers to a flowering shrub that has flourished since its introduction to the area in the early 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-245">[241]</a> In June the city hosts <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Hoopfest" title="Spokane Hoopfest">Spokane Hoopfest</a>, a 3-on-3 basketball tournament, among the largest of its kind.<a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a> One of Spokane's most popular local events is Pig Out in the Park, an annual six-day food and entertainment festival where attendees may eat a variety of foods and listen to free live music concerts featuring local, regional, and national recording artists in Riverfront Park.<a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a> The Spokane International Film Festival, held every February, is a small, juried festival that features documentaries and <a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">shorts</a> from around the world.<a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a> The Spokane Gay & Lesbian Film Festival, held every November, features contemporary, independent films of interest to the <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> community.<a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> Other notable events in the Spokane region include the Spokane County Interstate Fair, Japan Week, Spokane Pride Parade and the Lilac City Comicon. The Spokane County Interstate Fair is held annually in September at the Spokane County Fair and Expo Center in <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Valley,_Washington" title="Spokane Valley, Washington">Spokane Valley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> Japan Week is held in April and celebrates the sister-city relationship with <a href="/wiki/Nishinomiya,_Hyogo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nishinomiya, Hyogo">Nishinomiya, Hyogo</a>, demonstrating the many commonalities shared between the two cities.<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> Students from the Spokane campus of <a href="/wiki/Mukogawa_Women%27s_University" title="Mukogawa Women's University">Mukogawa Fort Wright Institute</a>, Gonzaga, Whitworth, and other area schools organize an array of Japanese cultural events. The gay and lesbian Spokane Pride Parade is held each June.<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> There is an annual <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_fair" title="Renaissance fair">Renaissance fair</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_reenactment" title="American Civil War reenactment">Civil War reenactment</a> as well.<a href="#cite_note-253">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Government and politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Washington_(state)" title="Government of Washington (state)">Government of Washington (state)</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Spokane,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Spokane, Washington">List of mayors of Spokane, Washington</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpokaneCityHallMay2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Art Deco City Hall building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SpokaneCityHallMay2017.jpg/260px-SpokaneCityHallMay2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SpokaneCityHallMay2017.jpg/390px-SpokaneCityHallMay2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SpokaneCityHallMay2017.jpg/520px-SpokaneCityHallMay2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Spokane City Hall</figcaption></figure> The City of Spokane operates under a <a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">mayor–council</a> form of government, with executive and legislative branches that are elected in <a href="/wiki/Non-partisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-partisan">non-partisan</a> elections.<a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Condon" title="David Condon">David Condon</a> was elected mayor in November 2011 and took office on the last business day of the year.<a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a> The previous mayor was <a href="/wiki/Mary_Verner" title="Mary Verner">Mary Verner</a>, who succeeded <a href="/wiki/Dennis_P._Hession" title="Dennis P. Hession">Dennis P. Hession</a> who himself succeeded the recalled <a href="/wiki/James_E._West_(politician)" title="James E. West (politician)">James "Jim" West</a>. The city elected <a href="/wiki/James_Everett_Chase" title="James Everett Chase">James Everett Chase</a> as its first African-American mayor in 1981, and after his retirement, elected the city's first woman mayor, Vicki McNeil.<a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a> Spokane is the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spokane_County,_Washington" title="Spokane County, Washington">Spokane County</a>, a position it wrested from <a href="/wiki/Cheney,_Washington" title="Cheney, Washington">Cheney</a> in 1886.<a href="#cite_note-NAco-258">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a> Spokane is a part of <a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_3rd_legislative_district" title="Washington's 3rd legislative district">Washington's 3rd legislative district</a>, which is represented in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Senate" title="Washington State Senate">Washington State Senate</a> by <a href="/wiki/Andy_Billig" title="Andy Billig">Andy Billig</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WA_State_Lawmakers-260">[256]</a> The 3rd Legislative District is represented in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_House_of_Representatives" title="Washington House of Representatives">Washington House of Representatives</a> by <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Riccelli" title="Marcus Riccelli">Marcus Riccelli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timm_Ormsby" title="Timm Ormsby">Timm Ormsby</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WA_State_Lawmakers-260">[256]</a> Federally, Spokane is within <a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a>, and has been represented in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> by Republican <a href="/wiki/Cathy_McMorris_Rodgers" title="Cathy McMorris Rodgers">Cathy McMorris Rodgers</a> since 2004.<a href="#cite_note-Leg-261">[257]</a> Washington State is represented nationally in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> by Democrat <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a> and Democrat <a href="/wiki/Maria_Cantwell" title="Maria Cantwell">Maria Cantwell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Leg-261">[257]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 general election</a>, Spokane County favored <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> for president over <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> by 51.5 to 45.7 percent; on the state ballot, the county supported the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Initiative_502" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Initiative 502">legalization of recreational marijuana ballot measure</a> by 52.2 to 47.9 percent but opposed the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Referendum_74" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Referendum 74">legalization of same-sex marriage</a> by 55.9 to 44.1 percent.<a href="#cite_note-2012Election-262">[258]</a> Spokane native <a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Tom Foley</a> was a Democratic <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a> and served as a representative of Washington's 5th district for 30 years, enjoying large support from Spokane, until his narrow defeat in the "<a href="/wiki/Republican_Revolution" title="Republican Revolution">Republican Revolution</a>" of 1994,<a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-Foley-264">[260]</a> the only time U.S. voters have turned out a sitting Speaker of the House since 1860.<a href="#cite_note-265">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Crime">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Police_Department" title="Spokane Police Department">Spokane Police Department</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:#660000;color:white;padding:.2em;">Spokane</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;">Crime rates* (2022)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;">Violent crimes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Homicide" title="Homicide">Homicide</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></th><td class="infobox-data">194</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Robbery" title="Robbery">Robbery</a></th><td class="infobox-data">309</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aggravated_assault" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggravated assault">Aggravated assault</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,039</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Violent_crime" title="Violent crime">Total violent crime</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,560</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;">Property crimes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Burglary" title="Burglary">Burglary</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,786</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Larceny-theft" class="mw-redirect" title="Larceny-theft">Larceny-theft</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9,987</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle_theft" title="Motor vehicle theft">Motor vehicle theft</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,843</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">Arson</a></th><td class="infobox-data">75</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Property_crime" title="Property crime">Total property crime</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13,691</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; font-size:88%;"><div style="float: left;">Notes</div> <div style="float: left;">*Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population.</div> <div style="float: left;">2022 population: 230,160</div> Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cde.ucr.cjis.gov/LATEST/webapp/#/pages/explorer/crime/crime-trend">2022 FBI UCR Data</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The crime rate per 1,000 people in the Spokane metropolitan area (Spokane County) was 64.8 in 2012, higher than the Washington state average of 38.3; the violent crime rate of 3.8 and property crime rate of 61 also exceed the statewide averages of 2.5 and 35.8, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a> <a href="/wiki/NeighborhoodScout" title="NeighborhoodScout">NeighborhoodScout</a> describes Spokane as "Safer than 2% of U.S. Cities".<a href="#cite_note-NeighborhoodScout-267">[263]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpokaneCountyCourthouse_2017_0304.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Spokane County Courthouse in the West Central neighborhood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/SpokaneCountyCourthouse_2017_0304.jpg/220px-SpokaneCountyCourthouse_2017_0304.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/SpokaneCountyCourthouse_2017_0304.jpg/330px-SpokaneCountyCourthouse_2017_0304.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/SpokaneCountyCourthouse_2017_0304.jpg/440px-SpokaneCountyCourthouse_2017_0304.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5634" data-file-height="3753" /></a><figcaption>Spokane County Courthouse</figcaption></figure> Half of all property crimes are localized in about 6.5 percent of the city.<a href="#cite_note-Crime-268">[264]</a> Spokane had the fourth-highest rate of auto theft in the U.S. in 2010 and 2011, according to the <a href="/wiki/National_Insurance_Crime_Bureau" title="National Insurance Crime Bureau">National Insurance Crime Bureau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Crime-268">[264]</a> Drive-by shootings and drug use, particularly <a href="/wiki/Crack_cocaine" title="Crack cocaine">crack cocaine</a> use, became worse in the early 1990s, and four drive-by shootings were recorded in December 1993 alone.<a href="#cite_note-Kienholz-269">[265]</a> In the 1990s, the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Police_Department" title="Spokane Police Department">Spokane Police Department</a> (SPD) established a special gang unit, with an officer "collecting intelligence on gang activity and disseminating it to street officers".<a href="#cite_note-Kienholz-269">[265]</a> The 1990s also saw Spokane's most prolific serial killer, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lee_Yates" title="Robert Lee Yates">Robert Lee Yates</a>, who killed thirteen prostitutes in Spokane's East Sprague red light district and confessed to two others in <a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma, Washington</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a> The transition of the Spokane Police Department to a community-policing <a href="/wiki/Police_precinct" title="Police precinct">precinct</a> model has helped curb crime rates since its introduction downtown, and has been expanded citywide.<a href="#cite_note-271">[267]</a> The crime woes are possibly due in part to an imbalance that Spokane County prisons receive of pre-release and work-release prisoners; An investigation by the Tacoma News Tribune found that while Spokane County accounts for 6.21 percent of the inmates in state prisons, it receives a disproportionate 16.73 percent of the inmate population to be released into the general population.<a href="#cite_note-272">[268]</a> Spokane and the Spokane Police Department have received national publicity and scrutiny in the 2000s and 2010s due to many <a href="/wiki/List_of_killings_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States">officer-involved shootings</a> and allegations of excessive force. The most high-profile of these incidents was the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Otto_Zehm" title="Death of Otto Zehm">death of Otto Zehm</a>, a mentally challenged man who was initially suspected of theft at a convenience store.<a href="#cite_note-273">[269]</a> Zehm was later found to have committed no crime, but was struck with batons by several officers and tasered.<a href="#cite_note-274">[270]</a> The increased pressure on the SPD prompted an independent review by a commission of the organization's use-of-force policies, an internal culture audit, and the purchase of <a href="/wiki/Body_camera" title="Body camera">body cameras</a>.<a href="#cite_note-275">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing">Housing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Housing">edit</a>]</div> Restrictive zoning regulations were implemented in Spokane in the middle of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-:1-276">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a> These zoning regulations were frequently motivated by a desire to keep lower-income families out of certain neighborhoods, in particular racial minorities.<a href="#cite_note-:1-276">[272]</a> In 2022, Spokane relaxed its zoning regulations to permit on an interim basis duplexes, triplexes, quadplexes and townhomes in all residential zones of Spokane. In 2023, Spokane permanently permitted up to six housing units to be built on any lot in a residential area, as well as allow nonresidential businesses (such as grocery stores) and facilities (such as schools and churches) in residential areas.<a href="#cite_note-:1-276">[272]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Spokane,_Washington" title="Education in Spokane, Washington">Education in Spokane, Washington</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Aloysius_at_GU.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Saint Aloysius Church on the Gonzaga University campus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/St_Aloysius_at_GU.jpg/220px-St_Aloysius_at_GU.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/St_Aloysius_at_GU.jpg/330px-St_Aloysius_at_GU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/St_Aloysius_at_GU.jpg/440px-St_Aloysius_at_GU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Aloysius_Church_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="St. Aloysius Church (Spokane, Washington)">St. Aloysius Church</a> at Gonzaga University</figcaption></figure> Serving the general educational needs of the local population are two public library districts, the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Public_Library" title="Spokane Public Library">Spokane Public Library</a> (within city limits) and the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_County_Library_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Spokane County Library District">Spokane County Library District</a>. Founded in 1904 with funding from philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a>, the Spokane Public Library system comprises a downtown library overlooking the Spokane Falls and five branch libraries.<a href="#cite_note-278">[274]</a> Special collections focus on Inland Pacific Northwest history and include reference books, periodicals, maps, photographs, and other archival materials and government documents.<a href="#cite_note-279">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_and_Private_schools">Public and Private schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Public and Private schools">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Public_Schools" title="Spokane Public Schools">Spokane Public Schools</a> (District 81) was organized in 1889, and is the largest public school system in Spokane, and the second-largest in the state, as of 2014, serving roughly 30,000 students in six high schools, six middle schools, and thirty-four elementary schools.<a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[277]</a> Other public school districts in the Spokane area include the <a href="/wiki/Mead_School_District" title="Mead School District">Mead School District</a> in north Spokane County, outside city limits. A variety of state-approved, independent <a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">charter schools</a> and private and <a href="/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school">parochial</a> elementary and secondary schools augment the public school system. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Spokane" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane">Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane</a> manages ten such schools in & around the area.<a href="#cite_note-282">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_Education">Higher Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Higher Education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WSU_Health_Sciences_Spokane_campus_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/WSU_Health_Sciences_Spokane_campus_2015.jpg/220px-WSU_Health_Sciences_Spokane_campus_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/WSU_Health_Sciences_Spokane_campus_2015.jpg/330px-WSU_Health_Sciences_Spokane_campus_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/WSU_Health_Sciences_Spokane_campus_2015.jpg/440px-WSU_Health_Sciences_Spokane_campus_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3390" data-file-height="2260" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/WSU_Health_Sciences_Spokane_campus" title="WSU Health Sciences Spokane campus">WSU Health Sciences Spokane campus</a>, located in the <a href="/wiki/University_District_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="University District (Spokane, Washington)">University District</a></figcaption></figure> Spokane is home to many higher education institutions. They include the private universities <a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_University" title="Gonzaga University">Gonzaga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whitworth_University" title="Whitworth University">Whitworth</a>, and the public <a href="/wiki/Community_Colleges_of_Spokane" title="Community Colleges of Spokane">Community Colleges of Spokane</a> system (<a href="/wiki/Spokane_Community_College" title="Spokane Community College">Spokane Community College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Falls_Community_College" title="Spokane Falls Community College">Spokane Falls Community College</a>) as well as a variety of technical institutes. Gonzaga University and <a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_University_School_of_Law" title="Gonzaga University School of Law">Law School</a> were founded by the Italian-born priest <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cataldo" title="Joseph Cataldo">Joseph Cataldo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a> in 1887.<a href="#cite_note-283">[279]</a> Whitworth was founded in Tacoma, Washington in 1890 and moved to its present location in 1914.<a href="#cite_note-284">[280]</a> It is affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(U.S.A.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)">Presbyterian Church</a> and had 2,500 students studying in 53 different undergraduate and degree programs as of 2011.<a href="#cite_note-285">[281]</a> While Spokane is one of the larger cities in the U.S. to lack a main campus of a state-supported university within its city limits, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Washington_University" title="Eastern Washington University">Eastern Washington University</a> (EWU) and <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_University" title="Washington State University">Washington State University</a> (WSU) have operations at the <a href="/wiki/Riverpoint_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverpoint Campus">Riverpoint Campus</a> in the University District, just adjacent to downtown and across the Spokane River from the Gonzaga campus.<a href="#cite_note-286">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[283]</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_University_Spokane" title="Washington State University Spokane">Washington State University Spokane</a> is WSU's health sciences campus and houses the school's <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_University_College_of_Nursing" title="Washington State University College of Nursing">College of Nursing</a>, College of Pharmacy, and <a href="/wiki/Elson_S._Floyd_College_of_Medicine" title="Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine">Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ElsonSFloyd-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[284]</a> The main EWU campus is located 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Spokane in nearby Cheney, and WSU is located 65 miles (105 km) to the south in <a href="/wiki/Pullman,_Washington" title="Pullman, Washington">Pullman</a>. In addition to WSU's health science presence in Spokane, there is also a four-year <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">medical school</a> branch affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>'s <a href="/wiki/WWAMI_Regional_Medical_Education_Program" title="WWAMI Regional Medical Education Program">WWAMI</a> program.<a href="#cite_note-WWAMI-83">[83]</a> An international branch campus of the <a href="/wiki/Mukogawa_Women%27s_University" title="Mukogawa Women's University">Mukogawa Women's University</a>, the Mukogawa Fort Wright Institute, is located in Spokane.<a href="#cite_note-289">[285]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Spokane,_Washington" title="Sports in Spokane, Washington">Sports in Spokane, Washington</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpokaneArenaSECorner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Spokane Arena sports venue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/SpokaneArenaSECorner.jpg/220px-SpokaneArenaSECorner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/SpokaneArenaSECorner.jpg/330px-SpokaneArenaSECorner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/SpokaneArenaSECorner.jpg/440px-SpokaneArenaSECorner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>The Spokane Veterans Memorial Arena</figcaption></figure> Spokane is close to dozens of lakes and rivers for outdoor sports and recreation. People use these for swimming, boating, kayaking, rafting, and fishing. Nearby mountains provide for skiing, hiking, biking and sightseeing.<a href="#cite_note-LiveAndLaunch-290">[286]</a> The Spokane region's professional and semi-professional sports teams include the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Indians" title="Spokane Indians">Spokane Indians</a> in Minor League Baseball and the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Chiefs" title="Spokane Chiefs">Spokane Chiefs</a> in junior ice hockey.<a href="#cite_note-Teams-291">[287]</a> Collegiate sports in Spokane focus on the local teams such as the <a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_Bulldogs" title="Gonzaga Bulldogs">Gonzaga Bulldogs</a> who compete in the <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Division_I_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division I (NCAA)">Division I</a> <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Conference" title="West Coast Conference">West Coast Conference</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Whitworth_Pirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitworth Pirates">Whitworth Pirates</a> playing in the <a href="/wiki/Division_III_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division III (NCAA)">Division III</a> <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Conference" title="Northwest Conference">Northwest Conference</a> and local media covers other regional teams, including the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Washington_Eagles" title="Eastern Washington Eagles">Eastern Washington Eagles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Cougars" title="Washington State Cougars">Washington State Cougars</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Vandals" title="Idaho Vandals">Idaho Vandals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Teams-291">[287]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baseball">Baseball</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Baseball">edit</a>]</div> The Spokane Indians located in the suburb <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Valley,_Washington" title="Spokane Valley, Washington">Spokane Valley</a>, are a <a href="/wiki/High-A" title="High-A">Class High-A</a> baseball team in the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_League" title="Northwest League">Northwest League</a> (NWL) and have been a <a href="/wiki/Farm_team" title="Farm team">farm team</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Rockies" title="Colorado Rockies">Colorado Rockies</a> since 2021.<a href="#cite_note-292">[288]</a> The Indians play their home games at the 6,803-seat <a href="/wiki/Avista_Stadium" title="Avista Stadium">Avista Stadium</a> and have won seven NWL titles since their Short-Season-A debut in 1982. Prior to 1982, the Indians played at the <a href="/wiki/Triple-A_(baseball)" title="Triple-A (baseball)">Triple-A level</a>. The team achieved considerable success in the early 1970s, winning the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League" title="Pacific Coast League">Pacific Coast League</a> championship in 1970, and having a 94–52 record.<a href="#cite_note-293">[289]</a> In the 1920s and 1930s the Spokane City League, a semiprofessional baseball league of teams of the Inland Empire, reached its peak.<a href="#cite_note-294">[290]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hockey">Hockey</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Hockey">edit</a>]</div> The Spokane Chiefs are a junior ice hockey team that play in the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hockey_League" title="Canadian Hockey League">Canadian Hockey League</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Western_Hockey_League" title="Western Hockey League">Western Hockey League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CBC-295">[291]</a> They play their home games in the Spokane Arena and have a regional rivalry with the <a href="/wiki/Tri-City_Americans" title="Tri-City Americans">Tri-City Americans</a>. They have won the CHL's top prize, the <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Cup" title="Memorial Cup">Memorial Cup</a>, two times in club history, first in 1991 and again in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-CBC-295">[291]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soccer">Soccer</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Soccer">edit</a>]</div> Spokane is host to <a href="/wiki/United_Soccer_League" title="United Soccer League">United Soccer League</a> professional men's <a href="/wiki/USL_League_One" title="USL League One">USL League One</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spokane_Velocity" title="Spokane Velocity">Spokane Velocity FC</a>), a women's pre-professional <a href="/wiki/USL_W_League" title="USL W League">USL W League</a> team, as well as a women's professional <a href="/wiki/USL_Super_League" title="USL Super League">USL Super League</a> team (<a href="/wiki/Spokane_Zephyr_FC" title="Spokane Zephyr FC">Spokane Zephyr FC</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:0-296">[292]</a> They play their home games in <a href="/wiki/One_Spokane_Stadium" title="One Spokane Stadium">ONE Spokane Stadium</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_events">Major events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Major events">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Arena" title="Spokane Arena">Spokane Arena</a> is the city's premier sports venue. In the years since the Spokane Arena opened, it has played host to several major sporting events. The first major event was the <a href="/wiki/1998_Memorial_Cup" title="1998 Memorial Cup">1998 Memorial Cup</a>, the championship game of the Canadian Hockey League.<a href="#cite_note-297">[293]</a> Four years later in 2002, the city hosted the <a href="/wiki/2002_Skate_America" title="2002 Skate America">2002 Skate America</a> figure skating competition<a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/2007_U.S._Figure_Skating_Championships" title="2007 U.S. Figure Skating Championships">2007 U.S. Figure Skating Championships</a> in the Spokane Arena.<a href="#cite_note-FigureSkating-299">[295]</a> The latter event set an attendance record, selling nearly 155,000 tickets. Spokane later hosted the <a href="/wiki/2010_U.S._Figure_Skating_Championships" title="2010 U.S. Figure Skating Championships">2010 U.S. Figure Skating Championships</a><a href="#cite_note-FigureSkating-299">[295]</a> – ending eighteen days before the start of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Winter Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver, British Columbia</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/2016_Team_Challenge_Cup" title="2016 Team Challenge Cup">2016 Team Challenge Cup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a> Spokane is also home to <a href="/wiki/The_Podium_(sports_facility)" title="The Podium (sports facility)">The Podium</a> indoor hydraulic track and event space, and multi-use <a href="/wiki/One_Spokane_Stadium" title="One Spokane Stadium">One Spokane Stadium</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Spokane,_Washington" title="Category:Mass media in Spokane, Washington">Category:Mass media in Spokane, Washington</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Review_Tower_Spokane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Spokesman-Review building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Review_Tower_Spokane.jpg/170px-Review_Tower_Spokane.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Review_Tower_Spokane.jpg/255px-Review_Tower_Spokane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Review_Tower_Spokane.jpg/340px-Review_Tower_Spokane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2225" data-file-height="3429" /></a><figcaption>The Review Building</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Print">Print</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Print">edit</a>]</div> Newspaper service in Spokane is provided by its only major daily newspaper, <a href="/wiki/The_Spokesman-Review" title="The Spokesman-Review">The Spokesman-Review</a>, which has a daily circulation of 76,291 and Sunday circulation of 95,939.<a href="#cite_note-301">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[298]</a> The Spokesman-Review was formed from the merger of the Spokane Falls Review (1883–1894) and the Spokesman (1890–1893) in 1893 and was first published under the present name on June 29, 1894.<a href="#cite_note-303">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[300]</a> It later absorbed the competing afternoon paper The <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Daily_Chronicle" title="Spokane Daily Chronicle">Spokane Daily Chronicle</a>, a significant newspaper that existed from 1881 until 1982 and returned in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-S-R-305">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[302]</a><a href="#endnote_Spokesman">[j]</a> More specialized publications include the weekly <a href="/wiki/Alternative_newspaper" title="Alternative newspaper">alternative newspaper</a> <a href="/wiki/Inlander_(newspaper)" title="Inlander (newspaper)">Inlander</a>,<a href="#cite_note-307">[303]</a> the bi-weekly <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Journal_of_Business" title="Spokane Journal of Business">Spokane Journal of Business</a>,<a href="#cite_note-308">[304]</a> and the student-run <a href="/wiki/The_Gonzaga_Bulletin" title="The Gonzaga Bulletin">Gonzaga Bulletin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-309">[305]</a> Monthly publications include The Black Lens, an African American community newspaper,<a href="#cite_note-310">[306]</a> a newspaper for parents, <a href="/wiki/Kids_Newspaper" title="Kids Newspaper">Kids Newspaper</a>,<a href="#cite_note-311">[307]</a> and a home and lifestyle magazine, Spokane Coeur d'Alene Living.<a href="#cite_note-312">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Radio">edit</a>]</div> According to <a href="/wiki/Arbitron" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbitron">Arbitron</a>, Spokane is the 94th-largest radio market in the U.S., with 532,100 listeners aged 12 and over.<a href="#cite_note-313">[309]</a> There are 28 AM and FM radio stations broadcast in the city. The five most listened-to stations are <a href="/wiki/KKZX" title="KKZX">KKZX-FM</a> (classic rock), <a href="/wiki/KQNT" title="KQNT">KQNT-AM</a> (news/talk), <a href="/wiki/KXLY-FM" title="KXLY-FM">KXLY-FM</a> (country), <a href="/wiki/KISC" title="KISC">KISC-FM</a> (adult contemporary),<a href="/wiki/KZBD" title="KZBD">KZBD-FM</a> (Contemporary Hit Radio), and <a href="/wiki/KZZU-FM" title="KZZU-FM">KZZU-FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hot_Adult_Contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot Adult Contemporary">Hot AC</a>).<a href="#cite_note-314">[310]</a> Spokane's primary sources of non-commercial and community radio include Spokane's <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">NPR</a>-affiliate station <a href="/wiki/KPBX-FM" title="KPBX-FM">KPBX-FM</a> and <a href="/wiki/KYRS" class="mw-redirect" title="KYRS">KYRS</a>, a full-power community radio station.<a href="#cite_note-315">[311]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Television">edit</a>]</div> Spokane is the 73rd-largest television market in the U.S., accounting for 0.366% of the total TV households in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-316">[312]</a> The city has six television stations, representing the major commercial networks and public television.<a href="#cite_note-TV-317">[313]</a> Spokane is the television broadcast center for much of eastern Washington (except the <a href="/wiki/Yakima,_Washington" title="Yakima, Washington">Yakima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tri-Cities,_Washington" title="Tri-Cities, Washington">Tri-Cities</a> area), northern Idaho, northwestern Montana, northeastern Oregon, and parts of southern Canada (by <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_television_stations_available_in_Canada#Shaw_Broadcast_Services_/_nationwide_coverage" title="List of United States television stations available in Canada">cable television</a>). Spokane receives broadcasts in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">Pacific Time Zone</a>, with weekday prime time beginning at 8 pm. Montana and Alberta, Canada are in the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">Mountain Time Zone</a> and receive Spokane broadcasts one hour later by their local time. The major network television affiliates include <a href="/wiki/KREM_(TV)" title="KREM (TV)">KREM (TV)</a> 2 (<a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>), <a href="/wiki/KXLY-TV" title="KXLY-TV">KXLY-TV</a> 4 (<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>), <a href="/wiki/KHQ-TV" title="KHQ-TV">KHQ-TV</a> 6 (<a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>; Spokane's first television station, on air on December 20, 1952), <a href="/wiki/KAYU-TV" title="KAYU-TV">KAYU</a> 28 (<a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">FOX</a>), <a href="/wiki/KSKN" title="KSKN">KSKN</a> 22 (<a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>), <a href="/wiki/KSPS-TV" title="KSPS-TV">KSPS-TV</a> 7 (<a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Public_Television" title="Idaho Public Television">KCDT-TV</a> 26 (PBS; operating out of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho).<a href="#cite_note-TV-317">[313]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Map_United_States_Spokane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Location_Map_United_States_Spokane.png/220px-Location_Map_United_States_Spokane.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Location_Map_United_States_Spokane.png/330px-Location_Map_United_States_Spokane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Location_Map_United_States_Spokane.png/440px-Location_Map_United_States_Spokane.png 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption>Street layout of Spokane city center</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="City_streets">City streets</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: City streets">edit</a>]</div> Spokane's streets use a <a href="/wiki/Grid_plan" title="Grid plan">grid plan</a> that is oriented to the four <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_direction" title="Cardinal direction">cardinal directions</a>; generally, the east–west roads are designated as avenues, and the north–south roads are referred to as streets. Major east–west thoroughfares in the city include Francis, Wellesley, Mission, Sprague, and 29th Avenues. Major north–south thoroughfares include Maple–Ash, Monroe, Division, Hamilton, Greene–Market (north of I-90), and Ray–Freya (south of I-90) Streets. <a href="/wiki/Division_Street_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Division Street (Spokane, Washington)">Division Street</a> divides the city into East and West, while <a href="/wiki/Sprague_Avenue_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Sprague Avenue (Spokane, Washington)">Sprague Avenue</a> splits the city into North and South.<a href="#cite_note-318">[314]</a> Division Street is Spokane's major <a href="/wiki/Main_Street" title="Main Street">retail corridor</a>; Sprague Avenue serves the same purpose in Spokane Valley. With over 40,000 vehicles per day in <a href="/wiki/Average_daily_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="Average daily traffic">average daily traffic</a> from <a href="/wiki/Interstate_90_(Washington)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 90 (Washington)">Interstate 90</a> north to the US 2–US 395 junction, North Division is Spokane's busiest corridor.<a href="#cite_note-319">[315]</a> Spokane's extensive <a href="/wiki/Skywalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Skywalk">skywalk</a> system covers thirteen blocks in the downtown area and is among the largest in the United States; it is used for pedestrian travel in cold and inclement weather and retail space as well.<a href="#cite_note-320">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[317]</a> Despite this, the city has an average Walk Score of 49 as of 2020, indicating that most errands require a car. Its average Bike Score is 52.<a href="#cite_note-WalkScore-322">[318]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Full_Spokane_City_Line_bus_charging_at_SCC_transit_center_October_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Full_Spokane_City_Line_bus_charging_at_SCC_transit_center_October_2023.jpg/220px-Full_Spokane_City_Line_bus_charging_at_SCC_transit_center_October_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Full_Spokane_City_Line_bus_charging_at_SCC_transit_center_October_2023.jpg/330px-Full_Spokane_City_Line_bus_charging_at_SCC_transit_center_October_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Full_Spokane_City_Line_bus_charging_at_SCC_transit_center_October_2023.jpg/440px-Full_Spokane_City_Line_bus_charging_at_SCC_transit_center_October_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3963" data-file-height="2970" /></a><figcaption>STA <a href="/wiki/City_Line_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="City Line (Spokane, Washington)">City Line</a> battery electric bus charging at <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Community_College_Transit_Center" title="Spokane Community College Transit Center">Spokane Community College</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mass_transportation">Mass transportation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Mass transportation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Transit_Authority" title="Spokane Transit Authority">Spokane Transit Authority</a></div> Before the influx of automobiles, Spokane's electric <a href="/wiki/Spokane_and_Inland_Empire_Railroad" title="Spokane and Inland Empire Railroad">streetcar and interurban lines</a> played a dominant role in moving people and goods around Spokane. Streetcars were installed as early as 1888, when they were pulled by horses.<a href="#cite_note-323">[319]</a> Many older side streets in Spokane still have visible streetcar rails embedded in them. Streetcar service was reduced due to declining ridership beginning in 1922, and by August 1936, all lines had been abandoned or converted to motor buses.<a href="#cite_note-324">[320]</a> Spokane has intercity rail and bus service provided by <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flixbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Flixbus">Flixbus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Lines" title="Jefferson Lines">Jefferson Lines</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Intermodal_Center" title="Spokane Intermodal Center">Spokane Intermodal Center</a>. The city is a stop for Amtrak's <a href="/wiki/Empire_Builder" title="Empire Builder">Empire Builder</a> on its way to and from Chicago's <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Chicago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Station (Chicago)">Union Station</a> en route to <a href="/wiki/Seattle_(Amtrak_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle (Amtrak station)">Seattle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Portland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Station (Portland)">Portland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-325">[321]</a> Amtrak's through service to Seattle and Portland is a legacy of <a href="/wiki/BNSF_Railway" title="BNSF Railway">BNSF Railway</a>'s old <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Portland_and_Seattle_Railway" title="Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway">Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway</a> trackage.<a href="#cite_note-Trains-326">[322]</a> Spokane is a major railway junction for the BNSF Railway and the <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a> and is the western terminus for the <a href="/wiki/Montana_Rail_Link" title="Montana Rail Link">Montana Rail Link</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Trains-326">[322]</a> Public transportation throughout the Spokane area is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Transit_Authority" title="Spokane Transit Authority">Spokane Transit Authority</a> (STA), which operates a fleet of 164 buses. Its service area covers roughly 248 square miles (640 km2) and reaches 85 percent of the county's population.<a href="#cite_note-327">[323]</a> The <a href="/wiki/STA_Plaza" title="STA Plaza">STA Plaza</a> in downtown Spokane acts as the regional hub for most STA routes. As a part of the system's high performance transit network plan, STA introduced Eastern Washington's first bus rapid transit (BRT) route, <a href="/wiki/City_Line_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="City Line (Spokane, Washington)">City Line</a>, in July 2023. STA is also planning a <a href="/wiki/Division_Bus_Rapid_Transit" title="Division Bus Rapid Transit">Division Street BRT</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Freeways_and_highways">Freeways and highways</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Freeways and highways">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nighttime_view_of_I-90_in_Spokane,_from_Sunset_Hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Nighttime_view_of_I-90_in_Spokane%2C_from_Sunset_Hill.jpg/220px-Nighttime_view_of_I-90_in_Spokane%2C_from_Sunset_Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Nighttime_view_of_I-90_in_Spokane%2C_from_Sunset_Hill.jpg/330px-Nighttime_view_of_I-90_in_Spokane%2C_from_Sunset_Hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Nighttime_view_of_I-90_in_Spokane%2C_from_Sunset_Hill.jpg/440px-Nighttime_view_of_I-90_in_Spokane%2C_from_Sunset_Hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Overlooking Spokane from Sunset Hill</figcaption></figure> Interstate 90 (I-90) runs east–west from Seattle, through downtown Spokane, and eastward through Spokane Valley, Liberty Lake, and onward to Coeur d'Alene and then <a href="/wiki/Missoula" class="mw-redirect" title="Missoula">Missoula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-StateMap-328">[324]</a> Although they are not limited access highways like I-90, <a href="/wiki/US_2_(WA)" class="mw-redirect" title="US 2 (WA)">US 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/US_395_(WA)" class="mw-redirect" title="US 395 (WA)">US 395</a> enter Spokane from the west via I-90 and continue north through Spokane via Division Street. The two highways share the same route until they reach "The Y", a <a href="/wiki/Three-way_junction" title="Three-way junction">fork</a> where US 395 continues northward to <a href="/wiki/Deer_Park,_Washington" title="Deer Park, Washington">Deer Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colville,_Washington" title="Colville, Washington">Colville</a> then onward to Canada, and US 2 branches off to the northeast, continuing to <a href="/wiki/Mead,_Washington" title="Mead, Washington">Mead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Washington" title="Newport, Washington">Newport</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sandpoint,_Idaho" title="Sandpoint, Idaho">Sandpoint</a>. <a href="/wiki/US_Route_195" class="mw-redirect" title="US Route 195">US 195</a>, also known as the Inland Empire Highway, connects to Interstate 90 west of Spokane near Latah Creek and travels south through the Palouse.<a href="#cite_note-StateMap-328">[324]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Transportation" title="Washington State Department of Transportation">Washington State Department of Transportation</a> (WSDOT) is tasked with improving local highways to keep up with the region's growth and to try to prevent congestion problems that plague many larger cities. The WSDOT is constructing the <a href="/wiki/North_Spokane_Corridor" title="North Spokane Corridor">North Spokane Corridor</a>. When completed, the corridor will be a 10.5-mile-long (16.9 km) limited-access highway that will run from I-90, in the vicinity of the Thor/Freya interchange, northward through Spokane, meeting the existing US 395 just south of the Wandermere Golf Course.<a href="#cite_note-Corridor-329">[325]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airports">Airports</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Airports">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spokane_Intl_Airport_-_Concourse_C_at_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Spokane_Intl_Airport_-_Concourse_C_at_Night.jpg/220px-Spokane_Intl_Airport_-_Concourse_C_at_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Spokane_Intl_Airport_-_Concourse_C_at_Night.jpg/330px-Spokane_Intl_Airport_-_Concourse_C_at_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Spokane_Intl_Airport_-_Concourse_C_at_Night.jpg/440px-Spokane_Intl_Airport_-_Concourse_C_at_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3080" data-file-height="1849" /></a><figcaption>Concourse C, Spokane International Airport</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Spokane_International_Airport" title="Spokane International Airport">Spokane International Airport</a> (IATA: GEG, ICAO: KGEG) serves as the primary commercial airport for Spokane, Eastern Washington, and Northern Idaho. It is the second-largest airport in the state of Washington, and is recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Small_hub_primary_airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Small hub primary airport">small hub</a>, with service from nine passenger and five cargo airlines.<a href="#cite_note-SIA-330">[326]</a> The 4,800-acre (19.42 km2) airport is located 5 miles (8.0 km) west of downtown Spokane and is approximately a 10-minute drive away. The international airport's three-letter designation is "GEG", a result and legacy of the Geiger Field days prior to 1960, when the airport was named after Army aviator Major <a href="/wiki/Harold_Geiger" title="Harold Geiger">Harold Geiger</a> in 1941.<a href="#cite_note-Airports-331">[327]</a> <a href="/wiki/Felts_Field" title="Felts Field">Felts Field</a> is a general aviation airport serving the Spokane area and is located in east Spokane along the south bank of the Spokane River. Aviation at Felts Field dates back to 1913 and the strip served as Spokane's primary airport until commercial air traffic was redirected to Geiger Field after World War II.<a href="#cite_note-Airports-331">[327]</a> In 1927, the strip was one of the first in the western U.S. to receive official recognition as an airport by the U.S. Department of Commerce and is now named in honor of James Buell Felts, a Washington Air National Guard pilot.<a href="#cite_note-Airports-331">[327]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Healthcare">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DeaconessMedicalCenter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Deaconess Medical Center in Spokane's "Medical District" on the lower South Hill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/DeaconessMedicalCenter.jpg/170px-DeaconessMedicalCenter.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/DeaconessMedicalCenter.jpg/255px-DeaconessMedicalCenter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/DeaconessMedicalCenter.jpg/340px-DeaconessMedicalCenter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Deaconess Medical Center</figcaption></figure> The Spokane area has six major hospitals, four of which are full-service facilities.<a href="#cite_note-332">[328]</a> The health-care industry is a large and increasingly important industry in Spokane; the city provides specialized care to many patients from the surrounding Inland Northwest and as far north as the Canada–US border.<a href="#cite_note-333">[329]</a> The city's health-care needs are served primarily by non-profit Seattle-based <a href="/wiki/Providence_Health_%26_Services" title="Providence Health & Services">Providence Health & Services</a> and non-profit Tacoma-based <a href="/wiki/MultiCare_Health_System" title="MultiCare Health System">Multicare Health System</a>, which run the two biggest hospitals, <a href="/wiki/Providence_Sacred_Heart_Medical_Center_and_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital">Sacred Heart Medical Center</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MultiCare_Deaconess_Hospital" title="MultiCare Deaconess Hospital">Deaconess Hospital</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-334">[330]</a> These two hospitals, the 102-bed <a href="/wiki/St._Luke%27s_Rehabilitation_Institute" title="St. Luke's Rehabilitation Institute">St. Luke's Rehabilitation Institute</a>,<a href="#cite_note-335">[331]</a> 100-bed Inland Northwest Behavioral Health,<a href="#cite_note-336">[332]</a> and most of Spokane's major health-care facilities, are located on Spokane's Lower-South Hill, just south of downtown, in what is known as the "Medical District" of Spokane.<a href="#cite_note-337">[333]</a> Sacred Heart Hospital opened originally with just 31 beds<a href="#cite_note-338">[334]</a> on Spokane Falls Boulevard on January 27, 1887, but later moved to its present location at 101 West Eighth Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-339">[335]</a> As of 2014 it had 642 beds, with 28,319 admissions, 71,543 emergency room visits, and 2,982 births annually, and a full-time staff of 29 doctors and dentists and 583 registered nurses.<a href="#cite_note-340">[336]</a> Deaconess Medical Center, the smaller of the two main hospitals, had 388 beds as of 2014.<a href="#cite_note-341">[337]</a> Other hospitals in the area include the Spokane <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Health_Administration" title="Veterans Health Administration">Veterans Affairs Medical Center</a> in the northwest part of town, Providence Holy Family Hospital on the north side, and MultiCare Valley Hospital in the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Valley,_Washington" title="Spokane Valley, Washington">Spokane Valley</a>. One of 20 specialty orthopedic <a href="/wiki/Shriners_Hospitals_for_Children" title="Shriners Hospitals for Children">Shriners Hospitals</a> in the U.S. is also located in Spokane.<a href="#cite_note-342">[338]</a> One of Washington's two state <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital" title="Psychiatric hospital">psychiatric hospitals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_State_Hospital_(Washington)" title="Eastern State Hospital (Washington)">Eastern State Hospital</a>, is located 15 miles (24 km) away in <a href="/wiki/Medical_Lake,_Washington" title="Medical Lake, Washington">Medical Lake</a>.<a href="#cite_note-343">[339]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilities">Utilities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Utilities">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monroe_Street_Dam_on_Spokane_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Monroe Street Dam falls on the Spokane River" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Monroe_Street_Dam_on_Spokane_River.jpg/220px-Monroe_Street_Dam_on_Spokane_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Monroe_Street_Dam_on_Spokane_River.jpg/330px-Monroe_Street_Dam_on_Spokane_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Monroe_Street_Dam_on_Spokane_River.jpg/440px-Monroe_Street_Dam_on_Spokane_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Monroe Street Dam</figcaption></figure> The City of Spokane provides municipal <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_network" title="Water supply network">water</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">wastewater management</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Solid_waste_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid waste management">solid waste management</a>.<a href="#cite_note-344">[340]</a> Spokane operates Washington's only <a href="/wiki/Waste-to-energy" title="Waste-to-energy">waste-to-energy</a> plant as well as two solid waste <a href="/wiki/Transfer_station_(waste_management)" title="Transfer station (waste management)">transfer stations</a> as part of the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System, a collaboration between the City of Spokane and Spokane County.<a href="#cite_note-Roesler-345">[341]</a> Electricity generated by the waste-to-energy plant is used to operate the facility, with excess energy being sold to <a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound_Energy" title="Puget Sound Energy">Puget Sound Energy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Roesler-345">[341]</a> Spokane draws its water from the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_Valley%E2%80%93Rathdrum_Prairie_Aquifer" title="Spokane Valley–Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer">Spokane Valley–Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer</a>; this 370-square-mile (958 km2) "sole source aquifer" is the only water supply for Spokane County in Washington, and for <a href="/wiki/Kootenai_County,_Idaho" title="Kootenai County, Idaho">Kootenai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bonner_County,_Idaho" title="Bonner County, Idaho">Bonner</a> counties in Idaho.<a href="#cite_note-346">[342]</a> Serving over 500,000 people, the aquifer is distinguished in being one of the <a href="/wiki/Aquifers_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquifers in the United States">largest aquifers in the country</a> at 10 trillion gallons, as well as having one of the fastest <a href="/wiki/Groundwater_discharge" title="Groundwater discharge">flow rates</a> in the country at 60 feet (18 m) per day, and for its purity.<a href="#cite_note-aquifer-347">[343]</a><a href="#endnote_aquifer">[i]</a> Natural gas and electricity are provided by the local utility, <a href="/wiki/Avista_Utilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Avista Utilities">Avista Utilities</a>, while <a href="/wiki/CenturyLink" class="mw-redirect" title="CenturyLink">CenturyLink</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a> provide television, internet, and telephone service. Spokane hosts three <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectric</a> generation facilities on the Spokane River: the Upriver Dam, the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Falls_Power_Plant" title="Upper Falls Power Plant">Upper Falls Dam</a>, and the Monroe Street Dam. The Upriver Dam is owned and operated by the City of Spokane, and generates the electricity needed to operate the municipal water supply's pressure pumps.<a href="#cite_note-UpriverDam-348">[344]</a> The power generated in excess of that is sold to Avista Utilities.<a href="#cite_note-UpriverDam-348">[344]</a> The Upper Falls and Monroe Street dams are owned and operated by Avista Utilities, and have respective generation capacities of 10 and 15 <a href="/wiki/Megawatts" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatts">MW</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SpokaneDams-349">[345]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Spokane,_Washington" title="List of people from Spokane, Washington">List of people from Spokane, Washington</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Sister cities">edit</a>]</div> Spokane has six current <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister cities</a>, as designated by <a href="/wiki/Sister_Cities_International" title="Sister Cities International">Sister Cities International</a>:<a href="#cite_note-350">[346]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nishinomiya" title="Nishinomiya">Nishinomiya</a>, Japan – since September 1961 (Spokane's first sister city)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jecheon" title="Jecheon">Jecheon</a>, South Korea</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin City</a>, China</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>, Republic of Ireland</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD_City" class="mw-redirect" title="San Luis Potosí City">San Luis Potosí City</a>, Mexico</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Cagli" title="Cagli">Cagli</a>, Italy</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_House" title="Spokane House">Spokane House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Colville" title="Fort Colville">Fort Colville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Spokane" title="Fort Spokane">Fort Spokane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Falls" title="Spokane Falls">Spokane Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spokane_Fire" title="Great Spokane Fire">Great Spokane Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expo_%2774" title="Expo '74">Expo '74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Northwest" title="Inland Northwest">Inland Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Park_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Riverfront Park (Spokane, Washington)">Riverfront Park</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#ref_Spukcane">^[a]</a> The name is said to derive from Spukcane, the vocalization of a sound made by a snake which the Chief of the Spokanes came to call "power from the brain" after pondering it made his head vibrate. It is unknown when the present meaning of the word, "Sun People" replaced this earlier meaning.<a href="#cite_note-Spukcane-19">[19]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_Glover">^[b]</a> Unbeknownst to them, the Spokane Valley was the only area within 200 miles that could provide passage to the Inland Empire through the Rockies at a reasonable grade.<a href="#cite_note-p._19-33">[33]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_incorp">^[c]</a> The present name, set forth by an 1891 charter reincorporated the city under the name "Spokane Falls", stating: "The corporate name of the city is Spokane Falls, and by that name shall have perpetual succession" (Charter, Article I). However, a later article in that same charter which was voted on concurrently changed the name to "Spokane".<a href="#cite_note-351">[347]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_Transport">^[d]</a> Secretary of the Spokane chamber of commerce, John R. Reavis tells of Spokane's significance to the Inland Northwest region as an <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/entrep%C3%B4t" class="extiw" title="wikt:entrepôt">entrepôt</a> distributing center (largely the city's <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/raison_d%27%C3%AAtre" class="extiw" title="wikt:raison d'être">raison d'être</a>) in his 1891 Annual Report, writing: "By reason of her geographical position and railroad connections Spokane is fitted as no other city is, or ever can be, to be the distributing center of all that country within a radius of 150 miles, and in some instances territory much farther away. There is no point 150 miles from Spokane that is not at least 225 miles from any other city of 10,000 population. We have about us a territory of 60,000 square miles in extent, to every point of which we are nearer than any other city, to every point of which we have better railroad connections and easier grades than any other city ... We have eight lines of railroad that radiate out in all directions through it, so that shipments made here in the morning can reach any point within its borders by nightfall. We have a telephone system connecting us with almost every shipping town and shipping station within its borders. Goods may be ordered, shipped and received, in most instances, within one day. Never was a city more intimately knit to its surrounding territory than Spokane, and never was one more free from a legitimate rival in trade ..."<a href="#cite_note-352">[348]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_investment">^[e]</a> The financing for rebuilding the downtown core came in large part from the infusion of investment from Dutch bankers; this investment was so deep that by 1896, one prominent Dutch mortgage company, the Northwestern and Pacific Hypotheekbank owned a quarter of the city.<a href="#cite_note-353">[349]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_Hepburn">^[f]</a> In 1892, the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Commerce_Commission" title="Interstate Commerce Commission">Interstate Commerce Commission</a> agreed with the city after it filed a complaint about these practices, but that decision was struck down by a federal court. In 1906, Spokane sued under the newly passed <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_Act" title="Hepburn Act">Hepburn Act</a>, and won on July 24, 1911.<a href="#cite_note-354">[350]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_Douglas">^[g]</a> The exact circumstances and sequence of events regarding the discovery of the tree are obscure due to conflicting accounts. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_Averages">^[h]</a> Average monthly temperatures obtained by summing the average monthly highs and lows then dividing by 2. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_aquifer">^[i]</a> A study published in The Spokesman-Review on May 6, 1909, by City bacteriologist, Frank Rose found only seven or eight germs per cubic centimeter of water. As a standard, "water that contains 100 germs per cubic centimeter is considered comparatively pure".<a href="#cite_note-aquifer-347">[343]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_Spokesman">^[j]</a> The Spokesman-Review has been a <a href="/wiki/List_of_family-owned_newspapers_in_the_United_States" title="List of family-owned newspapers in the United States">family-owned newspaper</a> since 1894. The <a href="/wiki/Cowles_Company" title="Cowles Company">Cowles family</a> also owns the city's NBC affiliate, KHQ-TV.<a href="#cite_note-S-R-305">[301]</a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> Mean maxima and minima (i.e., the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Official records for Spokane kept at Spokane Weather Bureau Office from February 1881 to July 1889, and at Spokane International Airport since August 1889.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> Mean maxima and minima calculated based on data from November 1998 to December 2020 for months and 1999 to 2020 for years. </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> Starting on October 14, 1998. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-founding-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-founding_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-founding_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicspokane.org/HeritageTours/downtown/history.html">"Spokane History"</a>. 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United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metropolitan+and+Micropolitan+Statistical+Areas+Population+Totals%3A+2020-2023&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fdata%2Ftables%2Ftime-series%2Fdemo%2Fpopest%2F2020s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaura_Arksey2009" class="citation cs2">Laura Arksey (October 3, 2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=9176">"Spokane Falls (later renamed Spokane) is incorporated as a first-class city on November 29, 1881."</a>, <a href="/wiki/HistoryLink" title="HistoryLink">HistoryLink</a>, Seattle: History Ink, <q>The original Act of Incorporation spelled the city's name correctly, but the territorial printing office incorrectly spelled it Spokan Falls, a phonetic spelling that was used elsewhere during the period, including on the 1880 census. This spelling was also used for Spokane's first newspaper, the Spokan Times.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HistoryLink&rft.atitle=Spokane+Falls+%28later+renamed+Spokane%29+is+incorporated+as+a+first-class+city+on+November+29%2C+1881.&rft.date=2009-10-03&rft.au=Laura+Arksey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2Findex.cfm%3FDisplayPage%3Doutput.cfm%26file_id%3D9176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruby_p._5-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ruby_p._5_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruby_p._5_17-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRubyBrown2006">Ruby & Brown (2006)</a>, p. 5 </li> <li id="cite_note-Phillips-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Phillips_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Phillips_18-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPhillips1971">Phillips (1971)</a>, pp. 134–135 </li> <li id="cite_note-Spukcane-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spukcane_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spukcane_19-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRubyBrown2006">Ruby & Brown (2006)</a>, pp. 7–8 </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruby_5-6-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Ruby_5-6_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRubyBrown2006">Ruby & Brown (2006)</a>, pp. 5–6 </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRubyBrown2006">Ruby & Brown (2006)</a>, p. 34 </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruby_35-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Ruby_35_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRubyBrown2006">Ruby & Brown (2006)</a>, p. 35 </li> <li id="cite_note-Stratton19-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stratton19_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stratton19_23-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFStratton2005">Stratton (2005)</a>, p. 19 </li> <li id="cite_note-SpokaneH-24"><a href="#cite_ref-SpokaneH_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOldham2003" class="citation web cs1">Oldham, Kit (January 23, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=5099">"The North West Company establishes Spokane House in 1810"</a>. Essay 5099. HistoryLink. Retrieved December 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essay+5099&rft.atitle=The+North+West+Company+establishes+Spokane+House+in+1810&rft.date=2003-01-23&rft.aulast=Oldham&rft.aufirst=Kit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2Findex.cfm%3FDisplayPage%3Doutput.cfm%26file_id%3D5099&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeinig1993">Meinig (1993)</a>, p. 69 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRubyBrown1988">Ruby & Brown (1988)</a>, p. 75 </li> <li id="cite_note-Essay10777-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Essay10777_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Essay10777_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTate2014" class="citation web cs1">Tate, Cassandra (May 8, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=10777">"Missionaries Marcus and Narcissa Whitman begin their journey to the Northwest, one day after their wedding, on February 19, 1836"</a>. Essay 10777. HistoryLink. Retrieved November 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essay+10777&rft.atitle=Missionaries+Marcus+and+Narcissa+Whitman+begin+their+journey+to+the+Northwest%2C+one+day+after+their+wedding%2C+on+February+19%2C+1836.&rft.date=2014-05-08&rft.aulast=Tate&rft.aufirst=Cassandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2Findex.cfm%3FDisplayPage%3Doutput.cfm%26file_id%3D10777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTate2013" class="citation web cs1">Tate, Cassandra (April 3, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=10365">"Cayuse Indians"</a>. Essay 10365. HistoryLink. Retrieved November 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essay+10365&rft.atitle=Cayuse+Indians&rft.date=2013-04-03&rft.aulast=Tate&rft.aufirst=Cassandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2Findex.cfm%3FDisplayPage%3Doutput.cfm%26file_id%3D10365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKershner2008" class="citation web cs1">Kershner, Jim (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=8713">"Chief Spokane Garry (ca. 1811–1892)"</a>. Essay 8713. HistoryLink. Retrieved November 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essay+8713&rft.atitle=Chief+Spokane+Garry+%28ca.+1811%E2%80%931892%29&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.aulast=Kershner&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2Findex.cfm%3FDisplayPage%3Doutput.cfm%26file_id%3D8713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStratton2005">Stratton (2005)</a>, pp. 81–83 </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStratton2005">Stratton (2005)</a>, p. 84 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilma2003" class="citation web cs1">Wilma, David (January 29, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=5141">"U.S. Army Colonel George Wright hangs Yakama and Palouse prisoners at the Ned-Whauld River beginning on September 25, 1858"</a>. Essay 5141. HistoryLink. Retrieved December 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essay+5141&rft.atitle=U.S.+Army+Colonel+George+Wright+hangs+Yakama+and+Palouse+prisoners+at+the+Ned-Whauld+River+beginning+on+September+25%2C+1858&rft.date=2003-01-29&rft.aulast=Wilma&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2Findex.cfm%3FDisplayPage%3Doutput.cfm%26file_id%3D5141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p._19-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p._19_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-p._19_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-p._19_33-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-p._19_33-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-p._19_33-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFKensel1971">Kensel (1971)</a>, p. 19 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilma2003" class="citation web cs1">Wilma, David (January 27, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=5132">"J. J. Downing and S. R. Scranton file claims and build a sawmill at Spokane Falls in May 1871"</a>. Essay 5132. HistoryLink. Retrieved December 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essay+5132&rft.atitle=J.+J.+Downing+and+S.+R.+Scranton+file+claims+and+build+a+sawmill+at+Spokane+Falls+in+May+1871&rft.date=2003-01-27&rft.aulast=Wilma&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2Findex.cfm%3FDisplayPage%3Doutput.cfm%26file_id%3D5132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchmeltzer1988">Schmeltzer (1988)</a>, p. 39 </li> <li id="cite_note-p._20-36"><a href="#cite_ref-p._20_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKensel1971">Kensel (1971)</a>, p. 20 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Durham (1912), p. 362–363 </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Schmeltzer (1988), p. 40 </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOldham2003" class="citation web cs1">Oldham, Kit (March 4, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=5358">"U.S. Army establishes Fort Spokane at the junction of the Spokane and Columbia rivers in 1882"</a>. Essay 5358. HistoryLink. Retrieved December 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essay+5358&rft.atitle=U.S.+Army+establishes+Fort+Spokane+at+the+junction+of+the+Spokane+and+Columbia+rivers+in+1882&rft.date=2003-03-04&rft.aulast=Oldham&rft.aufirst=Kit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2Findex.cfm%3FDisplayPage%3Doutput.cfm%26file_id%3D5358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKensel1971">Kensel (1971)</a>, p. 23 </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilma2003" class="citation web cs1">Wilma, David (January 28, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=5137">"First train arrives at Spokane Falls on June 25, 1881"</a>. Essay 5137. HistoryLink.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essay+5137&rft.atitle=First+train+arrives+at+Spokane+Falls+on+June+25%2C+1881&rft.date=2003-01-28&rft.aulast=Wilma&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2Findex.cfm%3FDisplayPage%3Doutput.cfm%26file_id%3D5137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Durham_p._362-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Durham_p._362_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Durham_p._362_42-1">b</a> Durham (1912), p. 362 </li> <li id="cite_note-Incorporation-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Incorporation_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Incorporation_43-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArksey2009" class="citation web cs1">Arksey, Laura (October 3, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=9176">"Spokane Falls (later renamed Spokane) is incorporated as a first-class city on November 29, 1881"</a>. Essay 9176. HistoryLink. Retrieved December 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essay+9176&rft.atitle=Spokane+Falls+%28later+renamed+Spokane%29+is+incorporated+as+a+first-class+city+on+November+29%2C+1881&rft.date=2009-10-03&rft.aulast=Arksey&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2Findex.cfm%3FDisplayPage%3Doutput.cfm%26file_id%3D9176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKensel1971">Kensel (1971)</a>, pp. 22–23 </li> <li id="cite_note-Railroads-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Railroads_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Railroads_45-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Railroads_45-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFStratton2005">Stratton (2005)</a>, p. 33 </li> <li id="cite_note-p._28-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p._28_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-p._28_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-p._28_46-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFStratton2005">Stratton (2005)</a>, p. 28 </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Kensel (1969), pp. 88–89 </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Kensel (1969), p. 85. According to the Spokane Falls Review December 1, 1883, edition. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Kensel (1969), pp. 85–89 </li> <li id="cite_note-GreatSpokaneFire-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GreatSpokaneFire_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreatSpokaneFire_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreatSpokaneFire_50-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArksey2006" class="citation web cs1">Arksey, Laura (March 20, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&File_Id=7696">"Great Spokane Fire destroys downtown Spokane Falls on August 4, 1889"</a>. Essay 7696. HistoryLink. Retrieved December 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essay+7696&rft.atitle=Great+Spokane+Fire+destroys+downtown+Spokane+Falls+on+August+4%2C+1889&rft.date=2006-03-20&rft.aulast=Arksey&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2Findex.cfm%3FDisplayPage%3Doutput.cfm%26File_Id%3D7696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Schmeltzer (1988), pp. 42–43 </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmeltzer_44-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schmeltzer_44_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmeltzer_44_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmeltzer_44_52-2">c</a> Schmeltzer (1988), p. 44 </li> <li id="cite_note-Creighton7-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Creighton7_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Creighton7_53-1">b</a> Creighton (2013), p. 7 </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Williamson (2010), p. 7 </li> <li id="cite_note-Hillyard-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hillyard_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hillyard_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hillyard_55-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hillyard_55-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hillyard_55-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKershner2007" class="citation web cs1">Kershner, Jim (December 15, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=8406">"Spokane Neighborhoods: Hillyard – Thumbnail History"</a>. Essay 8406. HistoryLink. Retrieved December 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essay+8406&rft.atitle=Spokane+Neighborhoods%3A+Hillyard+%E2%80%93+Thumbnail+History&rft.date=2007-12-15&rft.aulast=Kershner&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2Findex.cfm%3FDisplayPage%3Doutput.cfm%26file_id%3D8406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmeltzerp.41-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schmeltzerp.41_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmeltzerp.41_56-1">b</a> Schmeltzer (1988), p. 41 </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Stratton (2005), pp. 29–30, 32–33 </li> <li id="cite_note-Malone-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Malone_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malone_58-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malone_58-2">c</a> Malone (1996), p. 201 </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStratton2005">Stratton (2005)</a>, p. 32 </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AINOAQAAIAAJ&q=spokane+gateway+city&pg=RA5-PA2">"Spokane, Gateway City: Metropolis of the Inland Empire"</a>. Railway Employees Magazine and Journal. 6 (1). San Francisco, California: Stanford University: 2. 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Essay 7357. HistoryLink. 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Retrieved May 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census.gov%3A+Decennial+Census+of+Population+and+Housing&rft.pub=Census.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-censusbulletin110-156"><a href="#cite_ref-censusbulletin110_156-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=McDrAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22spokane%22&pg=PP2">"Census Bulletin No. 110"</a>. 1891.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Bulletin+No.+110&rft.date=1891&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMcDrAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3D%2522spokane%2522%26pg%3DPP2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cen2010popbydecade1-157"><a href="#cite_ref-cen2010popbydecade1_157-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-1.pdf#page=508">"Census.gov: Rank of Places of 100,000 or More by 2010 Population: 1790 to 2010 (1890-1960)"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census.gov%3A+Rank+of+Places+of+100%2C000+or+More+by+2010+Population%3A+1790+to+2010+%281890-1960%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fcen2010%2Fcph-2-1.pdf%23page%3D508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cen2010popbydecade2-158"><a href="#cite_ref-cen2010popbydecade2_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-1.pdf#page=507">"Census.gov: Rank of Places of 100,000 or More by 2010 Population: 1790 to 2010 (1970-2010)"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census.gov%3A+Rank+of+Places+of+100%2C000+or+More+by+2010+Population%3A+1790+to+2010+%281970-2010%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fcen2010%2Fcph-2-1.pdf%23page%3D507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-censuspop2020-159"><a href="#cite_ref-censuspop2020_159-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/spokanecitywashington/POP010220">"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts - Population, Census, April 1, 2020 - Spokane city, Washington"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau+QuickFacts+-+Population%2C+Census%2C+April+1%2C+2020+-+Spokane+city%2C+Washington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Fspokanecitywashington%2FPOP010220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DP05-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DP05_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DP05_160-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DP05_160-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DP05_160-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DP05_160-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDP1Y2022.DP05?g=160XX00US5367000">"2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Demographic and Housing Estimates for Spokane city, WA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved June 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+American+Community+Survey+1+Year+Estimate%3A+Demographic+and+Housing+Estimates+for+Spokane+city%2C+WA&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FACSDP1Y2022.DP05%3Fg%3D160XX00US5367000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DP02-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DP02_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DP02_161-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DP02_161-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DP02_161-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDP1Y2022.DP02?g=160XX00US5367000">"2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Selected Social Characteristics in the United States for Spokane city, WA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved June 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+American+Community+Survey+1+Year+Estimate%3A+Selected+Social+Characteristics+in+the+United+States+for+Spokane+city%2C+WA&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FACSDP1Y2022.DP02%3Fg%3D160XX00US5367000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaz2023-162"><a href="#cite_ref-Gaz2023_162-0">^</a> To calculate density we use the land area figure from the places file in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html">"The 2023 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+2023+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeographies%2Freference-files%2Ftime-series%2Fgeo%2Fgazetteer-files.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-B25001-163"><a href="#cite_ref-B25001_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2022.B25001?g=160XX00US5367000">"2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Housing Units for Spokane city, WA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved June 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+American+Community+Survey+1+Year+Estimate%3A+Housing+Units+for+Spokane+city%2C+WA&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FACSDT1Y2022.B25001%3Fg%3D160XX00US5367000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-S0101-164"><a href="#cite_ref-S0101_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S0101?g=160XX00US5367000">"2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Age and Sex for Spokane city, WA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved June 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+American+Community+Survey+1+Year+Estimate%3A+Age+and+Sex+for+Spokane+city%2C+WA&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FACSST1Y2022.S0101%3Fg%3D160XX00US5367000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-S1902-165"><a href="#cite_ref-S1902_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S1902?g=160XX00US5367000">"2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Mean Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2022 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) for Spokane city, WA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved June 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+American+Community+Survey+1+Year+Estimate%3A+Mean+Income+in+the+Past+12+Months+%28in+2022+Inflation-Adjusted+Dollars%29+for+Spokane+city%2C+WA&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FACSST1Y2022.S1902%3Fg%3D160XX00US5367000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-S1901-166"><a href="#cite_ref-S1901_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S1901?g=160XX00US5367000">"2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2022 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) for Spokane city, WA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved June 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+American+Community+Survey+1+Year+Estimate%3A+Income+in+the+Past+12+Months+%28in+2022+Inflation-Adjusted+Dollars%29+for+Spokane+city%2C+WA&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FACSST1Y2022.S1901%3Fg%3D160XX00US5367000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-S2001-167"><a href="#cite_ref-S2001_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S2001?g=160XX00US5367000">"2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2022 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) for Spokane city, WA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved June 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+American+Community+Survey+1+Year+Estimate%3A+Earnings+in+the+Past+12+Months+%28in+2022+Inflation-Adjusted+Dollars%29+for+Spokane+city%2C+WA&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FACSST1Y2022.S2001%3Fg%3D160XX00US5367000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-S1701-168"><a href="#cite_ref-S1701_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S1701?g=160XX00US5367000">"2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months for Spokane city, WA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved June 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+American+Community+Survey+1+Year+Estimate%3A+Poverty+Status+in+the+Past+12+Months+for+Spokane+city%2C+WA&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FACSST1Y2022.S1701%3Fg%3D160XX00US5367000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000CensusP004-169"><a href="#cite_ref-2000CensusP004_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US5367000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004">"P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Spokane city, Washington"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P004%3A+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2000%3A+DEC+Summary+File+1+%E2%80%93+Spokane+city%2C+Washington&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fg%3D160XX00US5367000%26tid%3DDECENNIALSF12000.P004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010CensusP2-170"><a href="#cite_ref-2010CensusP2_170-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2010.P2?q=p2&g=160XX00US5367000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2">"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Spokane city, Washington"</a>. United States Census Bureau. 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Caldwell, Idaho: The Caxton Printers, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-258-21546-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-258-21546-0"><bdi>978-1-258-21546-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=News+for+an+Empire%3A+The+Story+of+The+Spokesman-Review+of+Spokane%2C+Washington+and+of+the+Field+It+Serves&rft.place=Caldwell%2C+Idaho&rft.pub=The+Caxton+Printers%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=1952&rft.isbn=978-1-258-21546-0&rft.aulast=Dyar&rft.aufirst=Ralph+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoxLevin2014" class="citation book cs1">Fox, James Alan; Levin, Jack (April 29, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4VMXBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA144">Extreme Killing: Understanding Serial and Mass Murder: Understanding Serial and Mass Murder</a>. SAGE Publications. pp. 144–145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4833-5280-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4833-5280-0"><bdi>978-1-4833-5280-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extreme+Killing%3A+Understanding+Serial+and+Mass+Murder%3A+Understanding+Serial+and+Mass+Murder&rft.pages=144-145&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2014-04-29&rft.isbn=978-1-4833-5280-0&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=James+Alan&rft.au=Levin%2C+Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4VMXBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKensel1968" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._Hudson_Kensel" title="W. 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Boise, Idaho: Idaho State Historical Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hudson.kensel.com/downloads/Spokane_The_First_Decade_W_Hudson_Kensel_Spring_1971.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on November 1, 2019. Retrieved October 9, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Idaho+Yesterdays&rft.atitle=Spokane%3A+The+First+Decade&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Kensel&rft.aufirst=W.H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhudson.kensel.com%2Fdownloads%2FSpokane_The_First_Decade_W_Hudson_Kensel_Spring_1971.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKienholz1999" class="citation book cs1">Kienholz, M. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ss4UWqEx0w0C&pg=PA188">Police Files: The Spokane Experience 1853–1995</a>. Mary Kienholz. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87062-286-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87062-286-1"><bdi>978-0-87062-286-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Police+Files%3A+The+Spokane+Experience+1853%E2%80%931995&rft.pub=Mary+Kienholz&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-87062-286-1&rft.aulast=Kienholz&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dss4UWqEx0w0C%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanders2003" class="citation book cs1">Landers, Rich (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2JxK5cnh3uAC&pg=PA92">100 Hikes in the Inland Northwest: Eastern Washington, Northern Rockies, Wallowas</a>. The Mountaineers Books. pp. 90–95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89886-908-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89886-908-8"><bdi>978-0-89886-908-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+Hikes+in+the+Inland+Northwest%3A+Eastern+Washington%2C+Northern+Rockies%2C+Wallowas&rft.pages=90-95&rft.pub=The+Mountaineers+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-89886-908-8&rft.aulast=Landers&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2JxK5cnh3uAC%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalone1996" class="citation book cs1">Malone, Michael P. 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Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2860-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2860-3"><bdi>978-0-8061-2860-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=James+J.+Hill%3A+Empire+Builder+of+the+Northwest&rft.place=Norman%2C+Oklahoma&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-2860-3&rft.aulast=Malone&rft.aufirst=Michael+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D23ZkL2EuxSkC%26q%3DSpokane%2BCapital%2Bof%2Bthe%2BInland%2BEmpire%26pg%3DPA201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeinig1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/D.W._Meinig" class="mw-redirect" title="D.W. 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The Mountaineers Books. p. 270. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89886-893-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89886-893-7"><bdi>978-0-89886-893-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Washington+State+Parks%3A+A+Complete+Recreation+Guide&rft.pages=270&rft.pub=The+Mountaineers+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-89886-893-7&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=Marge&rft.au=Mueller%2C+Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1wq1lfr271oC%26pg%3DPA270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips1971" class="citation book cs1">Phillips, James W. (1971). Washington State Place Names. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-295-95158-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-295-95158-3"><bdi>0-295-95158-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Washington+State+Place+Names&rft.place=Seattle%2C+Washington&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-295-95158-3&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=James+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopejoy2010" class="citation book cs1">Popejoy, Don (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kh2s2HcKhG4C&pg=PA98">Early Spokane</a>. Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4396-2528-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4396-2528-6"><bdi>978-1-4396-2528-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Spokane&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4396-2528-6&rft.aulast=Popejoy&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKh2s2HcKhG4C%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubyBrown2006" class="citation book cs1">Ruby, Robert H.; Brown, John A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qUwYm6e8UxgC">The Spokane Indians: Children of the Sun</a>. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-3761-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-3761-2"><bdi>978-0-8061-3761-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spokane+Indians%3A+Children+of+the+Sun&rft.place=Norman%2C+Oklahoma&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-3761-2&rft.aulast=Ruby&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft.au=Brown%2C+John+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqUwYm6e8UxgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubyBrown1988" class="citation book cs1">Ruby, Robert H.; Brown, John Arthur (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ww8odDD86oAC&pg=PA75">Indians of the Pacific Northwest: A History</a>. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2113-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2113-0"><bdi>978-0-8061-2113-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indians+of+the+Pacific+Northwest%3A+A+History&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-2113-0&rft.aulast=Ruby&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft.au=Brown%2C+John+Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWw8odDD86oAC%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmeltzer1988" class="citation book cs1">Schmeltzer, Michael (1988). Spokane: The City and The People. Helena, Montana: American Geographic Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-938314-53-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-938314-53-0"><bdi>978-0-938314-53-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spokane%3A+The+City+and+The+People&rft.place=Helena%2C+Montana&rft.pub=American+Geographic+Publishing&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-938314-53-0&rft.aulast=Schmeltzer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt1995" class="citation book cs1">Schmidt, Leigh E. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=maF8mTPsJqsC&q=father%27s+day&pg=PA276">"The Invention of Father's Day: The Humbug of Modern Ritual"</a>. Consumer Rites: The Buying & Selling of American Holidays. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-01721-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-01721-1"><bdi>978-0-691-01721-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Invention+of+Father%27s+Day%3A+The+Humbug+of+Modern+Ritual&rft.btitle=Consumer+Rites%3A+The+Buying+%26+Selling+of+American+Holidays&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-691-01721-1&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Leigh+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmaF8mTPsJqsC%26q%3Dfather%2527s%2Bday%26pg%3DPA276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoltero1992" class="citation book cs1">Soltero, Raymond A. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tkLRW9KMzhsC&pg=PA459">"The Changing Spokane River Watershed"</a>. In Robert J. Naiman (ed.). Watershed Management: Balancing Sustainability and Environmental Change. New York, New York: Springer-Verlag. pp. 458–478. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-94232-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-94232-2"><bdi>978-0-387-94232-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Changing+Spokane+River+Watershed&rft.btitle=Watershed+Management%3A+Balancing+Sustainability+and+Environmental+Change&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=458-478&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-387-94232-2&rft.aulast=Soltero&rft.aufirst=Raymond+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtkLRW9KMzhsC%26pg%3DPA459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpirou2011" class="citation book cs1">Spirou, Costas (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1dOsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA210">Urban Tourism and Urban Change: Cities in a Global Economy</a>. Routledge. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-85903-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-85903-8"><bdi>978-1-136-85903-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+Tourism+and+Urban+Change%3A+Cities+in+a+Global+Economy&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-136-85903-8&rft.aulast=Spirou&rft.aufirst=Costas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1dOsAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStratton2005" class="citation book cs1">Stratton, David H. (2005). Spokane and the Inland Empire: An Interior Pacific Northwest Anthology. Pullman, Washington: Washington State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87422-277-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87422-277-7"><bdi>978-0-87422-277-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spokane+and+the+Inland+Empire%3A+An+Interior+Pacific+Northwest+Anthology&rft.place=Pullman%2C+Washington&rft.pub=Washington+State+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-87422-277-7&rft.aulast=Stratton&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWare2004" class="citation book cs1">Ware, Susan (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WSaMu4F06AQC&pg=PA339">Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01488-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01488-6"><bdi>978-0-674-01488-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notable+American+Women%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary+Completing+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01488-6&rft.aulast=Ware&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWSaMu4F06AQC%26pg%3DPA339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson2010" class="citation book cs1">Williamson, Jerrelene (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U51zl3w2MicC&pg=PA7">African Americans in Spokane</a>. Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-7011-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-7011-2"><bdi>978-0-7385-7011-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+Americans+in+Spokane&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7385-7011-2&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=Jerrelene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU51zl3w2MicC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungYoung1999" class="citation book cs1">Young, Don; Young, Marjorie (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=89cgOTHRpUEC&q=spokane+skywalk&pg=RA1-PA328">Adventure Guide to Pacific Northwest (Adventure Guide to the Pacific Northwest)</a>. Edison, New Jersey: Hunter Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55650-844-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55650-844-8"><bdi>978-1-55650-844-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adventure+Guide+to+Pacific+Northwest+%28Adventure+Guide+to+the+Pacific+Northwest%29&rft.place=Edison%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Hunter+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-55650-844-8&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Don&rft.au=Young%2C+Marjorie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D89cgOTHRpUEC%26q%3Dspokane%2Bskywalk%26pg%3DRA1-PA328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Bamonte, Tony; Bamonte, Suzanne (2011). Spokane Our Early History Under All is the Land. Spokane, Washington: Tornado Creek Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0982152935" title="Special:BookSources/978-0982152935"><bdi>978-0982152935</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/759122758">759122758</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spokane+Our+Early+History+Under+All+is+the+Land&rft.place=Spokane%2C+Washington&rft.pub=Tornado+Creek+Publications&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F759122758&rft.isbn=978-0982152935&rft.aulast=Bamonte&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.au=Bamonte%2C+Suzanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Edwards, Jonathan; Nelson Durham (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.secstate.wa.gov/history/publications_view.aspx?pub=100&p=314&i=images/publications/SL_edwardsillustrated/directory.djvu">Illustrated history of Spokane county</a> (<a href="/wiki/DJVU" class="mw-redirect" title="DJVU">DJVU</a>). Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection. Spokane, Washington: W.H. Lever. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-153-38635-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-153-38635-7"><bdi>978-1-153-38635-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/25321986">25321986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+history+of+Spokane+county&rft.place=Spokane%2C+Washington&rft.pub=W.H.+Lever&rft.date=1900&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F25321986&rft.isbn=978-1-153-38635-7&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Nelson+Durham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.secstate.wa.gov%2Fhistory%2Fpublications_view.aspx%3Fpub%3D100%26p%3D314%26i%3Dimages%2Fpublications%2FSL_edwardsillustrated%2Fdirectory.djvu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">MacGibbon, Elma (1904). "Spokane and the Inland Empire". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.secstate.wa.gov/history/publications%5Fdetail.aspx?p=63">Leaves of knowledge</a> (<a href="/wiki/DJVU" class="mw-redirect" title="DJVU">DJVU</a>). Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection. Spokane, Washington: Shaw & Borden. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-110-68499-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-110-68499-1"><bdi>978-1-110-68499-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61326250">61326250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Spokane+and+the+Inland+Empire&rft.btitle=Leaves+of+knowledge&rft.place=Spokane%2C+Washington&rft.pub=Shaw+%26+Borden&rft.date=1904&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F61326250&rft.isbn=978-1-110-68499-1&rft.aulast=MacGibbon&rft.aufirst=Elma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.secstate.wa.gov%2Fhistory%2Fpublications%255Fdetail.aspx%3Fp%3D63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Matthews, Henry (1998). Kirtland Cutter: Architect in the Land of Promise. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98766-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98766-8"><bdi>978-0-295-98766-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38536054">38536054</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kirtland+Cutter%3A+Architect+in+the+Land+of+Promise&rft.place=Seattle%2C+Washington&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38536054&rft.isbn=978-0-295-98766-8&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Meinig, Donald W. (1968). The Great Columbia Plain; a historical geography, 1805–1910. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-97485-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-97485-9"><bdi>978-0-295-97485-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/436410">436410</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Columbia+Plain%3B+a+historical+geography%2C+1805%E2%80%931910&rft.place=Seattle%2C+Washington&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F436410&rft.isbn=978-0-295-97485-9&rft.aulast=Meinig&rft.aufirst=Donald+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Morrissey, Katherine G. (1997). "Inset – Spokane". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mentalterritorie0000morr">Mental Territories: Mapping the Inland Empire</a>. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8326-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8326-4"><bdi>978-0-8014-8326-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/37187429">37187429</a>. <q>Mental Territories: Mapping the Inland Empire.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Inset+%E2%80%93+Spokane&rft.btitle=Mental+Territories%3A+Mapping+the+Inland+Empire&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F37187429&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-8326-4&rft.aulast=Morrissey&rft.aufirst=Katherine+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmentalterritorie0000morr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Schmeltzer, Michael (1996). Spokane: A City for Living. Helena, Montana: American & World Geographic Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1560371052" title="Special:BookSources/978-1560371052"><bdi>978-1560371052</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/35008269">35008269</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spokane%3A+A+City+for+Living&rft.place=Helena%2C+Montana&rft.pub=American+%26+World+Geographic+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35008269&rft.isbn=978-1560371052&rft.aulast=Schmeltzer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Wang, David (2003). Sounding Spokane: perspectives on the built environment of a regional city. Spokane, Washington: Eastern Washington University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-910055-85-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-910055-85-7"><bdi>978-0-910055-85-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51306066">51306066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sounding+Spokane%3A+perspectives+on+the+built+environment+of+a+regional+city&rft.place=Spokane%2C+Washington&rft.pub=Eastern+Washington+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51306066&rft.isbn=978-0-910055-85-7&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Youngs, William T. (1996). The Fair and the Falls: Spokane Expo '74: Transforming an American environment. Cheney, Washington: Eastern Washington University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-910055-33-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-910055-33-8"><bdi>978-0-910055-33-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/866331426">866331426</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fair+and+the+Falls%3A+Spokane+Expo+%2774%3A+Transforming+an+American+environment&rft.place=Cheney%2C+Washington&rft.pub=Eastern+Washington+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F866331426&rft.isbn=978-0-910055-33-8&rft.aulast=Youngs&rft.aufirst=William+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpokane%2C+Washington" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Spokane" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Spokane">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Spokane" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Spokane">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Spokane" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Spokane">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Spokane" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Spokane">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Spokane" class="extiw" title="voy:Spokane">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://my.spokanecity.org/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitspokane.com/">Visit Spokane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greaterspokane.org/">Greater Spokane Incorporated</a>, Chamber of commerce</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicspokane.org/">City – County of Spokane Historic Preservation Office</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spokanehistorical.org/">Spokane Historical</a>, A public history project at Eastern Washington University</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.communityindicators.ewu.edu/index.cfm">Spokane Community Indicators</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_City_of_Spokane" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spokane" title="Template talk:Spokane"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spokane" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spokane"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_City_of_Spokane" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Spokane%2C_Washington_%282021%E2%80%93present%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spokane%2C_Washington_%282021%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Spokane%2C_Washington_%282021%E2%80%93present%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spokane%2C_Washington_%282021%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Spokane%2C_Washington_%282021%E2%80%93present%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Spokane%2C_Washington_%282021%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="288" /> <a href="/wiki/Spokane" class="mw-redirect" title="Spokane">City of Spokane</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The Lilac City</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Spokane,_Washington" title="Category:Spokane, Washington">About</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spokane,_Washington" title="History of Spokane, Washington">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Spokane,_Washington" title="Timeline of Spokane, Washington">Timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Spokane" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Spokane">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Spokane" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Spokane">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Spokane,_Washington" title="Sports in Spokane, Washington">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Spokane,_Washington" title="Neighborhoods in Spokane, Washington">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Spokane,_Washington" title="Architecture of Spokane, Washington">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Spokane" title="List of tallest buildings in Spokane">Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Spokane_County,_Washington" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Spokane County, Washington">National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Spokane,_Washington" title="Category:Mass media in Spokane, Washington">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Spokane" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people from Spokane">People</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Brown_(Washington_politician)" title="Lisa Brown (Washington politician)">Mayor Lisa Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Spokane,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Spokane, Washington">Former mayors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Park_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Riverfront Park (Spokane, Washington)">Riverfront Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Falls" title="Spokane Falls">Spokane Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Park_Carousel" title="Riverfront Park Carousel">Looff Carousel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerica_Skate_Ribbon" title="Numerica Skate Ribbon">Numerica Skate Ribbon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manito_Park_and_Botanical_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Manito Park and Botanical Gardens">Manito Park and Botanical Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Finch_Arboretum" title="John A. Finch Arboretum">Finch Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Bridge_Park" title="High Bridge Park">High Bridge Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Park_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Liberty Park (Spokane, Washington)">Liberty Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts and theater</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby_Theater" title="Bing Crosby Theater">Bing Crosby Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Theater_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Fox Theater (Spokane, Washington)">Fox Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland_Theater" title="Garland Theater">Garland Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Civic_Theatre" title="Spokane Civic Theatre">Spokane Civic Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Interstate_Center_for_the_Arts" title="First Interstate Center for the Arts">First Interstate Center for the Arts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Street_Bridge_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="Monroe Street Bridge (Spokane, Washington)">Monroe Street Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Davenport_Hotel_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="The Davenport Hotel (Spokane, Washington)">The Davenport Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Convention_Center" title="Spokane Convention Center">Spokane Convention Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Spokane,_Washington" title="Flag of Spokane, Washington">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Spokane,_Washington#Colleges_and_universities" title="Education in Spokane, Washington">Colleges and universities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="University_District" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/University_District_(Spokane,_Washington)" title="University District (Spokane, Washington)">University District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_University" title="Gonzaga University">Gonzaga University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverpoint_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverpoint Campus">Riverpoint Campus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_University_Spokane" title="Washington State University Spokane">Washington State University Spokane</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Community_Colleges_of_Spokane" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_Colleges_of_Spokane" title="Community Colleges of Spokane">Community Colleges of Spokane</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Community_College" title="Spokane Community College">Spokane Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Falls_Community_College" title="Spokane Falls Community College">Spokane Falls Community College</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Other" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whitworth_University" title="Whitworth University">Whitworth University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Spokane,_Washington" title="Sports in Spokane, Washington">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lilac_Bloomsday_Run" title="Lilac Bloomsday Run">Bloomsday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Hoopfest" title="Spokane Hoopfest">Hoopfest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Veterans_Memorial_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Spokane Veterans Memorial Arena">Spokane Veterans Memorial Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Spokane_Stadium" title="One Spokane Stadium">One Spokane Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avista_Stadium" title="Avista Stadium">Avista Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Podium_(sports_facility)" title="The Podium (sports facility)">The Podium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthey_Athletic_Center" title="McCarthey Athletic Center">McCarthey Athletic Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Y._Martin_Centre" title="Charlotte Y. Martin Centre">Charlotte Y. Martin Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Franchises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Indians" title="Spokane Indians">Spokane Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Chiefs" title="Spokane Chiefs">Spokane Chiefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Velocity" title="Spokane Velocity">Spokane Velocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Zephyr_FC" title="Spokane Zephyr FC">Spokane Zephyr FC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Intermodal_Center" title="Spokane Intermodal Center">Spokane Intermodal Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_International_Airport" title="Spokane International Airport">Spokane International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Transit_Authority" title="Spokane Transit Authority">Spokane Transit Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-style: italic"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_County,_Washington" title="Spokane County, Washington">Spokane County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_metropolitan_area" title="Spokane metropolitan area">Spokane metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington (state)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Spokane_County,_Washington,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#B4DDB4;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spokane_County,_Washington" title="Template:Spokane County, Washington"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spokane_County,_Washington" title="Template talk:Spokane County, Washington"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spokane_County,_Washington" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spokane County, Washington"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Spokane_County,_Washington,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Spokane_County,_Washington" title="Spokane County, Washington">Spokane County, Washington</a>, United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#B4DDB4;color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spokane</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B4DDB4;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Washington">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airway_Heights,_Washington" title="Airway Heights, Washington">Airway Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheney,_Washington" title="Cheney, Washington">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_Park,_Washington" title="Deer Park, Washington">Deer Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Lake,_Washington" title="Liberty Lake, Washington">Liberty Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Lake,_Washington" title="Medical Lake, Washington">Medical Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millwood,_Washington" title="Millwood, Washington">Millwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spangle,_Washington" title="Spangle, Washington">Spangle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spokane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Valley,_Washington" title="Spokane Valley, Washington">Spokane Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Map_of_Washington_highlighting_Spokane_County.svg/100px-Map_of_Washington_highlighting_Spokane_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Map_of_Washington_highlighting_Spokane_County.svg/150px-Map_of_Washington_highlighting_Spokane_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Map_of_Washington_highlighting_Spokane_County.svg/200px-Map_of_Washington_highlighting_Spokane_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1696" data-file-height="1104" /><figcaption>Map of Washington highlighting Spokane County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B4DDB4;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="List of towns in Washington">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Washington" title="Fairfield, Washington">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latah,_Washington" title="Latah, Washington">Latah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Washington" title="Rockford, Washington">Rockford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waverly,_Washington" title="Waverly, Washington">Waverly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B4DDB4;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Washington" title="List of census-designated places in Washington">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_Homes,_Washington" title="Country Homes, Washington">Country Homes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Air_Force_Base" title="Fairchild Air Force Base">Fairchild AFB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairwood,_Spokane_County,_Washington" title="Fairwood, Spokane County, Washington">Fairwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Lakes,_Washington" title="Four Lakes, Washington">Four Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bluff,_Washington" title="Green Bluff, Washington">Green Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mead,_Washington" title="Mead, Washington">Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_Orchards-East_Farms,_Washington" title="Otis Orchards-East Farms, Washington">Otis Orchards-East Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_and_Country,_Washington" title="Town and Country, Washington">Town and Country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B4DDB4;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_unincorporated_communities_in_Washington" title="List of unincorporated communities in Washington">Unincorporated communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber,_Washington" title="Amber, Washington">Amber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckeye,_Washington" title="Buckeye, Washington">Buckeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattaroy,_Washington" title="Chattaroy, Washington">Chattaroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colbert,_Washington" title="Colbert, Washington">Colbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartford,_Washington" title="Dartford, Washington">Dartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Creek,_Washington" title="Deep Creek, Washington">Deep Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denison,_Washington" title="Denison, Washington">Denison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamite,_Washington" title="Dynamite, Washington">Dynamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elk,_Washington" title="Elk, Washington">Elk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espanola,_Washington" title="Espanola, Washington">Espanola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman,_Washington" title="Freeman, Washington">Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geiger_Heights,_Washington" title="Geiger Heights, Washington">Geiger Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenrose,_Washington" title="Glenrose, Washington">Glenrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard,_Washington" title="Hazard, Washington">Hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall,_Washington" title="Marshall, Washington">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mica,_Washington" title="Mica, Washington">Mica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan,_Washington" title="Milan, Washington">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman_Lake,_Washington" title="Newman Lake, Washington">Newman Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Mile_Falls,_Washington" title="Nine Mile Falls, Washington">Nine Mile Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard_Prairie,_Washington" title="Orchard Prairie, Washington">Orchard Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peone,_Washington" title="Peone, Washington">Peone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza,_Washington" title="Plaza, Washington">Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Bridge,_Washington" title="Spokane Bridge, Washington">Spokane Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler,_Washington" title="Tyler, Washington">Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valleyford,_Washington" title="Valleyford, Washington">Valleyford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B4DDB4;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mock,_Washington" title="Mock, Washington">Mock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodna,_Washington" title="Rodna, Washington">Rodna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#B4DDB4;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Washington_(state)" title="Portal:Washington (state)">Washington portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Washington" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Washington" title="Template:Washington"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Washington" title="Template talk:Washington"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Washington" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Washington"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Washington" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;"><div><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Washington_(state)-related_articles" title="Index of Washington (state)-related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Washington_(state)" title="Outline of Washington (state)">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change in Washington (state)">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Washington" title="List of municipalities in Washington">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Washington" title="List of census-designated places in Washington">Census-designated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_lands_in_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of federal lands in Washington (state)">Federal lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_Washington" title="List of Indian reservations in Washington">Indian reservations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)#Geography" title="Washington (state)">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Washington" title="List of earthquakes in Washington">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Washington_(state)" title="History of Washington (state)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_highways_in_Washington" title="State highways in Washington">Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Washington_(state)" title="Music of Washington (state)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_state_parks" title="List of Washington state parks">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Washington_(state)" title="List of people from Washington (state)">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_state_symbols" title="List of Washington state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Washington_(state)" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Washington (state)">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;;width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Washington_(state)" title="Abortion in Washington (state)">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)" title="Cannabis in Washington (state)">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Washington_(state)" title="Crime in Washington (state)">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Washington (state)">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Washington (state)">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Washington_(state)" title="Economy of Washington (state)">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Washington (state)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Washington_(state)" title="Gun laws in Washington (state)">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Washington (state)">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Washington (state)">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)#Politics" title="Washington (state)">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;;width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B4DDB4"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Washington_(state)" title="Government of Washington (state)">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Washington_(state)" title="Law of Washington (state)">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Washington" title="Constitution of Washington">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Washington" title="List of governors of Washington">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Legislature" title="Washington State Legislature">Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)_legislative_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington (state) legislative districts">Legislative districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_House_of_Representatives" title="Washington House of Representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Senate" title="Washington State Senate">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_(state)_ballot_measures" title="List of Washington (state) ballot measures">Ballot measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Washington" title="United States congressional delegations from Washington">Congressional delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_congressional_districts" title="Washington's congressional districts">Congressional districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_government_in_Washington_(state)" title="City government in Washington (state)">City governments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B4DDB4"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_state_agencies" title="List of Washington state agencies">State agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Agriculture" title="Washington State Department of Agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Archaeology_and_Historic_Preservation" title="Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation">Archaeology and Historic Preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Commerce" title="Washington State Department of Commerce">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Corrections" title="Washington State Department of Corrections">Corrections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Early_Learning" title="Washington State Department of Early Learning">Early Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Ecology" title="Washington State Department of Ecology">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Employment_Security_Department" title="Washington State Employment Security Department">Employment Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Financial_Institutions" title="Washington State Department of Financial Institutions">Financial Institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Department_of_Fish_and_Wildlife" title="Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife">Fish and Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Health" title="Washington State Department of Health">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Information_Services" title="Washington State Department of Information Services">Information Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Labor_and_Industries" title="Washington State Department of Labor and Industries">Labor and Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Licensing" title="Washington State Department of Licensing">Licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Liquor_and_Cannabis_Board" title="Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board">Liquor and Cannabis Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Military_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Military Department">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Natural_Resources" title="Washington State Department of Natural Resources">Natural Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_state_parks" title="List of Washington state parks">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Institute_for_Public_Policy" title="Washington State Institute for Public Policy">Institute for Public Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Public_Disclosure_Commission" title="Washington State Public Disclosure Commission">Public Disclosure Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Public_Stadium_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington State Public Stadium Authority">Public Stadium Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Social_and_Health_Services" title="Washington State Department of Social and Health Services">Social and Health Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Patrol" title="Washington State Patrol">State Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Student_Achievement_Council" title="Washington Student Achievement Council">Student Achievement Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Transportation" title="Washington State Department of Transportation">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Utilities_and_Transportation_Commission" title="Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission">Utilities and Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Washington" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B4DDB4"><a href="/wiki/Western_Washington" title="Western Washington">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitsap_Peninsula" title="Kitsap Peninsula">Kitsap Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Peninsula" title="Long Beach Peninsula">Long Beach Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Peninsula" title="Olympic Peninsula">Olympic Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound" title="Puget Sound">Puget Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Islands" title="San Juan Islands">San Juan Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skagit_Valley" title="Skagit Valley">Skagit Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B4DDB4"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Washington" title="Eastern Washington">Eastern</a>/<a href="/wiki/Inland_Northwest" title="Inland Northwest">Inland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Washington" title="Central Washington">Central Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Plateau" title="Columbia Plateau">Columbia Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methow_River" title="Methow River">Methow Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okanagan_Country" title="Okanagan Country">Okanogan Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palouse" title="Palouse">Palouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakima_River" title="Yakima River">Yakima Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B4DDB4">Shared</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River_Gorge" title="Columbia River Gorge">Columbia Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Washington" title="List of municipalities in Washington">Largest cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spokane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver,_Washington" title="Vancouver, Washington">Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Washington" title="Bellevue, Washington">Bellevue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent,_Washington" title="Kent, Washington">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett,_Washington" title="Everett, Washington">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renton,_Washington" title="Renton, Washington">Renton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Valley,_Washington" title="Spokane Valley, Washington">Spokane Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Way,_Washington" title="Federal Way, Washington">Federal Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakima,_Washington" title="Yakima, Washington">Yakima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkland,_Washington" title="Kirkland, Washington">Kirkland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellingham,_Washington" title="Bellingham, Washington">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auburn,_Washington" title="Auburn, Washington">Auburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennewick,_Washington" title="Kennewick, Washington">Kennewick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasco,_Washington" title="Pasco, Washington">Pasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redmond,_Washington" title="Redmond, Washington">Redmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marysville,_Washington" title="Marysville, Washington">Marysville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammamish,_Washington" title="Sammamish, Washington">Sammamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakewood,_Washington" title="Lakewood, Washington">Lakewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richland,_Washington" title="Richland, Washington">Richland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoreline,_Washington" title="Shoreline, Washington">Shoreline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacey,_Washington" title="Lacey, Washington">Lacey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burien,_Washington" title="Burien, Washington">Burien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B4DDB4">Metropolitan areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_metropolitan_area" title="Seattle metropolitan area">Greater Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_metropolitan_area" title="Spokane metropolitan area">Greater Spokane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Cities,_Washington" title="Tri-Cities, Washington">Tri-Cities metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenatchee%E2%80%93East_Wenatchee_metropolitan_area" title="Wenatchee–East Wenatchee metropolitan area">Wenatchee metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_metropolitan_area,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Portland metropolitan area, Oregon">Greater Portland and Vancouver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Washington" title="List of counties in Washington">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Washington" title="Adams County, Washington">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asotin_County,_Washington" title="Asotin County, Washington">Asotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton_County,_Washington" title="Benton County, Washington">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelan_County,_Washington" title="Chelan County, Washington">Chelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clallam_County,_Washington" title="Clallam County, Washington">Clallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Washington" title="Clark County, Washington">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_County,_Washington" title="Columbia County, Washington">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowlitz_County,_Washington" title="Cowlitz County, Washington">Cowlitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Washington" title="Douglas County, Washington">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry_County,_Washington" title="Ferry County, Washington">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Washington" title="Franklin County, Washington">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garfield_County,_Washington" title="Garfield County, Washington">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_County,_Washington" title="Grant County, Washington">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grays_Harbor_County,_Washington" title="Grays Harbor County, Washington">Grays Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_County,_Washington" title="Island County, Washington">Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Washington" title="Jefferson County, Washington">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_County,_Washington" title="King County, Washington">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsap_County,_Washington" title="Kitsap County, Washington">Kitsap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittitas_County,_Washington" title="Kittitas County, Washington">Kittitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klickitat_County,_Washington" title="Klickitat County, Washington">Klickitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_County,_Washington" title="Lewis County, Washington">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Washington" title="Lincoln County, Washington">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_County,_Washington" title="Mason County, Washington">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okanogan_County,_Washington" title="Okanogan County, Washington">Okanogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_County,_Washington" title="Pacific County, Washington">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pend_Oreille_County,_Washington" title="Pend Oreille County, Washington">Pend Oreille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_County,_Washington" title="Pierce County, Washington">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_County,_Washington" title="San Juan County, Washington">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skagit_County,_Washington" title="Skagit County, Washington">Skagit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skamania_County,_Washington" title="Skamania County, Washington">Skamania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snohomish_County,_Washington" title="Snohomish County, Washington">Snohomish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_County,_Washington" title="Spokane County, Washington">Spokane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevens_County,_Washington" title="Stevens County, Washington">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurston_County,_Washington" title="Thurston County, Washington">Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahkiakum_County,_Washington" title="Wahkiakum County, Washington">Wahkiakum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walla_Walla_County,_Washington" title="Walla Walla County, Washington">Walla Walla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whatcom_County,_Washington" title="Whatcom County, Washington">Whatcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitman_County,_Washington" title="Whitman County, Washington">Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakima_County,_Washington" title="Yakima County, Washington">Yakima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/32px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/48px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/64px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="658" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Washington_(state)" title="Portal:Washington (state)">Washington (state) portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/32px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/48px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/64px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Pacific_Northwest" title="Portal:Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame_(1949–2023)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:All-America City Award Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:All-America City Award Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:All-America City Award Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame_(1949–2023)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/All-America_City_Award" title="All-America City Award">All-America City Award</a> Hall of Fame (1949–2023)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Three-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, VA</a> (1963, 1984, 1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown, PA</a> (1962, 1974, 1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville, NC</a> (1951, 1969, 1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington, IN</a> (1958, 1981, 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, MA</a> (1949, 1951, 1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati, OH</a> (1949, 1950, 1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton, OH</a> (1951, 1978, 1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delray_Beach,_Florida" title="Delray Beach, Florida">Delray Beach, FL</a> (1993, 2001, 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburg,_Texas" title="Edinburg, Texas">Edinburg, TX</a> (1968, 1995, 2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, TX</a> (1964, 1993, 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastonia,_North_Carolina" title="Gastonia, North Carolina">Gastonia, NC</a> (1963, 2000, 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids, MI</a> (1949, 1960, 1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory,_North_Carolina" title="Hickory, North Carolina">Hickory, NC</a> (1967, 1987, 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence,_Missouri" title="Independence, Missouri">Independence, MO</a> (1961, 1982, 2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurinburg,_North_Carolina" title="Laurinburg, North Carolina">Laurinburg, NC</a> (1956, 1967, 2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_South_Carolina" title="Mount Pleasant, South Carolina">Mount Pleasant, SC</a> (2010, 2018, 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, VA</a> (1959, 2013, 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, New York</a> (1981, 1998, 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward,_Alaska" title="Seward, Alaska">Seward, AK</a> (1963, 1965, 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, LA</a> (1953, 1980, 1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville, MA</a> (1972, 2009, 2015)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spokane, WA</a> (1975, 2004, 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma, WA</a> (1956, 1984, 1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Four-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron, OH</a> (1980, 1981, 1995, 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, AK</a> (1956, 1965, 1985, 2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore, MD</a> (1952, 1977, 1991, 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, OH</a> (1958, 1987, 1992, 2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayetteville,_North_Carolina" title="Fayetteville, North Carolina">Fayetteville, NC</a> (1985, 2001, 2011, 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, IN</a> (1983, 1998, 2009, 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Island,_Nebraska" title="Grand Island, Nebraska">Grand Island, NE</a> (1955, 1967, 1981, 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton, VA</a> (1972, 2002, 2014, 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, KY</a> (1963, 1995, 2012, 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria, IL</a> (1953, 1966, 1989, 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, PA</a> (1949, 1951, 1957, 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockville,_Maryland" title="Rockville, Maryland">Rockville, MD</a> (1954, 1961, 1977, 1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, OH</a> (1950, 1983, 1984, 1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Five-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland, OH</a> (1949, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubuque,_Iowa" title="Dubuque, Iowa">Dubuque, IA</a> (2007, 2012, 2013, 2017, 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, TX</a> (1969, 2010, 2018, 2020, 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, CT</a> (1958, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, CA</a> (1999, 2004, 2015, 2017, 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupelo,_Mississippi" title="Tupelo, Mississippi">Tupelo, MS</a> (1967, 1989, 1999, 2011, 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, KS</a> (1961, 1993, 1999, 2009, 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, MA</a> (1949, 1960, 1965, 1981, 2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Six-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines, IA</a> (1949, 1977, 1982, 2003, 2010, 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, AZ</a> (1950, 1958, 1980, 1989, 2009, 2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seven-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, MO</a> (1950, 1951, 1986, 1994, 2006, 2017, 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke,_Virginia" title="Roanoke, Virginia">Roanoke, VA</a> (1952, 1979, 1982, 1988, 1996, 2012, 2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nine-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio, TX</a> (1949, 1951, 1983, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USPopulousCities" title="Template talk:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">100 most populous cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="26"> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore, Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa,_Arizona" title="Mesa, Arizona">Mesa, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="51"> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Colorado" title="Aurora, Colorado">Aurora, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans, Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu, Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada" title="Henderson, Nevada">Henderson, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano,_Texas" title="Plano, Texas">Plano, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis, Missouri</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="76"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler,_Arizona" title="Chandler, Arizona">Chandler, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Las_Vegas,_Nevada" title="North Las Vegas, Nevada">North Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert,_Arizona" title="Gilbert, Arizona">Gilbert, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas">Irving, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia" title="Chesapeake, Virginia">Chesapeake, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Arizona" title="Glendale, Arizona">Glendale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland,_Texas" title="Garland, Texas">Garland, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise, Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_St._Lucie,_Florida" title="Port St. Lucie, Florida">Port St. Lucie, Florida</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spokane, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a></li> </ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Cities ranked by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> population estimates for July 1, 2022.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Washington" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Washington_(state)_county_seats" title="Template:Washington (state) county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Washington_(state)_county_seats" title="Template talk:Washington (state) county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Washington_(state)_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Washington (state) county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Washington" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seats" class="mw-redirect" title="County seats">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asotin,_Washington" title="Asotin, Washington">Asotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellingham,_Washington" title="Bellingham, Washington">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathlamet,_Washington" title="Cathlamet, Washington">Cathlamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chehalis,_Washington" title="Chehalis, Washington">Chehalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colfax,_Washington" title="Colfax, Washington">Colfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colville,_Washington" title="Colville, Washington">Colville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupeville,_Washington" title="Coupeville, Washington">Coupeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davenport,_Washington" title="Davenport, Washington">Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Washington" title="Dayton, Washington">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellensburg,_Washington" title="Ellensburg, Washington">Ellensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrata,_Washington" title="Ephrata, Washington">Ephrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett,_Washington" title="Everett, Washington">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday_Harbor,_Washington" title="Friday Harbor, Washington">Friday Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldendale,_Washington" title="Goldendale, Washington">Goldendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelso,_Washington" title="Kelso, Washington">Kelso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesano,_Washington" title="Montesano, Washington">Montesano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Washington" title="Mount Vernon, Washington">Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Washington" title="Newport, Washington">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okanogan,_Washington" title="Okanogan, Washington">Okanogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasco,_Washington" title="Pasco, Washington">Pasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeroy,_Washington" title="Pomeroy, Washington">Pomeroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Angeles,_Washington" title="Port Angeles, Washington">Port Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Orchard,_Washington" title="Port Orchard, Washington">Port Orchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Townsend,_Washington" title="Port Townsend, Washington">Port Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosser,_Washington" title="Prosser, Washington">Prosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic,_Washington" title="Republic, Washington">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritzville,_Washington" title="Ritzville, Washington">Ritzville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelton,_Washington" title="Shelton, Washington">Shelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Washington" title="South Bend, Washington">South Bend</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spokane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevenson,_Washington" title="Stevenson, Washington">Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver,_Washington" title="Vancouver, Washington">Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walla_Walla,_Washington" title="Walla Walla, Washington">Walla Walla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterville,_Washington" title="Waterville, Washington">Waterville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenatchee,_Washington" title="Wenatchee, Washington">Wenatchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakima,_Washington" title="Yakima, Washington">Yakima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/21px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/32px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/42px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Pacific_Northwest" title="Portal:Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, 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[\"CITEREFDyar1952\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdelen2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmerson2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinkeScheitle2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoxLevin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeranios2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeranios2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGonzaga_University2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHiggs2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIannelliKwak\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJonathan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelly\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKensel1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKensel1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKensel1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKershner2007\"] = 8,\n [\"CITEREFKershner2008\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFKershner2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKershner2012\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFKershner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiddo2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKienholz1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnight1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKottek,_M.J._GrieserC._BeckB._Rudolf2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanders2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanders2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLawrence-Turner2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevy2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalone1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLean2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLean2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeinig1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeyers2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoffatt1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoreno2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuellerMueller2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOldham2003\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFPatterson,_Caroline2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPayneFroyalde,_Revelyn2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeelFinlaysonMcMahon2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetersenKeeseckerLi2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPopejoy2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrager2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReavis1892\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReider2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoesler2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubyBrown1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubyBrown2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmeltzer1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmeltzer2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidt1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimchuk\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoltero1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSowa2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSowa2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpirou2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpokane,_Washington1896\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStamp2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStratton2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStucke2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStucke2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSun2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTate2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTate2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTiernan2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurner2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalters2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWare2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWasson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliamson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilma2003\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFYoungYoung1999\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"All-American City Award Hall of Fame\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 34,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite map\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 44,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 214,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 1,\n [\"Columns-list\"] = 2,\n [\"Convert\"] = 55,\n [\"Coord\"] = 5,\n [\"Efn-lr\"] = 4,\n [\"Flagdeco\"] = 6,\n [\"For timeline\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:101.4\"] = 1,\n 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project links\"] = 1,\n [\"SisterCities\"] = 1,\n [\"Spokane\"] = 1,\n [\"Spokane County, Washington\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"US Census population\"] = 1,\n [\"USPopulousCities\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Washington\"] = 1,\n [\"Washington (state) county seats\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 3,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","420","15.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","400","14.7"],["?","360","13.2"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","200","7.4"],["dataWrapper 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