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<span>Removal of Rust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Removal_of_Rust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Maker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Calcium+Lime+Rust%22">"Calcium Lime Rust"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Calcium+Lime+Rust%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Calcium+Lime+Rust%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Calcium+Lime+Rust%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Calcium+Lime+Rust%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Calcium+Lime+Rust%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Calcium Lime Rust</b>, more commonly known as <b>CLR</b>, is a household cleaning product used for dissolving stains, such as <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lime_(material)" title="Lime (material)">lime</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rust" title="Rust">iron oxide</a> deposits. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ingredients">Ingredients</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcium_Lime_Rust&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ingredients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CLR's ingredients may include various compounds:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactic_acid" title="Lactic acid">lactic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluconic_acid" title="Gluconic acid">gluconic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauramine_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lauramine oxide">lauramine oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylene_Glycol" class="mw-redirect" title="Propylene Glycol">propylene glycol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Butyl_Ether&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Butyl Ether (page does not exist)">n-butyl ether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycolic_acid" title="Glycolic acid">glycolic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamic_acid" title="Sulfamic acid">sulfamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disodium_Capryloamphodipropionate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disodium Capryloamphodipropionate (page does not exist)">disodium capryloamphodipropionate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diethylene_glycol_mono-n-butyl_ether&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether (page does not exist)">ethylene glycol n-butyl ether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citric_Acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Citric Acid">citric acid</a></li></ul> <p>One formulation is (by weight) lactic acid 12–18%, gluconic acid 2.50–3.75%, lauramine oxide 1.50–3.25%, with the remainder being water.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The product also contained <a href="/wiki/Phosphoric_acid" title="Phosphoric acid">phosphoric acid</a> at one time,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but it is now phosphate-free. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism_of_action">Mechanism of action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcium_Lime_Rust&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mechanism of action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Weak acids, such as lactic acid, citric acid, and phosphoric acid, are commonly used in cleaning products like CLR to effectively dissolve calcium deposits and rust. These acids work by reacting with the calcium carbonate and iron oxide present in the stains. The chemical reaction results in the formation of soluble salts, which can be easily rinsed away with water. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dissolution_of_Calcium_Deposits">Dissolution of Calcium Deposits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcium_Lime_Rust&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dissolution of Calcium Deposits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calcium deposits, primarily composed of calcium carbonate (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">CaCO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span>), react with weak acids to form calcium salts that are soluble in water. The general reaction can be represented as follows: </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CaCO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub> + 2H<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup> → Ca<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>+</span><span>2</span></span> + CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> + H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O</span></dd></dl> <p>Here, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup></span> represents the hydrogen ions provided by the acid. The calcium ions (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ca<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>+</span><span>2</span></span></span>) and carbon dioxide (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>) are formed, which helps in the easy removal of the deposit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Removal_of_Rust">Removal of Rust</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcium_Lime_Rust&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Removal of Rust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rust, which is primarily composed of iron oxides (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Fe<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span>), also reacts with weak acids to form soluble iron salts. The reaction can be simplified as: </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Fe<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub> + 6H<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup> → 2Fe<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>+</span><span>3</span></span> + 3H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O</span></dd></dl> <p>In this process, iron ions (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Fe<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>+</span><span>3</span></span></span>) are produced along with water, making the rust easier to remove without causing damage to the underlying metal or surrounding materials.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maker">Maker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcium_Lime_Rust&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Maker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CLR is made by Jelmar LLC, an American company located in <a href="/wiki/Skokie,_Illinois" title="Skokie, Illinois">Skokie, Illinois</a>. The company was founded in 1967 by Manny Gutterman. As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calcium_Lime_Rust&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the company was still owned and operated by Gutterman's family.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcium_Lime_Rust&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cleaning_agents" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cleaning agents">List of cleaning agents</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcium_Lime_Rust&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2003" class="citation web cs1">Goldberg, F.J. (February 1, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180204234647/https://www.bemidjistate.edu/offices/environmental_health_safety/files/msds/CLR_Calcium_Lime_and_Rust_Remover.pdf">"C L R - CALCIUM LIME & RUST REMOVER MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bemidji_State_University" title="Bemidji State University">Bemidji State University</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bemidjistate.edu/offices/environmental_health_safety/files/msds/CLR_Calcium_Lime_and_Rust_Remover.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2018</span>. <q>This product contains the following toxic chemicals subject to the reporting requirements of Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of 1986, as amended, and of 40 CFR 372 (for SARA 313)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bemidji+State+University&rft.atitle=C+L+R+-+CALCIUM+LIME+%26+RUST+REMOVER+MATERIAL+SAFETY+DATA+SHEET&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=F.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bemidjistate.edu%2Foffices%2Fenvironmental_health_safety%2Ffiles%2Fmsds%2FCLR_Calcium_Lime_and_Rust_Remover.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalcium+Lime+Rust" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaudreault2017" class="citation web cs1">Gaudreault, R.A. (March 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180205000710/https://clrbrands.com/Jelmar/media/sds/proline/CLR-PRO-CALCIUM-LIME-RUST-SDS-64P0216-3-1-17.pdf">"CLR PRO® CALCIUM, LIME & RUST REMOVER SAFETY DATA SHEET"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CLR brands - Jelmar</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clrbrands.com/Jelmar/media/sds/proline/CLR-PRO-CALCIUM-LIME-RUST-SDS-64P0216-3-1-17.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 5, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2018</span>. <q>SECTION 3 - COMPOSITION /INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CLR+brands+-+Jelmar&rft.atitle=CLR+PRO%C2%AE+CALCIUM%2C+LIME+%26+RUST+REMOVER+SAFETY+DATA+SHEET&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft.aulast=Gaudreault&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclrbrands.com%2FJelmar%2Fmedia%2Fsds%2Fproline%2FCLR-PRO-CALCIUM-LIME-RUST-SDS-64P0216-3-1-17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalcium+Lime+Rust" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125530/www.jelmar.com/msds/CLR_MSDS_eng.pdf">"Jelmar - Material Safety Data Sheet - CLR Calcium Lime & Rust Remover - Enhanced formula - DfE"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Jelmar LLC</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jelmar.com/msds/CLR_MSDS_eng.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jelmar+LLC&rft.atitle=Jelmar+-+Material+Safety+Data+Sheet+-+CLR+Calcium+Lime+%26+Rust+Remover+-+Enhanced+formula+-+DfE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jelmar.com%2Fmsds%2FCLR_MSDS_eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalcium+Lime+Rust" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApril_Hall2019" class="citation web cs1">April Hall (November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.familybusinessmagazine.com/family-cleaning-brand-remains-untarnished">"Family cleaning brand remains untarnished"</a>. <i>Family Business Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Family+Business+Magazine&rft.atitle=Family+cleaning+brand+remains+untarnished&rft.date=2019-11&rft.au=April+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.familybusinessmagazine.com%2Ffamily-cleaning-brand-remains-untarnished&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalcium+Lime+Rust" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcium_Lime_Rust&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clrbrands.com/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bustthedust.co.uk/">Cleaning Service</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calcium_Lime_Rust&oldid=1256486634">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calcium_Lime_Rust&oldid=1256486634</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cleaning_products" title="Category:Cleaning products">Cleaning products</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_May_2012" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2012">Articles needing additional references from May 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2012" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2012">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2019" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_not_in_Wikidata" title="Category:Official website not in Wikidata">Official website not in Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 04:16<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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