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vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Svojstva_valova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Svojstva_valova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Svojstva valova</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Svojstva_valova-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Svojstva valova</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Svojstva_valova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brzina_valova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brzina_valova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Brzina valova</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brzina_valova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vrste_valova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vrste_valova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vrste valova</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vrste_valova-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Vrste valova</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vrste_valova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mehanički_valovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mehanički_valovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mehanički valovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mehanički_valovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elektromagnetski_valovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektromagnetski_valovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Elektromagnetski valovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektromagnetski_valovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harmonijski_val" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harmonijski_val"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Harmonijski val</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harmonijski_val-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Površinski_i_prostorni_valovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Površinski_i_prostorni_valovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Površinski i prostorni valovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Površinski_i_prostorni_valovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stojni_valovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stojni_valovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Stojni valovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stojni_valovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valovi_tvari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valovi_tvari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Valovi tvari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valovi_tvari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gravitacijski_valovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gravitacijski_valovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Gravitacijski valovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gravitacijski_valovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Val</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 104 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(fisika)" title="Golf (fisika) – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Golf (fisika)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda_(fisica)" title="Onda (fisica) – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Onda (fisica)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9" title="موجة – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موجة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%93%DC%A0%DC%A0%DC%90" title="ܓܠܠܐ – aramejski" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܓܠܠܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="الموجات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الموجات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dal%C4%9Fa_(fizika)" title="Dalğa (fizika) – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dalğa (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Хваля – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хваля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Хваля – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хваля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вълна – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вълна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="तरंग – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तरंग" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="তরঙ্গ – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তরঙ্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talas" title="Talas – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Talas" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ona" title="Ona – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ona" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84" title="شەپۆل – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەپۆل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Vlnění – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vlnění" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хум – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хум" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ton" title="Ton – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ton" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lge" title="Bølge – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bølge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welle" title="Welle – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Welle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Κύμα – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave" title="Wave – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wave" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondo" title="Ondo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ondo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laine" title="Laine – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Laine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhin" title="Uhin – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uhin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC" title="موج – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalto_(fysiikka)" title="Aalto (fysiikka) – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aalto (fysiikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ua" title="Ua – fidžijski" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ua" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidžijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onde" title="Onde – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Onde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waag" title="Waag – sjevernofrizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Waag" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjevernofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Onda (física) – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Onda (física)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C" title="גל – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="तरंग – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तरंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onn" title="Onn – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Onn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull%C3%A1m" title="Hullám – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hullám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալիքներ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալիքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gelombang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondo" title="Ondo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ondo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bylgja" title="Bylgja – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bylgja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%8B%95" title="波動 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="波動" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/boxna" title="boxna – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="boxna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90" title="ტალღა – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტალღა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Толқын – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Толқын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97" title="ತರಂಗ – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತರಂಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%8F%99" title="파동 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAl" title="Pêl – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pêl" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Толкун – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Толкун" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unda" title="Unda – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Unda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(natuurkunde)" title="Golf (natuurkunde) – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Golf (natuurkunde)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banga" title="Banga – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Banga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C4%BC%C5%86i" title="Viļņi – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viļņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бран – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бран" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="തരംഗം – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തരംഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="तरंग – marathski" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तरंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gelombang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="လှိုင်း – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လှိုင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClg_(Physik)" title="Bülg (Physik) – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bülg (Physik)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE)" title="अलै (सन् २००३या संकिपा) – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अलै (सन् २००३या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(natuurkunde)" title="Golf (natuurkunde) – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Golf (natuurkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lgje" title="Bølgje – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bølgje" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lge" title="Bølge – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bølge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9B%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਛੱਲ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਛੱਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fala" title="Fala – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fala" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%81%D8%B1" title="لہر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لہر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%85%D9%BE%D9%87" title="څپه – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="څپه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillunya" title="Pillunya – kečuanski" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pillunya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Und%C4%83" title="Undă – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Undă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Габа – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Габа" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Волна – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Волна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Вовнїня – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вовнїня" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waw_(science)" title="Waw (science) – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Waw (science)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val" title="Val – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Val" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%E1%B8%8D%E1%B8%8Danga" title="Taḍḍanga – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taḍḍanga" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_(physics)" title="Wave (physics) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wave (physics)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlnenie" title="Vlnenie – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vlnenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valovanje" title="Valovanje – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Valovanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaisai" title="Masaisai – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Masaisai" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mowjad" title="Mowjad – somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Mowjad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallga" title="Dallga – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dallga" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Талас (физика) – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Талас (физика)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gelombang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A5gr%C3%B6relse" title="Vågrörelse – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vågrörelse" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimbi" title="Wimbi – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wimbi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="அலை – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="తరంగము – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తరంగము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="คลื่น – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คลื่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alon" title="Alon – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalga_(fizik)" title="Dalga (fizik) – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dalga (fizik)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Хвиля – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хвиля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC" title="موج – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%CA%BBlqinlar" title="Toʻlqinlar – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Toʻlqinlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3ng" title="Sóng – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sóng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balud" title="Balud – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Balud" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2" title="波 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2" title="כוואליע – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כוואליע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2" title="波 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2" title="波 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="波" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pho-t%C5%8Dng" title="Pho-tōng – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pho-tōng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%8B%95" title="波動 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波動" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37172#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Val" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Val" rel="discussion" title="Razgovorna stranica [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Val"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Val"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Val" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Val" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&oldid=6777996" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Val&id=6777996&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVal"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVal"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Zbirka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Val"><span>Stvori knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Val&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wave" hreflang="en"><span>Zajednički poslužitelj</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37172" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg/250px-2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg/375px-2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg/500px-2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1320" /></a><figcaption>Površinski valovi na <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vodi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Boelge_stor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Boelge_stor.jpg/250px-Boelge_stor.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Boelge_stor.jpg/375px-Boelge_stor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Boelge_stor.jpg/500px-Boelge_stor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="866" /></a><figcaption>Val na <a href="/wiki/More" title="More">moru</a> iza <a href="/wiki/Trajekt" title="Trajekt">trajekta</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Onde_compression_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Onde_compression_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif/250px-Onde_compression_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Onde_compression_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="231" /></a><figcaption>Primjer <a href="/wiki/Longitudinalni_val" class="mw-redirect" title="Longitudinalni val">longitudinalnog vala</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Onde_cisaillement_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Onde_cisaillement_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif/250px-Onde_cisaillement_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Onde_cisaillement_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="231" /></a><figcaption>Primjer <a href="/wiki/Transverzalni_val" title="Transverzalni val">transverzalnog vala</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Interferenz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Interferenz.jpg/250px-Interferenz.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Interferenz.jpg/375px-Interferenz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Interferenz.jpg/500px-Interferenz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Interferencija_valova" title="Interferencija valova">Interferencija</a> dvaju kružnih valova.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif/250px-Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif/375px-Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif/500px-Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="242" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">Matematički</a> je najjednostavnije <a href="/wiki/Sinus" title="Sinus">sinusno</a> <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titranje</a> valova.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Sine_wavelength.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Sine_wavelength.svg/250px-Sine_wavelength.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Sine_wavelength.svg/375px-Sine_wavelength.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Sine_wavelength.svg/500px-Sine_wavelength.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">Valna duljina</a> <i>λ</i> je udaljenosti između dvaju brjegova ili dolova <a href="/wiki/Sinus" title="Sinus">sinusoidalnoga</a> vala.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Dopplereffectsourcemovingrightatmach0.7.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Dopplereffectsourcemovingrightatmach0.7.gif/250px-Dopplereffectsourcemovingrightatmach0.7.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Dopplereffectsourcemovingrightatmach0.7.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="298" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dopplerov_u%C4%8Dinak" class="mw-redirect" title="Dopplerov učinak">Dopplerov učinak</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Dopplerov_efekt" title="Dopplerov efekt">Dopplerov efekt</a> je promjena <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencije</a> valova pri relativnom <a href="/wiki/Gibanje" title="Gibanje">gibanju</a> njihova izvora ili promatrača.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg/250px-USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg/375px-USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg/500px-USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><i>Vrlo velika mreža</i> (<a href="/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik">eng</a>. <i>Very Large Array</i>), radio interferometar (<a href="/wiki/Dugobazi%C4%8Dna_interferometrija" title="Dugobazična interferometrija">dugobazična interferometrija</a>) u <a href="/wiki/Novi_Meksiko" title="Novi Meksiko">Novom Meksiku</a>, <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">SAD</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Standing_wave.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Standing_wave.gif/250px-Standing_wave.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Standing_wave.gif/375px-Standing_wave.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Standing_wave.gif/500px-Standing_wave.gif 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Prikaz <a href="/wiki/Stojni_val" title="Stojni val">stojnog vala</a>. Crvene točke označavaju takozvane čvorove.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Light_dispersion_of_a_mercury-vapor_lamp_with_a_flint_glass_prism_IPNr%C2%B00125.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Light_dispersion_of_a_mercury-vapor_lamp_with_a_flint_glass_prism_IPNr%C2%B00125.jpg/250px-Light_dispersion_of_a_mercury-vapor_lamp_with_a_flint_glass_prism_IPNr%C2%B00125.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Light_dispersion_of_a_mercury-vapor_lamp_with_a_flint_glass_prism_IPNr%C2%B00125.jpg/375px-Light_dispersion_of_a_mercury-vapor_lamp_with_a_flint_glass_prism_IPNr%C2%B00125.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Light_dispersion_of_a_mercury-vapor_lamp_with_a_flint_glass_prism_IPNr%C2%B00125.jpg/500px-Light_dispersion_of_a_mercury-vapor_lamp_with_a_flint_glass_prism_IPNr%C2%B00125.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2309" data-file-height="2818" /></a><figcaption>Vidljiva <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlost</a> sastoji se od dijela spektra <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetsko_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Elektromagnetsko zračenje">elektromagnetskih valova</a> u rasponu valnih duljina od 380 do 780 <a href="/wiki/Metar" title="Metar">nm</a>, koje ljudsko oko razlikuje kao boje, od ljubičaste s najmanjom do crvene s najvećom <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">valnom duljinom</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Electron_diffraction_Laue-zone_tilt-series.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Electron_diffraction_Laue-zone_tilt-series.gif/250px-Electron_diffraction_Laue-zone_tilt-series.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Electron_diffraction_Laue-zone_tilt-series.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Ogib" title="Ogib">Ogib</a> ili difrakcija <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrona</a> je pokazala da se <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektroni</a> ponašaju i kao <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cestica" class="mw-redirect" title="Čestica">čestice</a> i kao valovi (<a href="/wiki/Dualizam_(fizika)" title="Dualizam (fizika)">dualizam</a>).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Quadrupol_Wave.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Quadrupol_Wave.gif/250px-Quadrupol_Wave.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Quadrupol_Wave.gif/375px-Quadrupol_Wave.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Quadrupol_Wave.gif 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Gravitacijski valovi naizmjenično sabijaju i rastežu <a href="/wiki/Prostor" title="Prostor">prostor</a> kroz koji prolaze.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Val</b> je širenje poremećaja kojim se prenosi <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> kroz neko sredstvo (<a href="/wiki/Medij" class="mw-disambig" title="Medij">medij</a>), a da se sredstvo kao cjelina ne pomiče. Kada se valovi nađu na granici između dvaju različitih sredstava, dolazi do njihova <a href="/wiki/Ogib" title="Ogib">ogiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refrakcija" title="Refrakcija">refrakcije</a> (loma) ili <a href="/wiki/Refleksija" title="Refleksija">refleksije</a> (odbijanja) i u posebnim uvjetima do <a href="/wiki/Stojni_val" title="Stojni val">stojnih valova</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_valovi" title="Mehanički valovi">Mehanički valovi</a> se mogu širiti samo kroz neku <a href="/wiki/Materija" title="Materija">tvar</a> (medij), dok se <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetski_valovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetski valovi">elektromagnetski valovi</a> mogu širiti i <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">vakuumom</a>. </p><p>Valovi također mogu biti: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinalni_val" class="mw-redirect" title="Longitudinalni val">longitudinalni</a> – čestice <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titraju</a> u smjeru širenja vala. Najvažniji primjer longitudinalnih valova su valovi <a href="/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk">zvuka</a> u <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zraku</a>. U <a href="/wiki/Teku%C4%87ina" class="mw-redirect" title="Tekućina">tekućinama</a> i <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plinovima</a> samo se rasprostiru longitudinalni valovi;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverzalni_val" title="Transverzalni val">transverzalni</a> – čestice titraju poprečno na smjer širenja. U <a href="/wiki/Krutine" title="Krutine">čvrstim tijelima</a> mogu se rasprostirati i transverzalni i longitudinalni valovi;</li> <li>progresivni – val se širi u određenom smjeru i pritom se energija prenosi s čestice na česticu;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stojni_val" title="Stojni val">stojni</a> – neke čestice titraju, a neke stalno miruju; energija se ne prenosi prostorom.</li></ul> <p>Periodički se valovi mogu opisati karakterističnim veličinama: <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencijom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amplituda" title="Amplituda">amplitudom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Period" title="Period">periodom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">valnom duljinom</a>. Udubine koje nastaju kada bacimo sredstvo u vodu zovemo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valni_dol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valni dol (stranica ne postoji)">valnim dolovima</a>, a izbočine <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valni_brijeg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valni brijeg (stranica ne postoji)">valnim brjegovima</a>. Od mjesta gdje je kamen pao izmjenično se rasprostiru kružni brjegovi i kružni dolovi. Val je ustvari širenje <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titraja</a> u <a href="/wiki/Elasti%C4%8Dnost" title="Elastičnost">elastičnom</a> sredstvu. Kad kamen padne u vodu, prouzrokuje titranje na onom mjestu gdje je u vodu udario. Čestice vode na tom mjestu zatitraju, i to se titranje dalje širi u obliku valova jer su čestice vode međusobno elastično povezane. Kod vala se ne prostire <a href="/wiki/Materija" title="Materija">materija</a> već <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> titranja koja putuje od čestice do čestice. Prividno nam se čini da <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">voda</a> teče, ali ako promotrimo kakav list koji pliva na vodi vidjet ćemo da se taj ne pomiče s valom već se njiše gore i dolje na istom mjestu površine vode. Ono što kod vala putuje samo je slika titraja u izvjesnom trenutku. Tvar u kojoj se val rasprostire zove se sredstvo vala, a čestica koja je počela titrati i iz koje se val širi zove se izvor vala. Valovi koji se šire na površini nekog sredstva zovu se površinski valovi, a valovi koji se šire u nekom prostoru zovu se prostorni valovi.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Svojstva_valova">Svojstva valova</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Svojstva valova" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Svojstva valova"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valovi se opisuju s pomoću: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">valne duljine</a> <i>λ</i>, udaljenosti između dvaju susjednih brjegova ili dolova <a href="/wiki/Sinus" title="Sinus">sinusoidalnoga</a> vala;</li> <li>perioda vala <i>T</i>, <a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_(fizika)" title="Vrijeme (fizika)">vremena</a> koje protekne dok se val pomakne za jednu valnu duljinu;</li> <li>valnoga broja <i>k</i>, veličine recipročne valnoj duljini, i</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencije</a> <i>f</i>, veličine recipročne periodu.</li></ul> <p>Fazni pomak udaljenost je između najbližih brjegova ili dolova dvaju valova jednake frekvencije i smjera širenja. Jednadžba oblika: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a=A\cdot \sin(x-f\cdot t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a=A\cdot \sin(x-f\cdot t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f9c56ffc636e241787bfd94ef3d4f3b17af398ec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.383ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a=A\cdot \sin(x-f\cdot t)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>opisuje izgled sinusoidalnoga vala u bilo kojoj točki prostora, gdje je: <i>a</i> - <a href="/wiki/Elongacija_(razdvojba)" class="mw-disambig" title="Elongacija (razdvojba)">elongacija</a>, <i>A</i> - <a href="/wiki/Amplituda" title="Amplituda">amplituda</a>, <i>f </i>- <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a>, <i>x</i> - udaljenost čestice od izvora vala i <i>t</i> - vrijeme širenja vala. Ako se u isto vrijeme na istome mjestu nađu dva vala, doći će do njihove <a href="/wiki/Interferencija_valova" title="Interferencija valova">interferencije</a>, a složenije valno gibanje može se prikazati kao suma sinusoidalnih valova različitih amplituda i frekvencija. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Koherencija" class="mw-disambig" title="Koherencija">Koherentni</a> valovi, uzajamno jednaki po frekvenciji, faznom pomaku, polarizaciji, omogućuju da se vidi interferencijska slika (na primjer interferencijske pruge). Ako se izvor valova ili promatrač gibaju, s pomoću <a href="/wiki/Dopplerov_efekt" title="Dopplerov efekt">Dopplerova učinka</a> može se odrediti njihova <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzina</a>, što se primjenjuje u <a href="/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija">astronomiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina">medicini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Promet" title="Promet">prometu</a> i drugo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brzina_valova">Brzina valova</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Brzina valova" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Brzina valova"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valovi se šire u prostoru nekom određenom <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzinom</a> koja se zove <b>brzina širenja vala</b>. Za vrijeme jednog <a href="/wiki/Period" title="Period">perioda</a>, to jest za vrijeme <i>T</i> u kojem je čestica u izvoru vala izvršila jedan potpuni titraj, pomaklo se titranje za <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">duljinu vala</a> <i>λ</i>. Brzinu širenja valova možemo dakle izračunati tako da put, to jest duljinu vala <i>λ</i>, podijelimo vremenom <i>T</i>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v={\frac {\lambda }{T}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v={\frac {\lambda }{T}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4e7c044c1c04db44d9524765663cdec6c087336" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:6.698ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v={\frac {\lambda }{T}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Ako umjesto perioda <i>T</i> uzmemo recipročnu vrijednost, to jest frekvenciju <i>f</i> = 1 / <i>T</i>, dobivamo: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v=f\cdot \lambda }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>λ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v=f\cdot \lambda }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2b2e6b860fb4e5fe6770ed2334e85924649480a6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.539ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v=f\cdot \lambda }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Brzina vala ovisi o osobinama (<a href="/wiki/Elasti%C4%8Dnost" title="Elastičnost">elastičnosti</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća">gustoći</a>) sredstva kroz koje val prolazi. Brzina valova ovisi o mediju kroz koje se valovi šire pa je na primjer brzina <a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_valovi" title="Mehanički valovi">mehaničkih valova</a> u <a href="/wiki/Krutine" title="Krutine">čvrstom tijelu</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {E}{\rho }}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mi>E</mi> <mi>ρ</mi> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {E}{\rho }}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/429c53cbf8296718ace9e9814dcf7f730da7d529" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:9.162ex; height:7.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {E}{\rho }}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>a u <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plinu</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {\chi \cdot p}{\rho }}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>χ</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> <mi>ρ</mi> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {\chi \cdot p}{\rho }}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e0948f789f6ac3ce33989e83ca047ab69537c99b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:11.69ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {\chi \cdot p}{\rho }}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: <i>E</i> - <a href="/wiki/Youngov_modul_elasti%C4%8Dnosti" title="Youngov modul elastičnosti">modul elastičnosti</a>, <i>ρ</i> - <a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća">gustoća</a> tijela ili plina, <i>ϰ</i> - <a href="/wiki/Adijabatski_proces" title="Adijabatski proces">adijabatski</a> koeficijent plina, <i>p</i> - <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlak</a> plina. Brzina širenja <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetsko_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Elektromagnetsko zračenje">elektromagnetskih valova</a> u <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">vakuumu</a> je 299 729 458 m/s (<a href="/wiki/Brzina_svjetlosti" title="Brzina svjetlosti">brzina svjetlosti</a>) i prema <a href="/wiki/Teorija_relativnosti" title="Teorija relativnosti">teoriji relativnosti</a> najveća moguća brzina gibanja, dok je brzina širenja u drugim prozirnim medijima manja na primjer na 20 °C u zraku 1,0003, u vodi 1,333, u dijamantu 2,42, u silikonu 4 puta manja (<a href="/wiki/Indeks_loma" title="Indeks loma">indeks loma</a>). Kada se valovi nađu na granici između dvaju medija, dolazi do njihova <a href="/wiki/Ogib" title="Ogib">ogiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refrakcija" title="Refrakcija">refrakcije</a> ili refleksije i u posebnim uvjetima <a href="/wiki/Stojni_val" title="Stojni val">do stojnih valova</a>. Kada val prelazi iz jednog sredstva u drugo ili se prostire kroz nehomogeno sredstvo, brzina i <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">valna duljina</a> mu se mijenjaju, a <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a> ostaje ista. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vrste_valova">Vrste valova</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Vrste valova" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vrste valova"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mehanički_valovi"><span id="Mehani.C4.8Dki_valovi"></span>Mehanički valovi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Mehanički valovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mehanički valovi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_valovi" title="Mehanički valovi">Mehanički valovi</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Mehanički valovi</b> (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk">zvuk</a>) šire se u <a href="/wiki/Elasti%C4%8Dnost" title="Elastičnost">elastičnom</a> mediju (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zrak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">voda</a>) <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titranjem</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cestica" class="mw-redirect" title="Čestica">čestica</a> povezanih elastičnim <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">silama</a> oko <a href="/wiki/Ravnote%C5%BEa_(mehanika)" title="Ravnoteža (mehanika)">ravnotežnoga</a> položaja; <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> valova to je veća što je veća <a href="/wiki/Amplituda" title="Amplituda">amplituda</a> titranja, a izvor valova svako je <a href="/wiki/Tijelo_(fizika)" title="Tijelo (fizika)">tijelo</a> koje titra (na primjer izvor zvuka može biti <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDica" title="Žica">žica</a> <a href="/wiki/Glazbala" title="Glazbala">glazbenog instrumenta</a>). Valovi su širenje poremećaja kojim se prenosi energija kroz medij, a da se medij kao cjelina ne pomiče. Pri širenju vala čestice sredstva ostaju na svojim mjestima i <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titraju</a> oko ravnotežnog položaja, širi se samo stanje titranja odnosno prenosi se <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> izvora vala. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elektromagnetski_valovi">Elektromagnetski valovi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Elektromagnetski valovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Elektromagnetski valovi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetsko_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Elektromagnetsko zračenje">Elektromagnetsko zračenje</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Elektromagnetski valovi</b> (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlost</a>) prenose se <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titranjem</a> <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_polje" title="Električno polje">električnoga</a> i <a href="/wiki/Magnetsko_polje" title="Magnetsko polje">magnetskoga polja</a> u propusnom mediju (može biti i <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">vakuum</a>). <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">Energija</a> valova to je veća što je veća <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a>, a izvori su promjenljiva <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetsko_polje" title="Elektromagnetsko polje">elektromagnetska polja</a> (na primjer izvor <a href="/wiki/Radio_valovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio valovi">radio valova</a> je <a href="/wiki/Antena" title="Antena">antena</a>) i pobuđeni <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomi</a>. Prigušenje valova posljedica je pretvorbe energije valova u druge oblike (na primjer u <a href="/wiki/Toplina" title="Toplina">toplinu</a>). Prema načinu širenja i ovisno o izvoru, valovi mogu biti ravni ili kuglasti, jednodimenzionalni, dvodimenzionalni i trodimenzionalni. </p><p>Prema načinu širenja, valovi se mogu podijeliti na longitudinalne, koji se šire titranjem čestica u pravcu širenja vala (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Ultrazvuk" title="Ultrazvuk">ultrazvuk</a>), i transverzalne, koji se šire titranjem okomitim na smjer širenja vala (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Radio_valovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio valovi">radio valovi</a>). Valovi na površini vode kombinacija su longitudinalnih i transverzalnih valova. Transverzalni valovi mogu biti <a href="/wiki/Polarizacija" class="mw-disambig" title="Polarizacija">polarizirani</a>, to jest čestice koje ih prenose ili električno i magnetsko polje mogu titrati izraženije u nekoj ravnini. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harmonijski_val">Harmonijski val</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Harmonijski val" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Harmonijski val"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Harmonijsko_titranje" title="Harmonijsko titranje">Harmonijsko titranje</a></div></i></div> <p>Val kod kojeg se iznos poremećaja mijenja prema <a href="/wiki/Trigonometrija" title="Trigonometrija">trigonometrijskoj funkciji</a> <a href="/wiki/Sinus" title="Sinus">sinus</a> naziva se <b>harmonijski val</b>. Svi drugi oblici valova se mogu prikazati kao zbroj harmonijskih valova različitih amplituda i frekvencija, i ti zbrajani valovi se nazivaju <i>harmonici</i> ili <i>harmonički članovi</i>. U prirodi možemo naći približno harmonijske valove, poput <a href="/wiki/Njihalo" title="Njihalo">ǌihaǌa klatna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Površinski_i_prostorni_valovi"><span id="Povr.C5.A1inski_i_prostorni_valovi"></span>Površinski i prostorni valovi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Površinski i prostorni valovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Površinski i prostorni valovi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valovi koji se šire po <a href="/wiki/Povr%C5%A1ina" title="Površina">površini</a> vode zovu se površinski valovi. Valovi zvuka koji se šire od svog izvora u obliku promjena <a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća">gustoće</a> zraka su prostorni valovi. Oni se šire u prostor uzduž pravca - <a href="/wiki/Polumjer" class="mw-redirect" title="Polumjer">polumjera</a> povučenog od izvora vala, to jest pravocrtno. Od izvora titranja širi se energija titranja radijalno u zrakama na sve strane. Kažemo da izvor energije titranja zrači ili emitira energiju titranja u obliku prostornih valova. Ploha koja spaja sve točke do kojih je stigao val u isto vrijeme zove se fronta vala. Kod površinskih valova je fronta vala <a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%BEnica" title="Kružnica">kružnica</a>, a kod prostornih <a href="/wiki/Kugla" title="Kugla">kugla</a>. Dio fronte prostornog vala možemo kod velike udaljenosti od izvora smatrati ravninom. To su onda ravni valovi, na primjer valovi svjetlosti koji dolaze od dalekog izvora. Zrake ravnih valova su paralelni pravci. U obliku valova širi se u prostor energija <a href="/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk">zvuka</a>, toplinska, svjetlosna i elektromagnetska energija. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stojni_valovi">Stojni valovi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Stojni valovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Stojni valovi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Stojni_val" title="Stojni val">Stojni val</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Stojni valovi</b> su valovi koji nastaju superpozicijom (zbrajanjem) dvaju valova jednake amplitude i frekvencije. Opisuje ih jednadžba: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y=2\cdot A\cdot \cos \left({\frac {2\cdot \pi }{\lambda }}\cdot x\right)\cdot \cos \left({\frac {2\cdot \pi }{T}}\cdot t\right)\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> <mi>λ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y=2\cdot A\cdot \cos \left({\frac {2\cdot \pi }{\lambda }}\cdot x\right)\cdot \cos \left({\frac {2\cdot \pi }{T}}\cdot t\right)\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/461f32a20df7bcabd944a0a3d4a966afa915ebaa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:41.195ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y=2\cdot A\cdot \cos \left({\frac {2\cdot \pi }{\lambda }}\cdot x\right)\cdot \cos \left({\frac {2\cdot \pi }{T}}\cdot t\right)\,}"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje su: <i>A</i> - amplituda, <i>λ</i> - valna duljina, <i>T</i> - period vala, <i>t</i> - vrijeme. Raspored elongacija (y) je sinusoidni, no valne fronte ne putuju, tako da je amplituda pojedinih čestica različita i ovisna o mjestu (x). Na mjestima na kojima je amplituda jednaka nuli nalaze se čvorovi, a gdje je maksimalna trbusi. Stojni valovi važni su u <a href="/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika">akustici</a> (<a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titranje</a> žice, titranje stupa zraka u glazbenom instrumentima, akustika prostorije), gdje osim poželjnih mogu imati i neželjene posljedice, kao što je povećanje <a href="/wiki/Buka" title="Buka">buke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valovi_tvari">Valovi tvari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Valovi tvari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Valovi tvari"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Valovi tvari</b> <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika">kvantnomehanički</a> su valovi iznimno kratkih valnih duljina koji se uočavaju jedino u ekstremnim uvjetima <a href="/wiki/Pokus" title="Pokus">pokusa</a> kada tvar uz čestična pokazuje i valna svojstva (<a href="/wiki/Dualizam_(fizika)" title="Dualizam (fizika)">dualizam</a>). Prema teoriji <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">L. de Brogliea</a>, valna duljina tvari: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {h}{p}}={\frac {h}{\gamma \cdot m\cdot v}}={\frac {h}{m\cdot v}}\cdot {\sqrt {1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>h</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>h</mi> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>h</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {h}{p}}={\frac {h}{\gamma \cdot m\cdot v}}={\frac {h}{m\cdot v}}\cdot {\sqrt {1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2798df78f03a518452d9025fa61924691ce97e96" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:38.157ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {h}{p}}={\frac {h}{\gamma \cdot m\cdot v}}={\frac {h}{m\cdot v}}\cdot {\sqrt {1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: <i>λ</i> - čestična <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">valna duljina</a>, <i>h</i> - <a href="/wiki/Planckova_konstanta" title="Planckova konstanta">Planckova konstanta</a>, <i>p</i> - <a href="/wiki/Impuls_sile" title="Impuls sile">impuls sile</a> čestice (<a href="/wiki/Koli%C4%8Dina_gibanja" title="Količina gibanja">količina gibanja</a>), <i>m</i> - <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a> mirovanja čestice, <i>v</i> - <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzina</a> čestice, <i>γ</i> - <a href="/wiki/Lorentzov_faktor" title="Lorentzov faktor">Lorentzov faktor</a> i <i>c</i> - <a href="/wiki/Brzina_svjetlosti" title="Brzina svjetlosti">brzina svjetlosti</a> u <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">vakuumu</a>. Što je veći impuls čestice ili količina gibanja, tim je kraća njena valna duljina. Tako se na primjer nakon prolaska elektrona kroz kristalnu rešetku na fluorescentnom zaslonu može vidjeti interferencijska slika njihova ogiba, što se primjenjuje na primjer u <a href="/wiki/Elektronski_mikroskop" title="Elektronski mikroskop">elektronskom mikroskopu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gravitacijski_valovi">Gravitacijski valovi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Gravitacijski valovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Gravitacijski valovi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Gravitacijski_valovi" title="Gravitacijski valovi">Gravitacijski valovi</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Gravitacijski valovi</b> ili <b>gravitacijsko zračenje</b> je poremećaj <a href="/wiki/Gravitacijsko_polje" title="Gravitacijsko polje">gravitacijskog polja</a>, širi se poput valova. Javlja se kod <a href="/wiki/Ubrzanje" title="Ubrzanje">ubrzanja</a> <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eksplozija" title="Eksplozija">eksplozija</a> <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernovih</a>, obilaženja <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezda</a> u bliskome <a href="/wiki/Dvojna_zvijezda" title="Dvojna zvijezda">dvojnom sustavu</a> i slično. Kod nekih <a href="/wiki/Dvojna_zvijezda" title="Dvojna zvijezda">dvojnih zvijezda</a> utvrđeno je da smanjenje ukupne <a href="/wiki/Orbitalna_brzina" title="Orbitalna brzina">orbitalne</a> energije odgovara <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energiji</a> koju odnose valovi.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Od <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalne_interakcije" title="Fundamentalne interakcije">četiriju poznatih osnovnih sila u prirodi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija">gravitacija</a> je najslabija pa je u području <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoma</a> i <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekula</a> potpuno zanemariva prema <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetska_sila" title="Elektromagnetska sila">elektromagnetskim</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jaka_nuklearna_sila" title="Jaka nuklearna sila">nuklearnim silama</a>. U <a href="/wiki/Svemir" title="Svemir">svemirskim</a> veličinama, gdje međusobno djeluju velike nakupine masa, <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91uzvjezdana_tvar" title="Međuzvjezdana tvar">međuzvjezdani plinovi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zvijezde" class="mw-redirect" title="Zvijezde">zvijezde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galaktike" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaktike">galaktike</a>, gravitacija igra važnu ulogu. <a href="/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija">Astronomska</a> otkrića <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pulsara</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kvazar" title="Kvazar">kvazara</a> i teorije o razvoju zvijezda stavljaju teoriju gravitacije pred nove probleme, kao što su pitanje stalnosti <a href="/wiki/Gravitacijska_konstanta" title="Gravitacijska konstanta">gravitacijske konstante</a> tijekom <a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_(fizika)" title="Vrijeme (fizika)">vremena</a>, mehanizam gravitacijskoga kolapsa koji uzrokuje energetsku degeneraciju zvijezda. Kod gravitacijskoga kolapsa, sile zvjezdane gravitacije posve nadjačaju sile <a href="/wiki/Tlak_elektromagnetskog_zra%C4%8Denja" title="Tlak elektromagnetskog zračenja">pritiska zračenja</a> i zvijezda se sve više komprimira. Nakon porasta gravitacije iznad neke veličine, zvijezda postane za promatrača nevidljiva (<a href="/wiki/Crna_rupa" title="Crna rupa">crna rupa</a>), jer <a href="/wiki/Kvant" title="Kvant">kvanti</a> <a href="/wiki/Zra%C4%8Denje" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Zračenje">zračenja</a> više ne mogu napustiti zvijezdu. Za objašnjenje tih pojava može se pokazati nužnim da se u gravitacijskoj teoriji provede kvantizacija (<a href="/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika">kvantna mehanika</a>). <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">Energija</a> gravitacijskoga polja bila bi kvantizirana i širila bi se kroz polje u gravitacijskim valovima. Kvant gravitacijskoga polja zove se <a href="/wiki/Graviton" title="Graviton">graviton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>valovi</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=63780">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Velimir Kruz: "Tehnička fizika za tehničke škole", "Školska knjiga" Zagreb, 1969.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>stojni valovi</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=58219">[2]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>gravitacijski valovi (gravitacijsko zračenje)</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=23176">[3]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>gravitacija</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=23172">[4]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poveznice">Poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetski_valovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetski valovi">Elektromagnetski valovi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibanje_valova" title="Gibanje valova">Gibanje valova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_valovi" title="Mehanički valovi">Mehanički valovi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0irenje_valova" title="Širenje valova">Širenje valova</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" class="noprint" style="clear: right; 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