CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Indian Armed Forces - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b9dcbe6b-4576-43ed-a4d1-143354b4b585","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Indian_Armed_Forces","wgTitle":"Indian Armed Forces","wgCurRevisionId":1261631013,"wgRevisionId":1261631013,"wgArticleId":7171338,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: unfit URL","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from September 2021","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from August 2016","CS1 errors: generic name","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism", "Use dmy dates from September 2024","Pages using sidebar with the child parameter","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2017","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2020","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Articles prone to spam from March 2017","Military of India","Ministry of Defence (India)"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Indian_Armed_Forces","wgRelevantArticleId":7171338,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["autoconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":300000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q320919","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user": "ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Armed_Forces.png/1200px-Armed_Forces.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Armed_Forces.png/800px-Armed_Forces.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Armed_Forces.png/640px-Armed_Forces.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Indian Armed Forces - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Indian_Armed_Forces rootpage-Indian_Armed_Forces skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Indian+Armed+Forces" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Indian+Armed+Forces" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Indian+Armed+Forces" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Indian+Armed+Forces" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_to_medieval_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_to_medieval_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Ancient to medieval era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_to_medieval_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_India_(1857_to_1947)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_India_(1857_to_1947)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 British India (1857 to 1947) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_India_(1857_to_1947)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dominion_of_India_(1947–1950)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dominion_of_India_(1947–1950)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Dominion of India (1947–1950) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dominion_of_India_(1947–1950)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_India_(1950_to_present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_India_(1950_to_present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Republic of India (1950 to present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_India_(1950_to_present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Overview </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Overview-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Overview subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Personnel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Women_in_the_armed_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_in_the_armed_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Women in the armed forces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_in_the_armed_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Branches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Branches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Branches </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Branches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recruitment_and_Training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recruitment_and_Training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Recruitment and Training </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recruitment_and_Training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overseas_bases_and_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overseas_bases_and_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Overseas bases and relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overseas_bases_and_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Indian Army </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Indian_Army-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Indian Army subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Indian_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Doctrine,_corps,_field_force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doctrine,_corps,_field_force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Doctrine, corps, field force </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doctrine,_corps,_field_force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mountain_Strike_Corps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mountain_Strike_Corps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Mountain Strike Corps </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mountain_Strike_Corps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Army_Aviation_Corps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Army_Aviation_Corps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Army Aviation Corps </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Army_Aviation_Corps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modernisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Modernisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modernisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mechanised_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanised_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Mechanised forces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanised_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artillery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artillery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 Artillery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artillery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infantry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infantry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.3 Infantry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infantry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Indian Navy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Indian_Navy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Indian Navy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Indian_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Ships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Submarines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Submarines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Submarines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Submarines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weapons_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weapons_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Weapons systems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weapons_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_Air_Arm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_Air_Arm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Naval Air Arm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_Air_Arm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defence_satellite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defence_satellite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Defence satellite </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defence_satellite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exercises" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exercises"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Exercises </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exercises-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modernisation_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernisation_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Modernisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modernisation_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Air_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Air_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Indian Air Force </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Indian_Air_Force-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Indian Air Force subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Indian_Air_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Aircraft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Network-centric_warfare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Network-centric_warfare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Network-centric warfare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Network-centric_warfare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modernisation_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernisation_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Modernisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modernisation_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Coast_Guard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Coast_Guard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Indian Coast Guard </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_Coast_Guard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Armed_Police_Forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Armed_Police_Forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Central Armed Police Forces </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Central_Armed_Police_Forces-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Central Armed Police Forces subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Central_Armed_Police_Forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assam_Rifles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assam_Rifles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Assam Rifles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assam_Rifles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Reserve_Police_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Reserve_Police_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Central Reserve Police Force </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Reserve_Police_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Border_Security_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Border_Security_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Border Security Force </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Border_Security_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Indo-Tibetan Border Police </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sashastra_Seema_Bal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sashastra_Seema_Bal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Sashastra Seema Bal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sashastra_Seema_Bal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Industrial_Security_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Industrial_Security_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Central Industrial Security Force </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Industrial_Security_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Security_Guard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Security_Guard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 National Security Guard </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Security_Guard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Other forces </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_forces-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Other forces subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Other_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Special_Frontier_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Frontier_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Special Frontier Force </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Frontier_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_Protection_Group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Protection_Group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Special Protection Group </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Protection_Group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway_Protection_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway_Protection_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Railway Protection Force </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway_Protection_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Disaster_Response_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Disaster_Response_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 National Disaster Response Force </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Disaster_Response_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_Forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Special Forces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Nuclear weapons </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nuclear_weapons-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Nuclear weapons subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nuclear-armed_cruise_missiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear-armed_cruise_missiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Nuclear-armed cruise missiles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear-armed_cruise_missiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_missiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_missiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Other missiles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_missiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India's_nuclear_doctrine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India's_nuclear_doctrine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 India's nuclear doctrine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India's_nuclear_doctrine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missile_defence_programme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missile_defence_programme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Missile defence programme </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Missile_defence_programme-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Missile defence programme subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Missile_defence_programme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ballistic_missile_defence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ballistic_missile_defence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Ballistic missile defence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ballistic_missile_defence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cruise_missile_defence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cruise_missile_defence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Cruise missile defence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cruise_missile_defence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-S-400_Triumf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#S-400_Triumf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 S-400 Triumf </div> </a> <ul id="toc-S-400_Triumf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defence_intelligence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defence_intelligence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Defence intelligence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defence_intelligence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Research and development </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Research_and_development-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Research and development subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Research_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electronic-warfare,_Cyber-warfare,_military_hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic-warfare,_Cyber-warfare,_military_hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Electronic-warfare, Cyber-warfare, military hardware </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic-warfare,_Cyber-warfare,_military_hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missile_development_programme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missile_development_programme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Missile development programme </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missile_development_programme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unmanned_aerial_vehicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unmanned_aerial_vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.3 Unmanned aerial vehicles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unmanned_aerial_vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-satellite_weapon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-satellite_weapon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.4 Anti-satellite weapon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-satellite_weapon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_programmes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_programmes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.5 Future programmes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_programmes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Directed-energy_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directed-energy_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.5.1 Directed-energy weapons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directed-energy_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hypersonic_Technology_Demonstrator_Vehicle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hypersonic_Technology_Demonstrator_Vehicle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.5.2 Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hypersonic_Technology_Demonstrator_Vehicle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peace_keeping,_anti-piracy,_and_exploration_missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peace_keeping,_anti-piracy,_and_exploration_missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Peace keeping, anti-piracy, and exploration missions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Peace_keeping,_anti-piracy,_and_exploration_missions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Peace keeping, anti-piracy, and exploration missions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Peace_keeping,_anti-piracy,_and_exploration_missions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Nations_peacekeeping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Nations_peacekeeping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 United Nations peacekeeping </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Nations_peacekeeping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-piracy_mission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-piracy_mission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Anti-piracy mission </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-piracy_mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relief_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relief_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.3 Relief operations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relief_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IAF_efforts_in_eclipse_study" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IAF_efforts_in_eclipse_study"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.4 IAF efforts in eclipse study </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IAF_efforts_in_eclipse_study-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Navy_exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Navy_exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.5 Indian Navy exploration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_Navy_exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misconceptions_in_nomenclature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misconceptions_in_nomenclature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Misconceptions in nomenclature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misconceptions_in_nomenclature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.1 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Indian Armed Forces</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" > 50 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="القوات المسلحة الهندية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القوات المسلحة الهندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuercies_Armaes_d%27India" title="Fuercies Armaes d'India – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fuercies Armaes d'India" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan_Silahl%C4%B1_Q%C3%BCvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri" title="Hindistan Silahlı Qüvvələri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hindistan Silahlı Qüvvələri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="ভারতের সামরিক বাহিনী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতের সামরিক বাহিনী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indick%C3%A9_ozbrojen%C3%A9_s%C3%ADly" title="Indické ozbrojené síly – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indické ozbrojené síly" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streitkr%C3%A4fte_Indiens" title="Streitkräfte Indiens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Streitkräfte Indiens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A7%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%A2%DE%A6%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%94%DE%A7" title="އިންޑިޔާގެ ޢަސްކަރިއްޔާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިންޑިޔާގެ ޢަސްކަރިއްޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%88%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%94%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Ινδικές Ένοπλες Δυνάμεις – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδικές Ένοπλες Δυνάμεις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerzas_Armadas_de_India" title="Fuerzas Armadas de India – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fuerzas Armadas de India" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armeo_de_Barato" title="Armeo de Barato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Armeo de Barato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="نیروهای مسلح هند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروهای مسلح هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forces_arm%C3%A9es_indiennes" title="Forces armées indiennes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Forces armées indiennes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EA%B5%B0" title="인도군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE_%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AA%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հնդկաստանի զինված ուժեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնդկաստանի զինված ուժեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="भारतीय सशस्‍त्र सेनाएँ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय सशस्‍त्र सेनाएँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_India" title="Angkatan Bersenjata India – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angkatan Bersenjata India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bh%C4%81rat%C4%ABya_Sa%C5%9Bastra_S%C4%93n%C4%81%C4%93%E1%B9%83" title="Bhāratīya Saśastra Sēnāēṃ – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bhāratīya Saśastra Sēnāēṃ" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%97%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95" title="הכוחות המזוינים של הודו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הכוחות המזוינים של הודו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%86" title="ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸಶಸ್ತ್ರ ಪಡೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸಶಸ್ತ್ರ ಪಡೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ინდოეთის შეიარაღებული ძალები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდოეთის შეიარაღებული ძალები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_hadereje" title="India hadereje – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="India hadereje" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഇന്ത്യൻ സൈന്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്ത്യൻ സൈന്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीय सशस्त्र सेना – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारतीय सशस्त्र सेना" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Tentera_India" title="Angkatan Tentera India – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Angkatan Tentera India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="भारतीय सशस्त्र बल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारतीय सशस्त्र बल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E8%BB%8D" title="インド軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indias_forsvar" title="Indias forsvar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Indias forsvar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_indiske_forsvaret" title="Det indiske forsvaret – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det indiske forsvaret" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE" title="ଭାରତୀୟ ସଶସ୍ତ୍ର ସେନା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାରତୀୟ ସଶସ୍ତ୍ର ସେନା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindiston_qurolli_kuchlari" title="Hindiston qurolli kuchlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hindiston qurolli kuchlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2" title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਹਥਿਆਰਬੰਦ ਬਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਹਥਿਆਰਬੰਦ ਬਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="بھارتی مسلح افواج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھارتی مسلح افواج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indyjskie_Si%C5%82y_Zbrojne" title="Indyjskie Siły Zbrojne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indyjskie Siły Zbrojne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%A7as_armadas_da_%C3%8Dndia" title="Forças armadas da Índia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Forças armadas da Índia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Вооружённые силы Индии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вооружённые силы Индии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%BD_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forcat_e_Armatosura_t%C3%AB_Indis%C3%AB" title="Forcat e Armatosura të Indisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Forcat e Armatosura të Indisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0_%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F" title="ඉන්දියානු සන්නද්ධ හමුදා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉන්දියානු සන්නද්ධ හමුදා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Indian Armed Forces" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indijske_oboro%C5%BEene_sile" title="Indijske oborožene sile – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Indijske oborožene sile" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intian_asevoimat" title="Intian asevoimat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Intian asevoimat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiens_f%C3%B6rsvarsmakt" title="Indiens försvarsmakt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indiens försvarsmakt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="இந்தியப் பாதுகாப்புப் படைகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்தியப் பாதுகாப்புப் படைகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A3_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="భారత రక్షణ దళాలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భారత రక్షణ దళాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="กองทัพอินเดีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กองทัพอินเดีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Hindistan Silahlı Kuvvetleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindistan Silahlı Kuvvetleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%97" title="Збройні сили Індії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Збройні сили Індії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="بھارتی مسلح افواج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھارتی مسلح افواج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%B1c_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_V%C5%A9_trang_%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99" title="Lực lượng Vũ trang Ấn Độ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lực lượng Vũ trang Ấn Độ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="印度武裝部隊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度武裝部隊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q320919#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Indian_Armed_Forces" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Armed_Forces&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e">View source</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Armed_Forces&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Armed_Forces&action=edit">View source</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Armed_Forces&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Indian_Armed_Forces" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Armed_Forces&oldid=1261631013" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Armed_Forces&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Indian_Armed_Forces&id=1261631013&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIndian_Armed_Forces">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIndian_Armed_Forces">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Indian_Armed_Forces&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Armed_Forces&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Military_of_India" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q320919" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Combined military forces of India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Indian Armed Forces</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Armed_Forces.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Armed_Forces.png/200px-Armed_Forces.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Armed_Forces.png/300px-Armed_Forces.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Armed_Forces.png/400px-Armed_Forces.png 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="3264" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Emblem of Indian Armed Forces</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Armed_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/150px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/225px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/300px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of Indian Armed Forces</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">Service branches</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Headquarters#Military" title="Headquarters">Headquarters</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_Building,_New_Delhi" title="Secretariat Building, New Delhi">South Block</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_leadership" title="Category:Military leadership">Leadership</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Commander_in_Chief#India" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander in Chief">Supreme Commander</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Minister of Defence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_India.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of Defence Staff (India)">Chief of Defence Staff</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_Chief_of_Defence_Staff_%28India%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chief_of_Defence_Staff_%28India%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_Chief_of_Defence_Staff_%28India%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chief_of_Defence_Staff_%28India%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_Chief_of_Defence_Staff_%28India%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Chief_of_Defence_Staff_%28India%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/General_(India)" title="General (India)">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Anil_Chauhan" title="Anil Chauhan">Anil Chauhan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Defence_Secretary_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence Secretary of India">Defence Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_India.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Rajesh_Kumar_Singh_(civil_servant)" title="Rajesh Kumar Singh (civil servant)">Rajesh Kumar Singh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Personnel</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Military age</th><td class="infobox-data">18<a href="#cite_note-ia-recruit-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reaching military age annually</th><td class="infobox-data">23,116,044<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Active personnel</th><td class="infobox-data">1,455,550<a href="#cite_note-IISS_2021_259-3">[3]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel" title="List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel">ranked 2nd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_reserve" title="Military reserve">Reserve personnel</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,155,000<a href="#cite_note-IISS_2021_259-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Expenditure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_budget" title="Military budget">Budget</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a>6.22 trillion (US$75 billion) (2024–25)<a href="#cite_note-budget-2024-4">[4]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by military expenditures">ranked 4th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Percent of GDP</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.89% (2024–25)<a href="#cite_note-budget-2024-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Military_acquisition" title="Military acquisition">Industry</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domestic suppliers</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; background:#b0c4de">List</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <a href="/wiki/Munitions_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Munitions India Limited">Munitions India Limited</a> (MIL) <a href="/wiki/Armoured_Vehicles_Nigam_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited">Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited</a> (AVNL) <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Weapons_and_Equipment_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited">Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited</a> (AWEIL) <a href="/wiki/Troop_Comforts_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Troop Comforts Limited">Troop Comforts Limited</a> (TCL) <a href="/wiki/Yantra_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Yantra India Limited">Yantra India Limited</a> (YIL) <a href="/wiki/India_Optel_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="India Optel Limited">India Optel Limited</a> (IOL) <a href="/wiki/Gliders_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliders India Limited">Gliders India Limited</a> (GIL) <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Aeronautics_Limited" title="Hindustan Aeronautics Limited">Hindustan Aeronautics Limited</a> (HAL) <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Electronics_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Electronics Limited">Bharat Electronics Limited</a> (BEL) <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Earth_Movers_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Earth Movers Limited">Bharat Earth Movers Limited</a> (BEML) <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Dynamics_Limited" title="Bharat Dynamics Limited">Bharat Dynamics Limited</a> (BDL) <a href="/wiki/Mazagon_Dock_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazagon Dock Limited">Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited</a> (MDSL) <a href="/wiki/Goa_Shipyard_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Goa Shipyard Limited">Goa Shipyard Limited</a> (GSL) <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Shipyard_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin Shipyard Limited">Cochin Shipyard Limited</a> (CSL) <a href="/wiki/Garden_Reach_Shipbuilders_and_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers">Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers</a> (GRSE) <a href="/wiki/Mishra_Dhatu_Nigam" title="Mishra Dhatu Nigam">Mishra Dhatu Nigam</a> (MDN)<a href="#cite_note-mod.nic.in-5">[5]</a> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Foreign suppliers</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-6">[6]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-6">[6]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-6">[6]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Historical: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual imports</th><td class="infobox-data">US$41.208 billion (2010–2021)<a href="#cite_note-SIPRI_India-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual exports</th><td class="infobox-data">US$448 million (2010–2021)<a href="#cite_note-SIPRI_India-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Related articles</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">Military history of India</a> <a href="/wiki/Presidency_armies" title="Presidency armies">Presidency armies</a> <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy" title="Royal Indian Navy">Royal Indian Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Air_Force" title="Royal Indian Air Force">Royal Indian Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_India" title="List of wars involving India">Wars involving India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Army_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Army ranks and insignia of India">Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of India">Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force ranks and insignia of India">Air Force</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Armed Forces</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Armed_Forces.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Armed_Forces.png/100px-Armed_Forces.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Armed_Forces.png/150px-Armed_Forces.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Armed_Forces.png/200px-Armed_Forces.png 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="3264" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Military Manpower</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Active troops</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> 1,440,000 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel" title="List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel">2nd</a>)</td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Reserve forces</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> 2,096,000 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel" title="List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel">5th</a>)</td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Paramilitary forces and <a href="/wiki/Central_Armed_Police_Forces" title="Central Armed Police Forces">CAPF</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> 1,585,950 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel" title="List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel">6th</a>)</td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Components</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg/23px-Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg/35px-Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg/46px-Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/BRO_Flag.svg/23px-BRO_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/BRO_Flag.svg/35px-BRO_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/BRO_Flag.svg/45px-BRO_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="267" /> <a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a> <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary forces of India</a> <a href="/wiki/Central_Armed_Police_Forces" title="Central Armed Police Forces">Central Armed Police Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Command_Authority_(India)" title="Nuclear Command Authority (India)">Strategic Nuclear Command</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> History</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">Military history of India</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Ranks and insignia</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Army_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Army ranks and insignia of India">Army</a> • <a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of India">Navy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force ranks and insignia of India">Air Force</a> • <a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard#Officer_rank_structure" title="Indian Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation#Ranks" title="Border Roads Organisation">BRO</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India#Ranks_and_insignia" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary forces and CAPF</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_of_India_sidebar" title="Template:Military of India sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_of_India_sidebar" title="Template talk:Military of India sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_of_India_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military of India sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Indian Armed Forces are the <a href="/wiki/Armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed forces">military forces</a> of the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Republic of India</a>. It consists of three professional uniformed services: the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-iaf1-11">[11]</a> Additionally, the Indian Armed Forces are supported by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Armed_Police_Forces" title="Central Armed Police Forces">Central Armed Police Forces</a>,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special_Frontier_Force" title="Special Frontier Force">Special Frontier Force</a> and various <a href="/wiki/Jointness_and_integration_in_the_Indian_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Jointness and integration in the Indian military">inter-service commands and institutions</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Strategic Forces Command">Strategic Forces Command</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)#Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Integrated Defence Staff</a>. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Supreme Commander</a> of the Indian Armed Forces but the executive authority and responsibility for national security is vested in the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> and their chosen <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_Security" title="Cabinet Committee on Security">Cabinet Ministers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-majeed-roi-2-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-dam-3-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-nsingh-india-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The Indian Armed Forces are under the management of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. With strength of over 1.4 million active personnel,<a href="#cite_note-Press_Information_Bureau-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-18">[18]</a> it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel" title="List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel">world's second-largest military force</a> and has the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_military" title="Volunteer military">volunteer army.</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> It also has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by military expenditures">third-largest defence budget</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-2019B-20">[20]</a> The Global Firepower Index report lists it as the fourth most-powerful military.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The Indian Armed Forces have been engaged in a number of major military operations, including: the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947">Indo-Pakistani wars of 1947</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">1971</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese-Indian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese-Indian War">Portuguese-Indian War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a>, the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Chola_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Chola incident">Cho La incident</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1987_Sino-Indian_skirmish" class="mw-redirect" title="1987 Sino-Indian skirmish">1987 Sino-Indian skirmish</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Siachen_conflict" title="Siachen conflict">Siachen conflict</a> among others. India honours its armed forces and military personnel annually on <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Flag_Day" title="Armed Forces Flag Day">Armed Forces Flag Day</a>, 7 December. Armed with the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_triad" title="Nuclear triad">nuclear triad</a>,<a href="#cite_note-India_triad-22">[22]</a> the Indian armed forces are steadily undergoing modernisation,<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-23">[23]</a> with investments in areas such as <a href="/wiki/F-INSAS" title="F-INSAS">futuristic soldier systems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_Programme" title="Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme">missile defence systems</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-23">[23]</a> The Department of Defence Production of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a> is responsible for the indigenous production of equipment used by the Indian Armed Forces. It comprises 16 <a href="/wiki/List_of_public_sector_undertakings_in_India" title="List of public sector undertakings in India">Defence PSUs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> India remains one of the <a href="/wiki/Arms_industry#World's_largest_arms_importers" title="Arms industry">largest importer of defence equipment</a> with Russia, Israel, France and the United States being the top foreign suppliers of military equipment.<a href="#cite_note-iaf2-26">[26]</a> The Government of India, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Make_in_India" title="Make in India">Make in India</a> initiative, seeks to indigenise manufacturing and reduce dependence on imports for defence.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">Military history of India</a></div> India has one of the longest military histories, dating back several millennia. The first reference to armies is found in the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> as well as the epics <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahabaratha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahabaratha">Mahabaratha</a>. Classical Indian texts on archery in particular, and <a href="/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">martial arts</a> in general are known as <a href="/wiki/Dhanurveda" title="Dhanurveda">Dhanurveda</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_to_medieval_era">Ancient to medieval era</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:War_over_the_Buddha%27s_Relics,_South_Gate,_Stupa_no._1,_Sanchi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/War_over_the_Buddha%27s_Relics%2C_South_Gate%2C_Stupa_no._1%2C_Sanchi.jpg/220px-War_over_the_Buddha%27s_Relics%2C_South_Gate%2C_Stupa_no._1%2C_Sanchi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/War_over_the_Buddha%27s_Relics%2C_South_Gate%2C_Stupa_no._1%2C_Sanchi.jpg/330px-War_over_the_Buddha%27s_Relics%2C_South_Gate%2C_Stupa_no._1%2C_Sanchi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/War_over_the_Buddha%27s_Relics%2C_South_Gate%2C_Stupa_no._1%2C_Sanchi.jpg/440px-War_over_the_Buddha%27s_Relics%2C_South_Gate%2C_Stupa_no._1%2C_Sanchi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5709" data-file-height="1619" /></a><figcaption>Siege of <a href="/wiki/Kushinagar" title="Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a> the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Malla_(tribe)" title="Malla (tribe)">Mallakas</a> by seven <a href="/wiki/Mahajanapadas" title="Mahajanapadas">Mahajanapadas</a>' chiefs and their armies for the possession of relics of Buddha after his death in 4th century BCE. Depiction of the battle on <a href="/wiki/Sanchi" title="Sanchi">Sanchi</a> stupa railing, 1st century BCE.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Indian_maritime_history" title="Indian maritime history">Indian maritime history</a> dates back 5,000 years.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The first tidal dock is believed to have been built at <a href="/wiki/Lothal" title="Lothal">Lothal</a> around 2300 BC during the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Indus Valley civilisation</a> period, near the present day port of <a href="/wiki/Mangrol,_Kathiawar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangrol, Kathiawar">Mangrol</a> on the Gujarat coast.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rig_Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Rig Veda">Rig Veda</a> written around 1500 BC, credits Varuna with knowledge of the ocean routes and describes naval expeditions. There is reference to the side wings of a vessel called Plava, which gives the ship stability in storm conditions. A compass, Matsya yantra was used for navigation in the fourth and fifth century AD. The earliest known reference to an organisation devoted to ships in ancient India is in the <a href="/wiki/Mauryan_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauryan Empire">Mauryan Empire</a> from the 4th century BC. Powerful militaries included those of the: <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty" title="Satavahana dynasty">Satavahana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chola_Empire" title="Chola Empire">Chola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha</a> <a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">empires</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Emperor <a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta Maurya</a>'s mentor and advisor <a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a> devotes a full chapter on the state department of waterways under navadhyaksha (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> for <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">Superintendent</a> of ships) <a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces#endnote_Kautilya">[1]</a>. The term, nava dvipantaragamanam (Sanskrit for "sailing to other lands by ships," i.e. exploration) appears in this book in addition to appearing in the Vedic text, Baudhayana Dharmashastra as the interpretation of the term, Samudrasamyanam. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27,_of_the_Bombay_Marine,_1812;_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4867" data-file-height="2887" /></a><figcaption>A depiction of a <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Navy" title="Maratha Navy">Maratha</a> naval attack in 1812 against the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>'s ship <a href="/wiki/HCS_Aurora_(1809)" title="HCS Aurora (1809)">Aurora</a>.</figcaption></figure> Sea lanes between India and neighbouring lands were used for trade for many centuries, and are responsible for the widespread influence of Indian Culture on other societies. The <a href="/wiki/Chola" class="mw-redirect" title="Chola">Cholas</a> excelled in foreign trade and maritime activity, extending their influence overseas to China and Southeast Asia. During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Maratha and Kerala fleets were expanded, and became the most powerful Naval Forces in the subcontinent, defeating European navies at various times (See the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Colachel" title="Battle of Colachel">Battle of Colachel</a>). The fleet review of the Maratha navy, at which the ships Pal and Qalbat participated, took place at the Ratnagiri fort.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Maratha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha">Maratha</a> <a href="/wiki/Kanhoji_Angre" title="Kanhoji Angre">Kanhoji Angre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kunjali_Marakkar" title="Kunjali Marakkar">Kunjali Marakkar</a>, the Naval chief of <a href="/wiki/Saamoothiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Saamoothiri">Saamoothiri</a> were two notable naval chiefs of the period. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_India_(1857_to_1947)">British India (1857 to 1947)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy" title="Royal Indian Navy">Royal Indian Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Air_Force" title="Royal Indian Air Force">Royal Indian Air Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Presidency_armies" title="Presidency armies">Presidency armies</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RML2.5inchMountaunGunAssembling1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/RML2.5inchMountaunGunAssembling1895.jpg/305px-RML2.5inchMountaunGunAssembling1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="305" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/RML2.5inchMountaunGunAssembling1895.jpg/458px-RML2.5inchMountaunGunAssembling1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/RML2.5inchMountaunGunAssembling1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>A mountain artillery crew from the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> demonstrating assembly of the <a href="/wiki/RML_2.5_inch_Mountain_Gun" class="mw-redirect" title="RML 2.5 inch Mountain Gun">RML 2.5 inch Mountain Gun</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1895.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy" title="Royal Indian Navy">Royal Indian Navy</a> was first established by the British while much of India was under the control of the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>. In 1892, it became a maritime component as the Royal Indian Marine (RIM). During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> the Indian Army contributed a number of divisions and independent brigades to the European, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern theatres of war. One million Indian troops served overseas; 62,000 died and another 67,000 were wounded. In total, 74,187 Indian soldiers died during the war. It fought against the German Empire in German East Africa and on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>. Indian divisions were also sent to Egypt, <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">Gallipoli</a> and nearly 700,000 served in Mesopotamia against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Army_in_Italy_1944_NA17069.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/The_British_Army_in_Italy_1944_NA17069.jpg/220px-The_British_Army_in_Italy_1944_NA17069.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/The_British_Army_in_Italy_1944_NA17069.jpg/330px-The_British_Army_in_Italy_1944_NA17069.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/The_British_Army_in_Italy_1944_NA17069.jpg/440px-The_British_Army_in_Italy_1944_NA17069.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Humber armoured cars of 10th Indian Division move forward in Italy, 22 July 1944.</figcaption></figure> Following WWI, the Indian Armed Forces underwent significant transformation. In 1928, Engineer <a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant" title="Sub-lieutenant">Sub-lieutenant</a> D. N. Mukherji became the first Indian to receive a commission in the Royal Indian Marine. In 1932, the Indian Air Force was established as an auxiliary air force within <a href="/wiki/RAF_India" title="RAF India">RAF India</a>; two years later, the RIM was upgraded to the status of a naval service as the Royal Indian Navy (RIN). Though the gradual "Indianisation" of the officer corps began after WWI, at the outbreak of war in 1939, there were no Indian flag, general or air officers in the armed services. The highest-ranking Indian officers were those serving in the non-combatant <a href="/wiki/Indian_Medical_Service" title="Indian Medical Service">Indian Medical Service</a>, who held no rank higher than colonel; in the regular Indian Army, there were no Indian officers above the rank of major.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Army_List_39-32">[32]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy" title="Royal Indian Navy">Royal Indian Navy</a> had no Indian senior <a href="/wiki/Line_officer" title="Line officer">line officers</a> and only a single Indian senior engineer officer,<a href="#cite_note-The_Navy_List_39-33">[33]</a> while the Indian Air Force had no Indian senior officers in 1939, with the highest-ranking Indian air force officer a <a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">flight lieutenant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Navy_List_39-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Air_Force_List_39-34">[34]</a> In <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the Indian Army began the war in 1939 with just under 200,000 men. By the end of the war it had become the largest volunteer army in history, rising to over 2.5 million men by August 1945.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-35">[35]</a> Serving in divisions of infantry, armour and a fledgling airborne forces, they fought on three continents in Africa, Europe and Asia. The Indian Army fought in Ethiopia against the Italian Army, in Egypt, Libya and Tunisia against both the Italian and German Army, and, after the Italian surrender, against the German Army in Italy. However, the bulk of the Indian Army was committed to fighting the Japanese Army, first during the British defeats in Malaya and the retreat from Burma to the Indian border; later, after resting and refitting for the victorious advance back into Burma, as part of the largest British Empire army ever formed. These campaigns cost the lives of over 36,000 Indian servicemen, while another 34,354 were wounded; 67,340 became prisoners of war. Their valour was recognised with the award of some 4,000 decorations, and 38 members of the Indian Army were awarded the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> or the <a href="/wiki/George_Cross" title="George Cross">George Cross</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-35">[35]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Ministry_Second_World_War_Official_Collection_CI75.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Air_Ministry_Second_World_War_Official_Collection_CI75.jpg/220px-Air_Ministry_Second_World_War_Official_Collection_CI75.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Air_Ministry_Second_World_War_Official_Collection_CI75.jpg/330px-Air_Ministry_Second_World_War_Official_Collection_CI75.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Air_Ministry_Second_World_War_Official_Collection_CI75.jpg/440px-Air_Ministry_Second_World_War_Official_Collection_CI75.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>Indian pilots of <a href="/wiki/No._1_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 1 Squadron IAF">No. 1 Squadron</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricane</a>.</figcaption></figure> The demands of war and increasing recognition that the era of British dominance in the subcontinent was ending increased the pace of "Indianisation." In 1940, <a href="/wiki/Subroto_Mukerjee" title="Subroto Mukerjee">Subroto Mukherjee</a> (later the first Indian C-in-C and Chief of the Air Staff) became the first Indian to command an air force squadron and attain the (albeit acting) rank of <a href="/wiki/Squadron_leader" title="Squadron leader">squadron leader</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Air_Force_List_Jun40-36">[36]</a> In July 1941, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Medical_Service" title="Indian Medical Service">Indian Medical Service</a> officer <a href="/wiki/Hiraji_Cursetji" title="Hiraji Cursetji">Hiraji Cursetji</a> became one of the first Indian officers to be promoted to substantive <a href="/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer">general officer</a> rank.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Army_List_Jul42-37">[37]</a> During the war, several Indian Army officers, notably <a href="/wiki/Kodandera_M._Cariappa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodandera M. Cariappa">Kodandera M. Cariappa</a>, <a href="/wiki/S._M._Shrinagesh" title="S. M. Shrinagesh">S. M. Shrinagesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kodandera_Subayya_Thimayya" title="Kodandera Subayya Thimayya">Kodandera Subayya Thimayya</a>, all of whom would subsequently command the Indian Army, achieved distinction as the first Indian battalion and brigade commanders. On 1 May 1945, Cariappa became the first Indian officer to be promoted to brigadier.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Allied_Occupation_of_Japan_IND5225.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/The_Allied_Occupation_of_Japan_IND5225.jpg/220px-The_Allied_Occupation_of_Japan_IND5225.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/The_Allied_Occupation_of_Japan_IND5225.jpg/330px-The_Allied_Occupation_of_Japan_IND5225.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/The_Allied_Occupation_of_Japan_IND5225.jpg/440px-The_Allied_Occupation_of_Japan_IND5225.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HMIS_Sutlej" title="HMIS Sutlej">HMIS Sutlej</a> leaves <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> for <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> as part of the Allied forces of occupation.</figcaption></figure> At the end of hostilities in 1945, the Indian Army's officer corps included <a href="/wiki/Indian_Medical_Service" title="Indian Medical Service">Indian Medical Service</a> officer <a href="/wiki/Hiraji_Cursetji" title="Hiraji Cursetji">Hiraji Cursetji</a> as its sole Indian major-general, one IMS brigadier, three Indian brigadiers in combatant arms and 220 other Indian officers in the temporary or acting ranks of colonel and lieutenant-colonel.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> From October 1945, the granting of regular commissions in the Indian Armed Forces was restricted to Indians, though provisions were made for the continued secondment of British officers for as long as was deemed necessary.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In 1946, sailors of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy_Mutiny" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Indian Navy Mutiny">Royal Indian Navy mutinied</a> on board ships and in shore establishments. A total of 78 ships, 20 shore establishments and 20,000 sailors were involved in the rebellion, which had an impact across India. Indianization of the armed forces nevertheless continued to progress. On 15 May 1947, Subroto Mukherjee became the first Indian <a href="/wiki/Air_officer" title="Air officer">air officer</a> with the acting rank of <a href="/wiki/Air_commodore" title="Air commodore">air commodore</a>, in the appointment of Deputy Assistant to the Air Officer Commanding (Administration).<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> On 21 July, <a href="/wiki/H.M.S._Choudhry" class="mw-redirect" title="H.M.S. Choudhry">H.M.S. Choudhry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhaskar_Sadashiv_Soman" title="Bhaskar Sadashiv Soman">Bhaskar Sadashiv Soman</a>, both of whom would eventually command the Pakistani and Indian Navies, respectively, became the first Indian Royal Indian Navy officers to be promoted to acting captain.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> On 30 July, Brigadiers K.M. Cariappa, Muhammad Akbar Khan and Maharaj Shri <a href="/wiki/Rajendrasinhji_Jadeja" title="Rajendrasinhji Jadeja">Rajendrasinhji Jadeja</a> were promoted <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(India)" title="Major general (India)">major-generals</a>, the first Indian general officers in a combat arm of the Indian Army.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dominion_of_India_(1947–1950)">Dominion of India (1947–1950)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Op_Polo_Surrender.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Op_Polo_Surrender.jpg/200px-Op_Polo_Surrender.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Op_Polo_Surrender.jpg/300px-Op_Polo_Surrender.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Op_Polo_Surrender.jpg/400px-Op_Polo_Surrender.jpg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmed_El_Edroos" title="Syed Ahmed El Edroos">Syed Ahmed El Edroos</a> (at right) offers his surrender of the <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad State</a> Forces to <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> (later <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Army Chief</a>) <a href="/wiki/Joyanto_Nath_Chaudhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri">Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri</a> at <a href="/wiki/Secunderabad" title="Secunderabad">Secunderabad</a></figcaption></figure> The period immediately following Indian independence was a traumatic time for India and her armed services. Along with the newly independent India, the Indian Armed Forces were forcibly divided between India and Pakistan, with ships, divisions and aircraft allocated to the respective Dominions. Following partition, on 15 August 1947, the Indian Armed Forces comprised: <ul><li>The Royal Indian Navy (RIN): Four sloops, two frigates, 12 minesweepers, one corvette, one survey vessel, four armed trawlers, four motor minesweepers, four harbour defence launches and all landing craft of the pre-Independence RIN.<a href="#cite_note-reconstitution-44">[44]</a></li> <li>Indian Army: 15 infantry regiments, 12 armoured corps units, 18.5 artillery regiments and 61 engineer units.<a href="#cite_note-reconstitution-44">[44]</a> Of the Nepalese Gorkha regiments formerly attached to the British Indian Army, the 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th (Royal), 8th and 9th Gorkha Rifles remained in Indian service,<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> with the first and second battalions of the 2nd, 6th, 7th and 10th Gorkha Rifles placed in British Army service.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li> <li>The Royal Indian Air Force (RIAF): Seven fighter squadrons of <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Tempest" title="Hawker Tempest">Hawker Tempest</a> II aircraft and one transport squadron of <a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">Douglas Dakota III/IV</a> aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li></ul> By the end of 1947, there were a total of 13 Indian major-generals and 30 Indian brigadiers, with all three army commands being led by Indian officers by October 1948, at which time only 260 British officers remained in the new Indian Army as advisers or in posts requiring certain technical abilities.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> With effect from April 1948, the former Viceroy's Commissioned Officers (VCO) were re-designated Junior Commissioned Officers (JCO), the distinction between King's Commissioned Indian Officers (KCIO) and Indian Commissioned Officers (ICO) was abolished and Indian Other Ranks were re-designated as "other ranks."<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> During this period, the armed forces of India were involved in a number of significant military operations, notably the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947">Indo-Pakistani War of 1947</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Polo" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Polo">Operation Polo</a>, the code name of a military operation in September 1948 where the Indian Armed Forces invaded the <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">State of Hyderabad</a>, annexing the state into the Indian Union. On 15 January 1949, General <a href="/wiki/K._M._Cariappa" title="K. M. Cariappa">K. M. Cariappa</a> was appointed the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian army.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In February 1949, the Indian government repealed colonial-era legislation which mandated limits on the recruitment of certain ethnic groups into the armed forces.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_India_(1950_to_present)">Republic of India (1950 to present)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_operations_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Military operations of India">Military operations of India</a></div> Upon India becoming a sovereign republic on 26 January 1950, some of the last vestiges of British rule – such as rank badges, imperial crowns, British ensigns and "Royal" monikers – were dropped and replaced with the Indian tricolour and the <a href="/wiki/Lion_Capital_of_Asoka" class="mw-redirect" title="Lion Capital of Asoka">Lion Capital of Asoka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-insignia-52">[52]</a> On 1 April 1951, the remaining units of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Service_Troops" title="Imperial Service Troops">Imperial Service Troops</a> of the former princely states were integrated with the regular Indian Army, though only a percentage of the former princely states forces were found capable enough to be retained in active service.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> While India had become a republic, British officers seconded from the <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a> continued to hold senior positions in the Indian Armed Forces into the early 1960s. On 1 April 1954, <a href="/wiki/Air_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Marshal">Air Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Subroto_Mukherjee" class="mw-redirect" title="Subroto Mukherjee">Subroto Mukherjee</a> became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Air Force. Effective from 1 April 1955, a parliamentary act, the Commanders-In-Chiefs (Change in Designation) Act, re-designated the office of Commander-in-Chief as the Chief of Staff of each branch. Not until 1958 would the last British chief of staff that of the Indian Navy, be succeeded by an Indian. On 22 April of that year, Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Ram_Dass_Katari" title="Ram Dass Katari">Ram Dass Katari</a> became the first Indian Chief of Naval Staff. The Chiefs of Staff of the Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy were upgraded to four-star rank on par with the Chief of Army Staff in 1966 and 1968, respectively. In 1961 tensions rose between <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Portugal</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese-occupied</a> territory of <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, which India claimed for itself. After Portuguese police cracked down violently on a peaceful, unarmed demonstration for union with India, the Indian government decided to invade and initiated <a href="/wiki/Operation_Vijay_(1961)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Vijay (1961)">Operation Vijay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> A lopsided air, sea, and ground campaign resulted in the speedy surrender of Portuguese forces. Within 36 hours, 451 years of Portuguese colonial rule ended, and Goa was annexed by India. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg/300px-1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg/450px-1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg/600px-1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>'s Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/A._A._K._Niazi" title="A. A. K. Niazi">A. A. K. Niazi</a> signing the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Pakistani Instrument of Surrender">instrument of surrender</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a> on 16 Dec' 1971, in the presence of India's <a href="/wiki/Jagjit_Singh_Aurora" title="Jagjit Singh Aurora">Lt. Gen. J.S. Aurora</a>. Standing behind them are officers of India's Army, Navy and Air Force. The <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">1971 War</a> directly involved participation of all three arms of Indian Armed Forces.</figcaption></figure> India fought <a href="/wiki/India_Pakistan_wars_and_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="India Pakistan wars and conflicts">four major wars</a> with its neighbour <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947">1947</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">1971</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">1999</a>, and with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">1962</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nathu_La_and_Cho_La_clashes" title="Nathu La and Cho La clashes">1967</a>. Indian victory over Pakistan in the 1971 war, helped create the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">free country of Bangladesh</a>. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Pakistan began organising tourist expeditions to the <a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a>, disputed territory with India. Irked by this development, in April 1984 India initiated the successful <a href="/wiki/Operation_Meghdoot" title="Operation Meghdoot">Operation Meghdoot</a> during which it gained control over all of the 70-kilometre (41-mile)-long Siachen Glacier, and all of its tributary glaciers, as well as the three main passes of the <a href="/wiki/Saltoro_Mountains" title="Saltoro Mountains">Saltoro Ridge</a> immediately west of the glacier—<a href="/wiki/Sia_La" title="Sia La">Sia La</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilafond_La" title="Bilafond La">Bilafond La</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gyong_La" title="Gyong La">Gyong La</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wirsing-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Child-56">[56]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/TIME_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="TIME magazine">TIME magazine</a>, India gained more than 1,000 square miles (3,000 km2) of territory as a result of its military operations in Siachen.<a href="#cite_note-:1-57">[57]</a> In 1987 and in 1989 Pakistan attempted to re-take the glacier but was unsuccessful. The conflict ended with Indian Victory.<a href="#cite_note-Kapur-58">[58]</a> Since 2003, the two sides have maintained a ceasefire and with "<a href="/wiki/Cold_peace" title="Cold peace">cold peace</a>".<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Peace_Keeping_Force" title="Indian Peace Keeping Force">Indian Peace Keeping Force</a> (IPKF) carried out a mission in northern and eastern Sri Lanka in 1987–1990 to disarm the <a href="/wiki/LTTE" class="mw-redirect" title="LTTE">Tamil Tigers</a> under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Sri_Lanka_Accord" title="Indo-Sri Lanka Accord">Indo-Sri Lanka Accord</a>.<a href="#cite_note-iclq-60">[60]</a> It was a difficult battle for the Indian Army, which was not trained for an unconventional war. After losing approximately 1,200 personnel and several <a href="/wiki/T-72" title="T-72">T-72</a> tanks, India ultimately abandoned the mission in consultation with the Sri Lankan government. In what was labelled as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pawan" title="Operation Pawan">Operation Pawan</a>, the Indian Air Force flew about 70,000 sorties to and within Sri Lanka. The beginning of the 21st century saw a reorientation for India on the global stage from a regional role in the subcontinent to a major role in the Indian Ocean stretching from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Strait" class="mw-redirect" title="Malacca Strait">Malacca Strait</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> India's sphere of influence has surpassed the <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian subcontinent">South Asian subcontinent</a>,<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> and it has emerged as a regional power and "net security provider" in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Bharat_Shakti.webm/300px--Bharat_Shakti.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="300" height="169" data-durationhint="60" data-mwtitle="Bharat_Shakti.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/Bharat_Shakti.webm/Bharat_Shakti.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/Bharat_Shakti.webm/Bharat_Shakti.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Bharat_Shakti.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/Bharat_Shakti.webm/Bharat_Shakti.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/Bharat_Shakti.webm/Bharat_Shakti.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/Bharat_Shakti.webm/Bharat_Shakti.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/Bharat_Shakti.webm/Bharat_Shakti.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Indian Armed Forces during Bharat Shakti military exercise</figcaption></figure> The headquarters of the Indian Armed Forces is in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, the capital city of India. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> serves as the formal Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces,<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> while actual control lies with the executive headed by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a> (MoD) is the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Republic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Ministers of the Republic of India">ministry</a> charged with the responsibilities of countering insurgency and ensuring external security of India. <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Upendra_Dwivedi" title="Upendra Dwivedi">Upendra Dwivedi</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Chief of the Army Staff</a> (COAS), <a href="/wiki/Admiral_(India)" title="Admiral (India)">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Kumar_Tripathi" title="Dinesh Kumar Tripathi">Dinesh Kumar Tripathi</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Chief of the Naval Staff</a> (CNS) and <a href="/wiki/Air_Chief_Marshal_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Chief Marshal (India)">Air Chief Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Vivek_Ram_Chaudhari" title="Vivek Ram Chaudhari">Vivek Ram Choudhari</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Air_Staff_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Air Staff (India)">Chief of the Air Staff</a> (CAS).<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The Indian armed forces are split into different groups based on their region of operation. The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> is divided administratively into seven tactical commands, each under the control of different <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General">Lieutenant Generals</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a> is divided into five operational and two functional <a href="/wiki/Command_(military_formation)" title="Command (military formation)">commands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Each command is headed by an air officer commanding-in-chief with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Air_marshal_(India)" title="Air marshal (India)">air marshal</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a> operates three <a href="/wiki/Command_(military_formation)" title="Command (military formation)">commands</a>. Each command is headed by a <a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag Officer">flag officer commanding-in-chief</a> with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral" title="Vice admiral">vice admiral</a>. There are two joint commands whose head can belong to any of the three services. These are the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Strategic Forces Command">Strategic Forces Command</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a>. The lack of an overall military commander has helped keep the Indian Armed Forces under civilian control and has prevented the rise of military dictatorships unlike in <a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Pakistan" title="Military coups in Pakistan">neighboring Pakistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Economist-69">[69]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Ministry_of_Defence-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Indian_Ministry_of_Defence-1.jpg/300px-Indian_Ministry_of_Defence-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Indian_Ministry_of_Defence-1.jpg/450px-Indian_Ministry_of_Defence-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Indian_Ministry_of_Defence-1.jpg/600px-Indian_Ministry_of_Defence-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3420" data-file-height="2293" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_Building,_New_Delhi" title="Secretariat Building, New Delhi">South Block</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> is the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Armed Forces have four main tasks:<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <ul><li>To assert the territorial integrity of India.</li> <li>To defend the country if <a href="/wiki/Offensive_(military)" title="Offensive (military)">attacked</a> by a foreign nation.</li> <li>To support the civil community in case of disasters (e.g. flooding).</li> <li>To participate in <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> peacekeeping operations in consonance with India's commitment to the United Nations Charter.</li></ul> The code of conduct of the Indian military is detailed in a semi-official book called Customs and Etiquette in the Services, written by retired Major General Ravi Arora, which details how Indian personnel are expected to conduct themselves generally.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Arora is an executive editor of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Military_Review" title="Indian Military Review">Indian Military Review</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The major deployments of the Indian army constitute the border regions of India, particularly <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a>, to engage in counter-insurgency and anti-terrorist operations. The major commitments of the Indian Navy constitute patrol missions, <a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Piracy in Somalia">anti-piracy operations</a> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, the 'Singapore Indian Maritime Bilateral Exercise' with the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy" title="Republic of Singapore Navy">Republic of Singapore Navy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits of Malacca">Straits of Malacca</a>,<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> maintaining a military presence in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asias</a> waters, and joint exercises with other countries, such as: Brasil, South Africa,<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> the United States and Japan,<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> France (<a href="/wiki/Varuna_naval_exercises" class="mw-redirect" title="Varuna naval exercises">Varuna naval exercises</a>), the People's Republic of China,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a> (<a href="/wiki/INDRA_naval_exercises" class="mw-redirect" title="INDRA naval exercises">INDRA naval exercises</a>), and others. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Top_ten_military_expenditures_in_US$_Bn._in_2014,_according_to_the_International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Top_ten_military_expenditures_in_US%24_Bn._in_2014%2C_according_to_the_International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies.PNG/300px-Top_ten_military_expenditures_in_US%24_Bn._in_2014%2C_according_to_the_International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Top_ten_military_expenditures_in_US%24_Bn._in_2014%2C_according_to_the_International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies.PNG/450px-Top_ten_military_expenditures_in_US%24_Bn._in_2014%2C_according_to_the_International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Top_ten_military_expenditures_in_US%24_Bn._in_2014%2C_according_to_the_International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies.PNG/600px-Top_ten_military_expenditures_in_US%24_Bn._in_2014%2C_according_to_the_International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="805" /></a><figcaption>Top ten military expenditures in US$ Bn. in 2014, according to the <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a>.</figcaption></figure> Between April 2015 and March 2016, India allocated $40 billion to Defence Services, $10 billion to Defence (Civil Estimates) and another $10 billion to the Home Ministry for <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Armed_Police_Forces" title="Central Armed Police Forces">CAPF</a> forces – a total allocation for defence and security of about $60 billion for the financial year 2015–16.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In 2016–17, the contribution to the Home Ministry has been increased from $10 billion to $11.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Contemporary criticism of the Indian military have drawn attention to several issues, such as lack of political reform,<a href="#cite_note-Cohen-80">[80]</a> obsolete equipment,<a href="#cite_note-afp-81">[81]</a> lack of adequate ammunition,<a href="#cite_note-afp-81">[81]</a> and inadequate <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> due to over-reliance on foreign imports.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In addition, the lack of a 'strategic culture' among the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">political class in India</a> is claimed to have hindered the effectiveness of the Indian military.<a href="#cite_note-Economist-69">[69]</a> Critics believe these issues hobble the progress and modernisation of the military. However, analysis by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> indicates that India is projected to have the fourth most capable concentration of power by 2015.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] According to a report published by the <a href="/wiki/US_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="US Congress">US Congress</a>, India is the developing world's leading arms purchaser.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> It is investing ₹99.7 billion (US$1.2 billion) to build a dedicated and secure <a href="/wiki/Optical_fibre_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical fibre cable">optical fibre cable</a> (OFC) network for exclusive use of the Army, Navy and Air Force. This will be one of the world's largest closed user group (CUG) networks.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personnel">Personnel</h3></div> During 2010, the Indian Armed Forces had a reported strength of 1.4 million active personnel and 2.1 million reserve personnel. In addition, there were approximately 1.3 million paramilitary personnel, making it one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_size_of_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by size of armed forces">world's largest military forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IISS_2010,_pp._358-86">[86]</a> A total of 1,567,390 ex- servicemen are registered with the Indian Army, the majority of them hailing from: Uttar Pradesh (271,928), Punjab (191,702), Haryana (165,702), Maharashtra (143,951), Kerala (127,920), Tamil Nadu (103,156), Rajasthan (100,592) and Himachal Pradesh (78,321). Many of them are re-employed in various Central government sectors.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Equivalent-ranks-of-the-Indian-Armed-Forces.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Equivalent-ranks-of-the-Indian-Armed-Forces.jpg/281px-Equivalent-ranks-of-the-Indian-Armed-Forces.jpg" decoding="async" width="281" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Equivalent-ranks-of-the-Indian-Armed-Forces.jpg/422px-Equivalent-ranks-of-the-Indian-Armed-Forces.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Equivalent-ranks-of-the-Indian-Armed-Forces.jpg/562px-Equivalent-ranks-of-the-Indian-Armed-Forces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1175" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption>Picture showing equivalent ranks and insignia of Indian Armed Forces. (click to enlarge)</figcaption></figure> <table class="infobox expandable expanded" style="clear:right; float:right; width:auto; font-size:85%; border-spacing:2px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><div style="font-size:110%;padding:0.15em 3em 0.15em 0.15em;">Equivalent ranks of Indian military</div> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:110%;"> <th style="width:33%;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy_ranks_and_insignia" title="Indian Navy ranks and insignia">Indian Navy</a></th> <th style="width:33%;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_ranks_and_insignia" title="Indian Army ranks and insignia">Indian Army</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia" title="Indian Air Force ranks and insignia">Indian Air Force</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Commissioned ranks</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_fleet" title="Admiral of the fleet">Admiral of the fleet</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(India)" title="Field marshal (India)">Field marshal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="Marshal of the Indian Air Force">Marshal of the Indian Air Force</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Admiral_(India)" title="Admiral (India)">Admiral</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_(India)" title="General (India)">General</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_Chief_Marshal_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Chief Marshal (India)">Air chief marshal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vice_Admiral_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral (India)">Vice admiral</a></td> <td style="padding-right: 0.75em"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General (India)">Lieutenant general</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_Marshal_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Marshal (India)">Air marshal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral_(India)" title="Rear admiral (India)">Rear admiral</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_general_(India)" title="Major general (India)">Major general</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_vice_marshal_(India)" title="Air vice marshal (India)">Air vice marshal</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:1.2em;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Commodore_(India)" title="Commodore (India)">Commodore</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(India)" title="Brigadier (India)">Brigadier</a></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Air_commodore_(India)" title="Air commodore (India)">Air commodore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_(Indian_Navy)" title="Captain (Indian Navy)">Captain</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(India)" title="Colonel (India)">Colonel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Group_captain_(India)" title="Group captain (India)">Group captain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">Commander</a></td> <td style="padding-right: 0.75em"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">Lieutenant colonel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wing_commander_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing commander (rank)">Wing commander</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:1.2em;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander" title="Lieutenant commander">Lieutenant commander</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Squadron_leader" title="Squadron leader">Squadron leader</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">Lieutenant</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">Captain</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">Flight lieutenant</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:1.2em;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Sub_lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub lieutenant">Sub lieutenant</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</a></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Flying_officer" title="Flying officer">Flying officer</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:1.2em;"> <td colspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Junior commissioned ranks</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Junior_Commissioned_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Commissioned Officer">Master chief petty officer 1st class</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Subedar_Major" class="mw-redirect" title="Subedar Major">Subedar major</a><a href="#cite_note-submaj-88">[Alt 1]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer">Master warrant officer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Junior_Commissioned_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Commissioned Officer">Master chief petty officer 2nd class</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Subedar" title="Subedar">Subedar</a><a href="#cite_note-sub-89">[Alt 2]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer" title="Warrant officer">Warrant officer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Junior_Commissioned_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Commissioned Officer">Chief petty officer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naib_Subedar" class="mw-redirect" title="Naib Subedar">Naib subedar</a><a href="#cite_note-nbsub-90">[Alt 3]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer">Junior warrant officer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Non-commissioned ranks</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Petty_officer" title="Petty officer">Petty officer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Havildar" title="Havildar">Havildar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Daffadar" title="Daffadar">Daffadar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leading_seaman" title="Leading seaman">Leading seaman</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naik_(military_rank)" title="Naik (military rank)">Naik</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lance_daffadar" title="Lance daffadar">Lance daffadar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seaman 1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lance_naik" title="Lance naik">Lance naik</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Acting_Lance-Daffadar" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting Lance-Daffadar">Acting Lance-Daffadar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leading_aircraftsman" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading aircraftsman">Leading aircraftsman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seaman 2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sepoy" title="Sepoy">Sepoy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sowar" title="Sowar">Sowar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aircraftsman" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraftsman">Aircraftsman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Footnotes</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-submaj-88"><a href="#cite_ref-submaj_88-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Risaldar_major" class="mw-redirect" title="Risaldar major">Risaldar major</a> in cavalry and armoured regiments </li> <li id="cite_note-sub-89"><a href="#cite_ref-sub_89-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Risaldar" title="Risaldar">Risaldar</a> in cavalry and armoured regiments </li> <li id="cite_note-nbsub-90"><a href="#cite_ref-nbsub_90-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Naib_risaldar" class="mw-redirect" title="Naib risaldar">Naib risaldar</a> in cavalry and armoured regiments. Called <a href="/wiki/Jemadar" title="Jemadar">jemadar</a> until 1965. </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> The highest wartime gallantry award given by the Military of India is the <a href="/wiki/Param_Vir_Chakra" title="Param Vir Chakra">Param Vir Chakra</a> (PVC), followed by the <a href="/wiki/Maha_Vir_Chakra" title="Maha Vir Chakra">Maha Vir Chakra</a> (MVC) and the <a href="/wiki/Vir_Chakra" title="Vir Chakra">Vir Chakra</a> (VrC). Their peacetime equivalents are <a href="/wiki/Ashoka_Chakra_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashoka Chakra Award">Ashoka Chakra Award</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirti_Chakra" title="Kirti Chakra">Kirti Charka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shaurya_Chakra" title="Shaurya Chakra">Shaurya Chakra</a> respectively. The highest decoration for meritorious service is the <a href="/wiki/Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal" title="Param Vishisht Seva Medal">Param Vishisht Seva Medal</a> (PVSM) followed by <a href="/wiki/Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal" title="Ati Vishisht Seva Medal">Ati Vishisht Seva Medal</a> (AVSM) and <a href="/wiki/Vishisht_Seva_Medal" title="Vishisht Seva Medal">Vishisht Seva Medal</a> (VSM). Awards for distinguished services rendered in wartime and hostilities are <a href="/wiki/Uttam_Yudh_Seva_Medal" title="Uttam Yudh Seva Medal">Uttam Yudh Seva Medal</a> (UYSM) and <a href="/wiki/Yudh_Seva_Medal" title="Yudh Seva Medal">Yudh Seva Medal</a> (YSM). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Women_in_the_armed_forces">Women in the armed forces</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Indian_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Indian Armed Forces">Women in Indian Armed Forces</a></div> As of December 2021, the percentages of women serving across all ranks in the Army, Navy and Air Force are 0.59%, 6.0% and 1.08%, respectively. Women may serve at any rank in the Army and Air Force but may only serve in the Navy as commissioned officers.<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, the Temporary Indian Nursing Service was established in 1914 to meet the nursing needs of Indian soldiers serving in the First World War, with female Indian nurses serving as military auxiliaries. The <a href="/wiki/Military_Nursing_Service" title="Military Nursing Service">Indian Military Nursing Service</a> (MNS) was formed on 1 October 1926, with its officers integrated into the armed forces on 15 September 1943 and given the status of commissioned officers.<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> Following Independence, apart from those serving in the MNS, women remained ineligible for regular commissions in the armed forces until 1 November 1958, when the restriction on granting permanent commissions to women was removed for those joining the <a href="/wiki/Army_Medical_Corps_(India)" title="Army Medical Corps (India)">Army Medical Corps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-permanent-93">[90]</a> In 1961, Dr. Barbara Ghosh became the first female medical officer to be granted a permanent naval commission.<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> On 27 August 1976, Gertrude Alice Ram, the military nursing service Matron-in-Chief, became the first woman officer in the Indian Army to attain the rank of <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(India)" title="Major general (India)">major-general</a>, and the first female officer in the Indian Armed Forces to attain <a href="/wiki/Two-star_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-star rank">two-star rank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> In January 1992, the Union government sanctioned the induction of women into non-combatant branches of the Army while holding short-service commissions.<a href="#cite_note-TNIE-96">[93]</a> On 28 November 1992, the Indian Navy became the first armed force to commission women on short-service commissions in non-medical streams (Education, Logistics and Naval Law).<a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> The Air Force approved the induction of women officers for ground duties in 1992, with those officers receiving their commissions on 1 June 1993, and opened the flying (non-fighter) and technical branches to women the same year,<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> commissioning its first seven female pilots on 17 December 1994.<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> Until December 1996,<a href="#cite_note-TNIE-96">[93]</a> women short-service commission officers in the Armed Forces were limited to five years in service, excepting the technical branch of the air force, in which female officers could only serve for three years.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> In August 1998, the Navy opened all of its branches to women.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Punita_Arora" title="Punita Arora">Punita Arora</a> was appointed Commandant, <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Medical_College" title="Armed Forces Medical College">Armed Forces Medical College</a> on 1 September 2004 in the rank of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(India)" title="Lieutenant general (India)">lieutenant-general</a>, becoming the first woman in the armed forces to reach <a href="/wiki/Three-star_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="Three-star rank">three-star rank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> In September 2008, women became eligible for permanent commissions in the <a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Department_(India)" title="Judge Advocate General's Department (India)">Judge Advocate General</a> (JAG) and Education Corps in all three services, along with the Naval Constructor branch of the Navy and in the Accounts branch of the Air Force. This made them eligible to be promoted by selection in those streams (to the ranks of <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(India)" title="Colonel (India)">colonel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captain_(Indian_Navy)" title="Captain (Indian Navy)">captain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Group_captain_(India)" title="Group captain (India)">group captain</a>, and to the flag ranks), as short-service commissions are relinquished after 14 years of service. In November 2011, women Air Force officers further became eligible for permanent commissions in the Technical, Administration, Logistics and Meteorology Branches.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Branches">Branches</h3></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#cd5c5c; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 10610.015378333px; border-left-color:#000080"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#000080"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#000080"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2790.998076765px; border-left-color:#6BA4B8"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#6BA4B8"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#6BA4B8"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 116.93609877053px; border-left-color:#ffffff"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#ffffff"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#ffffff"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 64.080618631096px; border-left-color:#670000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#670000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#670000"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Total personnel under <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> (84.07%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a> (4.67%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a> (10.69%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a> (0.42%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a> (0.15%)</div> </div> </div></div> <table class="wikitable" width="900" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="align: center; background:" colspan="5">Indian Armed Forces<a href="#cite_note-Press_Information_Bureau-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-IISS_2012-104">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-18">[18]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Active</td> <td>Reserve<a href="#cite_note-:0-105">[102]</a></td> <td>Governing Body</td> <td>Area </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a></td> <td>1,237,117</td> <td>960,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a></td> <td>67,228</td> <td>55,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a></td> <td>139,576</td> <td>140,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg/23px-Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg/35px-Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg/46px-Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a></td> <td>11,000</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/BRO_Flag.svg/23px-BRO_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/BRO_Flag.svg/35px-BRO_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/BRO_Flag.svg/45px-BRO_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="267" /> <a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a></td> <td>33,230</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>1,488,151</td> <td>1,155,000</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="align: center" colspan="5">Paramilitary Forces<a href="#cite_note-IISS_2012-104">[101]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Active</td> <td>Reserve</td> <td>Governing Body</td> <td>Area </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Assam_Rifles_LOGO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Assam_Rifles_LOGO.svg/25px-Assam_Rifles_LOGO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Assam_Rifles_LOGO.svg/38px-Assam_Rifles_LOGO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Assam_Rifles_LOGO.svg/50px-Assam_Rifles_LOGO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="388" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Assam_Rifles" title="Assam Rifles">Assam Rifles</a></td> <td>66,000</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:SFF_LOGO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/SFF_LOGO.svg/25px-SFF_LOGO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/SFF_LOGO.svg/38px-SFF_LOGO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/SFF_LOGO.svg/50px-SFF_LOGO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1276" data-file-height="833" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Special_Frontier_Force" title="Special Frontier Force">Special Frontier Force</a></td> <td>10,000<a href="#cite_note-:0-105">[102]</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>76,000</td> <td>N.A.</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Central Armed Police Forces and Others<a href="#cite_note-IISS_2012-104">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:BSF_Insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/BSF_Insignia.svg/25px-BSF_Insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/BSF_Insignia.svg/38px-BSF_Insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/BSF_Insignia.svg/50px-BSF_Insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="396" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Force" title="Border Security Force">Border Security Force</a></td> <td>265,000</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a></td> <td>Indo-Pak Border, Indo-Bangladesh, others<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:CISF_LOGO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/CISF_LOGO.svg/24px-CISF_LOGO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/CISF_LOGO.svg/37px-CISF_LOGO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/CISF_LOGO.svg/49px-CISF_LOGO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="542" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Central_Industrial_Security_Force" title="Central Industrial Security Force">Central Industrial Security Force</a></td> <td>163,590</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a></td> <td>Industries, <a href="/wiki/Public_sector_undertakings_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Public sector undertakings in India">PSUs</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:CRPF_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/CRPF_Logo.svg/24px-CRPF_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/CRPF_Logo.svg/37px-CRPF_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/CRPF_Logo.svg/49px-CRPF_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force</a></td> <td>313,634</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a></td> <td>All India Force </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:ITBP_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/ITBP_Logo.svg/25px-ITBP_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/ITBP_Logo.svg/38px-ITBP_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/ITBP_Logo.svg/50px-ITBP_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="813" data-file-height="926" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police" title="Indo-Tibetan Border Police">Indo-Tibetan Border Police</a></td> <td>89,432</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a></td> <td>India-China Border<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:National_Security_Guard-India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/National_Security_Guard-India.svg/25px-National_Security_Guard-India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/National_Security_Guard-India.svg/38px-National_Security_Guard-India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/National_Security_Guard-India.svg/50px-National_Security_Guard-India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Guard" title="National Security Guard">National Security Guard</a></td> <td>12,000<a href="#cite_note-:0-105">[102]</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a></td> <td>On Special duty in India </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Sashastra_Seema_Bal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sashastra_Seema_Bal.svg/24px-Sashastra_Seema_Bal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sashastra_Seema_Bal.svg/37px-Sashastra_Seema_Bal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sashastra_Seema_Bal.svg/49px-Sashastra_Seema_Bal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="504" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sashastra_Seema_Bal" title="Sashastra Seema Bal">Sashastra Seema Bal</a></td> <td>94,261</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a></td> <td>Indo-Nepal Border and Indo-Bhutan Border<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_RPF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Logo_of_RPF.jpg/25px-Logo_of_RPF.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Logo_of_RPF.jpg/38px-Logo_of_RPF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Logo_of_RPF.jpg/50px-Logo_of_RPF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Railway_Protection_Force" title="Railway Protection Force">Railway Protection Force</a></td> <td>76,563<a href="#cite_note-:0-105">[102]</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Ministry of Railways</a></td> <td>Indian Railways </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:NDRF_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/NDRF_Logo.png/25px-NDRF_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/NDRF_Logo.png/38px-NDRF_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/NDRF_Logo.png/50px-NDRF_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/National_Disaster_Response_Force" title="National Disaster Response Force">National Disaster Response Force</a></td> <td>13,000</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a></td> <td>Area prone to Disaster in India </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:DSC_Insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/DSC_Insignia.svg/25px-DSC_Insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/DSC_Insignia.svg/38px-DSC_Insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/DSC_Insignia.svg/50px-DSC_Insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="352" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Defence_Security_Corps" title="Defence Security Corps">Defence Security Corps</a></td> <td>31,000<a href="#cite_note-:0-105">[102]</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Army_(India)" title="Territorial Army (India)">Territorial Army</a> branch of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:SPG_LOGO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SPG_LOGO.svg/25px-SPG_LOGO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SPG_LOGO.svg/38px-SPG_LOGO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SPG_LOGO.svg/50px-SPG_LOGO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="475" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Group" title="Special Protection Group">Special Protection Group</a></td> <td>3,000<a href="#cite_note-:0-105">[102]</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretariat_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretariat of India">Cabinet Secretariat</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretariat_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretariat of India">Cabinet Secretariat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/15px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/23px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/30px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a> <a href="/wiki/State_Armed_Police_Forces" title="State Armed Police Forces">State Armed Police Forces</a></td> <td>450,000<a href="#cite_note-:0-105">[102]</a></td> <td></td> <td>State Governments</td> <td>Respective States </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/15px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/23px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/30px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a> Civil Defence</td> <td></td> <td>500,000<a href="#cite_note-:0-105">[102]</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/15px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/23px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/30px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Home_Guard_(India)" title="Home Guard (India)">Home Guard</a></td> <td></td> <td>441,800<a href="#cite_note-:0-105">[102]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a></td> <td>Respective States In India </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>1,511,480</td> <td>941,800</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recruitment_and_Training">Recruitment and Training</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_India" title="Military academies in India">Military academies in India</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sudan_Block_NDA.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sudan_Block_NDA.JPG/250px-Sudan_Block_NDA.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sudan_Block_NDA.JPG/375px-Sudan_Block_NDA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sudan_Block_NDA.JPG/500px-Sudan_Block_NDA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1862" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Academy_(India)" title="National Defence Academy (India)">National Defence Academy</a> (NDA) at <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a>. NDA serves as the joint services academy for the army, the navy and the air force.</figcaption></figure> The vast majority of soldiers in Indian Army are enlisted personnel, called by the Army as Soldier, general duty. These soldiers are recruited at different recruitment rallies across the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIISS2018-110">[107]</a> At these rallies, Army recruiters look at candidates from surrounding districts and examine their fitness for the Army. Candidates for Soldier, general duty must have Class 10 Leaving Certificate and in the range of 17 to 21 years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIISS2019-111">[108]</a> The Army also does online applications to appear at recruitment rallies. Requirements for technical roles, like nurses, artillery, Missile Defense have more stringent educational requirements. The least restrictive job in Army is House Keeper and Cleaner, for which candidates only have to be 8th pass. At the rally, prospective soldiers are evaluated for height, weight, vision and hearing, and physical fitness. Fitness tests include a 1.6 km Run, Pull Ups, jumping a 9 Feet ditch, and doing a zig zag balance test. After recruitment rally, accepted candidates go to Basic Training.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> The Indian Armed Forces have set up numerous military academies across India for training personnel. Military schools, <a href="/wiki/Sainik_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School">Sainik Schools</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Indian_Military_College" title="Rashtriya Indian Military College">Rashtriya Indian Military College</a> were founded to broaden the recruitment base of the Defence Forces. The three branches of the Indian Armed Forces jointly operate several institutions such as: the <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Academy_(India)" title="National Defence Academy (India)">National Defence Academy</a> (NDA), the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Services_Staff_College" title="Defence Services Staff College">Defence Services Staff College</a> (DSSC), the <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_College,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="National Defence College, India">National Defence College</a> (NDC) and the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Defence_Management" title="College of Defence Management">College of Defence Management</a> (CDM) for training its officers. The <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Medical_College,_Pune" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces Medical College, Pune">Armed Forces Medical College</a> (AFMC) at <a href="/wiki/Pune,_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Pune, Maharashtra">Pune</a> is responsible for providing the entire pool of medical staff to the Armed Forces by giving them in-service training.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIISS2019-111">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIISS2014-113">[110]</a> Officer recruitment is through many military-related academies. Besides the tri-service <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Academy_(India)" title="National Defence Academy (India)">National Defence Academy, Pune</a>, the three services have their own training institutes for this purpose. These include: the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Military_Academy" title="Indian Military Academy">Indian Military Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Academy" title="Indian Naval Academy">Indian Naval Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ezhimala" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezhimala">Ezhimala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Academy,_Dundigul" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Academy, Dundigul">Air Force Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dundigal" title="Dundigal">Dundigal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Officers_Training_Academy" title="Officers Training Academy">Officers Training Academy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaya,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaya, India">Gaya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-yn6j-114">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-toi10f-115">[112]</a> Other notable institutions are the <a href="/wiki/Army_War_College,_Mhow" title="Army War College, Mhow">Army War College</a>, at Mhow, Madhya Pradesh, the <a href="/wiki/High_Altitude_Warfare_School" title="High Altitude Warfare School">High Altitude Warfare School</a> (HAWS), at Gulmarg, Jammu and Kashmir, the <a href="/wiki/Counter_Insurgency_and_Jungle_Warfare_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School">Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School</a> (CIJW), in Vairengte, Mizoram, and the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Military_Engineering,_Pune" title="College of Military Engineering, Pune">College of Military Engineering</a> (CME), in Pune. After being commissioned, officers are posted and deputed, and are at the helm of affairs not only inside India but also abroad. Officers are appointed and removed only by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overseas_bases_and_relations">Overseas bases and relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_overseas_military_bases#India" title="List of countries with overseas military bases">List of India's overseas military bases and posts</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haa-Dzong_Bhutan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Haa-Dzong_Bhutan.jpg/300px-Haa-Dzong_Bhutan.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Haa-Dzong_Bhutan.jpg/450px-Haa-Dzong_Bhutan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Haa-Dzong_Bhutan.jpg/600px-Haa-Dzong_Bhutan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3150" data-file-height="1613" /></a><figcaption>The Haa Dzong in <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> which houses the Headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Military_Training_Team" title="Indian Military Training Team">Indian Military Training Team</a> (IMTRAT)</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Farkhor_Air_Base" title="Farkhor Air Base">Farkhor Air Base</a> is a military air base located near the town of Farkhor in Tajikistan, 130 kilometres (81 mi) southeast of the capital Dushanbe. It is operated by the Indian Air Force in collaboration with the Tajikistan Air Force. Farkhor is India's first and only military base outside its territory.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> There was an unconfirmed report of India building some assets at <a href="/wiki/Ayni_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayni Air Base">Ayni Air Base</a> in Tajikistan,<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> although the Tajik government has denied this.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> However, India had deployed its Army and <a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a> personnel to upgrade Ayni airbase by extending its runway, constructing an air-traffic control tower and perimeter fencing around the base. India provided medium-lift choppers to Tajikistan and a dedicated hospital there as part of efforts to build on the strategic ties between the two countries against the backdrop of US-led troops pulling out from Afghanistan in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> India is also helping with the development of <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Chabahar" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Chabahar">Chah Bahar Seaport</a> in southeastern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, which is speculated to be done to secure India's Maritime assets and also as a gateway to Afghanistan & Central Asia. However, India and Israel also have a very strong defence relationship.<a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_70-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_-_39.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_70-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_-_39.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_70-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_-_39.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_70-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_-_39.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_70-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_-_39.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_70-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_-_39.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_70-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_-_39.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Contingent from the Indian Armed Forces at the <a href="/wiki/2015_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade">Moscow Victory Day Parade</a>, 2015.</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/1950_Indo-Nepal_Treaty_of_Peace_and_Friendship" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship">1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship</a>, India took on the obligation to actively assist Nepal in national defence and military preparedness, and both nations agreed not to tolerate threats to each other's security.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> In 1958, the then-<a href="/wiki/Indian_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Prime Minister">Indian Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> visited Bhutan and reiterated India's support for Bhutan's independence and later declared in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Parliament">Indian Parliament</a> that any aggression against Bhutan would be seen as aggression against India.<a href="#cite_note-BI-124">[121]</a> India started the process to bring the island country Maldives into India's security grid.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> India is also one of three countries with whom Japan has a security pact, the others being Australia and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> India and Russia maintain <a href="/wiki/Indo%E2%80%93Russia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo–Russia relations">strong military co-operation.</a> India has defence pacts with the US focusing on areas including security, joint training, joint development and manufacture of defence equipment and technology.<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> In 1951, India and Burma signed a Treaty of Friendship in New Delhi. Article II of the treaty stipulates that "There shall be everlasting peace and unalterable friendship between the two States who shall ever strive to strengthen and develop further the cordial relations existing between the peoples of the two countries."<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a> India had signed a pact to develop ports in Myanmar and various bilateral issues, including economic co-operation, connectivity, security and energy.<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> India has a "comprehensive strategic partnership" with UAE.<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> India has maritime security arrangements in place with Oman and Qatar.<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a> In 2008, a landmark defence pact was signed, under which India committed its military assets to protect "Qatar from external threats".<a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a> On 9 June 2012, the JIMEX 2012 naval exercise took place off the coast of Tamil Nadu in India to Tokyo in Japan. This was the first ever bilateral maritime exercise between the two nations in a long time, reflecting their similar interests, especially those involving spontaneous regional security against common external aggressors. The Indian Navy has berthing rights in Oman and Vietnam. As part of its two-decade-old <a href="/wiki/Look_East_policy_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Look East policy (India)">Look East policy</a>, India has substantially stepped up military engagement with East Asian and <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a> nations. Although never explicitly stated, ASEAN and East Asian nations want New Delhi to be a counterweight to increasing Chinese footprints in the region. Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia and, particularly, Vietnam and Myanmar have time and again pressed India to help them both in terms of military training and weapons supply.<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> Myanmar's Navy Chief, Vice Admiral Thura Thet Swe during his four-day visit to India in late July 2012 held wide-ranging consultations with top officials from the Indian Ministry of Defence. Apart from increasing the number of training slots of Myanmar officers in Indian military training establishments, India has agreed to build at least four Offshore Patrol Vehicles (OPV) in Indian Shipyards to be used by Myanmar's navy. For more than a decade now, India has assisted Vietnam in beefing up its naval and air capabilities. For instance, India has repaired and upgraded more than 100 <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">MiG 21</a> planes of the Vietnam People's Air Force and supplied them with enhanced avionics and radar systems. Indian Air Force pilots have also been training their Vietnamese counterparts. In a first, India has offered a $100-million credit line to Vietnam to purchase military equipment. A bilateral agreement for the use of facilities in India by the Singapore Air Force and Army was signed in October 2007 and August 2008 respectively and has been extended up to 2017. Singapore is the only country to which India is offering such facilities.<a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indian_Army">Indian Army</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm/249px--Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="249" height="140" data-durationhint="23" data-mwtitle="Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Indian Army's <a href="/wiki/Arjun_(tank)" title="Arjun (tank)">Arjun Mark 1A</a> tank.</figcaption></figure> The Indian Army is a voluntary service, the <a href="/wiki/Military_draft" class="mw-redirect" title="Military draft">military draft</a> having never been imposed in India. It is one of the largest standing armies (and the largest standing volunteer army) in the world, with 1,237,000 active troops and 800,000 reserve troops.<a href="#cite_note-Studies2023-135">[132]</a> The force is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Army_Staff_of_the_Indian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army">Chief of Army Staff</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Upendra Dwivedi</a>. The highest rank in the Indian Army is <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a>, but it is a largely ceremonial rank and appointments are made by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>, on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Cabinet_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Cabinet of India">Union Cabinet</a> of Ministers, only in exceptional circumstances. <a href="/wiki/Sam_Manekshaw" title="Sam Manekshaw">Sam Manekshaw</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal_Kodandera_Madappa_Cariappa" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal Kodandera Madappa Cariappa">K.M. Cariappa</a> are the only two officers who have attained this rank.<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a> The army has combat experience in diverse terrains and also has a distinguished history of serving in <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a> operations. India contributes 6000 of its personnel to the UN peacekeeping efforts making it the second largest contributor.<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> The Indian Army has seen military action during the <a href="/wiki/First_Kashmir_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Kashmir War">First Kashmir War</a>,<a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Polo" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Polo">Operation Polo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a>,<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Second_Kashmir_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Kashmir War">Second Kashmir War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan Civil War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a>. The Indian Army has participated in several UN <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a> operations including those in: Cyprus, Lebanon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Cambodia, Vietnam, Namibia, El Salvador, Liberia, Mozambique and Somalia. The army also provided a <a href="/wiki/Paramedical" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramedical">paramedical</a> unit to facilitate the withdrawal of the sick and wounded in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doctrine,_corps,_field_force">Doctrine, corps, field force</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIC18Y6S_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/PIC18Y6S_%28cropped%29.jpg/251px-PIC18Y6S_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="251" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/PIC18Y6S_%28cropped%29.jpg/377px-PIC18Y6S_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/PIC18Y6S_%28cropped%29.jpg/502px-PIC18Y6S_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1301" data-file-height="867" /></a><figcaption>Indian Army <a href="/wiki/Pinaka_multi-barrel_rocket_launcher" title="Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher">Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher</a>.</figcaption></figure> The current combat doctrine of the Indian Army is based on effectively utilising holding formations and strike formations. In the case of an attack, the holding formations would contain the enemy, and strike formations would counter-attack to neutralise enemy forces.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In the case of an Indian attack, the holding formations would pin enemy forces down while the strike formations attack at a point of India's choosing. The Indian Army is large enough to devote several corps to the strike role. The army is also looking at enhancing its special forces capabilities.<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> With the role of India increasing, and the need to protect India's interests on far-off shores becoming important, the Indian Army and Indian Navy are jointly planning to set up a marine brigade.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a> The Army's field force comprises fifteen corps, three armoured divisions, four Reorganised Army Plains Infantry Divisions (RAPID), eighteen infantry divisions and ten mountain divisions, a number of independent brigades, and requisite combat support and service support formations and units. Among the fifteen, four are "strike" corps – <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a> (<a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(India)" title="I Corps (India)">I Corps</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ambala_Cantonment" title="Ambala Cantonment">Ambala</a> (<a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(India)" title="II Corps (India)">II Corps</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a> (<a href="/wiki/XXI_Corps_(India)" title="XXI Corps (India)">XXI Corps</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Panagarh" title="Panagarh">Panagarh</a> (<a href="/wiki/XVII_Corps_(India)" title="XVII Corps (India)">XVII Corps</a>). The main combat and combat support units are 68 armoured regiments, and over 350 infantry battalions and 300 artillery regiments (including two surface-to-surface missile (SSM) units). Among major armaments and equipment, there are 4,614 main battle tanks, more than 150,000 vehicles, 140 self-propelled artillery, 3,243 towed artillery, more than 700 rocket artillery(MLRS) in the Indian Army.<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mountain_Strike_Corps">Mountain Strike Corps</h4></div> India has raised a new mountain strike corps to strengthen its defence along its disputed border with China in the high reaches of the Himalayas. However, the entire XVII Corps, with its headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Panagarh" title="Panagarh">Panagarh</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, will only be fully raised with 90,274 troops at a cost of 646.7 Billion Indian Rupees by 2018–2019 (circa US$7.3 Billion at 2018 rates). With units spread across the 4,057 kilometres (2,521 mi) Line of Actual Control (LAC) from <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> to <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a>, the corps will have two high-altitude infantry divisions (59 Div at Panagarh and 72 Div at Pathankot) with their integral units, two independent infantry brigades, two armoured brigades and the like. It will include 30 new infantry battalions and two Para-Special Forces battalions. In other words, it will have "rapid reaction force" capability to launch a counter-offensive into <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a> (TAR) in the event of any Chinese attack.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Army_Aviation_Corps">Army Aviation Corps</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Army_Aviation_Corps_(India)" title="Army Aviation Corps (India)">Army Aviation Corps (India)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rudra_Vayushakti_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rudra_Vayushakti_2024.jpg/250px-Rudra_Vayushakti_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rudra_Vayushakti_2024.jpg/375px-Rudra_Vayushakti_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rudra_Vayushakti_2024.jpg/500px-Rudra_Vayushakti_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Indian Army's <a href="/wiki/HAL_Rudra" title="HAL Rudra">HAL Rudra</a> helicopter's.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Army_Aviation_Corps_(India)" title="Army Aviation Corps (India)">Army Aviation Corps</a> is another vital part of the Indian Army formed on 1 November 1986. The army aviation pilots are drawn from other combat arms, including artillery officers, to form a composite third dimensional force for an integrated battle. IAF operates and flies attack Helicopters like the Mil Mi-25/Mi-35 which are owned and administered by the Indian Air Force, but under the operational control of the Army and play a major role to support the armoured columns and infantry. Apart from the attack role, helicopters like the <a href="/wiki/HAL_Chetak" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Chetak">HAL Chetak</a>, <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_SA_315B_Lama" title="Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama">HAL Cheetah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/HAL_Dhruv" title="HAL Dhruv">HAL Dhruv</a> provide logistical support for the Indian Army in remote and inaccessible areas, especially the Siachen Glacier. To equip Army Aviation Corps, procurement process for 197 light utility helicopters (LUH) is ongoing, of which 64 will be inducted in the Army Aviation to replace the Cheetak and Cheetah Helicopters. <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Aeronautics_Limited" title="Hindustan Aeronautics Limited">HAL</a> has obtained a firm order to deliver 114 HAL <a href="/wiki/HAL_Light_Combat_Helicopter" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Light Combat Helicopter">Light Combat Helicopters</a> to the Indian Army.<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modernisation">Modernisation</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mechanised_forces">Mechanised forces</h4></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yudh_Abhyas-09_T-90.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Yudh_Abhyas-09_T-90.JPG/300px-Yudh_Abhyas-09_T-90.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Yudh_Abhyas-09_T-90.JPG/450px-Yudh_Abhyas-09_T-90.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Yudh_Abhyas-09_T-90.JPG/600px-Yudh_Abhyas-09_T-90.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3564" data-file-height="2208" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a>'s tanks and infantry vehicles during an exercise.</figcaption></figure> India is re-organising its mechanised forces to achieve strategic mobility and high-volume firepower for rapid thrusts into enemy territory. At present, the Indian army has severe deficiencies in its artillery (particularly self-propelled guns) and ammunition stocks, not to mention the inability of some of its modern tanks to operate in the heat and dust of the desert regions around the international border.<a href="#cite_note-Ladwig2-147">[144]</a> India proposes to progressively induct as many as 248 <a href="/wiki/Arjun_MBT" class="mw-redirect" title="Arjun MBT">Arjun MBT</a> and to develop and induct the Arjun MK-II variant, 1,657 Russian-origin <a href="/wiki/T-90" title="T-90">T-90</a>S main-battle tanks, apart from the ongoing upgrade of its <a href="/wiki/T-72" title="T-72">T-72</a> fleet. Arjun MK-II trials had already begun in August 2013.<a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> The improved features of the MK-II version of Arjun are night vision capabilities with a thermal imaging system for detecting all kinds of missiles, <a href="/wiki/Explosive_Reactive_Armour" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosive Reactive Armour">Explosive Reactive Armour</a> (ERA), mine ploughs, the ability to fire anti-tank missiles with its 120 mm main gun, an <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Army_Air_Defence_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corps of Army Air Defence (India)">Advanced Air Defence</a> gun capable of shooting down helicopters with a 360-degree coverage, Automatic Target Tracking (ATT) lending a greater accuracy when it comes to moving targets and superior Laser Warning and Control systems. The Indian Army will upgrade its entire Boyevaya Mashina Pekhoty-2 (<a href="/wiki/BMP-2" title="BMP-2">BMP-2</a>)/2K <a href="/wiki/Infantry_combat_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Infantry combat vehicle">infantry combat vehicle</a> (ICV) fleet to enhance their ability to address operational requirements. Upgrades include integration of the latest generation fire control system, twin missile launchers and commander's thermal imaging panoramic sights, anti- tank guided missiles, as well as automatic grenade launchers.<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Artillery">Artillery</h4></div> Under the Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan, the army plans to procure 3000 to 4000 pieces of artillery at a cost of US$3 billion. This includes purchasing 1580 towed, 814 mounted, 180 self-propelled wheeled, 100 self-propelled tracked and 145 ultra-light 155 mm/52 calibre artillery guns. After three years of searching and negotiations, India ordered <a href="/wiki/M777_howitzer" title="M777 howitzer">M777</a> 155 mm howitzers from USA in September 2013.<a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a> To lend greater firepower support to the <a href="/wiki/Mechanized_infantry" title="Mechanized infantry">Mechanized infantry</a>, DRDO has developed the <a href="/wiki/Pinaka_Multi_Barrel_Rocket_Launcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinaka Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher">Pinaka</a> <a href="/wiki/Multiple_rocket_launcher" title="Multiple rocket launcher">multiple rocket launcher</a>. The system has a maximum range of 39–40 kilometres (24–25 mi) and can fire a <a href="/wiki/Salvo" title="Salvo">salvo</a> of 12 <a href="/wiki/Explosive_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosive material">HE</a> rockets in 44 seconds, neutralising a target area of 3.9 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi). The system is mounted on a <a href="/wiki/Tatra_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatra cars">Tatra</a> truck for mobility. Pinaka saw service during the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a>,<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> where it was successful in neutralising enemy positions on the mountain tops. It has since been inducted into the Indian Army in large numbers.<a href="#cite_note-st22a13-152">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-jj25m13-153">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Infantry">Infantry</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Army_personnel_with_a_Mod._Ak_rifle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Indian_Army_personnel_with_a_Mod._Ak_rifle.jpg/250px-Indian_Army_personnel_with_a_Mod._Ak_rifle.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Indian_Army_personnel_with_a_Mod._Ak_rifle.jpg/375px-Indian_Army_personnel_with_a_Mod._Ak_rifle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Indian_Army_personnel_with_a_Mod._Ak_rifle.jpg/500px-Indian_Army_personnel_with_a_Mod._Ak_rifle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3521" data-file-height="2002" /></a><figcaption>Indian Army soldier from <a href="/wiki/XVI_Corps_(India)" title="XVI Corps (India)">White Knight Corps</a>, 2021.</figcaption></figure> The Indian Army has also embarked on an infantry modernisation programme known as Futuristic Infantry Soldier As a System (<a href="/wiki/F-INSAS" title="F-INSAS">F-INSAS</a>). The infantry soldiers will be equipped with modular weapon systems that will have multiple functions. The core systems include bullet proof helmet and visor. The bullet proof helmet is an integrated assembly equipped with helmet mounted flashlight, thermal sensors and night vision device, miniature computer with audio headsets. The personal clothing of the soldier of the future would be lightweight with a bullet-proof jacket. The futuristic jacket would be waterproof, yet it would be able to breathe. The new attire will enable the troops to carry extra loads and resist the impact of nuclear, chemical and biological warfare. The new uniform will have vests with sensors to monitor the soldier's health parameters and to provide quick medical relief. The weapons sub-system is built around a multi-calibre individual weapon system with the fourth calibre attached to a grenade launcher. These include a 5.56 mm, a 7.62 mm and a new 6.8 mm under development for the first time in India.<a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> In November 2013, the Indian Army moved a step closer to the battlefield of the future, where command networks know the precise location of every soldier and weapon, with whom generals can exchange reports, photos, data and verbal and written communications. Army headquarters called in 14 Indian companies and issued them an expression of interest (EoI) for developing a Battlefield Management System (BMS). The BMS will integrate combat units – armoured, artillery and infantry regiments, infantry battalions, helicopter flights, etc. – into a digital network that will link together all components of the future battlefield. While precise costs are still unclear, vendors competing for the contract say the army expects to pay about Rs 40,000 crore for developing and manufacturing the BMS.<a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a> However, in 2015, the Indian Army decided to replace the F-INSAS program in favour of two separate projects. The new program will have two components: one arming the modern infantry soldier with the best available assault rifle, carbines and personal equipment such as the helmet and bulletproof vests, the second part is the Battlefield Management Systems (BMS).<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indian_Navy">Indian Navy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a></div> The Indian Navy is the <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">naval branch</a> of the Indian armed forces. With more than 142,000 personnel in total, including 7,000 personnel of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Air_Arm" title="Indian Naval Air Arm">Indian Naval Air Arm</a>, 1,200 <a href="/wiki/MARCOS_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="MARCOS (India)">Marine Commandos (MARCOS)</a> and 1,000 personnel of the <a href="/wiki/Sagar_Prahari_Bal" title="Sagar Prahari Bal">Sagar Prahari Bal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TOI28089355-157">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> The Indian Navy is one of the world's largest naval forces and developed into a <a href="/wiki/Blue-water_navy" title="Blue-water navy">blue water navy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ladwig-160">[157]</a> The Indian Navy has a large operational fleet of total 294 vessels consisting of 2 <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carriers" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft carriers">aircraft carriers</a>, 1 <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_transport_dock" title="Amphibious transport dock">amphibious transport dock</a>, 9 Landing ship tanks, 12 <a href="/wiki/Destroyers" class="mw-redirect" title="Destroyers">destroyers</a>, 12 <a href="/wiki/Frigates" class="mw-redirect" title="Frigates">frigates</a>, 1 <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_attack_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear attack submarine">nuclear-powered attack submarine</a>, 17 conventionally-powered <a href="/wiki/Attack_submarines" class="mw-redirect" title="Attack submarines">attack submarines</a>, 18 <a href="/wiki/Corvettes" class="mw-redirect" title="Corvettes">corvettes</a>, 6 <a href="/wiki/Mine_countermeasure_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mine countermeasure vessel">mine countermeasure vessels</a>, 4 <a href="/wiki/Fleet_tanker" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet tanker">fleet tankers</a> and 137 patrol vessels. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ships">Ships</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Navy_ships" title="List of active Indian Navy ships">List of active Indian Navy ships</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INS_Vikramaditya_-_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/INS_Vikramaditya_-_02.jpg/270px-INS_Vikramaditya_-_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/INS_Vikramaditya_-_02.jpg/405px-INS_Vikramaditya_-_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/INS_Vikramaditya_-_02.jpg/540px-INS_Vikramaditya_-_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="618" /></a><figcaption>Indian Navy ships in transit led by aircraft carriers <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikramaditya" title="INS Vikramaditya">INS Vikramaditya</a> & <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(2013)" title="INS Vikrant (2013)">INS Vikrant (2013)</a></figcaption></figure> The Indian navy operates two aircraft carriers- the first is the <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikramaditya" title="INS Vikramaditya">INS Vikramaditya</a>, a modified <a href="/wiki/Kiev-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Kiev-class aircraft carrier">Kiev-class</a> ship,<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a> and the indigenous <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(2013)" title="INS Vikrant (2013)">INS Vikrant (2013)</a>. The navy also operates one <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam-class_destroyer" title="Visakhapatnam-class destroyer">Visakhapatnam-class</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Kolkata-class_destroyer" title="Kolkata-class destroyer">Kolkata-class</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Delhi-class_destroyer" title="Delhi-class destroyer">Delhi-class</a> and three <a href="/wiki/Rajput-class_destroyer" title="Rajput-class destroyer">Rajput-class</a> guided-missile destroyers. The Rajput-class destroyers will be replaced in the near future by the next-generation <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam-class_destroyer" title="Visakhapatnam-class destroyer">Visakhapatnam class</a> (Project 15B destroyers). In addition to destroyers, the navy operates several classes of frigates such as three <a href="/wiki/Shivalik-class_frigate" title="Shivalik-class frigate">Shivalik</a> (Project 17 class) and six <a href="/wiki/Talwar-class_frigate" title="Talwar-class frigate">Talwar-class</a> frigates. Seven additional <a href="/wiki/Nilgiri-class_frigate_(2019)" title="Nilgiri-class frigate (2019)">Nilgiri-class</a> (Project 17A-class) frigates are on order. The older <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra-class_frigate" title="Brahmaputra-class frigate">Brahmaputra-class</a> frigates will be replaced systematically one by one as the new classes of frigates are brought into service over the next decade. Smaller littoral zone combatants in service are in the form of corvettes, of which, the Indian Navy operates the <a href="/wiki/Kamorta-class_corvette" title="Kamorta-class corvette">Kamorta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kora-class_corvette" title="Kora-class corvette">Kora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khukri-class_corvette" title="Khukri-class corvette">Khukri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veer-class_corvette" title="Veer-class corvette">Veer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abhay-class_corvette" title="Abhay-class corvette">Abhay</a> classes. Replenishment tankers such as the Jyoti-class tanker, the <a href="/wiki/Aditya-class_auxiliary_ship" title="Aditya-class auxiliary ship">Aditya class</a> and the new <a href="/wiki/Deepak-class_fleet_tanker" title="Deepak-class fleet tanker">Deepak-class</a> fleet tankers help improve the navy's endurance at sea. These tankers will be the mainstay of the replenishment fleet until the first half of the 21st century. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Submarines">Submarines</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Navy%27s_TROPEX-2014_(6).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Indian_Navy%27s_TROPEX-2014_%286%29.JPG/269px-Indian_Navy%27s_TROPEX-2014_%286%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="269" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Indian_Navy%27s_TROPEX-2014_%286%29.JPG/404px-Indian_Navy%27s_TROPEX-2014_%286%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Indian_Navy%27s_TROPEX-2014_%286%29.JPG/538px-Indian_Navy%27s_TROPEX-2014_%286%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Russian_submarine_Nerpa_(K-152)" title="Russian submarine Nerpa (K-152)">INS Chakra</a> is India's nuclear-powered <a href="/wiki/Attack_submarine" title="Attack submarine">attack submarine</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Indian Navy operates a sizeable fleet of <a href="/wiki/Sindhughosh-class_submarine" title="Sindhughosh-class submarine">Sindhughosh</a> (Russian <a href="/wiki/Kilo-class_submarine" title="Kilo-class submarine">Kilo-class</a> design) and <a href="/wiki/Shishumar-class_submarine" title="Shishumar-class submarine">Shishumar</a> (German Type 209/1500 design)-class submarines. A nuclear-powered attack submarine <a href="/wiki/Russian_submarine_Nerpa_(K-152)" title="Russian submarine Nerpa (K-152)">INS Chakra</a> has been leased from Russia. India is completing the construction of six <a href="/wiki/Scorp%C3%A8ne-class_submarine" title="Scorpène-class submarine">Scorpène-class</a> submarines at Mazagon Dockyards Limited (MDL), in Mumbai under technology transfer from French firm DCNS. The new submarines feature <a href="/wiki/Air-independent_propulsion" title="Air-independent propulsion">air-independent propulsion</a> and started joining the navy towards the end of 2017; four were in service by the end of 2021. Designed for coastal defence against under-water threats, the 1,750-tonne submarine-submarine-killer (SSK) Scorpène is 67 metres (219 ft 10 in) in length and can dive to a depth of 300 metres (980 ft). According to French naval officials, the submarine can stay at sea for 45 days with a crew of 31.<a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> The standard version has six torpedo tubes and anti-shipping missile launchers. Another ambitious project in this regard is the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear-powered_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear-powered submarine">nuclear-powered</a> <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" title="Ballistic missile submarine">ballistic missile submarine</a> manufacture programme – <a href="/wiki/INS_Arihant" title="INS Arihant">Arihant</a> class. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weapons_systems">Weapons systems</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Weapon_systems_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Weapon systems of the Indian Navy">Weapon systems of the Indian Navy</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmos_imds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Brahmos_imds.jpg/267px-Brahmos_imds.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Brahmos_imds.jpg/401px-Brahmos_imds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Brahmos_imds.jpg/534px-Brahmos_imds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The Indian Navy's <a href="/wiki/BrahMos" title="BrahMos">BrahMos</a> supersonic anti-ship <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">cruise missile</a>.</figcaption></figure> In the category of weapon systems, the Indian Navy operates <a href="/wiki/K_Missile_family" title="K Missile family">K Missile family</a> submarine launched ballistic missiles, the <a href="/wiki/Prithvi-III" class="mw-redirect" title="Prithvi-III">Prithvi-III</a> ballistic ship-launched missile, and a number of land-attack cruise/Anti-ship missiles such as <a href="/wiki/BrahMos" title="BrahMos">BrahMos</a> Supersonic Cruise Missile, <a href="/wiki/3M-54_Klub" class="mw-redirect" title="3M-54 Klub">3M-54E/3M-14E Klub</a> Anti-Ship/Land Attack Cruise Missile (SS-N-27 Sizzler), <a href="/wiki/Kh-35" title="Kh-35">Kh-35</a> (SS-N-25 SwitchBlade), P-20 (SS-N-2D Styx), <a href="/wiki/Sea_Eagle_(missile)" title="Sea Eagle (missile)">Sea Eagle</a> missile and <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_(missile)" title="Gabriel (missile)">Gabriel</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Nirbhay" title="Nirbhay">Nirbhay</a> long-range subsonic cruise missile and <a href="/wiki/BrahMos-II" title="BrahMos-II">BrahMos Hypersonic Cruise Missile</a> are in development. India has also fitted its <a href="/wiki/P-8I" class="mw-redirect" title="P-8I">P-8I</a> Neptune reconnaissance aircraft with all-weather, <a href="/wiki/Active_radar_homing" title="Active radar homing">active-rader-homing</a>, over-the-horizon <a href="/wiki/Harpoon_(missile)" title="Harpoon (missile)">AGM-84L Harpoon Block II Missiles</a> and Mk 54 All-Up-Round Lightweight Torpedoes.<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a> Indian warships' primary air-defence shield is provided by <a href="/wiki/Barak_1_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barak 1 (missile)">Barak-1</a> SAM, while an advanced version <a href="/wiki/Barak-8" class="mw-redirect" title="Barak-8">Barak-8</a>, developed in collaboration with Israel, has entered service.<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> India's next-generation Scorpène-class submarines will be armed with the <a href="/wiki/Exocet" title="Exocet">Exocet</a> anti-ship missile system. Among indigenous missiles, a ship-launched version of <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_(missile)" title="Prithvi (missile)">Prithvi-II</a> is called the <a href="/wiki/Dhanush_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhanush (missile)">Dhanush</a>, which has a range of 350 kilometres (220 mi) and can carry a nuclear warhead.<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naval_Air_Arm">Naval Air Arm</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Air_Arm" title="Indian Naval Air Arm">Indian Naval Air Arm</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy.jpg/264px-Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy.jpg/396px-Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy.jpg/528px-Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>An Indian Navy <a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon">P-8I Neptune</a> anti-submarine warfare aircraft.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Air_Arm" title="Indian Naval Air Arm">Indian Naval Air Arm</a> is a branch of Indian Navy which is tasked to provide an aircraft carrier based strike capability, fleet air defence, maritime reconnaissance, and anti-submarine warfare. Flag Officer Naval Aviation (FONA) at Goa directs the field operations of the air arm. Naval Air Arm operates eight <a href="/wiki/Tu-142" class="mw-redirect" title="Tu-142">Tu-142</a> aircraft, which entered service in 1988. Upgrading of the aircraft is taking place, which helps to extend the service life of the aircraft by sixteen years. The <a href="/wiki/BAE_Sea_Harrier" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Sea Harrier">BAE Sea Harrier</a> operates from the INS Viraat. The BAE Sea Harrier FRS Mk.51 / T Mk.60 fly with the <a href="/wiki/INAS_300" title="INAS 300">INAS 300</a> and <a href="/wiki/INAS_552" title="INAS 552">INAS 552</a> squadrons of the Indian Navy. The <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29K" title="Mikoyan MiG-29K">Mikoyan MiG-29K</a> will be deployed aboard INS Vikramaditya. The Indian Navy operates five <a href="/wiki/Il-38" class="mw-redirect" title="Il-38">Il-38</a> planes. They are being upgraded to use Sea Dragon suite. Used principally for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and search and rescue roles, the helicopter fleet of <a href="/wiki/Westland_Sea_King" title="Westland Sea King">Westland Sea King</a> and the Sikorsky <a href="/wiki/SH-3_Sea_King" class="mw-redirect" title="SH-3 Sea King">SH-3 Sea King</a> operate from <a href="/wiki/INS_Garuda" title="INS Garuda">INS Garuda</a> (Kochi) as well as INS Kunjali-II (Mumbai) air stations.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] 56 more naval utility helicopters are planned to be inducted from 2016. These will be used for surveillance, anti-submarine warfare, electronic intelligence gathering and search and rescue operations. The helicopters will be equipped with 70 mm rocket launchers, 12.7 mm guns, lightweight torpedoes and depth charges.<a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a> The Indian Navy will also continue to procure <a href="/wiki/HAL_Dhruv" title="HAL Dhruv">HAL Dhruv</a> as a multi-role utility platform. In the long-range maritime reconnaissance (LRMR) role, the navy uses Boeing <a href="/wiki/P-8_Poseidon" class="mw-redirect" title="P-8 Poseidon">P-8I Neptune</a> and has issued a global tender for nine medium-range maritime reconnaissance (MRMR) aircraft for coastal defence.<a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defence_satellite">Defence satellite</h3></div> India's first exclusive defence satellite <a href="/wiki/GSAT-7" title="GSAT-7">GSAT-7</a> was successfully launched by European space consortium Arianespace's Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou spaceport in <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> in August 2013, giving a major push to the country's maritime security. The Indian Navy is the user of the multi-band, home-built communication spacecraft, which is operational. GSAT-7 was designed and developed by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</a> (ISRO) and is expected to operate for seven years in its orbital slot at 74 degrees east, providing <a href="/wiki/UHF" class="mw-redirect" title="UHF">UHF</a>, <a href="/wiki/S-band" class="mw-redirect" title="S-band">S-band</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_band_(IEEE)" title="C band (IEEE)">C-band</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ku-band" class="mw-redirect" title="Ku-band">Ku-band</a> relay capacity. Its Ku-band capacity is expected to provide high-density data transmission facility both for voice and video. This satellite has been provided with additional power to communicate with smaller and mobile (not necessarily land-based) terminals. This dedicated satellite is expected to provide the Indian navy with an approximately 3,500–4,000 kilometres (2,200–2,500 mi) footprint over the Indian Ocean region, and over both the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal region and enable real-time networking of all its operational assets in the water (and land). It also will help the navy to operate in a network-centric atmosphere.<a href="#cite_note-168">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exercises">Exercises</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ships_from_the_Indian_Navy,_Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force_and_the_United_States_Navy_sail_in_formation_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal_during_exercise_Malabar_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ships_from_the_Indian_Navy%2C_Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force_and_the_United_States_Navy_sail_in_formation_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal_during_exercise_Malabar_2017.jpg/253px-Ships_from_the_Indian_Navy%2C_Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force_and_the_United_States_Navy_sail_in_formation_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal_during_exercise_Malabar_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="253" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ships_from_the_Indian_Navy%2C_Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force_and_the_United_States_Navy_sail_in_formation_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal_during_exercise_Malabar_2017.jpg/380px-Ships_from_the_Indian_Navy%2C_Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force_and_the_United_States_Navy_sail_in_formation_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal_during_exercise_Malabar_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ships_from_the_Indian_Navy%2C_Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force_and_the_United_States_Navy_sail_in_formation_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal_during_exercise_Malabar_2017.jpg/506px-Ships_from_the_Indian_Navy%2C_Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force_and_the_United_States_Navy_sail_in_formation_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal_during_exercise_Malabar_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4369" data-file-height="3121" /></a><figcaption>Ships from the Indian navy, Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, and United States Navy during <a href="/wiki/Malabar_(naval_exercise)" title="Malabar (naval exercise)">exercise Malabar 2017</a>.</figcaption></figure> India often conducts naval exercises with other friendly countries designed to increase naval interoperability and also to strengthen cooperative security relationships. Some exercises take place annually like: the Varuna with the French Navy, Konkan with the Royal Navy, Indra with Russian Navy, <a href="/wiki/Exercise_Malabar" class="mw-redirect" title="Exercise Malabar">Malabar</a> with the US and Japan navies, Simbex with the Republic of Singapore Navy and <a href="/wiki/IBSAMAR" title="IBSAMAR">IBSAMAR</a> with the Brasil and South African navies. In 2007, Indian Navy conducted naval exercise with the Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force and the U.S. Navy in the Pacific and also signed an agreement with Japan in October 2008 for joint naval patrolling in the Asia-Pacific region. India has also held naval exercise with Vietnam, the Philippines and New Zealand. In 2007, India and South Korea decided to conduct annual naval exercises and India participated in the South Korean international fleet review. In addition, the Indian Navy will also be increasing naval co-operation with other allies, particularly with Germany, and Arab states of the Persian Gulf including Kuwait, Oman,<a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a> Bahrain and Saudi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a> Indian Navy also took part in the world's largest naval exercise/war-game <a href="/wiki/Exercise_RIMPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="Exercise RIMPAC">RIMPAC 2014</a> along with 22 other nations<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> and has since taken part in RIMPAC each year. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modernisation_2">Modernisation</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IAC-1_Vikrant_going_for_its_maiden_sea_trials.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/IAC-1_Vikrant_going_for_its_maiden_sea_trials.jpg/252px-IAC-1_Vikrant_going_for_its_maiden_sea_trials.jpg" decoding="async" width="252" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/IAC-1_Vikrant_going_for_its_maiden_sea_trials.jpg/378px-IAC-1_Vikrant_going_for_its_maiden_sea_trials.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/IAC-1_Vikrant_going_for_its_maiden_sea_trials.jpg/504px-IAC-1_Vikrant_going_for_its_maiden_sea_trials.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(2013)" title="INS Vikrant (2013)">INS Vikrant</a> is the Indian Navy's first indigenous aircraft carrier, shown here during its maiden sea trials, August 2021.</figcaption></figure> In recent years, the Indian Navy has undergone <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy#Ongoing_expansion" title="Indian Navy">modernisation and expansion</a> with the intention of countering growing Chinese maritime power in the Indian Ocean and reaching the status of a recognised <a href="/wiki/Blue-water_navy" title="Blue-water navy">blue-water navy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a> New equipment programmes include: the lease of a nuclear-powered submarine INS Chakra from Russia, the ex-Soviet carrier <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikramaditya" title="INS Vikramaditya">INS Vikramaditya</a> and the first of the indigenously built <a href="/wiki/INS_Arihant" title="INS Arihant">Arihant-class</a> ballistic missile submarines by 2016, the first of the Scorpène-class submarines by 2016 and the indigenously built aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/Vikrant-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Vikrant-class aircraft carrier">INS Vikrant</a> by 2018. The plan in the near future is to have two aircraft carriers at sea at all times, with a third docked up in maintenance.<a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a> Other programmes include the Talwar and Shivalik frigates and the Kolkata-class destroyers, all of which will be equipped with the <a href="/wiki/BrahMos" title="BrahMos">BrahMos</a> cruise missile. In a significant step towards India's pursuit for self-reliance in indigenous warship building, four anti-submarine Kamorta-class stealth corvettes with features such as an <a href="/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)#Hull_shapes" title="Hull (watercraft)">X Form Hull</a> and inclined sides for low <a href="/wiki/Radar_cross-section" class="mw-redirect" title="Radar cross-section">radar cross-section</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrared_signature" title="Infrared signature">infra-red suppression</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_quieting" title="Acoustic quieting">acoustic quieting</a> systems are being built for the Indian Navy.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Visakhapatnam_(D66)_-_P15B_destroyer_of_Indian_Navy_during_sea_trials.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Visakhapatnam_%28D66%29_-_P15B_destroyer_of_Indian_Navy_during_sea_trials.jpg/250px-Visakhapatnam_%28D66%29_-_P15B_destroyer_of_Indian_Navy_during_sea_trials.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Visakhapatnam_%28D66%29_-_P15B_destroyer_of_Indian_Navy_during_sea_trials.jpg/375px-Visakhapatnam_%28D66%29_-_P15B_destroyer_of_Indian_Navy_during_sea_trials.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Visakhapatnam_%28D66%29_-_P15B_destroyer_of_Indian_Navy_during_sea_trials.jpg/500px-Visakhapatnam_%28D66%29_-_P15B_destroyer_of_Indian_Navy_during_sea_trials.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1211" data-file-height="1025" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guided_missile_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided missile destroyer">Guided missile destroyer</a> <a href="/wiki/INS_Visakhapatnam" title="INS Visakhapatnam">D66</a>.</figcaption></figure> Recent induction of the attack submarine INS Chakra, and the development of INS Arihant, make the Indian Navy one of six navies worldwide capable of building and operating nuclear-powered submarines.<a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a> (Others include: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States.) India also launched a 37,500-ton indigenous aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(2013)" title="INS Vikrant (2013)">INS Vikrant</a> in August 2013 in its bid to join a select group of nations – the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia and France – capable of building such warships. It will undergo extensive tests in the next few years before it is commissioned into the navy. INS Vikrant, is expected to carry <a href="/wiki/MiG-29K" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-29K">MiG 29K</a> fighters and light combat aircraft such as the <a href="/wiki/HAL_Tejas" title="HAL Tejas">HAL Tejas</a>. India is also set to become the first country to buy a military aircraft from Japan since World War II. India is expected to sign a deal for the purchase of six Utility <a href="/wiki/ShinMaywa_US-2" title="ShinMaywa US-2">Seaplane Mark 2 (US-2)</a> amphibian aircraft when Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> visits Japan from 31 August – 3 September 2014. The 47-tonne US-2 aircraft does not require a long airstrip to take off or to land. It is capable of taking off from land and water (300 metres (330 yd)-stretch). It can carry loads of up to 18 tonnes and can be engaged in search and rescue operations. With a range of over 4,500 kilometres (2,800 mi) it can patrol areas 1,800 kilometres (1,100 mi) away and react to an emergency by landing 30 armed troops even in waves as high as 10 feet (3.0 m).<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indian_Air_Force">Indian Air Force</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a></div> The Indian Air Force is the air arm of the Indian armed forces. Its primary responsibility is to secure Indian <a href="/wiki/Airspace" title="Airspace">airspace</a> and to conduct <a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">aerial warfare</a> during a conflict. It was officially established on 8 October 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> and the prefix Royal was added in 1945 in recognition of its services during World War II. After India achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Air_Force" title="Royal Indian Air Force">Royal Indian Air Force</a> served the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Dominion of India</a>, with the prefix being dropped when India became a republic in 1950. The Indian Air Force plays a crucial role in securing Indian airspace and also in India's power projection in South Asia and Indian Ocean. Therefore, modernising and expanding the Indian Air Force is a top priority for the Indian government. Over the years, the IAF has grown from a tactical force to one with transoceanic reach. The strategic reach emerges from induction of Force Multipliers like Flight Refuelling Aircraft (FRA), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and credible strategic lift capabilities. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aircraft">Aircraft</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft" title="List of active Indian military aircraft">List of active Indian military aircraft</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Su-30_MKI_firing_Brahmos-ER.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Su-30_MKI_firing_Brahmos-ER.jpg/220px-Su-30_MKI_firing_Brahmos-ER.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Su-30_MKI_firing_Brahmos-ER.jpg/330px-Su-30_MKI_firing_Brahmos-ER.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Su-30_MKI_firing_Brahmos-ER.jpg/440px-Su-30_MKI_firing_Brahmos-ER.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>IAF <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30MKI" title="Sukhoi Su-30MKI">Sukhoi Su-30MKI</a> firing <a href="/wiki/BrahMos" title="BrahMos">BrahMos</a>-ER</figcaption></figure> Historically, the IAF has generally relied on Soviet, British, Israeli and French military craft and technology to support its growth. IAF's primary air superiority fighter with the additional capability to conduct air-ground (strike) missions is <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30MKI" title="Sukhoi Su-30MKI">Sukhoi Su-30MKI</a>. The IAF have placed an order for a total of 272 Su-30MKIs of which 205 are in service as of May 2015.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESubramaniam2017-177">[174]</a> The Mikoyan <a href="/wiki/MiG-29" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-29">MiG-29</a> is a dedicated air superiority fighter, and constitutes a second line of defence after the Sukhoi Su-30MKI. At present, 66 MiG-29s are in service, all of which are being upgraded to the MiG-29UPG standard. The <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_2000" title="Dassault Mirage 2000">Dassault Mirage 2000</a> is the primary multirole fighter in service and the IAF operates 49 Mirage 2000Hs which are being upgraded to the Mirage 2000-5 MK2 standard. As part of the upgrade, the aircraft will also be equipped with MBDA's <a href="/wiki/MICA_(missile)" title="MICA (missile)">MICA</a> family of medium-range missiles.<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> To give the IAF fighters an edge in anti-ship and land attack roles, a smaller version of <a href="/wiki/BrahMos" title="BrahMos">BrahMos</a> missile is being developed to be integrated in Sukhoi Su-30MKI<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> and is expected to be delivered to IAF by 2015.<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Air_Force_Rafale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Indian_Air_Force_Rafale.jpg/220px-Indian_Air_Force_Rafale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Indian_Air_Force_Rafale.jpg/330px-Indian_Air_Force_Rafale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Indian_Air_Force_Rafale.jpg/440px-Indian_Air_Force_Rafale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3333" /></a><figcaption>IAF <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Rafale" title="Dassault Rafale">Rafale</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux%E2%80%93M%C3%A9rignac_Airport" title="Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport">Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport</a>, 6 February 2020</figcaption></figure> In the aerial refuelling (tanker) role, the IAF operates six <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-78" title="Ilyushin Il-78">Ilyushin Il-78</a>MKIs. For strategic military transport operations the IAF uses the <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-76" title="Ilyushin Il-76">Ilyushin Il-76</a>, and has placed orders for 10 Boeing <a href="/wiki/C-17_Globemaster_III" class="mw-redirect" title="C-17 Globemaster III">C-17 Globemaster III</a>, four of which were <a href="/wiki/C-17_Globemaster_III#Indian_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="C-17 Globemaster III">delivered</a> by November 2013. The <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_C-130J_Super_Hercules" title="Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules">C-130J Super-Hercules</a> planes of the IAF is used by special forces for combined Army-Air Force operations. There are six C-130Js in service and six more are planned to be procured.<a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-32" title="Antonov An-32">Antonov An-32</a> serves as medium transport aircraft in the IAF. As an airborne early warning system, the IAF operates the Israeli EL/W-2090 <a href="/wiki/EL/M-2075" class="mw-redirect" title="EL/M-2075">Phalcon</a> Airborne Early Warning and Control System <a href="/wiki/AEW%26C" class="mw-redirect" title="AEW&C">AEW&C</a>. A total of three such systems are in service, with possible orders for two more.<a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> The <a href="/wiki/DRDO_AEW%26CS" title="DRDO AEW&CS">DRDO AEW&CS</a> is a project of India's DRDO to develop an AEW&C system for the Indian Air Force. The DRDO AEWACS programme aims to deliver three radar-equipped surveillance aircraft to the Indian Air Force. The aircraft platform selected was the <a href="/wiki/Embraer_ERJ_145_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Embraer ERJ 145 family">Embraer ERJ 145</a>. Three ERJ 145 were procured from Embraer at a cost of US$300 Million, including the contracted modifications to the airframe. Probable delivery date for the first batch of three is 2015.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Network-centric_warfare">Network-centric warfare</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DrdoNetra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/DrdoNetra.jpg/251px-DrdoNetra.jpg" decoding="async" width="251" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/DrdoNetra.jpg/377px-DrdoNetra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/DrdoNetra.jpg/502px-DrdoNetra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1340" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/DRDO_AEW%26CS" title="DRDO AEW&CS">DRDO AEW&CS</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Indian Air Force (IAF) made progress towards becoming a truly network-centric air force with the integration of <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Network" title="Air Force Network">Air Force Network</a> (AFNET), a reliable and robust digital information grid that enables accurate and faster response to enemy threats, in 2010.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The modern, state-of-the-art AFNET is a fully secure communication network, providing IAF a critical link among its command and control centre, sensors such as the Airborne Early Warning and Control Systems, and attack platforms such as fighter aircraft and missile launchers. Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS), an automated command and control system for Air Defence (AD) operations will ride the AFNet backbone integrating all ground-based and airborne sensors, AD weapon systems and C2 nodes. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C-130_J.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/C-130_J.jpg/252px-C-130_J.jpg" decoding="async" width="252" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/C-130_J.jpg/378px-C-130_J.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/C-130_J.jpg/504px-C-130_J.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4268" data-file-height="2692" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_C-130J_Super_Hercules" title="Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules">C-130 J</a> tactical transport aircraft.</figcaption></figure> Subsequent integration with other services networks and civil radars will provide an integrated Air Situation Picture to operators to carry out Air Defence role. AFNet will prove to be an effective <a href="/wiki/Force_multiplier" class="mw-redirect" title="Force multiplier">force multiplier</a> for intelligence analysis, mission planning and control, post-mission feedback and related activities like maintenance, logistics and administration. A comprehensive design with multi-layer security precautions for "Defence in Depth" have been planned by incorporating encryption technologies, Intrusion Prevention Systems to ensure the resistance of the IT system against information manipulation and eavesdropping.<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a> In October 2013, IAF launched its own stand-alone ₹3 Billion (US$34 Million) cellular network, through which secure video calling and other information exchange facilities will be provided. The IAF also plans to issue around one hundred thousand mobile handsets to its personnel of the rank of sergeant and above to connect and provide secure 'end-point' connectivity to airborne forces deployed across the country. The captive network has been named 'Air Force Cellular'. While Phase I of the project will ensure mobile connectivity to all air combat units in the <a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)" title="National Capital Region (India)">National Capital Region</a>, its Phase II will cover the rest of the bases.<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modernisation_3">Modernisation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="Future of the Indian Air Force">Future of the Indian Air Force</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Indian_MRCA_competition" title="Indian MRCA competition">Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA) competition</a>, also known as the MRCA tender, was a competition to supply 126 multi-role combat aircraft to the Indian Air Force (IAF). The Defence Ministry has allocated ~ US$13 billion for the purchase of these aircraft, making it India's single largest defence deal.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> On 31 January 2012, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Rafale" title="Dassault Rafale">Dassault Rafale</a> won the competition due to its lower life-cycle cost. However the tender was cancelled in July 2015.<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> The Indian Air Force (IAF) is also in the final stages of acquiring 22 <a href="/wiki/AH-64_Apache" class="mw-redirect" title="AH-64 Apache">Apache Longbow gunships</a>, armed with <a href="/wiki/Hellfire_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellfire missile">Hellfire</a> and Stinger missiles in a $1.2 billion contract and 15 heavy-lift <a href="/wiki/Chinook_helicopter" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinook helicopter">Boeing CH Chinook helicopters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-economictimes.indiatimes.com-188">[185]</a> The IAF has initiated the process for acquisition of additional <a href="/wiki/Mi-17" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi-17">Mi-17</a> IV helicopters, heavy lift helicopters, Advanced Light Helicopter and Light Combat Helicopters. Among trainer aircraft, the <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Hawk" title="BAE Systems Hawk">Hawk Advanced Jet Trainer</a> has been inducted and the <a href="/wiki/HAL_HJT-36_Sitara" title="HAL HJT-36 Sitara">Intermediate Jet Trainer</a> (IJT) would be acquired in the near future. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm/220px--HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="7" data-mwtitle="HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm/HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm/HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm/HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm/HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm/HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm/HAL_Tejas_LSP7_during_a_maiden_firing_of_Astra_Mk1_missile.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HAL_Tejas" title="HAL Tejas">HAL Tejas</a> firing <a href="/wiki/Astra_(missile)" title="Astra (missile)">Astra (missile)</a></figcaption></figure> In recent times, India has also manufactured its own aircraft such as the HAL Tejas, a 4th generation fighter, and the HAL Dhruv, a <a href="/wiki/Utility_helicopter" title="Utility helicopter">multi-role</a> helicopter, which has been exported to several countries, including Israel, Burma, Nepal and Ecuador. A weaponised version of Dhruv is called the HAL Rudra, which is armed with high-velocity M621 20 mm cannon, long-range 70 mm rockets (8 km), air-to-air missiles (Mistral-II), and MAWS (missile approach warning system).<a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Combat in Kargil</a> highlighted the requirement of an attack helicopter specially made for such high-altitude operations. The <a href="/wiki/HAL_Light_Combat_Helicopter" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Light Combat Helicopter">HAL Light Combat Helicopter</a> (LCH) is a multi-role combat helicopter being developed in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for use by the Indian Air Force and the Indian Army. The LCH is being designed to fit into an anti-infantry and anti-armour role and will be able to operate at high altitudes.<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a> LCH will be fitted with indigenous anti-tank missile <a href="/wiki/Nag_(missile)" title="Nag (missile)">Helina</a>. India also maintains <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">unmanned aerial vehicle</a> (UAV) squadrons (primarily <a href="/wiki/IAI_Searcher" title="IAI Searcher">Searcher-II</a> and <a href="/wiki/IAI_Heron" title="IAI Heron">Heron</a> from Israel) which can be used to carry out ground and aerial surveillance.<a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a> India is also testing its own long-range <a href="/wiki/Beyond_Visual_Range_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Beyond Visual Range missile">Beyond Visual Range missile</a>| (BVR) an air-to-air missile named <a href="/wiki/Astra_Missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Astra Missile">Astra</a>,<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> and also building a Medium Altitude Long Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) called <a href="/wiki/DRDO_Rustom" title="DRDO Rustom">Rustom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a> India is also in an ambitious collaboration programme with Russia to build <a href="/wiki/Fifth-generation_jet_fighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth-generation jet fighter">fifth-generation</a> fighter aircraft, called <a href="/wiki/FGFA" class="mw-redirect" title="FGFA">HAL/Sukhoi FGFA</a> which will be based on the Russian <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-57" title="Sukhoi Su-57">Sukhoi Su-57</a> fighter. Earlier in 2013, the two sides completed the preliminary design of the FGFA and are now negotiating a detailed design contract.<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> Although there is no reliable information about the Su-57 and FGFA specifications yet, it is known from interviews with individuals in the Russian Air Force that it will be <a href="/wiki/Stealth_aircraft" title="Stealth aircraft">stealthy</a>, have the ability to <a href="/wiki/Supercruise" title="Supercruise">supercruise</a>, be outfitted with the next generation of air-to-air, air-to-surface, and air-to-ship missiles, and incorporate an <a href="/wiki/AESA_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="AESA radar">AESA radar</a>. Joint co-development and co-production of <a href="/wiki/UAC/HAL_Il-214" class="mw-redirect" title="UAC/HAL Il-214">Multi-role Transport Aircraft</a> (MTA), by Russian partners and HAL, is being launched to meet the requirements of the Russian and Indian Air Forces. The aircraft will be designed for the roles of a 15–20 ton cargo / troop transport, paratrooping / airdrop of supplies including Low Altitude Parachute Extraction System (LAPES) capability. It will be configured such that all types of cargo can be transported, and the aircraft would be capable of operating from semi-prepared runways. The MTA is expected to replace the Indian Air Force's ageing fleet of <a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-32" title="Antonov An-32">Antonov An-32</a> transport aircraft. The aircraft is expected to conduct its first flight by 2017, and to enter service by 2018.<a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] To protect IAF assets on the ground, there has been a search for short-range surface-to-air missile. India has begun deploying six <a href="/wiki/Akash_(missile)" title="Akash (missile)">Akash</a> surface-to-air missile (SAM) squadrons in the northeast to deter Chinese jets, helicopters and drones against any misadventure in the region. The IAF has started taking delivery of the six Akash missile squadrons, which can "neutralise" multiple targets at a 25 kilometres (16 mi) interception range in all weather conditions, earmarked for the eastern theatre. The IAF has already deployed the first two Akash squadrons at the Mirage-2000 base in Gwalior and the Sukhoi base in Pune.<a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indian_Coast_Guard">Indian Coast Guard</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Coast_Guard_Chetak_Helicopter_picking_up_survivors_from_water_during_a_mock_drill_during_SAREX_2014_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Indian_Coast_Guard_Chetak_Helicopter_picking_up_survivors_from_water_during_a_mock_drill_during_SAREX_2014_%282%29.jpg/300px-Indian_Coast_Guard_Chetak_Helicopter_picking_up_survivors_from_water_during_a_mock_drill_during_SAREX_2014_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Indian_Coast_Guard_Chetak_Helicopter_picking_up_survivors_from_water_during_a_mock_drill_during_SAREX_2014_%282%29.jpg/450px-Indian_Coast_Guard_Chetak_Helicopter_picking_up_survivors_from_water_during_a_mock_drill_during_SAREX_2014_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Indian_Coast_Guard_Chetak_Helicopter_picking_up_survivors_from_water_during_a_mock_drill_during_SAREX_2014_%282%29.jpg/600px-Indian_Coast_Guard_Chetak_Helicopter_picking_up_survivors_from_water_during_a_mock_drill_during_SAREX_2014_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a> (ICG) helicopter takes a survivor to an ICG ship during a mock drill.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a></div> The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) protects India's maritime interests and enforces maritime law, with jurisdiction over the territorial waters of India, including its contiguous zone and <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a>. The Indian Coast Guard was formally established on 18 August 1978 by the Coast Guard Act, 1978 of the Parliament of India as an independent Armed force of India. It operates under the Ministry of Defence.<a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a> The Coast Guard works in close co-operation with the Indian Navy, the Department of Fisheries, the Department of Revenue (Customs) and the Central and State police forces. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Central_Armed_Police_Forces">Central Armed Police Forces</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Central_Armed_Police_Forces" title="Central Armed Police Forces">Central Armed Police Forces</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Indian_CRPF_QRT_operator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/A_Indian_CRPF_QRT_operator.jpg/200px-A_Indian_CRPF_QRT_operator.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/A_Indian_CRPF_QRT_operator.jpg/300px-A_Indian_CRPF_QRT_operator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/A_Indian_CRPF_QRT_operator.jpg/400px-A_Indian_CRPF_QRT_operator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">CRPF</a> QRT operator in full loadout</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Senior_CoBRA_Force_Officer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/A_Senior_CoBRA_Force_Officer.jpg/200px-A_Senior_CoBRA_Force_Officer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/A_Senior_CoBRA_Force_Officer.jpg/300px-A_Senior_CoBRA_Force_Officer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/A_Senior_CoBRA_Force_Officer.jpg/400px-A_Senior_CoBRA_Force_Officer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="1033" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">CRPF</a> commando with the <a href="/wiki/IWI_Tavor_X95" title="IWI Tavor X95">IWI Tavor X95</a>.</figcaption></figure> The following are the seven paramilitary police forces termed as <a href="/wiki/Central_Armed_Police_Forces" title="Central Armed Police Forces">Central Armed Police Forces</a> (CAPFs).<a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> These forces were earlier referred to as the "central paramilitary forces". In 2011, the nomenclature CAPF was adopted to refer them.<a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assam_Rifles">Assam Rifles</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Assam_Rifles" title="Assam Rifles">Assam Rifles</a></div> The Assam Rifles trace their lineage to a <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> police force that was formed under the British in 1835 called Cachar Levy. Since then the Assam Rifles have undergone a number of name changes before the name Assam Rifles was finally adopted in 1917.<a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a> Over the course of its history, the Assam Rifles, and its predecessor units, have served in a number of roles, conflicts and theatres including World War I where they served in Europe and the Middle East, and World War II where they served mainly in Burma. In the post-World War II period, the Assam Rifles have expanded greatly as has their role. There are currently 46 battalions<a href="#cite_note-History-203">[200]</a> of Assam Rifles under the control of the Indian <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a> (MHA). They perform many roles including: the provision of internal security under the control of the army through the conduct of counter insurgency and border security operations, provision of aid to the civil power in times of emergency, and the provision of communications, medical assistance and education in remote areas.<a href="#cite_note-Sharma-204">[201]</a> In times of war they can also be used as a combat force to secure rear areas if needed. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Reserve_Police_Force">Central Reserve Police Force</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force</a></div> Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) is the largest of the CAPFs with 325,000 personnel in 246 <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> The CRPF includes the <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Action_Force" title="Rapid Action Force">Rapid Action Force</a> (RAF), a 15 battalion anti-riot force trained to respond to sectarian violence, and the <a href="/wiki/Commando_Battalion_for_Resolute_Action" title="Commando Battalion for Resolute Action">Commando Battalion for Resolute Action</a> (COBRA), a 10 battalion strong anti-<a href="/wiki/Naxalite" class="mw-redirect" title="Naxalite">Naxalite</a> force.<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Border_Security_Force">Border Security Force</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Force" title="Border Security Force">Border Security Force</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_personnel_of_India%27s_Border_Security_Force.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Women_personnel_of_India%27s_Border_Security_Force.jpg/213px-Women_personnel_of_India%27s_Border_Security_Force.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Women_personnel_of_India%27s_Border_Security_Force.jpg/320px-Women_personnel_of_India%27s_Border_Security_Force.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Women_personnel_of_India%27s_Border_Security_Force.jpg/426px-Women_personnel_of_India%27s_Border_Security_Force.jpg 2x" data-file-width="659" data-file-height="845" /></a><figcaption>Women personnel of <a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Force" title="Border Security Force">Border Security Force</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wagah-Attari_border_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagah-Attari border ceremony">Attari-Wagah border</a>.</figcaption></figure> The primary role of the Border Security Force (BSF) is to guard the land borders of the country, except the mountains. The sanctioned strength is 265,277 personnel in 193 battalions,<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-213">[210]</a> and is headed by an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">Indian Police Service</a> officer. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police">Indo-Tibetan Border Police</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police" title="Indo-Tibetan Border Police">Indo-Tibetan Border Police</a></div> The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) is deployed for guard duties on the border with China from Karakoram Pass in Ladakh to Diphu La in Arunachal Pradesh covering a total distance of 2,488 kilometres (1,546 mi).<a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a> It has 90,000 personnel in 60 battalions.<a href="#cite_note-hindustantimes1-215">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sashastra_Seema_Bal">Sashastra Seema Bal</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sashastra_Seema_Bal" title="Sashastra Seema Bal">Sashastra Seema Bal</a></div> The objective of the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) is to guard the Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan Borders. As of 2019, it has 94,261 active personnel in 73 battalions and a strength of 98,965 is sanctioned.<a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Industrial_Security_Force">Central Industrial Security Force</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Central_Industrial_Security_Force" title="Central Industrial Security Force">Central Industrial Security Force</a></div> One of the largest industrial security forces in the world, the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) provides security to various <a href="/wiki/Public_sector_undertakings_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Public sector undertakings in India">public sector companies</a> (PSUs) and other critical infrastructure installations across the country, such as airports. It has a total strength of about 144,418 personnel in 132 battalions.<a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-213">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Security_Guard">National Security Guard</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Guard" title="National Security Guard">National Security Guard</a> (NSG) is an elite counter-terrorist and rapid response force. Its roles include conducting anti-sabotage checks, rescuing hostages, neutralising terrorist threats to vital installations, engaging terrorists, responding to hijacking and piracy and protecting VIPs. It has 8636 personnel (including 1086 personnel for regional hubs.<a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a>). The NSG also includes the Special Ranger Group (SRG), whose 3,000 personnel provide protection to India's VVIPs.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_nsg_operator_during_2021_Republic_Day_parade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Indian_nsg_operator_during_2021_Republic_Day_parade.jpg/303px-Indian_nsg_operator_during_2021_Republic_Day_parade.jpg" decoding="async" width="303" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Indian_nsg_operator_during_2021_Republic_Day_parade.jpg/455px-Indian_nsg_operator_during_2021_Republic_Day_parade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Indian_nsg_operator_during_2021_Republic_Day_parade.jpg/606px-Indian_nsg_operator_during_2021_Republic_Day_parade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1854" data-file-height="1077" /></a><figcaption>NSG operator with <a href="/wiki/SIG_MPX" title="SIG MPX">SIG MPX</a>, <a href="/wiki/M249" class="mw-redirect" title="M249">M249 SAW</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5" title="Heckler & Koch MP5">MP5</a> during Republic Day parade in 2021.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_forces">Other forces</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary forces of India</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Frontier_Force">Special Frontier Force</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Special_Frontier_Force" title="Special Frontier Force">Special Frontier Force</a></div> The Special Frontier Force (SFF) is India's <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> unit. It was initially conceived in the post <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Indian war">Sino-Indian war</a> period as a guerrilla force composed mainly of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a> <a href="/wiki/Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees">refugees</a> whose main goal was to conduct covert operations behind Chinese lines in case of another war between the People's Republic of China and India. Later, its composition and roles were expanded. Based in <a href="/wiki/Chakrata" title="Chakrata">Chakrata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, SFF is also known as the Establishment 22.<a href="#cite_note-222">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> The force is under the direct supervision of the <a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">Research and Analysis Wing</a>, India's external <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agency" title="Intelligence agency">intelligence agency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Protection_Group">Special Protection Group</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Group" title="Special Protection Group">Special Protection Group</a></div> The Special Protection Group (SPG) was formed in 1988 by an act of the Parliament of India to "provide proximate security to the Prime Minister of India and former Prime Minister of India and members of their immediate families (wife, husband, children and parents)". For former Prime Ministers and their dependents, a regular review is held to decide whether the threat to their life is high enough to warrant SPG protection. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway_Protection_Force">Railway Protection Force</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Railway_Protection_Force" title="Railway Protection Force">Railway Protection Force</a></div> The Railway Protection Force (RPF) was established under the Railway Protection Force Act 1957. The RPF is charged with providing security for Indian Railways.<a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a> It has a sanctioned strength of 75,000 personnel.<a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Disaster_Response_Force">National Disaster Response Force</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Disaster_Response_Force" title="National Disaster Response Force">National Disaster Response Force</a></div> The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is a specialised force constituted "for the purpose of specialist response to a threatening disaster situation or disaster". It is manned by persons on deputation from the various <a href="/wiki/Central_Armed_Police_Forces" title="Central Armed Police Forces">Central Armed Police Forces</a>. At present it has 12 battalions, located in different parts of India.<a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a> The control of NDRF lies with the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), which is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a>. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NDRF_Helislithering_Training.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/NDRF_Helislithering_Training.JPG/300px-NDRF_Helislithering_Training.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/NDRF_Helislithering_Training.JPG/450px-NDRF_Helislithering_Training.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/NDRF_Helislithering_Training.JPG/600px-NDRF_Helislithering_Training.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Disaster_Response_Force" title="National Disaster Response Force">NDRF</a> personnel undergoing training</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_Forces">Special Forces</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Forces of India">Special Forces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Special_Operations_Division" title="Armed Forces Special Operations Division">Armed Forces Special Operations Division</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Forces of India">Special Forces of India</a> are Indian military units<a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a> with specialised training in the field of special operations such as" Direct action, <a href="/wiki/Hostage_rescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Hostage rescue">Hostage rescue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">Counter-terrorism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unconventional_warfare" title="Unconventional warfare">Unconventional warfare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special_reconnaissance" title="Special reconnaissance">Special reconnaissance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Internal_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Internal Defence">Foreign Internal Defence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Personnel_recovery" title="Personnel recovery">Personnel recovery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">Asymmetric warfare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Counter-proliferation" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-proliferation">Counter-proliferation</a>. The various branches include, <ul><li>Para (Special Forces): Formed in 1966, the <a href="/wiki/Para_(Indian_Special_Forces)" class="mw-redirect" title="Para (Indian Special Forces)">Para (SF)</a> are the largest and most important part of the Special Forces of India. They are a part of the highly trained <a href="/wiki/Parachute_Regiment_(India)" title="Parachute Regiment (India)">Parachute Regiment</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The main aim of having a Parachute Regiment is for quick deployment of soldiers behind the enemy lines to attack the enemy from behind and destroy their first line of defence. Para (SF) conducted a series of joint exercises with US army special forces called Vajra Prahar.</li> <li>Ghatak Force:<a href="/wiki/Ghatak_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghatak Force">Ghatak Platoon</a>, or Ghatak Commandos, is a special operations capable infantry platoon. There is one platoon in every infantry battalion in the Indian Army. Ghatak is a Hindi word meaning "killer" or "lethal". They act as shock troops and spearhead assaults ahead of the battalion. Their operational role is similar to <a href="/wiki/Scout_Sniper_Platoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout Sniper Platoon">Scout Sniper Platoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/STA_platoon" title="STA platoon">STA platoon</a> of the US Marine Corp and the Patrols platoon of the British Army. A Ghatak Platoon is usually 20-men strong, consisting of a commanding captain, 2 non-commissioned officers and some special teams like marksman and spotter pairs, light machine gunners, a medic, and a radio operator. The remaining soldiers act as assault troopers. Most undergo training at the Commando Training Course in <a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belagavi</a>, Karnataka. Often, other specialised training like heliborne assault, rock climbing, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_warfare" title="Mountain warfare">mountain warfare</a>, demolitions, advanced weapons training, close quarter battle and infantry tactics are also given. Members of the platoon are also sent to the High Altitude Warfare School and Counterinsurgency and Jungle Warfare School.<a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Sankalp_Joint_Operation_by_IN_and_IAF_and_rescue_crew_of_MV_Ruen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Operation_Sankalp_Joint_Operation_by_IN_and_IAF_and_rescue_crew_of_MV_Ruen.jpg/220px-Operation_Sankalp_Joint_Operation_by_IN_and_IAF_and_rescue_crew_of_MV_Ruen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Operation_Sankalp_Joint_Operation_by_IN_and_IAF_and_rescue_crew_of_MV_Ruen.jpg/330px-Operation_Sankalp_Joint_Operation_by_IN_and_IAF_and_rescue_crew_of_MV_Ruen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Operation_Sankalp_Joint_Operation_by_IN_and_IAF_and_rescue_crew_of_MV_Ruen.jpg/440px-Operation_Sankalp_Joint_Operation_by_IN_and_IAF_and_rescue_crew_of_MV_Ruen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption>IAF paradrop Marine Commandos who rescue 17 crew of tanker MV Ruen from pirates as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Sankalp" title="Operation Sankalp">Operation Sankalp</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Marine Commandos (MARCOS): <a href="/wiki/MARCOS" title="MARCOS">Marine Commandos (MARCOS)</a> is an elite special operations unit of the Indian Navy.<a href="#cite_note-230">[227]</a> It is specially organised, trained and equipped for the conduct of special operations in a maritime environment. The force has gradually acquired experience and a reputation for professionalism over the two decades it has been in existence. Now it is one of the finest Special Forces units in the world and among the few units qualified to jump in the water with a full combat load. The MARCOS are capable of undertaking operations in all types of terrain, but are specialised in maritime operations in Jammu and Kashmir through the <a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a> River and <a href="/wiki/Wular" class="mw-redirect" title="Wular">Wular</a> Lake.<a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> To strengthen its capabilities to carry out special operations, the navy is planning to procure advanced Integrated Combat System (ICS) for the MARCOS. The Navy wants the ICS for effective command, control and information sharing to maximise capabilities of individuals and groups of the MARCOS while engaging enemies.<a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] The individual equipment required by the navy in the ICS includes light weight helmets, head-mounted displays, tactical and soft ballistic vests along with communication equipment. The group-level gear requirements include command and control and surveillance systems along with high speed communication equipment.</li> <li>Garud Commando Force: The <a href="/wiki/Garud_Commando_Force" title="Garud Commando Force">Garud Commando Force</a> is the Special Forces unit of the Indian Air Force. It was formed in September 2004 and has a strength of approximately 2000 personnel.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] The unit derives its name from Garuda, a divine bird-like creature of Hindu Mythology. Garud is tasked with the protection of critical Air Force bases and installations; search and rescue during peace and hostilities and disaster relief during calamities.<a href="#cite_note-PIB_Sep_07-233">[230]</a> Garuds are deployed in the Congo as part of the UN peace keeping operations.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nuclear_weapons">Nuclear weapons</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Command_Authority_(India)" title="Nuclear Command Authority (India)">Nuclear Command Authority (India)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Strategic Forces Command">Strategic Forces Command</a>, and <a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">India and weapons of mass destruction</a></div> India has been in possession of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a> since 1974. Its most recent nuclear test took place on 11 May 1998, when <a href="/wiki/Operation_Shakti" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Shakti">Operation Shakti</a> (Pokhran-II) was initiated with the detonation of one <a href="/wiki/Fusion_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusion bomb">fusion</a> and three <a href="/wiki/Fission_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Fission bomb">fission</a> bombs. On 13 May 1998, two additional fission devices were detonated. However, India maintains a "no-first use" and a nuclear deterrence policy against nuclear adversaries. Its nuclear doctrine envisages building a credible minimum deterrent for maintaining a "second strike capability" which would be massive and designed to induce unacceptable damage on the enemy.<a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a> India is one of only four nations in the world to possess a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_triad" title="Nuclear triad">Nuclear triad</a>. India's nuclear missiles include the <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Prithvi missile">Prithvi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Agni_missile_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Agni missile system">Agni</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shaurya_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaurya missile">Shaurya</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sagarika_(missile)" title="Sagarika (missile)">Sagarika</a>, the Dhanush, and others. India conducted its first test with the <a href="/wiki/Agni-V" title="Agni-V">Agni-V</a> in April 2012 and a second test in September 2013. With its 7,000 kilometres (4,300 mi) range, it can carry a nuclear warhead to the east to include all of China, and to the west deep into Europe.<a href="#cite_note-235">[232]</a> Agni-VI, with a perceived range of 10,000–12,000 kilometres (6,200–7,500 mi) is also under development with features like <a href="/wiki/Multiple_independently_targetable_reentry_vehicle" title="Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle">multiple independently targetable re-entry warheads</a> (MIRVs).<a href="#cite_note-236">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[234]</a> India also had bomber aircraft such as the <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-142" title="Tupolev Tu-142">Tupolev Tu-142</a> and well as fighter jets like the <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Rafale" title="Dassault Rafale">Dassault Rafale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30MKI" title="Sukhoi Su-30MKI">Sukhoi Su-30MKI</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_2000" title="Dassault Mirage 2000">Dassault Mirage 2000</a>, the <a href="/wiki/MiG-29" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-29">MiG-29</a> and the <a href="/wiki/HAL_Tejas" title="HAL Tejas">HAL Tejas</a> capable of being armed with nuclear tipped bombs and missiles.<a href="#cite_note-238">[235]</a> Since India does not have a nuclear first use policy against an adversary, it becomes important to protect from a first strike. This protection is being developed in the form of the two layered <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_Programme" title="Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme">Anti-ballistic missile defence</a> system.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] India's <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Nuclear_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic Nuclear Command">Strategic Nuclear Command</a> controls its land-based nuclear warheads, while the navy controls the ship and submarine based missiles and the air force the air-based warheads. India's nuclear warheads are deployed in five areas: <ol><li>Ship based mobile, like the <a href="/wiki/Dhanush_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhanush (missile)">Dhanush</a>. (operational)</li> <li>Land-based mobile, like the <a href="/wiki/Agni_missile_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Agni missile system">Agni</a>. (operational)</li> <li>Fixed underground silos (operational)</li> <li>Submarine based, like the <a href="/wiki/Sagarika_(missile)" title="Sagarika (missile)">Sagarika</a>. (operational)<a href="#cite_note-India_triad-22">[22]</a></li> <li>Air-based warheads of the Indian Air Forces' <a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction#Nuclear-capable_aircraft" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">strategic bomber force</a> like the <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_2000" title="Dassault Mirage 2000">Dassault Mirage 2000</a> and the <a href="/wiki/SEPECAT_Jaguar" title="SEPECAT Jaguar">Jaguar</a> (operational)</li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agni-V_ICBM_MIRVed_test_launch_on_11_March_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Agni-V_ICBM_MIRVed_test_launch_on_11_March_2024.jpg/220px-Agni-V_ICBM_MIRVed_test_launch_on_11_March_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Agni-V_ICBM_MIRVed_test_launch_on_11_March_2024.jpg/330px-Agni-V_ICBM_MIRVed_test_launch_on_11_March_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Agni-V_ICBM_MIRVed_test_launch_on_11_March_2024.jpg/440px-Agni-V_ICBM_MIRVed_test_launch_on_11_March_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="1590" /></a><figcaption>MIRV variant of Agni-V</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="color:#f116;">Land-based nuclear armed ballistic missiles </caption> <tbody><tr style="color:#fff;"> <th style="background:#f93;">Name </th> <th style="background:#f93;">Type </th> <th style="background:#f93;">Range (km) </th> <th style="background:#f93;">Status </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prithvi_(missile)" title="Prithvi (missile)">Prithvi-I</a>  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Short-range_ballistic_missile" title="Short-range ballistic missile">Short-range ballistic missile</a></td> <td>150 </td><td rowspan="8">Deployed</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Prithvi_(missile)" title="Prithvi (missile)">Prithvi-II</a>  </td> <td>Short-range ballistic missile</td> <td>250–350 </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Prithvi_(missile)" title="Prithvi (missile)">Prithvi-III</a>  </td> <td>Short-range ballistic missile</td> <td>350–600 </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Agni-I" title="Agni-I">Agni-I</a></td> <td>Short / <a href="/wiki/Medium-range_ballistic_missile" title="Medium-range ballistic missile">Medium-range ballistic missile</a></td> <td>700–1,250 </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Agni-II" title="Agni-II">Agni-II</a></td> <td>Medium-range ballistic missile</td> <td>2,000–3,000 </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Agni-III" title="Agni-III">Agni-III</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intermediate-range_ballistic_missile" title="Intermediate-range ballistic missile">Intermediate-range ballistic missile</a>  </td> <td>3,500–5,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Agni-IV" title="Agni-IV">Agni-IV</a></td> <td>Intermediate-range ballistic missile</td> <td>4,000  </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Agni-V" title="Agni-V">Agni-V</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">Intercontinental ballistic missile</a> and MIRV</td><td>7,000-8,000</td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Agni-VI" title="Agni-VI">Agni-VI</a></td> <td>Intercontinental ballistic missile and MIRV</td> <td>10,000–12,000 </td><td> Under development </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Surya_missile" title="Surya missile">Surya</a></td> <td>Intercontinental ballistic missile and MIRV</td> <td>12,000–16,000</td> <td>Unconfirmed </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="color:#f116;">Sea-based nuclear armed ballistic missiles </caption> <tbody><tr style="color:#fff;"> <th style="background:#f93;">Name </th> <th style="background:#f93;">Type </th> <th style="background:#f93;">Range (km/mi) </th> <th style="background:#f93;">Status </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prithvi_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Prithvi missile">Dhanush</a></td> <td>Short-range ballistic missile</td> <td>350 km (220 mi)</td> <td>Operational </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sagarika_(missile)" title="Sagarika (missile)">Sagarika (K-15)</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">Submarine-launched ballistic missile</a></td> <td>700 km (430 mi)</td> <td>Operational<a href="#cite_note-India_triad-22">[22]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/K-4_(SLBM)" class="mw-redirect" title="K-4 (SLBM)">K-4</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">Submarine-launched ballistic missile</a></td> <td>4,000</td> <td>Tested<a href="#cite_note-239">[236]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/K-5_(ballistic_missile)" title="K-5 (ballistic missile)">K-5</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">Submarine-launched ballistic missile</a></td> <td>5,000</td> <td>Under Development<a href="#cite_note-240">[237]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/K-6_(missile)" title="K-6 (missile)">K-6</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">Submarine-launched ballistic missile</a></td> <td>6,000</td> <td>Under Development<a href="#cite_note-241">[238]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear-armed_cruise_missiles">Nuclear-armed cruise missiles</h3></div> BrahMos: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BrahMos" title="BrahMos">BrahMos</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BrahMos_fired_from_INS_Chennai_during_TROPEX_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/BrahMos_fired_from_INS_Chennai_during_TROPEX_2017.jpg/300px-BrahMos_fired_from_INS_Chennai_during_TROPEX_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/BrahMos_fired_from_INS_Chennai_during_TROPEX_2017.jpg/450px-BrahMos_fired_from_INS_Chennai_during_TROPEX_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/BrahMos_fired_from_INS_Chennai_during_TROPEX_2017.jpg/600px-BrahMos_fired_from_INS_Chennai_during_TROPEX_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="890" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/INS_Chennai_(D65)" class="mw-redirect" title="INS Chennai (D65)">INS Chennai</a> firing <a href="/wiki/BrahMos_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="BrahMos (missile)">BrahMos (missile)</a>.</figcaption></figure> The BrahMos is a Mach 3 Supersonic Cruise Missile developed in collaboration with Russia. Its land attack and anti-ship variants are in service with the Indian Army and Indian Navy. Sub-Launched and Air Launched variants are under development or testing. <ul><li>BrahMos II</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BrahMos-II" title="BrahMos-II">BrahMos-II</a></div> The BrahMos II is a Mach 7 Hypersonic Cruise Missile being developed in collaboration with Russia. Nirbhay: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nirbhay" title="Nirbhay">Nirbhay</a></div> The Nirbhay is a Long Range Sub-Sonic Cruise Missile. This Missile has a range of over 1,000 kilometres (620 mi).<a href="#cite_note-toi19j-242">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_missiles">Other missiles</h3></div> Akash: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Akash_(missile)" title="Akash (missile)">Akash (missile)</a></div> The Aakash is a medium-range, mobile <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missile</a> defence system.<a href="#cite_note-ak-244">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[242]</a> The missile system can target aircraft up to 30 kilometres (19 mi) away, at altitudes up to 18,000 metres (20,000 yd)<a href="#cite_note-246">[243]</a> Nag: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nag_(missile)" title="Nag (missile)">Nag (missile)</a></div> The Nag is a third generation "<a href="/wiki/Fire-and-forget" title="Fire-and-forget">Fire-and-forget</a>" <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">anti-tank missile</a> developed in India. It is one of five missile systems developed by the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a> (DRDO) under the <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Guided_Missile_Development_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Guided Missile Development Program">Integrated Guided Missile Development Program</a> (IGMDP). HELINA: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nag_(missile)#Variants" title="Nag (missile)">Nag (missile) § Variants</a></div> The HELINA is a variant of the NAG Missile to be launched from a helicopter.<a href="#cite_note-drdl-projects-247">[244]</a> It will be structurally different from the Nag. Shaurya: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shaurya_(missile)" title="Shaurya (missile)">Shaurya (missile)</a></div> The Shaurya is a canister launched <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypersonic">hypersonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-surface_missile" title="Surface-to-surface missile">surface-to-surface</a> <a href="/wiki/Tactical_ballistic_missile" title="Tactical ballistic missile">tactical missile</a> with a range more than 750 kilometres (470 mi).<a href="#cite_note-indiaresearch.org-248">[245]</a> It provides the potential to strike an adversary in the short-intermediate range.<a href="#cite_note-a1-249">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-hindu20081114-250">[247]</a> Prahaar: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prahaar_(missile)" title="Prahaar (missile)">Prahaar (missile)</a></div> The Prahaar is a solid-fuelled surface-to-surface guided short-range tactical ballistic missile.<a href="#cite_note-251">[248]</a> Astra: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Astra_(missile)" title="Astra (missile)">Astra (missile)</a></div> The Astra is a "Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile" (BVRAAM) developed for the Indian Air Force.<a href="#cite_note-252">[249]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India's_nuclear_doctrine">India's nuclear doctrine</h3></div> India has a declared nuclear <a href="/wiki/No_first_use" title="No first use">no-first-use</a> policy and is in the process of developing a nuclear doctrine based on "credible <a href="/wiki/Minimum_deterrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimum deterrence">minimum deterrence</a>". In August 1999, the Indian government released a draft of the doctrine<a href="#cite_note-NFU-253">[250]</a> which asserts that nuclear weapons are solely for deterrence and that India will pursue a policy of "retaliation only". The document also maintains that India "will not be the first to initiate a nuclear first strike, but will respond with punitive retaliation should deterrence fail".<a href="#cite_note-NFU-253">[250]</a> The fourth <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(India)" title="National Security Advisor (India)">National Security Advisor</a> of India <a href="/wiki/Shivshankar_Menon" title="Shivshankar Menon">Shivshankar Menon</a> signalled a significant shift from "<a href="/wiki/No_first_use" title="No first use">no first use</a>" to "no first use against non-nuclear weapon states" in a speech on the occasion of the Golden Jubilee celebrations of the <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_College,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="National Defence College, India">National Defence College</a> in New Delhi on 21 October 2010, a doctrine Menon said reflected India's "strategic culture, with its emphasis on minimal deterrence".<a href="#cite_note-254">[251]</a> However, whether the policy shift actually took place or not is unclear.<a href="#cite_note-255">[252]</a> Some argued that this was not a substantive change but "an innocent typographical or lexical error in the text of the speech".<a href="#cite_note-256">[253]</a> India's current PM Modi has, in the run up to the recent general elections, reiterated commitment to no first use policy.<a href="#cite_note-257">[254]</a> In April 2013 <a href="/wiki/Shyam_Saran" title="Shyam Saran">Shyam Saran</a>, convener of the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisory_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Advisory Board">National Security Advisory Board</a>, affirmed that regardless of the size of a nuclear "attack against India," be it a miniaturised version or a "big" missile, India will "retaliate massively to inflict unacceptable damage".<a href="#cite_note-258">[255]</a> Here, the term "attack against India" means attack against the "Union of India" or "Indian forces anywhere".<a href="#cite_note-259">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Missile_defence_programme">Missile defence programme</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Guided_missiles_of_India" title="Guided missiles of India">Guided missiles of India</a></div> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>'s missile defence network has two principal components – the Air Defence Ground Environment System (ADGES) and the Base Air Defence Zones (BADZ). The ADGES network provides for wide area radar coverage and permits the detection and interception of most aerial incursions into Indian airspace. The BADZ system is far more concentrated with <a href="/wiki/Radars" class="mw-redirect" title="Radars">radars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interceptor_aircraft" title="Interceptor aircraft">interceptors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missiles</a> (SAMs) and <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-aircraft artillery">anti-aircraft artillery</a> (AAA) units working together to provide an intense and highly effective defensive barrier to attacks on vital targets.<a href="#cite_note-BR-260">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ballistic_missile_defence">Ballistic missile defence</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Program">Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Program</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bharat_BMD_Phase-II_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bharat_BMD_Phase-II_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Bharat_BMD_Phase-II_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bharat_BMD_Phase-II_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Bharat_BMD_Phase-II_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Bharat_BMD_Phase-II_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>Second phase of Anti-ballistic Missile defence test with AD-1 missile</figcaption></figure> The Ballistic Missile Defence Program is an initiative to develop and deploy a multi-layered <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballistic missile defence">ballistic missile defence</a> system to protect India from <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile" title="Ballistic missile">ballistic missile</a> attacks.<a href="#cite_note-IHT-261">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[259]</a> Introduced in light of the ballistic missile threat from Pakistan,<a href="#cite_note-263">[260]</a> it is a double-tiered system consisting of two <a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">interceptor missiles</a>, namely the <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Air_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Prithvi Air Defence">Prithvi Air Defence</a> (PAD) missile for high-altitude interception, and the <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Air_Defence_(AAD)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Air Defence (AAD)">Advanced Air Defence (AAD)</a> Missile for lower altitude interception. The two-tiered shield should be able to intercept any incoming missile launched 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) away.<a href="#cite_note-264">[261]</a> PAD was tested in November 2006, followed by AAD in December 2007. With the test of the PAD missile, India became the fourth country to have successfully developed an anti-ballistic missile system, after the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-265">[262]</a> On 6 March 2009, India again successfully tested its missile defence shield, during which an incoming "enemy" missile was intercepted at an altitude of 75 kilometres (47 mi).<a href="#cite_note-266">[263]</a> On 6 May 2012, it was announced that Phase-I is complete and can be deployed on short notice to protect Indian cities.<a href="#cite_note-267">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-thehindu.com-268">[265]</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, the national capital, and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, have been selected for the ballistic missile defence shield.<a href="#cite_note-269">[266]</a> After successful implementation in Delhi and Mumbai, the system will be used to cover other major cities in the country.<a href="#cite_note-270">[267]</a> This shield can destroy incoming ballistic missiles launched from as far as 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) away. When the Phase II is completed and the PDV is developed, the two anti-ballistic missiles can intercept targets up to 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) both at exo and endo-atmospheric (inside the atmosphere) regions. The missiles will work in tandem to ensure a hit probability of 99.8 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-IBNLiveA-271">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[269]</a> This system can handle multiple targets simultaneously with multiple interceptors.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] India is reported to have procured a squadron of <a href="/wiki/S-300VM" class="mw-redirect" title="S-300VM">S-300V</a> systems which are in use as an anti-tactical ballistic missile screen.<a href="#cite_note-BR-2-273">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-DNews-274">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cruise_missile_defence">Cruise missile defence</h3></div> Defending against an attack by a cruise missile on the other hand is similar to tackling low-flying manned aircraft and hence most methods of aircraft defence can be used for a cruise missile defence system. To ward off the threats of nuclear-tipped cruise missile attack India has a new missile defence programme which will be focused solely on intercepting cruise missiles. The technological breakthrough has been created with an AAD missile.<a href="#cite_note-IBNLiveB-275">[272]</a> DRDO Chief, Dr. <a href="/wiki/V_K_Saraswat" class="mw-redirect" title="V K Saraswat">V K Saraswat</a> stated in an interview: "Our studies have indicated that this AAD will be able to handle a cruise missile intercept."<a href="#cite_note-IBNLIVE-276">[273]</a> Furthermore, India is acquiring airborne radars like <a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">AWACS</a> to ensure detection of cruise missiles in order to stay on top of the threat.<a href="#cite_note-IBNLIVE-276">[273]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barak-8" class="mw-redirect" title="Barak-8">Barak-8</a> is a long-range anti-air and anti-missile naval defence system being developed jointly by <a href="/wiki/Israel_Aerospace_Industries" title="Israel Aerospace Industries">Israel Aerospace Industries</a> (IAI) and the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a> (DRDO) of India.<a href="#cite_note-NT-277">[274]</a> The Indian Army is considering the induction of a variant of the Barak 8 missile to meet its requirement for a medium-range <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air" class="mw-redirect" title="Surface-to-air">surface-to-air</a> air defence missile. The naval version of this missile has the capability to intercept incoming enemy cruise missiles and combat jets targeting its warships at sea.<a href="#cite_note-IANS-278">[275]</a> It would also be inducted into the Indian Air Force, followed by the Army.<a href="#cite_note-279">[276]</a> Recently developed, India's <a href="/wiki/Akash_(missile)" title="Akash (missile)">Akash</a> missile defence system also has the capability to "neutralise aerial targets like fighter jets, cruise missiles and air-to-surface missiles".<a href="#cite_note-280">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[278]</a> Both the Barak-8 and the Akash missile defence systems can engage multiple targets simultaneously during saturation attacks.<a href="#cite_note-IAI_PDF_–_Barak_8-282">[279]</a> On 17 November 2010, in an interview Rafael's vice-president Mr. Lova Drori confirmed that the <a href="/wiki/David%27s_Sling" title="David's Sling">David's Sling</a> system has been offered to the Indian Armed Forces.<a href="#cite_note-IDefence-283">[280]</a> This system is further designed to distinguish between decoys and the actual warhead of a missile.<a href="#cite_note-284">[281]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="S-400_Triumf">S-400 Triumf</h3></div> In October 2018, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> inked an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> for <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>5.43 billion to purchase five <a href="/wiki/S-400_Triumf" class="mw-redirect" title="S-400 Triumf">S-400 Triumf</a> surface-to-air missile defence systems.<a href="#cite_note-285">[282]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defence_intelligence">Defence intelligence</h2></div> The <a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Agency_(India)" title="Defence Intelligence Agency (India)">Defence Intelligence Agency</a> (DIA) is an <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agency" title="Intelligence agency">organisation</a> responsible for providing and co-ordinating <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_(information_gathering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence (information gathering)">intelligence</a> for the Indian armed forces.<a href="#cite_note-MOD-286">[283]</a> It was created in March 2002 and is administered within the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Union Ministry of Defence</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] It is headed by a Director General who is also the principal adviser to the Minister of Defence and the Chief of Defence Staff. Traditionally, the bulk of intelligence work in India has been carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">Research and Analysis Wing</a> (R&AW) and the <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(India)" title="Intelligence Bureau (India)">Intelligence Bureau</a> (IB). The various services intelligence directorates namely the Directorate of Military Intelligence (DMI), the Directorate of Air Intelligence (DAI), Directorate of Naval Intelligence (DNI) and some other agencies are also involved but their activity is smaller by comparison. The R&AW and IB agencies are composed largely of civilians. Military personnel are often deputed to these agencies, but the letter of the law and concerns of deniability limit the use of serving military officers in some types of activity (especially collection and action). The creation of an intelligence agency co-ordinating the intelligence arms of the three military services had long been called for by senior Indian military officers.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] It was formally recommended by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Republic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Ministers of the Republic of India">Cabinet Group of Ministers</a>, headed by the then <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy Prime Minister of India</a> <a href="/wiki/Lal_Krishna_Advani" class="mw-redirect" title="Lal Krishna Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a>. The Group of Ministers investigated intelligence lapses that occurred during the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a> and recommended a comprehensive reform of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Intelligence_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian Intelligence agencies">Indian intelligence agencies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-A-287">[284]</a> The Defence Intelligence Agency was created and became operational in March 2002.<a href="#cite_note-A-287">[284]</a> As part of expanding bilateral co-operation on gathering intelligence and fighting terrorism, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_military" class="mw-redirect" title="United States military">United States military</a> also provided advice to Indian military officers on the creation of the DIA.<a href="#cite_note-A-287">[284]</a> DIA has control of MoD's prized technical intelligence assets – the Directorate of Signals Intelligence and the Defence Image Processing and Analysis Centre (DIPAC). While the Signals Directorate is responsible for acquiring and decrypting enemy communications, the DIPAC controls India's satellite-based image acquisition capabilities. The DIA also controls the Defence Information Warfare Agency (DIWA) which handles all elements of the information warfare repertoire, including psychological operations, cyber-war, electronic intercepts and the monitoring of sound waves. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_and_development">Research and development</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a></div> The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is an agency of the Republic of India, responsible for the development of technology for use by the military, headquartered in New Delhi, India. It was formed in 1958 by the merger of the Technical Development Establishment and the Directorate of Technical Development and Production with the Defence Science Organisation. DRDO has a network of 52 laboratories which are engaged in developing defence technologies covering various fields, like aeronautics, armaments, electronic and computer sciences, human resource development, life sciences, materials, missiles, combat vehicles development and naval research and development. The organisation includes more than 5,000 scientists and about 25,000 other scientific, technical and supporting personnel. Annual operating budget of the DRDO is pegged at $1.6 billion (2011–12).<a href="#cite_note-288">[285]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic-warfare,_Cyber-warfare,_military_hardware">Electronic-warfare, Cyber-warfare, military hardware</h3></div> The DRDO's avionics programme has been a success story with its mission computers, <a href="/wiki/Radar_warning_receivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Radar warning receivers">radar warning receivers</a>, high accuracy direction finding pods, <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_aperture_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic aperture radar">synthetic aperture radar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Active_Phased_Array_Radar" title="Active Phased Array Radar">Active Phased Array Radar</a>, airborne jammers and flight instrumentation in use across a wide variety of Indian Air Force aircraft and satellites. DRDO labs have developed many <a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">electronic warfare</a> systems for IAF and the Indian Army and high-performance <a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a> systems for the navy. DRDO also developed other critical military hardware, such as the <a href="/wiki/Arjun_MBT" class="mw-redirect" title="Arjun MBT">Arjun</a> Main Battle Tank, and is engaged in the development of a future <a href="/wiki/Infantry_Combat_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Infantry Combat Vehicle">Infantry Combat Vehicle</a>. The DRDO is also a member of the trials teams for the T-72 upgrade and its fire control systems. <a href="/wiki/INSAS" class="mw-redirect" title="INSAS">INSAS</a>, India's de facto standard small arms family including <a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">assault rifle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Light_machine_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Light machine guns">light machine guns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">carbine</a>, is developed at the <a href="/wiki/Armament_Research_and_Development_Establishment" title="Armament Research and Development Establishment">Armament Research and Development Establishment</a>, a DRDO laboratory. ARDE also worked on the development of <a href="/wiki/Pinaka_Multi_Barrel_Rocket_Launcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinaka Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher">Pinaka Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher</a>, which has a maximum range of 39 kilometres (24 mi) – 40 kilometres (25 mi) and can fire a salvo of 12 high-explosive rockets in 44 seconds, neutralising a target area of 3.9 square km. This project was one of the first major Indian defence projects involving the Private sector. India has created the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Cyber_Agency" title="Defence Cyber Agency">Defence Cyber Agency</a>, which has the responsibility of conducting <a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-289">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missile_development_programme">Missile development programme</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nag_with_NAMICA_Defexpo-2008.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nag_with_NAMICA_Defexpo-2008.JPG/213px-Nag_with_NAMICA_Defexpo-2008.JPG" decoding="async" width="213" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nag_with_NAMICA_Defexpo-2008.JPG/320px-Nag_with_NAMICA_Defexpo-2008.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nag_with_NAMICA_Defexpo-2008.JPG/426px-Nag_with_NAMICA_Defexpo-2008.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>DRDO-built 3rd-generation <a href="/wiki/ATGM" class="mw-redirect" title="ATGM">ATGM</a> <a href="/wiki/Nag_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Nag missile">Nag missile</a>.</figcaption></figure> DRDO executed the <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Guided_Missile_Development_Programme" title="Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme">Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme</a> (IGMDP) to establish the ability to develop and design a missile locally, and manufacture a range of missile systems for the three defence services. The programme has seen significant success in its two most important constituents – the <a href="/wiki/Agni_(missile)" title="Agni (missile)">Agni missiles</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_(missile)" title="Prithvi (missile)">Prithvi missiles</a>, while two other programmes, the <a href="/wiki/Akash_SAM" class="mw-redirect" title="Akash SAM">Akash SAM</a> and the anti-tank <a href="/wiki/Nag_Missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Nag Missile">Nag Missile</a> have seen significant orders. Another significant project of DRDO has been the <a href="/wiki/Astra_(missile)" title="Astra (missile)">Astra</a> <a href="/wiki/Beyond-visual-range_missile" title="Beyond-visual-range missile">beyond-visual-range</a> air-to-air missile (BVR), for equipping IAF's <a href="/wiki/Air_superiority_fighter" title="Air superiority fighter">air-superiority fighters</a>. The crown jewel of DRDO has been the <a href="/wiki/BrahMos" title="BrahMos">BrahMos</a> programme (as a joint venture with Russian NPO), which aims at creating a range of <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">supersonic cruise missiles</a> derived from the <a href="/wiki/Yakhont" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakhont">Yakhont</a> system. The DRDO has been responsible for the navigational systems on the BrahMos, aspects of its propulsion, airframe and seeker, fire control systems, mobile command posts and the Transporter Erector Launcher. The US Department of Defence (<a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_(USA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Defense (USA)">Pentagon</a>) has written to India's Ministry of Defence (MoD), proposing the two countries collaborate in jointly developing a next-generation version of the <a href="/wiki/Javelin_anti-tank_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Javelin anti-tank missile">Javelin anti-tank missile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-290">[287]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unmanned_aerial_vehicles">Unmanned aerial vehicles</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rustom_flight_2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Rustom_flight_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/213px-Rustom_flight_2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Rustom_flight_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/320px-Rustom_flight_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Rustom_flight_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/426px-Rustom_flight_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2805" data-file-height="1867" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/TAPAS-BH-201" title="TAPAS-BH-201">TAPAS-BH-201</a> MALE UAV.</figcaption></figure> The DRDO has also developed many <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Unmanned aerial vehicles">unmanned aerial vehicles</a>- such as the <a href="/wiki/DRDO_Nishant" title="DRDO Nishant">Nishant</a> tactical UAV and the <a href="/wiki/Lakshya_PTA" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakshya PTA">Lakshya</a> Pilotless Target Aircraft (PTA). The Lakshya PTA has been ordered by all three services for their gunnery target training requirements. Efforts are ongoing to develop the PTA further, with an improved all-digital flight control system, and a better turbojet engine. The DRDO is also going ahead with its plans to develop a new class of UAV, referred to by the HALE (High Altitude Long Endurance) and MALE (Medium Altitude Long Endurance) designations. The MALE UAV has been tentatively named the <a href="/wiki/DRDO_Rustom" title="DRDO Rustom">Rustom</a>, and will feature canards and carry a range of payloads, including optronic, radar, laser designators and ESM. The UAV will have conventional landing and take off capability. The HALE UAV will have features such as SATCOM links, allowing it to be commanded beyond line of sight. Other tentative plans speak of converting the LCA into an <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned combat aerial vehicle">unmanned combat aerial vehicle</a> (UCAV),<a href="#cite_note-291">[288]</a> and weaponising UAVs such as <a href="/wiki/DRDO_AURA" class="mw-redirect" title="DRDO AURA">AURA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-292">[289]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-satellite_weapon">Anti-satellite weapon</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anti-satellite_weapon" title="Anti-satellite weapon">Anti-satellite weapon</a></div> In 2010, the defence ministry drafted a 15-year "Technology Perspective and Roadmap", which held development of <a href="/wiki/Anti-satellite_weapon" title="Anti-satellite weapon">ASAT weapons</a> "for electronic or physical destruction of satellites in both LEO (2,000-km altitude above earth's surface) and the higher geosynchronous orbit" as a thrust area in its long-term integrated perspective plan under the management of DRDO.<a href="#cite_note-293">[290]</a> On 10 February 2010, <a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a> Director-General, and Scientific Advisor to the Defence Minister, Dr VK Saraswat stated that India had "all the building blocks necessary" to integrate an anti-satellite weapon to neutralise hostile satellites in <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_Orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Earth Orbit">low earth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polar_orbit" title="Polar orbit">polar orbits</a>. India is known to have been developing an exo-atmospheric kill vehicle that can be integrated with the missile to engage satellites.<a href="#cite_note-294">[291]</a> On 27 March 2019, India conducted the <a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_anti-satellite_missile_test" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Indian anti-satellite missile test">first test</a> of an ASAT weapon.<a href="#cite_note-295">[292]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future_programmes">Future programmes</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Directed-energy_weapons">Directed-energy weapons</h4></div> It is also known that DRDO is working on a slew of <a href="/wiki/Directed_energy_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Directed energy weapons">directed energy weapons</a> (DEWs) and has identified DEWs, along with space security, cyber-security, and hypersonic vehicles/missiles as focus areas in the next 15 years.<a href="#cite_note-296">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hypersonic_Technology_Demonstrator_Vehicle">Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic_Technology_Demonstrator_Vehicle" title="Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle">Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle</a></div> The Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle (HSTDV) is an unmanned <a href="/wiki/Scramjet" title="Scramjet">scramjet</a> demonstration aircraft for <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypersonic">hypersonic</a> flight (<a href="/wiki/Mach_number" title="Mach number">Mach</a> 6.5). The HSTDV program is run by the DRDO.<a href="#cite_note-THEHINDU-297">[294]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peace_keeping,_anti-piracy,_and_exploration_missions">Peace keeping, anti-piracy, and exploration missions</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Nations_peacekeeping">United Nations peacekeeping</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:274px;max-width:274px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:272px;max-width:272px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Soldats_de_la_Paix_du_bataillon_indien_lors_d%27une_patrouille_de_domination_de_terrain_%C3%A0_travers_la_for%C3%AAt_de_Pitakongo_(15143910694).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Les_Soldats_de_la_Paix_du_bataillon_indien_lors_d%27une_patrouille_de_domination_de_terrain_%C3%A0_travers_la_for%C3%AAt_de_Pitakongo_%2815143910694%29.jpg/270px-Les_Soldats_de_la_Paix_du_bataillon_indien_lors_d%27une_patrouille_de_domination_de_terrain_%C3%A0_travers_la_for%C3%AAt_de_Pitakongo_%2815143910694%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Les_Soldats_de_la_Paix_du_bataillon_indien_lors_d%27une_patrouille_de_domination_de_terrain_%C3%A0_travers_la_for%C3%AAt_de_Pitakongo_%2815143910694%29.jpg/405px-Les_Soldats_de_la_Paix_du_bataillon_indien_lors_d%27une_patrouille_de_domination_de_terrain_%C3%A0_travers_la_for%C3%AAt_de_Pitakongo_%2815143910694%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Les_Soldats_de_la_Paix_du_bataillon_indien_lors_d%27une_patrouille_de_domination_de_terrain_%C3%A0_travers_la_for%C3%AAt_de_Pitakongo_%2815143910694%29.jpg/540px-Les_Soldats_de_la_Paix_du_bataillon_indien_lors_d%27une_patrouille_de_domination_de_terrain_%C3%A0_travers_la_for%C3%AAt_de_Pitakongo_%2815143910694%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Indian soldiers patrol under <a href="/wiki/MONUSCO" title="MONUSCO">UN mission in Congo, Africa</a>, 2014.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:272px;max-width:272px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Blue_Berets,_We_Care_(15847021980).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/The_Blue_Berets%2C_We_Care_%2815847021980%29.jpg/270px-The_Blue_Berets%2C_We_Care_%2815847021980%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/The_Blue_Berets%2C_We_Care_%2815847021980%29.jpg/405px-The_Blue_Berets%2C_We_Care_%2815847021980%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/The_Blue_Berets%2C_We_Care_%2815847021980%29.jpg/540px-The_Blue_Berets%2C_We_Care_%2815847021980%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Indian Army doctors attend to a child in <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="Indian Army United Nations peacekeeping missions">Indian Army United Nations peacekeeping missions</a></div> India has been the largest troop contributor to <a href="/wiki/UN_peacekeeping_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="UN peacekeeping missions">UN missions</a> since their inception.<a href="#cite_note-Tuteja-298">[295]</a> So far India has taken part in 43 peacekeeping missions with a total contribution exceeding 160,000 troops and a significant number of police personnel having been deployed.<a href="#cite_note-299">[296]</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] India has so far, provided one Military Advisor (Lt Gen R K Mehta), one Police Adviser (Ms Kiran Bedi), one Deputy Military Adviser (Lt Gen Abhijit Guha), 14 Force Commanders and numerous Police Commissioners in various UN Missions.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] The Indian Army has also contributed lady officers as Military Observers and Staff Officers apart from them forming part of Medical Units being deployed in UN Missions. The first all women contingent in a peacekeeping mission, was a Formed Police Unit from India, deployed in 2007 to the UN Operation in Liberia(UNMIL).<a href="#cite_note-300">[297]</a> India has suffered 127 soldier deaths while serving on peacekeeping missions.<a href="#cite_note-301">[298]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] India has also provided army contingents performing a peacekeeping operation in Sri Lanka between 1987 and 1990 as the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Peace_Keeping_Force" title="Indian Peace Keeping Force">Indian Peace Keeping Force</a>.In November 1988, India also helped to restore the government of <a href="/wiki/Maumoon_Abdul_Gayoom" title="Maumoon Abdul Gayoom">Maumoon Abdul Gayoom</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> under <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cactus" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Cactus">Operation Cactus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-302">[299]</a> As of June 2013, about 8000 Indian UN peacekeepers, both men and women, are deployed in nine missions, including the Congo, South Sudan, Liberia, UNDOF, Haiti, Lebanon, Abeyi, Cyprus and Cote de Ivoire.<a href="#cite_note-Tuteja-298">[295]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-piracy_mission">Anti-piracy mission</h3></div> India sought to augment its naval force in the Gulf of Aden by deploying the larger <a href="/wiki/INS_Mysore_(D60)" title="INS Mysore (D60)">INS Mysore</a> to patrol the area. Somalia also added India to its list of states, including the US and France, who are permitted to enter its territorial waters, extending up to 12 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> (22 km; 14 mi) from the coastline, in an effort to check piracy.<a href="#cite_note-ins-hp-303">[300]</a> An Indian naval official confirmed receipt of a letter acceding to India's prerogative to check such piracy. "We had put up a request before the Somali government to play a greater role in suppressing piracy in the Gulf of Aden in view of the United Nations resolution. The TFG government gave its nod recently."<a href="#cite_note-304">[301]</a> In November 2008, an Indian navy warship destroyed a suspected Somali pirate vessel after it came under attack in the Gulf of Aden. In a report on Somalia submitted to the Security Council, UN Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a> said "I welcome the decision of the governments of India and the Russian Federation to cooperate with the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia to fight piracy and armed robbery against ships." India also expressed the desire to deploy up to four more <a href="/wiki/Warships" class="mw-redirect" title="Warships">warships</a> in the region.<a href="#cite_note-305">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[303]</a> On 2010-09-06, a team of <a href="/wiki/MARCOS" title="MARCOS">Indian marine commandos</a> (MARCOS) boarded MV Jag Arnav and overpowered attacking pirates – seven heavily armed Somalis and one Yemeni national. In the seven-year time frame India deployed 52 warships to combat piracy, which resulted in the area up to 65 degrees east being cleared of pirates.<a href="#cite_note-307">[304]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relief_operations">Relief operations</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Air_Force_Cheetah_helicopters_rescue_op_2015_Chennai_Flood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Indian_Air_Force_Cheetah_helicopters_rescue_op_2015_Chennai_Flood.jpg/220px-Indian_Air_Force_Cheetah_helicopters_rescue_op_2015_Chennai_Flood.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Indian_Air_Force_Cheetah_helicopters_rescue_op_2015_Chennai_Flood.jpg/330px-Indian_Air_Force_Cheetah_helicopters_rescue_op_2015_Chennai_Flood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Indian_Air_Force_Cheetah_helicopters_rescue_op_2015_Chennai_Flood.jpg/440px-Indian_Air_Force_Cheetah_helicopters_rescue_op_2015_Chennai_Flood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>An Indian Air Force helicopter rescues stranded people during <a href="/wiki/2015_South_Indian_floods#Chennai" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 South Indian floods">2015 Chennai Floods</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Indian Air Force provides regular relief operation for food and medical facilities around the world using its <a href="/wiki/Cargo_aircraft" title="Cargo aircraft">cargo aircraft</a> most notably the <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-76" title="Ilyushin Il-76">Ilyushin Il-76</a>. The most recent relief operation of the IAF was in <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-308">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[306]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] During the <a href="/wiki/2010_Ladakh_floods" title="2010 Ladakh floods">2010 Ladakh floods</a>, two Ilyushin Il-76 and four Antonov-32 aircraft of the IAF carried 30 tonnes of load, which include 125 rescue and relief personnel, medicines, generators, tents, portable X-ray machines and emergency rescue kits. A MI-17 helicopter and Cheetah helicopter were used to increase the effectiveness of the rescue operations.<a href="#cite_note-310">[307]</a> During the 2013 <a href="/wiki/2013_North_India_floods" title="2013 North India floods">Uttrakhand Floods</a>, the Indian armed forces took part in rescue operations. By 21 June 2013, the Army had deployed 10,000 soldiers and 11 helicopters, the navy had sent 45 naval divers, and the Air force had deployed 43 aircraft including 36 helicopters. From 17 to 30 June 2013, the IAF airlifted a total of 18,424 people – flying a total of 2,137 sorties and dropping/landing a total of 3,36,930 kg of relief material and equipment. The IAF participated in the rescue operation codenamed <a href="/wiki/Operation_Raahat" title="Operation Raahat">Operation Raahat</a> and evacuated more than 4640 Indian citizens (along with 960 foreign nationals from 41 countries) from <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2015_military_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 military intervention in Yemen">2015 military intervention</a> by <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and its allies in that country during the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Crisis (2011–present)">Yemeni Crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kumar_2015-311">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-onein2015-312">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Times2015-313">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zee_Newsx2015-314">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-http://www.hindustantimes.com/_2015-315">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Times_of_India15-316">[313]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IAF_efforts_in_eclipse_study">IAF efforts in eclipse study</h3></div> The Indian Air Force successfully undertook sorties to help Indian scientists study the total solar eclipse that took place on 23 July 2010. Two separate missions from Agra and Gwalior were flown along the path of the Moon's shadow, a mission that was deemed hugely successful by scientists associated with the experiment. While one <a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-32" title="Antonov An-32">AN-32</a> transport aircraft carrying scientific equipment, cameras and scientists took off from Agra and landed back after a three-hour flight, a <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_2000" title="Dassault Mirage 2000">Mirage-2000</a> trainer from Gwalior took images of the celestial spectacle from 40,000 feet (12,000 m). With weather being clear at such altitudes and coordinates planned by the IAF pilots, both the AN-32 and Mirage-2000 pilots were able to accomplish the mission successfully.<a href="#cite_note-317">[314]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_Navy_exploration">Indian Navy exploration</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Navy_at_the_North_Pole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Indian_Navy_at_the_North_Pole.jpg/220px-Indian_Navy_at_the_North_Pole.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Indian_Navy_at_the_North_Pole.jpg/330px-Indian_Navy_at_the_North_Pole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Indian_Navy_at_the_North_Pole.jpg/440px-Indian_Navy_at_the_North_Pole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>The Indian Navy expedition to <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a>, 2008.</figcaption></figure> The Indian Navy regularly conducts adventure expeditions. The sailing ship and training vessel INS Tarangini began circumnavigating the world on 23 January 2003, intending to foster good relations with other nations; she returned to India in May of the following year after visiting 36 ports in 18 nations. Lt. Cdr. M.S. Kohli led the Indian Navy's first successful expedition to Mount Everest in 1965. Another Navy team also successfully scaled Everest from the north face, the more technically challenging route.<a href="#cite_note-318">[315]</a> An Indian Navy team comprising 11 members successfully completed an expedition to the <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a> in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-319">[316]</a> The Indian Naval ensign first flew in Antarctica in 1981. The Indian Navy succeeded in Mission Dakshin Dhruv by traversing to the <a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a> on skis in 2006. With this historic expedition, they set the record for being the world's first military team to have successfully completed a ski traverse to the geographic south pole.<a href="#cite_note-320">[317]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Misconceptions_in_nomenclature">Misconceptions in nomenclature</h2></div> There are a number of uniformed forces in India apart from the Indian Armed Forces. All such forces are established under the acts of Parliament. They are: the <a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Force" title="Border Security Force">Border Security Force</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police" title="Indo-Tibetan Border Police">Indo-Tibetan Border Police</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Industrial_Security_Force" title="Central Industrial Security Force">Central Industrial Security Force</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sashastra_Seema_Bal" title="Sashastra Seema Bal">Sashastra Seema Bal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Assam_Rifles" title="Assam Rifles">Assam Rifles</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Guard" title="National Security Guard">National Security Guard</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs (India)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Group" title="Special Protection Group">Special Protection Group</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretariat_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretariat of India">Cabinet Secretariat of India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Railway_Protection_Force" title="Railway Protection Force">Railway Protection Force</a> under <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Ministry of Railways (India)</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a> (ICG) under the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence (India)</a>. These forces are referred to as "Armed Force of the Union" in their respective acts, which means a force with armed capability and not necessarily "Armed Forces", the term as per international standards and conventionally referred to as "Army", "Navy" and "Air Force". The Supreme Court in its judgements reported in AIR 1996 SC 1705 held that the military service is only confined to three principal wings of the armed forces i.e. Army, Navy and Air Force. Further the Honourable Supreme Court of India in a case reported in AIR 2000 SC 3948 clarified that unless it is a service in the three principal wing of the Armed Forces, a force included in the expression "Armed forces of the Union" does not constitute part of the military service/military.<a href="#cite_note-321">[318]</a> To differentiate from Armed Forces, Some of other forces were commonly referred to as Central Paramilitary Forces which caused confusion and give the impression of them being part of the military forces. To remove such confusion, in 2011 the Ministry of Home Affairs adopted the uniform nomenclature of <a href="/wiki/Central_Armed_Police_Forces" title="Central Armed Police Forces">Central Armed Police Forces</a> for only five of its Primary Police organisations.<a href="#cite_note-322">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[320]</a> These were formerly called as Paramilitary Forces. <a href="/wiki/Central_Armed_Police_Forces" title="Central Armed Police Forces">Central Armed Police Forces</a> are still incorrectly referred to as "Paramilitary Forces" in the media and in some correspondences. These forces are headed by officers from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">Indian Police Service</a> and are under the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a>. Other uniform services are referred to by their names only such as: the Railway Protection Force, the NSG, the SPG, the ICG, the Assam Rifles etc., but not under any collective nomenclature. However, conventionally some forces are referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_Forces_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramilitary Forces of India">Paramilitary Forces of India</a>, for example the <a href="/wiki/Assam_Rifles" title="Assam Rifles">Assam Rifles</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Special_Frontier_Force" title="Special Frontier Force">SFF</a> and the ICG. The Indian Coast Guard is often confused incorrectly as being a part of the military forces due to the organisation being under the Ministry of Defence. The Supreme Court in its judgement has held that unless it is a service in the three principal wings of the Armed Forces, a force included in the expression "Armed forces of the Union" does not constitute part of military service/military. The Indian Coast Guard works closely with civilian agencies such as Customs, the Department of Fisheries, the Coastal Police etc. with its primary role being that of a non-military, maritime law enforcement agency.<a href="#cite_note-324">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[322]</a> It is independent of the command and control of the Indian Navy. ICG was initially planned to be kept under the Ministry of Home Affairs but has been kept under the Ministry of Defence for better synergy since it is patterned like the navy.<a href="#cite_note-326">[323]</a> The ICG does not take part in any protocol of military forces such as the President's Body Guard, ADCs, the Tri-Services Guard of Honour etc. Their recruitment is also not under the Combined Defence Services Exam/National Defence Academy Exam which is one of the prime modes of commissioning officers to the Armed Forces. Indian Coast Guard Officers continue to get their training with Indian Navy Officers since the ICG does not have its own training academy. Already a new <a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard_Academy" title="Indian Coast Guard Academy">Indian Coast Guard Academy</a> for training of their officers is under construction.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] Often ICG loses its credit for being incorrectly recognised as part of Indian military Forces and not as a unique independent force.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_India" title="Military budget of India">Military budget of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(India)" title="National Security Council (India)">National Security Council (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Factories_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance Factories Board">Ordnance Factories Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Rank,_One_Pension" title="One Rank, One Pension">One Rank, One Pension</a> Demand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_India" title="Law enforcement in India">Law enforcement in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Defence_Studies_and_Analyses" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses">Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_forces_rank_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Armed forces rank flags">Indian Armed forces rank flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="Indian Army United Nations peacekeeping missions">Indian Army United Nations peacekeeping missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#ref_IPS">^</a> Does not include members of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">Indian Police Service</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ia-recruit-1"><a href="#cite_ref-ia-recruit_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110823010101/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=zErLx%2FkOfcM%3D&ParentID=G+0mK8DeGyw%3D">"Categories of Entry"</a>. Indian Army. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=zErLx/kOfcM=&ParentID=G+0mK8DeGyw=">the original</a> on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Categories+of+Entry&rft.pub=Indian+Army&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianarmy.nic.in%2FSite%2FFormTemplete%2FfrmTempSimple.aspx%3FMnId%3DzErLx%2FkOfcM%3D%26ParentID%3DG%2B0mK8DeGyw%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalfirepower.com/manpower-reaching-military-age-annually.asp">"Manpower Reaching Military Age Annually (2020)"</a>. Global Fire Power (GFP). Retrieved 19 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Fire+Power+%28GFP%29&rft.atitle=Manpower+Reaching+Military+Age+Annually+%282020%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalfirepower.com%2Fmanpower-reaching-military-age-annually.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IISS_2021_259-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IISS_2021_259_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IISS_2021_259_3-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFIISS2021">IISS 2021</a>, p. 259 </li> <li id="cite_note-budget-2024-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-budget-2024_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-budget-2024_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge2024" class="citation news cs1">George, Sarahbeth (1 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/unveiling-indias-rs-6-21-lakh-crore-defence-budget-with-a-dual-focus-on-self-reliance-and-export-boost/articleshow/107328256.cms">"Unveiling India's Rs 6.21 lakh crore Defence budget with a dual focus on self-reliance and export boost"</a>. The Economic Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0389">0013-0389</a>. Retrieved 2 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Unveiling+India%27s+Rs+6.21+lakh+crore+Defence+budget+with+a+dual+focus+on+self-reliance+and+export+boost&rft.date=2024-02-01&rft.issn=0013-0389&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=Sarahbeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fdefence%2Funveiling-indias-rs-6-21-lakh-crore-defence-budget-with-a-dual-focus-on-self-reliance-and-export-boost%2Farticleshow%2F107328256.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mod.nic.in-5"><a href="#cite_ref-mod.nic.in_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120704170459/http://mod.nic.in/product%26supp/welcome.html">"Ministry of Defence, Govt of India"</a>. mod.nic.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mod.nic.in/product&supp/welcome.html">the original</a> on 4 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mod.nic.in&rft.atitle=Ministry+of+Defence%2C+Govt+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmod.nic.in%2Fproduct%26supp%2Fwelcome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIPRI-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SIPRI_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIPRI_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIPRI_6-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119012346/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/html/export_values.php">"India / Aircraft / Jianjiji / Fighter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/html/export_values.php">the original</a> on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 5 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft.atitle=India+%2F+Aircraft+%2F+Jianjiji+%2F+Fighter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farmstrade.sipri.org%2Farmstrade%2Fhtml%2Fexport_values.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/u-s-security-cooperation-with-india/">"U.S. Security Cooperation With India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of State">Department of State</a>. 20 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+State&rft.atitle=U.S.+Security+Cooperation+With+India&rft.date=2021-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fu-s-security-cooperation-with-india%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Chari, P. R. "Indo-Soviet Military Cooperation: A Review." Asian Survey, vol. 19, no. 3, 1979, pp. 230–44. JSTOR, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2643691">10.2307/2643691</a>. Accessed 26 January 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Singh, S. Nihal. "Why India Goes to Moscow for Arms." Asian Survey, vol. 24, no. 7, 1984, pp. 707–20. JSTOR, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2644184">10.2307/2644184</a>. Accessed 26 January 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-SIPRI_India-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SIPRI_India_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIPRI_India_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/values.php">"TIV of arms imports/exports data for India, 2010-2021"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</a>. 7 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft.atitle=TIV+of+arms+imports%2Fexports+data+for+India%2C+2010-2021&rft.date=2022-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmstrade.sipri.org%2Farmstrade%2Fpage%2Fvalues.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iaf1-11"><a href="#cite_ref-iaf1_11-0">^</a> —<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925101556/http://knowindia.gov.in/myindia/myindia_frame.php?id=6">"Indian Armed Forces"</a>. Know India Portal. NIC, GoI. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knowindia.gov.in/myindia/myindia_frame.php?id=6">the original</a> on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Know+India+Portal&rft.atitle=Indian+Armed+Forces&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fknowindia.gov.in%2Fmyindia%2Fmyindia_frame.php%3Fid%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> —<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925104102/http://www.rti.india.gov.in/cic_decisions/CIC_LS_A_2010_001190_M_42637.pdf">"CIC Order"</a> (PDF). Right to Information. CIC, GoI. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rti.india.gov.in/cic_decisions/CIC_LS_A_2010_001190_M_42637.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Right+to+Information&rft.atitle=CIC+Order&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rti.india.gov.in%2Fcic_decisions%2FCIC_LS_A_2010_001190_M_42637.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330232403/http://reportmysignalpm.blogspot.com/2011/07/central-police-forces-and-state-armed.html">"Report My Signal- Professional Matters: The Central Police Forces and State Armed Police"</a>. Reportmysignalpm.blogspot.com. 12 July 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reportmysignalpm.blogspot.com/2011/07/central-police-forces-and-state-armed.html">the original</a> on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+My+Signal-+Professional+Matters%3A+The+Central+Police+Forces+and+State+Armed+Police&rft.pub=Reportmysignalpm.blogspot.com&rft.date=2011-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freportmysignalpm.blogspot.com%2F2011%2F07%2Fcentral-police-forces-and-state-armed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-majeed-roi-2-13"><a href="#cite_ref-majeed-roi-2_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajeed2005" class="citation cs2">Majeed, Akhtar (2005), "Republic of India", in Kincaid, John; Tarr, G. Alan (eds.), Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries, A Global Dialogue on Federalism, Volume I, Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press for Forum of Federation and International Association of Centers for Federal Studies, pp. 180–207, 185, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-2849-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-2849-0"><bdi>0-7735-2849-0</bdi></a>, <q>...the executive authority is vested in the prime minister and in their Council of Ministers. (p. 185)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Republic+of+India&rft.btitle=Constitutional+Origins%2C+Structure%2C+and+Change+in+Federal+Countries&rft.place=Montreal+%26+Kingston&rft.series=A+Global+Dialogue+on+Federalism%2C+Volume+I&rft.pages=180-207%2C+185&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press+for+Forum+of+Federation+and+International+Association+of+Centers+for+Federal+Studies&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7735-2849-0&rft.aulast=Majeed&rft.aufirst=Akhtar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dam-3-14"><a href="#cite_ref-dam-3_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDam2016" class="citation cs2">Dam, Shubhankar (2016), "Executive", in Choudhry, Sujit; Khosla, Madhav; Mehta, Pratap Bhanu (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 307, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870489-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870489-8"><bdi>978-0-19-870489-8</bdi></a>, <q>Executive power, ordinarily, is exercised by Prime Minister.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Executive&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+the+Indian+Constitution&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=307&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-19-870489-8&rft.aulast=Dam&rft.aufirst=Shubhankar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nsingh-india-15"><a href="#cite_ref-nsingh-india_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2018" class="citation cs2">Singh, Nirvikar (2018), "Holding India Together: The Role of Institutions of Federalism", in Mishra, Ajit; Ray, Tridip (eds.), Markets, Governance, and Institutions: In the Process of Economic Development, Oxford University Press, pp. 300–323, 306, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-881255-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-881255-5"><bdi>978-0-19-881255-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Holding+India+Together%3A+The+Role+of+Institutions+of+Federalism&rft.btitle=Markets%2C+Governance%2C+and+Institutions%3A+In+the+Process+of+Economic+Development&rft.pages=300-323%2C+306&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-19-881255-5&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Nirvikar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mod.gov.in/about--ministry">"ABOUT THE MINISTRY | Ministry of Defence"</a>. www.mod.gov.in. Retrieved 31 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mod.gov.in&rft.atitle=ABOUT+THE+MINISTRY+%7C+Ministry+of+Defence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mod.gov.in%2Fabout--ministry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Press_Information_Bureau-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Press_Information_Bureau_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Press_Information_Bureau_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=(Release%2520ID%2520:148814)">"Press Information Bureau"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160915111743/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=%28Release%20ID%20%3A148814%29">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Information+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Fnewsite%2Ferelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D%28Release%252520ID%252520%3A148814%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanaSarna2017" class="citation news cs1">Rana, Uday Singh; Sarna, Aakarshuk (27 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news18.com/news/india/20-sailor-shortage-in-navy-15-officer-posts-vacant-in-army-nirmala-sitharaman-tells-parliament-1616303.html">"20% Sailor Shortage in Navy, 15% Officer Posts Vacant in Army, Nirmala Sitharaman Tells Parliament"</a>. News18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241007050841/https://www.news18.com/news/india/20-sailor-shortage-in-navy-15-officer-posts-vacant-in-army-nirmala-sitharaman-tells-parliament-1616303.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 28 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News18&rft.atitle=20%25+Sailor+Shortage+in+Navy%2C+15%25+Officer+Posts+Vacant+in+Army%2C+Nirmala+Sitharaman+Tells+Parliament&rft.date=2017-12-27&rft.aulast=Rana&rft.aufirst=Uday+Singh&rft.au=Sarna%2C+Aakarshuk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news18.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2F20-sailor-shortage-in-navy-15-officer-posts-vacant-in-army-nirmala-sitharaman-tells-parliament-1616303.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inspire99.com/indian-army-largest-volunteer-army-in-the-world/">"Indian Army : Largest Volunteer Army in The World"</a>. 16 October 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Army+%3A+Largest+Volunteer+Army+in+The+World&rft.date=2014-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finspire99.com%2Findian-army-largest-volunteer-army-in-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIPRI-2019B-20"><a href="#cite_ref-SIPRI-2019B_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTianFleurantKuimovaWezeman2020" class="citation web cs1">Tian, Nan; Fleurant, Aude; Kuimova, Alexandra; Wezeman, Pieter D.; Wezeman, Siemon T. (27 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/fs_2020_04_milex_0_0.pdf">"Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2019"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</a>. Retrieved 27 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trends+in+World+Military+Expenditure%2C+2019&rft.pub=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft.date=2020-04-27&rft.aulast=Tian&rft.aufirst=Nan&rft.au=Fleurant%2C+Aude&rft.au=Kuimova%2C+Alexandra&rft.au=Wezeman%2C+Pieter+D.&rft.au=Wezeman%2C+Siemon+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sipri.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2020-04%2Ffs_2020_04_milex_0_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-listing.asp">"2020 Military Strength Ranking"</a>. Global Fire Power (GFP). Retrieved 18 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Fire+Power+%28GFP%29&rft.atitle=2020+Military+Strength+Ranking&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalfirepower.com%2Fcountries-listing.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-India_triad-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-India_triad_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-India_triad_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-India_triad_22-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/now-india-has-a-nuclear-triad/article9231307.ece">"Now, India has a nuclear triad"</a>. The Hindu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110326/jsp/nation/story_13768094.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Now%2C+India+has+a+nuclear+triad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fnow-india-has-a-nuclear-triad%2Farticle9231307.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes.com-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/">"Breaking News, World News & Multimedia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140108144641/http://www.nytimes.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Breaking+News%2C+World+News+%26+Multimedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabinowitz2008" class="citation news cs1">Rabinowitz, Gavin (18 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/06/18/MNRR11AJK9.DTL&type=science">"India's army seeks military space program"</a>. The San Francisco Chronicle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321084758/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F06%2F18%2FMNRR11AJK9.DTL&type=science">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=India%27s+army+seeks+military+space+program&rft.date=2008-06-18&rft.aulast=Rabinowitz&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F06%2F18%2FMNRR11AJK9.DTL%26type%3Dscience&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ddpmod.gov.in/defencepublicsectorundertakin/defence-public-sector-undertakings">"Defence Public Sector Undertakings | Department of Defence Production"</a>. www.ddpmod.gov.in. Retrieved 4 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ddpmod.gov.in&rft.atitle=Defence+Public+Sector+Undertakings+%7C+Department+of+Defence+Production&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ddpmod.gov.in%2Fdefencepublicsectorundertakin%2Fdefence-public-sector-undertakings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iaf2-26"><a href="#cite_ref-iaf2_26-0">^</a> —<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/WTARC/2009/me_military0246_03_25.asp">"End of an era: Israel replaces Russia as India's top military supplier"</a>. World Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110813204853/http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/WTARC/2009/me_military0246_03_25.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Tribune&rft.atitle=End+of+an+era%3A+Israel+replaces+Russia+as+India%27s+top+military+supplier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldtribune.com%2Fworldtribune%2FWTARC%2F2009%2Fme_military0246_03_25.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> —<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170818181155/http://www.india-defence.com/reports-3750%23">"Russia Competing to Remain India's Top Military Supplier"</a>. India Defence. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.india-defence.com/reports-3750#">the original</a> on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+Competing+to+Remain+India%27s+Top+Military+Supplier&rft.pub=India+Defence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.india-defence.com%2Freports-3750%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> —<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen" class="citation web cs1">Cohen, Stephen and Sunil Dasgupta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110309074634/http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2011/03_india_cohen_dasgupta.aspx">"Arms Sales for India"</a>. Brookings Institution. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2011/03_india_cohen_dasgupta.aspx">the original</a> on 9 March 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arms+Sales+for+India&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Stephen+and+Sunil+Dasgupta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Farticles%2F2011%2F03_india_cohen_dasgupta.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theindianhawk.com/2021/03/indigenisation-in-defence-indian.html">"Indigenisation in Defence"</a>. Defence News: Indian Defence News, IDRW, Indian Armed Forces, Indian Army, Indian Navy, Air Force. 2 March 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defence+News%3A+Indian+Defence+News%2C+IDRW%2C+Indian+Armed+Forces%2C+Indian+Army%2C+Indian+Navy%2C+Air+Force&rft.atitle=Indigenisation+in+Defence&rft.date=2021-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theindianhawk.com%2F2021%2F03%2Findigenisation-in-defence-indian.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/myindia/facts.php">Interesting facts about India</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071206014250/http://india.gov.in/myindia/facts.php">Archived</a> 6 December 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubweb.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp/indus/english/2_5_01.html">Maritime trade with the west</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611152017/http://pubweb.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp/indus/english/2_5_01.html">Archived</a> 11 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1345150.stm">"SOUTH ASIA – Indian seabed hides ancient remains"</a>. bbc.co.uk. 22 May 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080430013122/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1345150.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=SOUTH+ASIA+%E2%80%93+Indian+seabed+hides+ancient+remains&rft.date=2001-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F1345150.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100310172325/http://indiannavy.nic.in/history.htm">"History of the Indian Navy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiannavy.nic.in/history.htm">the original</a> on 10 March 2010. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Indian+Navy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiannavy.nic.in%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027173614/http://geocities.com/dakshina_kan_pa/art24/feb.htm">"DKPA : Stamp Calendar – Stamps Issued by India in February 2001"</a>. geocities.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geocities.com/dakshina_kan_pa/art24/feb.htm">the original</a> on 27 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=geocities.com&rft.atitle=DKPA+%3A+Stamp+Calendar+%E2%80%93+Stamps+Issued+by+India+in+February+2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeocities.com%2Fdakshina_kan_pa%2Fart24%2Ffeb.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indian_Army_List_39-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Indian_Army_List_39_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Indian Army List for October 1939. Government of India Press. 1939.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Army+List+for+October+1939&rft.pub=Government+of+India+Press&rft.date=1939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Navy_List_39-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Navy_List_39_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Navy_List_39_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Navy List for August 1939. HM Stationery Office. 1939. pp. 620–621.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Navy+List+for+August+1939&rft.pages=620-621&rft.pub=HM+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Air_Force_List_39-34"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Air_Force_List_39_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Air Force List for August 1939. HM Stationery Office. 1939. pp. 870–871.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Air+Force+List+for+August+1939&rft.pages=870-871&rft.pub=HM+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc.co.uk-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/colonies_colonials_01.shtml">"Colonies, Colonials and World War Two"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702084539/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/colonies_colonials_01.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colonies%2C+Colonials+and+World+War+Two&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fworldwars%2Fwwtwo%2Fcolonies_colonials_01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Air_Force_List_Jun40-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Air_Force_List_Jun40_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Air Force List: June 1940. HM Stationery Office. 1940. p. 702.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Air+Force+List%3A+June+1940&rft.pages=702&rft.pub=HM+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indian_Army_List_Jul42-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Indian_Army_List_Jul42_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Indian Army List for July 1942. Government of India Press. 1942. p. 1933.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Army+List+for+July+1942&rft.pages=1933&rft.pub=Government+of+India+Press&rft.date=1942&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Quarterly Army List: December 1946 (Part I). HM Stationery Office. 1946. pp. 132–A.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quarterly+Army+List%3A+December+1946+%28Part+I%29&rft.pages=132-A&rft.pub=HM+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Officers For India: Beginning of Big Changes". The Times. 30 May 1945.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Officers+For+India%3A+Beginning+of+Big+Changes&rft.date=1945-05-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Indian Forces: Gradual Elimination of European Officers". The Times. 23 October 1945.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Indian+Forces%3A+Gradual+Elimination+of+European+Officers&rft.date=1945-10-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1947-05-09_227.pdf">"First Indian Air Commodore - New Senior RIAF Appointments"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 15 May 1947. Retrieved 28 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+%E2%80%93+Archive&rft.atitle=First+Indian+Air+Commodore+-+New+Senior+RIAF+Appointments&rft.date=1947-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1947-05-09_227.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1947-07-21_321.pdf">"Higher Ranks for Indian Officers of the R.I.N."</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 21 July 1947. Retrieved 28 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+-+Archive&rft.atitle=Higher+Ranks+for+Indian+Officers+of+the+R.I.N.&rft.date=1947-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpibarchive.nic.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1947-07-21_321.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1947-07-30_330.pdf">"Press Communique"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. Retrieved 28 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+%E2%80%93+Archive&rft.atitle=Press+Communique&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpibarchive.nic.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1947-07-30_330.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reconstitution-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reconstitution_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reconstitution_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1947-07-11_310.pdf">"Reconstitution of the Armed Services"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 11 July 1947. Retrieved 2 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+%E2%80%93+Archive&rft.atitle=Reconstitution+of+the+Armed+Services&rft.date=1947-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1947-07-11_310.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1947-12-10_434.pdf">"Press Note"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 10 December 1947. Retrieved 2 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+%E2%80%93+Archive&rft.atitle=Press+Note&rft.date=1947-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1947-12-10_434.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1947-08-08_342.pdf">"Press Communique"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 8 August 1947. Retrieved 2 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+%E2%80%93+Archive&rft.atitle=Press+Communique&rft.date=1947-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1947-08-08_342.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1947-08-12_345.pdf">"Press Communique"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 12 August 1947. Retrieved 2 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+%E2%80%93+Archive&rft.atitle=Press+Communique&rft.date=1947-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1947-08-12_345.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Nationalization of Indian Army". The Times. 27 October 1948.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Nationalization+of+Indian+Army&rft.date=1948-10-27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1948-JAN-JUNE-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1948-04-06_199.pdf">"Press Note"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 6 April 1948. Retrieved 8 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+%E2%80%93+Archive&rft.atitle=Press+Note&rft.date=1948-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpibarchive.nic.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1948-JAN-JUNE-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1948-04-06_199.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/V._K._Singh" title="V. K. Singh">Singh, Vijay Kumar</a> (2005). Leadership in the Indian Army: Biographies of Twelve Soldiers. SAGE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-3322-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-3322-9"><bdi>978-0-7619-3322-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leadership+in+the+Indian+Army%3A+Biographies+of+Twelve+Soldiers&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-3322-9&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Vijay+Kumar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1949-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1949-02-01_035.pdf">"No More Class Composition in Indian Army"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 1 February 1949. Retrieved 16 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+%E2%80%93+Archive&rft.atitle=No+More+Class+Composition+in+Indian+Army&rft.date=1949-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpibarchive.nic.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1949-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1949-02-01_035.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-insignia-52"><a href="#cite_ref-insignia_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20807-BR/HOM-1950-01-06_484.pdf">"New Designs of Crests and Badges in the Services"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193914/http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20807-BR/HOM-1950-01-06_484.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+%E2%80%93+Archive&rft.atitle=New+Designs+of+Crests+and+Badges+in+the+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Farchive%2Fdocs%2FDVD_38%2FACC%2520NO%2520807-BR%2FHOM-1950-01-06_484.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1951-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1951-03-31_056.pdf">"Integration of States Forces"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 31 March 1951. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+%E2%80%93+Archive&rft.atitle=Integration+of+States+Forces&rft.date=1951-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1951-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1951-03-31_056.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/on-this-day-in-1961-here-s-how-india-liberated-goa-from-450-year-old-portuguese-rule-335926.html">"On This Day In 1961, Here's How India Liberated Goa From 450-Year-Old Portuguese Rule"</a>. IndiaTimes. 19 December 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndiaTimes&rft.atitle=On+This+Day+In+1961%2C+Here%27s+How+India+Liberated+Goa+From+450-Year-Old+Portuguese+Rule&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fon-this-day-in-1961-here-s-how-india-liberated-goa-from-450-year-old-portuguese-rule-335926.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wirsing-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Wirsing_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWirsing1991" class="citation book cs1">Wirsing, Robert (15 November 1991). Pakistan's security under Zia, 1977–1988: the policy imperatives of a peripheral Asian state. Palgrave Macmillan, 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-06067-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-06067-1"><bdi>978-0-312-06067-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%27s+security+under+Zia%2C+1977%E2%80%931988%3A+the+policy+imperatives+of+a+peripheral+Asian+state&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan%2C+1991&rft.date=1991-11-15&rft.isbn=978-0-312-06067-1&rft.aulast=Wirsing&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Child-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Child_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChild1998" class="citation book cs1">Child, Greg (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thinairencounter00chil">Thin air: encounters in the Himalayas</a>. The Mountaineers Books, 1998. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89886-588-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89886-588-2"><bdi>978-0-89886-588-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thin+air%3A+encounters+in+the+Himalayas&rft.pub=The+Mountaineers+Books%2C+1998&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-89886-588-2&rft.aulast=Child&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthinairencounter00chil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-57"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesmond/Kashmir1989" class="citation magazine cs1">Desmond/Kashmir, Edward W. (31 July 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114104526/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C958254-2%2C00.html">"The Himalayas War at the Top Of the World"</a>. Time. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,958254-2,00.html">the original</a> on 14 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Himalayas+War+at+the+Top+Of+the+World&rft.date=1989-07-31&rft.aulast=Desmond%2FKashmir&rft.aufirst=Edward+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C958254-2%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kapur-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Kapur_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapur2007" class="citation book cs1">Kapur, S. Paul (2007). Dangerous Deterrent: Nuclear Weapons Proliferation and Conflict in South Asia. Stanford University Press. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5550-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5550-4"><bdi>978-0-8047-5550-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dangerous+Deterrent%3A+Nuclear+Weapons+Proliferation+and+Conflict+in+South+Asia&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-5550-4&rft.aulast=Kapur&rft.aufirst=S.+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nextias.com/current-affairs/08-11-2022/cold-peace-between-india-and-pakistan">"Cold Peace between India and Pakistan - NEXT"</a>. NextIAS. 8 November 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NextIAS&rft.atitle=Cold+Peace+between+India+and+Pakistan+-+NEXT&rft.date=2022-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nextias.com%2Fcurrent-affairs%2F08-11-2022%2Fcold-peace-between-india-and-pakistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iclq-60"><a href="#cite_ref-iclq_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarasinghe1988" class="citation journal cs1">Marasinghe, M. L. (9 July 1988). "Ethnic Politics and Constitutional Reform: The Indo-Sri Lankan Accord". International & Comparative Law Quarterly. 37 (3): 551–587. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ficlqaj%2F37.3.551">10.1093/iclqaj/37.3.551</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+%26+Comparative+Law+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Politics+and+Constitutional+Reform%3A+The+Indo-Sri+Lankan+Accord&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=551-587&rft.date=1988-07-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ficlqaj%2F37.3.551&rft.aulast=Marasinghe&rft.aufirst=M.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007031445/http://telegraphindia.com/1111004/jsp/nation/story_14586060.jsp">"Military to expand strategic footprint Rejig to guard India interests"</a>. The Telegraph. Kolkota. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111004/jsp/nation/story_14586060.jsp">the original</a> on 7 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Military+to+expand+strategic+footprint+Rejig+to+guard+India+interests&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1111004%2Fjsp%2Fnation%2Fstory_14586060.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idsa.in/jds/2_1_2008_NeedforHolisticRestructuringoftheIndianMilitary_VOberoi">"Need for Holistic Restructuring of the Indian Military | Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses"</a>. www.idsa.in. Retrieved 3 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.idsa.in&rft.atitle=Need+for+Holistic+Restructuring+of+the+Indian+Military+%7C+Manohar+Parrikar+Institute+for+Defence+Studies+and+Analyses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idsa.in%2Fjds%2F2_1_2008_NeedforHolisticRestructuringoftheIndianMilitary_VOberoi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2019" class="citation cs2">Hall, Ian (25 September 2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/display/book/9781529204612/ch007.xml">"National Power and Regional Security"</a>, Modi and the Reinvention of Indian Foreign Policy, Bristol University Press, pp. 125–146, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5292-0461-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5292-0461-2"><bdi>978-1-5292-0461-2</bdi></a>, retrieved 3 July 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modi+and+the+Reinvention+of+Indian+Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=National+Power+and+Regional+Security&rft.pages=125-146&rft.date=2019-09-25&rft.isbn=978-1-5292-0461-2&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbristoluniversitypressdigital.com%2Fdisplay%2Fbook%2F9781529204612%2Fch007.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-has-emerged-as-a-regional-power-and-net-security-provider-in-the-indo-pacific-defence-minister/article66201456.ece">"India has emerged as a regional power and net security provider in the Indo-Pacific: Defence Minister"</a>. The Hindu. 29 November 2022. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. Retrieved 3 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=India+has+emerged+as+a+regional+power+and+net+security+provider+in+the+Indo-Pacific%3A+Defence+Minister&rft.date=2022-11-29&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Findia-has-emerged-as-a-regional-power-and-net-security-provider-in-the-indo-pacific-defence-minister%2Farticle66201456.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160405170925/http://www.presidentofindia.nic.in/about.htm">"About – The President of India"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://presidentofindia.nic.in/about.htm">the original</a> on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+%E2%80%93+The+President+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpresidentofindia.nic.in%2Fabout.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/admiral-karambir-singh-pvsm-avsm-adc-assumes-command-indian-navy-24th-chief-naval-staff">"Admiral Karambir Singh, PVSM, AVSM, ADC Assumes Command of the Indian Navy as 24th Chief of the Naval Staff | Indian Navy"</a>. www.indiannavy.nic.in.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.indiannavy.nic.in&rft.atitle=Admiral+Karambir+Singh%2C+PVSM%2C+AVSM%2C+ADC+Assumes+Command+of+the+Indian+Navy+as+24th+Chief+of+the+Naval+Staff+%7C+Indian+Navy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fadmiral-karambir-singh-pvsm-avsm-adc-assumes-command-indian-navy-24th-chief-naval-staff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianairforce.nic.in/content/air-chief-marshal-rks-bhadauria-takes-over-26th-chief-air-staff">"AIR CHIEF MARSHAL RKS BHADAURIA TAKES OVER AS THE 26TH CHIEF OF THE AIR STAFF | Indian Air Force | Government of India"</a>. indianairforce.nic.in.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indianairforce.nic.in&rft.atitle=AIR+CHIEF+MARSHAL+RKS+BHADAURIA+TAKES+OVER+AS+THE+26TH+CHIEF+OF+THE+AIR+STAFF+%7C+Indian+Air+Force+%7C+Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianairforce.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fair-chief-marshal-rks-bhadauria-takes-over-26th-chief-air-staff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921003625/http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_page.php?pg_id=13">"The Indian Air Force Today"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_page.php?pg_id=13">the original</a> on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Indian+Air+Force+Today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianairforce.nic.in%2Fshow_page.php%3Fpg_id%3D13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Economist-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_69-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21574458-india-poised-become-one-four-largest-military-powers-world-end?spc=scode&spv=xm&ah=9d7f7ab945510a56fa6d37c30b6f1709">"Know your own strength"</a>. The Economist. 30 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130402083831/http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21574458-india-poised-become-one-four-largest-military-powers-world-end?spc=scode&spv=xm&ah=9d7f7ab945510a56fa6d37c30b6f1709">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Know+your+own+strength&rft.date=2013-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fbriefing%2F21574458-india-poised-become-one-four-largest-military-powers-world-end%3Fspc%3Dscode%26spv%3Dxm%26ah%3D9d7f7ab945510a56fa6d37c30b6f1709&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slideshare.net/amitabha.ghosh/redoctrinisation-of-the-indian-armed-forces">"Redoctrinisation of the Indian Armed Forces"</a>. Slideshare.net. 16 July 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091128214946/http://www.slideshare.net/amitabha.ghosh/redoctrinisation-of-the-indian-armed-forces">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Redoctrinisation+of+the+Indian+Armed+Forces&rft.pub=Slideshare.net&rft.date=2009-07-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Famitabha.ghosh%2Fredoctrinisation-of-the-indian-armed-forces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=30827">"Book on Customs & Etiquettes in the Services Released"</a>. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 3 September 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117183848/http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=30827">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+on+Customs+%26+Etiquettes+in+the+Services+Released&rft.pub=Press+Information+Bureau%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=2007-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Frelease%2Frelease.asp%3Frelid%3D30827&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713003215/http://www.idyb.com/imr/about_us.php">"About Us"</a>. Indian Military Review. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idyb.com/imr/about_us.php">the original</a> on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us&rft.pub=Indian+Military+Review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idyb.com%2Fimr%2Fabout_us.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=48363">"Press Information Bureau"</a>. pib.nic.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512173033/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=48363">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pib.nic.in&rft.atitle=Press+Information+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Fnewsite%2Ferelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D48363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idsa.in/idsastrategiccomments/IndiaBrazilSouthAfricaTangoatSea_GSKhurana_160508">India-Brasil-South Africa ‘Tango’ at Sea | Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721163150/http://www.idsa.in/idsastrategiccomments/IndiaBrazilSouthAfricaTangoatSea_GSKhurana_160508">Archived</a> 21 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Idsa.in (16 May 2008). Retrieved 6 January 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Anil K. Joseph <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014181818/http://tribuneindia.com/2007/20070417/main8.htm">Indian Navy holds joint drills with top naval powers</a>. The Tribune. 17 April 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200903201879.htm">India to take part in China's International Fleet Review</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101116043252/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200903201879.htm">Archived</a> 16 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Hindu. (20 March 2009). Retrieved 6 January 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rupe-india.org/61/rising.html">"Aspects of India's Economy Remembering Socialist China, 1949–1976"</a>. rupe-india.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110326/jsp/nation/story_13768094.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rupe-india.org&rft.atitle=Aspects+of+India%27s+Economy+Remembering+Socialist+China%2C+1949%E2%80%931976&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frupe-india.org%2F61%2Frising.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318162819/http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2015-16/eb/stat02.pdf">"Indian Expenditure Budget Vol. I, 2015–2016"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2015-16/eb/stat02.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Expenditure+Budget+Vol.+I%2C+2015%E2%80%932016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiabudget.nic.in%2Fub2015-16%2Feb%2Fstat02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPTI2016" class="citation web cs1">PTI (29 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livemint.com/Politics/rpELLMPvJG0oVf6bLWnlGN/Union-Budget-201617-MHA-gets-Rs7738312-crore-a-2456-h.html">"Union Budget 2016–17: MHA gets Rs 77,383.12 crore, a 24.56% hike"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160719042112/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/rpELLMPvJG0oVf6bLWnlGN/Union-Budget-201617-MHA-gets-Rs7738312-crore-a-2456-h.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Union+Budget+2016%E2%80%9317%3A+MHA+gets+Rs+77%2C383.12+crore%2C+a+24.56%25+hike&rft.date=2016-02-29&rft.au=PTI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2FPolitics%2FrpELLMPvJG0oVf6bLWnlGN%2FUnion-Budget-201617-MHA-gets-Rs7738312-crore-a-2456-h.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen-80"><a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_80-0">^</a> Cohen, Stephen P. and Sunil Dasgupta, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brookings.edu/papers/2010/09_india_cohen_dasgupta.aspx">"The Drag on India's Military Growth"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101223192202/http://www.brookings.edu/papers/2010/09_india_cohen_dasgupta.aspx">Archived</a> 23 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brookings.edu/">The Brookings Institution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060210001401/https://www.brookings.edu/">Archived</a> 10 February 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, September 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-afp-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-afp_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-afp_81-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614130735/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gdFSFPrb5Joog62Xna7seGc5h2og?docId=CNG.78ebb96f24b87291c30fc84ff624c48a.8f1">"India's military weakness"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gdFSFPrb5Joog62Xna7seGc5h2og?docId=CNG.78ebb96f24b87291c30fc84ff624c48a.8f1">the original</a> on 14 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%27s+military+weakness&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5gdFSFPrb5Joog62Xna7seGc5h2og%3FdocId%3DCNG.78ebb96f24b87291c30fc84ff624c48a.8f1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025221333/http://www.sarkaritel.com/defence-budget-high-on-rhetoric-weak-in-modernising">"Defence Budget: HIGH ON RHETORIC, WEAK IN MODERNISING"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarkaritel.com/defence-budget-high-on-rhetoric-weak-in-modernising">the original</a> on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Defence+Budget%3A+HIGH+ON+RHETORIC%2C+WEAK+IN+MODERNISING&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarkaritel.com%2Fdefence-budget-high-on-rhetoric-weak-in-modernising&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nwc.navy.mil/press/Review/2006/spring/art3-sp06.htm">INDIA IN THE INDIAN OCEAN by Donald L. Berlin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061212011148/http://www.nwc.navy.mil/press/Review/2006/spring/art3-sp06.htm">Archived</a> 12 December 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Naval War College Review, Spring 2006, Vol. 59, No. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4237578.stm">"India's navy in .8bn sub deal"</a>. BBC News. 12 September 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110127103903/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4237578.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=India%27s+navy+in+.8bn+sub+deal&rft.date=2005-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F4237578.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShalini_Singh2009" class="citation web cs1">Shalini Singh (22 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Govt-plans-Rs-10000cr-dedicated-telecom-network-for-armed-forces/articleshow/4921054.cms">"Govt plans Rs 10,000cr dedicated telecom network for armed forces – India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811135457/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-22/india/28157805_1_ofc-telecom-network-defence-forces">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Govt+plans+Rs+10%2C000cr+dedicated+telecom+network+for+armed+forces+%E2%80%93+India&rft.date=2009-08-22&rft.au=Shalini+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FGovt-plans-Rs-10000cr-dedicated-telecom-network-for-armed-forces%2Farticleshow%2F4921054.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IISS_2010,_pp._358-86"><a href="#cite_ref-IISS_2010,_pp._358_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIISS2010">IISS 2010</a>, pp. 358 </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322014718/http://mod.nic.in/reports/report01/cap11.pdf">"Resettlement and welfare of ex-servicemen"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mod.nic.in/reports/report01/cap11.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 22 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resettlement+and+welfare+of+ex-servicemen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmod.nic.in%2Freports%2Freport01%2Fcap11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1780096">"Representation of Women In Defence Forces"</a>. Press Information Bureau of India. 15 August 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India&rft.atitle=Representation+of+Women+In+Defence+Forces&rft.date=2021-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpib.gov.in%2FPressReleasePage.aspx%3FPRID%3D1780096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1998-JULY-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1998-09-30_177.pdf">"Military Nursing Service Day"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 30 September 1998. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+-+Archive&rft.atitle=Military+Nursing+Service+Day&rft.date=1998-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1998-JULY-DEC-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1998-09-30_177.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-permanent-93"><a href="#cite_ref-permanent_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1958-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1958-10-29_165.pdf">"Permanent Commissions for Women Doctors in the Army"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 29 October 1958. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+-+Archive&rft.atitle=Permanent+Commissions+for+Women+Doctors+in+the+Army&rft.date=1958-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1958-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1958-10-29_165.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1976-JAN-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1976-10-23_242.pdf">"Indian Navy's First Lady Commander"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 22 October 1976. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+-+Archive&rft.atitle=Indian+Navy%27s+First+Lady+Commander&rft.date=1976-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpibarchive.nic.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1976-JAN-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1976-10-23_242.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1976-JAN-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1976-08-30_194.pdf">"India's First Woman General"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 30 August 1976. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+-+Archive&rft.atitle=India%27s+First+Woman+General&rft.date=1976-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpibarchive.nic.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1976-JAN-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1976-08-30_194.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TNIE-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TNIE_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNIE_96-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/feb/18/army-looks-at-change-to-accommodate-women-2104963.html">"Army looks at change to accommodate women"</a>. The New Indian Express. 16 February 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Army+looks+at+change+to+accommodate+women&rft.date=2020-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fnation%2F2020%2Ffeb%2F18%2Farmy-looks-at-change-to-accommodate-women-2104963.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1992-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1992-11-27_285.pdf">"First Batch of Navy Women to Pass Out"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 27 November 1992. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+-+Archive&rft.atitle=First+Batch+of+Navy+Women+to+Pass+Out&rft.date=1992-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1992-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1992-11-27_285.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1995-DEFENCE%20(2)/PDF/DEF-1995-10-08_080.pdf">"The Indian Air Force - Historical Perspective"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 8 October 1995. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+-+Archive&rft.atitle=The+Indian+Air+Force+-+Historical+Perspective&rft.date=1995-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1995-DEFENCE%2520%282%29%2FPDF%2FDEF-1995-10-08_080.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/FEATURE/1997-%20FEATURE%20JAN%20DEC%20NO37/PDF/FEA-1997-08-08_163.pdf">"Defence Nuggets - I"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 8 August 1997. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+-+Archive&rft.atitle=Defence+Nuggets+-+I&rft.date=1997-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FFEATURE%2F1997-%2520FEATURE%2520JAN%2520DEC%2520NO37%2FPDF%2FFEA-1997-08-08_163.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1995-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1995-05-17_102.pdf">"Recruitment Of Women Officers In Armed Forces"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 17 May 1995. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+-+Archive&rft.atitle=Recruitment+Of+Women+Officers+In+Armed+Forces&rft.date=1995-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1995-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1995-05-17_102.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1999-JAN-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1999-03-18_153.pdf">"New Initiatives in Defence"</a> (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 18 March 1999. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+-+Archive&rft.atitle=New+Initiatives+in+Defence&rft.date=1999-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1999-JAN-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1999-03-18_153.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=3623">"First Lady Lt Gen of Indian Army"</a>. Press Information Bureau of India. 31 August 2004. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India&rft.atitle=First+Lady+Lt+Gen+of+Indian+Army&rft.date=2004-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Fnewsite%2FPrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D3623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=77676">"Women In Defence Forces"</a>. Press Information Bureau of India. 28 November 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India&rft.atitle=Women+In+Defence+Forces&rft.date=2011-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Fnewsite%2FPrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D77676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IISS_2012-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IISS_2012_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IISS_2012_104-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IISS_2012_104-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFIISS2012">IISS 2012</a>, pp. 243–248 </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_105-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_105-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_105-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_105-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_105-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_105-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_105-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_105-8">i</a> <a href="#CITEREFIISS2020">IISS 2020</a>, p. ? </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808200948/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/EnglAnnualReport2016-17_17042017.pdf">"MHA Annual Report 2016–2017"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/EnglAnnualReport2016-17_17042017.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MHA+Annual+Report+2016%E2%80%932017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmha.nic.in%2Fsites%2Fupload_files%2Fmha%2Ffiles%2FEnglAnnualReport2016-17_17042017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191130002632/http://www.bsf.nic.in/en/introduction.html">"Border Security Force"</a>. bsf.nic.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bsf.nic.in/en/introduction.html">the original</a> on 30 November 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bsf.nic.in&rft.atitle=Border+Security+Force&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbsf.nic.in%2Fen%2Fintroduction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://itbpolice.nic.in/itbpwebsite/Aboutus_new/history&role/htmnav.html">"Home | Indo Tibetan Border Police, Ministry of Home Affairs"</a>. itbpolice.nic.in. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=itbpolice.nic.in&rft.atitle=Home+%26%23124%3B+Indo+Tibetan+Border+Police%2C+Ministry+of+Home+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fitbpolice.nic.in%2Fitbpwebsite%2FAboutus_new%2Fhistory%26role%2Fhtmnav.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190728111312/https://www.ssb.nic.in/index1.aspx?lsid=38&lev=2&lid=10&langid=1&Cid=0">"Role- SSB Ministry Of Home Affairs, Govt. Of India"</a>. ssb.nic.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssb.nic.in/index1.aspx?lsid=38&lev=2&lid=10&langid=1&Cid=0">the original</a> on 28 July 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ssb.nic.in&rft.atitle=Role-+SSB+Ministry+Of+Home+Affairs%2C+Govt.+Of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssb.nic.in%2Findex1.aspx%3Flsid%3D38%26lev%3D2%26lid%3D10%26langid%3D1%26Cid%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIISS2018-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIISS2018_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIISS2018">IISS 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIISS2019-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIISS2019_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIISS2019_111-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFIISS2019">IISS 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://joinindianarmy.nic.in/Authentication.aspx">"Join Indian Army"</a>. joinindianarmy.nic.in. Retrieved 6 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=joinindianarmy.nic.in&rft.atitle=Join+Indian+Army.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjoinindianarmy.nic.in%2FAuthentication.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIISS2014-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIISS2014_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIISS2014">IISS 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-yn6j-114"><a href="#cite_ref-yn6j_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.news.yahoo.com/gaya-officers-training-academy-poised-conduct-maiden-passing-071715440.html">"Gaya Officers Training Academy poised to conduct maiden passing out parade"</a>. Yahoo News. 6 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130204134318/http://in.news.yahoo.com/gaya-officers-training-academy-poised-conduct-maiden-passing-071715440.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=Gaya+Officers+Training+Academy+poised+to+conduct+maiden+passing+out+parade&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fin.news.yahoo.com%2Fgaya-officers-training-academy-poised-conduct-maiden-passing-071715440.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-toi10f-115"><a href="#cite_ref-toi10f_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Gaya-to-get-Armys-second-Officers-Training-Academy-/articleshow/5585042.cms">"Gaya to get Army's second Officers Training Academy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 10 February 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110916151403/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-18/india/28144782_1_ssc-officers-navy-and-iaf-officers-training-academy">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Gaya+to+get+Army%27s+second+Officers+Training+Academy&rft.date=2010-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FGaya-to-get-Armys-second-Officers-Training-Academy-%2Farticleshow%2F5585042.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819040307/http://164.100.158.23/notifications.htm?isjco=1">"Notifications | Join Indian Army"</a>. 164.100.158.23. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://164.100.158.23/notifications.htm?isjco=1">the original</a> on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=164.100.158.23&rft.atitle=Notifications+%7C+Join+Indian+Army&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F164.100.158.23%2Fnotifications.htm%3Fisjco%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131219040759/http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/09/stories/2008070955191000.htm">"Making the water boil in Afghanistan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 9 July 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/09/stories/2008070955191000.htm">the original</a> on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Making+the+water+boil+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2008-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2008%2F07%2F09%2Fstories%2F2008070955191000.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurasianet.org/node/64694">"India Reportedly Basing Helicopters, Fighter Jets in Tajikistan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002161023/http://www.eurasianet.org/node/64694">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+Reportedly+Basing+Helicopters%2C+Fighter+Jets+in+Tajikistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurasianet.org%2Fnode%2F64694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110326/jsp/nation/story_13768094.jsp">"India air base grounded in Tajikistan"</a>. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+air+base+grounded+in+Tajikistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FSouth_Asia%2FLL01Df02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/india-to-provide-choppers-to-tajikistan_853360.html">"India to provide choppers to Tajikistan"</a>. 6 June 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131003203255/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/india-to-provide-choppers-to-tajikistan_853360.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+to+provide+choppers+to+Tajikistan&rft.date=2013-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Findia-to-provide-choppers-to-tajikistan_853360.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idsa-india.org/an-aug-700.html">"Indo-Israel Military Cooperation"</a>. idsa-india.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150701215447/http://www.idsa-india.org/an-aug-700.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=idsa-india.org&rft.atitle=Indo-Israel+Military+Cooperation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idsa-india.org%2Fan-aug-700.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020405/edit.htm#5">"The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Editorial"</a>. The Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170420170339/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020405/edit.htm#5">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tribune&rft.atitle=The+Tribune%2C+Chandigarh%2C+India+%E2%80%93+Editorial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F2002%2F20020405%2Fedit.htm%235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/india/126.htm">"India – Nepal"</a>. countrystudies.us. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161230090533/http://countrystudies.us/india/126.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=countrystudies.us&rft.atitle=India+%E2%80%93+Nepal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Findia%2F126.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BI-124"><a href="#cite_ref-BI_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bt0078)">"Indo-Bhutanese relations"</a>. loc.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110326/jsp/nation/story_13768094.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=loc.gov&rft.atitle=Indo-Bhutanese+relations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr%3Ffrd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID%2Bbt0078%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/news/India-bringing-Maldives-into-its-security-net/501583">"India bringing Maldives into its security net"</a>. The Indian Express. 13 August 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091015082349/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/india-bringing-maldives-into-its-security-net/501583/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=India+bringing+Maldives+into+its+security+net&rft.date=2009-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2FIndia-bringing-Maldives-into-its-security-net%2F501583&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100301213612/http://blogs.reuters.com/pakistan/2008/10/25/india-japan-in-security-pact-a-new-architecture-for-asia/">"India, Japan in security pact; a new architecture for Asia?"</a>. Reuters. 25 October 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.reuters.com/pakistan/2008/10/25/india-japan-in-security-pact-a-new-architecture-for-asia/">the original</a> on 1 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=India%2C+Japan+in+security+pact%3B+a+new+architecture+for+Asia%3F&rft.date=2008-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.reuters.com%2Fpakistan%2F2008%2F10%2F25%2Findia-japan-in-security-pact-a-new-architecture-for-asia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshok_Sharma2015" class="citation web cs1">Ashok Sharma (17 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/whats-behind-the-new-us-india-defense-pact-42944">"What's behind the new US-India Defense Pact?"</a>. The Conversation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150619133827/http://theconversation.com/whats-behind-the-new-us-india-defense-pact-42944">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=What%27s+behind+the+new+US-India+Defense+Pact%3F&rft.date=2015-06-17&rft.au=Ashok+Sharma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fwhats-behind-the-new-us-india-defense-pact-42944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306094846/http://www.idea.int/asia_pacific/burma/upload/chap4.pdf">"India–Burma relations"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idea.int/asia_pacific/burma/upload/chap4.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%E2%80%93Burma+relations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idea.int%2Fasia_pacific%2Fburma%2Fupload%2Fchap4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aseanaffairs.com/page/india-myanmar/ties%20india%20to%20sign%20pact%20to%20develop%20myanmar%20port">"INDIA-MYANMAR/TIES India to sign pact to develop Myanmar port"</a>. Aseanaffairs.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707173435/http://www.aseanaffairs.com/page/india-myanmar/ties%20india%20to%20sign%20pact%20to%20develop%20myanmar%20port">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INDIA-MYANMAR%2FTIES+India+to+sign+pact+to+develop+Myanmar+port&rft.pub=Aseanaffairs.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aseanaffairs.com%2Fpage%2Findia-myanmar%2Fties%2520india%2520to%2520sign%2520pact%2520to%2520develop%2520myanmar%2520port&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNistula_Hebbar2015" class="citation news cs1">Nistula Hebbar (17 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/india-and-uae-announce-strategic-partnership-front-against-terrorism/article7550820.ece">"India and UAE announce strategic partnership, front against terrorism"</a>. The Hindu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117183847/http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/india-and-uae-announce-strategic-partnership-front-against-terrorism/article7550820.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=India+and+UAE+announce+strategic+partnership%2C+front+against+terrorism&rft.date=2015-08-17&rft.au=Nistula+Hebbar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Findia-and-uae-announce-strategic-partnership-front-against-terrorism%2Farticle7550820.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101020182739/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/12/stories/2008111258230100.htm">"Front Page: Navy foils bid to hijack Indian ship in Gulf of Aden"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 12 November 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/12/stories/2008111258230100.htm">the original</a> on 20 October 2010. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Front+Page%3A+Navy+foils+bid+to+hijack+Indian+ship+in+Gulf+of+Aden&rft.date=2008-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2008%2F11%2F12%2Fstories%2F2008111258230100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ptinews.com/pti%5Cptisite.nsf/0/AC643928791FF4F2652574FE00466484?OpenDocument">Indian Defence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Press_Trust_of_India" title="Press Trust of India">PTI News</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Defence&rft.pub=PTI+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ptinews.com%2Fpti%255Cptisite.nsf%2F0%2FAC643928791FF4F2652574FE00466484%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988">.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2013/08/16/indias-growing-military-diplomacy/">"India's Growing Military Diplomacy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827025042/https://thediplomat.com/2013/08/16/indias-growing-military-diplomacy/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%27s+Growing+Military+Diplomacy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2013%2F08%2F16%2Findias-growing-military-diplomacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-singapore-sign-fresh-pact-on-army-training/article4781728.ece">"India, Singapore sign fresh pact on Army training"</a>. The Hindu. 4 June 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012064110/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-singapore-sign-fresh-pact-on-army-training/article4781728.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=India%2C+Singapore+sign+fresh+pact+on+Army+training&rft.date=2013-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Findia-singapore-sign-fresh-pact-on-army-training%2Farticle4781728.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Studies2023-135"><a href="#cite_ref-Studies2023_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIISS2020">IISS 2020</a>, pp. 269–275 </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/the-making-of-a-field-marshall/">"The Making of a Field Marshal"</a>. Indian Defence Review. 5 May 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Defence+Review&rft.atitle=The+Making+of+a+Field+Marshal&rft.date=2022-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiandefencereview.com%2Fspotlights%2Fthe-making-of-a-field-marshall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/festivals/km-cariappa-jayanti-2024-who-was-k-m-cariappa-the-first-field-marshal-of-india-101706338662325.html">"K.M Cariappa Jayanti 2024: Who was K.M Cariappa, the first field Marshal of India?"</a>. Hindustan times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+times&rft.atitle=K.M+Cariappa+Jayanti+2024%3A+Who+was+K.M+Cariappa%2C+the+first+field+Marshal+of+India%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Flifestyle%2Ffestivals%2Fkm-cariappa-jayanti-2024-who-was-k-m-cariappa-the-first-field-marshal-of-india-101706338662325.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/un-honours-indian-peacekeeper-posthumously-for-sacrifice-in-line-of-duty-101717119534294.html">"UN honours Indian Peacekeeper posthumously for sacrifice in line of duty"</a>. Hindustan times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+times&rft.atitle=UN+honours+Indian+Peacekeeper+posthumously+for+sacrifice+in+line+of+duty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fun-honours-indian-peacekeeper-posthumously-for-sacrifice-in-line-of-duty-101717119534294.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNawaz2008" class="citation cs2">Nawaz, Shuja (May 2008), "The First Kashmir War Revisited", India Review, 7 (2): 115–154, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14736480802055455">10.1080/14736480802055455</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155030407">155030407</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Review&rft.atitle=The+First+Kashmir+War+Revisited&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=115-154&rft.date=2008-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14736480802055455&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155030407%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Nawaz&rft.aufirst=Shuja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=nmnz/S66ueKkrJc8PBO1kw==&ParentID=z2xdy5FtH8G+oZz4hw/CKg==">"Hyderabad Police Action"</a>. Indian Army. Retrieved 13 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hyderabad+Police+Action&rft.pub=Indian+Army&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianarmy.nic.in%2FSite%2FFormTemplete%2FfrmTempSimple.aspx%3FMnId%3Dnmnz%2FS66ueKkrJc8PBO1kw%3D%3D%26ParentID%3Dz2xdy5FtH8G%2BoZz4hw%2FCKg%3D%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarver" class="citation book cs1">Garver, John. China's Decision for War with India in 1962.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Decision+for+War+with+India+in+1962&rft.aulast=Garver&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/indian-army-raising-new-special-forces-battalion_715382.html">"Indian Army raising new special forces battalion"</a>. 26 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005034014/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/indian-army-raising-new-special-forces-battalion_715382.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Army+raising+new+special+forces+battalion&rft.date=2011-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Findian-army-raising-new-special-forces-battalion_715382.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defence.pk/forums/indian-defence/61300-indian-army-navy-seek-permission-set-up-marine-brigade.html">"Indian Army and Navy Seek Permission to Set Up Marine Brigade"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004222646/http://www.defence.pk/forums/indian-defence/61300-indian-army-navy-seek-permission-set-up-marine-brigade.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Army+and+Navy+Seek+Permission+to+Set+Up+Marine+Brigade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defence.pk%2Fforums%2Findian-defence%2F61300-indian-army-navy-seek-permission-set-up-marine-brigade.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idsa.in/jds/2_1_2008_NeedforHolisticRestructuringoftheIndianMilitary_VOberoi">"Need for Holistic Restructuring of the Indian Military | Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses"</a>. idsa.in.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=idsa.in&rft.atitle=Need+for+Holistic+Restructuring+of+the+Indian+Military+%7C+Institute+for+Defence+Studies+and+Analyses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidsa.in%2Fjds%2F2_1_2008_NeedforHolisticRestructuringoftheIndianMilitary_VOberoi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Army-chief-reviews-mountain-strike-corps/articleshow/34795843.cms">"Army chief reviews mountain strike corps"</a>. The Times of India. 8 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903000724/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Army-chief-reviews-mountain-strike-corps/articleshow/34795843.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Army+chief+reviews+mountain+strike+corps&rft.date=2014-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FArmy-chief-reviews-mountain-strike-corps%2Farticleshow%2F34795843.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma2023" class="citation web cs1">Sharma, Ritu (2 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurasiantimes.com/indias-20b-mother-of-all-defense-deals-for-114-multi-role/">"India's $20B 'Mother Of All Defense Deals' For 114 Multi-Role Fighter Aircraft Get Entangled In Red Tape?"</a>. Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News. Retrieved 3 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Latest+Asian%2C+Middle-East%2C+EurAsian%2C+Indian+News&rft.atitle=India%27s+%2420B+%27Mother+Of+All+Defense+Deals%27+For+114+Multi-Role+Fighter+Aircraft+Get+Entangled+In+Red+Tape%3F&rft.date=2023-12-02&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Ritu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurasiantimes.com%2Findias-20b-mother-of-all-defense-deals-for-114-multi-role%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ladwig2-147"><a href="#cite_ref-Ladwig2_147-0">^</a> Walter C. Ladwig III <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadwig_Iii2015" class="citation journal cs1">Ladwig Iii, Walter C (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walterladwig.com/Articles/Conventional%20Deterrence%20in%20South%20Asia.pdf">"Indian Military Modernization and Conventional Deterrence in South Asia"</a> (PDF). Journal of Strategic Studies. 38 (5): 729–772. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01402390.2015.1014473">10.1080/01402390.2015.1014473</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216088396">216088396</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Strategic+Studies&rft.atitle=Indian+Military+Modernization+and+Conventional+Deterrence+in+South+Asia&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=729-772&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01402390.2015.1014473&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A216088396%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ladwig+Iii&rft.aufirst=Walter+C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walterladwig.com%2FArticles%2FConventional%2520Deterrence%2520in%2520South%2520Asia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Arjun-MK-II-user-trials-kicked-off-in-Rajasthan/articleshow/21803800.cms">"Arjun MK-II user trials kicked off in Rajasthan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 13 August 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130817185737/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-13/india/41371931_1_arjun-mbt-drdo-development-establishment">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Arjun+MK-II+user+trials+kicked+off+in+Rajasthan&rft.date=2013-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FArjun-MK-II-user-trials-kicked-off-in-Rajasthan%2Farticleshow%2F21803800.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army-technology.com/news/newsindian-army-upgrade-bmp-22k-infantry-fighting-vehicle-fleet">"Indian Army set to upgrade BMP-2/2K infantry fighting vehicle fleet"</a>. 6 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927171220/http://www.army-technology.com/news/newsindian-army-upgrade-bmp-22k-infantry-fighting-vehicle-fleet">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Army+set+to+upgrade+BMP-2%2F2K+infantry+fighting+vehicle+fleet&rft.date=2013-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army-technology.com%2Fnews%2Fnewsindian-army-upgrade-bmp-22k-infantry-fighting-vehicle-fleet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunnigan" class="citation web cs1">Dunnigan, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategypage.com/dls/articles/India-Joins-The-M-777-Club-9-8-2013.asp">"India Joins The M-777 Club"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005012940/http://www.strategypage.com/dls/articles/India-Joins-The-M-777-Club-9-8-2013.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+Joins+The+M-777+Club&rft.aulast=Dunnigan&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strategypage.com%2Fdls%2Farticles%2FIndia-Joins-The-M-777-Club-9-8-2013.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army-technology.com/projects/pinaka-multibarrel-rocket-launch-system-indian-army/">"Pinaka Multibarrel Rocket Launch (MBRL) System, India"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215755/http://www.army-technology.com/projects/pinaka-multibarrel-rocket-launch-system-indian-army/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pinaka+Multibarrel+Rocket+Launch+%28MBRL%29+System%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Fpinaka-multibarrel-rocket-launch-system-indian-army%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-st22a13-152"><a href="#cite_ref-st22a13_152-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220531/http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5055142784656506184&SectionId=5171561142064258099SectionName%3DPune&NewsTitle=Pinaka%20rocket%20system%20wins%20DRDO%20award">"Pinaka rocket system wins DRDO award"</a>. Sakaal Times. 22 April 2013. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sakaal+Times&rft.atitle=Pinaka+rocket+system+wins+DRDO+award&rft.date=2013-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sakaaltimes.com%2FNewsDetails.aspx%3FNewsId%3D5055142784656506184%26SectionId%3D5171561142064258099SectionName%3DPune%26NewsTitle%3DPinaka%2520rocket%2520system%2520wins%2520DRDO%2520award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-jj25m13-153"><a href="#cite_ref-jj25m13_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/union-government-cleared-1500-crore-rupees-proposal-for-pinaka-rockets-1364198034-1">"Union Government cleared 1500 crore Rupees Proposal for Pinaka Rockets"</a>. Jagran Josh. 25 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130808185501/http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/union-government-cleared-1500-crore-rupees-proposal-for-pinaka-rockets-1364198034-1">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jagran+Josh&rft.atitle=Union+Government+cleared+1500+crore+Rupees+Proposal+for+Pinaka+Rockets&rft.date=2013-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagranjosh.com%2Fcurrent-affairs%2Funion-government-cleared-1500-crore-rupees-proposal-for-pinaka-rockets-1364198034-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatoch" class="citation web cs1">Katoch, Prakash. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiandefencereview.com/news/modernisation-of-the-indian-infantry/">"Modernisation of the Indian Infantry"</a>. Indian Defense Review. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005014054/http://www.indiandefencereview.com/news/modernisation-of-the-indian-infantry/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Defense+Review&rft.atitle=Modernisation+of+the+Indian+Infantry&rft.aulast=Katoch&rft.aufirst=Prakash&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiandefencereview.com%2Fnews%2Fmodernisation-of-the-indian-infantry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShukla2013" class="citation news cs1">Shukla, Ajai (12 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/army-kicks-off-high-tech-digital-soldier-project-113111100986_1.html">"Army kicks off high-tech 'digital soldier' project"</a>. Business Standard India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111184819/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/army-kicks-off-high-tech-digital-soldier-project-113111100986_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard+India&rft.atitle=Army+kicks+off+high-tech+%27digital+soldier%27+project&rft.date=2013-11-12&rft.aulast=Shukla&rft.aufirst=Ajai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fcurrent-affairs%2Farmy-kicks-off-high-tech-digital-soldier-project-113111100986_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defenseworld.net/news/11907/Indian_Army_to_Break_up_Future_Soldier_Program_into_Two_Parts">"Indian Army to Break up Future Soldier Program into Two Parts"</a>. defenseworld.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170212014639/http://www.defenseworld.net/news/11907/Indian_Army_to_Break_up_Future_Soldier_Program_into_Two_Parts">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=defenseworld.net&rft.atitle=Indian+Army+to+Break+up+Future+Soldier+Program+into+Two+Parts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseworld.net%2Fnews%2F11907%2FIndian_Army_to_Break_up_Future_Soldier_Program_into_Two_Parts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TOI28089355-157"><a href="#cite_ref-TOI28089355_157-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKulkarni2009" class="citation web cs1">Kulkarni, Prasad (30 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Special-force-to-get-training-at-INS-Shivaji/articleshow/5178079.cms">"Special force to get training at INS Shivaji –"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025121111/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-30/pune/28089355_1_simulators-ins-shivaji-training">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Special+force+to+get+training+at+INS+Shivaji+%E2%80%93&rft.date=2009-10-30&rft.aulast=Kulkarni&rft.aufirst=Prasad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpune%2FSpecial-force-to-get-training-at-INS-Shivaji%2Farticleshow%2F5178079.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPubby2009" class="citation web cs1">Pubby, Manu (1 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/news/govt-orders-coastal-security-restructuring/429319/0">"Govt orders coastal security restructuring"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a>. Retrieved 18 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Govt+orders+coastal+security+restructuring&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft.aulast=Pubby&rft.aufirst=Manu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fgovt-orders-coastal-security-restructuring%2F429319%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2007–2008" class="citation journal cs1">Scott, Dr. David (Winter 2007–2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528002213/http://www.jmss.org/2008/winter/articles/scott.pdf">"India's drive for a 'blue water' navy"</a> (PDF). Journal of Military and Strategic Studies. 10 (2). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jmss.org/2008/winter/articles/scott.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Military+and+Strategic+Studies&rft.atitle=India%27s+drive+for+a+%27blue+water%27+navy&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2007%2F2008&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Dr.+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jmss.org%2F2008%2Fwinter%2Farticles%2Fscott.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ladwig-160"><a href="#cite_ref-Ladwig_160-0">^</a> Walter C. Ladwig III <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160212195021/http://users.ox.ac.uk/~mert1769/Indian%20Naval%20Expansion.pdf">"Drivers of Indian Naval Expansion"</a> (PDF). The Rise of the Indian Navy: Internal Vulnerabilities, External Challenges. Ashgate. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.ox.ac.uk/~mert1769/Indian%20Naval%20Expansion.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Rise+of+the+Indian+Navy%3A+Internal+Vulnerabilities%2C+External+Challenges&rft.atitle=Drivers+of+Indian+Naval+Expansion&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.ox.ac.uk%2F~mert1769%2FIndian%2520Naval%2520Expansion.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/After-5-year-delay-Navy-gets-INS-Vikramaditya/articleshow/25911949.cms">"After 5-year delay, Navy gets INS Vikramaditya"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 17 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131119062107/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-17/india/44161814_1_ins-vikramaditya-viraat-warship">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=After+5-year+delay%2C+Navy+gets+INS+Vikramaditya&rft.date=2013-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FAfter-5-year-delay-Navy-gets-INS-Vikramaditya%2Farticleshow%2F25911949.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110326/jsp/nation/story_13768094.jsp">"First Scorpene submarine would be ready by 2014: French envoy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-04-13/news/38511459_1_indian-navy-six-scorpene-submarines-french-firm-dcns">the original</a> on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Scorpene+submarine+would+be+ready+by+2014%3A+French+envoy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.economictimes.indiatimes.com%2F2013-04-13%2Fnews%2F38511459_1_indian-navy-six-scorpene-submarines-french-firm-dcns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/ain-defense-perspective/2013-08-23/indian-navy-requests-new-patrol-aircraft">"Indian Navy Requests New Patrol Aircraft"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002112804/http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/ain-defense-perspective/2013-08-23/indian-navy-requests-new-patrol-aircraft">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Navy+Requests+New+Patrol+Aircraft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ainonline.com%2Faviation-news%2Fain-defense-perspective%2F2013-08-23%2Findian-navy-requests-new-patrol-aircraft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htada/20130807.aspx">"Barak Gets Bigger And Better"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234602/http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htada/20130807.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barak+Gets+Bigger+And+Better&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.strategypage.com%2Fhtmw%2Fhtada%2F20130807.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallikarjun2012" class="citation news cs1">Mallikarjun, Y. (5 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nuclearcapable-dhanush-successfully-testfired/article3968040.ece">"Nuclear-capable Dhanush successfully test-fired"</a>. The Hindu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005004625/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nuclearcapable-dhanush-successfully-testfired/article3968040.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Nuclear-capable+Dhanush+successfully+test-fired&rft.date=2012-10-05&rft.aulast=Mallikarjun&rft.aufirst=Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fnuclearcapable-dhanush-successfully-testfired%2Farticle3968040.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navy-to-buy-56-utility-helicopters-for-1bn/articleshow/15441358.cms">"Navy to buy 56 utility helicopters for $1bn"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 11 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110326/jsp/nation/story_13768094.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Navy+to+buy+56+utility+helicopters+for+%241bn&rft.date=2012-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FNavy-to-buy-56-utility-helicopters-for-1bn%2Farticleshow%2F15441358.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222061645/http://www.indiandefence.com/forums/indian-navy/31594-india-issues-global-tender-maritime-recon-planes.html">"India Issues Global Tender for Maritime Recon Planes"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiandefence.com/forums/indian-navy/31594-india-issues-global-tender-maritime-recon-planes.html">the original</a> on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+Issues+Global+Tender+for+Maritime+Recon+Planes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiandefence.com%2Fforums%2Findian-navy%2F31594-india-issues-global-tender-maritime-recon-planes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLele" class="citation web cs1">Lele, Ajey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20131001142106/http://www.spacenews.com/article/opinion/37142gsat-7-india%E2%80%99s-strategic-satellite">"GSAT-7: India's Strategic Satellite"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacenews.com/article/opinion/37142gsat-7-india%E2%80%99s-strategic-satellite">the original</a> on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GSAT-7%3A+India%27s+Strategic+Satellite&rft.aulast=Lele&rft.aufirst=Ajey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacenews.com%2Farticle%2Fopinion%2F37142gsat-7-india%25E2%2580%2599s-strategic-satellite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiannavy.nic.in/press-release/naseem-al-bahr-naval-exercise-between-indian-oman-navy-held">"'Naseem Al Bahr', a Naval Exercise between Indian & Oman Navy Held"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005023812/http://indiannavy.nic.in/press-release/naseem-al-bahr-naval-exercise-between-indian-oman-navy-held">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Naseem+Al+Bahr%27%2C+a+Naval+Exercise+between+Indian+%26+Oman+Navy+Held&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiannavy.nic.in%2Fpress-release%2Fnaseem-al-bahr-naval-exercise-between-indian-oman-navy-held&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120525073445/http://www.defencenow.com/news/135/india-and-saudi-arabia-to-conduct-joint-naval-and-military-exercises-and-help-eliminate-piracy.html">"India and Saudi Arabia to Conduct Joint Naval and Military Exercises and Help Eliminate Piracy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defencenow.com/news/135/india-and-saudi-arabia-to-conduct-joint-naval-and-military-exercises-and-help-eliminate-piracy.html">the original</a> on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+and+Saudi+Arabia+to+Conduct+Joint+Naval+and+Military+Exercises+and+Help+Eliminate+Piracy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defencenow.com%2Fnews%2F135%2Findia-and-saudi-arabia-to-conduct-joint-naval-and-military-exercises-and-help-eliminate-piracy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGupta" class="citation web cs1">Gupta, Shishir. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131010150532/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/India-to-play-sea-war-games-with-22-nations/Article1-1119373.aspx">"India to play sea war games with 22 nations"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/India-to-play-sea-war-games-with-22-nations/Article1-1119373.aspx">the original</a> on 10 October 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+to+play+sea+war+games+with+22+nations&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Shishir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2FIndia-news%2FNewDelhi%2FIndia-to-play-sea-war-games-with-22-nations%2FArticle1-1119373.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528002213/http://www.jmss.org/2008/winter/articles/scott.pdf">"India's drive for a 'Blue water' Navy by Dr. David Scott, International Relations, Brunel University"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jmss.org/2008/winter/articles/scott.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%27s+drive+for+a+%27Blue+water%27+Navy+by+Dr.+David+Scott%2C+International+Relations%2C+Brunel+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jmss.org%2F2008%2Fwinter%2Farticles%2Fscott.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014183557/http://thomaspmbarnett.com/published/12steps.htm">"India's 12 Steps to a World-Class Navy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thomaspmbarnett.com/published/12steps.htm">the original</a> on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%27s+12+Steps+to+a+World-Class+Navy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thomaspmbarnett.com%2Fpublished%2F12steps.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/Carrier-battle-groups-will-add-muscle-to-Navy-power/articleshow/1086252.cms">"Carrier battle groups will add muscle to Navy power"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 8 January 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110326/jsp/nation/story_13768094.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Carrier+battle+groups+will+add+muscle+to+Navy+power&rft.date=2007-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Frest-of-world%2FCarrier-battle-groups-will-add-muscle-to-Navy-power%2Farticleshow%2F1086252.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002094342/http://www.defencenow.com/news/830/navy-chief-assures-sea-trials-of-homegrown-nuclear-submarine-ins-arihant-soon.html">"Navy Chief Assures Sea Trials of Homegrown Nuclear Submarine INS Arihant Soon"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defencenow.com/news/830/navy-chief-assures-sea-trials-of-homegrown-nuclear-submarine-ins-arihant-soon.html">the original</a> on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navy+Chief+Assures+Sea+Trials+of+Homegrown+Nuclear+Submarine+INS+Arihant+Soon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defencenow.com%2Fnews%2F830%2Fnavy-chief-assures-sea-trials-of-homegrown-nuclear-submarine-ins-arihant-soon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-first-time-since-ww-ii-india-to-buy-amphibious-aircraft-from-japan-2012934">"First time since WW-II, India to buy amphibious aircraft from Japan"</a>. DNA India. 23 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140825154430/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-first-time-since-ww-ii-india-to-buy-amphibious-aircraft-from-japan-2012934">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+time+since+WW-II%2C+India+to+buy+amphibious+aircraft+from+Japan&rft.pub=DNA+India&rft.date=2014-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Findia%2Freport-first-time-since-ww-ii-india-to-buy-amphibious-aircraft-from-japan-2012934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESubramaniam2017-177"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESubramaniam2017_177-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSubramaniam2017">Subramaniam 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/indias-fighter-upgrades-mirage-2000s-next-02891/">"India's Fighter Upgrades: Mirage 2000s Finally Get a Deal"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005013048/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/indias-fighter-upgrades-mirage-2000s-next-02891/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%27s+Fighter+Upgrades%3A+Mirage+2000s+Finally+Get+a+Deal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseindustrydaily.com%2Findias-fighter-upgrades-mirage-2000s-next-02891%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/smaller-version-of-brahmos-missile-being-developed-for-iaf_830168.html">"Smaller version of BrahMos missile being developed for IAF"</a>. 19 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131003203253/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/smaller-version-of-brahmos-missile-being-developed-for-iaf_830168.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smaller+version+of+BrahMos+missile+being+developed+for+IAF&rft.date=2013-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fsmaller-version-of-brahmos-missile-being-developed-for-iaf_830168.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/air-force-to-receive-brahmos-by-2015-113112100703_1.html">"Air Force to receive BrahMos by 2015"</a>. Business Standard India. 22 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131126003249/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/air-force-to-receive-brahmos-by-2015-113112100703_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard+India&rft.atitle=Air+Force+to+receive+BrahMos+by+2015&rft.date=2013-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fcompanies%2Fair-force-to-receive-brahmos-by-2015-113112100703_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110326/jsp/nation/story_13768094.jsp">"IAF looking to induct seven more C-17 aircraft:NAK Browne"</a>. Press Trust of India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-09-30/news/42537006_1_iaf-chief-nak-browne-c-17-aircraft">the original</a> on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IAF+looking+to+induct+seven+more+C-17+aircraft%3ANAK+Browne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.economictimes.indiatimes.com%2F2013-09-30%2Fnews%2F42537006_1_iaf-chief-nak-browne-c-17-aircraft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandit2011" class="citation news cs1">Pandit, Rajat (8 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/IAF-will-add-two-more-Israeli-AWACS-to-its-fleet/articleshow/10649659.cms">"IAF will add two more Israeli AWACS to its fleet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318122502/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-08/india/30373087_1_fighters-during-combat-operations-360-degree-phalcon-early-warning-radar-air-defence-fighters">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=IAF+will+add+two+more+Israeli+AWACS+to+its+fleet&rft.date=2011-11-08&rft.aulast=Pandit&rft.aufirst=Rajat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FIAF-will-add-two-more-Israeli-AWACS-to-its-fleet%2Farticleshow%2F10649659.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uvpcemecharocks.blogspot.in/2012/02/drdo-awacs-first-batch-delivery-by-2015.html">"DRDO AWACS first batch delivery by 2015"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215307/http://uvpcemecharocks.blogspot.in/2012/02/drdo-awacs-first-batch-delivery-by-2015.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DRDO+AWACS+first+batch+delivery+by+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuvpcemecharocks.blogspot.in%2F2012%2F02%2Fdrdo-awacs-first-batch-delivery-by-2015.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livefistdefence.com/2010/09/iafs-afnet-goes-live-next-week.html">"IAF's AFNET NCW Backbone Goes Live Next Week"</a>. 8 September 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004235808/http://www.livefistdefence.com/2010/09/iafs-afnet-goes-live-next-week.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IAF%27s+AFNET+NCW+Backbone+Goes+Live+Next+Week&rft.date=2010-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livefistdefence.com%2F2010%2F09%2Fiafs-afnet-goes-live-next-week.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/iaf-launches-own-3g-cellular-network-113102500946_1.html">"IAF launches own 3G cellular network"</a>. Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 25 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194713/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/iaf-launches-own-3g-cellular-network-113102500946_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 25 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard+India&rft.atitle=IAF+launches+own+3G+cellular+network&rft.date=2013-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Feconomy-policy%2Fiaf-launches-own-3g-cellular-network-113102500946_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.domain-b.com/aero/20070828_mrca_rfp.htm">"MRCA RFP: India floats its biggest-ever global tender for jet fighters"</a>. Aviation and Aerospace. Domain B. 28 August 2007. Retrieved 23 January 2008. <q>On Tuesday India floated its biggest ever global defence tender for purchase of 126 multi-role combat aircraft in a deal potentially valued at $11 billion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aviation+and+Aerospace&rft.atitle=MRCA+RFP%3A+India+floats+its+biggest-ever+global+tender+for+jet+fighters&rft.date=2007-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domain-b.com%2Faero%2F20070828_mrca_rfp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theindependent.in/modis-make-in-india-eats-into-nations-defense-capabilities/">"theindependent.in : Modi's Make in India eats into Nation's Defense Capabilities"</a>. theindependent.in. 3 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theindependent.in&rft.atitle=theindependent.in+%3A+Modi%27s+Make+in+India+eats+into+Nation%27s+Defense+Capabilities&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheindependent.in%2Fmodis-make-in-india-eats-into-nations-defense-capabilities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-economictimes.indiatimes.com-188"><a href="#cite_ref-economictimes.indiatimes.com_188-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPubby2018" class="citation news cs1">Pubby, Manu (14 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/here-is-why-apache-and-chinook-helicopters-are-game-changers-for-india/articleshow/49067786.cms">"Here is why Apache and Chinook helicopters are game changers for India"</a>. The Economic Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924235402/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/here-is-why-apache-and-chinook-helicopters-are-game-changers-for-india/articleshow/49067786.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Here+is+why+Apache+and+Chinook+helicopters+are+game+changers+for+India&rft.date=2018-07-14&rft.aulast=Pubby&rft.aufirst=Manu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fdefence%2Fhere-is-why-apache-and-chinook-helicopters-are-game-changers-for-india%2Farticleshow%2F49067786.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tarmak007.blogspot.in/2012/02/alh-rudra-ready-to-spit-fire-hal.html">"ALH Rudra ready to spit fire"</a>. 22 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215307/http://tarmak007.blogspot.in/2012/02/alh-rudra-ready-to-spit-fire-hal.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ALH+Rudra+ready+to+spit+fire&rft.date=2012-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftarmak007.blogspot.in%2F2012%2F02%2Falh-rudra-ready-to-spit-fire-hal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.domain-b.com/aero/June/2007/20070620_hal.htm">"domain-b.com : Paris Air Show: First flight of HAL's light combat helicopter in 2008"</a>. domain-b.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150120014944/http://www.domain-b.com/aero/June/2007/20070620_hal.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=domain-b.com&rft.atitle=domain-b.com+%3A+Paris+Air+Show%3A+First+flight+of+HAL%27s+light+combat+helicopter+in+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domain-b.com%2Faero%2FJune%2F2007%2F20070620_hal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategypage.com/militaryforums/512-20022.aspx#startofcomments">"Israel sells heron UAVs to India and Australia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130929011438/http://www.strategypage.com/militaryforums/512-20022.aspx#startofcomments">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+sells+heron+UAVs+to+India+and+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strategypage.com%2Fmilitaryforums%2F512-20022.aspx%23startofcomments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090615003911/http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/08/stories/2009050855501300.htm">"National : Astra missile test-fired"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 8 May 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/08/stories/2009050855501300.htm">the original</a> on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=National+%3A+Astra+missile+test-fired&rft.date=2009-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2009%2F05%2F08%2Fstories%2F2009050855501300.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100102024254/http://drdo.com/dpi/SAsiaDefnStraRev_.pdf">"Augmenting Capabilities"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drdo.com/dpi/SAsiaDefnStraRev_.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 January 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Augmenting+Capabilities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drdo.com%2Fdpi%2FSAsiaDefnStraRev_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadyuhin2013" class="citation news cs1">Radyuhin, Vladimir (30 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/world/india-to-customise-russias-fgfa-planes/article5075134.ece">"India to customise Russia's FGFA planes"</a>. The Hindu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131003180837/http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/world/india-to-customise-russias-fgfa-planes/article5075134.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=India+to+customise+Russia%27s+FGFA+planes&rft.date=2013-08-30&rft.aulast=Radyuhin&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Fworld%2Findia-to-customise-russias-fgfa-planes%2Farticle5075134.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/ain-news-live-aeroindia/2013-02-05/russian-indian-military-transport-jv-debuts-aero-india">"Russian-Indian Military Transport JV Debuts at Aero India"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213233/http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/ain-news-live-aeroindia/2013-02-05/russian-indian-military-transport-jv-debuts-aero-india">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian-Indian+Military+Transport+JV+Debuts+at+Aero+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ainonline.com%2Faviation-news%2Fain-news-live-aeroindia%2F2013-02-05%2Frussian-indian-military-transport-jv-debuts-aero-india&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/With-eye-on-China-India-deploys-Akash-missiles-in-northeast/articleshow/40645978.cms">"With eye on China, India deploys Akash missiles in northeast"</a>. The Times of India. 22 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140824014404/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/With-eye-on-China-India-deploys-Akash-missiles-in-northeast/articleshow/40645978.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=With+eye+on+China%2C+India+deploys+Akash+missiles+in+northeast&rft.date=2014-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FWith-eye-on-China-India-deploys-Akash-missiles-in-northeast%2Farticleshow%2F40645978.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120509001243/http://mod.nic.in/aboutus/welcome.html">"About The Ministry"</a>. 9 May 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mod.nic.in/aboutus/welcome.html">the original</a> on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+The+Ministry&rft.date=2012-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmod.nic.in%2Faboutus%2Fwelcome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mha.gov.in/about-us/central-armed-police-forces">"Central Armed Police Forces | Ministry of Home Affairs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a>. Retrieved 1 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Central+Armed+Police+Forces+%7C+Ministry+of+Home+Affairs&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Home+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mha.gov.in%2Fabout-us%2Fcentral-armed-police-forces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParliamentary_Standing_Committee_on_Home_Affairs2018" class="citation book cs1">Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs (12 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Committee_site/Committee_File/ReportFile/15/107/214_2019_11_11.pdf">Working conditions in Border Guarding Forces (Assam Rifles, Sashastra Seema Bal, Indo-Tibetan Border Police and Border Security Force)</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>. p. 1. Retrieved 18 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Working+conditions+in+Border+Guarding+Forces+%28Assam+Rifles%2C+Sashastra+Seema+Bal%2C+Indo-Tibetan+Border+Police+and+Border+Security+Force%29&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Rajya+Sabha&rft.date=2018-12-12&rft.au=Parliamentary+Standing+Committee+on+Home+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frajyasabha.nic.in%2Frsnew%2FCommittee_site%2FCommittee_File%2FReportFile%2F15%2F107%2F214_2019_11_11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Home_Affairs2011" class="citation web cs1">Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India (18 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/OM2-020513.pdf">"Office Memorandum"</a> (PDF). mha.gov.in. Director (Personnel), MHA. p. 1. Retrieved 19 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mha.gov.in&rft.atitle=Office+Memorandum&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.aulast=Ministry+of+Home+Affairs&rft.aufirst=Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mha.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FOM2-020513.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Home_Affairs2012" class="citation web cs1">Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India (23 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/OM1-020513.pdf">"Office Memorandum"</a> (PDF). mha.gov.in. Director (Personnel), MHA. p. 1. Retrieved 19 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mha.gov.in&rft.atitle=Office+Memorandum&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2012-11-23&rft.aulast=Ministry+of+Home+Affairs&rft.aufirst=Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mha.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FOM1-020513.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> The Assam Frontier Police (1883), the Assam Military Police (1891) and Eastern Bengal and Assam Military Police (1913), before finally becoming the Assam Rifles in 1917. See Sharma 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-History-203"><a href="#cite_ref-History_203-0">^</a> See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090310015024/http://assamrifles.net/site/aboutus.htm">History of the Assam Rifles</a><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sharma-204"><a href="#cite_ref-Sharma_204-0">^</a> Sharma 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreaterKashmir.com_(Greater_Service)2011" class="citation web cs1">GreaterKashmir.com (Greater Service) (18 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040715/http://greaterkashmir.com/news/2011/Apr/18/crpf-all-set-for-image-makeover-17.asp">"CRPF ALL SET FOR IMAGE MAKEOVER"</a>. Greaterkashmir.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://greaterkashmir.com/news/2011/Apr/18/crpf-all-set-for-image-makeover-17.asp">the original</a> on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CRPF+ALL+SET+FOR+IMAGE+MAKEOVER&rft.pub=Greaterkashmir.com&rft.date=2011-04-18&rft.au=GreaterKashmir.com+%28Greater+Service%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgreaterkashmir.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2FApr%2F18%2Fcrpf-all-set-for-image-makeover-17.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeenews.com/news588498.html">"CRPF to induct 38 new battalions in the coming years"</a>. Zeenews.com. 18 December 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091220035802/http://www.zeenews.com/news588498.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2009. Retrieved 26 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CRPF+to+induct+38+new+battalions+in+the+coming+years&rft.pub=Zeenews.com&rft.date=2009-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeenews.com%2Fnews588498.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/news/crpf-to-raise-37-new-battalions-by-2018/590266/">"CRPF to raise 37 new battalions by 2018"</a>. The Indian Express. 13 March 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110130020331/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/crpf-to-raise-37-new-battalions-by-2018/590266/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=CRPF+to+raise+37+new+battalions+by+2018&rft.date=2010-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fcrpf-to-raise-37-new-battalions-by-2018%2F590266%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.financialexpress.com/news/COBRA-to-sting-Naxal-virus-new-force-gets-Centre-nod/354579/">"COBRA to sting Naxal virus: new force gets Centre nod"</a>. The Financial Express. 29 August 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106060638/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/COBRA-to-sting-Naxal-virus-new-force-gets-Centre-nod/354579">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Financial+Express&rft.atitle=COBRA+to+sting+Naxal+virus%3A+new+force+gets+Centre+nod&rft.date=2008-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialexpress.com%2Fnews%2FCOBRA-to-sting-Naxal-virus-new-force-gets-Centre-nod%2F354579%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crpf.gov.in/org-structure.htm">"Organization Structure | Central Reserve Police Force, Government of India"</a>. crpf.gov.in.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=crpf.gov.in&rft.atitle=Organization+Structure+%7C+Central+Reserve+Police+Force%2C+Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrpf.gov.in%2Forg-structure.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/AnnualReportEngLish_11102023.pdf">"Annual Report - 2022-2023"</a> (PDF). mha.gov.in. Ministry of Home Affairs. 11 October 2023. p. 75. Retrieved 15 September 2024. <q>Over the years, the force has grown in its size and as on date, it has 193 battalions including 04 NDRF battalions, deployed all over 74 international borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh as well as on Line of Control and anti-naxal operations in the states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha. The sanctioned strength of BSF as on 31.12.2022 is 2,65,277.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mha.gov.in&rft.atitle=Annual+Report+-+2022-2023&rft.pages=75&rft.date=2023-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mha.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FAnnualReportEngLish_11102023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIBTL2012" class="citation web cs1">IBTL (1 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtl.in/video/6586/border-security-force-bsf--duty-unto-death-dec-1-1965-foundation-day/">"Border Security Force ( BSF ) – Duty unto Death | Dec 1, 1965 Foundation Day – IBTL"</a>. Ibtl.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106042338/http://www.ibtl.in/video/6586/border-security-force-bsf--duty-unto-death-dec-1-1965-foundation-day/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Border+Security+Force+%28+BSF+%29+%E2%80%93+Duty+unto+Death+%26%23124%3B+Dec+1%2C+1965+Foundation+Day+%E2%80%93+IBTL&rft.pub=Ibtl.in&rft.date=2012-12-01&rft.au=IBTL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtl.in%2Fvideo%2F6586%2Fborder-security-force-bsf--duty-unto-death-dec-1-1965-foundation-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140102204205/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/first-ever-women-bsf-to-man-indian-borders/97425-3.html?from=rssfeed">"First ever women BSF to guard the Indian borders"</a>. Ibnlive.in.com. 18 July 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibnlive.in.com/news/first-ever-women-bsf-to-man-indian-borders/97425-3.html?from=rssfeed">the original</a> on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+ever+women+BSF+to+guard+the+Indian+borders&rft.pub=Ibnlive.in.com&rft.date=2009-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fibnlive.in.com%2Fnews%2Ffirst-ever-women-bsf-to-man-indian-borders%2F97425-3.html%3Ffrom%3Drssfeed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-213">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_213-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_213-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812061532/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/EnglAnnualReport2016-17_17042017.pdf">"Government of India - Ministry of Home Affairs - Annual Report"</a> (PDF). 12 August 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/EnglAnnualReport2016-17_17042017.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government+of+India+-+Ministry+of+Home+Affairs+-+Annual+Report&rft.date=2017-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmha.nic.in%2Fsites%2Fupload_files%2Fmha%2Ffiles%2FEnglAnnualReport2016-17_17042017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/armedforces.php?id=16">"Indo-Tibetan Border Police"</a>. Archive.india.gov.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131112174707/http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/armedforces.php?id=16">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indo-Tibetan+Border+Police&rft.pub=Archive.india.gov.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.india.gov.in%2Fgovt%2Farmedforces.php%3Fid%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hindustantimes1-215"><a href="#cite_ref-hindustantimes1_215-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140111124122/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/ITBP-to-have-90-000-strong-force-by-2015/Article1-950206.aspx">"ITBP to have 90,000-strong force by 2015"</a>. Hindustan Times. 26 October 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/ITBP-to-have-90-000-strong-force-by-2015/Article1-950206.aspx">the original</a> on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=ITBP+to+have+90%2C000-strong+force+by+2015&rft.date=2012-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2FIndia-news%2FNewDelhi%2FITBP-to-have-90-000-strong-force-by-2015%2FArticle1-950206.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/news/itbp-to-get-15-new-battalions/532633/1">"ITBP to get 15 new battalions"</a>. The Indian Express. 24 October 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110115151307/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/itbp-to-get-15-new-battalions/532633/1">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=ITBP+to+get+15+new+battalions&rft.date=2009-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fitbp-to-get-15-new-battalions%2F532633%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://itbpolice.nic.in/itbpwebsite/Aboutus_new/history&role/history&role.html">"Home | Indo Tibetan Border Police, Ministry of Home Affairs"</a>. itbpolice.nic.in.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=itbpolice.nic.in&rft.atitle=Home+%7C+Indo+Tibetan+Border+Police%2C+Ministry+of+Home+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fitbpolice.nic.in%2Fitbpwebsite%2FAboutus_new%2Fhistory%26role%2Fhistory%26role.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200102163816/https://www.ssb.nic.in/index1.aspx?lsid=37&lev=2&lid=9&langid=1&Cid=0">"Force Profile"</a>. ssb.nic.in/. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.nic.in/index1.aspx?lsid=37&lev=2&lid=9&langid=1&Cid=0">the original</a> on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ssb.nic.in%2F&rft.atitle=Force+Profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.nic.in%2Findex1.aspx%3Flsid%3D37%26lev%3D2%26lid%3D9%26langid%3D1%26Cid%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140209004400/http://cisf.nic.in/dgmsg.htm">"About CISF"</a>. Cisf.nic.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cisf.nic.in/dgmsg.htm">the original</a> on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+CISF&rft.pub=Cisf.nic.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcisf.nic.in%2Fdgmsg.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/govt-to-recruit-20-000-women-in-paramilitary-forces-in-3-years-105279">"Govt to recruit 20,000 women in paramilitary forces in 3 years"</a>. NDTV.com. 12 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106050049/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/govt-to-recruit-20-000-women-in-paramilitary-forces-in-3-years-105279">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Govt+to+recruit+20%2C000+women+in+paramilitary+forces+in+3+years&rft.pub=NDTV.com&rft.date=2011-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Fgovt-to-recruit-20-000-women-in-paramilitary-forces-in-3-years-105279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPraveen_Swami2011" class="citation news cs1">Praveen Swami (21 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2277386.ece">"The Indian fine art of faking security"</a>. The Hindu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040347/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2277386.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=The+Indian+fine+art+of+faking+security&rft.date=2011-07-21&rft.au=Praveen+Swami&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fopinion%2Flead%2Farticle2277386.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117183849/http://www.chushigangdruk.org/history/history11.htm">"Welcome chushigangdruk.org – Hostmonster.com"</a>. chushigangdruk.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chushigangdruk.org/history/history11.htm">the original</a> on 17 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chushigangdruk.org&rft.atitle=Welcome+chushigangdruk.org+%E2%80%93+Hostmonster.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chushigangdruk.org%2Fhistory%2Fhistory11.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> The SFF became morle famous within the administration as the "Establishment 22" because its first Inspector General (IG) Major Gen. <a href="/wiki/Sujan_Singh" title="Sujan Singh">Sujan Singh</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">Military Cross</a> holder and a legendary figure in the <a href="/wiki/British_India_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="British India Army">British India Army</a>. Singh commanded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=22nd_Mountain_Regiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="22nd Mountain Regiment (page does not exist)">22nd Mountain Regiment</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="World War II in Europe">World War II in Europe</a> and a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Range_Desert_Squadron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long Range Desert Squadron (page does not exist)">Long Range Desert Squadron</a> (LRDS) in <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">north Africa</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130502133625/http://www.bollywoodsargam.com/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=2813">"Bollywood Sargam – Special: Tibetan faujis in Bluestar"</a>. bollywoodsargam.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bollywoodsargam.com/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=2813">the original</a> on 2 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bollywoodsargam.com&rft.atitle=Bollywood+Sargam+%E2%80%93+Special%3A+Tibetan+faujis+in+Bluestar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bollywoodsargam.com%2Fmodules.php%3Fname%3DNews%26file%3Dprint%26sid%3D2813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/pdf/RPF.pdf">Railway Protection Force</a> (PDF), Indianrailways.gov.in, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015213916/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/pdf/RPF.pdf">archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 October 2013, retrieved 9 February 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railway+Protection+Force&rft.pub=Indianrailways.gov.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianrailways.gov.in%2Frailwayboard%2Fuploads%2Fdirectorate%2Fcoaching%2Fpdf%2FRPF.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/budget-2014/railway-budget-2014/RPF-may-find-getting-4000-women-recruits-tough/articleshow/38040374.cms">"RPF may find getting 4,000 women recruits tough"</a>. The Times of India. 9 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117183847/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/budget-2014/railway-budget-2014/RPF-may-find-getting-4000-women-recruits-tough/articleshow/38040374.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=RPF+may+find+getting+4%2C000+women+recruits+tough&rft.date=2014-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fbudget-2014%2Frailway-budget-2014%2FRPF-may-find-getting-4000-women-recruits-tough%2Farticleshow%2F38040374.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ndrf.gov.in/ndrf-units">"NDRF Units | NDRF – National Disaster Response Force"</a>. ndrf.gov.in.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ndrf.gov.in&rft.atitle=NDRF+Units+%7C+NDRF+%E2%80%93+National+Disaster+Response+Force&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fndrf.gov.in%2Fndrf-units&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htsf/20120423.aspx">"Indian Commandos Set Free"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194410/http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htsf/20120423.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Commandos+Set+Free&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strategypage.com%2Fhtmw%2Fhtsf%2F20120423.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130918110452/http://www.defencenews.in/defence-news-internal.asp?get=new&id=1763">"Indian Army pulls in 'Ghatak Commandos' near LOC"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defencenews.in/defence-news-internal.asp?get=new&id=1763">the original</a> on 18 September 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Army+pulls+in+%27Ghatak+Commandos%27+near+LOC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defencenews.in%2Fdefence-news-internal.asp%3Fget%3Dnew%26id%3D1763&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131024172117/http://indiannavy.nic.in/about-indian-navy/ins-abhimanyu">"INS Abhimanyu"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiannavy.nic.in/about-indian-navy/ins-abhimanyu">the original</a> on 24 October 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INS+Abhimanyu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiannavy.nic.in%2Fabout-indian-navy%2Fins-abhimanyu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131008144813/http://bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Special/166-Crocodiles-Of-Wullar.html">"CROCODILES OF WULLAR"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Special/166-Crocodiles-Of-Wullar.html">the original</a> on 8 October 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CROCODILES+OF+WULLAR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bharat-rakshak.com%2FLAND-FORCES%2FSpecial%2F166-Crocodiles-Of-Wullar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://joinindianforce.wordpress.com/tag/marcos/">"Who are MARCOS"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140303163131/http://joinindianforce.wordpress.com/tag/marcos/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+are+MARCOS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjoinindianforce.wordpress.com%2Ftag%2Fmarcos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIB_Sep_07-233"><a href="#cite_ref-PIB_Sep_07_233-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=262">"Constitution of Commando Force"</a> (Press release). Press Information Bureau, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. 18 December 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904084047/http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=262">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+Commando+Force&rft.pub=Press+Information+Bureau%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=2003-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Frelease%2Frelease.asp%3Frelid%3D262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanwal" class="citation web cs1">Kanwal, Gurmeet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idsa-india.org/an-feb-1.01.htm">"India's Nuclear Doctrine and Policy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215144/http://www.idsa-india.org/an-feb-1.01.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%27s+Nuclear+Doctrine+and+Policy&rft.aulast=Kanwal&rft.aufirst=Gurmeet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idsa-india.org%2Fan-feb-1.01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallikarjun2013" class="citation news cs1">Mallikarjun, Y. (18 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/none-can-intercept-agniv-chander/article5139186.ece?homepage=true">"None can intercept Agni-V: Chander"</a>. The Hindu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004212615/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/none-can-intercept-agniv-chander/article5139186.ece?homepage=true">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=None+can+intercept+Agni-V%3A+Chander&rft.date=2013-09-18&rft.aulast=Mallikarjun&rft.aufirst=Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Fnone-can-intercept-agniv-chander%2Farticle5139186.ece%3Fhomepage%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShukla2013" class="citation news cs1">Shukla, Ajai (8 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/advanced-agni-6-missile-with-multiple-warheads-likely-by-2017-113050800034_1.html">"Advanced Agni-6 missile with multiple warheads likely by 2017"</a>. Business Standard India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215353/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/advanced-agni-6-missile-with-multiple-warheads-likely-by-2017-113050800034_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard+India&rft.atitle=Advanced+Agni-6+missile+with+multiple+warheads+likely+by+2017&rft.date=2013-05-08&rft.aulast=Shukla&rft.aufirst=Ajai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Feconomy-policy%2Fadvanced-agni-6-missile-with-multiple-warheads-likely-by-2017-113050800034_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubramanian2013" class="citation news cs1">Subramanian, T.S. (4 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/agnivi-all-set-to-take-shape/article4379416.ece?homepage=true">"Agni-VI all set to take shape"</a>. The Hindu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004212847/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/agnivi-all-set-to-take-shape/article4379416.ece?homepage=true">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Agni-VI+all+set+to+take+shape&rft.date=2013-02-04&rft.aulast=Subramanian&rft.aufirst=T.S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fagnivi-all-set-to-take-shape%2Farticle4379416.ece%3Fhomepage%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/nuke/guide/india/aircraft/index.html">"India Aircraft Special Weapons Delivery Systems"</a>. Fas.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100904074343/http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/india/aircraft/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2010. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+Aircraft+Special+Weapons+Delivery+Systems&rft.pub=Fas.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fnuke%2Fguide%2Findia%2Faircraft%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/india-test-fires-long-range-n-missile-launched-from-under-sea-114032501060_1.html">"India test fires long range N-missile launched from under sea"</a>. Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 25 March 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard+India&rft.atitle=India+test+fires+long+range+N-missile+launched+from+under+sea&rft.date=2014-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fpti-stories%2Findia-test-fires-long-range-n-missile-launched-from-under-sea-114032501060_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeck2013" class="citation web cs1">Keck, Zachary (30 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2013/07/indias-first-ballistic-missile-sub-to-begin-sea-trials/">"India's First Ballistic Missile Sub to Begin Sea Trials"</a>. The Diplomat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=India%27s+First+Ballistic+Missile+Sub+to+Begin+Sea+Trials&rft.date=2013-07-30&rft.aulast=Keck&rft.aufirst=Zachary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2013%2F07%2Findias-first-ballistic-missile-sub-to-begin-sea-trials%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/dec/15/maiden-trial-of-pralay-k5-likely-soon-1911623.html">"DRDO on long range Pralay, K5 to stalemate China soon"</a>. The New Indian Express. 15 December 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=DRDO+on+long+range+Pralay%2C+K5+to+stalemate+China+soon&rft.date=2018-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fodisha%2F2018%2Fdec%2F15%2Fmaiden-trial-of-pralay-k5-likely-soon-1911623.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-toi19j-242"><a href="#cite_ref-toi19j_242-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Nirbhay-to-be-test-fired-in-February/articleshow/18082334.cms">"Nirbhay to be test-fired in February"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 19 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110326/jsp/nation/story_13768094.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Nirbhay+to+be+test-fired+in+February&rft.date=2013-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FNirbhay-to-be-test-fired-in-February%2Farticleshow%2F18082334.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924135149/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070720/asp/nation/story_8080771.asp">"The Telegraph – Calcutta : Nation"</a>. The Telegraph. Kolkota. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070720/asp/nation/story_8080771.asp">the original</a> on 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+Telegraph+%E2%80%93+Calcutta+%3A+Nation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1070720%2Fasp%2Fnation%2Fstory_8080771.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ak-244"><a href="#cite_ref-ak_244-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121228145415/http://www.akashsam.com/akashmissile.htm">"AKASH MISSILE"</a>. akashsam.com. Archived from the original on 28 December 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=akashsam.com&rft.atitle=AKASH+MISSILE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akashsam.com%2Fakashmissile.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Guided Threat Systems". International Electronic Countermeasures Handbook. Artech House. 2004. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58053-898-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58053-898-5"><bdi>978-1-58053-898-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Guided+Threat+Systems&rft.btitle=International+Electronic+Countermeasures+Handbook&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Artech+House&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58053-898-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiantribune.com/oldsite/show_news.php?id=12250">"Asian tribune: Upgraded version of 'Aakash' test fired; By Hemanta Kumar Rout"</a>. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asian+tribune%3A+Upgraded+version+of+%27Aakash%27+test+fired%3B+By+Hemanta+Kumar+Rout&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiantribune.com%2Foldsite%2Fshow_news.php%3Fid%3D12250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-drdl-projects-247"><a href="#cite_ref-drdl-projects_247-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210114900/http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/DRDL/English/index.jsp?pg=AreasWork.jsp">"DRDL: Areas of Work"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/DRDL/English/index.jsp?pg=AreasWork.jsp">the original</a> on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DRDL%3A+Areas+of+Work&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdrdo.gov.in%2Fdrdo%2Flabs%2FDRDL%2FEnglish%2Findex.jsp%3Fpg%3DAreasWork.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-indiaresearch.org-248"><a href="#cite_ref-indiaresearch.org_248-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiaresearch.org/Shourya_Missile.pdf">"Shourya/Sagarika Missile"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817013504/http://indiaresearch.org/Shourya_Missile.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shourya%2FSagarika+Missile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiaresearch.org%2FShourya_Missile.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-a1-249"><a href="#cite_ref-a1_249-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120916081502/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/India-successfully-test-fires-Shaurya-missile/384746/">"India successfully test fires 'Shaurya' missile"</a>. The Indian Express. 12 November 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/India-successfully-test-fires-Shaurya-missile/384746/">the original</a> on 16 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=India+successfully+test+fires+%27Shaurya%27+missile&rft.date=2008-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expressindia.com%2Flatest-news%2FIndia-successfully-test-fires-Shaurya-missile%2F384746%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hindu20081114-250"><a href="#cite_ref-hindu20081114_250-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113082002/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/14/stories/2008111456561300.htm">"News Archives"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 14 November 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/14/stories/2008111456561300.htm">the original</a> on 13 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=News+Archives&rft.date=2008-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2008%2F11%2F14%2Fstories%2F2008111456561300.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFY._Mallikarjun2011" class="citation news cs1">Y. Mallikarjun (3 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2154015.ece">"India all set to test new short-range tactical missile"</a>. The Hindu. India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111112211729/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2154015.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=India+all+set+to+test+new+short-range+tactical+missile&rft.date=2011-07-03&rft.au=Y.+Mallikarjun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Farticle2154015.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.domain-b.com/aero/mil_avi/miss_muni/20100112_agni_missiles_oneView.html">"Astra BVRAAM more complex than Agni missiles"</a>. Domain-B. Balasore. 31 August 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150612152743/http://www.domain-b.com/aero/mil_avi/miss_muni/20100112_agni_missiles_oneView.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Domain-B&rft.atitle=Astra+BVRAAM+more+complex+than+Agni+missiles&rft.date=1998-08-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domain-b.com%2Faero%2Fmil_avi%2Fmiss_muni%2F20100112_agni_missiles_oneView.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NFU-253">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NFU_253-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NFU_253-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091205231912/http://www.indianembassy.org/policy/CTBT/nuclear_doctrine_aug_17_1999.html">"Draft Report of National Security Advisory Board on Indian Nuclear Doctrine"</a>. Indianembassy.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianembassy.org/policy/CTBT/nuclear_doctrine_aug_17_1999.html">the original</a> on 5 December 2009. Retrieved 30 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Draft+Report+of+National+Security+Advisory+Board+on+Indian+Nuclear+Doctrine&rft.pub=Indianembassy.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianembassy.org%2Fpolicy%2FCTBT%2Fnuclear_doctrine_aug_17_1999.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/798/Speech+by+NSA+Shri+Shivshankar+Menon+at+NDC+on+The+Role+of+Force+in+Strategic+Affairs">"Speech by NSA Shri Shivshankar Menon at NDC on 'The Role of Force in Strategic Affairs'"</a>. mea.gov.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110326/jsp/nation/story_13768094.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mea.gov.in&rft.atitle=Speech+by+NSA+Shri+Shivshankar+Menon+at+NDC+on+%27The+Role+of+Force+in+Strategic+Affairs%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mea.gov.in%2FSpeeches-Statements.htm%3Fdtl%2F798%2FSpeech%2Bby%2BNSA%2BShri%2BShivshankar%2BMenon%2Bat%2BNDC%2Bon%2BThe%2BRole%2Bof%2BForce%2Bin%2BStrategic%2BAffairs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/DidIndiaChangeitsNuclearDoctrine_vnarang_010311">"Did India Change its Nuclear Doctrine?: Much Ado about Nothing"</a>. idsa.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150618173408/http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/DidIndiaChangeitsNuclearDoctrine_vnarang_010311">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=idsa.in&rft.atitle=Did+India+Change+its+Nuclear+Doctrine%3F%3A+Much+Ado+about+Nothing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idsa.in%2Fidsacomments%2FDidIndiaChangeitsNuclearDoctrine_vnarang_010311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150618173408/http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/DidIndiaChangeitsNuclearDoctrine_vnarang_010311">"Did India Change its Nuclear Doctrine?: Much Ado about Nothing"</a>. idsa.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://idsa.in/idsacomments/DidIndiaChangeitsNuclearDoctrine_vnarang_010311">the original</a> on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=idsa.in&rft.atitle=Did+India+Change+its+Nuclear+Doctrine%3F%3A+Much+Ado+about+Nothing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fidsa.in%2Fidsacomments%2FDidIndiaChangeitsNuclearDoctrine_vnarang_010311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150428054309/http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/04/16/uk-india-election-nuclear-idINKBN0D20QB20140416">"Modi says committed to no first use of nuclear weapons"</a>. Reuters India. 16 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.reuters.com/article/uk-india-election-nuclear-idINKBN0D20QB20140416">the original</a> on 28 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters+India&rft.atitle=Modi+says+committed+to+no+first+use+of+nuclear+weapons&rft.date=2014-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fin.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-india-election-nuclear-idINKBN0D20QB20140416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagchi2013" class="citation news cs1">Bagchi, Indrani (30 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/even-a-midget-nuke-strike-will-lead-to-massive-retaliation-india-warns-pak/articleshow/19795988.cms">"Even a midget nuke strike will lead to massive retaliation, India warns Pak – The Economic Times"</a>. The Economic Times. Retrieved 30 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Even+a+midget+nuke+strike+will+lead+to+massive+retaliation%2C+India+warns+Pak+%E2%80%93+The+Economic+Times&rft.date=2013-04-30&rft.aulast=Bagchi&rft.aufirst=Indrani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Feven-a-midget-nuke-strike-will-lead-to-massive-retaliation-india-warns-pak%2Farticleshow%2F19795988.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://idsa.in/cbwmagazine/IndiaResponsetoCBWAttack_aahmed_1008.html">"India's Response to CBW attack"</a>. idsa.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150508150427/http://idsa.in/cbwmagazine/IndiaResponsetoCBWAttack_aahmed_1008.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=idsa.in&rft.atitle=India%27s+Response+to+CBW+attack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fidsa.in%2Fcbwmagazine%2FIndiaResponsetoCBWAttack_aahmed_1008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BR-260"><a href="#cite_ref-BR_260-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Today/Contemporary/328-BMD.html">"Ballistic Missile Defence for India"</a>. Bharat Rakshak. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120802193532/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Today/Contemporary/328-BMD.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ballistic+Missile+Defence+for+India&rft.pub=Bharat+Rakshak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bharat-rakshak.com%2FIAF%2FToday%2FContemporary%2F328-BMD.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IHT-261"><a href="#cite_ref-IHT_261-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollack" class="citation web cs1">Pollack, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/12/04/asia/AS_GEN_India_Missile_System.php">"India expects to use missile interception system as a weapon, top scientist says"</a>. International Herald Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090311004546/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/12/04/asia/AS_GEN_India_Missile_System.php">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=India+expects+to+use+missile+interception+system+as+a+weapon%2C+top+scientist+says&rft.aulast=Pollack&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2Fap%2F2006%2F12%2F04%2Fasia%2FAS_GEN_India_Missile_System.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130629092610/http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/03/stories/2006120312940100.htm">"India developing new missiles Towards destroying hostile missiles"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 3 December 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/03/stories/2006120312940100.htm">the original</a> on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=India+developing+new+missiles+Towards+destroying+hostile+missiles&rft.date=2006-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2006%2F12%2F03%2Fstories%2F2006120312940100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080202110808/http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20061211/defence.shtml%26SET%3DT">The New Guardian</a>India unveils an all new anti-ballistic missile expected to be the fore-runner of a sophisticated air defence system to thwart, among other threats, a <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistani</a> nuclear weapons attack </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602000349/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hF8vr43UZ29RmlnKWgtpAmQs81Lg">"India tests interceptor missile"</a>. 6 March 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hF8vr43UZ29RmlnKWgtpAmQs81Lg">the original</a> on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+tests+interceptor+missile&rft.date=2009-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5hF8vr43UZ29RmlnKWgtpAmQs81Lg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=34262">"Development of Ballistic Missile Defence System: Year End Review"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a>. 28 December 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080105043512/http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=34262">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2008. Retrieved 26 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Development+of+Ballistic+Missile+Defence+System%3A+Year+End+Review&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defence&rft.date=2007-12-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Frelease%2Frelease.asp%3Frelid%3D34262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollack" class="citation web cs1">Pollack, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2009/03/06/asia/AS-India-Missile-Defense.php">"India successfully tests missile interceptor"</a>. International Herald Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090310002406/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2009/03/06/asia/AS-India-Missile-Defense.php">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=India+successfully+tests+missile+interceptor&rft.aulast=Pollack&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2Fap%2F2009%2F03%2F06%2Fasia%2FAS-India-Missile-Defense.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajat_Pandit2007" class="citation web cs1">Rajat Pandit (26 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India_on_way_to_joining_exclusive_BMD_club/rssarticleshow/2570683.cms">"India on way to joining exclusive BMD club"</a>. The Times of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513163850/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India_on_way_to_joining_exclusive_BMD_club/rssarticleshow/2570683.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=India+on+way+to+joining+exclusive+BMD+club&rft.date=2007-11-26&rft.au=Rajat+Pandit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2FIndia_on_way_to_joining_exclusive_BMD_club%2Frssarticleshow%2F2570683.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thehindu.com-268"><a href="#cite_ref-thehindu.com_268-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3390404.ece">"Missile defence shield ready: DRDO chief"</a>. The Hindu. Press Trust of India. 6 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130114022736/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3390404.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Missile+defence+shield+ready%3A+DRDO+chief&rft.date=2012-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Farticle3390404.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Delhi-Mumbai-selected-for-ballistic-missile-defence-shield/articleshow/14370157.cms">"Delhi, Mumbai selected for ballistic missile defence shield"</a>. The Times of India. 24 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120624214841/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Delhi-Mumbai-selected-for-ballistic-missile-defence-shield/articleshow/14370157.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Delhi%2C+Mumbai+selected+for+ballistic+missile+defence+shield&rft.date=2012-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FDelhi-Mumbai-selected-for-ballistic-missile-defence-shield%2Farticleshow%2F14370157.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/delhi-mumbai-to-get-missile-defence-shield-235328">"Delhi, Mumbai to get missile defence shield – NDTV News"</a>. Ndtv.com. 24 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130412170400/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/delhi-mumbai-to-get-missile-defence-shield-235328">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Delhi%2C+Mumbai+to+get+missile+defence+shield+%E2%80%93+NDTV+News&rft.pub=Ndtv.com&rft.date=2012-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Fdelhi-mumbai-to-get-missile-defence-shield-235328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBNLiveA-271"><a href="#cite_ref-IBNLiveA_271-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibnlive.in.com/news/more-teeth-to-defence-system/230239-60-117.html">"More Teeth to Defence System"</a>. CNN-IBN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110326/jsp/nation/story_13768094.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=More+Teeth+to+Defence+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fibnlive.in.com%2Fnews%2Fmore-teeth-to-defence-system%2F230239-60-117.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/delhi-mumbai-to-be-first-provided-with-missile-defence-shield/articleshow/14370434.cms">"Delhi, Mumbai to be first provided with missile defence shield"</a>. The Economic Times. Press Trust of India. 24 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140519045307/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/delhi-mumbai-to-be-first-provided-with-missile-defence-shield/articleshow/14370434.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Delhi%2C+Mumbai+to+be+first+provided+with+missile+defence+shield&rft.date=2012-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fnation%2Fdelhi-mumbai-to-be-first-provided-with-missile-defence-shield%2Farticleshow%2F14370434.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BR-2-273"><a href="#cite_ref-BR-2_273-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Today/Contemporary/325-SAD.html">"Strategic Air Defences in a Nuclear South-Asia"</a>. Bharat-Rakshak. 2 July 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120804052802/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Today/Contemporary/325-SAD.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bharat-Rakshak&rft.atitle=Strategic+Air+Defences+in+a+Nuclear+South-Asia&rft.date=2009-07-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bharat-rakshak.com%2FIAF%2FToday%2FContemporary%2F325-SAD.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNews-274"><a href="#cite_ref-DNews_274-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110326/jsp/nation/story_13768094.jsp">"India To Boost Airfield Defenses"</a>. DefenceNews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defensenews.com/article/20120410/DEFREG03/304100001/India-Boost-Airfield-Defenses">the original</a> on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DefenceNews&rft.atitle=India+To+Boost+Airfield+Defenses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensenews.com%2Farticle%2F20120410%2FDEFREG03%2F304100001%2FIndia-Boost-Airfield-Defenses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBNLiveB-275"><a href="#cite_ref-IBNLiveB_275-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibnlive.in.com/news/missile-wars-india-prepares-itself-after-cruise-missile-tests-by-pak/54298-3.html">"India discovers methods to face missile wars"</a>. CNN-IBN. 16 December 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110326/jsp/nation/story_13768094.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=India+discovers+methods+to+face+missile+wars&rft.date=2007-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fibnlive.in.com%2Fnews%2Fmissile-wars-india-prepares-itself-after-cruise-missile-tests-by-pak%2F54298-3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBNLIVE-276">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IBNLIVE_276-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IBNLIVE_276-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibnlive.in.com/news/missile-wars-india-prepares-itself-after-cruise-missile-tests-by-pak/54298-3.html">"India discovers methods to face missile wars"</a>. IBNLive. 16 December 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110326/jsp/nation/story_13768094.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IBNLive&rft.atitle=India+discovers+methods+to+face+missile+wars&rft.date=2007-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fibnlive.in.com%2Fnews%2Fmissile-wars-india-prepares-itself-after-cruise-missile-tests-by-pak%2F54298-3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NT-277"><a href="#cite_ref-NT_277-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/naval-barak-8-surface-air-missiles/">"Naval Barak-8 Missiles, Israel, India"</a>. Naval Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120808005150/http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/naval-barak-8-surface-air-missiles">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Naval+Technology&rft.atitle=Naval+Barak-8+Missiles%2C+Israel%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naval-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Fnaval-barak-8-surface-air-missiles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-IANS-278"><a href="#cite_ref-IANS_278-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.news.yahoo.com/february-trial-naval-air-defence-missile-103543198.html">"February trial for naval air defence missile"</a>. Indo-Asian News service. 16 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150614193055/https://in.news.yahoo.com/february-trial-naval-air-defence-missile-103543198.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indo-Asian+News+service&rft.atitle=February+trial+for+naval+air+defence+missile&rft.date=2011-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fin.news.yahoo.com%2Ffebruary-trial-naval-air-defence-missile-103543198.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpecial_Correspondent2014" class="citation news cs1">Special Correspondent (12 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/lrsam-flighttested-successfully-in-israel/article6591545.ece">"LRSAM flight tested successfully in Israel"</a>. The Hindu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141126184947/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/lrsam-flighttested-successfully-in-israel/article6591545.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=LRSAM+flight+tested+successfully+in+Israel&rft.date=2014-11-12&rft.au=Special+Correspondent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Flrsam-flighttested-successfully-in-israel%2Farticle6591545.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150706133433/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/akash-missile-successfully-test-fired-for-second-day/">"Akash missile successfully test fired for second day"</a>. 18 November 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/akash-missile-successfully-test-fired-for-second-day/">the original</a> on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Akash+missile+successfully+test+fired+for+second+day&rft.date=2014-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Findia-others%2Fakash-missile-successfully-test-fired-for-second-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-medium-range-akash-missile-579358">"India Successfully Test Fires Medium-Range Akash Missile"</a>. NDTV.com. 19 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160812154859/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-medium-range-akash-missile-579358">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NDTV.com&rft.atitle=India+Successfully+Test+Fires+Medium-Range+Akash+Missile&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Findia-successfully-test-fires-medium-range-akash-missile-579358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IAI_PDF_–_Barak_8-282"><a href="#cite_ref-IAI_PDF_–_Barak_8_282-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iai.co.il/sip_storage/FILES/2/35042.pdf">IAI PDF – Barak 8</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150706174836/http://www.iai.co.il/sip_storage/FILES/2/35042.pdf">Archived</a> 6 July 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, iai.co.il </li> <li id="cite_note-IDefence-283"><a href="#cite_ref-IDefence_283-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514002646/http://www.india-defence.com/reports-4813">"Rafael Confirms Offer of Iron Dome, David's Sling to Indian Armed Forces"</a>. India-defence.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.india-defence.com/reports-4813">the original</a> on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rafael+Confirms+Offer+of+Iron+Dome%2C+David%27s+Sling+to+Indian+Armed+Forces&rft.pub=India-defence.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.india-defence.com%2Freports-4813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nti.org/media/pdfs/israel_missile.pdf?_=1316466791">Israel Missile Chronology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130203025956/http://www.nti.org/media/pdfs/israel_missile.pdf?_=1316466791">Archived</a> 3 February 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Nuclear Threat Initiative, 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-russia-s-400-missile-deal-all-you-need-to-know/articleshow/66066460.cms?from=mdr">"India Russia S-400 missile deal: All you need to know – Times of India ►"</a>. The Times of India. Retrieved 9 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=India+Russia+S-400+missile+deal%3A+All+you+need+to+know+%E2%80%93+Times+of+India+%E2%96%BA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Findia-russia-s-400-missile-deal-all-you-need-to-know%2Farticleshow%2F66066460.cms%3Ffrom%3Dmdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MOD-286"><a href="#cite_ref-MOD_286-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090713064303/http://mod.nic.in/aboutus/body.htm">"Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India"</a>. National Informatics Centre. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mod.nic.in/aboutus/body.htm">the original</a> on 13 July 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministry+of+Defence%2C+Govt.+of+India&rft.pub=National+Informatics+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmod.nic.in%2Faboutus%2Fbody.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-A-287">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A_287-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_287-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_287-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326002603/https://fas.org/irp/world/india/mod/dia.htm">"Defense Intelligence Agency to Start in February 2002"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists" title="Federation of American Scientists">Federation of American Scientists</a>. 30 January 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/irp/world/india/mod/dia.htm">the original</a> on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Defense+Intelligence+Agency+to+Start+in+February+2002&rft.pub=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft.date=2002-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Firp%2Fworld%2Findia%2Fmod%2Fdia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150707091416/http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories960.htm">"..:: India Strategic ::.. Indian Defence News: India's Defence Budget 2011-12"</a>. indiastrategic.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories960.htm">the original</a> on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indiastrategic.in&rft.atitle=..%3A%3A+India+Strategic+%3A%3A..+Indian+Defence+News%3A+India%27s+Defence+Budget+2011-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiastrategic.in%2Ftopstories960.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-defence-cyber-agency-may-rear-admiral-mohit-1513381-2019-04-30">"India to have Defence Cyber Agency in May; Rear Admiral Mohit to be its first chief"</a>. India Today. 30 April 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=India+to+have+Defence+Cyber+Agency+in+May%3B+Rear+Admiral+Mohit+to+be+its+first+chief&rft.date=2019-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Findia%2Fstory%2Findia-defence-cyber-agency-may-rear-admiral-mohit-1513381-2019-04-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShukla2013" class="citation news cs1">Shukla, Ajai (17 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/us-offers-to-co-develop-new-javelin-missile-with-india-113091600624_1.html">"US offers to co-develop new Javelin missile with India"</a>. Business Standard India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005062839/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/us-offers-to-co-develop-new-javelin-missile-with-india-113091600624_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard+India&rft.atitle=US+offers+to+co-develop+new+Javelin+missile+with+India&rft.date=2013-09-17&rft.aulast=Shukla&rft.aufirst=Ajai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fcurrent-affairs%2Fus-offers-to-co-develop-new-javelin-missile-with-india-113091600624_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131010044302/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india-to-develop-unmanned-combat-aerial-vehicle/105939-3.html">"India to develop unmanned combat aerial vehicle"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india-to-develop-unmanned-combat-aerial-vehicle/105939-3.html">the original</a> on 10 October 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+to+develop+unmanned+combat+aerial+vehicle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fibnlive.in.com%2Fnews%2Findia-to-develop-unmanned-combat-aerial-vehicle%2F105939-3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-developing-unmanned-combat-aerial-vehicle/1/100966.html">"India developing unmanned combat aerial vehicle"</a>. 10 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004233214/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-developing-unmanned-combat-aerial-vehicle/1/100966.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+developing+unmanned+combat+aerial+vehicle&rft.date=2010-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiatoday.intoday.in%2Fstory%2Findia-developing-unmanned-combat-aerial-vehicle%2F1%2F100966.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajat_Pandit2010" class="citation news cs1">Rajat Pandit (25 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/India-to-gear-up-for-star-wars/articleshow/5970384.cms">"India to gear up for 'star wars' – India"</a>. The Times of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527113520/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/India-to-gear-up-for-star-wars/articleshow/5970384.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=India+to+gear+up+for+%27star+wars%27+%E2%80%93+India&rft.date=2010-05-25&rft.au=Rajat+Pandit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2FIndia%2FIndia-to-gear-up-for-star-wars%2Farticleshow%2F5970384.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150401012035/http://www.defencenow.com/news/343/india-contemplates-anti-satellite-vehicle-integration-with-agni-iii-ballistic-missile.html">"India Contemplates Anti-Satellite Vehicle Integration with Agni-III Ballistic Missile"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defencenow.com/news/343/india-contemplates-anti-satellite-vehicle-integration-with-agni-iii-ballistic-missile.html">the original</a> on 1 April 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+Contemplates+Anti-Satellite+Vehicle+Integration+with+Agni-III+Ballistic+Missile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defencenow.com%2Fnews%2F343%2Findia-contemplates-anti-satellite-vehicle-integration-with-agni-iii-ballistic-missile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> date= 12 February 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGettlemanKumar2019" class="citation news cs1">Gettleman, Jeffrey; Kumar, Hari (27 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/27/world/asia/india-weather-satellite-missle.html">"India Shot Down a Satellite, Modi Says, Shifting Balance of Power in Asia"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved 2 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=India+Shot+Down+a+Satellite%2C+Modi+Says%2C+Shifting+Balance+of+Power+in+Asia&rft.date=2019-03-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Gettleman&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Hari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F03%2F27%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Findia-weather-satellite-missle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/DRDOs-next-Star-Wars-like-weapons/articleshow/6248942.cms?">"DRDO's next: Star Wars-like weapons"</a>. The Times of India. 3 August 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151020161307/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/DRDOs-next-Star-Wars-like-weapons/articleshow/6248942.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=DRDO%27s+next%3A+Star+Wars-like+weapons&rft.date=2010-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FDRDOs-next-Star-Wars-like-weapons%2Farticleshow%2F6248942.cms%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-THEHINDU-297"><a href="#cite_ref-THEHINDU_297-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._S._Subramanian2008" class="citation news cs1">T. S. Subramanian (9 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309185602/http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/09/stories/2008050955301300.htm">"DRDO developing hypersonic missile"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. Chennai, India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/09/stories/2008050955301300.htm">the original</a> on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=DRDO+developing+hypersonic+missile&rft.date=2008-05-09&rft.au=T.+S.+Subramanian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2008%2F05%2F09%2Fstories%2F2008050955301300.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tuteja-298">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tuteja_298-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tuteja_298-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuteja" class="citation web cs1">Tuteja, Ashok. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130603/main4.htm">"India largest contributor to UN peace missions"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010438/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130603/main4.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+largest+contributor+to+UN+peace+missions&rft.aulast=Tuteja&rft.aufirst=Ashok&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F2013%2F20130603%2Fmain4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005023028/http://www.un.int/india/india%20%26%20un/contribution.pdf">"INDIA's CONTRIBUTION TO UN PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.int/india/india%20&%20un/contribution.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INDIA%27s+CONTRIBUTION+TO+UN+PEACEKEEPING+MISSIONS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.int%2Findia%2Findia%2520%26%2520un%2Fcontribution.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/contributors/2007/march07_2.pdf">"Ranking of Military and Police Contributions to UN Operations"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231151/http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/contributors/2007/march07_2.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ranking+of+Military+and+Police+Contributions+to+UN+Operations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fpeacekeeping%2Fcontributors%2F2007%2Fmarch07_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326080655/http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/fatalities/StatsByYear%201.pdf">"United Nations Peacekeeping Fatalities by year up to 28 Feb 2009"</a> (PDF). www.un.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/fatalities/StatsByYear%201.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.un.org&rft.atitle=United+Nations+Peacekeeping+Fatalities+by+year+up+to+28+Feb+2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FDepts%2Fdpko%2Ffatalities%2FStatsByYear%25201.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110222020706/http://www.defence.pk/forums/india-defence/71886-indian-navy-destroyer-anti-piracy-action-sept-5-a.html">"Indian Navy Destroyer in Anti-Piracy Action On Sept 5"</a>. Pakistan Defence. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defence.pk/forums/india-defence/71886-indian-navy-destroyer-anti-piracy-action-sept-5-a.html">the original</a> on 22 February 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pakistan+Defence&rft.atitle=Indian+Navy+Destroyer+in+Anti-Piracy+Action+On+Sept+5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defence.pk%2Fforums%2Findia-defence%2F71886-indian-navy-destroyer-anti-piracy-action-sept-5-a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ins-hp-303"><a href="#cite_ref-ins-hp_303-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216075642/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india-gets-the-right-of-hot-pursuit-in-somali-waters/78607-3.html?from=rssfeed">"India gets the right of hot pursuit in Somali waters"</a>. Ibnlive.in.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india-gets-the-right-of-hot-pursuit-in-somali-waters/78607-3.html?from=rssfeed">the original</a> on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+gets+the+right+of+hot+pursuit+in+Somali+waters&rft.pub=Ibnlive.in.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fibnlive.in.com%2Fnews%2Findia-gets-the-right-of-hot-pursuit-in-somali-waters%2F78607-3.html%3Ffrom%3Drssfeed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/Somalia_seeks_Indias_help_to_quell_piracy/articleshow/3741936.cms">"Somalia seeks India's help to quell piracy- Politics/Nation-News"</a>. The Economic Times. 21 November 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20081216081819/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/Somalia_seeks_Indias_help_to_quell_piracy/articleshow/3741936.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Somalia+seeks+India%27s+help+to+quell+piracy-+Politics%2FNation-News&rft.date=2008-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2FNews%2FPoliticsNation%2FSomalia_seeks_Indias_help_to_quell_piracy%2Farticleshow%2F3741936.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216075508/http://africa.reuters.com/wire/news/usnDEL414570.html">"Reuters.com"</a>. Reuters. 9 February 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://africa.reuters.com/wire/news/usnDEL414570.html">the original</a> on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Reuters.com&rft.date=2009-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafrica.reuters.com%2Fwire%2Fnews%2FusnDEL414570.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbons2009" class="citation web cs1">Gibbons, Timothy J. (28 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090131075633/http://jacksonville.com/news/metro/2009-01-27/story/navy_helo_squadron_helps_fight_pirates">"Navy helicopter squadron helps fight pirates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Florida_Times-Union" title="The Florida Times-Union">The Florida Times-Union</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jacksonville.com/news/metro/2009-01-27/story/navy_helo_squadron_helps_fight_pirates">the original</a> on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 28 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navy+helicopter+squadron+helps+fight+pirates&rft.pub=The+Florida+Times-Union&rft.date=2009-01-28&rft.aulast=Gibbons&rft.aufirst=Timothy+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jacksonville.com%2Fnews%2Fmetro%2F2009-01-27%2Fstory%2Fnavy_helo_squadron_helps_fight_pirates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/of-pirates-navy-and-a-high-risk-area-in-the-arabian-sea-1231324">"After 7 Years and Deployment of 52 Warships, This Area is Now Pirate-Free"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160811090205/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/of-pirates-navy-and-a-high-risk-area-in-the-arabian-sea-1231324">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=After+7+Years+and+Deployment+of+52+Warships%2C+This+Area+is+Now+Pirate-Free&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fof-pirates-navy-and-a-high-risk-area-in-the-arabian-sea-1231324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100709181429/http://sify.com/news/indian-aid-flown-to-kyrgyzstan-news-national-khgruccjede.html">"Indian aid flown to Kyrgyzstan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sify" title="Sify">Sify</a>. 6 July 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sify.com/news/indian-aid-flown-to-kyrgyzstan-news-national-khgruccjede.html">the original</a> on 9 July 2010. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sify&rft.atitle=Indian+aid+flown+to+Kyrgyzstan&rft.date=2010-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsify.com%2Fnews%2Findian-aid-flown-to-kyrgyzstan-news-national-khgruccjede.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100711024631/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-sends-aid-to-Kyrgyzstan/Article1-565986.aspx">"India sends aid to Kyrgyzstan"</a>. Hindustan Times. 1 July 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-sends-aid-to-Kyrgyzstan/Article1-565986.aspx">the original</a> on 11 July 2010. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=India+sends+aid+to+Kyrgyzstan&rft.date=2010-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2FIndia-sends-aid-to-Kyrgyzstan%2FArticle1-565986.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140127184637/http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2010/Aug/10/80-foreigners-rescued-from-leh-iaf-41.asp">"80 foreigners rescued from Leh: IAF"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2010/aug/10/80-foreigners-rescued-from-leh-iaf-41.asp">the original</a> on 27 January 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=80+foreigners+rescued+from+Leh%3A+IAF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greaterkashmir.com%2Fnews%2F2010%2Faug%2F10%2F80-foreigners-rescued-from-leh-iaf-41.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kumar_2015-311"><a href="#cite_ref-Kumar_2015_311-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumar2015" class="citation web cs1">Kumar, Hari (10 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/11/world/asia/india-concludes-evacuation-of-its-citizens-from-yemen.html?nytmobile=0">"India Concludes Evacuation of Its Citizens From Yemen"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150420010009/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/11/world/asia/india-concludes-evacuation-of-its-citizens-from-yemen.html?nytmobile=0">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=India+Concludes+Evacuation+of+Its+Citizens+From+Yemen&rft.date=2015-04-10&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Hari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F04%2F11%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Findia-concludes-evacuation-of-its-citizens-from-yemen.html%3Fnytmobile%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-onein2015-312"><a href="#cite_ref-onein2015_312-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oneindia.com/india/india-evacuates-4640-nationals-960-others-from-yemen-1711703.html">"India evacuates 4,640 nationals, 960 others from Yemen"</a>. oneindia.com. 10 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150429092021/http://www.oneindia.com/india/india-evacuates-4640-nationals-960-others-from-yemen-1711703.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oneindia.com&rft.atitle=India+evacuates+4%2C640+nationals%2C+960+others+from+Yemen&rft.date=2015-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oneindia.com%2Findia%2Findia-evacuates-4640-nationals-960-others-from-yemen-1711703.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Times2015-313"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Times2015_313-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-appreciates-Pakistans-gesture-of-evacuating-its-nationals-from-Yemen/articleshow/46852396.cms">"India appreciates Pakistan's gesture of evacuating its nationals from Yemen"</a>. The Times of India. 8 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150412025837/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-appreciates-Pakistans-gesture-of-evacuating-its-nationals-from-Yemen/articleshow/46852396.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=India+appreciates+Pakistan%27s+gesture+of+evacuating+its+nationals+from+Yemen&rft.date=2015-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FIndia-appreciates-Pakistans-gesture-of-evacuating-its-nationals-from-Yemen%2Farticleshow%2F46852396.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zee_Newsx2015-314"><a href="#cite_ref-Zee_Newsx2015_314-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/yemen-crisis-number-of-indian-evacuees-reach-4000-mark_1574979.html">"Yemen crisis: Number of Indian evacuees reach 4000 mark"</a>. Zee News. 7 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150413005552/http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/yemen-crisis-number-of-indian-evacuees-reach-4000-mark_1574979.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zee+News&rft.atitle=Yemen+crisis%3A+Number+of+Indian+evacuees+reach+4000+mark&rft.date=2015-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fyemen-crisis-number-of-indian-evacuees-reach-4000-mark_1574979.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-http://www.hindustantimes.com/_2015-315"><a href="#cite_ref-http://www.hindustantimes.com/_2015_315-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150407190743/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/4-000-indians-rescued-so-far-yemen-air-evacuation-op-to-end-on-wed/article1-1334906.aspx">"4,000 Indians rescued so far, Yemen air evacuation op to end on Wed"</a>. Hindustan Times. 7 April 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/4-000-indians-rescued-so-far-yemen-air-evacuation-op-to-end-on-wed/article1-1334906.aspx">the original</a> on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=4%2C000+Indians+rescued+so+far%2C+Yemen+air+evacuation+op+to+end+on+Wed&rft.date=2015-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2F4-000-indians-rescued-so-far-yemen-air-evacuation-op-to-end-on-wed%2Farticle1-1334906.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Times_of_India15-316"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Times_of_India15_316-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-evacuates-232-foreigners-including-Americans-Europeans-from-Yemen/articleshow/46839994.cms">"India evacuates 232 foreigners including Americans, Europeans from Yemen"</a>. The Times of India. 7 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150407231603/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-evacuates-232-foreigners-including-Americans-Europeans-from-Yemen/articleshow/46839994.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=India+evacuates+232+foreigners+including+Americans%2C+Europeans+from+Yemen&rft.date=2015-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FIndia-evacuates-232-foreigners-including-Americans-Europeans-from-Yemen%2Farticleshow%2F46839994.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=56489">"PIB Press Release"</a>. Pib.nic.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100211161535/http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=56489">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2010. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PIB+Press+Release&rft.pub=Pib.nic.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Frelease%2Frelease.asp%3Frelid%3D56489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20080611154057/http://www.chennaionline.com/columns/variety/05navy.asp">"Indian Navy on top of the world"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chennaionline.com/columns/variety/05navy.asp">the original</a> on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 2 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Navy+on+top+of+the+world&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chennaionline.com%2Fcolumns%2Fvariety%2F05navy.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101029075128/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2006/08/19/stories/2006081902510100.htm">"Chilling Out!"</a>. Archived from the original on 29 October 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chilling+Out%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hinduonnet.com%2Fthehindu%2Fmp%2F2006%2F08%2F19%2Fstories%2F2006081902510100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611211229/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200701312174.htm">"Navy team becomes first military unit to ski to South Pole"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200701312174.htm">the original</a> on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 2 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navy+team+becomes+first+military+unit+to+ski+to+South+Pole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2Fthehindu%2Fholnus%2F002200701312174.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925104102/http://www.rti.india.gov.in/cic_decisions/CIC_LS_A_2010_001190_M_42637.pdf">"CIC order"</a> (PDF). Right to Information. CIC, GoI. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rti.india.gov.in/cic_decisions/CIC_LS_A_2010_001190_M_42637.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Right+to+Information&rft.atitle=CIC+order&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rti.india.gov.in%2Fcic_decisions%2FCIC_LS_A_2010_001190_M_42637.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117183848/http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/OM2-020513.pdf">"Office Memorandum"</a> (PDF). MHA. MHA, GoI. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/OM2-020513.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 17 January 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MHA&rft.atitle=Office+Memorandum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mha.nic.in%2Fsites%2Fupload_files%2Fmha%2Ffiles%2FOM2-020513.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110326/jsp/nation/story_13768094.jsp">"For the paramilitary, all's in a new name"</a>. The Telegraph. The Telegraph Calcutta. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110326/jsp/nation/story_13768094.jsp">the original</a> on 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=For+the+paramilitary%2C+all%27s+in+a+new+name&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1110326%2Fjsp%2Fnation%2Fstory_13768094.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150827060649/http://www.indiancoastguard.nic.in/Indiancoastguard/mission/mission.html">"Mission"</a>. Indian Coast Guard. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiancoastguard.nic.in/Indiancoastguard/mission/mission.html">the original</a> on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mission&rft.pub=Indian+Coast+Guard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiancoastguard.nic.in%2FIndiancoastguard%2Fmission%2Fmission.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150928121157/http://www.indiancoastguard.nic.in/Indiancoastguard/history/morehistory.html">"Detailed History of Indian Coast Guard [ In Detail ]"</a>. Indian Coast Guard. ICG. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiancoastguard.nic.in/Indiancoastguard/history/morehistory.html">the original</a> on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Coast+Guard&rft.atitle=Detailed+History+of+Indian+Coast+Guard+%5B+In+Detail+%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiancoastguard.nic.in%2FIndiancoastguard%2Fhistory%2Fmorehistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150928121157/http://www.indiancoastguard.nic.in/Indiancoastguard/history/morehistory.html">"ICG More History"</a>. ICG. Indian Coast Guard. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiancoastguard.nic.in/Indiancoastguard/history/morehistory.html">the original</a> on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICG&rft.atitle=ICG+More+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiancoastguard.nic.in%2FIndiancoastguard%2Fhistory%2Fmorehistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about Indian Armed Forces <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Indian+Armed+Forces">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Indian+Armed+Forces&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIISS2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a> (25 February 2021). The Military Balance 2021. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781032012278" title="Special:BookSources/9781032012278"><bdi>9781032012278</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+Balance+2021&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021-02-25&rft.isbn=9781032012278&rft.au=International+Institute+for+Strategic+Studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIISS2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a> (14 February 2020). The Military Balance 2020. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780367466398" title="Special:BookSources/9780367466398"><bdi>9780367466398</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+Balance+2020&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020-02-14&rft.isbn=9780367466398&rft.au=International+Institute+for+Strategic+Studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIISS2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a> (15 February 2019). The Military Balance 2019. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781857439885" title="Special:BookSources/9781857439885"><bdi>9781857439885</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+Balance+2019&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft.isbn=9781857439885&rft.au=International+Institute+for+Strategic+Studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIISS2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a> (14 February 2018). The Military Balance 2018. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781857439557" title="Special:BookSources/9781857439557"><bdi>9781857439557</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+Balance+2018&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018-02-14&rft.isbn=9781857439557&rft.au=International+Institute+for+Strategic+Studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIISS2014" class="citation book cs1">International Institute for Strategic Studies (24 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LDNVEAAAQBAJ">The Military Balance 2014</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-67421-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-67421-7"><bdi>978-1-000-67421-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+Balance+2014&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021-12-24&rft.isbn=978-1-000-67421-7&rft.au=International+Institute+for+Strategic+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLDNVEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIISS2012" class="citation book cs1">International Institute for Strategic Studies (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RtlPYAAACAAJ">The Military Balance 2012</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-642-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-642-6"><bdi>978-1-85743-642-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+Balance+2012&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-642-6&rft.au=International+Institute+for+Strategic+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRtlPYAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIISS2010" class="citation book cs1">International Institute for Strategic Studies (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JwqCAQAACAAJ">The Military Balance 2010</a>. Taylor & Francis Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-557-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-557-3"><bdi>978-1-85743-557-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+Balance+2010&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-557-3&rft.au=International+Institute+for+Strategic+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJwqCAQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKundu1998" class="citation book cs1">Kundu, A (1998). Militarism in India. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9-781-860-64318-7" title="Special:BookSources/9-781-860-64318-7"><bdi>9-781-860-64318-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Militarism+in+India&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9-781-860-64318-7&rft.aulast=Kundu&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubramaniam2017" class="citation book cs1">Subramaniam, Arjun (2017). India's Wars: A Military History, 1947–1971. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68247-241-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68247-241-5"><bdi>978-1-68247-241-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Wars%3A+A+Military+History%2C+1947%E2%80%931971&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-68247-241-5&rft.aulast=Subramaniam&rft.aufirst=Arjun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Military_of_India" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Military of India">Military of India</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianarmy.nic.in/">Indian Army</a> – official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianairforce.nic.in/">Indian Air Force</a> – official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016110244/http://www.nausena-bharti.nic.in/">Indian Navy</a> – official website (archived 16 October 2012)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="18px_Indian_Armed_Forces" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_of_India" title="Template:Military of India"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_of_India" title="Template talk:Military of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military of India"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="18px_Indian_Armed_Forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Armed_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/18px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/27px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/36px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Minister of Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Secretary_(India)" title="Defence Secretary (India)">Defence Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(India)" title="National Security Advisor (India)">National Security Advisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of Defence Staff (India)">Chief of Defence Staff</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee">Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Chief of the Army Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Chief of the Naval Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Chief of the Air Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Chief of Integrated Defence Staff">Vice Chief of Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_General_Armed_Forces_Medical_Services_(India)" title="Director General Armed Forces Medical Services (India)">Director General Armed Forces Medical Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_generals_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of serving generals of the Indian Army">Serving generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_admirals_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of serving admirals of the Indian Navy">Serving admirals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_marshals_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of serving marshals of the Indian Air Force">Serving marshals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ministry and committees/councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Military_Affairs" title="Department of Military Affairs">Department of Military Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Department of Defence Research and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Ex-servicemen_Welfare" title="Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare">Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(India)" title="National Security Council (India)">National Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_Security" title="Cabinet Committee on Security">Cabinet Committee on Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_on_Defence_(India)" title="Standing Committee on Defence (India)">Standing Committee on Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Planning_Committee" title="Defence Planning Committee">Defence Planning Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Command_Authority_(India)" title="Nuclear Command Authority (India)">Nuclear Command Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Integrated Defence Staff">Integrated Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Agency_(India)" title="Defence Intelligence Agency (India)">Defence Intelligence Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Joint_warfare" title="Joint warfare">Joint</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_Tri-Service_Commands" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Armed Forces Tri-Service Commands">Integrated Theatre Commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Strategic Forces Command">Strategic Forces Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Commander-in-Chief, Strategic Forces Command">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Theatre_Command_(India)" title="Northern Theatre Command (India)">Northern Theatre Command (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Theatre_Command_(India)" title="Western Theatre Command (India)">Western Theatre Command (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Theatre_Command" title="Maritime Theatre Command">Maritime Theatre Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Cyber_Agency" title="Defence Cyber Agency">Defence Cyber Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Space_Agency" title="Defence Space Agency">Defence Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Special_Operations_Division" title="Armed Forces Special Operations Division">Armed Forces Special Operations Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Command_(India)" title="Central Command (India)">Central Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Command (India)">Eastern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Command_(India)" title="Northern Command (India)">Northern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Command_(India)" title="Southern Command (India)">Southern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Command_(India)" title="South Western Command (India)">South Western Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Command_(India)" title="Western Command (India)">Western Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Training_Command" title="Army Training Command">Army Training Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Naval_Command" title="Western Naval Command">Western Naval Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Naval_Command" title="Eastern Naval Command">Eastern Naval Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Naval_Command" title="Southern Naval Command">Southern Naval Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Air_Command_(India)" title="Central Air Command (India)">Central Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Air Command (India)">Eastern Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Southern Air Command (India)">Southern Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Air_Command" title="South Western Air Command">South Western Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Air_Command_(India)" title="Western Air Command (India)">Western Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_Command_(India)" title="Training Command (India)">Training Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_Command" title="Maintenance Command">Maintenance Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cadet_Corps_(India)" title="National Cadet Corps (India)">National Cadet Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_forces_of_India" title="Special forces of India">Special forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Army_(India)" title="Territorial Army (India)">Territorial Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_India" title="Military academies in India">Military Academies</a></li> <li>Ranks and insignia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Army ranks and insignia of India">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of India">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force ranks and insignia of India">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard#Rank_insignia" title="Indian Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation#Ranks" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India#Ranks_and_insignia" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces">Awards and Decorations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_of_India" title="List of military operations of India">Operations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asal_Uttar" title="Battle of Asal Uttar">Battle of Asal Uttar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chawinda" title="Battle of Chawinda">Battle of Chawinda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">1971</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Naval_War_of_1971" title="Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971">Naval War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan_Air_Operations_(1971)" title="East Pakistan Air Operations (1971)">Air War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chamb">Battle of Chamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Trident_(1971)" title="Operation Trident (1971)">Operation Trident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cactus-Lilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Cactus-Lilly">Operation Cactus-Lilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Longewala" title="Battle of Longewala">Battle of Longewala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">External conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_conflict" title="Siachen conflict">Siachen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Indo-Pakistani border skirmishes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%932002_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_standoff" title="2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff">Operation Parakram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmish" title="2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2014–2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932018_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2016–2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">Balakot airstrike</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Actual_Control" title="Line of Actual Control">Sino-Indian border skirmish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumdorong_Chu_standoff" title="Sumdorong Chu standoff">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathu_La_and_Cho_La_clashes" title="Nathu La and Cho La clashes">Nathu La and Cho La clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_China%E2%80%93India_border_standoff" title="2017 China–India border standoff">Doklam standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_China%E2%80%93India_skirmishes" title="2020–2021 China–India skirmishes">2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_intervention_in_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War">Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Maldives_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Maldives coup d'état attempt">Operation Cactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_airlift_of_Indians_from_Kuwait" title="1990 airlift of Indians from Kuwait">Evacuation of Indian civilians from Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia" title="Piracy off the coast of Somalia">Piracy off the coast of Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Raahat" title="Operation Raahat">Operation Raahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Devi_Shakti" title="Operation Devi Shakti">Operation Devi Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Indian_counter-insurgency_operation_in_Myanmar" title="2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar">Indo-Myanmar border strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Annexations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Operation Polo (Hyderabad)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Operation Vijay (Portuguese India - Goa, Damaon, Silvassa & Diu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Junagadh" title="Annexation of Junagadh">Junagadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" title="Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Insurgencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency in Punjab">Punjab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blue_Star" title="Operation Blue Star">Operation Blue Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Woodrose" title="Operation Woodrose">Operation Woodrose</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Kashmir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_operations_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir">Counter-insurgency operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Line_of_Control_strike" title="2016 Indian Line of Control strike">LOC surgical strike</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Factory_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance Factory Board">Ordnance Factory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_military_missiles" title="List of Indian military missiles">Ballistic missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of equipment of the Indian Army">List of equipment of the Indian Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Navy_ships" title="List of active Indian Navy ships">Active Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of ships of the Indian Navy">Historical Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_systems_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Weapon systems of the Indian Navy">Weapon Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Future of the Indian Navy">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft" title="List of active Indian military aircraft">Active Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_aircraft_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of historical aircraft of the Indian Air Force">Historical Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Air_Force_aircraft_squadrons" title="List of active Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons">Aircraft Squadrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="Future of the Indian Air Force">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ensuring_Secure_Seas:_Indian_Maritime_Security_Strategy" title="Ensuring Secure Seas: Indian Maritime Security Strategy">Indian Maritime Security Strategy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_fleet_review" title="President's fleet review">President's fleet review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Colour_Award" title="President's Colour Award">President's Colour Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Women in the Indian Armed Forces">Women in the Indian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Flag_Day" title="Armed Forces Flag Day">Armed Forces Flag Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Tribunal" title="Armed Forces Tribunal">Armed Forces Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_rank_flags" title="Indian Armed Forces rank flags">Indian Armed Forces rank flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_military_bands" title="Indian military bands">Indian military bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Jawan_Jyoti" title="Amar Jawan Jyoti">Amar Jawan Jyoti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_of_India" title="Category:Military of India">Category</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Army" title="Category:Indian Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Navy" title="Category:Indian Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Air_Force" title="Category:Indian Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Militaries_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_of_Asia" title="Template:Military of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Military of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Militaries_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Militaries of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Armed_Forces" title="Afghan Armed Forces">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Armenia" title="Armed Forces of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Armed_Forces" title="Azerbaijani Armed Forces">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_Defence_Force" title="Bahrain Defence Force">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Armed_Forces" title="Bangladesh Armed Forces">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Bhutan" title="Military of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Brunei Armed Forces">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Cambodian Armed Forces">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Armed_Forces" title="Egyptian Armed Forces">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Forces_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Forces of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Armed_Forces" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Armed_Forces" title="Jordanian Armed Forces">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army" title="Korean People's Army">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of Korea Armed Forces">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Military_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwait Military Forces">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Kyrgyz_Republic" title="Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Armed_Forces" title="Lao People's Armed Forces">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Armed_Forces" title="Lebanese Armed Forces">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces" title="Malaysian Armed Forces">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives_National_Defence_Force" title="Maldives National Defence Force">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Armed_Forces" title="Mongolian Armed Forces">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatmadaw" title="Tatmadaw">Myanmar (Burma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Armed_Forces" title="Nepalese Armed Forces">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Oman%27s_Armed_Forces" title="Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Armed_Forces" title="Qatar Armed Forces">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forces" title="Singapore Armed Forces">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Armed_Forces" title="Sri Lanka Armed Forces">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Armed_Forces" title="Syrian Armed Forces">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Thai Armed Forces">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_Leste_Defence_Force" title="Timor Leste Defence Force">Timor Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Turkmenistan" title="Armed Forces of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Armed_Forces" title="United Arab Emirates Armed Forces">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Uzbekistan" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Yemen_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Yemen Armed Forces">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Armed_Forces" title="Abkhazian Armed Forces">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_South_Ossetia" title="Armed Forces of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Forces_Command" title="Security Forces Command">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Security_Forces" title="Palestinian National Security Forces">Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies and other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Garrison" title="Hong Kong Garrison">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macao_Garrison" title="Macao Garrison">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Armed_Forces&oldid=1261631013">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Armed_Forces&oldid=1261631013</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_of_India" title="Category:Military of India">Military of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Category:Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence (India)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2021" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2021">Articles with dead external links from September 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_August_2016" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from August 2016">Articles lacking reliable references from August 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_generic_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: generic name">CS1 errors: generic name</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pages_semi-protected_against_vandalism" title="Category:Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism">Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2024">Use dmy dates from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_sidebar_with_the_child_parameter" title="Category:Pages using sidebar with the child parameter">Pages using sidebar with the child parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_June_2017" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2017">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_July_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2020">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_prone_to_spam_from_March_2017" title="Category:Articles prone to spam from March 2017">Articles prone to spam from March 2017</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 December 2024, at 02:35 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Armed_Forces&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-d745c49c7-6jts6","wgBackendResponseTime":143,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.780","walltime":"4.433","ppvisitednodes":{"value":26654,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":764994,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":31617,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":61,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1162641,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3736.707 1 -total"," 51.18% 1912.439 2 Template:Reflist"," 28.19% 1053.396 210 Template:Cite_web"," 8.71% 325.525 66 Template:Cite_news"," 7.74% 289.397 28 Template:Fix"," 5.76% 215.253 2 Template:Infobox"," 5.72% 213.761 13 Template:Update_inline"," 5.24% 195.818 1 Template:Infobox_national_military"," 4.80% 179.188 5 Template:Sfn"," 3.93% 146.944 4 Template:Sidebar"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.267","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":13950308,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAshok_Sharma2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBagchi2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChild1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohen\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDam2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDesmond/Kashmir1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunnigan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarver\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeorge2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGettlemanKumar2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibbons2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreaterKashmir.com_(Greater_Service)2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGupta\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIBTL2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIISS2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIISS2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIISS2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIISS2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIISS2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIISS2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIISS2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKanwal\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKapur2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatoch\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeck2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKulkarni2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumar2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKundu1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLadwig_Iii2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLele\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMajeed2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMallikarjun2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMallikarjun2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarasinghe1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinistry_of_Home_Affairs2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinistry_of_Home_Affairs2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNawaz2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNistula_Hebbar2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPTI2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPandit2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParliamentary_Standing_Committee_on_Home_Affairs2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPollack\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPraveen_Swami2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPubby2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPubby2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRabinowitz2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadyuhin2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajat_Pandit2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajat_Pandit2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRanaSarna2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott2007–2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShalini_Singh2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShukla2013\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpecial_Correspondent2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSubramaniam2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSubramanian2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFT._S._Subramanian2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTianFleurantKuimovaWezeman2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTuteja\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWirsing1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFY._Mallikarjun2011\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 12,\n [\"Air force\"] = 2,\n [\"Army\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bigger\"] = 2,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 7,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 11,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 22,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 66,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 210,\n [\"Coast guard\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 29,\n [\"Currency\"] = 2,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 2,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Doi\"] = 2,\n [\"Equivalent ranks of Indian military\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 5,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 2,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 4,\n [\"Further\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 7,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 6,\n [\"Hidden\"] = 1,\n [\"INRConvert\"] = 2,\n [\"INS\"] = 11,\n [\"Infobox\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox national military\"] = 1,\n [\"Library resources box\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 42,\n [\"Military of Asia\"] = 1,\n [\"Military of India\"] = 1,\n [\"Military of India sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Navy\"] = 2,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 4,\n [\"Note\"] = 1,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Prone to spam\"] = 1,\n [\"Ref\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sclass\"] = 19,\n [\"Sclass2\"] = 2,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 5,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"USD\"] = 1,\n [\"USSR\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulletedlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Unreliable source?\"] = 3,\n [\"Update inline\"] = 13,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 2,\n [\"Usurped\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 9,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","440","17.2"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","320","12.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","300","11.7"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","160","6.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","140","5.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","120","4.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","3.9"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","3.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","80","3.1"],["mw.executeFunction \u003Cmw.lua:507\u003E","60","2.3"],["[others]","760","29.7"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-754858f5b9-xq2p8","timestamp":"20241210182230","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Indian Armed Forces","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Armed_Forces","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q320919","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q320919","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-05-04T23:21:35Z","dateModified":"2024-12-07T02:35:20Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3f\/Armed_Forces.png","headline":"combined military forces of India"}</script> </body> </html>