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<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Genetic diversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetic_diversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Burmese cat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmaanse_kat" title="Birmaanse kat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Birmaanse kat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A" title="قط بورمي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قط بورمي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma_pi%C5%9Fiyi" title="Burma pişiyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Burma pişiyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Бірманскі кот – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бірманскі кот" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat_birm%C3%A0" title="Gat birmà – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gat birmà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barmsk%C3%A1_ko%C4%8Dka" title="Barmská kočka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Barmská kočka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmeserkat" title="Burmeserkat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Burmeserkat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma-Katze" title="Burma-Katze – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Burma-Katze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burm%C3%A9s" title="Burmés – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Burmés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="گربه برمه‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گربه برمه‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmaketta" title="Birmaketta – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Birmaketta" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese" title="Burmese – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Burmese" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_Burmach" title="Cat Burmach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cat Burmach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%84%EB%AF%B8%EC%A6%88" title="버미즈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="버미즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1_(%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF)" title="Բուրմա (կատուների ցեղատեսակ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուրմա (կատուների ցեղատեսակ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing_burma" title="Kucing burma – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kucing burma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_(gatto)" title="Burmese (gatto) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Burmese (gatto)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%99_(%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C)" title="בורמזי (חתול) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בורמזי (חתול)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmos_kat%C4%97" title="Burmos katė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Burmos katė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%89" title="قط بورمى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قط بورمى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing_Burma" title="Kucing Burma – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kucing Burma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဗမာကြောင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗမာကြောင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmees_(kattenras)" title="Burmees (kattenras) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Burmees (kattenras)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="バーミーズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バーミーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmeser_(katt)" title="Burmeser (katt) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Burmeser (katt)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birma_(mushuk_zoti)" title="Birma (mushuk zoti) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Birma (mushuk zoti)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kot_burmski" title="Kot burmski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kot burmski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birman%C3%AAs_(gato)" title="Birmanês (gato) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Birmanês (gato)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmez%C4%83" title="Burmeză – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Burmeză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BA)" title="Бурма (порода кошек) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бурма (порода кошек)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_cat" title="Burmese cat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Burmese cat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бурманска мачка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бурманска мачка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma_(kissa)" title="Burma (kissa) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Burma (kissa)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma_(kattras)" title="Burma (kattras) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Burma (kattras)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmanong_pusa" title="Birmanong pusa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Birmanong pusa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA" title="แมวเบอร์มีส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แมวเบอร์มีส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birman_kedisi" title="Birman kedisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Birman kedisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бурманська кішка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бурманська кішка" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Breed of cat</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the "Sacred Cat of Burma" cat breed, see <a href="/wiki/Birman" title="Birman">Birman</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Breed of cat</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biota"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above breed" style="background-color: #d3d3a4;">Burmese cat</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:British_burmese_-_Andel_Alois_at_Cat_show.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/British_burmese_-_Andel_Alois_at_Cat_show.JPG/220px-British_burmese_-_Andel_Alois_at_Cat_show.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/British_burmese_-_Andel_Alois_at_Cat_show.JPG/330px-British_burmese_-_Andel_Alois_at_Cat_show.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/British_burmese_-_Andel_Alois_at_Cat_show.JPG/440px-British_burmese_-_Andel_Alois_at_Cat_show.JPG 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="769" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Brown European male</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d3d3a4;"><span class="anchor" id="ibbs"></span>Breed standards</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cat_Fanciers%27_Association" title="Cat Fanciers' Association">CFA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cfa.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/burmese-standard.pdf">standard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_F%C3%A9line" title="Fédération Internationale Féline">FIFe</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fifeweb.org/app/uploads/2023/10/BUR.pdf">standard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association" title="The International Cat Association">TICA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tica.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/bu-bo.pdf">standard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/World_Cat_Federation" title="World Cat Federation">WCF</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wcf.de/pdf-en/breed/American_Burmese_2020-06_EN.pdf">standard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Cat_Federation" title="Australian Cat Federation">ACF</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acf.asn.au/notices/notices/standards/Group%20Three/Burmese%20Standard-2023.pdf">standard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Cat_Association" title="Canadian Cat Association">CCA-AFC</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cca-afc.com/documents/BreedStandards/BURMESE_20231109_172002.pdf">standard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Governing_Council_of_the_Cat_Fancy" title="Governing Council of the Cat Fancy">GCCF</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gccfcats.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Burmese.SOP_.Template-2.pdf">standard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Cat_Fancy" title="New Zealand Cat Fancy">NZCF</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzcf.com/file_downloads/sop/SH-19-BUR-2024.pdf">standard</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color: #d3d3a4;"><span class="vernacular"><a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Domestic cat</a></span> (<span class="binominal"><i>Felis catus</i></span>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geisha_One_Year_Old_(5640618397).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Geisha_One_Year_Old_%285640618397%29.jpg/220px-Geisha_One_Year_Old_%285640618397%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Geisha_One_Year_Old_%285640618397%29.jpg/330px-Geisha_One_Year_Old_%285640618397%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Geisha_One_Year_Old_%285640618397%29.jpg/440px-Geisha_One_Year_Old_%285640618397%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1572" data-file-height="1572" /></a><figcaption>A brown European adult showing the original coloration of the breed</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_Champagne_Burmese_Kitten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Female_Champagne_Burmese_Kitten.jpg/220px-Female_Champagne_Burmese_Kitten.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Female_Champagne_Burmese_Kitten.jpg/330px-Female_Champagne_Burmese_Kitten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Female_Champagne_Burmese_Kitten.jpg/440px-Female_Champagne_Burmese_Kitten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3784" data-file-height="2428" /></a><figcaption>A chocolate European female kitten</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BurMau_Vega_Star,_champagne_burmese_kitten_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/BurMau_Vega_Star%2C_champagne_burmese_kitten_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-BurMau_Vega_Star%2C_champagne_burmese_kitten_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/BurMau_Vega_Star%2C_champagne_burmese_kitten_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-BurMau_Vega_Star%2C_champagne_burmese_kitten_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/BurMau_Vega_Star%2C_champagne_burmese_kitten_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-BurMau_Vega_Star%2C_champagne_burmese_kitten_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3496" data-file-height="2091" /></a><figcaption>Chocolate American kitten</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Burmese cat</b> (<a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>: <span lang="my">ဗမာကြောင်</span>, <span title="Burmese-language text"><i lang="my-Latn">Băma kyaung</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">ทองแดง</span> or <span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">ศุภลักษณ์</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a>: </small><span title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription"><i lang="th-Latn">Thongdaeng</i></span> or <span title="Thai-language romanization"><i lang="th-Latn">Supphalak</i></span>, meaning copper colour) is a <a href="/wiki/Cat_breed" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat breed">breed</a> of domestic <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cat</a>, originating in <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a>, believed to have its roots near the <a href="/wiki/Myanmar%E2%80%93Thailand_border" title="Myanmar–Thailand border">Thai-Burma border</a> and developed in the United States and Britain. </p><p>Most modern Burmese are descendants of one female cat called <i>Wong Mau</i>, which was brought from Burma to the United States in 1930 and bred with American <a href="/wiki/Siamese_cat" title="Siamese cat">Siamese</a>. From there, American and British breeders developed distinctly different Burmese breed standards, which is unusual among <a href="/wiki/Pedigreed" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedigreed">pedigreed</a> <a href="/wiki/Domestic_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic cat">domestic cats</a>. Most modern <a href="/wiki/Cat_registry" title="Cat registry">cat registries</a> do not formally recognise the two as separate breeds, but those that do refer to the British type as the European Burmese. </p><p>Originally, all Burmese cats were dark brown (genetically black), but are now available in a wide variety of colours; formal recognition of these also varies by standard. Both versions of the breed are known for their uniquely social and playful temperament and persistent vocalisation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burmese_cat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1871, <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Weir" title="Harrison Weir">Harrison Weir</a> organised a cat show at the <a href="/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace" title="The Crystal Palace">Crystal Palace</a>, London. A pair of Siamese cats were on display that closely resembled modern American Burmese cats in build, thus probably similar to the modern <a href="/wiki/Tonkinese_(cat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonkinese (cat)">Tonkinese</a> breed. The first attempt to deliberately develop the Burmese in the late 19th century in Britain resulted in what were known as Chocolate Siamese rather than a breed in their own right; this view persisted for many years, encouraging <a href="/wiki/Crossbreed" title="Crossbreed">crossbreeding</a> between Burmese and Siamese in an attempt to more closely conform to the Siamese build. The breed thus slowly died out in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-BCCUK_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BCCUK-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cheesman_Thompson" title="Joseph Cheesman Thompson">Joseph Cheesman Thompson</a> imported Wong Mau, a dark female cat, into <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco</a> in 1930. Thompson considered the cat's build to be sufficiently different from the Siamese to still have potential as a fully separate breed. Wong Mau was bred with Tai Mau, a seal point Siamese, and then bred with her son to produce dark brown kittens that became the foundation of a new, distinctive strain of Burmese. In 1936, the <a href="/wiki/Cat_Fanciers%27_Association" title="Cat Fanciers' Association">Cat Fanciers' Association</a> (CFA) granted the breed formal recognition. However, due to continued extensive outcrossing with <a href="/wiki/Siamese_(cat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siamese (cat)">Siamese cats</a> to increase the population, the original type was overwhelmed, and the CFA suspended breed recognition a decade later.<sup id="cite_ref-UBCF_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UBCF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attempts by various American breeders to refine the unique Burmese standard persisted, however, and in 1954, the CFA lifted the suspension permanently.<sup id="cite_ref-UBCF_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UBCF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1958, the United Burmese Cat Fanciers (UBCF) compiled an American judging standard that has remained essentially unchanged since its adoption.<sup id="cite_ref-UBCF_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UBCF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, in the UK, interest in the breed was reviving. The cats that composed the new British breeding program were of a variety of builds, including some imported from the United States. By 1952, three true generations had been produced in Britain and the breed was recognised by the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Governing_Council_of_the_Cat_Fancy" title="Governing Council of the Cat Fancy">Governing Council of the Cat Fancy</a> (GCCF). Since the 1950s, countries in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> and Europe started importing British Burmese; as a result, most countries have based their standard on the British model. </p><p>Historically, the two versions of the breed were kept strictly distinct genetically.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> European Burmese (also known as "traditional") were declassed as a breed by the CFA in the 1980s. The GCCF banned the registration of all Burmese imported from the United States in order to preserve the "traditional" bloodlines.<sup id="cite_ref-GCCF_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCCF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most modern <a href="/wiki/Cat_registry" title="Cat registry">cat registries</a> do not formally recognise these dual standards as representing separate breeds, but those that do refer to the British type as the European Burmese.<sup id="cite_ref-CFAEUR_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFAEUR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recently,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (May 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association" title="The International Cat Association">The International Cat Association</a> (TICA) and CFA clubs have started using the American breed standard at select shows in Europe. </p><p>During the early period of breed development, it became clear that Wong Mau herself was genetically a <a href="/wiki/Crossbreed" title="Crossbreed">crossbreed</a> between a Siamese and Burmese type. This early <a href="/wiki/Crossbreed" title="Crossbreed">crossbreed</a> type was later developed as a separate breed, known today as the <a href="/wiki/Tonkinese_(cat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonkinese (cat)">Tonkinese</a>. Burmese cats have also been instrumental in the development of the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_(cat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay (cat)">Bombay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Burmilla" title="Burmilla">Burmilla</a>, among others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burmese_cat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appearance">Appearance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burmese_cat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Side facial profile comparison</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BUR_LV_Malsan_Tiffani_(4502325566)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/BUR_LV_Malsan_Tiffani_%284502325566%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-BUR_LV_Malsan_Tiffani_%284502325566%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/BUR_LV_Malsan_Tiffani_%284502325566%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-BUR_LV_Malsan_Tiffani_%284502325566%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/BUR_LV_Malsan_Tiffani_%284502325566%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-BUR_LV_Malsan_Tiffani_%284502325566%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3418" data-file-height="2900" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Lilac tortoiseshell American adult</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Planning_Ahead_(7899520426)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Planning_Ahead_%287899520426%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Planning_Ahead_%287899520426%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Planning_Ahead_%287899520426%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Planning_Ahead_%287899520426%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Planning_Ahead_%287899520426%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Planning_Ahead_%287899520426%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1706" data-file-height="1807" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Chocolate European adult</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Body shape comparison</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82.jpg/200px-%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82.jpg/300px-%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82.jpg/400px-%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="642" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Chocolate American adult</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_burmese_-_Alfa_Felis_in_Cat_Show_Porvoo_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/British_burmese_-_Alfa_Felis_in_Cat_Show_Porvoo_%28cropped%29.JPG/200px-British_burmese_-_Alfa_Felis_in_Cat_Show_Porvoo_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/British_burmese_-_Alfa_Felis_in_Cat_Show_Porvoo_%28cropped%29.JPG/300px-British_burmese_-_Alfa_Felis_in_Cat_Show_Porvoo_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/British_burmese_-_Alfa_Felis_in_Cat_Show_Porvoo_%28cropped%29.JPG/400px-British_burmese_-_Alfa_Felis_in_Cat_Show_Porvoo_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Chocolate European adult</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The two standards differ mainly in head and body shape. The British or traditional ideal tends toward a more slender, long-bodied cat with a wedge-shaped head, large pointed ears, long tapering muzzle and moderately almond-shaped eyes. The legs should likewise be long, with neat oval paws. The tail tapers to medium length.<sup id="cite_ref-BCS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BCS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American (also called "contemporary") Burmese is a noticeably stockier cat, with a much broader head, round eyes and distinctively shorter, flattened muzzle; the ears are wider at the base. Legs and tail should be proportionate to the body, medium-length, and the paws also rounded. </p><p>In either case, Burmese are a small to medium size breed, tending to be about 4–6 kg (9–13 lb), but are nevertheless substantially-built, muscular cats and should feel heavy for their size when held – "a brick wrapped in silk".<sup id="cite_ref-ENCYCLOPEDIA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENCYCLOPEDIA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coat_and_colour">Coat and colour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burmese_cat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Coat and colour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In either standard, the coat should be very short, fine and glossy, with a satin-like finish. Colour is solid and must be uniform over the body, only gradually shading to lighter underparts. Faint <a href="/wiki/Point_(coat_color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Point (coat color)">colourpoint</a> markings may be visible, but any barring or spotting is considered a serious fault.<sup id="cite_ref-BCCUK_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BCCUK-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eyes are green or gold depending on coat colour. </p><p>The breed's original standard colour is a distinctively rich dark brown (genetically black), variously known as sable (USA), brown (UK, Australia) or seal (New Zealand). It is the result of the Burmese gene (c<sup>b</sup>), part of the albino series. This gene causes a reduction in the amount of pigment produced, converting black into brown and rendering all other colours likewise paler than their usual expression.<sup id="cite_ref-GENES_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GENES-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The action of the gene also produces the modified colourpoint effect, which is more noticeable in young kittens. </p><p>The first blue Burmese was born in 1955 in Britain, followed by red, cream, and <a href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell_cat" title="Tortoiseshell cat">tortoiseshell</a> over the next decades. Chocolate ("champagne" in the USA) first appeared in the United States. Lilac ("platinum" in the USA), the last major variant to appear, was likewise developed in the USA beginning in 1971. Currently, the British GCCF standard recognises solid brown, chocolate, blue, lilac, red and cream, as well as the tortoiseshell pattern on a base of brown, chocolate, blue or lilac. </p><p>In the USA, chocolate ("champagne"), blue, and lilac ("platinum") cats were first formally considered a separate breed, the Malayan, in 1979. This distinction was abolished in 1984, but until 2010, the CFA continued to place the brown ("sable") Burmese into a separate division, bundling all other recognised colours into a "dilute division" and judging them separately.<sup id="cite_ref-CFABA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFABA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, the CFA standard still recognises the Burmese only in sable, blue, chocolate ("champagne"), and lilac ("platinum").<sup id="cite_ref-CFABURMESE_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFABURMESE-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other colours have been developed from this initial base set, with varying degrees of popularity and recognition. In 1989 a cinnamon breeding programme was started in the Netherlands; the first fawn kitten was born in 1998. Cinnamon, fawn, caramel, and apricot Burmese have also been developed in New Zealand, as have tortoiseshell variants of all these colours.<sup id="cite_ref-ACB_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACB-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NZCAT_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZCAT-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new colour <a href="/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation">mutation</a> ("russet") appeared in New Zealand in 2007. This line has an initially dark pigment in the cats' coats, which fades as they grow, eventually becoming a paler orange colour.<sup id="cite_ref-PIGMENT_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIGMENT-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GIP_HU_Alba_Regia_Ganxsta_Gizi_(Gizi)_BUR_h_female_EX1_CAPS_NOM.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chocolate tortoiseshell American adult"><img alt="Chocolate tortoiseshell American adult" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/GIP_HU_Alba_Regia_Ganxsta_Gizi_%28Gizi%29_BUR_h_female_EX1_CAPS_NOM.JPG/183px-GIP_HU_Alba_Regia_Ganxsta_Gizi_%28Gizi%29_BUR_h_female_EX1_CAPS_NOM.JPG" decoding="async" width="183" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/GIP_HU_Alba_Regia_Ganxsta_Gizi_%28Gizi%29_BUR_h_female_EX1_CAPS_NOM.JPG/274px-GIP_HU_Alba_Regia_Ganxsta_Gizi_%28Gizi%29_BUR_h_female_EX1_CAPS_NOM.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/GIP_HU_Alba_Regia_Ganxsta_Gizi_%28Gizi%29_BUR_h_female_EX1_CAPS_NOM.JPG/366px-GIP_HU_Alba_Regia_Ganxsta_Gizi_%28Gizi%29_BUR_h_female_EX1_CAPS_NOM.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1282" data-file-height="1401" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chocolate tortoiseshell American adult</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Geisha_p%C3%A5_fluff_(4735888531).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brown European kitten. The temperature sensitive colourpoint restriction gene causes black sepia kittens to be born with light coats."><img alt="Brown European kitten. The temperature sensitive colourpoint restriction gene causes black sepia kittens to be born with light coats." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Geisha_p%C3%A5_fluff_%284735888531%29.jpg/200px-Geisha_p%C3%A5_fluff_%284735888531%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Geisha_p%C3%A5_fluff_%284735888531%29.jpg/300px-Geisha_p%C3%A5_fluff_%284735888531%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Geisha_p%C3%A5_fluff_%284735888531%29.jpg/400px-Geisha_p%C3%A5_fluff_%284735888531%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brown European kitten. The temperature sensitive colourpoint restriction gene causes black sepia kittens to be born with light coats.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elsa_(5913477967).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lilac European adult"><img alt="Lilac European adult" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Elsa_%285913477967%29.jpg/200px-Elsa_%285913477967%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Elsa_%285913477967%29.jpg/300px-Elsa_%285913477967%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Elsa_%285913477967%29.jpg/400px-Elsa_%285913477967%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lilac European adult</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_burmese_-_Artiste_peintre_de_Supercool.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cream European adult"><img alt="Cream European adult" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/British_burmese_-_Artiste_peintre_de_Supercool.JPG/154px-British_burmese_-_Artiste_peintre_de_Supercool.JPG" decoding="async" width="154" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/British_burmese_-_Artiste_peintre_de_Supercool.JPG/231px-British_burmese_-_Artiste_peintre_de_Supercool.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/British_burmese_-_Artiste_peintre_de_Supercool.JPG/309px-British_burmese_-_Artiste_peintre_de_Supercool.JPG 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="820" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cream European adult</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MerlintheBlueBurmese.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blue European adult"><img alt="Blue European adult" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/MerlintheBlueBurmese.jpg/170px-MerlintheBlueBurmese.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/MerlintheBlueBurmese.jpg/255px-MerlintheBlueBurmese.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/MerlintheBlueBurmese.jpg/340px-MerlintheBlueBurmese.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1411" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Blue European adult</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temperament">Temperament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burmese_cat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Temperament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burmese are a notably people-oriented breed, maintaining their kitten-like energy and playfulness into adulthood. They are also said to have a number of overtly <a href="/wiki/Dog-like_cat" title="Dog-like cat">puppy-like characteristics</a>, forming strong bonds with their owners and gravitating toward human activity. The cats often learn to play games such as 'fetch' and 'tag'.<sup id="cite_ref-CFABURMESE_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFABURMESE-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Veterinarian Joan O. Joshua has written that the "dog-like attachment to the owners" of the Burmese, as with the similarly behaving <a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_cats" class="mw-redirect" title="Abyssinian cats">Abyssinians</a>, causes "greater dependence on human contacts". This stands in contrast to the mere "tolerant acceptance of human company" based around "comforts" that other breeds display.<sup id="cite_ref-JOAN_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JOAN-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are persistently vocal, in a manner reminiscent of their Siamese ancestry, yet they have softer, sweeter voices. Burmese are not as independent as other breeds and are not suited to being left alone for extended periods of time.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burmese_cat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Burmese gene is also present in some other cat breeds, particularly the established rex breeds, where it can be fully expressed in its <a href="/wiki/Zygosity" title="Zygosity">homozygous</a> form (c<sup>b</sup>c<sup>b</sup>) (referred to as Burmese Colour Restriction or Sepia). The same gene can also be combined with the Siamese gene (c<sup>b</sup>c<sup>s</sup>) to produce either darker points or a light-on-dark-brown coat, similar to the Burmese chocolate (champagne in the USA), known as "mink".<sup id="cite_ref-CFADEVON_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFADEVON-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CFALAPERM_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFALAPERM-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Asian_cat" title="Asian cat">Asian Group</a> cat breed is related to the Burmese; the Asian is physically similar but comes in different patterns and colours.<sup id="cite_ref-GENETICS1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GENETICS1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Singapura_(cat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Singapura (cat)">Singapura</a> is always homozygous for the Burmese gene, combining it with a ticked tabby pattern. Snow <a href="/wiki/Bengal_(cat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal (cat)">Bengals</a> with eye colours other than blue also have the gene.<sup id="cite_ref-GENETICS2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GENETICS2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lineage of Burmese cats known as "Contemporary Burmese" often hosts a 4-aminoacid deletion on the <a href="/wiki/ALX1" title="ALX1">ALX1</a> gene. <a href="/wiki/Heterozygosity" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterozygosity">Heterozygosity</a> of the mutation results in brachicephaly, while <a href="/wiki/Homozygosity" class="mw-redirect" title="Homozygosity">homozygosity</a> results in a profound head malformation known as the Burmese head defect, usually incompatible with life.<sup id="cite_ref-ufaw-burmese_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ufaw-burmese-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetic_diversity">Genetic diversity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burmese_cat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Genetic diversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2008 study conducted at <a href="/wiki/UC_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Davis">UC Davis</a> by the team led by feline geneticist Dr Leslie Lyons found that the American Burmese has the second lowest level of genetic diversity (after the <a href="/wiki/Singapura_(cat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Singapura (cat)">Singapura</a>) of all the breeds studied, and concludes that this situation should be addressed.<sup id="cite_ref-SUPERREFERENCE_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUPERREFERENCE-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CFA observes that "breeders are reporting less hearty litters, smaller adults, smaller litters, and immune system problems, all of which point towards inbreeding depression becoming more common." The Burmese breed council currently allows outcrossing using <a href="/wiki/Bombay_(cat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay (cat)">Bombay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonkinese_(cat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonkinese (cat)">Tonkinese</a> and Burmese type cats imported from Southeast Asia to improve genetic diversity.<sup id="cite_ref-GENETICDIVERSITY1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GENETICDIVERSITY1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_F%C3%A9line" title="Fédération Internationale Féline">Fédération Internationale Féline</a> (FIFe) excludes novice show cats from breeding.<sup id="cite_ref-GENETICDIVERSITY2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GENETICDIVERSITY2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burmese_cat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2016 study in England of veterinary records found the Burmese to have a higher prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_in_cats" title="Diabetes in cats">diabetes mellitus</a> compared to other breeds with 2.27% of Burmese having the condition compared to the overall rate of 0.58%.<sup id="cite_ref-HEALTH_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HEALTH-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An Australian study in 2009 found a prevalence of 22.1% compared to an overall rate of 7.4%.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study of veterinary records in the UK found an average life expectancy of 14.42 years for the Burmese with a sample size of 45, the highest in the study and higher than the overall of 11.74 years.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Certain UK bloodlines suffer from an acute teething disorder in young kittens (FOPS: Feline Orofacial Pain Syndrome), where the eruption of the second teeth causes extreme discomfort and the young cat tears at its face to try to alleviate the pain. Eruption of the new teeth in the jaw that causes the problem; these cannot be removed until they have erupted, by which time the problem ceases. Pain relief intervention should be considered, to prevent overt self-trauma. Apart from scarring caused by the self-mutilation, the cat seems to recover completely.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Burmese is predisposed to <a href="/wiki/Hypotrichosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypotrichosis">congenital hypotrichosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Burmese is one of the more commonly affected breeds for <a href="/wiki/Gangliosidosis_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangliosidosis 2">gangliosidosis 2</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Autosomal_recessive" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal recessive">autosomal recessive</a> mutation of the <a href="/wiki/HEXB" title="HEXB">HEXB</a> gene is responsible for the condition in the breed.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Burmese is the cat breed most often affected by <a href="/wiki/Hypokalaemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypokalaemia">hypokalaemia</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Autosomal_recessive" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal recessive">autosomal recessive</a> mutation of the <a href="/wiki/WNK4" title="WNK4">WNK4</a> gene is responsible for congenital forms of hypokalaemia in the breed.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Burmese is the most commonly affected breed for <a href="/wiki/Feline_orofacial_pain_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Feline orofacial pain syndrome">feline orofacial pain syndrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burmese_cat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span 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title="Crossbreeding">crossbreeding</a> between <a href="/wiki/Siamese_cat" title="Siamese cat">Siamese</a> and Burmese cats.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppy_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Puppy cat">Puppy cat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burmese_cat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BCCUK-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BCCUK_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BCCUK_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRosemary_Hale" class="citation web cs1">Rosemary Hale. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://burmesecatclub.com/history-of-burmese/">"History of Burmese"</a>. burmesecatclub.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Burmese&rft.pub=burmesecatclub.com&rft.au=Rosemary+Hale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fburmesecatclub.com%2Fhistory-of-burmese%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurmese+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UBCF-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UBCF_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UBCF_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UBCF_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Burmese Cat by: Rosemond S. Peltz, MD</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GCCF-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GCCF_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gccfcats.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Burmese-Breed-Registration-Policy.October2023.pdf">"GCCF Burmese Registration Policy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The <a href="/wiki/Governing_Council_of_the_Cat_Fancy" title="Governing Council of the Cat Fancy">Governing Council of the Cat Fancy</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GCCF+Burmese+Registration+Policy&rft.pub=The+Governing+Council+of+the+Cat+Fancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gccfcats.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F11%2FBurmese-Breed-Registration-Policy.October2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurmese+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CFAEUR-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CFAEUR_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cfa.org/breed/european-burmese/">"Breed Profile: The European Burmese"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241011041115/https://cfa.org/breed/european-burmese/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+of+Points+-+October+2009&rft.pub=burmesecatassociation.org&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.burmesecatassociation.org%2Findex.php%2Ffaqs%2Fstandard-of-points.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurmese+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ENCYCLOPEDIA-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ENCYCLOPEDIA_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Cats| <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7894-1970-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7894-1970-5">978-0-7894-1970-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GENES-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GENES_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.messybeast.com/gene-loci.htm">"Genes and Alleles Summary"</a>. 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Brodbelt, Dave C; Church, David B; O’Neill, Dan G (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11156239">"Life tables of annual life expectancy and risk factors for mortality in cats in the UK"</a>. <i>Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery</i>. <b>26</b> (5). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1098612X241234556">10.1177/1098612X241234556</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1098-612X">1098-612X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11156239">11156239</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Feline+Medicine+and+Surgery&rft.atitle=Life+tables+of+annual+life+expectancy+and+risk+factors+for+mortality+in+cats+in+the+UK&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11156239%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1098-612X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1098612X241234556&rft.aulast=Teng&rft.aufirst=Kendy+Tzu-yun&rft.au=Brodbelt%2C+Dave+C&rft.au=Church%2C+David+B&rft.au=O%E2%80%99Neill%2C+Dan+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11156239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurmese+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRusbridgeHeathGunn-MooreKnowler2010" class="citation journal cs1">Rusbridge, Clare; Heath, Sarah; Gunn-Moore, Danièlle A.; Knowler, Susan Penelope; Johnston, Norman; McFadyen, Angus Kennedy (June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7128958">"Feline orofacial pain syndrome (FOPS): a retrospective study of 113 cases"</a>. <i>Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery</i>. <b>12</b> (6): 498–508. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jfms.2010.03.005">10.1016/j.jfms.2010.03.005</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1532-2750">1532-2750</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7128958">7128958</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20451434">20451434</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Feline+Medicine+and+Surgery&rft.atitle=Feline+orofacial+pain+syndrome+%28FOPS%29%3A+a+retrospective+study+of+113+cases&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=498-508&rft.date=2010-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7128958%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1532-2750&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20451434&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jfms.2010.03.005&rft.aulast=Rusbridge&rft.aufirst=Clare&rft.au=Heath%2C+Sarah&rft.au=Gunn-Moore%2C+Dani%C3%A8lle+A.&rft.au=Knowler%2C+Susan+Penelope&rft.au=Johnston%2C+Norman&rft.au=McFadyen%2C+Angus+Kennedy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7128958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurmese+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHnilicaPatterson2016" class="citation book cs1">Hnilica, Keith A.; Patterson, Adam P. (19 September 2016). <i>Small Animal Dermatology</i>. St. Louis (Miss.): Saunders. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-37651-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-37651-8"><bdi>978-0-323-37651-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Small+Animal+Dermatology&rft.place=St.+Louis+%28Miss.%29&rft.pub=Saunders&rft.date=2016-09-19&rft.isbn=978-0-323-37651-8&rft.aulast=Hnilica&rft.aufirst=Keith+A.&rft.au=Patterson%2C+Adam+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurmese+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliverMellersh2020" class="citation book cs1">Oliver, James A.C.; Mellersh, Cathryn S. (2020). "Genetics". In Cooper, Barbara; Mullineaux, Elizabeth; Turner, Lynn (eds.). <i>BSAVA Textbook of Veterinary Nursing</i> (Sixth ed.). British Small Animal Veterinary Association. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-910-44339-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-910-44339-2"><bdi>978-1-910-44339-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genetics&rft.btitle=BSAVA+Textbook+of+Veterinary+Nursing&rft.pages=131&rft.edition=Sixth&rft.pub=British+Small+Animal+Veterinary+Association&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-910-44339-2&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=James+A.C.&rft.au=Mellersh%2C+Cathryn+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurmese+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliverMellersh2020" class="citation book cs1">Oliver, James A.C.; Mellersh, Cathryn S. (2020). "Genetics". In Cooper, Barbara; Mullineaux, Elizabeth; Turner, Lynn (eds.). <i>BSAVA Textbook of Veterinary Nursing</i> (Sixth ed.). 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Dorling Kindersley Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86318-371-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86318-371-9"><bdi>0-86318-371-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ultimate+Cat+Book&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley+Publishers&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-86318-371-9&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurmese+cat" class="Z3988"></span> 4th printing.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burmese_cat&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Burmese_cats" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Burmese cats">Burmese cats</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://burmesecat.org">National Alliance of Burmese Breeders, a CFA-affiliated Burmese Club</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pawpeds.com/db/?p=bur">Burmese pedigree database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://burmesepedigrees.com">Burmese-Burmilla pedigree database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://burmesecatclub.nz/">Burmese Cat Club of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://burmesecatassociation.org/">UK Burmese Cat Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://burmesecatclub.com">The Burmese Cat Club</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yourpetplanet.com/brown-cat-breeds/">Burmese Brown Cat Breeds Characteristics and more</a> also read about another brown cat breed <a href="/wiki/York_Chocolate" title="York Chocolate">York Chocolate</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://burmesecatsociety.org.uk">UK Burmese Cat Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://united-burmese.org">United Burmese Cat Fanciers (UBCF)</a> a non-affiliated global Burmese Cat Club</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Domestic_cat" title="Template:Domestic cat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Domestic_cat" title="Template talk:Domestic cat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Domestic_cat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Domestic cat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Domestic_cats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Domestic cats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Felinology" title="Felinology">Felinology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_anatomy" title="Cat anatomy">Anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_genetics" title="Cat genetics">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_cat" title="Dwarf cat">Dwarf cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd-eyed_cat" title="Odd-eyed cat">Odd-eyed cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squitten" title="Squitten">Squitten</a></li> <li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics" title="Cat coat genetics">Coat genetics</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicolor_cat" title="Bicolor cat">Bicolor cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat">Black cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calico_cat" title="Calico cat">Calico cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabby_cat" title="Tabby cat">Tabby cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell_cat" title="Tortoiseshell cat">Tortoiseshell cat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cat_health" title="Cat health">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_in_cats" title="Aging in cats">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychectomy" title="Onychectomy">Declawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food">Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dental_health_diets_for_cats" title="Dental health diets for cats">dental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_cat_diet" title="Senior cat diet">senior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_vaccination" title="Feline vaccination">Vaccination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cat_behavior" title="Cat behavior">Behavior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%E2%80%93dog_relationship" title="Cat–dog relationship">Cat–dog relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Catfight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catnip" title="Catnip">Catnip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(herb)" title="Valerian (herb)">valerian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meow" title="Meow">Meow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">Purr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneading_(cats)" title="Kneading (cats)">Kneading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_intelligence" title="Cat intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_play_and_toys" title="Cat play and toys">Play and toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex" title="Cat righting reflex">Righting reflex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_senses" title="Cat senses">Senses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_interaction_with_cats" title="Human interaction with cats">Human–cat<br />interaction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ailurophobia" title="Ailurophobia">Ailurophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_caf%C3%A9" title="Cat café">Cat cafés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cat_killers" title="Category:Cat killers">Cat killers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_massage" title="Cat massage">Cat massage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat-scratch_disease" title="Cat-scratch disease">Cat-scratch disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_show" title="Cat show">Cat show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Cats in ancient Egypt">Cats in ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_cats" title="Cultural depictions of cats">Cultural depictions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_felines" title="List of fictional felines">fictional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_and_the_Internet" title="Cats and the Internet">Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog-like_cat" title="Dog-like cat">Dog-like cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">Feral cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_cats" title="Islam and cats">Cats and Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolcat" title="Lolcat">Lolcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cat_Day" title="National Cat Day">National Cat Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">Pet cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_cat" title="Working cat">Working cat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodega_cat" title="Bodega cat">Bodega cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_cat" title="Farm cat">Farm cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_cat" title="Library cat">Library cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_cat" title="Ship's cat">Ship's cat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_zoonosis" title="Feline zoonosis">Zoonosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cat_registry" title="Cat registry">Registries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Cat_Fanciers_Association" title="American Cat Fanciers Association">American Cat Fanciers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associazione_Nazionale_Felina_Italiana" title="Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana">Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Cat_Association" title="Canadian Cat Association">Canadian Cat Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Aficionado_Association" title="Cat Aficionado Association">Cat Aficionado Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Fanciers%27_Association" title="Cat Fanciers' Association">Cat Fanciers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_F%C3%A9line" title="Fédération Internationale Féline">Fédération Internationale Féline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governing_Council_of_the_Cat_Fancy" title="Governing Council of the Cat Fancy">Governing Council of the Cat Fancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Cat_Fancy" title="New Zealand Cat Fancy">New Zealand Cat Fancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa_Cat_Council" title="Southern Africa Cat Council">Southern Africa Cat Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association" title="The International Cat Association">The International Cat Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Cat_Congress" title="World Cat Congress">World Cat Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Cat_Federation" title="World Cat Federation">World Cat Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breeds<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds" title="List of cat breeds">full list</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_experimental_cat_breeds" title="List of experimental cat breeds">experimental</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fully<br />domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_cat" title="Abyssinian cat">Abyssinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Curl" title="American Curl">American Curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Shorthair" title="American Shorthair">American Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_cat" title="Balinese cat">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Shorthair" title="Brazilian Shorthair">Brazilian Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Shorthair" title="British Shorthair">British Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birman" title="Birman">Birman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_cat" title="Bombay cat">Bombay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmilla" title="Burmilla">Burmilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Spangled" title="California Spangled">California Spangled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartreux" title="Chartreux">Chartreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Li" title="Dragon Li">Chinese Li Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorpoint_Shorthair" title="Colorpoint Shorthair">Colorpoint Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Rex" title="Cornish Rex">Cornish Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymric_cat" title="Cymric cat">Cymric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Rex" title="Devon Rex">Devon Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donskoy_cat" title="Donskoy cat">Donskoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Mau" title="Egyptian Mau">Egyptian Mau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Shorthair" title="European Shorthair">European Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_Shorthair" title="Exotic Shorthair">Exotic Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldex_cat" title="Foldex cat">Foldex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Rex" title="German Rex">German Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_cat" title="Himalayan cat">Himalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Bobtail" title="Japanese Bobtail">Japanese Bobtail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_cat" title="Javanese cat">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khao_Manee" title="Khao Manee">Khao Manee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korat" title="Korat">Korat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurilian_Bobtail" title="Kurilian Bobtail">Kurilian Bobtail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lykoi" title="Lykoi">Lykoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Coon" title="Maine Coon">Maine Coon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_cat" title="Manx cat">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munchkin_cat" title="Munchkin cat">Munchkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neva_Masquerade" title="Neva Masquerade">Neva Masquerade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Forest_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Forest cat">Norwegian Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocicat" title="Ocicat">Ocicat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojos_Azules" title="Ojos Azules">Ojos Azules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Shorthair" title="Oriental Shorthair">Oriental Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_cat" title="Persian cat">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterbald" title="Peterbald">Peterbald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixie-bob" title="Pixie-bob">Pixie-bob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragdoll" title="Ragdoll">Ragdoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragamuffin_cat" title="Ragamuffin cat">Ragamuffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Blue" title="Russian Blue">Russian Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fold" title="Scottish Fold">Scottish Fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selkirk_Rex" title="Selkirk Rex">Selkirk Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamese_cat" title="Siamese cat">Siamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_cat" title="Siberian cat">Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapura_cat" title="Singapura cat">Singapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe_cat" title="Snowshoe cat">Snowshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cat" title="Somali cat">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphynx_cat" title="Sphynx cat">Sphynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cat" title="Thai cat">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Persian" title="Traditional Persian">Traditional Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkinese_cat" title="Tonkinese cat">Tonkinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyger" title="Toyger">Toyger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Angora" title="Turkish Angora">Turkish Angora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Van" title="Turkish Van">Turkish Van</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hybrid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_cat" title="Bengal cat">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chausie" title="Chausie">Chausie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlander_cat" title="Highlander cat">Highlander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_cat" title="Savannah cat">Savannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serengeti_cat" title="Serengeti cat">Serengeti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landrace" title="Landrace">Landraces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_cat" title="Aegean cat">Aegean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_cat" title="Cyprus cat">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellas_cat" title="Kellas cat">Kellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoke" title="Sokoke">Sokoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_cat" title="Van cat">Van</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_feline_diseases" title="List of feline diseases">Diseases and<br />disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feline_acne" title="Feline acne">Acne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_asthma" title="Feline asthma">Asthma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_calicivirus" title="Feline calicivirus">Calicivirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_sensorineural_deafness_in_cats" title="Congenital sensorineural deafness in cats">Congenital sensorineural deafness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_corneal_sequestrum" title="Feline corneal sequestrum">Feline corneal sequestrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_flea" title="Cat flea">Flea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coccidia" title="Coccidia">Coccidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirofilaria_immitis" title="Dirofilaria immitis">Heartworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_hepatic_lipidosis" title="Feline hepatic lipidosis">Hepatic lipidosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy#Related_disorders" title="Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus" title="Feline immunodeficiency virus">Immunodeficiency virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_infectious_peritonitis" title="Feline infectious peritonitis">Infectious peritonitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_leukemia_virus" title="Feline leukemia virus">Leukemia virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_lower_urinary_tract_disease" title="Feline lower urinary tract disease">Lower urinary tract disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnivore_protoparvovirus_1" title="Carnivore protoparvovirus 1">Panleukopenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giardiasis" title="Giardiasis">Giardiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydactyl_cat" title="Polydactyl cat">Polydactyly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabies_in_animals" title="Rabies in animals">Rabies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatophytosis" title="Dermatophytosis">Ringworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritrichomonas_foetus" title="Tritrichomonas foetus">Tritrichomonas foetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxocara_cati" title="Toxocara cati">Roundworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_skin_disorders" title="Cat skin disorders">Skin disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">Tick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis">Toxoplasmosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_viral_rhinotracheitis" title="Feline viral rhinotracheitis">Viral rhinotracheitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_by_country" title="Category:Cats by country">Cats by country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_Australia" title="Cats in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_Canada" title="Category:Cats in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_Japan" title="Category:Cats in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_New_Zealand" title="Cats in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Cats in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_the_United_States" title="Cats in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_cats" title="List of individual cats">List of individual cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-living_cats" title="List of longest-living cats">List of 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