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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> <p><b>法兰克福国民议会</b>（德語：<span lang="de">Frankfurter Nationalversammlung</span>）是在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%971848%E5%B9%B4%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="德意志1848年革命">德意志1848年革命</a>期间成立的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="国民议会">国民议会</a>，用以计划以<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="民主">民主</a>之方式统一<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德国">德国</a>。议会在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%A0%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="美因河畔法兰克福">法兰克福</a>召开，有831名众议员出席。</p> <table class="infobox vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ededed"><span class="fn org">法蘭克福國民議會</span> <br><span class="nickname" lang="German">Frankfurter Nationalversammlung</span></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B_(1848%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941849%E5%B9%B4)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="德意志帝國 (1848年—1849年)">德意志國</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Imperial_Coat_of_arms_of_Germany_(1848).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="國徽"><img alt="國徽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Imperial_Coat_of_arms_of_Germany_%281848%29.svg/170px-Imperial_Coat_of_arms_of_Germany_%281848%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Imperial_Coat_of_arms_of_Germany_%25281848%2529.svg/255px-Imperial_Coat_of_arms_of_Germany_%25281848%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Imperial_Coat_of_arms_of_Germany_%25281848%2529.svg/340px-Imperial_Coat_of_arms_of_Germany_%25281848%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="500"></a></span> <div class="infobox-caption"> 國徽 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed;">历史</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">成立</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">1848年5月18日<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1848-05-18</span>)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">解散</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">1849年5月30日<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1849-05-30</span>)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">前身</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83_(%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="邦聯議會 (德意志邦聯)">邦聯議會 (德意志邦聯)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">继任</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83_(%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="邦聯議會 (德意志邦聯)">邦聯議會 (德意志邦聯)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed;">领导</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"> 總理 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;line-height:1.3em"> 弗里德里希·朗格 (第一任) <br><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%90%BD%E5%A8%81&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="威廉·落威（页面不存在）">威廉·落威</a> (末任) </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;line-height:1.3em"> 總理 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;line-height:1.3em"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE_(%E8%90%8A%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%B9%E8%A6%AA%E7%8E%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卡爾 (萊寧根親王)">卡尔·祖·雷宁根</a> (第一任)<br> 奥古斯特·路德维西·祖·萨耶-维特根斯坦-博尔勒贝格 (末任)<i></i> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed;">选举</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"> 初次选举 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1848%E5%B9%B4%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1848年德國聯邦選舉（页面不存在）">1848年德國聯邦選舉</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed;">会议地点</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Nationalversammlung_1848.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="1848 年6月國民議會會議，路德維希·馮·埃利奧特的當代繪畫"><img alt="1848 年6月國民議會會議，路德維希·馮·埃利奧特的當代繪畫" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Frankfurt_Nationalversammlung_1848.jpg/220px-Frankfurt_Nationalversammlung_1848.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Frankfurt_Nationalversammlung_1848.jpg/330px-Frankfurt_Nationalversammlung_1848.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Frankfurt_Nationalversammlung_1848.jpg/440px-Frankfurt_Nationalversammlung_1848.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2122" data-file-height="1515"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法蘭克福自由市">法蘭克福自由市</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="圣保罗教堂 (法兰克福)">聖保羅教堂</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E5%8A%A0%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="斯圖加特">斯圖加特</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed;">法律</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="保罗教堂宪法">保羅教堂憲法</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>议会成员于1848年5月18日在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%A3%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰克福圣保罗教堂">法兰克福圣保罗教堂</a>召开会议。受到<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1848%E5%B9%B4%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1848年革命">1848年革命</a>的影响，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%B2%81%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="普鲁士">普鲁士</a>国王<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%85%93%E7%89%B9%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="腓特烈·威廉四世">腓特烈·威廉四世</a>為勢所迫，惟有答應革命黨人的要求，承諾制定憲法與成立議會，以期商討統一德國事宜，以自保權力。</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">目录</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%95%86%E8%AE%AE%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">商议过程</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">公民权利</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%85%9A%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">党派分立</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E9%98%BB%E7%A2%8D"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">阻碍</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%9F%B3%E5%8B%92%E8%8B%8F%E7%9B%8A%E6%A0%BC-%E8%8D%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%A0"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">起义</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">保罗教堂宪法</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%B1%E8%B4%A5"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">宪法的失败</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%BB%93%E8%AE%BA"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">结论</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8F%82%E7%9C%8B"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">参看</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">参考文献</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">外部链接</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="商议过程"><span id=".E5.95.86.E8.AE.AE.E8.BF.87.E7.A8.8B"></span>商议过程</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：商议过程" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="公民权利"><span id=".E5.85.AC.E6.B0.91.E6.9D.83.E5.88.A9"></span>公民权利</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：公民权利" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Zeitgen%C3%B6ssige_Lithografie_der_Nationalversammlung_in_der_Paulskirche.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Zeitgen%C3%B6ssige_Lithografie_der_Nationalversammlung_in_der_Paulskirche.jpg/220px-Zeitgen%C3%B6ssige_Lithografie_der_Nationalversammlung_in_der_Paulskirche.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3364" data-file-height="2229"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Zeitgen%C3%B6ssige_Lithografie_der_Nationalversammlung_in_der_Paulskirche.jpg/220px-Zeitgen%C3%B6ssige_Lithografie_der_Nationalversammlung_in_der_Paulskirche.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Zeitgen%C3%B6ssige_Lithografie_der_Nationalversammlung_in_der_Paulskirche.jpg/330px-Zeitgen%C3%B6ssige_Lithografie_der_Nationalversammlung_in_der_Paulskirche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Zeitgen%C3%B6ssige_Lithografie_der_Nationalversammlung_in_der_Paulskirche.jpg/440px-Zeitgen%C3%B6ssige_Lithografie_der_Nationalversammlung_in_der_Paulskirche.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 法兰克福议会在圣保罗教堂召开。会上挂满了革命党人在该年3月9日采用的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德国国旗">德国国旗</a>，正是今<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德国">德国</a>之国旗 </figcaption> </figure> <p>会议于7月召开，代表首先讨论<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="公民权利">公民权利</a>。10月，代表达成协议，在12月发表权利之内容。公民权利将会作为个别<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E9%82%A6%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德意志邦国">德意志邦国</a>民主宪法的基础。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="党派分立"><span id=".E5.85.9A.E6.B4.BE.E5.88.86.E7.AB.8B"></span>党派分立</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：党派分立" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>经过对公民权利之讨论后，议会代表分成自由与保守派、保皇与共和派。</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E7%BF%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="右翼">右翼</a>分子支持<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="保守主义">保守</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="联邦主义">联邦主义</a>，主张成立邦联制国家，让众多君主掌握大权。</li> <li>轻微偏右的宪法联邦主义分子则支持<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="君主立宪">君主立宪</a>的邦联国家。</li> <li>温和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E6%B4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="左派">左派</a>支持单一议会制度（parliamentary unitarism），主张中央集权，而君主需要对议会负责。</li> <li>极端左派支持共和制，主张成立中央集权的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="共和国">共和国</a>。</li> </ul> <p>如此多的党派令议会工作十分困难。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="阻碍"><span id=".E9.98.BB.E7.A2.8D"></span>阻碍</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：阻碍" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马克思主义">马克思主义</a>者起义，而<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥地利">奥地利</a>与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%B2%81%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="普鲁士">普鲁士</a>等保守势力分子又反对议会。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%8B%92%E8%8B%8F%E7%9B%8A%E6%A0%BC-%E8%8D%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因">石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因</a>的主权问题和德国未来版图引起了代表的争议。经过激烈的讨论，代表选择了<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="小德意志">小德意志</a>方案，排除奥地利于未来统一的德国之外。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因"><span id=".E7.9F.B3.E5.8B.92.E8.8B.8F.E7.9B.8A.E6.A0.BC-.E8.8D.B7.E5.B0.94.E6.96.AF.E6.B3.B0.E5.9B.A0"></span>石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%8B%92%E8%8B%8F%E7%9B%8A%E6%A0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="石勒苏益格">石勒苏益格</a>居住的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="丹麦">丹麦</a>人希望受丹麦统治，而非德国。基于丹麦即将采用宪法，丹麦人就想借此实现愿望。丹麦国王<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="弗雷德里克七世">弗雷德里克七世</a>坚持要把该地并入丹麦。德国人反抗，而普鲁士则代表<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E9%82%A6%E8%81%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="德意志邦联">德意志邦联</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%B9%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="德丹戰爭">出兵干预</a>，与丹麦军队交战。1848年8月，普鲁士与丹麦签署停火令，暂时答应丹麦的要求，停止干预。国民议会就显示了重要的弱点：它完全没有实权和军队。对于停战令，它只能自动接受。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="起义"><span id=".E8.B5.B7.E4.B9.89"></span>起义</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：起义" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>9月，起义在法兰克福发生。议会惟有向邦国求援。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="保罗教堂宪法"><span id=".E4.BF.9D.E7.BD.97.E6.95.99.E5.A0.82.E5.AE.AA.E6.B3.95"></span>保罗教堂宪法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：保罗教堂宪法" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>10月，代表讨论宪法安排，并在1849年4月公布。由于该宪法由法兰克福国民议会在保罗教堂通过，因此被称为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="保罗教堂宪法">保罗教堂宪法</a>。宪法具有传统（帝国、君主政体与联邦制国家）与创新（普选与代议政制）之元素。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="宪法的失败"><span id=".E5.AE.AA.E6.B3.95.E7.9A.84.E5.A4.B1.E8.B4.A5"></span>宪法的失败</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：宪法的失败" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Kaiserdeputation_berlin_1849.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kaiserdeputation_berlin_1849.jpg/220px-Kaiserdeputation_berlin_1849.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1269" data-file-height="915"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 159px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kaiserdeputation_berlin_1849.jpg/220px-Kaiserdeputation_berlin_1849.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kaiserdeputation_berlin_1849.jpg/330px-Kaiserdeputation_berlin_1849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kaiserdeputation_berlin_1849.jpg/440px-Kaiserdeputation_berlin_1849.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Kaiserdeputation：腓特烈·威廉四世在会上拒绝接受德意志皇帝的称号。 </figcaption> </figure> <p>议会发表《德意志人民权利宣言》，并草拟好宪法。之后，他们邀请普鲁士国王<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%85%93%E7%89%B9%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="腓特烈·威廉四世">腓特烈·威廉四世</a>接受德意志皇帝的名号。但由于为势所迫，加上深信君权神授、鄙视由别人选出来的名位，普王拒绝“拾取在沟渠上的皇冠”。于是，代表普鲁士和奥地利的代表分别离开会议，议会代表的计划失败，惟有把议会解散。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="结论"><span id=".E7.BB.93.E8.AE.BA"></span>结论</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：结论" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>法兰克福国民议会之举行，乃统一德国的第一次尝试。议会虽然能够运作，法律权力却全由德意志邦联掌握，以致议会的协定没有法律依据。而且，大众普遍支持帝制，令革命党缺乏支持。富有阶层站在贵族与领导层的一边，其利益又难免与草根阶层有所冲突，是以两者难以取得共识。</p> <p>革命党人的做法则不切实际。军人与官僚当时对领导层仍然非常忠诚，而议会却完全没有军力。议会之决定本应代表人民，但实际上只是显示知识分子的意见。当代表花了数个月才拟定宪法之时，反动势力已经准备推翻议会，令议会的努力白费。代表向普鲁士国王奉上皇帝名号而遭拒绝，更给普奥代表离场的借口。接着军队清场，议会便马上崩溃。</p> <p>国民议会与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1848%E5%B9%B4%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1848年德国革命">1848年德意志革命</a>的失败，严重阻碍了自由主义在德国的发展。不少人明白到军力对于统一德国的重要。在后来，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E6%96%AF%E9%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="俾斯麦">俾斯麦</a>在1862年出任普鲁士首相后，普鲁士便借助大好形势，以“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%A1%80%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵血政策">铁血政策</a>”统一德意志。自由主义未能在1848年开花结果，而取而代之的是信服权威、崇尚武力的民族主义。国民议会之失败间接造成德国缺乏民主经验之弊病。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="参看"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E7.9C.8B"></span>参看</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：参看" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%971848%E5%B9%B4%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="德意志1848年革命">德意志1848年革命</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德国历史">德国历史</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德國政治">德国政治</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="德国联邦议会">德国联邦议会</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德意志特殊道路">德意志特殊道路</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：参考文献" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><i>Frankfurt Parliament</i> by Frank Eyck, 1969 <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0312303459?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-312-30345-9</a></li> <li><i>A Year of Revolutions: Fanny Lewald's Recollections of 1848</i> translated, edited, and annotated by Hanna Ballin Lewis, 1997. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1571810994?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-57181-099-4</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：外部链接" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20041221081831/http://www.ex.ac.uk/Projects/meia/Archive/1848-NRZ/nrz36.htm">Article from the <i>Neue Rheinische Zeitung</i> No. 150 on the Frankfurt Parliament, by Karl Marx</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/19991008061015/http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/4035/gshrine.htm"><i>Shrine of German Democracy is Platform of President's Talk</i></a> - article from the New York Times, June 26, 1963.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060204223146/http://www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us/~bsilva/projects/revs/rev_of_1848.htm">Essay--Revolutions of 1848</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-tw/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2583%25D9%2581%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA" title="برلمان فرانكفورت – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برلمان فرانكفورت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_de_Frankfurt" title="Parlament de Frankfurt – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Parlament de Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurtsk%25C3%25BD_parlament" title="Frankfurtský parlament – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Frankfurtský parlament" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D1%2584%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2582_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2587%25C4%2595" title="Франкфурт парламенчĕ – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Франкфурт парламенчĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurterparlamentet" title="Frankfurterparlamentet – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frankfurterparlamentet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurter_Nationalversammlung" title="Frankfurter Nationalversammlung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frankfurter Nationalversammlung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259A%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BD%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B2%25CE%25BF%25CF%258D%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF_%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7%25CF%2582_%25CE%25A6%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B3%25CE%25BA%25CF%2586%25CE%25BF%25CF%258D%25CF%2581%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7%25CF%2582" title="Κοινοβούλιο της Φραγκφούρτης – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοινοβούλιο της Φραγκφούρτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_National_Assembly" title="Frankfurt National Assembly – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Frankfurt National Assembly" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacia_Asembleo_(Germanio_1848)" title="Nacia Asembleo (Germanio 1848) – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nacia Asembleo (Germanio 1848)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_de_Fr%25C3%25A1ncfort" title="Parlamento de Fráncfort – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Parlamento de Fráncfort" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurdi_rahvuskogu" title="Frankfurdi rahvuskogu – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Frankfurdi rahvuskogu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3_%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25A9%25D9%2581%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA" title="مجلس فرانکفورت – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مجلس فرانکفورت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurtin_kansalliskokous" title="Frankfurtin kansalliskokous – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Frankfurtin kansalliskokous" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement_de_Francfort" title="Parlement de Francfort – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parlement de Francfort" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_de_Frankfurt" title="Parlamento de Frankfurt – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Parlamento de Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2594%25D7%2590%25D7%25A1%25D7%25A4%25D7%2594_%25D7%2594%25D7%259C%25D7%2590%25D7%2595%25D7%259E%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA_%25D7%25A9%25D7%259C_%25D7%25A4%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A0%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A4%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8%25D7%2598" title="האספה הלאומית של פרנקפורט – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האספה הלאומית של פרנקפורט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F_%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%259F" title="फ्रैंकफर्ट पार्लियामेंट – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ्रैंकफर्ट पार्लियामेंट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurti_nemzetgy%25C5%25B1l%25C3%25A9s" title="Frankfurti nemzetgyűlés – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Frankfurti nemzetgyűlés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2596%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25AF%25D6%2586%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D6%2580%25D5%25BF%25D5%25AB_%25D5%25A1%25D5%25A6%25D5%25A3%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25AB%25D5%25B6_%25D5%25AA%25D5%25B8%25D5%25B2%25D5%25B8%25D5%25BE" title="Ֆրանկֆուրտի ազգային ժողով – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանկֆուրտի ազգային ժողով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlemen_Frankfurt" title="Parlemen Frankfurt – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Parlemen Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_di_Francoforte" title="Parlamento di Francoforte – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parlamento di Francoforte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2595%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25AF%25E3%2583%2595%25E3%2583%25AB%25E3%2583%2588%25E5%259B%25BD%25E6%25B0%2591%25E8%25AD%25B0%25E4%25BC%259A" title="フランクフルト国民議会 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランクフルト国民議会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2594%2584%25EB%259E%2591%25ED%2581%25AC%25ED%2591%25B8%25EB%25A5%25B4%25ED%258A%25B8_%25EA%25B5%25AD%25EB%25AF%25BC%25EC%259D%2598%25ED%259A%258C" title="프랑크푸르트 국민의회 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑크푸르트 국민의회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D1%2584%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2582_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2582" title="Франкфурт парламент – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Франкфурт парламент" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurter_Nationalversammlung" title="Frankfurter Nationalversammlung – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Frankfurter Nationalversammlung" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D1%2584%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE_%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5" title="Франкфуртско собрание – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Франкфуртско собрание" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlimen_Frankfurt" title="Parlimen Frankfurt – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parlimen Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationale_Vergadering_van_Frankfurt" title="Nationale Vergadering van Frankfurt – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nationale Vergadering van Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurtparlamentet" title="Frankfurtparlamentet – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frankfurtparlamentet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurtparlamentet" title="Frankfurtparlamentet – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frankfurtparlamentet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurckie_Zgromadzenie_Narodowe" title="Frankfurckie Zgromadzenie Narodowe – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frankfurckie Zgromadzenie Narodowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_de_Frankfurt" title="Parlamento de Frankfurt – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Parlamento de Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D1%2584%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5_%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5" title="Франкфуртское национальное собрание – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Франкфуртское национальное собрание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Parliament" title="Frankfurt Parliament – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Frankfurt Parliament" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurtski_parlament" title="Frankfurtski parlament – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Frankfurtski parlament" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurtparlamentet" title="Frankfurtparlamentet – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frankfurtparlamentet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Meclisi" title="Frankfurt Meclisi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Frankfurt Meclisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D1%2584%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D1%2581%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596_%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8" title="Франкфуртські національні збори – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франкфуртські національні збори" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" alt="维基百科" width="105" height="22" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">本页面最后修订于2024年5月20日 (星期一) 10:59。</li> <li 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