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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title aria-live="polite">Home - Research Guides at Harvard Library</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive" /><!-- favicon.twig --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon.ico"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffc40d"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <!-- !favicon.twig --> <meta property="og:title" content="Research Guides"> <meta property="og:description" content="Harvard Library Guides "><meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://guides.library.harvard.edu/"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@springshare"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/jquery/css/jquery-ui.min.css?2691" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/css3.16.4/lg-public.min.css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/jquery/js/1.12.4_jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.13.2/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script> jQuery.ui || document.write('<script src="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/jquery/js/jquery-ui.min.js?2691">\x3C/script>'); 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color: #1E1E1E; font-style: italic; font-size: 26px; line-height: 40px; display: block; max-width: 930px; } @media (max-width:480px) { body.hl__template #s-lg-guide-description, body.hl__template #s-lib-public-header-desc { font-size: 22px; line-height: 38px; } } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* LINKS & BUTTONS */ /*links*/ body.hl__template a { font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; } body.hl__template a { font-size: 19px; color: #0579b8; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; transition: border 0.28s cubic-bezier(0.28, 1.08, 1, 0.96); } body.hl__template .popover a { font-size: 14px; } body.hl__template .panel-default>.panel-heading>a>.bold, body.hl__template .panel-default a.bold { font-weight: 600; } body.hl__template a:not(.btn) { border-bottom: 3px solid transparent; } body.hl__template a:hover, body.hl__template a:focus { border-color: rgba(5, 121, 184, 0.3); text-decoration: none; background: none; color: #0579b8; } /* B&W BUTTON */ .hl__button--black { font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.17px; text-transform: uppercase; display: inline-block; padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #6c6c6c; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fff; color: #1E1E1E; font-weight: 700; transition: all 0.4s ease; } .hl__button--black:focus, .hl__button--black:hover { background: #6c6c6c; border-color: #6c6c6c; color: #fff !important; } /* SMALL OUTLINE BUTTON */ body.hl__template .s-lib-profile-widget-lc .s-lib-profile-widget button { font: 12px "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif !important; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 700 !important; border-color: #1e1e1e !important; color: #1e1e1e !important; padding: 5px 9px !important; transition: all 0.4s ease; letter-spacing: 1.17px; } body.hl__template .s-lib-profile-widget-lc .s-lib-profile-widget button:hover, body.hl__template .s-lib-profile-widget-lc .s-lib-profile-widget button:focus { background: #6c6c6c !important; color: white !important; border-color: #6c6c6c !important; opacity: 1 !important; } /* BLUE BUTTON */ .hl__button--blue, body.hl__template .s-lib-profile-container a.label-info, body.hl__template .btn-primary, body.hl__template .s-lg-hp-btn-section, body.hl__template #s-lg-profile-subjects button { font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; display: inline-block; color: #fff; background: #0579b8; border: none; border-radius: 4px; padding: 12px 23px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1.17px; line-height: 19px; transition: all 0.4s ease; } .hl__button--blue:hover, .hl__button--blue:focus, body.hl__template .s-lib-profile-container a.label-info:hover, body.hl__template .s-lib-profile-container a.label-info:focus, body.hl__template .btn-primary:hover, body.hl__template .btn-primary:focus, body.hl__template .s-lg-hp-btn-section:hover, body.hl__template .s-lg-hp-btn-section:focus { background: #2a5280; border-color: transparent; color: #fff; } body.hl__template .btn-primary { background-color: #0579b8 !important; } body.hl__template .btn-primary:hover, body.hl__template .btn-primary:focus { background-color: #2a5280 !important; } /* adding default focus back to elements */ body.hl__template .btn:focus, body.hl__template a:focus, body.hl__template .nav>li>a:focus /* guide sidenav */ { outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 1px; } body.hl__template .nav>li>a:focus { margin-bottom: 1px; } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* HEADER */ body.hl__template .hl__header { padding-bottom: 50px; } @media(max-width:768px) { body.hl__template .hl__header { padding-bottom: 20px; } } body.hl__template .hl__header, body.hl__template .container.hl__footer { width: 100%; } body.hl__template section.hl__header-child { display: flex; background: #1e1e1e; align-items: center; } body.hl__template a.hl__header-child__title, body.hl__template a.hl__header-child__title:hover, body.hl__template a.hl__header-child__title:focus { font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.3; color: #fff; flex: auto; font-size: 24px; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; line-height: 40px; margin: 0; padding: 10px 20px; float: left; background: linear-gradient(-46deg, #0579b8 0%, #2a5280 100%); text-decoration: none; border: none; } body.hl__template a.hl__header-child__title:focus { outline: #c0c0c0 auto 1px; } body.hl__template .hl__header-child__title span { font-size: 26px; line-height: 1; font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 1.52px; text-transform: uppercase; } body.hl__template .hl__header-child__logo { height: 60px; max-width: 330px; background-color: #1e1e1e; display: flex; align-items: center; flex: none; float: right; } body.hl__template .hl__linked-image a { padding: 10px 20px; display: block; font-size: 0; border: none; } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* FOOTER */ body.hl__template #s-lib-public-main { margin-bottom: 50px; } body.hl__template .hl__footer { background-color: #1e1e1e; padding-top: 55px; padding-bottom: 30px; } body.hl__template .hl__footer__container { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; max-width: 1450px; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; } body.hl__template .hl__footer__logo { flex-basis: 135px; flex-grow: 1; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0 auto; padding-bottom: 20px; max-width: 180px; } @media (min-width: 781px) { body.hl__template .hl__footer__logo { margin: 0; } } body.hl__template .hl__footer__logo a { padding: 0; } body.hl__template .hl__footer__links { display: flex; flex: none; max-width: 680px; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px; } @media (max-width:620px) { body.hl__template .hl__footer__links { flex-wrap: wrap; margin-left: -30px; } } @media (min-width: 621px) { body.hl__template .hl__footer__links { flex-basis: 580px; flex-grow: 1; flex-shrink: 0; margin-right: 30px; } } body.hl__template .hl__footer__column { flex-basis: 200px; flex-grow: 1; flex-shrink: 0; margin-left: 30px; width: 50%; } body.hl__template .hl__footer__content { flex-basis: 350px; flex-grow: 1; flex-shrink: 1; width: 100%; } @media (min-width: 1171px) { body.hl__template .hl__footer__content { flex-shrink: 0; max-width: 370px; } } @media (min-width: 621px) { body.hl__template .hl__footer__top-links { display: flex; } } body.hl__template .hl__footer__social { padding-right: 34px; } body.hl__template .hl__icon-list__link:last-child { padding-left: 20px; } body.hl__template .hl__footer__social .hl__icon-list__link svg { fill: #c0c0c0; } @media (max-width:620px) { body.hl__template .hl__footer__quick-links { margin-top: 40px; } } body.hl__template .hl__footer__quick-links .hl__link-tag { color: white; font-weight: 400; font-size: 15px; line-height: 28px; border-bottom: 3px solid transparent; } body.hl__template .hl__footer__quick-links .hl__link-tag:last-child { margin-left: 20px; } body.hl__template .hl__footer__quick-links .hl__link-tag:focus, body.hl__template .hl__footer__quick-links .hl__link-tag:hover { border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); text-decoration: none; } @media (min-width: 621px) { body.hl__template .hl__footer__social+.hl__footer__quick-links { padding-left: 34px; position: relative; } body.hl__template .hl__footer__social+.hl__footer__quick-links::before { border-left: 1px solid #414141; content: ""; display: block; height: calc(100% + 20px); position: absolute; left: 0; top: -10px; } } body.hl__template .hl__footer__license { display: flex; align-items: center; margin-top: 40px; } body.hl__template .hl__footer__cc-icon { flex: none; } body.hl__template .hl__footer__cc-text { color: #c0c0c0; flex: auto; font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 23px; margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 2px; } body.hl__template .hl__footer__message { margin-top: 15px; } body.hl__template .hl__footer__message .hl__rich-text p { color: #c0c0c0; font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 19px; } body.hl__template .hl__footer__message .hl__rich-text a:not(.hl__button):not(.hl__link-tag) { border: 0; color: white; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; } body.hl__template .hl__footer-nav { background-color: #1e1e1e; } body.hl__template .hl__footer-nav__items { margin: 0; padding: 0; } body.hl__template .hl__footer-nav__item { display: block; margin-bottom: 5px; } body.hl__template .hl__footer-nav__item a { color: white; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 27px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1.87px; border-bottom: 3px solid transparent; } body.hl__template .hl__footer-nav__item a:focus, body.hl__template .hl__footer-nav__item a:hover { border-bottom-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3); text-decoration: none; } /* SOCK FOOTER */ body.hl__template .s-lib-footer, body.hl__template .s-lib-footer a { font-size: 18px; border-top: none; background-color: #fafafa; line-height: 24px; font-family: "Trueno", Georgia, sans-serif; } body.hl__template .s-lib-footer .row { padding: 20px 0; max-width: 1450px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } body.hl__template .s-lib-footer .col-md-6>div:first-child { padding-bottom: 10px; } body.hl__template .s-lg-guide-label { font-weight: 500; color: #6C6C6C; line-height: 24px; } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* ALERT MESSAGES */ body.hl__template .alert { font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; } body.hl__template .alert a { font-size: 15px; } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* BREADCRUMBS */ body.hl__template #s-lib-bc .breadcrumb { text-align: left; } body.hl__template #s-lib-bc-list a { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; text-transform: none } body.hl__template .breadcrumb>li+li::before { content: "/"; display: inline-block; font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 200; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; vertical-align: middle; color: #6c6c6c; padding-bottom: 5px } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* BULLETED LISTS */ body.hl__template ul:not(.nav-tabs) { list-style-type: none } body.hl__template .s-lib-box-content ul:not(.nav-tabs) { margin-bottom: 32px; margin-top: 0px } body.hl__template .s-lib-box-content ul:not(.nav-tabs) { margin-top: -20px } body.hl__template .s-lib-box-content ul:not(.nav-tabs) ul { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } body.hl__template .s-lib-box-content li ul:not(.nav-tabs) { margin-top: 0.5em; } body.hl__template .s-lib-box-content ul:not(.nav-tabs)>li:before { color: #eb001b; content: '\2022'; display: inline-block; font-size: 1.5em; max-height: 0; max-width: 0; position: relative; left: -25px; top: 3px; padding-left: 0px } @media (max-width: 768px) { body.hl__template .s-lg-link-list, body.hl__template .s-lib-box-content ul:not(.nav-tabs) { padding-left: 40px; } } body.hl__template .container li>div { display: inline; } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* SIDE NAV */ body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container { padding-top: 40px; } body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills>.active>a::after { border-left-color: #6c6c6c } body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills>li>a:hover, body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills>.active>a:hover, body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills>.active>a, body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs>li>a:hover, body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs>.active>a:hover, body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs>.active>a { background-color: #6c6c6c; color: #fff; font-weight: 400; outline: 0; } body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs>.active>a::after { border-top-color: #6c6c6c; } body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs>li>a, body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills>li>a { background-color: #FFF; color: #1e1e1e; padding: 13px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 29px; } body.hl__template .fa-external-link { font-size: 14px !important; color: #1e1e1e; } body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills>li>a:hover i.fa-external-link { color: white; } /* content underneath side-nav */ body.hl__template .col-md-3.s-lg-tabs-side .s-lib-box { padding: 0 15px; } body.hl__template .s-lib-profile-div:not(.s-lib-profile-email) { font-size: 17px; font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; font-weight: normal; } body.hl__template .s-lib-profile-social a { border: none; color: #6c6c6c; margin: 0 5px; } body.hl__template .s-lib-profile-social a:hover, body.hl__template .s-lib-profile-social a:focus { opacity: 0.8; } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* SEARCH BOX + TOP PAGE LAYOUT */ body.hl__template .input-group-btn>.btn { font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; font-weight: 700; color: #1e1e1e; letter-spacing: 1.17px; text-transform: uppercase; height: 45px; } body.hl__template .input-group-sm>.input-group-btn>.btn { border: 0; border-radius: 0; height: 45px; background: #6c6c6c; } body.hl__template #s-lg-guide-search-box, body.hl__template .btn-default, body.hl__template #sel-guide-drop { border: 1px solid #6c6c6c; font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; } body.hl__template .btn-default:hover, body.hl__template .btn-default:focus { background-color: #ffffff; border-color: #6c6c6c } body.hl__template .input-group-sm>.form-control, body.hl__template .form-control, body.hl__template #s-lg-srch-input-q { font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; height: 45px; min-width: 360px; color: #414141; font-weight: 200; font-size: 16px; } @media(max-width:480px) { body.hl__template .input-group-sm>.form-control, body.hl__template #s-lg-srch-input-q { min-width: 233px; } } body.hl__template input::placeholder { font-weight: 400; color: #6c6c6c; } /* layout */ body.hl__template #s-lg-guide-header-info { padding-top: 10px; } @media(max-width:767px) { body.hl__template #s-lib-public-header, body.hl__template #s-lg-guide-header-info { padding-top: 0; } } body.hl__template #s-lg-guide-header-search, body.hl__template #hl-lib-sg { float: none; max-width: 630px; padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 20px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } body.hl__template #hl-lib-sg { margin: 0; } body.hl__template .btn-group-vertical>.btn-group::after, body.hl__template .btn-group-vertical>.btn-group::before, body.hl__template .btn-toolbar::after, body.hl__template .btn-toolbar::before, body.hl__template .container::after { content: none } body.hl__template #s-lg-guide-search-box { margin-left: 0; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%; max-width: 100%; border: 1px solid #6c6c6c; border-radius: 3px } body.hl__template .form-control:not(#slug) { border: transparent; box-shadow: none; -webkit-box-shadow: none } body.hl__template .form-control#type_id, body.hl__template .form-control#group_id { border: 1px solid #6c6c6c; } body.hl__template .form-control:focus { outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 1px; } @media (min-width: 992px) { body.hl__template #s-lg-guide-header, body.hl__template #s-lib-public-header { position: relative; } body.hl__template #s-lg-guide-header-search, body.hl__template #hl-lib-sg { padding: 0; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 20px; } } /* other search page buttons */ body.hl__template #s-lg-srch-form button { border: 0; height: 45px; background: #6c6c6c; } body.hl__template .input-group-sm>.input-group-btn>.btn:hover, body.hl__template .input-group-sm>.input-group-btn>.btn:focus, body.hl__template #s-lg-srch-form button:hover, body.hl__template #s-lg-srch-form button:focus { background: #414141; } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* MISCELLANEOUS STYLES */ /* Table of contents toggle */ body.hl__template .toc-toggle { color: #1e1e1e; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1.17px; font-weight: 600; } body.hl__template .toc-toggle .caret { display: inline-block; padding-top: 4px; border-left: 0.425em solid transparent; border-top: 0.5em solid #414141; border-right: 0.425em solid transparent; opacity: 0.6; transform: translateY(-2px); transition: transform 0.7s ease, -webkit-transform 0.7s ease; } /* prev/next page button */ body.hl__template .pager li>a, body.hl__template .pager li>span { border: 0 0 3px 0; border-color: transparent; border-radius: 0; padding: 0; } body.hl__template .pager li>a:hover, body.hl__template .pager li>a:focus { border-bottom-color: rgba(5, 121, 184, 0.3); } /* dropdown tabs */ body.hl__template .s-lg-subtab-ul.dropdown-menu { min-width: 100%; } body.hl__template .dropdown-menu { padding: 0; } body.hl__template .dropdown-menu>li>a { font-size: 16px; padding: 5px 15px; font-weight: normal; color: #1e1e1e; border: 0; } body.hl__template .dropdown-menu>li>a:hover { color: #1e1e1e; border: 0; background: #f5f5f5; } body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills>li>a.s-lg-tab-drop:hover, body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills>li>button.s-lg-tab-drop:hover, body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills>li>a.s-lg-tab-top-link, body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills>li>a.s-lg-tab-top-link:hover, body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills>li>button.s-lg-tab-top-link, body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills>li>button.s-lg-tab-top-link:hover { padding: 13px; } body.hl__template #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills>li>a.s-lg-tab-drop[aria-expanded="true"] { background: #6c6c6c; } /* Homepage styles */ body.hl__template #s-lg-index-list-groups .panel-collapse .alert-info strong { padding-right: 10px } body.hl__template ul.s-lg-guide-list { margin-bottom: 0; } body.hl__template .panel-heading .badge { font-size: 17px; margin: 4px 0; } body.hl__template .nav.nav-tabs button { font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; font-size: 19px; color: #1e1e1e; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1.17px; font-weight: 700; } body.hl__template #s-lg-hp-nav { margin: 30px 0 40px; } body.hl__template #s-lg-hp-nav>ul>li { padding: 0; } body.hl__template .nav-tabs { border: 0; } body.hl__template .s-lg-index-nav-btn button { margin: 0; padding: 0; margin-right: 30px; border-bottom: 3px solid transparent; transition: border 0.28s cubic-bezier(0.28, 1.08, 1, 0.96); } body.hl__template .s-lg-index-nav-btn.active button, body.hl__template .s-lg-index-nav-btn button:hover, body.hl__template .s-lg-index-nav-btn button:focus { border-bottom: 3px solid #F8C21C; border-radius: 0; } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* SEARCH PAGE */ /* search box */ body.hl__template #s-lg-srch-nav-col .navbar-default { background-color: transparent; border-color: transparent; } body.hl__template #s-lg-srch-form { max-width: 630px; } body.hl__template #s-lg-srch-local .container-fluid, body.hl__template #s-lg-srch-local .container-fluid>.navbar-collapse, body.hl__template #s-lg-srch-nav-1, body.hl__template #s-lg-srch-form { padding: 0; margin: 0; } body.hl__template #s-lg-srch-input-q { border: 1px solid #6c6c6c; } body.hl__template #s-lg-srch-nav-1.collapse { display: block; } body.hl__template #s-lg-srch-local .navbar-toggle { display: none; } /* result items */ body.hl__template .s-srch-resultlist strong, body.hl__template .s-srch-resultlist strong a { font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; } body.hl__template .s-srch-result { font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; border-bottom-color: #c0c0c0; } body.hl__template .s-srch-result-title, body.hl__template .s-srch-result-title a, body.hl__template .s-srch-result-author, body.hl__template .s-srch-result-author a, body.hl__template .s-srch-result-subjects, body.hl__template .s-srch-result-subjects a, body.hl__template .s-srch-result-url a { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600; } body.hl__template .s-srch-result-highlights mark { font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; } body.hl__template .s-srch-result-url a { font-size: 14px; } /* filter rail */ body.hl__template .s-lg-facet-div-title { color: #1e1e1e; border-bottom-color: #c0c0c0; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-transform: uppercase; font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; } body.hl__template .s-lg-facet-div-content label { color: #1e1e1e; font-family: "Trueno", "Montserrat", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; } body.hl__template .s-lg-facet-div-content label.check input { top: 0; } /* pagination */ body.hl__template .s-srch-resultlist>strong>.pull-right>ul.pagination { display: none; /* hide top page pagination */ } body.hl__template .s-srch-results+.pull-right { padding: 0 !important; float: none !important; } body.hl__template .pagination>li>a, body.hl__template .pagination>li>span { color: #0579B8; border: none !important; } body.hl__template .pagination>.active>a, body.hl__template .pagination>body.hl__template .active>a:focus, body.hl__template .pagination>.active>a:hover, body.hl__template .pagination>.active>span, body.hl__template .pagination>.active>span:focus, body.hl__template .pagination>.active>span:hover { color: #6c6c6c; background-color: #FAFAFA; } body.hl__template .pagination>li>a:focus, body.hl__template .pagination>li>a:hover, body.hl__template .pagination>li>span:focus, body.hl__template .pagination>li>span:hover { color: #0579b8; background-color: #fafafa; } body.hl__template .pagination li:first-of-type>*::after { content: " First"; } body.hl__template .pagination li:nth-of-type(2)>*::after { content: " Previous"; } body.hl__template .pagination li:nth-last-of-type(2)>*::before { content: "Next "; } body.hl__template .pagination li:last-of-type>*::before { content: "Last "; } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ /*HIDE ELEMENTS*/ body.hl__template #s-lib-bc-group /* breadcrumb link for group */ , body.hl__template #s-lib-bc-guide /* breadcrumb link for guide */ , body.hl__template #s-lib-bc-page /* breadcrumb inactive link for current page */ { display: none; } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* SCREEN READER ONLY ELEMENTS */ .sr-only { border: 0; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ /*MEDIA QUERIES*/ @media (max-width:768px) { body.hl__template .container { padding: 0px 20px; } body.hl__template .container.hl__footer { padding: 40px 0px; } } @media (max-width:610px) { body.hl__template section.hl__header-child { flex-wrap: wrap; } } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* PROFILE PAGE */ body.hl__template.hl__profile-page #s-lib-public-header-desc { margin-bottom: 45px; } body.hl__template.hl__profile-page .s-lib-box, body.hl__template.hl__subject-page .s-lib-box { padding: 0; } body.hl__template .s-ui-helptip i.fa-info-circle { color: #6c6c6c; } body.hl__template.hl__profile-page .hl__content-box-specialties { margin-top: 50px; } body.hl__template.hl__profile-page .hl__content-box-specialties a { display: table !important; font-size: 19px !important; } body.hl__template.hl__profile-page .s-lg-profile-personal-statement { padding: 30px; 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springSpace.publicObj.getCountType=function(action) { var count_type = ""; switch (action) { case 176: count_type = "guidetype"; break; case 177: count_type = "group"; break; case 178: count_type = "owner"; break; } return count_type; }; springSpace.publicObj.loadGuideCounts=function(config) { jQuery.ajax({ url: "/index_process.php?action=" + config.action + "&site_id=" + config.site_id + (config.group_id ? 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"" : "?" + qs_params.join("&") ); } }; jQuery(function() { // Initialize pushState handling. springSpace.homepage.initPushState(); // Clear out the search term from previous search/back button. jQuery("#s-lg-guide-search").val(""); // Load guide list. springSpace.publicObj.loadHomepageList({ action: springSpace.homepage.current_list, group_id: "0", order: springSpace.homepage.mapQSIdToGuideSortId(springSpace.homepage.default_list_order), num_cols: 2, elt_id: "s-lg-index-list", button_id: springSpace.homepage.current_btn_id, type_label: "Groups", display_sort: ( springSpace.homepage.current_btn_id === "s-lg-index-all-btn"), nav: "init" }); // Select default dropdown option. jQuery("#s-lg-guide-order > option[value=" + springSpace.homepage.mapQSIdToGuideSortId(springSpace.homepage.default_list_order) + "]").prop("selected",true); // Load guide type counts. springSpace.publicObj.loadGuideCounts({ action: 176, site_id: 61, group_id: 0 }); // Load group guides counts. springSpace.publicObj.loadGuideCounts({ action: 177, site_id: 61 }); // Load owner group counts. springSpace.publicObj.loadGuideCounts({ action: 178, site_id: 61, group_id: 0 } ); }); jQuery(function() { jQuery(document).ready(function () { springSpace.springTrack.trackPage({_st_type_id: '11'}); }); }); </script> <!-- BEGIN: Analytics code --><!-- Google Tag Manager --><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WSHSDQ5');</script><!-- End Google Tag Manager --><!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --><script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-3CXC97RWEK"></script><script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); 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</div> <!-- END: Page Header --> <div id="libchat_e51326de242dae8568d89faec0d175ef"></div> <div id="s-lib-public-header" class="container s-lib-header s-lib-side-borders"> <div id="s-lib-bc" class="hidden-xs"> <ol id="s-lib-bc-list" class="breadcrumb"><li id="s-lib-bc-customer" class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://library.harvard.edu">Harvard Library</a></li><li id="s-lib-bc-site" class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://guides.library.harvard.edu/">Research Guides</a></li><li id="s-lib-bc-page" class="active breadcrumb-item">Home</li></ol> </div> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-info"> <h1 id="s-lib-public-header-title">Harvard Library Guides </h1> <div id="s-lib-public-header-desc"> </div> </div> <div id="hl-lib-sg"> <div id="s-lg-guide-search-box"> <form role="search" id="s-lg-guide-search-form" action="srch.php"> <div class="input-group input-group-sm"> <label class="sr-only" for="s-lg-guide-search-terms">Search all guides</label> <input type="text" id="s-lg-guide-search-terms" name="q" class="form-control" placeholder="Search all guides"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit"> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" aria-label="Search" role="img" fill="white"><title>Search</title><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"></path></svg> </button> </span> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="s-lib-public-nav" class="container s-lib-side-borders"> </div> <div id="s-lib-public-main" class="s-lib-main container s-lib-side-borders"> <div id="s-lg-index-cols" class="row"> <div id="col1" class="col-md-12 center"> <div class="clearfix"> <div id="s-lg-hp-nav"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs"> <li id="s-lg-index-group-btn" class="s-lg-index-nav-btn"> <button type="button" role="button" class="btn" onclick="springSpace.publicObj.loadHomepageList({ action: 171, group_id: 0, num_cols: 2, type_label: 'Groups', elt_id: 's-lg-index-list', button_id: 's-lg-index-group-btn', });">Guides by Library</button> </li> <li id="s-lg-index-subject-btn" class="s-lg-index-nav-btn"> <button type="button" role="button" class="btn" onclick="springSpace.publicObj.loadHomepageList({ action: 172, group_id: 0, num_cols: 3, type_label: 'Subjects', elt_id: 's-lg-index-list', button_id: 's-lg-index-subject-btn', });">Guides by Subject</button> </li> <li id="s-lg-index-guidetype-btn" class="s-lg-index-nav-btn"> <button type="button" class="btn" role="button" onclick="springSpace.publicObj.loadHomepageList({ action: 173, group_id: 0, num_cols: 1, type_label: 'Guide Types', elt_id: 's-lg-index-list', button_id: 's-lg-index-guidetype-btn', });">Guides by Type</button> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="s-lg-index-list" class=""> Loading... </div> </div> <div id="col2" class="col-md-12 center margin-top-lg"> 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