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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">IGES</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGES" title="IGES – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="IGES" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGES" title="IGES – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="IGES" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_Graphics_Exchange_Specification" title="Initial Graphics Exchange Specification – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Initial Graphics Exchange Specification" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGES" title="IGES – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="IGES" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_Graphics_Exchange_Specification" title="Initial Graphics Exchange Specification – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Initial Graphics Exchange Specification" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGES" title="IGES – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="IGES" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGES" title="IGES – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="IGES" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_Graphics_Exchange_Specification" title="Initial Graphics Exchange Specification – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Initial Graphics Exchange Specification" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGES" title="IGES – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="IGES" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGES" title="IGES – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="IGES" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Initial_Graphics_Exchange_Specification_Logo.svg/170px-Initial_Graphics_Exchange_Specification_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Initial_Graphics_Exchange_Specification_Logo.svg/255px-Initial_Graphics_Exchange_Specification_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Initial_Graphics_Exchange_Specification_Logo.svg/340px-Initial_Graphics_Exchange_Specification_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the IGES Project from <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">NIST</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES)</b> is a vendor-neutral <a href="/wiki/List_of_file_formats" title="List of file formats">file format</a> that allows the <a href="/wiki/CAD_data_exchange" title="CAD data exchange">digital exchange</a> of information among <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">computer-aided design</a> (CAD) systems. It is an ASCII-based textual format.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 59">: 59 </span></sup> </p><p>The official title of IGES is <i><b>Digital Representation for Communication of Product Definition Data</b></i>, first published in March, 1980 by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Standards" class="mw-redirect" title="National Bureau of Standards">National Bureau of Standards</a> as <b>NBSIR 80-1978</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many documents (like early versions of the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Standard">Defense Standards</a> MIL-PRF-28000<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and MIL-STD-1840<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) referred to it as <b><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="American Society of Mechanical Engineers">ASME</a> Y14.26M</b>, the designation of the <a href="/wiki/ANSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI">ANSI</a> committee that approved IGES Version 1.0. </p><p>Using IGES, a CAD user can exchange product data models in the form of <a href="/wiki/Circuit_diagram" title="Circuit diagram">circuit diagrams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wire_frame_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Wire frame model">wireframe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freeform_surface_modelling" title="Freeform surface modelling">freeform surface</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boundary_representation" title="Boundary representation">boundary</a> (B-rep) or <a href="/wiki/Solid_modeling" title="Solid modeling">solid modeling</a> (CSG) <a href="/wiki/Representation_(arts)" title="Representation (arts)">representations</a>. Applications supported by IGES include traditional <a href="/wiki/Engineering_drawing" title="Engineering drawing">engineering drawings</a>, models for analysis, and other <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> functions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGES&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IGES was an initiative of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> (USAF) <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Computer_Aided_Manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing">Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing</a> (ICAM) project (1976-1984).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ICAM sought to develop procedures (<a href="/wiki/IDEF" title="IDEF">IDEF</a>), processes (<a href="/wiki/Group_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Group Technology">Group Technology</a>), and software (<a href="/wiki/CAD/CAM" title="CAD/CAM">CAD/CAM</a>) that would integrate all operations in Aerospace manufacturing and thus greatly reduce costs. Earlier the USAF Manufacturing Technology Program had funded the Automatically Programmed Tools (APT) language for programming Numerically Controlled (NC) machine tools. To close the data gap between parts design and manufacturing, one of the ICAM goals was to develop CAD software that would automatically generate numerical control programs for the very complex Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machine tools used throughout the <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">Aerospace</a> industry. A serious issue was the incompatibility of data produced by the many <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">CAD</a> systems in use at the time. USAF/ICAM called a meeting at the <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Standards" class="mw-redirect" title="National Bureau of Standards">National Bureau of Standards</a> (now known as <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> or <a href="/wiki/NIST" class="mw-redirect" title="NIST">NIST</a>) in 1978 to address this issue. <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> offered to sell its CAD translation software to USAF for one United States dollar. <a href="/wiki/USAF" class="mw-redirect" title="USAF">USAF</a> accepted this offer and contracted NIST to bring together a group of users and vendors, including Boeing, <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xerox" title="Xerox">Xerox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computervision" title="Computervision">Computervision</a>, <a href="/wiki/Applicon" title="Applicon">Applicon</a> and others to further develop and test this software. Though it was the practice to begin the name of ICAM developments with the word integrated (for example the IDEFs) believing that there would be rapid development of graphical exchange software, USAF decided that the IGES would be the Initial Graphics Exchange Specification not the Integrated Graphics Exchange Specification. </p><p>Since 1988, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">DoD</a> has required that all <a href="/wiki/Digital_data" title="Digital data">digital</a> <a href="/wiki/Product_and_manufacturing_information" title="Product and manufacturing information">product and manufacturing information</a> (PMI) for weapons systems contracts (the engineering drawings, circuit diagrams, <i>etc</i>.) be delivered in <a href="/wiki/Computer_file" title="Computer file">electronic</a> form such as IGES format. As a result, <a href="/wiki/CAx" class="mw-redirect" title="CAx">CAx</a> software vendors who want to market their products to DoD subcontractors and their partners needed to support the import (reading) and export (writing) of IGES format files. </p><p>An ANSI standard since 1980, IGES has been used in the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automotive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a> industries. It has been used for weapons systems from <a href="/wiki/Trident_(missile)" title="Trident (missile)">Trident missile</a> <a href="/wiki/Guidance_system" title="Guidance system">guidance systems</a> to entire <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a>. These part models may have to be used years after the vendor of the original design system has gone out of business. IGES files provide a way to access this data decades from now. Today, plugin viewers for <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browsers</a> allow IGES files created 20 years ago to be viewed from anywhere in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the initial release of <a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">STEP (ISO 10303)</a> in 1994, interest in further development of IGES declined, and Version 5.3 (1996) was the last published standard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="File_format">File format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGES&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: File format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An IGES file is composed of 80-character <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> records, a record length derived from the <a href="/wiki/Punched_card" title="Punched card">punched card</a> era. Text strings are represented in "<a href="/wiki/Hollerith_constant" title="Hollerith constant">Hollerith</a>" format, the number of characters in the string, followed by the letter "H", followed by the text string, <i>e.g.</i>, "4HSLOT" (this is the text string format used in early versions of the <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> language). Early IGES translators had problems with <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> <a href="/wiki/Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">mainframe computers</a> because the mainframes used <a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> encoding for text, and some EBCDIC-ASCII translators would either substitute the wrong character, or improperly set the <a href="/wiki/Parity_bit" title="Parity bit">parity bit</a>, causing a misread. </p><p>Here is a very small IGES file from 1987,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> containing only two POINT (Type 116), two CIRCULAR ARC (Type 100), and two LINE (Type 110) entities. It represents a slot, with the points at the centers of the two half-circles that form the ends of the slot, and the two lines that form the sides. </p> <pre> S 1 1H,,1H;,4HSLOT,37H$1$DUA2:[IGESLIB.BDRAFT.B2I]SLOT.IGS;, G 1 17HBravo3 BravoDRAFT,31HBravo3->IGES V3.002 (02-Oct-87),32,38,6,38,15, G 2 4HSLOT,1.,1,4HINCH,8,0.08,13H871006.192927,1.E-06,6., G 3 31HD. A. Harrod, Tel. 313/995-6333,24HAPPLICON - Ann Arbor, MI,4,0; G 4 116 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1D 1 116 1 5 1 0 0D 2 116 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1D 3 116 1 5 1 0 0D 4 100 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 1D 5 100 1 2 1 0 0D 6 100 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 1D 7 100 1 2 1 0 0D 8 110 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 1D 9 110 1 3 1 0 0D 10 110 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 1D 11 110 1 3 1 0 0D 12 116,0.,0.,0.,0,0,0; 1P 1 116,5.,0.,0.,0,0,0; 3P 2 100,0.,0.,0.,0.,1.,0.,-1.,0,0; 5P 3 100,0.,5.,0.,5.,-1.,5.,1.,0,0; 7P 4 110,0.,-1.,0.,5.,-1.,0.,0,0; 9P 5 110,0.,1.,0.,5.,1.,0.,0,0; 11P 6 S 1G 4D 12P 6 T 1 </pre><p>The file is divided into 5 sections: <b>S</b>tart, <b>G</b>lobal, <b>D</b>irectory Entry, <b>P</b>arameter Data, and <b>T</b>erminate indicated by the characters S, G, D, P, or T in column 73. The characteristics and geometric information for an entity is split between two sections; one in a two record, fixed-length format (the Directory Entry, or DE Section), the other in a multiple record, comma delimited format (the Parameter Data, or PD Section), as can be seen in a more human-readable representation of the file.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When displayed, the user should see two <a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">yellow</a> points (hard to see on a <a href="/wiki/White" title="White">white</a> background, but most CAD systems use a <a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">black</a> background), one located at the <a href="/wiki/Origin_(mathematics)" title="Origin (mathematics)">origin</a> of model space [0,0,0], two <a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">red</a> circular arcs, and two <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">green</a> lines. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slot.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Slot.gif" decoding="async" width="700" height="274" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="274" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign-language_support">Foreign-language support</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGES&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foreign-language support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fc2001x.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Fc2001x.gif" decoding="async" width="191" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="191" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>fc2001x.igs is an example IGES file that demonstrates Font Code 2001 (<b><a href="/wiki/Kanji#History" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></b>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to its growing international popularity (several countries, including Australia and the UK, adopted IGES as their own National Standards for PMI interoperability), support was added to the TEXT (Type 212) entity to support the <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">ISO 8859 (Latin-1)</a> alphabet for European characters.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1990s, IGES added support for the <a href="/wiki/JIS_encoding" title="JIS encoding">JIS encoding</a> for <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:漢字">漢字</a>) as double-byte characters (<a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS-6226</a>), allowing members of the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Automobile_Manufacturers_Association" title="Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association">Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association</a> (JAMA) to exchange part models with their American and European partners without loss of the Kanji text. </p><p>The current version of IGES does not support <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> 16- or 32-bit character encoding, so Arabic and other scripts (like Thai) cannot be represented.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A_recursive_standard">A recursive standard</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGES&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: A recursive standard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the unique features of the IGES standard is that it was the first <a href="/wiki/ANSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI">ANSI</a> standard to be documented using itself. Since Version 4.0, all of the technical illustrations for the printed version of the standard have been generated from IGES files. The <a href="/wiki/Electronic_publishing" title="Electronic publishing">electronic publishing</a> system (<a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a>) integrates <a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">raster images</a> generated from IGES files into the <a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a> sent to the <a href="/wiki/Laser_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser printer">laser printer</a>, so text and images are printed on the same page for subsequent use as <a href="/wiki/Camera-ready" title="Camera-ready">camera-ready</a> copy for commercial publication. Beginning with IGES Version 5.2, this is how the standard was generated, and Version 5.3 (the most recent ANSI-approved version) is available as a <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> document.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the illustrations (all of which conform to the Defense Department's MIL-D-28000 Engineering Drawings Subset of IGES) use the entities that they describe, e.g., the illustration of the LEADER (ARROW) ENTITY (Type 214) can be used as a test case for translator implementers, because it contains all 12 arrow head styles defined by the standard. These <a href="/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a> example files can be distinguished by a leading "F" and trailing "X" in the file name (like f214x.igs<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and this library is called the <b>IGES X-files</b> by members of the IGES <a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">community</a>. </p><p>Here is one of the example figures, Figure 2 from Appendix A (fmeparte.igs<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), that has appeared in every version of IGES since Version 3.0. It uses linear, angular, and ordinate dimension entities, as well as examples of both <a href="/wiki/Conic_section" title="Conic section">circular and conic arcs</a>. It is usually the first part used when testing an IGES translator, because the standard has a picture of what it should look like. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Figa2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Figa2.gif/500px-Figa2.gif" decoding="async" width="500" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Figa2.gif/750px-Figa2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Figa2.gif 2x" data-file-width="885" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGES&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-21" title="ISO 10303-21">ISO 10303-21</a> or STEP-file, an ISO standardized format</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGES&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchoonmaker2003" class="citation book cs1">Schoonmaker, Stephen J. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/54090798"><i>The CAD guidebook : a basic manual for understanding and improving computer-aided design</i></a>. New York: Marcel Dekker. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8247-4569-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8247-4569-8"><bdi>0-8247-4569-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54090798">54090798</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+CAD+guidebook+%3A+a+basic+manual+for+understanding+and+improving+computer-aided+design&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Marcel+Dekker&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54090798&rft.isbn=0-8247-4569-8&rft.aulast=Schoonmaker&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F54090798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/IR/nbsir80-1978.pdf">Initial Graphics Exchange Specification IGES Version 1.0</a>, Roger N. Nagel, Ph.D., Project Manager Walt W. Braithwaite, M.S., Boeing Philip R Kennicott, Ph.D., General Electric, National Bureau of Standards, NBSIR 80-1978, March 1980</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everyspec.com/MIL-PRF/MIL-PRF-010000-29999/MIL-PRF-28000B_NOTICE-1_27385/">"MIL-PRF-28000B"</a>. <i>everyspec.com</i>. 2011-05-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=everyspec.com&rft.atitle=MIL-PRF-28000B&rft.date=2011-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.everyspec.com%2FMIL-PRF%2FMIL-PRF-010000-29999%2FMIL-PRF-28000B_NOTICE-1_27385%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everyspec.com/MIL-STD/MIL-STD-1800-1999/MIL-STD-1840C_4779/">"MIL-STD-1840C"</a>. <i>everyspec.com</i>. 2011-05-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=everyspec.com&rft.atitle=MIL-STD-1840C&rft.date=2011-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.everyspec.com%2FMIL-STD%2FMIL-STD-1800-1999%2FMIL-STD-1840C_4779%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,,t=&i=44758,00.asp">"IGES"</a>. <i>PC Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=IGES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcmag.com%2Fencyclopedia_term%2F0%2C%2Ct%3D%26i%3D44758%2C00.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305022829/http://www.wiz-worx.com/java/figa2.htm">"Rotate an IGES part from 1990 with Java"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiz-worx.com/java/figa2.htm">the original</a> on 2016-03-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rotate+an+IGES+part+from+1990+with+Java&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiz-worx.com%2Fjava%2Ffiga2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100815044620/http://www.wiz-worx.com/iges5x/misc/slot.shtml">"MISC - IGES Example File slot"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiz-worx.com/iges5x/misc/slot.shtml">the original</a> on 2010-08-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MISC+-+IGES+Example+File+slot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiz-worx.com%2Figes5x%2Fmisc%2Fslot.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120926172932/http://www.wiz-worx.com/iges5x/misc/peek/slot.txt">"MISC - IGES Example File slot (dump)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiz-worx.com/iges5x/misc/peek/slot.txt">the original</a> on 2012-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MISC+-+IGES+Example+File+slot+%28dump%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiz-worx.com%2Figes5x%2Fmisc%2Fpeek%2Fslot.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiz-worx.com/iges5x/misc/font3001.shtml">"MISC - IGES Example File font3001"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MISC+-+IGES+Example+File+font3001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiz-worx.com%2Figes5x%2Fmisc%2Ffont3001.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">But see IGES RFC 603, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120719004148/http://ts.nist.gov/Standards/IGES/rfc603.cfm">"MSID Standards Activities"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ts.nist.gov/Standards/IGES/rfc603.cfm">the original</a> on 2012-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MSID+Standards+Activities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fts.nist.gov%2FStandards%2FIGES%2Frfc603.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span> that proposes flagged UTF-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120821190122/http://www.uspro.org/documents/IGES5-3_forDownload.pdf">"IGES 5.3 (ANSI-1996)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>US Product Data Association</i>. 1996-09-23. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uspro.org/documents/IGES5-3_forDownload.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Product+Data+Association&rft.atitle=IGES+5.3+%28ANSI-1996%29&rft.date=1996-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uspro.org%2Fdocuments%2FIGES5-3_forDownload.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100301144417/http://www.wiz-worx.com/iges5x/wysiwyg/f214x.shtml">"WYSIWYG - IGES Example File f214x"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiz-worx.com/iges5x/wysiwyg/f214x.shtml">the original</a> on 2010-03-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WYSIWYG+-+IGES+Example+File+f214x&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiz-worx.com%2Figes5x%2Fwysiwyg%2Ff214x.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100228145242/http://www.wiz-worx.com/iges5x/misc/figa2.shtml">"MISC - IGES Example File figa2"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiz-worx.com/iges5x/misc/figa2.shtml">the original</a> on 2010-02-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MISC+-+IGES+Example+File+figa2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiz-worx.com%2Figes5x%2Fmisc%2Ffiga2.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIGES1980" class="citation cs2">Nagel, Roger N.; Braithwaite, Walt W.; Kennicott, Philip R. (1980), <i>Initial Graphics Exchange Specification IGES, Version 1.0</i>, Washington DC: National Bureau of Standards, NBSIR 80-1978</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Initial+Graphics+Exchange+Specification+IGES%2C+Version+1.0&rft.place=Washington+DC&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Standards&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Nagel&rft.aufirst=Roger+N.&rft.au=Braithwaite%2C+Walt+W.&rft.au=Kennicott%2C+Philip+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>1982 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Digital_representation_for_communication.html?id=5LDgAAAAMAAJ">https://books.google.com/books/about/Digital_representation_for_communication.html?id=5LDgAAAAMAAJ</a></li> <li>1990 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Digital_representation_for_communication.html?id=tyFZAAAAYAAJ">https://books.google.com/books/about/Digital_representation_for_communication.html?id=tyFZAAAAYAAJ</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Digital Representation for Communication of Product Definition Data: IGES 5.2 (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification Version 5.2)</i>, US Product Data Association, November 1993, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-88538900-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-88538900-8"><bdi>978-1-88538900-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+Representation+for+Communication+of+Product+Definition+Data%3A+IGES+5.2+%28Initial+Graphics+Exchange+Specification+Version+5.2%29&rft.pub=US+Product+Data+Association&rft.date=1993-11&rft.isbn=978-1-88538900-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIGES/PDES_Organization1996" class="citation cs2">IGES/PDES Organization (September 23, 1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120821190122/http://www.uspro.org/documents/IGES5-3_forDownload.pdf"><i>Initial Graphics Exchange Specification: IGES 5.3</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, N. Charleston, SC: U.S. Product Data Association, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uspro.org/documents/IGES5-3_forDownload.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 21, 2012, <q>Formerly an ANSI Standard September 23, 1996 – September 2006</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Initial+Graphics+Exchange+Specification%3A+IGES+5.3&rft.place=N.+Charleston%2C+SC&rft.pub=U.S.+Product+Data+Association&rft.date=1996-09-23&rft.au=IGES%2FPDES+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uspro.org%2Fdocuments%2FIGES5-3_forDownload.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIGES/PDES_Organization2006" class="citation cs2">IGES/PDES Organization (June 28, 2006), <i>The Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) Version 5.x (Draft)</i>, IGES/PDES Organization</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Initial+Graphics+Exchange+Specification+%28IGES%29+Version+5.x+%28Draft%29&rft.pub=IGES%2FPDES+Organization&rft.date=2006-06-28&rft.au=IGES%2FPDES+Organization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span>. Baseline version was January 12, 1999.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIGES/PDES_Organization2001" class="citation cs2">IGES/PDES Organization (November 30, 2001), <i>The Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) Version 6.0 (Draft)</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Initial+Graphics+Exchange+Specification+%28IGES%29+Version+6.0+%28Draft%29&rft.date=2001-11-30&rft.au=IGES%2FPDES+Organization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span>. Baseline version was January 5, 1998.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGES&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120417202421/http://www.nist.gov/el/msid/standards.cfm">"A General Description of IGES"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">nist.gov</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ts.nist.gov/standards/iges/">the original</a> on 2012-04-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nist.gov&rft.atitle=A+General+Description+of+IGES&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fts.nist.gov%2Fstandards%2Figes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGES" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vector_graphics_markup_languages" title="Template:Vector graphics markup languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vector_graphics_markup_languages" title="Template talk:Vector graphics markup languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vector_graphics_markup_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vector graphics markup languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vector_graphics_markup_languages_and_file_formats149" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">Vector graphics</a> <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics_markup_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector graphics markup language">markup languages</a> and file formats</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/List_of_vector_graphics_markup_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vector graphics markup languages">type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asymptote_(vector_graphics_language)" title="Asymptote (vector graphics language)">Asymptote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">CGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML_file_formats#DrawingML" title="Office Open XML file formats">DrawingML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_Layout_Engine" title="Graphics Layout Engine">Graphics Layout Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoGebra" title="GeoGebra">GeoGebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiku_Vector_Icon_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiku Vector Icon Format">HVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lottie_(file_format)" title="Lottie (file format)">Lottie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetaPost" title="MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGF/TikZ" title="PGF/TikZ">PGF/TikZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language">PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSTricks" title="PSTricks">PSTricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Imaging_Protocol" title="Remote Imaging Protocol">Remote Imaging Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language">VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Metafile" title="Windows Metafile">WMF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Metafile#Variants" title="Windows Metafile">EMF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language">XAML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar_(graphics)" title="Xar (graphics)">Xar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3DMLW" title="3DMLW">3DMLW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3DXML" title="3DXML">3DXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asymptote_(vector_graphics_language)" title="Asymptote (vector graphics language)">Asymptote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COLLADA" title="COLLADA">COLLADA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_Web_Format" title="Design Web Format">DWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoGebra" title="GeoGebra">GeoGebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlTF" title="GlTF">glTF</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IGES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JT_(visualization_format)" title="JT (visualization format)">JT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Game_Engine_Exchange" title="Open Game Engine Exchange">OpenGEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRC_(file_format)" title="PRC (file format)">PRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">STEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STL_(file_format)" title="STL (file format)">STL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_3D" title="Universal 3D">U3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRML" title="VRML">VRML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X3D" title="X3D">X3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language">XAML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XVL" title="XVL">XVL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XVRML" title="XVRML">xVRML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web3D" title="Web3D">Web3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web3D_Consortium" title="Web3D Consortium">Web3D Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden_Scripting_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Linden Scripting Language">Linden Scripting Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Graphics_file_formats441" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Graphics_file_formats" title="Template:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Graphics_file_formats" title="Template talk:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Graphics_file_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Graphics_file_formats441" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_format" title="Image file format">Graphics file formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">Raster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANI_(file_format)" title="ANI (file format)">ANI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANIM" title="ANIM">ANIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ART_image_file_format" title="ART image file format">ART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format">BMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSAVE" title="BSAVE">BSAVE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALS_Raster_file_format" title="CALS Raster file format">CAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cineon" title="Cineon">CIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_Perceptual_Compression" title="Cartesian Perceptual Compression">CPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPT_(file_format)" title="CPT (file format)">CPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectDraw_Surface" title="DirectDraw Surface">DDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Picture_Exchange" title="Digital Picture Exchange">DPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECW_(file_format)" title="ECW (file format)">ECW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR">EXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FITS" title="FITS">FITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLIC_(file_format)" title="FLIC (file format)">FLIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format">FLIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlashPix" title="FlashPix">FPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDRi_(data_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="HDRi (data format)">HDRi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding#Main_Still_Picture" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image_format" title="Apple Icon Image format">ICNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICO_(file_format)" title="ICO (file format)">ICO/CUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_Cytometry_Standard" title="Image Cytometry Standard">ICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILBM" title="ILBM">ILBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_Network_Graphics" title="JPEG Network Graphics">JNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossless_JPEG#JPEG_LS" title="Lossless JPEG">JPEG LS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JPEG-HDR" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-HDR">JPEG-HDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krita" title="Krita">KRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics">MNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magick_Image_File_Format" title="Magick Image File Format">MIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearly_raw_raster_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Nearly raw raster data">NRRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenRaster" title="OpenRaster">ORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm#PAM_graphics_format" title="Netpbm">PAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm" title="Netpbm">PBM/PGM/PPM/PNM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCX" title="PCX">PCX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File">PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICtor_PIC_image_format" title="PICtor PIC image format">PICtor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNG" title="PNG">PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop#PSD" title="Adobe Photoshop">PSD/PSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaintShop_Pro" title="PaintShop Pro">PSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)">QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR">QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Raster" title="Sun Raster">RAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGBE_image_format" title="RGBE image format">RGBE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logluv_TIFF" title="Logluv TIFF">Logluv TIFF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics_Image" title="Silicon Graphics Image">SGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truevision_TGA" title="Truevision TGA">TGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format">TIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format#TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format">TIFF/IT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulead_PhotoImpact" title="Ulead PhotoImpact">UFO/UFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format">WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_BitMap" title="X BitMap">XBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCF_(file_format)" title="XCF (file format)">XCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_PixMap" title="X PixMap">XPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xwd" title="Xwd">XWD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raw_image_format" title="Raw image format">Raw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Image_File_Format" title="Camera Image File Format">CIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Negative" title="Digital Negative">DNG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">Vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator_Artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Illustrator Artwork">AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CorelDRAW#CDR_file_format" title="CorelDRAW">CDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">CGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF" title="AutoCAD DXF">DXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Metafile" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Metafile">EMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMF%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="EMF+">EMF+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerber_format" title="Gerber format">Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiku_Vector_Icon_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiku Vector Icon Format">HVIF</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IGES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language">PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language">VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Metafile" title="Windows Metafile">WMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar_(graphics)" title="Xar (graphics)">Xar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_format#Compound_formats" title="Image file format">Compound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computable_Document_Format" title="Computable Document Format">CDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encapsulated_PostScript" title="Encapsulated PostScript">EPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODCA" title="MODCA">MODCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICT" title="PICT">PICT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language">XAML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Exchangeable image file format (<a href="/wiki/Exif" title="Exif">Exif</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Press_Telecommunications_Council#Photo_metadata" title="International Press Telecommunications Council">International Press Telecommunications Council § Photo metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Metadata_Platform" title="Extensible Metadata Platform">Extensible Metadata Platform</a> (XMP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF#Metadata" title="GIF">GIF § Metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steganography" title="Steganography">Steganography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_na_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Non-article page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/16px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/23px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/31px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_graphics_file_formats" title="Comparison of graphics file formats">Comparison</a></b> • <b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Graphics_file_formats" title="Category:Graphics file formats">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Computer-aided_design_(CAD)_software385" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CAD_software" title="Template:CAD software"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CAD_software" title="Template talk:CAD software"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CAD_software" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CAD software"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Computer-aided_design_(CAD)_software385" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">Computer-aided design</a> (CAD) software</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">Free and<br />open-source</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_systems_drawing" title="Mechanical systems drawing">Mechanical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRL-CAD" title="BRL-CAD">BRL-CAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeCAD" title="FreeCAD">FreeCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HeeksCAD" title="HeeksCAD">HeeksCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibreCAD" title="LibreCAD">LibreCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Cascade_Technology" title="Open Cascade Technology">Open Cascade Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSCAD" title="OpenSCAD">OpenSCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenVSP" title="OpenVSP">OpenVSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QCAD" title="QCAD">QCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RattleCAD" title="RattleCAD">rattleCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_(software)" title="Salome (software)">Salome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolveSpace" title="SolveSpace">SolveSpace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electrical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_(software)" title="Electric (software)">Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreePCB" title="FreePCB">FreePCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritzing" title="Fritzing">Fritzing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEDA" title="GEDA">gEDA</a></li> <li>Horizon EDA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KiCad" title="KiCad">KiCad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTechLab" title="KTechLab">kTechLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(software)" title="Magic (software)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngspice" title="Ngspice">ngspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano_(software)" title="Oregano (software)">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pcb-rnd" title="Pcb-rnd">pcb-rnd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quite_Universal_Circuit_Simulator" title="Quite Universal Circuit Simulator">QUCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPICE" title="SPICE">SPICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCircuit" title="XCircuit">XCircuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_systems_drawing" title="Mechanical systems drawing">Mechanical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABViewer" title="ABViewer">ABViewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibre_Design" title="Alibre Design">Alibre Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archicad" title="Archicad">Archicad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Alias" title="Autodesk Alias">Autodesk Alias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Inventor" title="Autodesk Inventor">Autodesk Inventor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Revit" title="Autodesk Revit">Autodesk Revit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoTURN" title="AutoTURN">AutoTURN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BricsCAD" title="BricsCAD">BricsCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CATIA" title="CATIA">CATIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimatron" title="Cimatron">Cimatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_(CAD_program)" title="Cobalt (CAD program)">Cobalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTC_Creo_Elements/Direct_Drafting" title="PTC Creo Elements/Direct Drafting">Creo Elements/Direct Drafting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creo_Parametric" title="Creo Parametric">Creo Parametric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DesignSpark_Mechanical" title="DesignSpark Mechanical">DesignSpark Mechanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FastCAD" title="FastCAD">FastCAD</a> (EasyCAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FINE_MEP" title="FINE MEP">FINE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FORAN_System" title="FORAN System">FORAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_360" title="Fusion 360">Fusion 360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GstarCAD" title="GstarCAD">GstarCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRONCAD" title="IRONCAD">IRONCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KeyCreator" title="KeyCreator">KeyCreator</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/CADKEY" title="CADKEY">CADKEY</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEDUSA4" title="MEDUSA4">MEDUSA4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroStation" title="MicroStation">MicroStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_NX" title="Siemens NX">NX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onshape" title="Onshape">Onshape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDMS_(software)" title="PDMS (software)">PDMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro/DESKTOP" title="Pro/DESKTOP">Pro/DESKTOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_3D" title="Rhinoceros 3D">Rhinoceros 3D</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper_3D" title="Grasshopper 3D">Grasshopper 3D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RattleCAD#Source_closing" title="RattleCAD">rattleCAD 4.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapr3D" title="Shapr3D">Shapr3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_Edge" title="Solid Edge">Solid Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolidWorks" title="SolidWorks">SolidWorks</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sonata_(building_design_software)" title="Sonata (building design software)">Sonata</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/RUCAPS" title="RUCAPS">RUCAPS</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceClaim" title="SpaceClaim">SpaceClaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-FLEX_CAD" title="T-FLEX CAD">T-FLEX CAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinkercad" title="Tinkercad">Tinkercad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboCAD" title="TurboCAD">TurboCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VariCAD" title="VariCAD">VariCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZWCAD" title="ZWCAD">ZWCAD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electrical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegro_(CAD_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegro (CAD software)">Allegro</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/OrCAD" title="OrCAD">OrCAD</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altium_Designer" title="Altium Designer">Altium Designer</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Altium#History" title="Altium">Protel</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Autotrax" title="Autotrax">Autotrax</a></i> (<i>Easytrax</i>, <i>Tango PCB</i>)), <i><a href="/wiki/P-CAD" title="P-CAD">P-CAD</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a> Electrical</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentor_Graphics" title="Mentor Graphics">BoardStation, IntegraStation, PADS, Xpedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CADSTAR" title="CADSTAR">CADSTAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CircuitMaker" title="CircuitMaker">CircuitMaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuken" title="Zuken">CR-2000, CR-3000</a>, <a href="/wiki/CR-5000" title="CR-5000">CR-5000</a>, <a href="/wiki/CR-8000" title="CR-8000">CR-8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DesignSpark_PCB" title="DesignSpark PCB">DesignSpark PCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DipTrace" title="DipTrace">DipTrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAGLE_(program)" title="EAGLE (program)">EAGLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EasyEDA" title="EasyEDA">EasyEDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTspice" title="LTspice">LTspice</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Micro-Cap" title="Micro-Cap">Micro-Cap</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NI_Multisim" title="NI Multisim">Multisim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCB_(software)" title="PCB (software)">PCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus_Design_Suite" title="Proteus Design Suite">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsonix" title="Pulsonix">Pulsonix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolidWorks" title="SolidWorks">SolidWorks</a> Electrical</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TARGET_(CAD_software)" title="TARGET (CAD software)">TARGET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TopoR" title="TopoR">TopoR</a> (<a href="/wiki/TopoR#Features" title="TopoR">Delta Design</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/TopoR#History" title="TopoR">FreeStyle</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NI_Ultiboard" title="NI Ultiboard">Ultiboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upverter" title="Upverter">Upverter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">File formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_Manufacturing_Format" title="3D Manufacturing Format">3MF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACIS#File_format" title="ACIS">ACIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additive_manufacturing_file_format" title="Additive manufacturing file format">AMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C3D_Toolkit" title="C3D Toolkit">C3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KeyCreator" title="KeyCreator">CKD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specctra" title="Specctra">DSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_Web_Format" title="Design Web Format">DWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Packaging_Conventions" title="Open Packaging Conventions">DWFX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.dwg" title=".dwg">DWG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF" title="AutoCAD DXF">DXF</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IGES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavefront_.obj_file" title="Wavefront .obj file">OBJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Design_Alliance" title="Open Design Alliance">OpenDWG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLY_(file_format)" title="PLY (file format)">PLY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrCAD#OrCAD_PSpice" title="OrCAD">PSpice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specctra" title="Specctra">SES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">STEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STL_(file_format)" title="STL (file format)">STL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geometric_modeling_kernel" title="Geometric modeling kernel">Modeling<br />kernels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACIS" title="ACIS">ACIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C3D_Toolkit" title="C3D Toolkit">C3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Geometric_Kernel" title="Digital Geometric Kernel">Digital Geometric Kernel</a> (<i>KernelCAD</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IntelliCAD" title="IntelliCAD">IntelliCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Cascade_Technology" title="Open Cascade Technology">Open Cascade Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Design_Alliance" title="Open Design Alliance">Open Design Alliance</a> (<i>Teigha</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romulus_(modelling_kernel)" title="Romulus (modelling kernel)">Romulus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Parasolid" title="Parasolid">Parasolid</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Geometric_Kernel" title="Russian Geometric Kernel">RGK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShapeManager" title="ShapeManager">ShapeManager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_Modeling_Solutions" title="Solid Modeling Solutions">SMLib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DAC-1" title="DAC-1">DAC-1</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad">Sketchpad</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNISURF" title="UNISURF">UNISURF</a> (1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> <b>= discontinued</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_industrial_design" title="Computer-aided industrial design">Computer-aided industrial design</a> • <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_computer-aided_design_software" title="Comparison of computer-aided design software">Comparison</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_CAD_software" title="History of CAD software">History</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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