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class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.02966">arXiv:2411.02966</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.02966">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2411.02966">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Accelerator Physics">physics.acc-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13970100">10.5281/zenodo.13970100 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> MuCol Milestone Report No. 5: Preliminary Parameters </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Accettura%2C+C">Carlotta Accettura</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Adrian%2C+S">Simon Adrian</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Agarwal%2C+R">Rohit Agarwal</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Ahdida%2C+C">Claudia Ahdida</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Aim%C3%A9%2C+C">Chiara Aim茅</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Aksoy%2C+A">Avni Aksoy</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Alberghi%2C+G+L">Gian Luigi Alberghi</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Alden%2C+S">Siobhan Alden</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Alfonso%2C+L">Luca Alfonso</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Amapane%2C+N">Nicola Amapane</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Amorim%2C+D">David Amorim</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Andreetto%2C+P">Paolo Andreetto</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Anulli%2C+F">Fabio Anulli</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Appleby%2C+R">Rob Appleby</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Apresyan%2C+A">Artur Apresyan</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Asadi%2C+P">Pouya Asadi</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mahmoud%2C+M+A">Mohammed Attia Mahmoud</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Auchmann%2C+B">Bernhard Auchmann</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Back%2C+J">John Back</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Badea%2C+A">Anthony Badea</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bae%2C+K+J">Kyu Jung Bae</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bahng%2C+E+J">E. J. Bahng</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Balconi%2C+L">Lorenzo Balconi</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Balli%2C+F">Fabrice Balli</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bandiera%2C+L">Laura Bandiera</a> , et al. (369 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2411.02966v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> This document is comprised of a collection of updated preliminary parameters for the key parts of the muon collider. The updated preliminary parameters follow on from the October 2023 Tentative Parameters Report. Particular attention has been given to regions of the facility that are believed to hold greater technical uncertainty in their design and that have a strong impact on the cost and power… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2411.02966v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2411.02966v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2411.02966v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> This document is comprised of a collection of updated preliminary parameters for the key parts of the muon collider. The updated preliminary parameters follow on from the October 2023 Tentative Parameters Report. Particular attention has been given to regions of the facility that are believed to hold greater technical uncertainty in their design and that have a strong impact on the cost and power consumption of the facility. The data is collected from a collaborative spreadsheet and transferred to overleaf. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2411.02966v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2411.02966v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 5 November, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.12450">arXiv:2407.12450</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.12450">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2407.12450">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Accelerator Physics">physics.acc-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Interim report for the International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Accettura%2C+C">C. Accettura</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Adrian%2C+S">S. Adrian</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Agarwal%2C+R">R. Agarwal</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Ahdida%2C+C">C. Ahdida</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Aim%C3%A9%2C+C">C. Aim茅</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Aksoy%2C+A">A. Aksoy</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Alberghi%2C+G+L">G. L. Alberghi</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Alden%2C+S">S. Alden</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Amapane%2C+N">N. Amapane</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Amorim%2C+D">D. Amorim</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Andreetto%2C+P">P. Andreetto</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Anulli%2C+F">F. Anulli</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Appleby%2C+R">R. Appleby</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Apresyan%2C+A">A. Apresyan</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Asadi%2C+P">P. Asadi</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mahmoud%2C+M+A">M. Attia Mahmoud</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Auchmann%2C+B">B. Auchmann</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Back%2C+J">J. Back</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Badea%2C+A">A. Badea</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bae%2C+K+J">K. J. Bae</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bahng%2C+E+J">E. J. Bahng</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Balconi%2C+L">L. Balconi</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Balli%2C+F">F. Balli</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bandiera%2C+L">L. Bandiera</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Barbagallo%2C+C">C. Barbagallo</a> , et al. (362 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2407.12450v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) [1] was established in 2020 following the recommendations of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP) and the implementation of the European Strategy for Particle Physics-Accelerator R&D Roadmap by the Laboratory Directors Group [2], hereinafter referred to as the the European LDG roadmap. The Muon Collider Study (MuC) covers the accele… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2407.12450v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2407.12450v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2407.12450v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) [1] was established in 2020 following the recommendations of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP) and the implementation of the European Strategy for Particle Physics-Accelerator R&D Roadmap by the Laboratory Directors Group [2], hereinafter referred to as the the European LDG roadmap. The Muon Collider Study (MuC) covers the accelerator complex, detectors and physics for a future muon collider. In 2023, European Commission support was obtained for a design study of a muon collider (MuCol) [3]. This project started on 1st March 2023, with work-packages aligned with the overall muon collider studies. In preparation of and during the 2021-22 U.S. Snowmass process, the muon collider project parameters, technical studies and physics performance studies were performed and presented in great detail. Recently, the P5 panel [4] in the U.S. recommended a muon collider R&D, proposed to join the IMCC and envisages that the U.S. should prepare to host a muon collider, calling this their "muon shot". In the past, the U.S. Muon Accelerator Programme (MAP) [5] has been instrumental in studies of concepts and technologies for a muon collider. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2407.12450v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2407.12450v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 28 January, 2025; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 17 July, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">This document summarises the International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) progress and status of the Muon Collider R&D programme</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.09032">arXiv:1903.09032</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.09032">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1903.09032">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1903.09032">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Accelerator Physics">physics.acc-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.5506/APhysPolB.50.1191">10.5506/APhysPolB.50.1191 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Gamma Factory at CERN -- novel research tools made of light </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Placzek%2C+W">W. Placzek</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Abramov%2C+A">A. Abramov</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Alden%2C+S+E">S. E. Alden</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Fernandez%2C+R+A">R. Alemany Fernandez</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Antsiferov%2C+P+S">P. S. Antsiferov</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Apyan%2C+A">A. Apyan</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bartosik%2C+H">H. Bartosik</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bessonov%2C+E+G">E. G. Bessonov</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Biancacci%2C+N">N. Biancacci</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bieron%2C+J">J. Bieron</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bogacz%2C+A">A. Bogacz</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bosco%2C+A">A. Bosco</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bruce%2C+R">R. Bruce</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Budker%2C+D">D. Budker</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Cassou%2C+K">K. Cassou</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Castelli%2C+F">F. Castelli</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Chaikovska%2C+I">I. Chaikovska</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Curatolo%2C+C">C. Curatolo</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Czodrowski%2C+P">P. Czodrowski</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Derevianko%2C+A">A. Derevianko</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dupraz%2C+K">K. Dupraz</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dutheil%2C+Y">Y. Dutheil</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dzierzega%2C+K">K. Dzierzega</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Fedosseev%2C+V">V. Fedosseev</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Martinez%2C+N+F">N. Fuster Martinez</a> , et al. (37 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1903.09032v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We discuss the possibility of creating novel research tools by producing and storing highly relativistic beams of highly ionised atoms in the CERN accelerator complex, and by exciting their atomic degrees of freedom with lasers to produce high-energy photon beams. Intensity of such photon beams would be by several orders of magnitude higher than offered by the presently operating light sources, in… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1903.09032v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1903.09032v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1903.09032v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We discuss the possibility of creating novel research tools by producing and storing highly relativistic beams of highly ionised atoms in the CERN accelerator complex, and by exciting their atomic degrees of freedom with lasers to produce high-energy photon beams. Intensity of such photon beams would be by several orders of magnitude higher than offered by the presently operating light sources, in the particularly interesting gamma-ray energy domain of 0.1-400 MeV. In this energy range, the high-intensity photon beams can be used to produce secondary beams of polarised electrons, polarised positrons, polarised muons, neutrinos, neutrons and radioactive ions. New research opportunities in a wide domain of fundamental and applied physics can be opened by the Gamma Factory scientific programme based on the above primary and secondary beams. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1903.09032v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1903.09032v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 14 June, 2019; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 21 March, 2019; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2019. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">12 pages; presented by W. Placzek at the XXV Cracow Epiphany Conference on Advances in Heavy Ion Physics, 8-11 January 2019, Cracow, Poland</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.7549">arXiv:1304.7549</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.7549">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics">cond-mat.mes-hall</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1309394110">10.1073/pnas.1309394110 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Strain Solitons and Topological Defects in Bilayer Graphene </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Alden%2C+J+S">Jonathan S. Alden</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Tsen%2C+A+W">Adam W. Tsen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Huang%2C+P+Y">Pinshane Y. Huang</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hovden%2C+R">Robert Hovden</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Brown%2C+L">Lola Brown</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Park%2C+J">Jiwoong Park</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Muller%2C+D+A">David A. Muller</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=McEuen%2C+P+L">Paul L. McEuen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1304.7549v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Spontaneous symmetry-breaking, where the ground state of a system has lower symmetry than the underlying Hamiltonian, is ubiquitous in physics. It leads to multiply-degenerate ground states, each with a different "broken" symmetry labeled by an order parameter. The variation of this order parameter in space leads to soliton-like features at the boundaries of different broken-symmetry regions and a… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1304.7549v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1304.7549v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1304.7549v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Spontaneous symmetry-breaking, where the ground state of a system has lower symmetry than the underlying Hamiltonian, is ubiquitous in physics. It leads to multiply-degenerate ground states, each with a different "broken" symmetry labeled by an order parameter. The variation of this order parameter in space leads to soliton-like features at the boundaries of different broken-symmetry regions and also to topological point defects. Bilayer graphene is a fascinating realization of this physics, with an order parameter given by its interlayer stacking coordinate. Bilayer graphene has been a subject of intense study because in the presence of a perpendicular electric field, a band gap appears in its electronic spectrum [1-3] through a mechanism that is intimately tied to its broken symmetry. Theorists have further proposed that novel electronic states exist at the boundaries between broken-symmetry stacking domains [4-5]. However, very little is known about the structural properties of these boundaries. Here we use electron microscopy to measure with nanoscale and atomic resolution the widths, motion, and topological structure of soliton boundaries and topological defects in bilayer graphene. We find that each soliton consists of an atomic-scale registry shift between the two graphene layers occurring over 6-11 nm. We infer the minimal energy barrier to interlayer translation and observe soliton motion during in-situ heating above 1000 掳C. The abundance of these structures across a variety samples, as well as their unusual properties, suggests that they will have substantial effects on the electronic and mechanical properties of bilayer graphene. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1304.7549v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1304.7549v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 28 April, 2013; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> April 2013. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.4714">arXiv:1009.4714</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1009.4714">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Materials Science">cond-mat.mtrl-sci</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics">cond-mat.mes-hall</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09718">10.1038/nature09718 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Imaging Grains and Grain Boundaries in Single-Layer Graphene: An Atomic Patchwork Quilt </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Huang%2C+P+Y">Pinshane Y. Huang</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Ruiz-Vargas%2C+C+S">Carlos S. Ruiz-Vargas</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=van+der+Zande%2C+A+M">Arend M. van der Zande</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Whitney%2C+W+S">William S. Whitney</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Garg%2C+S">Shivank Garg</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Alden%2C+J+S">Jonathan S. Alden</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hustedt%2C+C+J">Caleb J. Hustedt</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Zhu%2C+Y">Ye Zhu</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Park%2C+J">Jiwoong Park</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=McEuen%2C+P+L">Paul L. McEuen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Muller%2C+D+A">David A. Muller</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1009.4714v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The properties of polycrystalline materials are often dominated by the size of their grains and by the atomic structure of their grain boundaries. These effects should be especially pronounced in 2D materials, where even a line defect can divide and disrupt a crystal. These issues take on practical significance in graphene, a hexagonal two-dimensional crystal of carbon atoms; Single-atom-thick gra… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1009.4714v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1009.4714v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1009.4714v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The properties of polycrystalline materials are often dominated by the size of their grains and by the atomic structure of their grain boundaries. These effects should be especially pronounced in 2D materials, where even a line defect can divide and disrupt a crystal. These issues take on practical significance in graphene, a hexagonal two-dimensional crystal of carbon atoms; Single-atom-thick graphene sheets can now be produced by chemical vapor deposition on up to meter scales, making their polycrystallinity almost unavoidable. Theoretically, graphene grain boundaries are predicted to have distinct electronic, magnetic, chemical, and mechanical properties which strongly depend on their atomic arrangement. Yet, because of the five-order-of-magnitude size difference between grains and the atoms at grain boundaries, few experiments have fully explored the graphene grain structure. Here, we use a combination of old and new transmission electron microscope techniques to bridge these length scales. Using atomic-resolution imaging, we determine the location and identity of every atom at a grain boundary and find that different grains stitch together predominantly via pentagon-heptagon pairs. We then use diffraction-filtered imaging to rapidly map the location, orientation, and shape of several hundred grains and boundaries, where only a handful have been previously reported. The resulting images reveal an unexpectedly small and intricate patchwork of grains connected by tilt boundaries. By correlating grain imaging with scanned probe measurements, we show that these grain boundaries dramatically weaken the mechanical strength of graphene membranes, but do not measurably alter their electrical properties. These techniques open a new window for studies on the structure, properties, and control of grains and grain boundaries in graphene and other 2D materials. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1009.4714v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1009.4714v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 23 September, 2010; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2010. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">(1) PYH, CSR, and AMV contributed equally to this work. 30 pages, 4 figures, 8 supplementary figures, and supplementary information</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0907.3173">arXiv:0907.3173</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/0907.3173">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/0907.3173">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/0907.3173">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics">cond-mat.mes-hall</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/nl903451y">10.1021/nl903451y <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Photo-Thermoelectric Effect at a Graphene Interface Junction </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Xu%2C+X">Xiaodong Xu</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Gabor%2C+N+M">Nathaniel M. Gabor</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Alden%2C+J+S">Jonathan S. Alden</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=van+der+Zande%2C+A">Arend van der Zande</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=McEuen%2C+P+L">Paul L. McEuen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0907.3173v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We investigate the optoelectronic response of a graphene interface junction, formed with bilayer and single-layer graphene, by photocurrent (PC) microscopy. We measure the polarity and amplitude of the PC while varying the Fermi level by tuning a gate voltage. These measurements show that the generation of PC is by a photo-thermoelectric effect. The PC displays a factor of ~10 increase at the cr… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0907.3173v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('0907.3173v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0907.3173v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We investigate the optoelectronic response of a graphene interface junction, formed with bilayer and single-layer graphene, by photocurrent (PC) microscopy. We measure the polarity and amplitude of the PC while varying the Fermi level by tuning a gate voltage. These measurements show that the generation of PC is by a photo-thermoelectric effect. The PC displays a factor of ~10 increase at the cryogenic temperature as compared to room temperature. Assuming the thermoelectric power has a linear dependence on the temperature, the inferred graphene thermal conductivity from temperature dependent measurements has a T^{1.5} dependence below ~100 K, which agrees with recent theoretical predictions. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0907.3173v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('0907.3173v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 17 July, 2009; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2009. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0805.3309">arXiv:0805.3309</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/0805.3309">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Materials Science">cond-mat.mtrl-sci</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics">cond-mat.mes-hall</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/nl801457b">10.1021/nl801457b <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Impermeable Atomic Membranes from Graphene Sheets </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bunch%2C+J+S">J. Scott Bunch</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Verbridge%2C+S+S">Scott S. Verbridge</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Alden%2C+J+S">Jonathan S. Alden</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=van+der+Zande%2C+A+M">Arend M. van der Zande</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Parpia%2C+J+M">Jeevak M. Parpia</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Craighead%2C+H+G">Harold G. Craighead</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=McEuen%2C+P+L">Paul L. McEuen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0805.3309v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We demonstrate that a monolayer graphene membrane is impermeable to standard gases including helium. By applying a pressure difference across the membrane, we measure both the elastic constants and the mass of a single layer of graphene. This pressurized graphene membrane is the world's thinnest balloon and provides a unique separation barrier between 2 distinct regions that is only one atom thi… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0805.3309v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('0805.3309v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0805.3309v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We demonstrate that a monolayer graphene membrane is impermeable to standard gases including helium. By applying a pressure difference across the membrane, we measure both the elastic constants and the mass of a single layer of graphene. This pressurized graphene membrane is the world's thinnest balloon and provides a unique separation barrier between 2 distinct regions that is only one atom thick. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0805.3309v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('0805.3309v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 21 May, 2008; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2008. </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary">  <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul 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