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buffer level</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: average buffer level"> <meta name="keywords" content="average buffer level"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="average buffer level"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 14954</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: average buffer level</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14954</span> The Operating Behaviour of Unbalanced Unpaced Merging Assembly Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Shaaban">S. Shaaban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20McNamara"> T. McNamara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Hudson"> S. Hudson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reports on the performance of deliberately unbalanced, reliable, non-automated and assembly lines that merge, whose workstations differ in terms of their mean operation times. Simulations are carried out on 5- and 8-station lines with 1, 2 and 4 buffer capacity units, % degrees of line imbalance of 2, 5 and 12, and 24 different patterns of means imbalance. Data on two performance measures, namely throughput and average buffer level were gathered, statistically analysed and compared to a merging balanced line counterpart. It was found that the best configurations are a balanced line arrangement and a monotone decreasing order for each of the parallel merging lines, with the first generally resulting in a lower throughput and the second leading to a lower average buffer level than those of a balanced line. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20buffer%20level" title="average buffer level">average buffer level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=merging%20lines" title=" merging lines"> merging lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=throughput" title=" throughput"> throughput</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unbalanced" title=" unbalanced"> unbalanced</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42374/the-operating-behaviour-of-unbalanced-unpaced-merging-assembly-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14953</span> Unbalanced Mean-Time and Buffer Effects in Lines Suffering Breakdown</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabry%20Shaaban">Sabry Shaaban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tom%20McNamara"> Tom McNamara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Hudson"> Sarah Hudson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article studies the performance of unpaced serial production lines that are subject to breakdown and are imbalanced in terms of both of their processing time means (MTs) and buffer storage capacities (BCs). Simulation results show that the best pattern in terms of throughput is a balanced line with respect to average buffer level; the best configuration is a monotone decreasing MT order, together with an ascending BC arrangement. Statistical analysis shows that BC, patterns of MT and BC imbalance, line length and degree of imbalance all contribute significantly to performance. Results show that unbalanced lines cope well with unreliability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unreliable%20unpaced%20serial%20lines" title="unreliable unpaced serial lines">unreliable unpaced serial lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unequal%20mean%20operation%20times" title=" unequal mean operation times"> unequal mean operation times</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uneven%20buffer%20capacities" title=" uneven buffer capacities"> uneven buffer capacities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patterns%20of%20imbalance" title=" patterns of imbalance"> patterns of imbalance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=throughput" title=" throughput"> throughput</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20buffer%20level" title=" average buffer level"> average buffer level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3491/unbalanced-mean-time-and-buffer-effects-in-lines-suffering-breakdown" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3491.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14952</span> Unreliable Production Lines with Simultaneously Unbalanced Operation Time Means, Breakdown, and Repair Rates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabry%20Shaaban">Sabry Shaaban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tom%20McNamara"> Tom McNamara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Hudson"> Sarah Hudson </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the benefits of deliberately unbalancing both operation time means (MTs) and unreliability (failure and repair rates) for non-automated production lines.The lines were simulated with various line lengths, buffer capacities, degrees of imbalance and patterns of MT and unreliability imbalance. Data on two performance measures, namely throughput (TR) and average buffer level (ABL) were gathered, analyzed and compared to a balanced line counterpart. A number of conclusions were made with respect to the ranking of configurations, as well as to the relationships among the independent design parameters and the dependent variables. It was found that the best configurations are a balanced line arrangement and a monotone decreasing MT order, coupled with either a decreasing or a bowl unreliability configuration, with the first generally resulting in a reduced TR and the second leading to a lower ABL than those of a balanced line. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unreliable%20production%20lines" title="unreliable production lines">unreliable production lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unequal%20mean%20operation%20times" title=" unequal mean operation times"> unequal mean operation times</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unbalanced%20failure%20and%20repair%20rates" title=" unbalanced failure and repair rates"> unbalanced failure and repair rates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=throughput" title=" throughput"> throughput</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20buffer%20level" title=" average buffer level"> average buffer level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19452/unreliable-production-lines-with-simultaneously-unbalanced-operation-time-means-breakdown-and-repair-rates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14951</span> Effects of Bacteria on Levels of AFM1 in Phosphate Buffer at Different Level of Energy Source</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20M.%20Elgerbi">Ali M. Elgerbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Obied%20A.%20Alwan"> Obied A. Alwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Taher%20O.%20Alzwei"> Al-Taher O. Alzwei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdurrahim%20A.%20Elouzi"> Abdurrahim A. Elouzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The binding of AFM1 to bacteria in phosphate buffer solution depended on many factors such as: availability of energy, incubation period, species and strain of bacteria. Increase in concentration of sugar showed higher removal of AFM1 and faster than in phosphate buffer alone. With 1.0% glucose lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria showed toxin removal ranging from 7.7 to 39.7% whereas with 10.0% glucose the percentage removal was 21.8 to 45.4% at 96 hours of incubation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aflatoxin%20M1" title="aflatoxin M1">aflatoxin M1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactic%20acid%20bacteria" title=" lactic acid bacteria"> lactic acid bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bifidobacteria" title=" bifidobacteria "> bifidobacteria </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binding" title=" binding"> binding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphate%20buffer" title=" phosphate buffer "> phosphate buffer </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19875/effects-of-bacteria-on-levels-of-afm1-in-phosphate-buffer-at-different-level-of-energy-source" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14950</span> Riparian Buffer Strips’ Capability of E. coli Removal in New York Streams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20Sanders">Helen Sanders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20Cousins"> Joshua Cousins</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether riparian buffer strips could be used to reduce Escherichia Coli (E. coli) runoff into streams in Central New York. Mainstream methods currently utilized to reduce E. coli runoff include fencing and staggered fertilizing plans for agriculture. These methods still do not significantly limit E. coli and thus, pose a serious health risk to individuals who swim in contaminated waters or consume contaminated produce. One additional method still in research development involves the planting of vegetated riparian buffers along waterways. Currently, riparian buffer strips are primarily used for filtration of nitrate and phosphate runoff to slow erosion, regulate pH and, improve biodiversity within waterways. For my research, four different stream sites were selected for the study, in which rainwater runoff was collected at both the riparian buffer and the E. coli sourced runoff upstream. Preliminary results indicate that there is an average 70% decrease in E. coli content in streams at the riparian buffer strips compared to upstream runoff. This research could be utilized to include vegetated buffer planting as a method to decrease manure runoff into essential waterways. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Escherichia%20coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=riparian%20buffer%20strips" title=" riparian buffer strips"> riparian buffer strips</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetated%20riparian%20buffers" title=" vegetated riparian buffers"> vegetated riparian buffers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runoff" title=" runoff"> runoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filtration" title=" filtration"> filtration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142236/riparian-buffer-strips-capability-of-e-coli-removal-in-new-york-streams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14949</span> Efficient DCT Architectures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mr.%20P.%20Suryaprasad">Mr. P. Suryaprasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Lalitha"> R. Lalitha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an efficient area and delay architectures for the implementation of one dimensional and two dimensional discrete cosine transform (DCT). These are supported to different lengths (4, 8, 16, and 32). DCT blocks are used in the different video coding standards for the image compression. The 2D- DCT calculation is made using the 2D-DCT separability property, such that the whole architecture is divided into two 1D-DCT calculations by using a transpose buffer. Based on the existing 1D-DCT architecture two different types of 2D-DCT architectures, folded and parallel types are implemented. Both of these two structures use the same transpose buffer. Proposed transpose buffer occupies less area and high speed than existing transpose buffer. Hence the area, low power and delay of both the 2D-DCT architectures are reduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transposition%20buffer" title="transposition buffer">transposition buffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20compression" title=" video compression"> video compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20cosine%20transform" title=" discrete cosine transform"> discrete cosine transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20efficiency%20video%20coding" title=" high efficiency video coding"> high efficiency video coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20dimensional%20picture" title=" two dimensional picture"> two dimensional picture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33624/efficient-dct-architectures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14948</span> Energy Absorption Characteristic of a Coupler Rubber Buffer Used in Rail Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhixiang%20Li">Zhixiang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuguang%20Yao"> Shuguang Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Ma"> Wen Ma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coupler rubber buffer has been widely applied on the high-speed trains and the main function of the rubber buffer is dissipating the impact energy between vehicles. The rubber buffer consists of two groups of rubbers, which are both pre-compressed and then installed into the frame body. This paper focuses on the energy absorption characteristics of the rubber buffers particularly. Firstly, the quasi-static compression tests were carried out for 1 and 3 pairs of rubber sheets and some energy absorption responses relationship, i.e. Eabn = n×Eab1, Edissn = n×Ediss1, and Ean = Ea1, were obtained. Next, a series of quasi-static tests were performed for 1 pair of rubber sheet to investigate the energy absorption performance with different compression ratio of the rubber buffers. Then the impact tests with five impact velocities were conducted and the coupler knuckle was destroyed when the impact velocity was 10.807 km/h. The impact tests results showed that with the increase of impact velocity, the Eab, Ediss and Ea of rear buffer increased a lot, but the three responses of front buffer had not much increase. Finally, the results of impact tests and quasi-static tests were contrastively analysed and the results showed that with the increase of the stroke, the values of Eab, Ediss, and Ea were all increase. However, the increasing rates of impact tests were all larger than that of quasi-static tests. The maximum value of Ea was 68.76% in impact tests, it was a relatively high value for vehicle coupler buffer. The energy capacity of the rear buffer was determined for dynamic loading, it was 22.98 kJ. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubber%20buffer" title="rubber buffer">rubber buffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupler" title=" coupler"> coupler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20absorption" title=" energy absorption"> energy absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20tests" title=" impact tests"> impact tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96059/energy-absorption-characteristic-of-a-coupler-rubber-buffer-used-in-rail-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14947</span> The Correlation between Education, Food Intake, Exercise, and Medication Obedience with the Average of Blood Sugar in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisyah%20Rahmatul%20Laily">Aisyah Rahmatul Laily</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesia Ministry of Health is increasing their awareness on non communicable diseases. From the top ten causes of death, two of them are non communicable diseases. Diabetes Mellitus is one of the two non communicable diseases above that have the increasing number of patient from year to year. From that problem, this research is made to determine the correlation between education, food intake, exercise, and the medication obedience with the average of blood sugar. In this research, the researchers used observational and cross-sectional studies. The sample that used in this research were 50 patients in Puskesmas Gamping I Yogyakarta who have suffered from Diabetes Mellitus in long period. The researcher doing anamnesis by using questionnaire to collect the data, then analyzed it with Chi Square to determine the correlation between each variable. The dependent variable in this research is the average of blood sugar, whereas the independent variables are education, food intake, do exercise, and the obedience of medication. The result shows a relation between education and average blood sugar level (p=0.029), a relation between food intake and average blood sugar level (p=0.009), and a relation between exercise and average blood sugar level (p=0.023). There is also a relation between the medication obedience with the average of blood sugar (p=0,002). The conclusion is that the positive correlations exist between education and average blood sugar level, between food intake and average blood sugar level, and between medication obedience and average blood sugar level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20of%20blood%20sugar" title="average of blood sugar">average of blood sugar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20intake" title=" food intake"> food intake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medication%20obedience" title=" medication obedience"> medication obedience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69842/the-correlation-between-education-food-intake-exercise-and-medication-obedience-with-the-average-of-blood-sugar-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69842.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14946</span> Influence of Thermal History on the Undrained Shear Strength of the Bentonite-Sand Mixture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ravi">K. Ravi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabu%20Subhash"> Sabu Subhash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Densely compacted bentonite or bentonite–sand mixture has been identified as a suitable buffer in the deep geological repository (DGR) for the safe disposal of high-level nuclear waste (HLW) due to its favourable physicochemical and hydro-mechanical properties. The addition of sand to the bentonite enhances the thermal conductivity and compaction properties and reduces the drying shrinkage of the buffer material. The buffer material may undergo cyclic wetting and drying upon ingress of groundwater from the surrounding rock mass and from evaporation due to high temperature (50–210 °C) derived from the waste canister. The cycles of changes in temperature may result in thermal history, and the hydro-mechanical properties of the buffer material may be affected. This paper examines the influence of thermal history on the undrained shear strength of bentonite and bentonite-sand mixture. Bentonite from Rajasthan state and sand from the Assam state of India are used in this study. The undrained shear strength values are obtained by conducting unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests on cylindrical specimens (dry densities 1.30 and 1.5 Mg/m3) of bentonite and bentonite-sand mixture consisting of 30 % bentonite+ 70 % sand. The specimens are preheated at temperatures varying from 50-150 °C for one, two and four hours in hot air oven. The results indicate that the undrained shear strength is increased by the thermal history of the buffer material. The specimens of bentonite-sand mixture exhibited more increase in strength compared to the pure bentonite specimens. This indicates that the sand content of the mixture plays a vital role in taking the thermal stresses of the bentonite buffer in DGR conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bentonite" title="bentonite">bentonite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20geological%20repository" title=" deep geological repository"> deep geological repository</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20history" title=" thermal history"> thermal history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undrained%20shear%20strength" title=" undrained shear strength"> undrained shear strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65498/influence-of-thermal-history-on-the-undrained-shear-strength-of-the-bentonite-sand-mixture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14945</span> Sundarban as a Buffer against Storm Surge Flooding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohiuddin%20Sakib">Mohiuddin Sakib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatin%20Nihal"> Fatin Nihal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anisul%20Haque"> Anisul Haque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munsur%20Rahman"> Munsur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansur%20Ali"> Mansur Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sundarban, the largest mangrove forest in the world, is known to act as a buffer against the cyclone and storm surge. Theoretically, Sundarban absorbs the initial thrust of the wind and acts to ‘resist’ the storm surge flooding. The role of Sundarban was evident during the cyclone Sidr when the Sundarban solely defended the initial thrust of the cyclonic wind and the resulting storm surge inundation. In doing this, Sundarban sacrificed 30% of its plant habitats. Although no scientific study has yet been conducted, it is generally believed that Sundarban will continuously play its role as a buffer against the cyclone when landfall of the cyclone is at or close to the Sundarban. Considering these facts, the present study mainly focused on a scientific insight into the role of Sundarban as a buffer against the present-day cyclone and storm surge and also its probable role on the impacts of future storms of similar nature but with different landfall locations. The Delft 3D dashboard and flow model are applied to compute the resulting inundation due to cyclone induced storm surge. The results show that Sundarban indeed acts as a buffer against the storm surge inundation when cyclone landfall is at or close to Sundarban. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer" title="buffer">buffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mangrove%20forest" title=" Mangrove forest"> Mangrove forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidr" title=" Sidr"> Sidr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landfall" title=" landfall"> landfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37352/sundarban-as-a-buffer-against-storm-surge-flooding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14944</span> Different Cathode Buffer Layers in Organic Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radia%20Kamel">Radia Kamel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considerable progress has been made in the development of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) based on a blend of p-type and n-type organic semiconductors. To optimize the interfacial properties between the active layer and the electrode, a cathode buffer layer (CBL) is introduced. This layer can reduce the leakage current, increasing the open-circuit voltage and the fill factor while improving the OSC stability. In this work, the performance of PM6:Y6 OSC with 1-Chloronaphthalene as an additive is examined. To accomplish this, three CBLs PNDIT-F3N-Br, ZrAcac, and PDINO, are compared using the conventional configuration. The device with PNDIT-F3N-Br as CBL exhibits the highest power conversion efficiency of 16.04%. The results demonstrate that modifying the cathode buffer layer is crucial for achieving high-performance OSCs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20heterojunction" title="bulk heterojunction">bulk heterojunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode%20buffer%20layer" title=" cathode buffer layer"> cathode buffer layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solar%20cells" title=" organic solar cells"> organic solar cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131695/different-cathode-buffer-layers-in-organic-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14943</span> Experimental and Numerical Study on Energy Absorption Characteristic of a Coupler Rubber Buffer Used in Rail Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhixiang%20Li">Zhixiang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuguang%20Yao"> Shuguang Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Ma"> Wen Ma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coupler rubber buffer has been widely applied on the high-speed trains and the main function of the rubber buffer is dissipating the impact energy between vehicles. The rubber buffer consists of two groups of rubbers, which are both pre-compressed and then installed into the frame body. This work focuses on the energy absorption capacity of each group of buffers particularly. The quasi-static compression tests were carried out to obtain the pre-compression force and the load-defection response of the buffers. Then a finite element (FE) model was constructed using Ls_dyna program. The rubber material was modeled with a tabulated method easily, in which no more material constants need to be fitted. The simulation results agreed with the experimental results well. Numerical study of the buffers was performed using the validated FE model and the influence of the initial pressure on the buffers was obtained. In addition, the interaction between the two groups of buffers was also investigated and the optimum distribution of the two was found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20pressure" title="initial pressure">initial pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubber%20buffer" title=" rubber buffer"> rubber buffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tabulated%20method" title=" tabulated method"> tabulated method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88310/experimental-and-numerical-study-on-energy-absorption-characteristic-of-a-coupler-rubber-buffer-used-in-rail-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14942</span> Whether Buffer Zone Community Forests’ Benefits Are Distributed Fairly to Low-Income Users: Reflection From the Buffer Zone Community Forests in Bardia National Park, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keshav%20Raj%20Acharya">Keshav Raj Acharya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thakur%20Silwal"> Thakur Silwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neelam%20C.%20Poudyal"> Neelam C. Poudyal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Buffer zones, the peripheral areas around the national parks and wildlife reserves, are available for the purpose of benefitting the local inhabitants by providing forest products for subsistence needs of basic forest products outside the protected areas. The forest area within the buffer zone has been managed as a buffer zone community forest (BZCF) for the last 25 years after the approval of the buffer zone management regulation 1996. With a case study of select BZCF in Bardia National Park, this study aims to analyze whether the benefit provided by BZCF is equally available to poor users among other socioeconomic classes of the users. The findings are based on the analysis of cross-sectional data involving household surveys (n=305) and key informants’ interviews (n=10) as well as office records available at different 5 buffer zone community forest user groups offices. Results indicate that despite the provisions of subsidized rates for poor; poor households were more deprived due to higher forest products price particularly, the timber price in buffer zone. Evidence also indicate that due to the increased forest coverage, the incidence of wildlife damage has also increased and impacted the poor more due to lack of land ownership as well as limited alternatives. Clear community forest management guidelines with equitable benefit sharing and compensatory mechanisms to the users of poor socioeconomic class have been identified as a solution to increase the benefit to poor users in BZCFUGs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop%20depredation" title="crop depredation">crop depredation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20products" title=" forest products"> forest products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=users" title=" users"> users</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wellbeing%20ranking" title=" wellbeing ranking"> wellbeing ranking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181566/whether-buffer-zone-community-forests-benefits-are-distributed-fairly-to-low-income-users-reflection-from-the-buffer-zone-community-forests-in-bardia-national-park-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14941</span> An Investigation on the Suitability of Dual Ion Beam Sputtered GMZO Thin Films: For All Sputtered Buffer-Less Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivek%20Garg">Vivek Garg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brajendra%20S.%20Sengar"> Brajendra S. Sengar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Siddharth"> Gaurav Siddharth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisheka%20Anadkat"> Nisheka Anadkat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amitesh%20Kumar"> Amitesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shailendra%20Kumar"> Shailendra Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaibal%20Mukherjee"> Shaibal Mukherjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CuInGaSe (CIGSe) is the dominant thin film solar cell technology. The band alignment of Buffer/CIGSe interface is one of the most crucial parameters for solar cell performance. In this article, the valence band offset (VBOff) and conduction band offset (CBOff) values of Cu(In0.70Ga0.30)Se/ 1 at.% Ga: Mg0.25Zn0.75O (GMZO) heterojunction, grown by dual ion beam sputtering system (DIBS), are calculated to understand the carrier transport mechanism at the heterojunction for the realization of all sputtered buffer-less solar cells. To determine the valence band offset (VBOff), ∆E_V at GMZO/CIGSe heterojunction interface, the standard method based on core-level photoemission is utilized. The value of ∆E_V can be evaluated by considering common core-level peaks. In our study, the values of (Valence band onset)VBOn, obtained by linear extrapolation method for GMZO and CIGSe films are calculated to be 2.86 and 0.76 eV. In the UPS spectra peak positions of Se 3d is observed in UPS spectra at 54.82 and 54.7 eV for CIGSe film and GMZO/CIGSe interface respectively, while the peak position of Mg 2p is observed at 50.09 and 50.12 eV for GMZO and GMZO/CIGSe interface respectively. The optical band gap of CIGSe and GMZO are obtained from absorption spectra procured from spectroscopic ellipsometry are 1.26 and 3.84 eV respectively. The calculated average values of ∆E_v and ∆E_C are estimated to be 2.37 and 0.21 eV, respectively, at room temperature. The calculated positive conduction band offset termed as a spike at the absorber junction is the required criterion for the high-efficiency solar cells for the efficient charge extraction from the junction. So we can conclude that the above study confirms GMZO thin films grown by the dual ion beam sputtering system are the suitable candidate for the CIGSe thin films based ultra-thin buffer-less solar cells. We investigated the band-offset properties at the GMZO/CIGSe heterojunction to verify the suitability of the GMZO for the realization of the buffer-less solar cells. The calculated average values of ∆E_V and ∆E_C are estimated to be 2.37 and 0.21 eV, respectively, at room temperature. The calculated positive conduction band offset termed as a spike at the absorber junction is the required criterion for the high-efficiency solar cells for the efficient charge extraction from the junction. So we can conclude that the above study confirms GMZO thin films grown by the dual ion beam sputtering system are the suitable candidate for the CIGSe thin films based ultra-thin buffer-less solar cells. Acknowledgment: We are thankful to DIBS, EDX, and XRD facility equipped at Sophisticated Instrument Centre (SIC) at IIT Indore. The authors B.S.S and A.K acknowledge CSIR and V.G acknowledge UGC, India for their fellowships. B.S.S is thankful to DST and IUSSTF for BASE Internship Award. Prof. Shaibal Mukherjee is thankful to DST and IUSSTF for BASE Fellowship and MEITY YFRF award. This work is partially supported by DAE BRNS, DST CERI, and DST-RFBR Project under India-Russia Programme of Cooperation in Science and Technology. We are thankful to Mukul Gupta for SIMS facility equipped at UGC-DAE Indore. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CIGSe" title="CIGSe">CIGSe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DIBS" title=" DIBS"> DIBS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GMZO" title=" GMZO"> GMZO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cells" title=" solar cells"> solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UPS" title=" UPS"> UPS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90982/an-investigation-on-the-suitability-of-dual-ion-beam-sputtered-gmzo-thin-films-for-all-sputtered-buffer-less-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14940</span> Survey of Personality Characteristics in Adolescents under the Care of Tehran Juvenile Detention Center</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Shokrzadehmadiyeh">Jamal Shokrzadehmadiyeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kambiz%20Kamkari"> Kambiz Kamkari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shohreh%20Shokrzadeh"> Shohreh Shokrzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to the research topic, the purpose of the current paper is to research personality characteristics in adolescents under the care of the Tehran Juvenile Detention Centre, and a survey research method has been used. In this regard, through systematic random sampling, 120 people from the research population were selected as a sample, who were referred to Tehran Juvenile Detention Centre after the decision was reached by the court. Data collection was carried out by separate examination using NEO-PI-III personality inventory, and statistical analysis was done using a one-sample t-test. Finally, the results of the research revealed that the level of neuroticism is higher than the average level, the level of conscientiousness is lower than the average level, and the level of extraversion, agreeableness, and openness are at the average level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality%20characteristics" title="personality characteristics">personality characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title=" adolescents"> adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juvenile%20Detention%20Center" title=" Juvenile Detention Center"> Juvenile Detention Center</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tehran%20city" title=" Tehran city"> Tehran city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159995/survey-of-personality-characteristics-in-adolescents-under-the-care-of-tehran-juvenile-detention-center" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14939</span> A Petri Net Model to Obtain the Throughput of Unreliable Production Lines in the Buffer Allocation Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joselito%20Medina-Marin">Joselito Medina-Marin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandr%20Karelin"> Alexandr Karelin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Tarasenko"> Ana Tarasenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Carlos%20Seck-Tuoh-Mora"> Juan Carlos Seck-Tuoh-Mora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norberto%20Hernandez-Romero"> Norberto Hernandez-Romero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eva%20Selene%20Hernandez-Gress"> Eva Selene Hernandez-Gress</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A production line designer faces with several challenges in manufacturing system design. One of them is the assignment of buffer slots in between every machine of the production line in order to maximize the throughput of the whole line, which is known as the Buffer Allocation Problem (BAP). The BAP is a combinatorial problem that depends on the number of machines and the total number of slots to be distributed on the production line. In this paper, we are proposing a Petri Net (PN) Model to obtain the throughput in unreliable production lines, based on PN mathematical tools and the decomposition method. The results obtained by this methodology are similar to those presented in previous works, and the number of machines is not a hard restriction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer%20allocation%20problem" title="buffer allocation problem">buffer allocation problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petri%20Nets" title=" Petri Nets"> Petri Nets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=throughput" title=" throughput"> throughput</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20lines" title=" production lines"> production lines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79811/a-petri-net-model-to-obtain-the-throughput-of-unreliable-production-lines-in-the-buffer-allocation-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14938</span> Network Coding with Buffer Scheme in Multicast for Broadband Wireless Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gunasekaran%20Raja">Gunasekaran Raja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramkumar%20Jayaraman"> Ramkumar Jayaraman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajakumar%20Arul"> Rajakumar Arul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kottilingam%20Kottursamy"> Kottilingam Kottursamy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Broadband Wireless Network (BWN) is the promising technology nowadays due to the increased number of smartphones. Buffering scheme using network coding considers the reliability and proper degree distribution in Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) multi-hop network. Using network coding, a secure way of transmission is performed which helps in improving throughput and reduces the packet loss in the multicast network. At the outset, improved network coding is proposed in multicast wireless mesh network. Considering the problem of performance overhead, degree distribution makes a decision while performing buffer in the encoding / decoding process. Consequently, BuS (Buffer Scheme) based on network coding is proposed in the multi-hop network. Here the encoding process introduces buffer for temporary storage to transmit packets with proper degree distribution. The simulation results depend on the number of packets received in the encoding/decoding with proper degree distribution using buffering scheme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encoding%20and%20decoding" title="encoding and decoding">encoding and decoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer" title=" buffer"> buffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20coding" title=" network coding"> network coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20distribution" title=" degree distribution"> degree distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadband%20wireless%20networks" title=" broadband wireless networks"> broadband wireless networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicast" title=" multicast"> multicast</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48856/network-coding-with-buffer-scheme-in-multicast-for-broadband-wireless-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14937</span> Design of a Phemt Buffer Amplifier in Mm-Wave Band around 60 GHz</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Abata">Maryam Abata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moulhime%20El%20Bekkali"> Moulhime El Bekkali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Mazer"> Said Mazer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20Algani"> Catherine Algani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Mehdi"> Mahmoud Mehdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One major problem of most electronic systems operating in the millimeter wave band is the signal generation with a high purity and a stable carrier frequency. This problem is overcome by using the combination of a signal with a low frequency local oscillator (LO) and several stages of frequency multipliers. The use of these frequency multipliers to create millimeter-wave signals is an attractive alternative to direct generation signal. Therefore, the isolation problem of the local oscillator from the other stages is always present, which leads to have various mechanisms that can disturb the oscillator performance, thus a buffer amplifier is often included in oscillator outputs. In this paper, we present the study and design of a buffer amplifier in the mm-wave band using a 0.15μm pHEMT from UMS foundry. This amplifier will be used as a part of a frequency quadrupler at 60 GHz. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mm-wave%20band" title="Mm-wave band">Mm-wave band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20oscillator" title=" local oscillator"> local oscillator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20quadrupler" title=" frequency quadrupler"> frequency quadrupler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer%20amplifier" title=" buffer amplifier"> buffer amplifier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26079/design-of-a-phemt-buffer-amplifier-in-mm-wave-band-around-60-ghz" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14936</span> Multi Objective Simultaneous Assembly Line Balancing and Buffer Sizing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saif%20Ullah">Saif Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guan%20Zailin"> Guan Zailin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Xianhao"> Xu Xianhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=He%20Zongdong"> He Zongdong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Baoxi"> Wang Baoxi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Assembly line balancing problem is aimed to divide the tasks among the stations in assembly lines and optimize some objectives. In assembly lines the workload on stations is different from each other due to different tasks times and the difference in workloads between stations can cause blockage or starvation in some stations in assembly lines. Buffers are used to store the semi-finished parts between the stations and can help to smooth the assembly production. The assembly line balancing and buffer sizing problem can affect the throughput of the assembly lines. Assembly line balancing and buffer sizing problems have been studied separately in literature and due to their collective contribution in throughput rate of assembly lines, balancing and buffer sizing problem are desired to study simultaneously and therefore they are considered concurrently in current research. Current research is aimed to maximize throughput, minimize total size of buffers in assembly line and minimize workload variations in assembly line simultaneously. A multi objective optimization objective is designed which can give better Pareto solutions from the Pareto front and a simple example problem is solved for assembly line balancing and buffer sizing simultaneously. Current research is significant for assembly line balancing research and it can be significant to introduce optimization approaches which can optimize current multi objective problem in future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assembly%20line%20balancing" title="assembly line balancing">assembly line balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer%20sizing" title=" buffer sizing"> buffer sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pareto%20solutions" title=" Pareto solutions "> Pareto solutions </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14084/multi-objective-simultaneous-assembly-line-balancing-and-buffer-sizing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14935</span> Best Option for Countercyclical Capital Buffer Implementation: Scenarios for Baltic States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%A2irts%20Brasli%C5%86%C5%A1">Ģirts Brasliņš</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilja%20Arefjevs"> Ilja Arefjevs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nade%C5%BEda%20Tarakanova"> Nadežda Tarakanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of countercyclical capital buffer is to encourage banks to build up buffers in good times that can be drawn down in bad times. The aim of the report is to assess such decisions by banks derived from three approaches. The approaches are the aggregate credit-to-GDP ratio, credit growth as well as banking sector profits. The approaches are implemented for Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania for the time period 2000-2012. The report compares three approaches and analyses their relevance to the Baltic states by testing the correlation between a growth in studied variables and a growth of corresponding gaps. Methods used in the empirical part of the report are econometric analysis as well as economic analysis, development indicators, relative and absolute indicators and other methods. The research outcome is a cross-Baltic comparison of two alternative approaches to establish or release a countercyclical capital buffer by banks and their implications for each Baltic country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basel%20III" title="basel III">basel III</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=countercyclical%20capital%20buffer" title=" countercyclical capital buffer"> countercyclical capital buffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banks" title=" banks"> banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=credit%20growth" title=" credit growth"> credit growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baltic%20states" title=" baltic states"> baltic states</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24826/best-option-for-countercyclical-capital-buffer-implementation-scenarios-for-baltic-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14934</span> Buffer Allocation and Traffic Shaping Policies Implemented in Routers Based on a New Adaptive Intelligent Multi Agent Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Taheri%20Tehrani">M. Taheri Tehrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Ajorloo"> H. Ajorloo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an intelligent multi-agent framework is developed for each router in which agents have two vital functionalities, traffic shaping and buffer allocation and are positioned in the ports of the routers. With traffic shaping functionality agents shape the traffic forward by dynamic and real time allocation of the rate of generation of tokens in a Token Bucket algorithm and with buffer allocation functionality agents share their buffer capacity between each other based on their need and the conditions of the network. This dynamic and intelligent framework gives this opportunity to some ports to work better under burst and more busy conditions. These agents work intelligently based on Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithm and will consider effective parameters in their decision process. As RL have limitation considering much parameter in its decision process due to the volume of calculations, we utilize our novel method which invokes Principle Component Analysis (PCA) on the RL and gives a high dimensional ability to this algorithm to consider as much as needed parameters in its decision process. This implementation when is compared to our previous work where traffic shaping was done without any sharing and dynamic allocation of buffer size for each port, the lower packet drop in the whole network specifically in the source routers can be seen. These methods are implemented in our previous proposed intelligent simulation environment to be able to compare better the performance metrics. The results obtained from this simulation environment show an efficient and dynamic utilization of resources in terms of bandwidth and buffer capacities pre allocated to each port. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title="principal component analysis">principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement%20learning" title=" reinforcement learning"> reinforcement learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer%20allocation" title=" buffer allocation"> buffer allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-%20agent%20systems" title=" multi- agent systems"> multi- agent systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26050/buffer-allocation-and-traffic-shaping-policies-implemented-in-routers-based-on-a-new-adaptive-intelligent-multi-agent-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14933</span> Exploiting SLMail Server with a Developed Buffer Overflow with Kali Linux</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Senesh%20Wijayarathne">Senesh Wijayarathne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on how someone could develop a Buffer Overflow and could use that to exploit the SLMail Server. This study uses a Kali Linux V2018.4 Virtual Machine and Windows 7 - Internet Explorer V8 Virtual Machine (IPv4 Address - 192.168.56.107). This study starts by sending continued bytes to the SLMail Server to find the crashing point range and creating a unique pattern of the length of the crashing point range to control the Extended Instruction Pointer (EIP). Then by sending all characters to SLMail Server, we could observe and find which characters are not rendered properly by the software, also known as Bad Characters. By finding the ‘Jump to the ESP register (JMP ESP) and with the help of ‘Mona Modules’, we could use msfvenom to create a non-stage windows reverse shell payload. By including all the details gathered previously on one script, we could get a system-level reverse shell of the Windows 7 PC. The end of this paper will discuss how to mitigate this vulnerability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slmail%20server" title="slmail server">slmail server</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extended%20instruction%20pointer" title=" extended instruction pointer"> extended instruction pointer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jump%20to%20the%20esp%20register" title=" jump to the esp register"> jump to the esp register</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bad%20characters" title=" bad characters"> bad characters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20machine" title=" virtual machine"> virtual machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=windows%207" title=" windows 7"> windows 7</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kali%20Linux" title=" kali Linux"> kali Linux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer%20overflow" title=" buffer overflow"> buffer overflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seattle%20lab" title=" Seattle lab"> Seattle lab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability" title=" vulnerability"> vulnerability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150375/exploiting-slmail-server-with-a-developed-buffer-overflow-with-kali-linux" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14932</span> Investigation of the Effect of Nickel Electrodes as a Stainless Steel Buffer Layer on the Shielded Metal Arc Welding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meisam%20Akbari">Meisam Akbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Hossein%20Elahi"> Seyed Hossein Elahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mashadgarmeh"> Mohammad Mashadgarmeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effect of nickel-electrode as a stainless steel buffer layer is considered. Then, the effect of dilution of the last layer of welding on two samples of steel plate A516 Gr70 (C-Mn-Si) with SMAW welding process was investigated. Then, in a sample, the ENI-cl nickel electrode was welded as the buffer layer and the E316L-16 electrode as the last layer of welding and another sample with an E316L-16 electrode in two layers. The chemical composition of the latter layer was determined by spectrophotometry method. The results indicate that the chemical composition of the latter layer is different and the lowest dilution rate is obtained using the nickel electrode. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20dilution" title="degree of dilution">degree of dilution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C-Mn-Si" title=" C-Mn-Si"> C-Mn-Si</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrometry" title=" spectrometry"> spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20electrode" title=" nickel electrode"> nickel electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel" title=" stainless steel"> stainless steel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106351/investigation-of-the-effect-of-nickel-electrodes-as-a-stainless-steel-buffer-layer-on-the-shielded-metal-arc-welding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14931</span> Integrating Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development: The Role of Buffer Zones in Safeguarding the Tentative World Heritage Sites and Empowering Local Communities in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shweta%20Vardia">Shweta Vardia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The 2021 decision by the World Heritage Center to align buffer zones with the 2015 Strategy for Sustainable Development marks a significant advancement in the protection of cultural and natural heritage sites. Buffer zones play a critical role in preserving the outstanding universal value, authenticity, and integrity of heritage sites, shielding them from threats such as urbanization, industrialization, and tourism. The 2015 Strategy emphasizes the integration of culture and heritage into sustainable development policies, highlighting the importance of community participation, traditional knowledge, and effective management in the conservation of heritage sites. This paper examines the implications of this strategic alignment for tentative World Heritage Sites in India. It explores how buffer zones can serve as tools for sustainable tourism, economic growth, and environmental protection while also addressing the socio-economic needs of local communities. By adopting a people-centered approach, the study underscores the need for active community involvement in heritage conservation, recognizing local residents as long-term custodians of cultural heritage. The role of buffer zones in promoting sustainable livelihoods, enhancing resilience to environmental changes, and fostering a sense of belonging among communities is also discussed. The challenges associated with buffer zones, including restrictive boundaries, unclear legislative frameworks, and potential disconnection from sociocultural contexts, are critically analyzed. The paper advocates for a holistic and integrated approach to buffer zone management, ensuring that policies are not only theoretically sound but also practically feasible. It concludes by emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts among conservation professionals, local communities, and policymakers to achieve sustainable development goals that respect both the heritage site's integrity and the well-being of surrounding populations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer%20zones" title="buffer zones">buffer zones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20communities" title=" local communities"> local communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=world%20heritage%20sites" title=" world heritage sites"> world heritage sites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189354/integrating-heritage-conservation-and-sustainable-development-the-role-of-buffer-zones-in-safeguarding-the-tentative-world-heritage-sites-and-empowering-local-communities-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14930</span> Analog Input Output Buffer Information Specification Modelling Techniques for Single Ended Inter-Integrated Circuit and Differential Low Voltage Differential Signaling I/O Interfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monika%20Rawat">Monika Rawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Kumar"> Rahul Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Input output Buffer Information Specification (IBIS) models are used for describing the analog behavior of the Input Output (I/O) buffers of a digital device. They are widely used to perform signal integrity analysis. Advantages of using IBIS models include simple structure, IP protection and fast simulation time with reasonable accuracy. As design complexity of driver and receiver increases, capturing exact behavior from transistor level model into IBIS model becomes an essential task to achieve better accuracy. In this paper, an improvement in existing methodology of generating IBIS model for complex I/O interfaces such as Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) and Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) is proposed. Furthermore, the accuracy and computational performance of standard method and proposed approach with respect to SPICE are presented. The investigations will be useful to further improve the accuracy of IBIS models and to enhance their wider acceptance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IBIS" title="IBIS">IBIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20integrity" title=" signal integrity"> signal integrity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open-drain%20buffer" title=" open-drain buffer"> open-drain buffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20voltage%20differential%20signaling" title=" low voltage differential signaling"> low voltage differential signaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20modelling" title=" behavior modelling"> behavior modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20simulation" title=" transient simulation"> transient simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82740/analog-input-output-buffer-information-specification-modelling-techniques-for-single-ended-inter-integrated-circuit-and-differential-low-voltage-differential-signaling-io-interfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14929</span> Application of Thermal Dimensioning Tools to Consider Different Strategies for the Disposal of High-Heat-Generating Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Holton">David Holton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20Dickinson"> Michelle Dickinson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giovanni%20Carta"> Giovanni Carta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The principle of geological disposal is to isolate higher-activity radioactive wastes deep inside a suitable rock formation to ensure that no harmful quantities of radioactivity reach the surface environment. To achieve this, wastes will be placed in an engineered underground containment facility – the geological disposal facility (GDF) – which will be designed so that natural and man-made barriers work together to minimise the escape of radioactivity. Internationally, various multi-barrier concepts have been developed for the disposal of higher-activity radioactive wastes. High-heat-generating wastes (HLW, spent fuel and Pu) provide a number of different technical challenges to those associated with the disposal of low-heat-generating waste. Thermal management of the disposal system must be taken into consideration in GDF design; temperature constraints might apply to the wasteform, container, buffer and host rock. Of these, the temperature limit placed on the buffer component of the engineered barrier system (EBS) can be the most constraining factor. The heat must therefore be managed such that the properties of the buffer are not compromised to the extent that it cannot deliver the required level of safety. The maximum temperature of a buffer surrounding a container at the centre of a fixed array of heat-generating sources, arises due to heat diffusing from neighbouring heat-generating wastes, incrementally contributing to the temperature of the EBS. A range of strategies can be employed for managing heat in a GDF, including the spatial arrangements or patterns of those containers; different geometrical configurations can influence the overall thermal density in a disposal facility (or area within a facility) and therefore the maximum buffer temperature. A semi-analytical thermal dimensioning tool and methodology have been applied at a generic stage to explore a range of strategies to manage the disposal of high-heat-generating waste. A number of examples, including different geometrical layouts and chequer-boarding, have been illustrated to demonstrate how these tools can be used to consider safety margins and inform strategic disposal options when faced with uncertainty, at a generic stage of the development of a GDF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer" title="buffer">buffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geological%20disposal%20facility" title=" geological disposal facility"> geological disposal facility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-heat-generating%20waste" title=" high-heat-generating waste"> high-heat-generating waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spent%20fuel" title=" spent fuel"> spent fuel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53467/application-of-thermal-dimensioning-tools-to-consider-different-strategies-for-the-disposal-of-high-heat-generating-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14928</span> Electroremediation of Saturated and Unsaturated Nickel-Contaminated Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waddah%20Abdullah">Waddah Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Al-Sarem"> Saleh Al-Sarem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrokinetic remediation was undoubtedly proven to be one of the most efficient techniques used to clean up soils contaminated with polar charged contaminants (such as heavy metals) and non-polar organic contaminants. It can be efficiently used to clean up low permeability mud, wastewater, electroplating wastes, sludge, and marine dredging. This study presented and discussed the results of electrokinetic remediation processes to clean up soils contaminated with nickel. Two types of electrokinetics cells were used: an open cell and an advanced cylindrical cell. Two types of soils were used for this investigation; the Azraq green clay which has very low permeability taken from the eastern part of Jordan (city of Azraq) and a sandy soil having, relatively, very high permeability. The clayey soil was spiked with 500 ppm of nickel, and the sandy soil was spiked with 1500 ppm of nickel. Fully saturated and partially saturated clayey soils were used for the clean-up process. Clayey soils were tested under a direct current of 80 mA and 50 mA to study the effect of the electrical current on the remediation process. Chelating agent (Na-EDTA), disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetatic acid, was used in both types of soils to enhance the electroremediation process. The effect of carbonates presence in the contaminated soils, also, was investigated by use of sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate. pH changes in the anode and the cathode compartments were controlled by use of buffer solutions. The results of the investigation showed that for the fully saturated clayey soil spiked with nickel had an average removal efficiency of 64%, and the average removal efficiency was 46% for the unsaturated clayey soil. For the sandy soil, the average removal efficiency of Nickel was 90%. Test results showed that presence of carbonates in the remediated soils retarded the clean-up process of nickel-contaminated soils (removal efficiency was reduced from 90% to 60%). EDTA enhanced decontamination of nickel contaminated clayey and sandy soils with carbonates was studied. The average removal efficiency increased from 60% (prior to using EDTA) to more than 90% after using EDTA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer%20solution" title="buffer solution">buffer solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EDTA" title=" EDTA"> EDTA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroremediation" title=" electroremediation"> electroremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20removal%20efficiency" title=" nickel removal efficiency"> nickel removal efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100754/electroremediation-of-saturated-and-unsaturated-nickel-contaminated-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14927</span> Mathematics Anxiety among Male and Female Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wern%20Lin%20Yeo">Wern Lin Yeo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choo%20Kim%20Tan"> Choo Kim Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sook%20Ling%20Lew"> Sook Ling Lew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mathematics anxiety refers to the feeling of anxious when one having difficulties in solving mathematical problem. Mathematics anxiety is the most common type of anxiety among other types of anxiety which occurs among the students. However, level of anxiety among males and females are different. There were few past study were conducted to determine the relationship of anxiety and gender but there were still did not have an exact results. Hence, the purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of anxiety level between male and female undergraduates at a private university in Malaysia. Convenient sampling method used in this study in which the students were selected based on the grouping assigned by the faculty. There were 214 undergraduates who registered the probability courses had participated in this study. Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS) was the instrument used in study which used to determine students’ anxiety level towards probability. Reliability and validity of instrument was done before the major study was conducted. In the major study, students were given briefing about the study conducted. Participation of this study were voluntary. Students were given consent form to determine whether they agree to participate in the study. Duration of two weeks were given for students to complete the given online questionnaire. The data collected will be analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to determine the level of anxiety. There were three anxiety level, i.e., low, average and high. Students’ anxiety level were determined based on their scores obtained compared with the mean and standard deviation. If the scores obtained were below mean and standard deviation, the anxiety level was low. If the scores were at below and above the mean and between one standard deviation, the anxiety level was average. If the scores were above the mean and greater than one standard deviation, the anxiety level was high. Results showed that both of the gender were having average anxiety level. Males having high frequency of three anxiety level which were low, average and high anxiety level as compared to females. Hence, the mean values obtained for males (M = 3.62) was higher than females (M = 3.42). In order to be significant of anxiety level among the gender, the p-value should be less than .05. The p-value obtained in this study was .117. However, this value was greater than .05. Thus, there was no significant difference of anxiety level among the gender. In other words, there was no relationship of anxiety level with the gender. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety%20level" title="anxiety level">anxiety level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics%20anxiety" title=" mathematics anxiety"> mathematics anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20and%20statistics" title=" probability and statistics"> probability and statistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32781/mathematics-anxiety-among-male-and-female-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14926</span> Simultaneous Detection of Dopamine and Uric Acid in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid at Physiological Level Using Anodized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube–Poldimethylsiloxane Paste Electrode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelo%20Gabriel%20Buenaventura">Angelo Gabriel Buenaventura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allan%20Christopher%20Yago"> Allan Christopher Yago</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A carbon paste electrode (CPE) composed of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) conducting particle and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) binder was used for simultaneous detection of Dopamine (DA) and Uric Acid (UA) in the presence of Ascorbic Acid (AA) at physiological level. The MWCNT-PDMS CPE was initially activated via potentiodynamic cycling in a basic (NaOH) solution, which resulted in enhanced electrochemical properties. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurements revealed a significantly lower charge transfer resistance (Rct) for the OH--activated MWCNT-PDMS CPE (Rct = 5.08kΩ) as compared to buffer (pH 7)-activated MWCNT-PDMS CPE (Rct = 25.9kΩ). Reversibility analysis of Fe(CN)63-/4- redox couple of both Buffer-Activated CPE and OH--Activated CPE showed that the OH—Activated CPE have peak current ratio (Ia/Ic) of 1.11 at 100mV/s while 2.12 for the Buffer-Activated CPE; this showed an electrochemically reversible behavior for Fe(CN)63-/4- redox couple even at relatively fast scan rate using the OH--activated CPE. Enhanced voltammetric signal for DA and significant peak separation between DA and UA was obtained using the OH--activated MWCNT-PDMS CPE in the presence of 50 μM AA via Differential Pulse Voltammetry technique. The anodic peak currents which appeared at 0.263V and 0.414 V were linearly increasing with increasing concentrations of DA and UA, respectively. The linear ranges were obtained at 25 μM – 100 μM for both DA and UA. The detection limit was determined to be 3.86 μM for DA and 5.61 μM for UA. These results indicate a practical approach in the simultaneous detection of important bio-organic molecules using a simple CPE composed of MWCNT and PDMS with base anodization as activation technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anodization" title="anodization">anodization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ascorbic%20acid" title=" ascorbic acid"> ascorbic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20paste%20electrodes" title=" carbon paste electrodes"> carbon paste electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title=" dopamine"> dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uric%20acid" title=" uric acid"> uric acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65212/simultaneous-detection-of-dopamine-and-uric-acid-in-the-presence-of-ascorbic-acid-at-physiological-level-using-anodized-multiwalled-carbon-nanotube-poldimethylsiloxane-paste-electrode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14925</span> The Effect of Porous Alkali Activated Material Composition on Buffer Capacity in Bioreactors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Girts%20Bumanis">Girts Bumanis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20Bajare"> Diana Bajare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With demand for primary energy continuously growing, search for renewable and efficient energy sources has been high on agenda of our society. One of the most promising energy sources is biogas technology. Residues coming from dairy industry and milk processing could be used in biogas production; however, low efficiency and high cost impede wide application of such technology. One of the main problems is management and conversion of organic residues through the anaerobic digestion process which is characterized by acidic environment due to the low whey pH (<6) whereas additional pH control system is required. Low buffering capacity of whey is responsible for the rapid acidification in biological treatments; therefore alkali activated material is a promising solution of this problem. Alkali activated material is formed using SiO2 and Al2O3 rich materials under highly alkaline solution. After material structure forming process is completed, free alkalis remain in the structure of materials which are available for leaching and could provide buffer capacity potential. In this research porous alkali activated material was investigated. Highly porous material structure ensures gradual leaching of alkalis during time which is important in biogas digestion process. Research of mixture composition and SiO2/Na2O and SiO2/Al2O ratio was studied to test the buffer capacity potential of alkali activated material. This research has proved that by changing molar ratio of components it is possible to obtain a material with different buffer capacity, and this novel material was seen to have considerable potential for using it in processes where buffer capacity and pH control is vitally important. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20material" title="alkaline material">alkaline material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer%20capacity" title=" buffer capacity"> buffer capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas%20production" title=" biogas production"> biogas production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioreactors" title=" bioreactors"> bioreactors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9251/the-effect-of-porous-alkali-activated-material-composition-on-buffer-capacity-in-bioreactors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20buffer%20level&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20buffer%20level&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20buffer%20level&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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