CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="nb" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>James Hansen – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januar","februar","mars","april","mai","juni","juli","august","september","oktober","november","desember"],"wgRequestId":"60ee0f9e-b78c-4916-8df8-9cb3c79c639c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"James_Hansen","wgTitle":"James Hansen","wgCurRevisionId":23972768,"wgRevisionId":23972768,"wgArticleId":614870,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Sider med referanser fra utsagn","Fødsler 29. mars","Enkeltmenn","Artikler hvor bilde er hentet fra Wikidata – biografi","Artikler med offisielle lenker fra Wikidata","Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata","Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker for P1960 fra Wikidata","Fødsler i 1941","Klimatologer","Fysikere fra USA","Personer fra Crawford County i Iowa"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext", "wgRelevantPageName":"James_Hansen","wgRelevantArticleId":614870,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nb","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nb"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q724095","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform", "platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse","ext.gadget.link-missing-label", "ext.gadget.new-section","ext.gadget.superinterwiki","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/James_Hansen_profile_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1694"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/James_Hansen_profile_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1130"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="904"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="James Hansen – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Rediger" href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nb)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//no.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-mating" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siste_endringer&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-James_Hansen rootpage-James_Hansen skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hopp til innhold</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hovedmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hovedmeny</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hovedmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasjon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forside" title="Gå til hovedsiden [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Forside</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig" title="Vis en tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Portal" title="Stedet for å få hjelp"><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringer" title="Liste over siste endringer på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringer</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-prosjekt" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-prosjekt" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Prosjektportal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Prosjektportal</span></a></li><li id="n-bidra" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bidra_til_Wikipedia"><span>Hvordan bidra?</span></a></li><li id="n-tinget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinget"><span>Tinget</span></a></li><li id="n-torget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Torget"><span>Torget</span></a></li><li id="n-konkurranser" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Konkurranser"><span>Konkurranser</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-wmno" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.no" rel="nofollow" title="Medlemsorganisasjon for wikipedianere"><span>Wikimedia Norge</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Forside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-no.svg" width="121" height="14" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:S%C3%B8k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlig"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på siden." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=James+Hansen" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=James+Hansen" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Flere alternativer" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlig" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=James+Hansen" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=James+Hansen" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Utdanning_og_tidlig_forskning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utdanning_og_tidlig_forskning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Utdanning og tidlig forskning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utdanning_og_tidlig_forskning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimaspørsmålet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaspørsmålet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Klimaspørsmålet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaspørsmålet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tipping_point" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipping_point"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tipping point</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tipping_point-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kvote-_og_avgiftssystemer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kvote-_og_avgiftssystemer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kvote- og avgiftssystemer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kvote-_og_avgiftssystemer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Æresbevisninger_og_priser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Æresbevisninger_og_priser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Æresbevisninger og priser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Æresbevisninger_og_priser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">James Hansen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 23 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="James Hansen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86" title="جيمس هانسن – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيمس هانسن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86" title="جیمز هنسن – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جیمز هنسن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="James Hansen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="James Hansen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_E._Hansen" title="James E. Hansen – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James E. Hansen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="James Hansen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="James Hansen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86" title="جیمز هنسن – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیمز هنسن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_E._Hansen" title="James E. Hansen – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James E. Hansen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="James Hansen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="James Hansen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ ಹಾನ್ಸನ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ ಹಾನ್ಸನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="James Hansen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="James Hansen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="James Hansen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="James Hansen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Хансен, Джеймс – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хансен, Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="James Hansen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="James Hansen" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="James Hansen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Джеймс Гансен – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеймс Гансен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%BC%A2%E6%A3%AE" title="詹姆斯·漢森 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="詹姆斯·漢森" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q724095#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/James_Hansen" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:James_Hansen" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/James_Hansen"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/James_Hansen"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/James_Hansen" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/James_Hansen" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&oldid=23972768" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=James_Hansen&id=23972768&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJames_Hansen"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJames_Hansen"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=James_Hansen&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:James_Hansen" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q724095" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24461009">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks td{background-color:#efefef;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:4px;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.custom td{background:none;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad th{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td{text-align:left;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.headercenter{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.hode th{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{text-align:center;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24461009"><table class="infobox infoboks biografi fastbredde"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">James Hansen</th></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:James_Hansen_profile_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/James_Hansen_profile_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-James_Hansen_profile_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/James_Hansen_profile_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><span class="edit-props-marker edit-props-P1477 edit-props-P569 edit-props-P19">Født</span></th><td colspan="2"><span><a href="/wiki/29._mars" title="29. mars">29. mars</a> <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-hash-0a2d6987829b51b5607fbb8a27343b13b43c7984_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-0a2d6987829b51b5607fbb8a27343b13b43c7984-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="wb-edithandle" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q724095?uselang=nb#P569" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> (83 år)<br />Denison</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Beskjeftigelse</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fysiker" title="Fysiker">Fysiker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universitetsl%C3%A6rer" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitetslærer">universitetslærer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astrofysiker" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrofysiker">astrofysiker</a>, miljøverner, <a href="/wiki/Klimaforsker" class="mw-redirect" title="Klimaforsker">klimaforsker</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q724095?uselang=nb#P106" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Akademisk grad</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">Professor</a></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Utdannet ved</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a> (akademisk grad: <a href="/wiki/Filosofisk_doktorgrad" title="Filosofisk doktorgrad">ph.d.</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-hash-236f65273ca52d7970ed900ced0eefa4354ec1fc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-236f65273ca52d7970ed900ced0eefa4354ec1fc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Doktorgrads-<br />veileder</th><td colspan="2">Satoshi Matsushima<sup id="cite_ref-hash-fe5b9a6e85f660a4cea0fc2b13b79783f0f02d99_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-fe5b9a6e85f660a4cea0fc2b13b79783f0f02d99-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Nasjonalitet</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Medlem av</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Academia_Europaea" title="Academia Europaea">Academia Europaea</a> (<span title="startdato: 1999">1999</span>–) (tilknytning: AE section Earth and cosmic sciences)<sup id="cite_ref-hash-fba2be6bd1784e4bd81c7649dd0df90c018344d3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-fba2be6bd1784e4bd81c7649dd0df90c018344d3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Utmerkelser</th><td colspan="2"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sentrert">15 oppføringer</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Sofieprisen" title="Sofieprisen">Sofieprisen</a> (<span title="tidspunkt: 2010">2010</span>)<br />Carl-Gustaf Rossby-medaljen (<span title="tidspunkt: 2009">2009</span>)<br />AAAS Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility (<span title="tidspunkt: 2007">2007</span>)<br />Blue Planet Prize (<span title="tidspunkt: 2010">2010</span>)<br />BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award (<span title="tidspunkt: 2016">2016</span>)<br />Nierenberg Prize (<span title="tidspunkt: 2008">2008</span>)<br />Dan David Prize (<span title="tidspunkt: 2007">2007</span>)<br />Leo Szilard Lectureship Award (<span title="tidspunkt: 2007">2007</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-hash-462dbb7b775e584f839c60953de7697c0029dbcc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-462dbb7b775e584f839c60953de7697c0029dbcc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Sierra Club John Muir Award (<span title="tidspunkt: 2008">2008</span>)<br />Duke of Edinburgh Conservation Award (<span title="tidspunkt: 2006">2006</span>)<br />Heinz Award (<span title="tidspunkt: 2001">2001</span>)<br />Roger Revelle Medal (<span title="tidspunkt: 2001">2001</span>)<br />NASA Distinguished Service Medal (<span title="tidspunkt: 2013">2013</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-hash-29c7e77e3651b4a66f98294626c774c8dde3a372_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-29c7e77e3651b4a66f98294626c774c8dde3a372-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Nevada Medal (<span title="tidspunkt: 2008">2008</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-hash-056245979d74573312e1dcee8c6fe0f493b1c8da_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-056245979d74573312e1dcee8c6fe0f493b1c8da-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Edinburgh Medal (<span title="tidspunkt: 2012">2012</span>)</div> </div> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Arbeidssted</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Goddard_Institute_for_Space_Studies" title="Goddard Institute for Space Studies">Goddard Institute for Space Studies</a> (<span title="startdato: 1981">1981</span>–<span title="sluttdato: 2013">2013</span>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> (<span title="startdato: 2003">2003</span>–)</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Fagfelt</th><td colspan="2">Atmosfærefysikk, klimamodell</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4"><hr /><div class="sentrert"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:James_Hansen" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:James Hansen">James Hansen på Commons</a></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>James E. «Jim» Hansen</b> (født <a href="/wiki/29._mars" title="29. mars">29. mars</a> <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a> i Denison i <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>) er en amerikansk klimaforsker, som var leder for NASA <a href="/wiki/Goddard_Institute_for_Space_Studies" title="Goddard Institute for Space Studies">Goddard Institute for Space Studies</a> i <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a> fra 1981 til 2013. Han har også deltidsstilling som <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> ved <a href="/wiki/Columbia-universitetet" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia-universitetet">Columbia-universitetet</a>. </p><p>Hansen er <a href="/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A6re" title="Atmosfære">atmosfæreforsker</a> med spesialfelt <a href="/wiki/Drivhusgass" class="mw-redirect" title="Drivhusgass">drivhusgasser</a>. Han er best kjent for sine arbeider innen <a href="/wiki/Klimatologi" title="Klimatologi">klimatologi</a>. Allerede i 1980-årene advarte han mot konsekvensene av <a href="/wiki/Global_oppvarming" title="Global oppvarming">global oppvarming</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utdanning_og_tidlig_forskning">Utdanning og tidlig forskning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Utdanning og tidlig forskning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Utdanning og tidlig forskning"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hansen studerte ved <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a>, med opphold ved universitetene i <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>. I 1965 tok han <a href="/wiki/Mastergrad" title="Mastergrad">mastergraden</a> i <a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">astronomi</a>, og i 1967 blei han <a href="/wiki/Ph.D." class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ph.D.">Ph.D.</a> i <a href="/wiki/Fysikk" title="Fysikk">fysikk</a>. </p><p>Hansen var først interessert i astronomi, og han studerte blant annet <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> og dens <a href="/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A6re" title="Atmosfære">atmosfære</a>. Et sentralt spørsmål var årsaken til planetens høye overflatetemperatur, og Hansen knytta dette til begreper som <a href="/wiki/Drivhuseffekt" title="Drivhuseffekt">drivhuseffekt</a> og <a href="/wiki/Klimagass" title="Klimagass">klimagasser</a>. Sammen med andre forskere studerte han tykkelse og sammensetning av <a href="/wiki/Skyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyer">skylaget</a> rundt Venus, et arbeid som blei godt hjulpet av at romsonden <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pioneer_Venus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pioneer Venus (ikke skrevet ennå)">Pioneer Venus</a> nådde planeten i 1978. </p><p>Disse arbeidene førte etter hvert over til studier av jordas atmosfære og klima. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klimaspørsmålet"><span id="Klimasp.C3.B8rsm.C3.A5let"></span>Klimaspørsmålet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Klimaspørsmålet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Klimaspørsmålet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I 1988 presenterte Hansen sine resultater for <a href="/wiki/Kongressen_(USA)" title="Kongressen (USA)">Kongressen</a>, og han påpekte at menneskeskapte <a href="/wiki/Klimaendring" title="Klimaendring">klimaendringer</a> nå utgjorde en trussel.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dette regnes av mange som startskuddet for dagens klimadebatt. </p><p>Hansen fortsatte med forskning på feltet, men valgte på 90-tallet å holde seg i bakgrunnen i den offentlige debatten. Han har seinere igjen blitt aktiv klimapolitisk, og i 2005 og 2006 beskyldte han <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASAs</a> administrasjon og <a href="/wiki/Det_hvite_hus" title="Det hvite hus">Det hvite hus</a> for forsøk på å påvirke hans offentlige uttalelser om årsakene til klimaendringene, og for å redigere klimarelaterte pressemeldinger for å få <a href="/wiki/Global_oppvarming" title="Global oppvarming">global oppvarming</a> til å se mindre truende ut.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipping_point">Tipping point</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Tipping point" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tipping point"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>James Hansen er nå særlig kjent for å ha introdusert begrepet <i>tipping point</i> i klimasammenheng. Det innebærer at elementer i klimasystemet kan være i (eller nær) en tilstand der ei minimal endring i dem kan føre heile klimasystemet inn i et nytt regime, forskjellig fra det som har vært i de siste hundrer eller tusener av år. «Tipping point» reflekterer at det er sterke ikke-<a href="/wiki/Linearitet" title="Linearitet">lineære</a> koplinger i klimasystemet. Det betyr at styrken på mange av prosessene som styrer klimautviklinga, i seg sjøl kan ha stor klimaavhengighet (<a href="/wiki/Tilbakekopling" class="mw-redirect" title="Tilbakekopling">tilbakekopling</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eksempler på slike «tipping points» er </p> <ul><li>Når isen i <a href="/wiki/Arktis" title="Arktis">Arktis</a> smelter, erstattes den lyse isflata med ei mørk havoverflate, som vil <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisk_absorpsjon" title="Elektromagnetisk absorpsjon">absorbere</a> en større del av innkommende <a href="/wiki/Solstr%C3%A5ling" title="Solstråling">solstråling</a> i stedet for at denne <a href="/wiki/Refleksjon_(fysikk)" title="Refleksjon (fysikk)">reflekteres</a>. Havoverflata varmes opp, og dermed smelter enda mer is.</li></ul> <ul><li>Når <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra</a> smelter, kan <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metan</a> i fast form fordampe og slippe ut, og dette vil påskynde oppvarminga, ettersom metan er en effektiv drivhusgass.</li></ul> <ul><li>Med sterk smelting på <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nland" title="Grønland">grønlandsisens</a> overflate sommerstid, vil mer <a href="/wiki/Smeltevann" title="Smeltevann">smeltevann</a> finne veien til bunnen av iskappa og «smøre» grenseflata mellom isen og den underliggende berggrunnen. Dette innebærer større fare for utrasing og smelting av store ismasser.</li></ul> <ul><li>Smelting av <a href="/wiki/Isbre" title="Isbre">isbreer</a> i <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya">Himalaya</a> fører til større absorpsjon av solstråling og dermed raskere nedsmelting, samtidig som vannføringa i de store elvene i <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a> reduseres. Redusert vannføring fører til større sjanse for tørke i disse landa, noe som betyr at mer og mer av solinnstrålinga går med til å varme opp jordgrunnen og ikke til å fordampe vann. Dette forsterker oppvarminga og uttørringa ytterligere.</li></ul> <p>Hansen mener at klimatrusselen har brakt oss inn i en «tipping point»-situasjon allerede, og at det er utrygt å leve på jorda med dagens atmosfæriske <a href="/wiki/Karbondioksid" title="Karbondioksid">CO<sub>2</sub></a>-innhold på 385 deler per million (ppm). Han mener at en konsentrasjon av CO<sub>2</sub> i atmosfæren på mer en 350 ppm vil utløse effekter som gjør at den globale oppvarminga akselererer. </p><p>I 2015 sendte Hansen et personlig brev til statsminister <a href="/wiki/Erna_Solberg" title="Erna Solberg">Erna Solberg</a> hvor han ber om stopp i oljeboringen utenfor Nord-Norge.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hansen forlot sin forskerstilling i <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> og har siden vært miljøaktivist og samfunns-debattant. Han har vært arrestert flere ganger på grunn av deltagelse i protestdemonstrasjoner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kvote-_og_avgiftssystemer">Kvote- og avgiftssystemer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kvote- og avgiftssystemer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kvote- og avgiftssystemer"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I tillegg til å presentere resultater av forskninga si, har James Hansen vært opptatt av å skissere praktisk-politiske muligheter til å redusere klimatrusselen. </p><p>James Hansen mener at <a href="/wiki/Kyoto-avtalen" title="Kyoto-avtalen">Kyoto-avtalens</a> kvotesystem («cap and trade») er ineffektivt og at det ikke vil kunne hindre at CO<sub>2</sub>-nivået vokser, og at global oppvarming med stor grad av sikkerhet vil føre oss gjennom flere «tipping points» med dramatiske konsekvenser for menneskeheten allerede i dette århundret. Han mener systemet inviterer til «a lot of trade and only little cap». </p><p>Som et alternativ sier Hansen at karbonkilden må skattlegges («carbon must be taxed as close to the source as possible»).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Et passende skattenivå, for eksempel 100 US-dollar per tonn CO<sub>2</sub>, kan gi et tilstrekkelig insitament til å ta i bruk karbonnøytrale energikilder, slik at karbonreservene i form av <a href="/wiki/Kull" title="Kull">kull</a> og <a href="/wiki/Olje" title="Olje">olje</a> kan bli liggende i bakken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Æresbevisninger_og_priser"><span id=".C3.86resbevisninger_og_priser"></span>Æresbevisninger og priser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Æresbevisninger og priser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Æresbevisninger og priser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hansen blei i 1996 innvalgt i <a href="/wiki/The_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="The National Academy of Sciences">The National Academy of Sciences</a> (USAs vitenskapsakademi).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>I 2001 fikk han den årlige Heinz' miljøpris for forskinga på global oppvarming.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>I 2006 stod han på bladet <a href="/wiki/Time_(magasin)" title="Time (magasin)">Times</a> liste over de hundre mest innflytelsesrike personene.</li> <li>Samme år tildelte The <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a> (AAAS) ham sin pris for vitenskapelig frihet og ansvar.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>I 2007 var Hansen en av mottakerne av den israelske <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_David-prisen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan David-prisen (ikke skrevet ennå)">Dan David-prisen</a> for «virksomhet av framragende vitenskapelig, teknologisk, kulturell eller sosial betydning».<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>I 2008 valgte EarthSky Communications og et utvalg av 600 vitenskapsrådgivere Hansen til «Scientist Communicator of the Year» (årets vitenskapsformidler).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>I 2009 fikk han <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl-Gustaf_Rossby-medaljen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl-Gustaf Rossby-medaljen (ikke skrevet ennå)">Carl-Gustaf Rossby-medaljen</a>, som er <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Meteorological_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Meteorological Society (ikke skrevet ennå)">American Meteorological Societys</a> høyeste utmerkelse.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>I <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a> blei han tildelt <a href="/wiki/Sofieprisen" title="Sofieprisen">Sofieprisen</a> «for sin livsviktige forskning, for sin klare formidling og for sitt genuine engasjement for framtidige generasjoner».<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hash-0a2d6987829b51b5607fbb8a27343b13b43c7984-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-0a2d6987829b51b5607fbb8a27343b13b43c7984_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>Munzinger Personen</span></span>, oppført som <span><span>James E. Hansen</span></span>, Munzinger IBA <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000029137">00000029137</a></span></span>, besøkt 9. oktober 2017<sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-236f65273ca52d7970ed900ced0eefa4354ec1fc-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-236f65273ca52d7970ed900ced0eefa4354ec1fc_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> OCLC-nummer <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/233114952">233114952</a></span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-fe5b9a6e85f660a4cea0fc2b13b79783f0f02d99-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-fe5b9a6e85f660a4cea0fc2b13b79783f0f02d99_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-fba2be6bd1784e4bd81c7649dd0df90c018344d3-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-fba2be6bd1784e4bd81c7649dd0df90c018344d3_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ae-info.org/ae/User/Hansen_James">www.ae-info.org</a><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-462dbb7b775e584f839c60953de7697c0029dbcc-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-462dbb7b775e584f839c60953de7697c0029dbcc_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/szilard.cfm">aps.org</a><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-29c7e77e3651b4a66f98294626c774c8dde3a372-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-29c7e77e3651b4a66f98294626c774c8dde3a372_6-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://searchpub.nssc.nasa.gov/servlet/sm.web.Fetch/Agency_Awards_Historical_Recipient_List.pdf?rhid=1000&did=2120817&type=released">searchpub.nssc.nasa.gov</a><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-056245979d74573312e1dcee8c6fe0f493b1c8da-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-056245979d74573312e1dcee8c6fe0f493b1c8da_7-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dri.edu/special-events/nevadamedal/">www.dri.edu</a><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Times, Philip Shabecoff, Special To The New York (24. juni 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/us/global-warming-has-begun-expert-tells-senate.html">«Global Warming Has Begun, Expert Tells Senate»</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> (på engelsk). <a href="/wiki/Internasjonalt_standard_periodikanummer" title="Internasjonalt standard periodikanummer">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 6. juni 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Hansen&rft.atitle=Global+Warming+Has+Begun%2C+Expert+Tells+Senate&rft.aufirst=Philip+Shabecoff%2C+Special+To+The+New+York&rft.aulast=Times&rft.date=1988-06-24&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F06%2F24%2Fus%2Fglobal-warming-has-begun-expert-tells-senate.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/29/science/earth/29climate.html?_r=1">«Climate Expert Says NASA Tried to Silence Him»</a>, <i>New York Times</i> 29. januar 2006, lest 20. mars 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">James Hansen: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/2008/TwentyYearsLater_20080623.pdf">«Global Warming Twenty Years Later: Tipping Points Near»</a> (PDF), foredrag 23. juni 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Arild Færaas (14. oktober 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/Ej8o/Klimaforsker-James-Hansen-med-kraftig-angrep-pa-statsminister-Solberg">«Tidligere NASA-sjef James Hansen har sendt et personlig brev til vår statsminister hvor han ber om stopp i oljeboringen utenfor Nord-Norge.»</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aftenposten" title="Aftenposten">Aftenposten</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 20. august 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Hansen&rft.au=Arild+F%C3%A6raas&rft.btitle=Tidligere+NASA-sjef+James+Hansen+har+sendt+et+personlig+brev+til+v%C3%A5r+statsminister+hvor+han+ber+om+stopp+i+oljeboringen+utenfor+Nord-Norge.&rft.date=2015-10-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Aftenposten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftenposten.no%2Fnorge%2Fi%2FEj8o%2FKlimaforsker-James-Hansen-med-kraftig-angrep-pa-statsminister-Solberg&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110916143544/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gHU_kN8Ojundra5TdBHr_-CIjb0w">«Carbon tax only way to keep planet cool: Hansen»</a>; AFP-artikkel av 11. mars 2009, lest 20. mars</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/site/Dir/781934637?pg=vprof&mbr=1003147&returl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fsite%2FDir%2F781934637%3Fpg%3Dsrch%26view%3Dbasic&retmk=search_again_link">Fra Vitenskapsakademiets medlemsoversikt</a>; besøkt 8. april 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heinzawards.net/recipients/james-hansen">Fra Heinz-prisens nettsted</a>; besøkt 8. april 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaas.org/aboutaaas/awards/freedom/freedom2007.shtml">Fra AAASs nettsted</a>; besøkt 8. april 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dandavidprize.org/index.php/laureates/laureates-2007/60-2007-future-quest-for-energy/79-james-hansen.html">Fra Dan David-prisens nettsted</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725222235/http://www.dandavidprize.org/index.php/laureates/laureates-2007/60-2007-future-quest-for-energy/79-james-hansen.html">Arkivert</a> 25. juli 2011 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.; besøkt 8. april 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://earthsky.org/press/james-hansen-elected-as-earthsky-scientist-communicator-of-the-year">Fra EarthSkys nettsted</a>; besøkt 8. april 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2009/hansen_ams.html">Nyhetsoppslag på NASA/Goddards nettsted</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019193341/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2009/hansen_ams.html">Arkivert</a> 19. oktober 2017 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 14. januar 2009; besøkt 8. april 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sofieprisen.no/Norsk/Prisvinnere/2010/index.html">Fra Sofieprisens nettsted</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100821155339/http://www.sofieprisen.no/Norsk/Prisvinnere/2010/index.html">Arkivert</a> 21. august 2010 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.; besøkt 7. april 2010.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/">Offisielt nettsted</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p856"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q724095?uselang=nb#P856" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:James_Hansen" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:James Hansen">James Hansen</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q724095?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li>Aftenposten: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aftenposten.no/klima/article3593658.ece"><i>Hansen kritiserer norsk tjæresand-engasjement</i></a>, intervju i tilknytningen <a href="/wiki/Sofieprisen" title="Sofieprisen">Sofieprisen</a>, 7. april 2010</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561737">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Autoritetsdata" title="Hjelp:Autoritetsdata">Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prabook.com/web/person-view.html?profileId=885478">Prabook</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibsys-almaprimo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/dlSearch.do?institution=BIBSYS&vid=BIBSYS&search_scope=blended_scope&query=lsr39,exact,10009420">BIBSYS</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/60300397/">VIAF</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/135569680">GND</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82269662">LCCN</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/0000000085147693">ISNI</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123328546">BNF</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123328546">BNF (data)</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/139010416">SUDOC</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=226345">MGP</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/search/display?dbid=auth&id=35188531">NLA</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001124008">NDL</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/things/48071e97-37dd-4c77-ab4c-95e03b4c8edd">BBC Things</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000029137">Munzinger (iba)</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/James%5FHansen4">ResearchGate</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NhWonoUAAAAJ">Google Scholar</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Klimaendringer_og_global_oppvarming" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Klimaendringer_og_global_oppvarming" title="Mal:Klimaendringer og global oppvarming"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/wiki/Maldiskusjon:Klimaendringer_og_global_oppvarming" title="Maldiskusjon:Klimaendringer og global oppvarming"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Klimaendringer_og_global_oppvarming" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Klimaendringer og global oppvarming"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Klimaendringer_og_global_oppvarming" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Klimaendring" title="Klimaendring">Klimaendringer</a> og <a href="/wiki/Global_oppvarming" title="Global oppvarming">global oppvarming</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Årsaker</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Menneskeskapte</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Str%C3%A5lingsp%C3%A5driv" title="Strålingspådriv">Strålingspådriv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbondioksid" title="Karbondioksid">Karbondioksid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klimagass" title="Klimagass">Klimagass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LULUCF" title="LULUCF">LULUCF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naturlige</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Den_arktiske_oscillasjonen" title="Den arktiske oscillasjonen">Den arktiske oscillasjonen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o" title="El Niño">El Niño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klimap%C3%A5driv" title="Klimapådriv">Klimapådriv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milankovi%C4%87-syklusene" title="Milanković-syklusene">Milanković-syklusene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordatlantisk_oscillasjon" title="Nordatlantisk oscillasjon">Nordatlantisk oscillasjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solflekksyklusen" title="Solflekksyklusen">Solflekksyklusen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Faktorer som <br />påvirker klimaet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">Albedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A6risk_tilbakestr%C3%A5ling" title="Atmosfærisk tilbakestråling">Atmosfærisk tilbakestråling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A6risk_sirkulasjon" title="Atmosfærisk sirkulasjon">Atmosfærisk sirkulasjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drivhuseffekt" title="Drivhuseffekt">Drivhuseffekt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_dimming" title="Global dimming">Global dimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_nedkj%C3%B8ling" title="Global nedkjøling">Global nedkjøling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nlandsisen" title="Grønlandsisen">Grønlandsisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbondioksid" title="Karbondioksid">Karbondioksid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbonkretsl%C3%B8pet" title="Karbonkretsløpet">Karbonkretsløpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbonsluk" title="Karbonsluk">Karbonsluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klima" title="Klima">Klima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klimaf%C3%B8lsomhet" title="Klimafølsomhet">Klimafølsomhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrisk_str%C3%A5ling" title="Terrestrisk stråling">Terrestrisk stråling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilbakekoblingsmekanisme_(klima)" title="Tilbakekoblingsmekanisme (klima)">Tilbakekoblingsmekanisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordens_str%C3%A5lingsbalanse" title="Jordens strålingsbalanse">Jordens strålingsbalanse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vippepunkt_(klima)" title="Vippepunkt (klima)">Vippepunkt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Klimavitenskap</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CO2-ekvivalent" title="CO2-ekvivalent">CO<sub>2</sub>-ekvivalent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_atmosf%C3%A6risk_overv%C3%A5king" title="Global atmosfærisk overvåking">Global atmosfærisk overvåking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockeyk%C3%B8llegrafen" title="Hockeykøllegrafen">Hockeykøllegrafen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskjernepr%C3%B8ve" title="Iskjerneprøve">Iskjerneprøve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klimaeffektforskning" title="Klimaeffektforskning">Klimaeffektforskning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klimaproxy" title="Klimaproxy">Klimaproxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeling-kurven" title="Keeling-kurven">Keeling-kurven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauna_Loa-observatoriet" title="Mauna Loa-observatoriet">Mauna Loa-observatoriet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Konsekvenser</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konsekvenser_av_global_oppvarming" title="Konsekvenser av global oppvarming">Konsekvenser av global oppvarming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fysiske_konsekvenser_av_global_oppvarming" title="Fysiske konsekvenser av global oppvarming">Fysiske konsekvenser av global oppvarming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosiale_konsekvenser_av_global_oppvarming" title="Sosiale konsekvenser av global oppvarming">Sosiale konsekvenser av global oppvarming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konsekvenser_av_global_oppvarming_for_havet" title="Konsekvenser av global oppvarming for havet">Konsekvenser av global oppvarming for havet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Klimapolitikk" title="Klimapolitikk">Klimapolitikk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klimakonvensjonen" class="mw-redirect" title="Klimakonvensjonen">Klimakonvensjonen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FNs_klimapanel" title="FNs klimapanel">FNs klimapanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPCCs_fjerde_hovedrapport" title="IPCCs fjerde hovedrapport">IPCCs fjerde hovedrapport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPCCs_femte_hovedrapport" title="IPCCs femte hovedrapport">IPCCs femte hovedrapport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyoto-avtalen" title="Kyoto-avtalen">Kyoto-avtalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parisavtalen" title="Parisavtalen">Parisavtalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbonfangst_og_-lagring" title="Karbonfangst og -lagring">Karbonfangst og -lagring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudato_si%E2%80%99" title="Laudato si’">Laudato si’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_over_land_etter_karbondioksidutslipp" title="Liste over land etter karbondioksidutslipp">Liste over land etter karbondioksidutslipp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klimaskepsis" title="Klimaskepsis">Klimaskepsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B8flyktning" title="Miljøflyktning">Miljøflyktning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skolestreik_for_klima" title="Skolestreik for klima">Skolestreik for klima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historie</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall" title="John Tyndall">John Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Stewart_Callendar" title="Guy Stewart Callendar">Guy Stewart Callendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_David_Keeling" title="Charles David Keeling">Charles David Keeling</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Hansen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hendelser</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antropocen" title="Antropocen">Antropocen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_varme_perioden_i_middelalderen" title="Den varme perioden i middelalderen">Den varme perioden i middelalderen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_lille_istid" title="Den lille istid">Den lille istid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klimahistorie" title="Klimahistorie">Klimahistorie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Annet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Global_Assessment_Report_on_Biodiversity_and_Ecosystem_Services" title="Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services">Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hentet fra «<a dir="ltr" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&oldid=23972768">https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&oldid=23972768</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kategorier" title="Kategori:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:F%C3%B8dsler_i_1941" title="Kategori:Fødsler i 1941">Fødsler i 1941</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Klimatologer" title="Kategori:Klimatologer">Klimatologer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Fysikere_fra_USA" title="Kategori:Fysikere fra USA">Fysikere fra USA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Personer_fra_Crawford_County_i_Iowa" title="Kategori:Personer fra Crawford County i Iowa">Personer fra Crawford County i Iowa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skjulte kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sider_med_referanser_fra_utsagn" title="Kategori:Sider med referanser fra utsagn">Sider med referanser fra utsagn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:F%C3%B8dsler_29._mars" title="Kategori:Fødsler 29. mars">Fødsler 29. mars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Enkeltmenn" title="Kategori:Enkeltmenn">Enkeltmenn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_hvor_bilde_er_hentet_fra_Wikidata_%E2%80%93_biografi" title="Kategori:Artikler hvor bilde er hentet fra Wikidata – biografi">Artikler hvor bilde er hentet fra Wikidata – biografi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_offisielle_lenker_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler med offisielle lenker fra Wikidata">Artikler med offisielle lenker fra Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_autoritetsdatalenker_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata">Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_autoritetsdatalenker_for_P1960_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker for P1960 fra Wikidata">Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker for P1960 fra Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Denne siden ble sist redigert 21. nov. 2023 kl. 05:57.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Innholdet er tilgjengelig under <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no">Creative Commons-lisensen Navngivelse-DelPåSammeVilkår</a>, men ytterligere betingelser kan gjelde. Se <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">bruksvilkårene</a> for detaljer.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Personvern</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Om">Om Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Generelle_forbehold">Forbehold</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Atferdsnorm</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Utviklere</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/no.wikipedia.org">Statistikk</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Erklæring om informasjonskapsler</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Hansen&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilvisning</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-zmfvg","wgBackendResponseTime":185,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.006","walltime":"1.336","ppvisitednodes":{"value":15646,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":76713,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13894,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":30560,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":15,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1255.621 1 -total"," 58.40% 733.293 1 Mal:Infoboks_vitenskapsmann"," 58.05% 728.852 1 Mal:Infoboks_biografi"," 26.43% 331.893 1 Mal:Autoritetsdata"," 21.30% 267.402 8 Mal:Navboks"," 20.86% 261.903 8 Mal:Navbox"," 20.69% 259.747 158 Mal:Infoboks_rad"," 9.30% 116.715 2 Mal:Br_separated_entries"," 6.28% 78.869 1 Mal:Klimaendringer_og_global_oppvarming"," 3.46% 43.401 1 Mal:Kilde_avis"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.610","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11606095,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-648bd44df8-2d849","timestamp":"20241117170758","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"James Hansen","url":"https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Hansen","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q724095","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q724095","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bidragsytere til Wikimedia-prosjektene"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-03-16T10:22:28Z","dateModified":"2023-11-21T04:57:25Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/19\/James_Hansen_profile_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"amerikansk fysiker"}</script> </body> </html>