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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Tanah" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Tanah" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Tanah" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Tanah" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pembentukan_tanah_(pedogenesis)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembentukan_tanah_(pedogenesis)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pembentukan tanah (pedogenesis)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembentukan_tanah_(pedogenesis)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mitologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mitologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mitologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mitologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengurai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengurai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pengurai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengurai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komponen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komponen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Komponen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komponen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis-Jenis_Organisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis-Jenis_Organisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Jenis-Jenis Organisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jenis-Jenis_Organisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karakteristik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakteristik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Karakteristik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karakteristik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manfaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manfaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Manfaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manfaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pencemaran_tanah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pencemaran_tanah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Pencemaran tanah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pencemaran_tanah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahan_bacaan_terkait" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahan_bacaan_terkait"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bahan bacaan terkait</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahan_bacaan_terkait-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tanah</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 135 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-135" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">135 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grond" title="Grond – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Grond" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suelo" title="Suelo – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Suelo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="تربة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تربة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="মাটি – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মাটি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suelu" title="Suelu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Suelu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laq%27a" title="Laq'a – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Laq'a" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpaq" title="Torpaq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Torpaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="توپراق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توپراق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A1" title="Тупраҡ – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тупраҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%97rva" title="Dėrva – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dėrva" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tano" title="Tano – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Tano" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daga" title="Daga – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Daga" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Глеба – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Глеба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Глеба – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Глеба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tana" title="Tana – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Tana" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Почва – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Почва" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="माटी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="माटी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="মাটি – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাটি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douar" title="Douar – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Douar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlo" title="Tlo – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tlo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2l" title="Sòl – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sòl" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B9" title="Tù – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tù" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Латта – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Латта" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%86%DA%B5" title="خۆڵ – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خۆڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%AFda" title="Půda – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Půda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тăпра – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тăпра" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pridd" title="Pridd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pridd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jord" title="Jord – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jord" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boden_(Bodenkunde)" title="Boden (Bodenkunde) – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Boden (Bodenkunde)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Έδαφος – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έδαφος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil" title="Soil – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Soil" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundo" title="Grundo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grundo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suelo" title="Suelo – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Suelo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muld" title="Muld – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Muld" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurzoru" title="Lurzoru – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurzoru" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="خاک – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خاک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaper%C3%A4" title="Maaperä – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maaperä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qele" title="Qele – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Qele" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol_(p%C3%A9dologie)" title="Sol (pédologie) – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sol (pédologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boaiem_(ierde)" title="Boaiem (ierde) – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Boaiem (ierde)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithir" title="Ithir – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ithir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%99ir" title="Ùir – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ùir" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solo" title="Solo – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Solo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%98asa_(shinfidar_%C6%99asa)" title="Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa) – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%BA" title="Thú – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thú" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A2" title="קרקע – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרקע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE" title="मृदा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मृदा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlo" title="Tlo – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tlo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaj" title="Talaj – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Talaj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%B2" title="Հող – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հող" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulo" title="Sulo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sulo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0vegur" title="Jarðvegur – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jarðvegur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suolo" title="Suolo – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Suolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%8C" title="土壌 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="土壌" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemah" title="Lemah – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lemah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ნიადაგი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიადაგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akal_(tasnakalt)" title="Akal (tasnakalt) – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Akal (tasnakalt)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanoh" title="Tanoh – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Tanoh" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Топырақ – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Топырақ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%81" title="ಮಣ್ಣು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಣ್ಣು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%99" title="흙 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ax" title="Ax – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ax" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Топурак – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Топурак" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_(solum)" title="Terra (solum) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Terra (solum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerdbaom" title="Aerdbaom – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aerdbaom" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirvo%C5%BEemis" title="Dirvožemis – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dirvožemis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsne" title="Augsne – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Augsne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nofon-tany" title="Nofon-tany – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nofon-tany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah" title="Tanah – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tanah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Почва – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Почва" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D" title="മണ്ണ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മണ്ണ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%81" title="Хөрс – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хөрс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD" title="တိ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="တိ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="माती – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah" title="Tanah – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tanah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Мода – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мода" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlalli" title="Tlalli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlalli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B" title="माटो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="माटो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodem" title="Bodem – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bodem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jord" title="Jord – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jord" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jord" title="Jord – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jord" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਮਿੱਟੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿੱਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil" title="Soil – Pidgin Nigeria" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Soil" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Pidgin Nigeria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleba" title="Gleba – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gleba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="مٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="خاوره – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خاوره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solo" title="Solo – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Solo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allpa" title="Allpa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Allpa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terren" title="Terren – Reto-Roman" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Terren" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Roman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)" title="Sol (strat al Pământului) – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sol (strat al Pământului)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimintu" title="Pimintu – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Pimintu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Почва – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Почва" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Буор – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Буор" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱦᱟᱥᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱟᱥᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirrinu" title="Tirrinu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tirrinu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syle" title="Syle – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Syle" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%BD%D9%8A" title="مٽي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مٽي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlo" title="Tlo – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tlo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akal" title="Akal – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Akal" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil" title="Soil – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Soil" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B4da" title="Pôda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pôda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prst_(pedologija)" title="Prst (pedologija) – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prst (pedologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaga" title="Dhaga – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dhaga" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dheu" title="Dheu – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dheu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Тло – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тло" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taneuh" title="Taneuh – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Taneuh" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jord" title="Jord – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jord" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udongo" title="Udongo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Udongo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/lala%27" title="lala' – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="lala'" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D" title="மண் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மண்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/rhzyal(%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0)" title="rhzyal(土地) – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="rhzyal(土地)" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮಣ್ಣ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಮಣ್ಣ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF" title="మట్టి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మట్టి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Хок – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хок" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ดิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupa" title="Lupa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lupa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelekele" title="Kelekele – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kelekele" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toprak" title="Toprak – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Toprak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Туфрак – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Туфрак" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%87%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="تۇپراق – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۇپراق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Ґрунт – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ґрунт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="مٹی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuproq" title="Tuproq – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tuproq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahuz" title="Mahuz – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mahuz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A5t" title="Đất – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirde_(ground)" title="Eirde (ground) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Eirde (ground)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tuna" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A0%87%E6%B3%A5" title="堇泥 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="堇泥" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umhlaba" title="Umhlaba – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Umhlaba" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9F" title="באדן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באדן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namh" title="Namh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Namh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="土壤 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土壤" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B4%CD%98" title="Thô͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thô͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E5%9C%9F" title="泥土 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="泥土" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36133#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tanah" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Tanah" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tanah"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tanah"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Tanah" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Tanah" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&oldid=26496033" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Tanah&id=26496033&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTanah"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTanah"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tanah"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" 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accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i>Artikel ini membahas tanah sebagai benda bentukan alam. Untuk tanah sebagai objek hukum, lihat artikel <a href="/wiki/Lahan" title="Lahan">lahan</a></i>.</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Soil_profile.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Soil_profile.png/220px-Soil_profile.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Soil_profile.png/330px-Soil_profile.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Soil_profile.png/440px-Soil_profile.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1833" /></a><figcaption>Profil tanah, memperlihatkan beberapa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horizon_tanah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horizon tanah (halaman belum tersedia)">horizon tanah</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tanah</b> adalah bagian <a href="/wiki/Kerak_bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerak bumi">kerak bumi</a> yang tersusun dari <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahan_organik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahan organik">bahan organik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tanah sangat vital peranannya bagi semua kehidupan di bumi karena tanah mendukung kehidupan <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan">tumbuhan</a> dengan menyediakan <a href="/wiki/Unsur_hara" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsur hara">unsur hara</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">air</a> sekaligus sebagai penopang <a href="/wiki/Akar" title="Akar">akar</a>. Struktur tanah yang berongga-rongga juga menjadi tempat yang baik bagi <a href="/wiki/Akar" title="Akar">akar</a> untuk bernapas dan tumbuh. Tanah juga menjadi <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> hidup berbagai <a href="/wiki/Mikroorganisme" title="Mikroorganisme">mikroorganisme</a>. Bagi sebagian besar <a href="/wiki/Hewan_pemamah_biak" title="Hewan pemamah biak">hewan</a> darat, tanah menjadi lahan untuk hidup dan bergerak.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ilmu yang mempelajari berbagai aspek mengenai tanah dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_tanah" title="Ilmu tanah">ilmu tanah</a>. </p><p>Dari segi <a href="/wiki/Klimatologi" title="Klimatologi">klimatologi</a>, tanah memegang peranan penting sebagai penyimpan air dan menekan <a href="/wiki/Erosi" title="Erosi">erosi</a>, meskipun tanah sendiri juga dapat tererosi.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Komposisi tanah berbeda-beda pada satu lokasi dengan lokasi yang lain. Air dan <a href="/wiki/Udara" title="Udara">udara</a> merupakan bagian dari tanah. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pembentukan_tanah_(pedogenesis)"><span id="Pembentukan_tanah_.28pedogenesis.29"></span>Pembentukan tanah (pedogenesis)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Pembentukan tanah (pedogenesis)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pembentukan tanah (pedogenesis)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pedologi" title="Pedologi">Pedologi</a></div> <p>Tanah berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Pelapukan" title="Pelapukan">pelapukan</a> <a href="/wiki/Batuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Batuan">batuan</a> dengan bantuan <a href="/wiki/Organisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisme">organisme</a>, membentuk tubuh unik yang menutupi batuan.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proses pembentukan tanah dikenal sebagai <i>pedogenesis</i>. Proses yang unik ini membentuk tanah sebagai tubuh alam yang terdiri atas lapisan-lapisan atau disebut sebagai horizon tanah. Setiap horizon menceritakan mengenai asal dan proses-proses <a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">fisika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">kimia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologi</a> yang telah dilalui tubuh tanah tersebut. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Jenny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Jenny (halaman belum tersedia)">Hans Jenny</a> (1899-1992), seorang pakar tanah asal <a href="/wiki/Swiss" title="Swiss">Swiss</a> yang bekerja di <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>, menyebutkan bahwa tanah terbentuk dari bahan induk yang telah mengalami modifikasi/pelapukan akibat dinamika faktor <a href="/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim">iklim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisme">organisme</a> (termasuk manusia), dan relief permukaan bumi (<a href="/wiki/Topografi" title="Topografi">topografi</a>) seiring dengan berjalannya <a href="/wiki/Waktu" title="Waktu">waktu</a>. Berdasarkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinamika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinamika (halaman belum tersedia)">dinamika</a> kelima faktor tersebut terbentuklah berbagai jenis tanah dan dapat dilakukan <a href="/wiki/Pedologi#Klasifikasi_tanah" title="Pedologi">klasifikasi tanah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tanah terbentuk dari batuan dan batuan memerlukan waktu jutaan tahun untuk berubah menjadi tanah. Batuan menjadi tanah karena pelapukan yaitu proses hancurnya batuan menjadi tanah. Batuan dapat mengalami pelapukan karena berbagai faktor, di antaranya cuaca dan kegiatan makhluk hidup. Faktor cuaca yang menyebabkan pelapukan batuan, misalnya suhu dan curah hujan. </p><p>Pelapukan yang disebabkan oleh faktor cuaca ini disebut pelapukan <a href="/wiki/Fisika_partikel" title="Fisika partikel">fisika</a>. Adapun makhluk hidup yang menyebabkan pelapukan, misalnya pepohonan dan lumut yang disebut pelapukan biologi. Tanah terbentuk dari beberapa faktor : batuan , iklim, jazad hidup, topografi dan waktu. Adanya berbagai berbedaan dari faktor-faktor tersebut , maka proses pelapukan dan pembentukan tanah berbeda-beda. Hal ini menyebabkan adanya perbedaan jenis tanah antara satu daerah dengan daerah lainnya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mitologi">Mitologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Mitologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mitologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bagi orang <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Papua" title="Pulau Papua">Papua</a> tanah dipandang sebagai ibu atau mama dalam bahasa lokal yang melahirkan , memberi makan, merawat dan mendidik. Tanah dipandang sebagai rahim yang menjadi sumber penghidupan. Suku <a href="/wiki/Suku_Arfak" title="Suku Arfak">Arfak</a> menyebut tanah ibarat air susu ibu yang dibutuhkan bayi. <a href="/wiki/Suku_Amungme" title="Suku Amungme">Suku Amungme</a> menganggap dirinya adalah bagian dari alam sekitar, oleh karena itu jika kita merusak alam berarti manusia tersebut merusak dirinya sendiri. Demikian juga dengan suku Kamoro yang menganggap tanah sebagai sumber lahirnya manusia keluar yang diartikan sebagai lahir dari dari mata air yang disebut <i>Bunyomane.</i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pengurai">Pengurai</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Pengurai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pengurai"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Termites_rush_to_damaged_portion_of_mound.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Termites_rush_to_damaged_portion_of_mound.jpg/220px-Termites_rush_to_damaged_portion_of_mound.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Termites_rush_to_damaged_portion_of_mound.jpg/330px-Termites_rush_to_damaged_portion_of_mound.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Termites_rush_to_damaged_portion_of_mound.jpg/440px-Termites_rush_to_damaged_portion_of_mound.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1895" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>Makanan utama rayap selain selulosa pada kayu, juga selulosa yang terdapat pada sabuk kelapa, rumput, kertas, karton, tekstil dan kulit-kulit tanaman. Mereka juga mengonsumsi jamur sebagai bahan makanannya. Kelompok rayap dari sub-famili Mastotermetinae (famili Termitidae) membudidayakan jamur Termitomyces (Basidiomycetes) dalam koloninya, jamur ini dimakan oleh anggota koloni yang masih muda. Rayap juga ada yang mengomsumsi tanah yang mengandung mineral, karbohidrat, mikroorganisme tanah dan polyphenolic. Sekitar 60% dari famili termitidae mengomsumsi tanah sebagai bahan makanannya.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dekomposer atau pengurai adalah organisme yang memakan organisme mati dan produk-produk limbah dari organisme lain. Pengurai membantu siklus nutrisi kembali ke ekosistem. </p><p>Dekomposer membuat tanah kaya dengan menambahkan senyawa organik dengan itu. Zat seperti <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>, air dan <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> dikembalikan ke ekosistem melalui tindakan pengurai. Yang termasuk contoh pengurai (dekomposer) adalah <a href="/wiki/Serangga" title="Serangga">serangga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cacing_tanah" title="Cacing tanah">cacing tanah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri">bakteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamur" title="Jamur">jamur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belatung" title="Belatung">belatung</a>, lactobacteria, <a href="/wiki/Kecoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecoa">kecoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ragi" title="Ragi">ragi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siput" title="Siput">siput</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumut" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lumut">lumut</a>, dan actinomycetes/<a href="/wiki/Actinobacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinobacteria">actinobacteria</a>. </p><p>Dekomposer atau pengurai adalah makhluk hidup yang memperoleh energi dengan cara menguraikan sisa-sisa makhluk hidup yang telah mati. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Komponen">Komponen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Komponen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Komponen"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Komponen tanah adalah susunan dari proses terjadinya tanah. Tanah bukan merupakan timbunan bahan padat dalam sistem yang mati dan statis, namun merupakan suatu sistem yang dinamis dan hidup yang mengalami perubahan dari waktu ke waktu. Setiap tanah tersusun dari bahan mineral/anorganik, bahan organik, air tanah, dan udara. Bahan mineral berasal dari hasil pelapukan batuan, sedangkan bahan organik berasal dari hasil penguraian <a href="/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup">organisme</a> yang mati. Namun demikian perbandingan masing-masing bahan komponen penyusun tanah itu berbeda-beda pada setiap tanah dan berubah-ubah setiap saat. Untuk perbandingan komponen tanah yang baik yang dibutuhkan tanaman secara idealnya adalah bahan mineral 45% , bahan organik 5%, air 25% dan udara 25%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jenis-Jenis_Organisme">Jenis-Jenis Organisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Jenis-Jenis Organisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jenis-Jenis Organisme"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di dalam tanah terdapat jenis-jenis <a href="/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup">organisme</a> tanah yang mempunyai fungsi dalam mata rantai kehidupan. Organisme yang terdapat di dalam tanah, ada beberapa jenis di antaranya adalah: pemecah bahan organik seperti <a href="/wiki/Tungau" title="Tungau">tungau</a> , <a href="/wiki/Kumbang" title="Kumbang">kumbang</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Collembola" title="Collembola">collembola</a> yang memecah-mecah bahan organic yang besar menjadi bagian-bagian kecil, pembusuk bahan organik seperti <a href="/wiki/Jamur" title="Jamur">jamur</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri">bakteri</a> yang memecahkan bahan-bahan cellular. </p><p>Pengikat <a href="/wiki/Hara" class="mw-disambig" title="Hara">hara</a> yang hidup bebas seperti alga dan azotobakter mengikat hara di dalam tanah. Pembangun struktur tanah seperti akar tanaman, cacing tanah, ulat-ulat, dan jamur semuanya membantu mengikat <a href="/wiki/Partikel" title="Partikel">partikel</a>-partikel tanah sehingga struktur tanah menjadi stabil dan tahan terhadap erosi. <a href="/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen">Patogen</a> seperti jenis jamur tertentu, bakteri dan nematoda dapat menyerang jaringan tanaman. Predator atau pemangsa, termasuk protozoa, nematoda parasite dan jenis jamur tertentu, semuanya memangsa organisme tanah yang lain sebagai sumber makanan mereka. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karakteristik">Karakteristik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Karakteristik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Karakteristik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tubuh tanah (<a href="/wiki/Solum" title="Solum">solum</a>) tidak lain adalah batuan yang melapuk dan mengalami proses pembentukan lanjutan. Usia tanah yang ditemukan saat ini tidak ada yang lebih tua daripada periode <a href="/wiki/Tersier" title="Tersier">Tersier</a> dan kebanyakan terbentuk dari masa <a href="/wiki/Pleistosen" title="Pleistosen">Pleistosen</a>. </p><p>Tubuh tanah terbentuk dari campuran bahan organik dan mineral. Tanah non-organik atau tanah mineral terbentuk dari batuan sehingga ia mengandung mineral. Sebaliknya, tanah organik (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Organosol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organosol (halaman belum tersedia)">organosol</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Humosol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humosol (halaman belum tersedia)">humosol</a>) terbentuk dari pemadatan terhadap bahan organik yang ter<a href="/wiki/Degradasi" class="mw-disambig" title="Degradasi">degradasi</a>. </p><p>Tanah organik berwarna hitam dan merupakan pembentuk utama lahan <a href="/wiki/Gambut" title="Gambut">gambut</a> dan kelak dapat menjadi <a href="/wiki/Batu_bara" title="Batu bara">batu bara</a>. Tanah organik cenderung memiliki keasaman tinggi karena mengandung beberapa <a href="/wiki/Asam" title="Asam">asam</a> organik (substansi humik) hasil <a href="/wiki/Dekomposisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dekomposisi">dekomposisi</a> berbagai bahan organik. Kelompok tanah ini biasanya miskin <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a>, pasokan mineral berasal dari aliran air atau hasil dekomposisi jaringan makhluk hidup. Tanah organik dapat ditanami karena memiliki sifat fisik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gembur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gembur (halaman belum tersedia)">gembur</a> (sarang) sehingga mampu menyimpan cukup air namun karena memiliki keasaman tinggi sebagian besar tanaman pangan akan memberikan hasil terbatas dan di bawah capaian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optimum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optimum (halaman belum tersedia)">optimum</a>. </p><p>Tanah non-organik di<a href="/wiki/Dominasi" class="mw-disambig" title="Dominasi">dominasi</a> oleh mineral. Mineral ini membentuk partikel pembentuk tanah. <a href="/wiki/Tekstur_tanah" title="Tekstur tanah">Tekstur tanah</a> demikian ditentukan oleh komposisi tiga <a href="/wiki/Partikel" title="Partikel">partikel</a> pembentuk tanah: <a href="/wiki/Pasir" title="Pasir">pasir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanau" title="Lanau">lanau</a> (debu), dan <a href="/wiki/Lempung" class="mw-redirect" title="Lempung">lempung</a>. Tanah pasiran didominasi oleh pasir, tanah lempungan didominasi oleh lempung. Tanah dengan komposisi pasir, lanau, dan lempung yang seimbang dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Geluh" title="Geluh">geluh</a> (<i>loam</i>). </p><p>Warna tanah merupakan ciri utama yang paling mudah diingat orang. Warna tanah sangat bervariasi, mulai dari hitam kelam, cokelat, merah bata, jingga, kuning, hingga putih. Selain itu, tanah dapat memiliki lapisan-lapisan dengan perbedaan warna yang kontras sebagai akibat proses kimia (pengasaman) atau pencucian (leaching). Tanah berwarna hitam atau gelap sering kali menandakan kehadiran bahan organik yang tinggi, baik karena pelapukan <a href="/wiki/Vegetasi" title="Vegetasi">vegetasi</a> maupun proses pengendapan di rawa-<a href="/wiki/Rawa" title="Rawa">rawa</a>. Warna gelap juga dapat disebabkan oleh kehadiran <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">belerang</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>. Warna tanah kemerahan atau kekuningan biasanya disebabkan kandungan besi ter<a href="/wiki/Reaksi_redoks" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaksi redoks">oksidasi</a> yang tinggi; warna yang berbeda terjadi karena pengaruh kondisi proses kimia pembentukannya. Suasana <a href="/wiki/Aerobik" title="Aerobik">aerobik</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksidatif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oksidatif (halaman belum tersedia)">oksidatif</a> menghasilkan warna yang seragam atau perubahan warna bertahap, sedangkan suasana <a href="/wiki/Anaerobik" class="mw-disambig" title="Anaerobik">anaerobik</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Reduktif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reduktif (halaman belum tersedia)">reduktif</a> membawa pada pola warna yang bertotol-totol atau warna yang ter<a href="/wiki/Konsentrasi" title="Konsentrasi">konsentrasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Struktur_tanah" title="Struktur tanah">Struktur tanah</a> merupakan karakteristik fisik tanah yang terbentuk dari komposisi antara agregat (butir) tanah dan ruang antaragregat. Tanah tersusun dari tiga fase: fase padatan, fase cair, dan fase gas. Fase cair dan gas mengisi ruang antaragregat. Struktur tanah tergantung dari imbangan ketiga faktor penyusun ini. Ruang antaragregat disebut sebagai porus (jamak pori). Struktur tanah baik bagi perakaran apabila pori berukuran besar (makropori) terisi udara dan pori berukuran kecil (mikropori) terisi air. Tanah yang gembur (sarang) memiliki agregat yang cukup besar dengan makropori dan mikropori yang seimbang. Tanah menjadi semakin liat apabila berlebihan kadar lempungnya sehingga kekurangan makropori. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manfaat">Manfaat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Manfaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Manfaat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manfaat tanah bagi kehidupan manusia antara lain tanah sebagai lahan, bahan baku industri dan sumber energi. </p><p>1. Tanah sebagai lahan , dimanfaatkan untuk <a href="/wiki/Pola_pemukiman" class="mw-redirect" title="Pola pemukiman">pemukiman</a>, lahan industri, lahan pertanian dan lain-lain.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2. Tanah sebagai bahan mentah industri antara lain : Tanah liat, lempung merupakan bahan pembutan gerabah, bahan baku semen, bahan bangunan (genteng, bata), lumpur untuk pengeboran minyak, cetakan pengecoran besi. Tanah kaolin sejenis liat, lunak, warnanya putih/kuning/abu-abu kaya aluminium silikat dan dapat digunakan untuk bahan baku kertas, tekstil, kimia dan keramik. </p><p>3. Tanah sebagai sumber energi. Tanah gambut merupakan salah satu sumber energi alternatif. Daerah persebaran tahan gambut di Indonesia terdapat di <a href="/wiki/Sumatra_Timur" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sumatra Timur">Sumatra Timur</a>, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Selatan, dan Papua. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pencemaran_tanah">Pencemaran tanah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Pencemaran tanah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pencemaran tanah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pencemaran_tanah" title="Pencemaran tanah">Pencemaran tanah</a></div> <p>Pencemaran tanah terjadi akibat masuknya benda asing (misalnya senyawa kimia buatan manusia) ke tanah dan mengubah suasana/lingkungan asli tanah sehingga terjadi penurunan kualitas tanah. Pencemaran dapat terjadi karena kebocoran limbah cair atau bahan kimia industri atau fasilitas komersial; penggunaan <a href="/wiki/Pestisida" title="Pestisida">pestisida</a>; masuknya air permukaan tanah tercemar ke dalam lapisan sub-permukaan; kecelakaan kendaraaan pengangkut <a href="/wiki/Minyak" title="Minyak">minyak</a>, zat kimia, atau limbah; air limbah dari tempat penimbunan sampah serta limbah <a href="/wiki/Industri" title="Industri">industri</a> yang langsung dibuang ke tanah secara sembarangan (<i>illegal dumping</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22254620">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalborder>ul{padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint plainlist portalbox portalborder tright"> <ul> <li><span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Veranotrigo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Veranotrigo.jpg/32px-Veranotrigo.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Veranotrigo.jpg/48px-Veranotrigo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Veranotrigo.jpg/64px-Veranotrigo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pertanian" title="Portal:Pertanian">Portal pertanian </a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_tanah" title="Ilmu tanah">Ilmu tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinisasi_tanah" class="mw-redirect" title="Salinisasi tanah">Salinisasi tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengikatan_nitrogen" title="Pengikatan nitrogen">Pengikatan nitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenis_Tanah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenis Tanah (halaman belum tersedia)">Jenis Tanah</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Russanti, Irma (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Eksplorasi_Batik_Tanah/MbKLDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Tanah+dalam+bahasa+Yunani:+pedon+adalah+bagian+kerak+bumi+yang+tersusun+dari+mineral+dan+bahan+organik.&pg=PA16&printsec=frontcover"><i>Eksplorasi Batik Tanah</i></a>. Pantera Publishing. hlm. 16. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9786026013736" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9786026013736">9786026013736</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eksplorasi+Batik+Tanah&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Pantera+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9786026013736&rft.aulast=Russanti&rft.aufirst=Irma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.id%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FEksplorasi_Batik_Tanah%2FMbKLDwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3DTanah%2Bdalam%2Bbahasa%2BYunani%3A%2Bpedon%2Badalah%2Bbagian%2Bkerak%2Bbumi%2Byang%2Btersusun%2Bdari%2Bmineral%2Bdan%2Bbahan%2Borganik.%26pg%3DPA16%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATanah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Idham (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Konstitusionalisme_tanah_hak_milik_di_at/antREAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=tanah+menjadi+lahan+untuk+hidup+dan+bergerak&pg=PA123&printsec=frontcover"><i>Konstitusionalisme tanah hak milik di atas tanah hak pengelolaan</i></a>. Penerbit Alumni. hlm. 123.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Konstitusionalisme+tanah+hak+milik+di+atas+tanah+hak+pengelolaan&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Penerbit+Alumni&rft.date=2021&rft.au=Idham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.id%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FKonstitusionalisme_tanah_hak_milik_di_at%2FantREAAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Did%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3Dtanah%2Bmenjadi%2Blahan%2Buntuk%2Bhidup%2Bdan%2Bbergerak%26pg%3DPA123%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATanah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Robert J. Kodoatie, Dirmawan, Christine Mayavani (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Tata_Ruang_Sungai_Aluvial_dan_Sungai_Non/fzEhEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=tanah+menjadi+lahan+untuk+hidup+dan+bergerak&pg=PA107&printsec=frontcover"><i>Tata Ruang Sungai Aluvial dan Sungai Non-Aluvial CAT dan Non-CAT</i></a>. Penerbit Andi. hlm. 107. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9786230103056" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9786230103056">9786230103056</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tata+Ruang+Sungai+Aluvial+dan+Sungai+Non-Aluvial+CAT+dan+Non-CAT&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Penerbit+Andi&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9786230103056&rft.au=Robert+J.+Kodoatie%2C+Dirmawan%2C+Christine+Mayavani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.id%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FTata_Ruang_Sungai_Aluvial_dan_Sungai_Non%2FfzEhEAAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Did%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3Dtanah%2Bmenjadi%2Blahan%2Buntuk%2Bhidup%2Bdan%2Bbergerak%26pg%3DPA107%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATanah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kurniawan, Aris (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gurupendidikan.co.id/pengertian-tanah/">"Pengertian Tanah Beserta Proses Dan Fungsinya"</a>. <i>gurupendidikan.co.id</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gurupendidikan.co.id&rft.atitle=Pengertian+Tanah+Beserta+Proses+Dan+Fungsinya&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Kurniawan&rft.aufirst=Aris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gurupendidikan.co.id%2Fpengertian-tanah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATanah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Susanto, Heru (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Bijak_Meminjam_dan_Menggunakan_Uang_Bank/t4ZKDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA258&printsec=frontcover"><i>Bijak Meminjam dan Menggunakan Uang Bank</i></a>. Elex Media Komputindo. hlm. 259. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9786020220949" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9786020220949">9786020220949</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bijak+Meminjam+dan+Menggunakan+Uang+Bank&rft.pages=259&rft.pub=Elex+Media+Komputindo&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9786020220949&rft.aulast=Susanto&rft.aufirst=Heru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.id%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FBijak_Meminjam_dan_Menggunakan_Uang_Bank%2Ft4ZKDwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26pg%3DPA258%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATanah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Olilingo, Fachrudin Zain (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Potensi_Investasi_di_Provinsi_Gorontalo/f8hEDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Berdasarkan+dinamika+kelima+faktor+tersebut+terbentuklah+berbagai+jenis+tanah+dan+dapat+dilakukan+klasifikasi+tanah.&pg=PA102&printsec=frontcover"><i>Potensi Investasi di Provinsi Gorontalo</i></a>. Deepublish. hlm. 102. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9786024535476" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9786024535476">9786024535476</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Potensi+Investasi+di+Provinsi+Gorontalo&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Deepublish&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9786024535476&rft.aulast=Olilingo&rft.aufirst=Fachrudin+Zain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.id%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FPotensi_Investasi_di_Provinsi_Gorontalo%2Ff8hEDwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3DBerdasarkan%2Bdinamika%2Bkelima%2Bfaktor%2Btersebut%2Bterbentuklah%2Bberbagai%2Bjenis%2Btanah%2Bdan%2Bdapat%2Bdilakukan%2Bklasifikasi%2Btanah.%26pg%3DPA102%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATanah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">"Mulyadi" (2019). <i>etnografi pembangunan papua</i>. Sleman: deepublish. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-623-209-898-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-623-209-898-5">978-623-209-898-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=etnografi+pembangunan+papua&rft.place=Sleman&rft.pub=deepublish&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-623-209-898-5&rft.au=%22Mulyadi%22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATanah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071027060221/http://soils.usda.gov/education/resources/k_12/lessons/color/">"The Color of Soil"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service (halaman belum tersedia)">Natural Resources Conservation Service</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soils.usda.gov/education/resources/k_12/lessons/color/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2007-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Color+of+Soil&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture+-+Natural+Resources+Conservation+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsoils.usda.gov%2Feducation%2Fresources%2Fk_12%2Flessons%2Fcolor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATanah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Wulandari, Trisna (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.detik.com/edu/detikpedia/d-5728895/4-dampak-alih-fungsi-lahan-pertanian-menjadi-permukiman">"4 Dampak Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian Menjadi Permukiman"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Detik.com" title="Detik.com">detikcom</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=detikcom&rft.atitle=4+Dampak+Alih+Fungsi+Lahan+Pertanian+Menjadi+Permukiman&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Wulandari&rft.aufirst=Trisna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.detik.com%2Fedu%2Fdetikpedia%2Fd-5728895%2F4-dampak-alih-fungsi-lahan-pertanian-menjadi-permukiman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATanah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bahan_bacaan_terkait">Bahan bacaan terkait</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Bahan bacaan terkait" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bahan bacaan terkait"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soil-net.com/">Soil-Net.com</a> A free schools-age educational site teaching about soil and its importance.</li> <li>Adams, J.A. 1986. <i>Dirt</i>. College Station, Texas: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_A%26M_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texas A&M University Press (halaman belum tersedia)">Texas A&M University Press</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0890963010" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-89096-301-0</a></li> <li>Certini, G., Scalenghe, R., 2006. Soils: Basic concepts and future challenges. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge UK.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_R._Montgomery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David R. Montgomery (halaman belum tersedia)">David R. Montgomery</a>, <i>Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations</i>, <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780520258068" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-520-25806-8</a></li> <li>Faulkner, Edward H. Plowman's Folly. New York, Grosset & Dunlap. 1943. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0933280513" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-933280-51-3</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landis.org.uk/soilscapes/">LandIS Free Soilscapes Viewer</a> Free interactive viewer for the Soils of England and Wales</li> <li>Geo-technological Research Paper, IIT Kanpur, Dr P P Vitkar - Strip footing on weak clay stabilized with a granular pile <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?journal=cgj&volume=15&year=1978&issue=4&msno=t78-066&calyLang=eng">National Research Council Canada: From Discovery to Innovation / Conseil national de recherches Canada: de la découverte à l'innovation</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak October 2013">pranala nonaktif</span></a></i>]</span></sup> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span>, <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Prancis" lang="Prancis">(Prancis)</span></li> <li>Jenny, Hans, Factors of Soil Formation: A System of Quantitative Pedology 1941 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.soilandhealth.org/01aglibrary/010159.Jenny.pdf">http://www.soilandhealth.org/01aglibrary/010159.Jenny.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130225050838/http://soilandhealth.org/01aglibrary/010159.Jenny.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> 2013-02-25 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Logan, W. B., Dirt: The ecstatic skin of the earth. 1995 <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1573220043" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-57322-004-3</a></li> <li>Mann, Charles C.: " Our good earth" <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Magazine">National Geographic Magazine</a> September 2008</li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080624040143/http://www.mvm.usace.army.mil/Readiness/97flood/flood.htm">"97 Flood"</a>. USGS. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mvm.usace.army.mil/Readiness/97flood/flood.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2008-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=97+Flood&rft.pub=USGS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mvm.usace.army.mil%2FReadiness%2F97flood%2Fflood.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATanah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Photographs of sand boils.</li> <li>Soil Survey Division Staff. (1999) <i>Soil survey manual</i>. Soil Conservation Service. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a> Handbook 18.</li> <li>Soil Survey Staff. (1975) <i>Soil Taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys.</i> USDA-SCS Agric. Handb. 436. <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Government_Printing_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Government Printing Office (halaman belum tersedia)">United States Government Printing Office</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington,_DC.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washington, DC. (halaman belum tersedia)">Washington, DC.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forages.oregonstate.edu/is/ssis/main.cfm?PageID=3">Soils</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060828063956/http://forages.oregonstate.edu/is/ssis/main.cfm?PageID=3">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-08-28 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon State University">Oregon State University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec1/Lec1.html">Why Study Soils?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180209052922/http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec1/Lec1.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2018-02-09 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/tropical/lecture_06/chapter_12l_R.html">Soil notes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050317030248/http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/tropical/lecture_06/chapter_12l_R.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2005-03-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landis.org.uk/">LandIS Soils Data for England and Wales</a> a pay source for GIS data on the soils of England and Wales and soils data source; they charge a handling fee to researchers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/">World Reference Base for Soil Resources</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isric.org/">ISRIC - World Soil Information (ICSU World Data Centre for Soils)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isric.org/services/Library-and-map-collection/">World Soil Library and Maps</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010155243/http://www.isric.org/services/Library-and-map-collection">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-10-10 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wossac.com/">Wossac the world soil survey archive and catalogue</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soils.org/">Soil Science Society of America</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/HomePage.htm">USDA-NRCS Web Soil Survey</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/">European Soil Portal</a> (wiki)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/sas/nsri">National Soil Resources Institute UK</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://passel.unl.edu/">Plant and Soil Sciences eLibrary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.percolationtest.com/">Percolation Test</a> Learn about Soil, Percolation, Perc and Perk Tests.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.energybulletin.net/52788">Peak Soil</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101122094056/http://energybulletin.net/52788">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-11-22 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.waterlog.info/pdf/balances.pdf">[1]</a> Salt and water balance of the soil</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://science-in-farming.library4farming.org/">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131125023225/http://science-in-farming.library4farming.org/">Diarsipkan</a> 2013-11-25 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Many agricultural resources including a copy of the reference 'Soil: the 1957 yearbook of agriculture'</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25847331">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rekayasa_geoteknik" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Rekayasa_geoteknik" title="Templat:Rekayasa geoteknik"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Rekayasa_geoteknik" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Rekayasa geoteknik"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Rekayasa_geoteknik&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rekayasa_geoteknik" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rekayasa_geoteknik" title="Rekayasa geoteknik">Rekayasa geoteknik</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekayasa_geoteknik_lepas_pantai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rekayasa geoteknik lepas pantai (halaman belum tersedia)">Rekayasa geoteknik lepas pantai</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyelidikan_geoteknik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyelidikan geoteknik (halaman belum tersedia)">Penyelidikan</a> dan<br />instrumentasi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em;font-weight: normal;">Lapangan (<i>in situ</i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width:33em;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Core_sample.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Core_sample.svg/20px-Core_sample.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Core_sample.svg/30px-Core_sample.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Core_sample.svg/40px-Core_sample.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pengeboran_inti" title="Pengeboran inti">Pengeboran inti</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Cone_penetration_test.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Cone_penetration_test.svg/20px-Cone_penetration_test.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Cone_penetration_test.svg/30px-Cone_penetration_test.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Cone_penetration_test.svg/40px-Cone_penetration_test.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pengujian_penetrasi_kerucut" title="Pengujian penetrasi kerucut">Pengujian penetrasi kerucut</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Geo-electrical_sounding.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Geo-electrical_sounding.svg/20px-Geo-electrical_sounding.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Geo-electrical_sounding.svg/30px-Geo-electrical_sounding.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Geo-electrical_sounding.svg/40px-Geo-electrical_sounding.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendugaan_geo-elektrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendugaan geo-elektrik (halaman belum tersedia)">Pendugaan geo-elektrik</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:In_situ_permeameter_test.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/In_situ_permeameter_test.svg/20px-In_situ_permeameter_test.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/In_situ_permeameter_test.svg/30px-In_situ_permeameter_test.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/In_situ_permeameter_test.svg/40px-In_situ_permeameter_test.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Permeabilitas" title="Permeabilitas">Pengujian permeabilitas</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Load_test.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Load_test.svg/20px-Load_test.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Load_test.svg/30px-Load_test.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Load_test.svg/40px-Load_test.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengujian_beban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengujian beban (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengujian beban</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengujian_beban_statis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengujian beban statis (halaman belum tersedia)">Statis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengujian_beban_dinamis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengujian beban dinamis (halaman belum tersedia)">Dinamis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengujian_beban_statnamik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengujian beban statnamik (halaman belum tersedia)">Statnamik</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pore_pressure_measurement.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pore_pressure_measurement.svg/20px-Pore_pressure_measurement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pore_pressure_measurement.svg/30px-Pore_pressure_measurement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pore_pressure_measurement.svg/40px-Pore_pressure_measurement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> Pengukuran tekanan pori <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piezometer" title="Piezometer">Piezometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumur#Klasifikasi" title="Sumur">Sumur</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ram_sounding.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ram_sounding.svg/20px-Ram_sounding.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ram_sounding.svg/30px-Ram_sounding.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ram_sounding.svg/40px-Ram_sounding.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendugaan_ram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendugaan ram (halaman belum tersedia)">Pendugaan ram</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Rock_control_drilling.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Rock_control_drilling.svg/20px-Rock_control_drilling.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Rock_control_drilling.svg/30px-Rock_control_drilling.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Rock_control_drilling.svg/40px-Rock_control_drilling.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboran_kontrol_batuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboran kontrol batuan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengeboran kontrol batuan</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Rotary_pressure_sounding.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rotary_pressure_sounding.svg/20px-Rotary_pressure_sounding.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rotary_pressure_sounding.svg/30px-Rotary_pressure_sounding.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rotary_pressure_sounding.svg/40px-Rotary_pressure_sounding.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendugaan_tekanan_putar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendugaan tekanan putar (halaman belum tersedia)">Pendugaan tekanan putar</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Rotary_weight_sounding.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Rotary_weight_sounding.svg/20px-Rotary_weight_sounding.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Rotary_weight_sounding.svg/30px-Rotary_weight_sounding.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Rotary_weight_sounding.svg/40px-Rotary_weight_sounding.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendugaan_berat_putar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendugaan berat putar (halaman belum tersedia)">Pendugaan berat putar</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sample_series.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sample_series.svg/20px-Sample_series.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sample_series.svg/30px-Sample_series.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sample_series.svg/40px-Sample_series.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Analisis_tanah#Pengujian_tanah" title="Analisis tanah">Pengurutan sampel</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Screw_plate_test.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Screw_plate_test.svg/20px-Screw_plate_test.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Screw_plate_test.svg/30px-Screw_plate_test.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Screw_plate_test.svg/40px-Screw_plate_test.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengujian_pelat_sekrup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengujian pelat sekrup (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengujian pelat sekrup</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemantauan_deformasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemantauan deformasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemantauan deformasi</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Inclinometer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Inclinometer.svg/20px-Inclinometer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Inclinometer.svg/30px-Inclinometer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Inclinometer.svg/40px-Inclinometer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Inklinometer" title="Inklinometer">Inklinometer</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Settlement_recordings.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Settlement_recordings.svg/20px-Settlement_recordings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Settlement_recordings.svg/30px-Settlement_recordings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Settlement_recordings.svg/40px-Settlement_recordings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsolidasi_tanah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsolidasi tanah (halaman belum tersedia)">Pencatatan konsolidasi</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Shear_vane_test.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Shear_vane_test.svg/20px-Shear_vane_test.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Shear_vane_test.svg/30px-Shear_vane_test.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Shear_vane_test.svg/40px-Shear_vane_test.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengujian_geser_baling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengujian geser baling (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengujian geser baling</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Simple_sounding.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Simple_sounding.svg/20px-Simple_sounding.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Simple_sounding.svg/30px-Simple_sounding.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Simple_sounding.svg/40px-Simple_sounding.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendugaan_sederhana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendugaan sederhana (halaman belum tersedia)">Pendugaan sederhana</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Standard_penetration_test.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Standard_penetration_test.svg/20px-Standard_penetration_test.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Standard_penetration_test.svg/30px-Standard_penetration_test.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Standard_penetration_test.svg/40px-Standard_penetration_test.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengujian_penetrasi_standar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengujian penetrasi standar (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengujian penetrasi standar</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Total_sounding.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Total_sounding.svg/20px-Total_sounding.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Total_sounding.svg/30px-Total_sounding.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Total_sounding.svg/40px-Total_sounding.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendugaan_total&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendugaan total (halaman belum tersedia)">Pendugaan total</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Trial_pit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Trial_pit.svg/20px-Trial_pit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Trial_pit.svg/30px-Trial_pit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Trial_pit.svg/40px-Trial_pit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parit_uji_coba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parit uji coba (halaman belum tersedia)">Parit uji coba</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Visible_rock.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Visible_rock.svg/20px-Visible_rock.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Visible_rock.svg/30px-Visible_rock.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Visible_rock.svg/40px-Visible_rock.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Batuan_dasar" title="Batuan dasar">Batuan dasar terlihat</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Densometer_nuklir" class="mw-redirect" title="Densometer nuklir">Pengujian densometer nuklir</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eksplorasi_geofisika" title="Eksplorasi geofisika">Eksplorasi geofisika</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pencatatan_sonik_antarlubang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pencatatan sonik antarlubang (halaman belum tersedia)">Pencatatan sonik antarlubang</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengujian_keutuhan_tiang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengujian keutuhan tiang (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengujian keutuhan tiang</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analisis_persamaan_gelombang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analisis persamaan gelombang (halaman belum tersedia)">Analisis persamaan gelombang</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Analisis_tanah" title="Analisis tanah">Pengujian laboratorium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Klasifikasi_tanah" title="Klasifikasi tanah">Klasifikasi tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas_Atterberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batas Atterberg (halaman belum tersedia)">Batas Atterberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rasio_daya_dukung_California&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasio daya dukung California (halaman belum tersedia)">Rasio daya dukung California</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengujian_geser_langsung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengujian geser langsung (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengujian geser langsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrometer" title="Hidrometer">Hidrometer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengujian_pemadatan_Proctor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengujian pemadatan Proctor (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengujian pemadatan Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilai-R_(tanah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nilai-R (tanah) (halaman belum tersedia)">Nilai-R</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analisis_saringan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analisis saringan (halaman belum tersedia)">Analisis saringan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengujian_geser_triaksial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengujian geser triaksial (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengujian geser triaksial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengujian_oedometer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengujian oedometer (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengujian oedometer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konduktivitas_hidrolik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konduktivitas hidrolik (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengujian konduktivitas hidrolik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadar_air#Pengukuran" title="Kadar air">Pengujian kadar air</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tanah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em;font-weight: normal;">Jenis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanah_liat" title="Tanah liat">Lempung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanau" title="Lanau">Lanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasir" title="Pasir">Pasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerikil" title="Kerikil">Kerikil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambut" title="Gambut">Gambut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geluh" title="Geluh">Geluh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">Loess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em;font-weight: normal;">Sifat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konduktivitas_hidrolik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konduktivitas hidrolik (halaman belum tersedia)">Konduktivitas hidrolik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadar_air" title="Kadar air">Kadar air</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rasio_kosong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasio kosong (halaman belum tersedia)">Rasio kosong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massa_jenis_ruah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massa jenis ruah (halaman belum tersedia)">Massa jenis ruah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiksotropi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiksotropi (halaman belum tersedia)">Tiksotropi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dilatansi_Reynolds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dilatansi Reynolds (halaman belum tersedia)">Dilatansi Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudut_tenang" title="Sudut tenang">Sudut tenang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friksi#Sudut_friksi" class="mw-redirect" title="Friksi">Sudut geser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohesi_(geologi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kohesi (geologi) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kohesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porositas" title="Porositas">Porositas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permeabilitas" title="Permeabilitas">Permeabilitas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simpanan_jenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simpanan jenis (halaman belum tersedia)">Simpanan jenis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuat_geser_(tanah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuat geser (tanah) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kuat geser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Likuefaksi_tanah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Likuefaksi tanah (halaman belum tersedia)">Sensitivitas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Struktur (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaksi_struktur_tanah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interaksi struktur tanah (halaman belum tersedia)">Interaksi</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em;font-weight: normal;">Fitur alami</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Topografi" title="Topografi">Topografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetasi" title="Vegetasi">Vegetasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permukaan_tanah" title="Permukaan tanah">Relief</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah_atas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanah atas (halaman belum tersedia)">Tanah atas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muka_air_tanah" title="Muka air tanah">Muka air tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batuan_dasar" title="Batuan dasar">Batuan dasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanah_dasar" title="Tanah dasar">Tanah dasar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah_bawah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanah bawah (halaman belum tersedia)">Tanah bawah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pengerjaan_tanah" title="Pengerjaan tanah">Pengerjaan tanah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Struktur penopang <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dinding_penahan_tanah" title="Dinding penahan tanah">Dinding penahan tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabion (halaman belum tersedia)">Gabion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembekuan_tanah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembekuan tanah (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembekuan tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah_distabilkan_secara_mekanis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanah distabilkan secara mekanis (halaman belum tersedia)">Tanah distabilkan secara mekanis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyuntikan_bertekanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyuntikan bertekanan (halaman belum tersedia)">Penyuntikan bertekanan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinding_lumpur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinding lumpur (halaman belum tersedia)">Dinding lumpur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemakuan_tanah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemakuan tanah (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemakuan tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabel_pengikat_(geoteknik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabel pengikat (geoteknik) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kabel pengikat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengembangan_lahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengembangan lahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengembangan lahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempat_pembuangan_akhir" title="Tempat pembuangan akhir">Tempat pembuangan akhir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penggalian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penggalian (halaman belum tersedia)">Penggalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parit" title="Parit">Parit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanggul_(pekerjaan_tanah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanggul (pekerjaan tanah) (halaman belum tersedia)">Tanggul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemotongan_(pekerjaan_tanah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemotongan (pekerjaan tanah) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemotongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalan_lintas" title="Jalan lintas">Jalan lintas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terasering" class="mw-redirect" title="Terasering">Terasering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terowongan#Gali_dan_tutup" title="Terowongan">Gali dan tutup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gali_uruk" title="Gali uruk">Gali uruk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timbunan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timbunan (halaman belum tersedia)">Timbunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urugan_tanah" class="mw-redirect" title="Urugan tanah">Urugan tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reklamasi_daratan" title="Reklamasi daratan">Reklamasi daratan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubuh_baan" title="Tubuh baan">Tubuh baan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengendalian_erosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengendalian erosi (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengendalian erosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struktur_tanah" title="Struktur tanah">Struktur tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidroton" title="Hidroton">Hidroton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batu_pecah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batu pecah (halaman belum tersedia)">Batu pecah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geosintetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geosintetik (halaman belum tersedia)">Geosintetik</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geotekstil" title="Geotekstil">Geotekstil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomembran" title="Geomembran">Geomembran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geosintetik_penapis_lempung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geosintetik penapis lempung (halaman belum tersedia)">Geosintetik penapis lempung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengekangan_seluler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengekangan seluler (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengekangan seluler</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infiltrasi" title="Infiltrasi">Infiltrasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fondasi_(arsitektur)" title="Fondasi (arsitektur)">Fondasi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fondasi_dangkal" title="Fondasi dangkal">Dangkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondasi_dalam" title="Fondasi dalam">Dalam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_tanah" title="Mekanika tanah">Mekanika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em;font-weight: normal;">Gaya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tegangan_efektif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tegangan efektif (halaman belum tersedia)">Tegangan efektif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekanan_air_pori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekanan air pori (halaman belum tersedia)">Tekanan air pori</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekanan_lateral_tanah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekanan lateral tanah (halaman belum tersedia)">Tekanan lateral tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekanan_timbunan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekanan timbunan (halaman belum tersedia)">Tekanan timbunan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekanan_prakonsolidasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekanan prakonsolidasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Tekanan prakonsolidasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em;font-weight: normal;">Fenomena/masalah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibun_abadi" title="Ibun abadi">Ibun abadi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengangkatan_ibun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengangkatan ibun (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengangkatan ibun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsolidasi_tanah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsolidasi tanah (halaman belum tersedia)">Konsolidasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemadatan_tanah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemadatan tanah (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemadatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gempa_bumi" title="Gempa bumi">Gempa bumi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Respons_spektra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Respons spektra (halaman belum tersedia)">Respons spektra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahaya_seismik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahaya seismik (halaman belum tersedia)">Bahaya seismik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelombang_S" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelombang S">Gelombang geser</a></li></ul></li> <li>Analisis <a href="/wiki/Tanah_longsor" title="Tanah longsor">tanah longsor</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analisis_stabilitas_lereng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analisis stabilitas lereng (halaman belum tersedia)">Analisis stabilitas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitigasi_tanah_longsor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitigasi tanah longsor (halaman belum tersedia)">Mitigasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klasifikasi_tanah_longsor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klasifikasi tanah longsor (halaman belum tersedia)">Klasifikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kriteria_geser_(rekayasa_geoteknik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kriteria geser (rekayasa geoteknik) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kriteria geser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalan#Stabilisasi_pelat" title="Jalan">Stabilisasi pelat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daya_dukung_tanah" title="Daya dukung tanah">Daya dukung tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distribusi_tegangan_dalam_tanah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distribusi tegangan dalam tanah (halaman belum tersedia)">Distribusi tegangan dalam tanah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perangkat_lunak" title="Perangkat lunak">Perangkat lunak analisis numerik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEEP2D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEEP2D (halaman belum tersedia)">SEEP2D</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=STABL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STABL (halaman belum tersedia)">STABL</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SVFlux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SVFlux (halaman belum tersedia)">SVFlux</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SVSlope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SVSlope (halaman belum tersedia)">SVSlope</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UTEXAS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UTEXAS (halaman belum tersedia)">UTEXAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaxis" title="Plaxis">Plaxis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoprofesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoprofesi (halaman belum tersedia)">Bidang terkait</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi">Geologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geokimia" title="Geokimia">Geokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrologi" title="Petrologi">Petrologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekayasa_gempa" title="Rekayasa gempa">Rekayasa gempa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomorfologi" title="Geomorfologi">Geomorfologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_tanah" title="Ilmu tanah">Ilmu tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrologi" title="Hidrologi">Hidrologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrogeologi" title="Hidrogeologi">Hidrogeologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi">Biogeografi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material_bumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Material bumi (halaman belum tersedia)">Material bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi">Arkeologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_pertanian" title="Ilmu pertanian">Ilmu pertanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agrologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agrologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Agrologi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36133#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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