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travels</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: travels"> <meta name="keywords" content="travels"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="travels"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 76</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: travels</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Rail Corridors between Minimal Use of Train and Unsystematic Tightening of Population: A Methodological Essay </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benaiche">A. Benaiche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current situation, the automobile has become the main means of locomotion. It allows traveling long distances, encouraging urban sprawl. To counteract this trend, the train is often proposed as an alternative to the car. Simultaneously, the favoring of urban development around public transport nodes such as railway stations is one of the main issues of the coordination between urban planning and transportation and the keystone of the sustainable urban development implementation. In this context, this paper focuses on the study of the spatial structuring dynamics around the railway. Specifically, it is a question of studying the demographic dynamics in rail corridors of Nantes, Angers and Le Mans (Western France) basing on the radiation of railway stations. Consequently, the methodology is concentrated on the knowledge of demographic weight and gains of these corridors, the index of urban intensity and the mobility behaviors (workers’ travels, scholars' travels, modal practices of travels). The perimeter considered to define the rail corridors includes the communes of urban area which have a railway station and communes with an access time to the railway station is less than fifteen minutes by car (time specified by the Regional Transport Scheme of Travelers). The main tools used are the statistical data from the census of population, the basis of detailed tables and databases on mobility flows. The study reveals that the population is not tightened along rail corridors and train use is minimal despite the presence of a nearby railway station. These results lead to propose guidelines to make the train, a real vector of mobility across the rail corridors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coordination%20between%20urban%20planning%20and%20transportation" title="coordination between urban planning and transportation">coordination between urban planning and transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20corridors" title=" rail corridors"> rail corridors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway%20stations" title=" railway stations"> railway stations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travels" title=" travels"> travels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57170/rail-corridors-between-minimal-use-of-train-and-unsystematic-tightening-of-population-a-methodological-essay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> Effect of Helium and Sulfur Hexafluoride Gas Inhalation on Voice Resonances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pallavi%20Marathe">Pallavi Marathe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Voice is considered to be a unique biometric property of human beings. Unlike other biometric evidence, for example, fingerprints and retina scans, etc., voice can be easily changed or mimicked. The present paper talks about how the inhalation of helium and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas affects the voice formant frequencies that are the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract. Helium gas is low-density gas; hence, the voice travels with a higher speed than that of air. On the other side in SF6 gas voice travels with lower speed than that of air due to its higher density. These results in decreasing the resonant frequencies of voice in helium and increasing in SF6. Results are presented with the help of Praat software, which is used for voice analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voice%20formants" title="voice formants">voice formants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helium" title=" helium"> helium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfur%20hexafluoride" title=" sulfur hexafluoride"> sulfur hexafluoride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20inhalation" title=" gas inhalation"> gas inhalation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115121/effect-of-helium-and-sulfur-hexafluoride-gas-inhalation-on-voice-resonances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> Retrospective Study for Elective Medical Patients Evacuation of Different Diagnoses Requiring Different Approach in Oxygen Usage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Branimir%20Skoric">Branimir Skoric</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past two decades, number of international travels rose significantly in the United Kingdom and Worldwide in the shape of business travels and holiday travels as well. The fact that elderly people travel a lot, more than ever before increased the needs for medical evacuations (repatriations) back home if they fell ill abroad or had any kind of accident. This paper concerns medical evacuations of patients on the way back home to the United Kingdom (United Kingdom Residents) and their specific medical needs during short-haul or long-haul commercial scheduled flight and ground transportation to the final destination regardless whether it was hospital or usual place of residence. Particular medical need during medical evacuations is oxygen supply and it can be supplied via portable oxygen concentrator, pulse flow oxygenator or continuous free flow oxygenator depending on the main diagnosis and patient’s comorbidities. In this retrospective study, patients were divided into two groups. One group was consisted of patients suffering from cardio-respiratory diagnoses as primary illness. Another Group consisted of patients suffering from noncardiac illnesses who have other problems including any kind of physical injury. Needs for oxygen and type of supply were carefully considered in regards of duration of the flight, standard airline cabin pressure and results described in this retrospective study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20flight" title="commercial flight">commercial flight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderly%20travellers" title=" elderly travellers"> elderly travellers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20evacuations" title=" medical evacuations"> medical evacuations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen" title=" oxygen"> oxygen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106638/retrospective-study-for-elective-medical-patients-evacuation-of-different-diagnoses-requiring-different-approach-in-oxygen-usage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Walkability and Urban Centers: The Valuation of Public Open Spaces from a Sustainable Alternative</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ursula%20D%27Almeida">Ursula D'Almeida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danielly%20Aliprandi"> Danielly Aliprandi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A car-based development is observed in our cities, what leads to social and environmental impacts, such as air pollution, excessive noises and the substitution of public open spaces for roads and parking lots. Concerning the efforts to promote a sustainable development, a key issue is the reduction of fossil fuels consumption. An alternative to the pollutant gases emission, especially from urban transportation, is the incentive for active transport. The promoting of non-motorized travels and locomotion ways that only depend on human propulsion meets the sustainable mobility notion. Walking is one of the healthiest, cleanest, most natural and economical means to move around. Also, it integrates part of public transportation travels. Since walking demands physical effort, it is sensitive to environmental conditions. In urban space, not always we come across pedestrian friendly road structures. Based on the theory of walkability, the present paper aims to discuss the walking conditions in city centers by analyzing the distribution of urban services and uses, and this also regarding sidewalks quality. The case study presented is the urban center in the medium-sized Brazilian city Campos dos Goytacazes, in Rio de Janeiro State. The study also brings contributions to the recovering of underused public open spaces, especially by encouraging their use and appropriation through valuing non-motorized travels conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20transport" title="active transport">active transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20center" title=" historical center"> historical center</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20mobility" title=" sustainable mobility"> sustainable mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=walking" title=" walking"> walking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69692/walkability-and-urban-centers-the-valuation-of-public-open-spaces-from-a-sustainable-alternative" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> Religious Tourism the Core Strategy of Shaping Life Style: Evidences from Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Jafari">Mostafa Jafari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Religious tourism is the core strategy of shaping Iranian's life-style. Why and How? This paper answers to this question. Theoretical base: From strategic marketing point of view, Life style is pattern of believes values, interests and acts. Strategy can be defined as a set of continuous important decisions. Here, strategy is making decisions about the target place and vehicle of touristic travel due to reform and redefine the self-identity and shaping life style. Methodology: Target society of this research is the selected residents of three provinces at northwest of Iran. The data collection instrument is interview and questionnaire and the collected data analysis by SEM (structural Equation Modeling) and LISREL software. Results: The primary results show that variety of touristic travels play an important role on shaping new life style of Iranian people. The target places of touristic travel (Europe, USA. Japan and etc.) are at the second priority. The number of foreign friends is at the third position. The fourth criteria are the number of travels. Among all kind of touristic travels the religious tourism from competitive point of view plays the main role. Findings: The geometry of Iranian life style are shaping and reshaping through some domestic and international tourism strategies particular religious strategy. During the dynamic trend of identity redefine, so many Iranians put the quantity and quality of their touristic travel on the first priority. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20tourism" title="religious tourism">religious tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20strategy" title=" core strategy"> core strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shaping%20life%20style" title=" shaping life style"> shaping life style</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11109/religious-tourism-the-core-strategy-of-shaping-life-style-evidences-from-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11109.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Intelligent Algorithm-Based Tool-Path Planning and Optimization for Additive Manufacturing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Efrain%20Rodriguez">Efrain Rodriguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergio%20Pertuz"> Sergio Pertuz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristhian%20Riano"> Cristhian Riano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tool-path generation is an essential step in the FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication)-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) process planning. In the manufacture of a mechanical part by using additive processes, high resource consumption and prolonged production times are inherent drawbacks of these processes mainly due to non-optimized tool-path generation. In this work, we propose a heuristic-search intelligent algorithm-based approach for optimized tool-path generation for FFF-based AM. The main benefit of this approach is a significant reduction of travels without material deposition when the AM machine performs moves without any extrusion. The optimization method used reduces the number of travels without extrusion in comparison with commercial software as Slic3r or Cura Engine, which means a reduction of production time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title="additive manufacturing">additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tool-path%20optimization" title=" tool-path optimization"> tool-path optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fused%20filament%20fabrication" title=" fused filament fabrication"> fused filament fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20planning" title=" process planning"> process planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83494/intelligent-algorithm-based-tool-path-planning-and-optimization-for-additive-manufacturing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Examining the Challenges Faced by Passengers Using Arik Air for International and Domestic Travel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmud%20Hafsat%20Hussaini">Mahmud Hafsat Hussaini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eldah%20Ephraim%20Eldah"> Eldah Ephraim Eldah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bata%20Zoakah%20Amina"> Bata Zoakah Amina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research work was aimed at examining the challenges faced by passengers using Arik air for domestic and international travels. Passengers do complain of delay flights, theft and rude behavior by Arik staff while on transit or in the process of travelling using the aircraft. Being the national carrier in Nigeria these behaviors have tarnished the image of the airline and makes travel experience to be challenging. Hundred survey questionnaires were administered to travellers who have used the airline for domestic and international flights. Findings show that the staff of the airline do lack customer care skills and are sometimes rude to customers. The airline does have different agents that book for international flights who delays confirming bookings even after payment. The website of the airline is mostly down and makes bookings difficult. Other findings related to the study are a delay of domestic flights within Nigeria. Passengers are sometimes kept for 8 hours in the airport due to delay of flights. The study, therefore, recommends that flight schedule should be adhered to and staff should be trained to meet of with passengers demand. The security of guest luggage at the airport should be put in place to avoid theft. An effective booking platform should be accessible to passengers for easy booking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=examining" title="examining">examining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title=" challenges"> challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic" title=" domestic"> domestic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international" title=" international"> international</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travels" title=" travels"> travels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51935/examining-the-challenges-faced-by-passengers-using-arik-air-for-international-and-domestic-travel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Crash Statistics Comparison for Riyadh, Eastern Province, and Qaseem for 2016 and 2017</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20M.%20Al-Ahmadi">Hassan M. Al-Ahmadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fatality index (deaths/100 K population) due to road traffic accidents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is over 25, according to the World Health Organization Statistics (WHO) statistics, which is much higher than in the neighboring Arab regions. The KSA has implemented measures to mitigate traffic accidents by enforcing road safety regulations. As a result, there has been a slight decline in the frequency of road traffic accidents within the Kingdom. This study was based on the variations in the accidents for three provinces of KSA, i.e., Riyadh, Eastern Province (EP), & Qaseem, for 2016 and 2017 using ANOVA method. Data appropriateness for the ANOVA method was confirmed by the normality and the randomness of residuals. Additionally, the half-normal plot was used to identify the significant terms for the ANOVA analysis. The analysis revealed that the accidents in the EP were significantly higher than in the other two provinces during the analysis period. The monthly variation showed a spike in the accidents from month 7th to 9th month in the EP region and a slight drop in the accidents in the Qaseem and the Riyadh region during the same period, which was attributed to the increased leisure travels from the other regions to the EP. Furthermore, most of the accidents were found to occur in the age group of 18+ and 30+, and also the major reduction of accidents in 2017 as compared to 2016 was found to have occurred in the same group. These findings can be beneficial for developing strategies to further reduce the number of accidents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatality%20index" title="fatality index">fatality index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency" title=" emergency"> emergency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20traffic%20accident" title=" road traffic accident"> road traffic accident</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leisure%20travels" title=" leisure travels"> leisure travels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187713/crash-statistics-comparison-for-riyadh-eastern-province-and-qaseem-for-2016-and-2017" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">34</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Spatial Comparative Analysis on Travels of Mackay in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shao-Chi%20Chien">Shao-Chi Chien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Ju%20Chen"> Ying-Ju Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiao-Yu%20Tseng"> Chiao-Yu Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan-Ting%20Lee"> Wan-Ting Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Wen%20Cheng"> Yi-Wen Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dr. George Leslie Mackay arrived at Takoukang (now Port of Kaohsiung) in Taiwan on December 30, 1871. When Dr. Mackay dedicated at Taiwan for 30 years, he has been an important factor in such areas as preaching, medical and engaged in education. Many researchers have thoroughly studied Dr. Mackay's travels to understand his impact on the state of education, medicine and religion in Taiwan. In the 30-year period of hard work, Dr. Mackay's made outstanding influence on the church in Taiwan. Therefore, the present study will be the mission of the establishment of hospitals, schools, churches which preaching, education, and medicine whether there are related the number of comparisons to explore. According to The Diaries of George Leslie Mackay, our research uses the Geographic Information System (GIS) to map the location of Dr. Mackay's travel in Taiwan and compares it with today's local churches, hospitals, and schools whether there are related the number of comparisons to explore. Therefore, our research focuses on the whole of Taiwan, divided into missionary, medical and education as the main content of the three major parts. Additionally, use of point layer, the surface layer of the property table to establish, in-depth mission of Dr. Mackay's development in Taiwan and Today's comparison. The results will be based on the classification of three different colors pictures that the distance of Mackay's contribution of preaching, medicine, and education. Our research will be compared with the current churches, hospitals, schools and the past churches, hospitals, schools. The results of the present study will provide a reference for future research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Leslie%20Mackay" title="George Leslie Mackay">George Leslie Mackay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20information%20system" title=" geographic information system"> geographic information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20distribution" title=" spatial distribution"> spatial distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20categories%20analysis" title=" color categories analysis"> color categories analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67188/spatial-comparative-analysis-on-travels-of-mackay-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Internet as a Marketing Tool for Tourism Promotion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emeka%20Okonkwo">Emeka Okonkwo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Information Technology (IT) has prevailed over all functions of strategic and operational management. The Internet (a product of information technology) has increasingly become a popular medium for marketing. This paper examines the potentials of Internet for tourism marketing. To achieve this, the paper x-rays the characteristics of tourism marketing and examines the application of the Internet in tourism marketing. It is argued that the use of Internet for tourism marketing will not only reach a broad audience and reduce the cost of transaction (by conventional methods used by travel agents in times past), but, will also alleviate the problems of identification, authentication and confirmation of travels/package tours by tourists as well as promotion of tourism industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet" title="internet">internet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20management" title=" tourism management"> tourism management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6055/internet-as-a-marketing-tool-for-tourism-promotion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Chinese Tourists's Behaviors towards Travel and Shopping in Bangkok</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasitorn%20Chetanont">Sasitorn Chetanont</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of this study are to study Chinese tourist’s Behaviors towards travel and shopping in Bangkok. The research methodology was a quantitative research. The sample of this research was 400 Chinese tourists in Bangkok chosen by the accidental sampling and the purposive sampling. Inferential Statistics Analysis by using the Chi-square statistics. As for the results of this study the researcher found that differences between personal, social and cultural information, i.e., gender, age, place of residence, educational level, occupation, income, family, and main objectives of tourism with behaviors of Chinese tourists in Bangkok towards travel and shopping in Bangkok. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourists%E2%80%99%20behavior" title="tourists’ behavior">tourists’ behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20tourists" title=" Chinese tourists"> Chinese tourists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travelling" title=" travelling"> travelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expenses%20in%20travels" title=" expenses in travels"> expenses in travels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27182/chinese-touristss-behaviors-towards-travel-and-shopping-in-bangkok" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">524</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Using GIS and AHP Model to Explore the Parking Problem in Khomeinishahr</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davood%20Vatankhah">Davood Vatankhah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Mokhtari%20Malekabadi"> Reza Mokhtari Malekabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Saghaei"> Mohsen Saghaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Function of urban transportation systems depends on the existence of the required infrastructures, appropriate placement of different components, and the cooperation of these components with each other. Establishing various neighboring parking spaces in city neighborhood in order to prevent long-term and inappropriate parking of cars in the allies is one of the most effective operations in reducing the crowding and density of the neighborhoods. Every place with a certain application attracts a number of daily travels which happen throughout the city. A large percentage of the people visiting these places go to these travels by their own cars; therefore, they need a space to park their cars. The amount of this need depends on the usage function and travel demand of the place. The study aims at investigating the spatial distribution of the public parking spaces, determining the effective factors in locating, and their combination in GIS environment in Khomeinishahr of Isfahan city. Ultimately, the study intends to create an appropriate pattern for locating parking spaces, determining the request for parking spaces of the traffic areas, choosing the proper places for providing the required public parking spaces, and also proposing new spots in order to promote quality and quantity aspects of the city in terms of enjoying public parking spaces. Regarding the method, the study is based on applied purpose and regarding nature, it is analytic-descriptive. The population of the study includes people of the center of Khomeinishahr which is located on Northwest of Isfahan having about 5000 hectares of geographic area and the population of 241318 people are in the center of Komeinishahr. In order to determine the sample size, Cochran formula was used and according to the population of 26483 people of the studied area, 231 questionnaires were used. Data analysis was carried out by usage of SPSS software and after estimating the required space for parking spaces, initially, the effective criteria in locating the public parking spaces are weighted by the usage of Analytic Hierarchical Process in the Arc GIS software. Then, appropriate places for establishing parking spaces were determined by fuzzy method of Order Weighted Average (OWA). The results indicated that locating of parking spaces in Khomeinishahr have not been carried out appropriately and per capita of the parking spaces is not desirable in relation to the population and request; therefore, in addition to the present parking lots, 1434 parking lots are needed in the area of the study for each day; therefore, there is not a logical proportion between parking request and the number of parking lots in Khomeinishahr. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title="GIS">GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locating" title=" locating"> locating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parking" title=" parking"> parking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=khomeinishahr" title=" khomeinishahr "> khomeinishahr </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25857/using-gis-and-ahp-model-to-explore-the-parking-problem-in-khomeinishahr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> The Islamic Grand Tour: The Case of Caravan Hajj Routes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akram%20Atef%20Rawshdeh">Akram Atef Rawshdeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to prove the role of Islamic pilgrimage caravans in formulating the concept of the tourism industry and the concept of Grand Tours before that which was found in Europe in the medieval and modern Ages, through its duration and the number of tourists who participated in it and its role in providing tourism services from the establishment of castles and inns that were built To accommodate pilgrims during their travels from different regions of the Islamic world to the holy places in Saudi Arabia, as well as food and beverage services, transportation and support services like tourist security and tourist guide services. This research will depend on the historical method <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grand%20tour" title="grand tour">grand tour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hajj%20caravan%20routes" title=" hajj caravan routes"> hajj caravan routes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20services" title=" tourism services"> tourism services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156819/the-islamic-grand-tour-the-case-of-caravan-hajj-routes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Optimum Flight Altitude</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Nandu">Ravi Nandu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anmol%20Taploo"> Anmol Taploo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As per current scenario, commercial aircrafts have been very well functioning with higher efficiency, but there is something that affects it. Every aircraft runs with the combustion produced by mixture of fuel and air. For example: A flight to travel from Mumbai to Kolkata it takes 2h: 30 min and from Kolkata to Mumbai it takes 2h: 45 min. It happens due to head and tail wind. Due to head wind air craft travels faster than its usual velocity and it takes 2h: 30 min to reach to Kolkata, while it takes 2h;45min vis versa. This lag in time is caused due to head wind that increases the drag and reduces the relative velocity of the plane. So in order to reduce this wastage of fuel there is an optimal flight altitude at which the head and tail wind action is reduced compared to the present scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag" title="drag">drag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head%20wind" title=" head wind"> head wind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tail%20wind" title=" tail wind"> tail wind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft" title=" aircraft"> aircraft</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16394/optimum-flight-altitude" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> A Preliminary Development of Virtual Sight-Seeing Website for Thai Temples on Rattanakosin Island </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pijitra%20Jomsri">Pijitra Jomsri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, the sources of cultures and tourist attractions are presented in online documentary form only. In order to make them more virtual, the researcher then collected and presented them in the form of Virtual Temple. The prototype, which is a replica of the actual location, was developed to the website and allows people who are interested in Rattanakosin Island can see in form of Panorama Pan View. By this way, anyone can access the data and appreciate the beauty of Rattanakosin Island in the virtual model like the real place. The result from the experiment showed that the levels of the knowledge on Thai temples in Rattanakosin Island increased; moreover, the users were highly satisfied with the systems. It can be concluded that virtual temples can support to publicize Thai arts, cultures and travels, as well as it can be utilized effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20sight-seeing" title="virtual sight-seeing">virtual sight-seeing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rattanakosin%20Island" title=" Rattanakosin Island"> Rattanakosin Island</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20temples" title=" Thai temples"> Thai temples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20temple" title=" virtual temple "> virtual temple </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1402/a-preliminary-development-of-virtual-sight-seeing-website-for-thai-temples-on-rattanakosin-island" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1402.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> We Wonder If They Mind: An Empirical Inquiry into the Narratological Function of Mind Wandering in Readers of Literary Texts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tina%20Ternes">Tina Ternes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florian%20Kleinau"> Florian Kleinau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigates the content and triggers of mind wandering (MW) in readers of fictional texts. It asks whether readers’ MW is productive (text-related) or unproductive (text-unrelated). Methodologically, it bridges the gap between narratological and data-driven approaches by utilizing a sentence-by-sentence self-paced reading paradigm combined with thought probes in the reading of an excerpt of A. L. Kennedy’s “Baby Blue”. Results show that the contents of MW can be linked to text properties. We validated the role of self-reference in MW and found prediction errors to be triggers of MW. Results also indicate that the content of MW often travels along the lines of the text at hand and can thus be viewed as productive and integral to interpretation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narratology" title="narratology">narratology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mind%20wandering" title=" mind wandering"> mind wandering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reading%20fiction" title=" reading fiction"> reading fiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta%20cognition" title=" meta cognition"> meta cognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156203/we-wonder-if-they-mind-an-empirical-inquiry-into-the-narratological-function-of-mind-wandering-in-readers-of-literary-texts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Science Explorer Modules as a Communication Approach to Encourage High School Students to Pursue Science Careers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Ivan%20Roblas">Mark Ivan Roblas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Science Explorer is a mobile learning science facility in the Philippines. It is a bus that travels to different provinces in the country bringing interactive science modules facilitated by scientists from the industry and academe. The project aims to entice students to get into careers in science through interactive science modules and interaction with real-life scientists. This article looks into the effectiveness of its modules as a communication source and message to encourage high school students to get into careers in the future. The study revealed that as the Science Explorer modules are able to retain students to stay in science careers of their choice and even convert some to choose from non-science to a science degree, it still lacks in penetrating the belief system of the students and influencing them to take a scientific career path. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal%20science" title="informal science">informal science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20science" title=" mobile science"> mobile science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20careers" title=" science careers"> science careers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20education" title=" science education"> science education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89161/science-explorer-modules-as-a-communication-approach-to-encourage-high-school-students-to-pursue-science-careers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Secure Proxy Signature Based on Factoring and Discrete Logarithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20El-Kamchouchi">H. El-Kamchouchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Gaber"> Heba Gaber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Ahmed"> Fatma Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20H.%20El-Kamchouchi"> Dalia H. El-Kamchouchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A digital signature is an electronic signature form used by an original signer to sign a specific document. When the original signer is not in his office or when he/she travels outside, he/she delegates his signing capability to a proxy signer and then the proxy signer generates a signing message on behalf of the original signer. The two parties must be able to authenticate one another and agree on a secret encryption key, in order to communicate securely over an unreliable public network. Authenticated key agreement protocols have an important role in building a secure communications network between the two parties. In this paper, we present a secure proxy signature scheme over an efficient and secure authenticated key agreement protocol based on factoring and discrete logarithm problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20logarithm" title="discrete logarithm">discrete logarithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factoring" title=" factoring"> factoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proxy%20signature" title=" proxy signature"> proxy signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key%20agreement" title=" key agreement"> key agreement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51597/secure-proxy-signature-based-on-factoring-and-discrete-logarithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Optimal Location of the I/O Point in the Parking System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Zhang">Jing Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Chen"> Jie Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we deal with the optimal I/O point location in an automated parking system. In this system, the S/R machine (storage and retrieve machine) travels independently in vertical and horizontal directions. Based on the characteristics of the parking system and the basic principle of AS/RS system (Automated Storage and Retrieval System), we obtain the continuous model in units of time. For the single command cycle using the randomized storage policy, we calculate the probability density function for the system travel time and thus we develop the travel time model. And we confirm that the travel time model shows a good performance by comparing with discrete case. Finally in this part, we establish the optimal model by minimizing the expected travel time model and it is shown that the optimal location of the I/O point is located at the middle of the left-hand above corner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parking%20system" title="parking system">parking system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20location" title=" optimal location"> optimal location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20time" title=" response time"> response time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%2FR%20machine" title=" S/R machine"> S/R machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73138/optimal-location-of-the-io-point-in-the-parking-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Development of Orbital TIG Welding Robot System for the Pipe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongho%20Kim">Dongho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Choi"> Sung Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyowoong%20Pee"> Kyowoong Pee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youngsik%20Cho"> Youngsik Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seungwoo%20Jeong"> Seungwoo Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soo-Ho%20Kim"> Soo-Ho Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is about the orbital TIG welding robot system which travels on the guide rail installed on the pipe, and welds and tracks the pipe seam using the LVS (Laser Vision Sensor) joint profile data. The orbital welding robot system consists of the robot, welder, controller, and LVS. Moreover we can define the relationship between welding travel speed and wire feed speed, and we can make the linear equation using the maximum and minimum amount of weld metal. Using the linear equation we can determine the welding travel speed and the wire feed speed accurately corresponding to the area of weld captured by LVS. We applied this orbital TIG welding robot system to the stainless steel or duplex pipe on DSME (Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co. Ltd.,) shipyard and the result of radiographic test is almost perfect. (Defect rate: 0.033%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20welding" title="adaptive welding">adaptive welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20welding" title=" automatic welding"> automatic welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20welding" title=" pipe welding"> pipe welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orbital%20welding" title=" orbital welding"> orbital welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20vision%20sensor" title=" laser vision sensor"> laser vision sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LVS" title=" LVS"> LVS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welding%20D%2FB" title=" welding D/B "> welding D/B </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1631/development-of-orbital-tig-welding-robot-system-for-the-pipe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1631.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">688</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Melancholia, Nostalgia: Bernardo Soares after Fernando Pessoa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20de%20F%C3%A1tima%20Lambert">Maria de Fátima Lambert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bernardo Soares is one of Fernando Pessoa' several heteronyms (and "half-heteronyms"). Perhaps the one that brought together the majority of his qualities and characters of self-identity within the famous inner-persona-alter-diversity. The Book of Disquiet by Bernardo Soares was released in 1983, consisting of ontological remarks caught by an obsessive inquiring about self-existence. The book became a highly valuable substance when focusing upon the philosophical grounds of Pessoa's aesthetics. For sure, we cannot consider a single aesthetic, admitting that each heteronym has its own particular one, developed after different principles and convictions. Regarding Bernardo Soares, his thought arises from sequenced self-clues expressing peculiar existential doubtless presented as certainties -and vice-versa. His written self-search-images are reported, molding the painful awareness of existence through the discredited tolerance of any conclusive dialogue with others. Given the nature of Soares’ [maybe] unfinished writings, it is obvious that he headed far from his self-insurance-capsule: the office, bedroom, or even the walkscapes through Lisbon. The idea of travel/journey is one of the most relevant when recognizing his profound - although undercover - anguish as melancholy and nostalgia. In Bernardo Soares, Aesthetics is taken agonizingly, grounded upon discreet poetic phraseology and terms. His poetical awareness developed compulsive titles such "Aesthetics of Indifference", "Aesthetics of Discouragement". Soares' Aesthetics emerges directly from oneself, understanding art as inner acts and living experienced issues. Art is not freed from the intellectual expression of oneself emotions. The Disquiet Book is an existential nightmare nourished by everyday life, single written thoughts, balanced by melancholia, nostalgia, and distress. One might wonder if it was dreams that guided his fictional literary persona or the narrow facts of life itself. Along with his endless disquiet writing, Pessoa’s semi-heteronymous traveled without physically going anywhere. The complexity of inner existence is fulfilled by lonely mental walks and travels, as in two texts titled The Never Accomplished Journey. Although we also can consider other fragments, these are the deepest reflections about travelling. Let’s recall that Fernando Pessoa’s ortonyms writings -poems and essays- also addressed this issue from a philosophical perspective. We believe that this theme is one of the meaningful concepts for featuring the main principles of his aesthetics. As we know, Fernando Pessoa did not travel to foreign countries (or in Portugal), except for the journey, with his family, from Lisbon to South Africa (as a child) and, some years later, the return back to Lisbon. One may wonder why the poet never undertook other journeys. Maybe due to a disbelief in moving away from his comfort zone or due to the fear of becoming addicted to endless travels and the loss of his convenient self-closeness. In The Book of Disquiet, the poet shared his internal visions of the outer world but mainly visualizing his deepest enigmas and experiences -so strongly incorporated into reality and fiction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aesthetic%20principles" title="aesthetic principles">aesthetic principles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernardo%20Soares" title=" Bernardo Soares"> Bernardo Soares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20Pessoa" title=" Fernando Pessoa "> Fernando Pessoa </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melancholia" title=" melancholia"> melancholia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nostalgia" title=" nostalgia"> nostalgia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-accomplished%20travel" title=" non-accomplished travel"> non-accomplished travel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=The%20Book%20of%20Disquiet" title=" The Book of Disquiet"> The Book of Disquiet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138528/melancholia-nostalgia-bernardo-soares-after-fernando-pessoa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Bringing Ethics to a Violent System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeynep%20Selin%20Acar">Zeynep Selin Acar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In international system, there has always been a cycle of violence, war and peace. As there travels the time, after Christianity and later Just War theorists, international relations theorists have been tried to limit violence and war. As pieces of international law, Peace of Augsburg, Kellog-Briand Pact, League of Nations Covenant and UN Charter were and are still not effective to prevent war. Moreover, in order to find a way around these rules, it is believed that a new excuse started to be used instead of violence or war, humanitarian intervention. However, it has neither a legal nor a universally accepted framework. As a result, it is open to be manipulated by states. In order to prevent this, Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) which gives a state the responsibility to protect its citizens against violence, is created. Additionally, RtoP transfers this responsibility to regional or international group of states at the time when a state is the origin of violence. In the lights of these, this paper analyzes RtoP as an ethical approach to war and peace studies because it provides other states as guardians and care-takers of people who do not belong to them or do not share any togetherness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics" title="ethics">ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humanitarian%20intervention" title=" humanitarian intervention"> humanitarian intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=responsibility%20to%20protect" title=" responsibility to protect"> responsibility to protect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UN%20charter" title=" UN charter"> UN charter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47403/bringing-ethics-to-a-violent-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Development of a Weed Suppression Robot for Rice Cultivation Weed Suppression and Posture Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shohei%20Nakai">Shohei Nakai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasuhiro%20Yamada"> Yasuhiro Yamada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Weed suppression and weeding are necessary measures for rice cultivation. Weed suppression precedes the process of weeding. It means suppressing the growth of young weeds and creating a weed-less environment. If we suppress the growth of weeds, we can reduce the number of weeds in a paddy field. This would result in a reduction of the weeding work load. In this paper, we will show how we developed a weed suppression robot for the purpose of reducing the weeding work load. The robot has a laser range finder for autonomous mobility and a robot arm for weed suppression. It travels along the rice rows without stepping on and injuring the rice plants in a paddy field. The robot arm applies force to the weed seedlings and thereby suppresses the growth of weeds. This paper will explain the methodology of the autonomous mobile, the experiment in weed suppression, and the method of controlling the robot’s posture on uneven ground. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20robot" title="mobile robot">mobile robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paddy%20field" title=" paddy field"> paddy field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot%20arm" title=" robot arm"> robot arm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weed" title=" weed"> weed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18414/development-of-a-weed-suppression-robot-for-rice-cultivation-weed-suppression-and-posture-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Is Brain Death Reversal Possible in Near Future: Intrathecal Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) Superfusion in Brain Death Patients=The 10,000 Fold Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20Kumar%20Tewari">Vinod Kumar Tewari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazhar%20Husain"> Mazhar Husain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hari%20Kishan%20Das%20Gupta"> Hari Kishan Das Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Primary or secondary brain death is also accompanied with vasospasm of the perforators other than tissue disruption & further exaggerates the anoxic damage, in the form of neuropraxia. In normal conditions the excitatory impulse propagates as anterograde neurotransmission (ANT) and at the level of synapse, glutamate activates NMDA receptors on postsynaptic membrane. Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by Nitric oxide Synthetase (NOS) in postsynaptic dendride or cell body and travels backwards across a chemical synapse to bind to the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron for regulation of ANT this process is called as the retrograde neurotransmission (RNT). Thus the primary function of NO is RNT and the purpose of RNT is regulation of chemical neurotransmission at synapse. For this reason, RNT allows neural circuits to create feedback loops. The haem is the ligand binding site of NO receptor (sGC) at presynaptic membrane. The affinity of haem exhibits > 10,000-fold excess for NO than Oxygen (THE 10,000 FOLD EFFECT). In pathological conditions ANT, normal synaptic activity including RNT is absent. NO donors like sodium nitroprusside (SNP) releases NO by activating NOS at the level of postsynaptic area. NO now travels backwards across a chemical synapse to bind to the haem of NO receptor at axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron as in normal condition. NO now acts as impulse generator (at presynaptic membrane) thus bypasses the normal ANT. Also the arteriolar perforators are having Nitric Oxide Synthetase (NOS) at the adventitial side (outer border) on which sodium nitroprusside (SNP) acts; causing release of Nitric Oxide (NO) which vasodilates the perforators causing gush of blood in brain’s tissue and reversal of brain death. Objective: In brain death cases we only think for various transplantations but this study being a pilot study reverses some criteria of brain death by vasodilating the arteriolar perforators. To study the effect of intrathecal sodium nitroprusside (IT SNP) in cases of brain death in which: 1. Retrograde transmission = assessed by the hyperacute timings of reversal 2. The arteriolar perforator vasodilatation caused by NO and the maintenance of reversal of brain death reversal. Methods: 35 year old male, who became brain death after head injury and has not shown any signs of improvement after every maneuver for 6 hours, a single superfusion done by SNP via transoptic canal route for quadrigeminal cistern and cisternal puncture for IV ventricular with SNP done. Results: He showed spontaneous respiration (7 bouts) with TCD studies showing start of pulsations of various branches of common carotid arteries. Conclusions: In future we can give this SNP via transoptic canal route and in IV ventricle before declaring the body to be utilized for transplantations or dead or in broader way we can say that in near future it is possible to revert back from brain death or we have to modify our criterion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20death" title="brain death">brain death</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrathecal%20sodium%20nitroprusside" title=" intrathecal sodium nitroprusside"> intrathecal sodium nitroprusside</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TCD%20studies" title=" TCD studies"> TCD studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforators" title=" perforators"> perforators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vasodilatations" title=" vasodilatations"> vasodilatations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retrograde%20transmission" title=" retrograde transmission"> retrograde transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=10" title=" 10"> 10</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=000%20fold%20effect" title="000 fold effect">000 fold effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13410/is-brain-death-reversal-possible-in-near-future-intrathecal-sodium-nitroprusside-snp-superfusion-in-brain-death-patientsthe-10000-fold-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> The Structure of Asadi's Poem and Human Psyche in Garshasb-Nameh Based on Jung's Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shirin%20Ghasemi">Shirin Ghasemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The structure of Asadi’s poem in Garshasb-Nameh coordinates with the structure of human psyche based on Jung’s perspective. The poetic stories of Asadi in Garshasb-Nameh is contrasted to human psyche according to Jung’s view in psychology which indicated the similarity of poetic structure of stories of Garshasb-Nameh to analytical psychology of Jung. In fact, by studying the stories of this collection the reader travels with him and finds it consistent with the human psyche. To demonstrate this, the story of Jamshid marriage with Kuhrang’s daughter and the story of Garshasb marriage with King’s daughter are selected. These two stories illustrate the poetic structure and the human psyche based on Jung’s analytical psychology perspective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asadi%20Tusi" title="Asadi Tusi">Asadi Tusi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garshasb-Nameh" title=" Garshasb-Nameh"> Garshasb-Nameh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung" title=" Jung"> Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20psychology" title=" analytical psychology"> analytical psychology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36033/the-structure-of-asadis-poem-and-human-psyche-in-garshasb-nameh-based-on-jungs-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Simple Multipath Compensation for Frequency Modulated Signals: A Case of Radio Frequency vs. Quadrature Baseband</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lusungu%20Ndovi">Lusungu Ndovi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radio propagation from point-to-point is affected by the physical channel in many ways. A signal arriving at a destination travels through a number of different paths which are referred to as multi-paths. Research in this area of wireless communications has progressed well over the years with the research taking different angles of focus. By this is meant that some researchers focus on ways of reducing or eluding Multipath effects whilst others focus on ways of mitigating the effects of Multipath through compensation schemes. Baseband processing is seen as one field of signal processing that is cardinal to the advancement of software-defined radio technology. This has led to wide research into the carrying out certain algorithms at baseband. This paper considers compensating for Multipath for Frequency Modulated signals. The compensation process is carried out at Radio frequency (RF) and at Quadrature baseband (QBB) and the results are compared. Simulations are carried out using MatLab so as to show the benefits of working at lower QBB frequencies than at RF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrature%20baseband" title="quadrature baseband">quadrature baseband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qadio%20frequency" title=" qadio frequency"> qadio frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qultipath%20compensation" title=" qultipath compensation"> qultipath compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20qodulation" title=" frequency qodulation"> frequency qodulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20processing" title=" signal processing"> signal processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28979/simple-multipath-compensation-for-frequency-modulated-signals-a-case-of-radio-frequency-vs-quadrature-baseband" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> The 10,000 Fold Effect of Retrograde Neurotransmission, a New Concept for Stroke Revival: Use of Intracarotid Sodium Nitroprusside </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20Kumar">Vinod Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) showed a level 1 benefit in acute stroke (within 3-6 hrs). Intracarotid sodium nitroprusside (ICSNP) has been studied in this context with a wide treatment window, fast recovery and affordability. This work proposes two mechanisms for acute cases and one mechanism for chronic cases, which are interrelated, for physiological recovery. a)Retrograde Neurotransmission (acute cases): 1)Normal excitatory impulse: at the synaptic level, glutamate activates NMDA receptors, with nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) on the postsynaptic membrane, for further propagation by the calcium-calmodulin complex. Nitric oxide (NO, produced by NOS) travels backward across the chemical synapse and binds the axon-terminal NO receptor/sGC of a presynaptic neuron, regulating anterograde neurotransmission (ANT) via retrograde neurotransmission (RNT). Heme is the ligand-binding site of the NO receptor/sGC. Heme exhibits > 10,000-fold higher affinity for NO than for oxygen (the 10,000-fold effect) and is completed in 20 msec. 2)Pathological conditions: normal synaptic activity, including both ANT and RNT, is absent. A NO donor (SNP) releases NO from NOS in the postsynaptic region. NO travels backward across a chemical synapse to bind to the heme of a NO receptor in the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron, generating an impulse, as under normal conditions. b)Vasospasm: (acute cases) Perforators show vasospastic activity. NO vasodilates the perforators via the NO-cAMP pathway. c)Long-Term Potentıatıon (LTP): (chronic cases) The NO–cGMP-pathway plays a role in LTP at many synapses throughout the CNS and at the neuromuscular junction. LTP has been reviewed both generally and with respect to brain regions specific for memory/learning. Aims/Study Des’gn: The principles of “generation of impulses from the presynaptic region to the postsynaptic region by very potent RNT (10,000-fold effect)” and “vasodilation of arteriolar perforators” are the basis of the authors’ hypothesis to treat stroke cases. Case-control prospective study. Mater’als And Methods: The experimental population included 82 stroke patients (10 patients were given control treatments without superfusion or with 5% dextrose superfusion, and 72 patients comprised the ICSNP group). The mean time for superfusion was 9.5 days post-stroke. Pre- and post-ICSNP status was monitored by NIHSS, MRI and TCD. Results: After 90 seconds in the ICSNP group, the mean change in the NIHSS score was a decrease of 1.44 points, or 6.55%; after 2 h, there was a decrease of 1.16 points; after 24 h, there was an increase of 0.66 points, 2.25%, compared to the control-group increase of 0.7 points, or 3.53%; at 7 days, there was an 8.61-point decrease, 44.58%, compared to the control-group increase of 2.55 points, or 22.37%; at 2 months in ICSNP, there was a 6.94-points decrease, 62.80%, compared to the control-group decrease of 2.77 points, or 8.78%. TCD was documented and improvements were noted. Conclusions: ICSNP is a swift-acting drug in the treatment of stroke, acting within 90 seconds on day 9.5 post-stroke with a small decrease after 24 hours. The drug recovers from this decrease quickly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20infarcts" title="brain infarcts">brain infarcts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intracarotid%20sodium%20nitroprusside" title=" intracarotid sodium nitroprusside"> intracarotid sodium nitroprusside</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforators" title=" perforators"> perforators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vasodilat%C4%B1ons" title=" vasodilatıons"> vasodilatıons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retrograde%20transmission" title=" retrograde transmission"> retrograde transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%2010" title=" the 10"> the 10</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=000-fold%20effect" title="000-fold effect">000-fold effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15756/the-10000-fold-effect-of-retrograde-neurotransmission-a-new-concept-for-stroke-revival-use-of-intracarotid-sodium-nitroprusside" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> The 10,000 Fold Effect of Retrograde Neurotransmission: A New Concept for Cerebral Palsy Revival by the Use of Nitric Oxide Donars </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.%20Tewari">V. K. Tewari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hussain"> M. Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20K.%20D.%20Gupta"> H. K. D. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Nitric Oxide Donars (NODs) (intrathecal sodium nitroprusside (ITSNP) and oral tadalafil 20mg post ITSNP) has been studied in this context in cerebral palsy patients for fast recovery. This work proposes two mechanisms for acute cases and one mechanism for chronic cases, which are interrelated, for physiological recovery. a) Retrograde Neurotransmission (acute cases): 1) Normal excitatory impulse: at the synaptic level, glutamate activates NMDA receptors, with nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) on the postsynaptic membrane, for further propagation by the calcium-calmodulin complex. Nitric oxide (NO, produced by NOS) travels backward across the chemical synapse and binds the axon-terminal NO receptor/sGC of a presynaptic neuron, regulating anterograde neurotransmission (ANT) via retrograde neurotransmission (RNT). Heme is the ligand-binding site of the NO receptor/sGC. Heme exhibits > 10,000-fold higher affinity for NO than for oxygen (the 10,000-fold effect) and is completed in 20 msec. 2) Pathological conditions: normal synaptic activity, including both ANT and RNT, is absent. A NO donor (SNP) releases NO from NOS in the postsynaptic region. NO travels backward across a chemical synapse to bind to the heme of a NO receptor in the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron, generating an impulse, as under normal conditions. b) Vasopasm: (acute cases) Perforators show vasospastic activity. NO vasodilates the perforators via the NO-cAMP pathway. c) Long-Term Potentiation (LTP): (chronic cases) The NO–cGMP-pathway plays a role in LTP at many synapses throughout the CNS and at the neuromuscular junction. LTP has been reviewed both generally and with respect to brain regions specific for memory/learning. Aims/Study Design: The principles of “generation of impulses from the presynaptic region to the postsynaptic region by very potent RNT (10,000-fold effect)” and “vasodilation of arteriolar perforators” are the basis of the authors’ hypothesis to treat cerebral palsy cases. Case-control prospective study. Materials and Methods: The experimental population included 82 cerebral palsy patients (10 patients were given control treatments without NOD or with 5% dextrose superfusion, and 72 patients comprised the NOD group). The mean time for superfusion was 5 months post-cerebral palsy. Pre- and post-NOD status was monitored by Gross Motor Function Classification System for Cerebral Palsy (GMFCS), MRI, and TCD studies. Results: After 7 days in the NOD group, the mean change in the GMFCS score was an increase of 1.2 points mean; after 3 months, there was an increase of 3.4 points mean, compared to the control-group increase of 0.1 points at 3 months. MRI and TCD documented the improvements. Conclusions: NOD (ITSNP boosts up the recovery and oral tadalafil maintains the recovery to a well-desired level) acts swiftly in the treatment of CP, acting within 7 days on 5 months post-cerebral palsy either of the three mechanisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebral%20palsy" title="cerebral palsy">cerebral palsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrathecal%20sodium%20nitroprusside" title=" intrathecal sodium nitroprusside"> intrathecal sodium nitroprusside</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20tadalafil" title=" oral tadalafil"> oral tadalafil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforators" title=" perforators"> perforators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vasodilations" title=" vasodilations"> vasodilations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retrograde%20transmission" title=" retrograde transmission"> retrograde transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%2010" title=" the 10"> the 10</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=000-fold%20effect" title="000-fold effect">000-fold effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-term%20potantiation" title=" long-term potantiation"> long-term potantiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15995/the-10000-fold-effect-of-retrograde-neurotransmission-a-new-concept-for-cerebral-palsy-revival-by-the-use-of-nitric-oxide-donars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Stress Recovery and Durability Prediction of a Vehicular Structure with Random Road Dynamic Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia-Shiun%20Chen">Jia-Shiun Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quoc-Viet%20Huynh"> Quoc-Viet Huynh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work develops a flexible-body dynamic model of an all-terrain vehicle (ATV), capable of recovering dynamic stresses while the ATV travels on random bumpy roads. The fatigue life of components is forecasted as well. While considering the interaction between dynamic forces and structure deformation, the proposed model achieves a highly accurate structure stress prediction and fatigue life prediction. During the simulation, stress time history of the ATV structure is retrieved for life prediction. Finally, the hot sports of the ATV frame are located, and the frame life for combined road conditions is forecasted, i.e. 25833.6 hr. If the usage of vehicle is eight hours daily, the total vehicle frame life is 8.847 years. Moreover, the reaction force and deformation due to the dynamic motion can be described more accurately by using flexible body dynamics than by using rigid-body dynamics. Based on recommendations made in the product design stage before mass production, the proposed model can significantly lower development and testing costs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible-body%20dynamics" title="flexible-body dynamics">flexible-body dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=veicle" title=" veicle"> veicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamics" title=" dynamics"> dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue" title=" fatigue"> fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26684/stress-recovery-and-durability-prediction-of-a-vehicular-structure-with-random-road-dynamic-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> A Futuristic Look at American Indian Nationhood: Zits in Sherman Alexie’s Flight</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaimaa%20Alobaidi">Shaimaa Alobaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The presentation examines how urbanization opens possibilities for American Indian characters like Zits in Alexie’s Flightto explore new definitionsoftheirtribal self-identification. Zits travels in time and views the world from different bodies, ages, and races; his journeys end with different perspectives on the idea of nationhood as an American Indian. He is an example of Vine Deloria’s statementthat “urban Indians have become the cutting edge of the new Indian nationalism” (248). Flight is chosen because the momentZits leaves the real world for time-traveling adventures is very critical; it is a moment of rage that ends in the mass murder of many Anglo-Americans. The paper focus on the turning point when he returns into his body with new opportunities towards his existence among the majority of anglo-Americans who cannot help but see him American Indian minority in need of help and assistance. Characters, such as Zits, attempt to outlive alienation, and Alexie gives new definitionsof their ethnic nationhood. Futuristicdoes not mean the very far unpredictable future; it is rather a nearpotential future for teenagers of American Indians, like Zits, Arnold, andCoyoteSprings- the band in ReservationBlues; all revolutionary personalitiesin Alexie’s works. They will be analyzed as Gerald Vizenor’s “postindianwarriors” who have the ability to identify Indigenous nationalism in a post-colonial context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alienation" title="alienation">alienation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-identification" title="self-identification">self-identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nationhood" title=" nationhood"> nationhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postindian" title=" postindian"> postindian</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144010/a-futuristic-look-at-american-indian-nationhood-zits-in-sherman-alexies-flight" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travels&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travels&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travels&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div 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