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<span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notable People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Swahili people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_(volk)" title="Swahili (volk) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Swahili (volk)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="السواحليون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السواحليون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82" title="سواحیلی خالق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سواحیلی خالق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Суахілі (народ) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Суахілі (народ)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suahili_(grup_hum%C3%A0)" title="Suahili (grup humà) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Suahili (grup humà)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaswahili" title="Vaswahili – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vaswahili" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_(folk)" title="Swahili (folk) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Swahili (folk)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_(Gesellschaft)" title="Swahili (Gesellschaft) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Swahili (Gesellschaft)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suajili" title="Suajili – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Suajili" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svahiloj" title="Svahiloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Svahiloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_(etnia)" title="Swahili (etnia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Swahili (etnia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C" title="مردم سواحلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم سواحلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahilis" title="Swahilis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Swahilis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahily_(folk)" title="Swahily (folk) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Swahily (folk)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%80%ED%9E%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="스와힐리인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스와힐리인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutanen_Swahili" title="Mutanen Swahili – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mutanen Swahili" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB_(%D5%AA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A4)" title="Սուահիլի (ժողովուրդ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուահիլի (ժողովուրդ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_(narod)" title="Swahili (narod) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Swahili (narod)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_people" title="Swahili people – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Swahili people" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Swahili" title="Suku Swahili – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Swahili" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_(%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B)" title="Суахили (халық) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Суахили (халық)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waswahili" title="Waswahili – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Waswahili" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Суахилилер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Суахилилер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svahiliai" title="Svahiliai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Svahiliai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szuah%C3%A9lik" title="Szuahélik – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szuahélik" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Свахили (народ) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Свахили (народ)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soahily_(vahoaka)" title="Soahily (vahoaka) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Soahily (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="السواحليين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="السواحليين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Swahili" title="Orang Swahili – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Swahili" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_(volk)" title="Swahili (volk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Swahili (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_(folk)" title="Swahili (folk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Swahili (folk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahilifolk" title="Swahilifolk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Swahilifolk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suaxili" title="Suaxili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suaxili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suahili_(lud)" title="Suahili (lud) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Suahili (lud)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sua%C3%ADlis" title="Suaílis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Suaílis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Суахили (народ) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Суахили (народ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_people" title="Swahili people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Swahili people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svahili_(narod)" title="Svahili (narod) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Svahili (narod)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahilit" title="Swahilit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Swahilit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahilier" title="Swahilier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Swahilier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="சுவாகிலி மக்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுவாகிலி மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_(%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Суахили (халык) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Суахили (халык)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Суахілі (народ) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суахілі (народ)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Swahili" title="Người Swahili – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Swahili" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_Sw%C3%A0h%C3%ADl%C3%AC" title="Àwọn Swàhílì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn Swàhílì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%8C%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%BA" title="斯瓦希里人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斯瓦希里人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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href="/w/index.php?title=Waswahili&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Waswahili">Waswahili</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">East African ethnic group</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Swahili<br /><i>WaSwahili</i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">وَسوَحِيلِ</span>‎</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div>WaUngwana <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">وَؤُنْڠوَانَ</span>‎</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> (particularly <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Swahili_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Swahili Coast">Swahili Coast</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1.2 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></th><td class="infobox-data">996,000<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></th><td class="infobox-data">56,074<sup id="cite_ref-Census2019_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2019-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21,070<sup id="cite_ref-i_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,000<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">Diaspora</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 0.8 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">420,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></th><td class="infobox-data">113,000<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></th><td class="infobox-data">100,000<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="infobox-data">90,000<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</a></th><td class="infobox-data">56,500<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25,000<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></small>) mainly in the coastal regions <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a></small>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_peoples" title="Mijikenda peoples">Mijikenda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pokomo_people" title="Pokomo people">Pokomo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comorians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bajuni_people" title="Bajuni people">Bajunis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirazi_people" title="Shirazi people">Shirazi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mwani_people" title="Mwani people">Mwani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manyema" title="Manyema">Manyema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bravanese_people" title="Bravanese people">Bravanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makwe_people" title="Makwe people">Makwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Swahili people</b> (<a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>: <i lang="sw">WaSwahili</i>, وَسوَحِيلِ) comprise mainly <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afro-Arabs" title="Afro-Arabs">Afro-Arab</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comorian</a> ethnic groups inhabiting the <a href="/wiki/Swahili_coast" title="Swahili coast">Swahili coast</a>, an area encompassing the <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> archipelago and mainland <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania's</a> seaboard, <a href="/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone">littoral</a> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Comoros_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Comoros Islands">Comoros Islands</a>, and northwest <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>. </p><p>The original Swahili distinguished themselves from other Bantu peoples by self-identifying as WaUngwana (the civilised ones). In certain regions (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Lamu_Island" title="Lamu Island">Lamu Island</a>), this differentiation is even more stratified in terms of societal grouping and dialect, hinting to the historical processes by which the Swahili have coalesced over time. More recently, however, through a process of <a href="/wiki/Swahilization" title="Swahilization">Swahilization</a>, this identity is extended to any person of African descent who speaks Swahili as their first language, is <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, and lives in a town on the main urban centres of most of modern-day Tanzania and coastal Kenya, northern Mozambique, or the Comoros.<sup id="cite_ref-Spear_2000_257–290_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spear_2000_257–290-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name <i>Swahili</i> originated as an <a href="/wiki/Exonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym">exonym</a> for the language derived from <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سواحل</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Sawāhil</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'coasts', with WaUngwana as the <a href="/wiki/Endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Endonym">endonym</a>. Swahili people speak the <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili language</a>. Modern <a href="/wiki/Standard_Swahili" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Swahili">Standard Swahili</a> is derived from the Kiunguja dialect of Zanzibar. Like many other world languages, Swahili has borrowed a large number of words from foreign languages, particularly administrative terms from <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, but also words from <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>. Other, older dialects like Kimrima and Kitumbatu have far fewer Arabic loanwords, indicative of the language's fundamental <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a> nature. Kiswahili served as coastal East Africa's <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> and trade language from the ninth century onward. Zanzibari traders' intensive push into the African interior from the late eighteenth century induced the adoption of Swahili as a common language throughout much of <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a>. Thus, Kiswahili is the most spoken African language, used by far more than just the Waswahili themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swahili_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Shirazi_people" title="Shirazi people">Shirazi people</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">factual accuracy</a> may be compromised due to out-of-date information</b>. The reason given is: A genetic study, published on March 29, 2023, confirmed the presence of significant Iranian-origin ancestry in the Y-chromosomal DNA of medieval inhabitants of the Swahili coast, strongly supporting elements of the Persian-admixture origin story. Therefore, this section, which currently rejects the Persian-admixture narrative, needs to be updated to reflect recent findings. <p>Citation: </p> Brielle, E.S., Fleisher, J., Wynne-Jones, S. et al. Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of medieval peoples of the Swahili coast. Nature 615, 866–873 (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Swahili people originate from Bantu inhabitants of the coast of Southeast Africa, in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique. These Bantu-speaking agriculturalists settled the coast at the outset of the first millennium. Archaeological finds at Fukuchani, on the north-west coast of Zanzibar, indicate a settled agricultural and fishing community from the 6th century CE at the latest. The considerable amount of daub found indicates timber buildings, and shell beads, bead grinders, and iron slag have been found at the site. There is evidence for limited engagement in long-distance trade: a small amount of imported pottery has been found, less than 1% of total pottery finds, mostly from the Gulf and dated to the 5th to 8th century. The similarity to contemporary sites such as Mkokotoni and <a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a> indicate a unified group of communities that developed into the first centre of coastal maritime culture. The coastal towns appear to have been engaged in Indian Ocean trade at this early period, and trade rapidly increased in importance and quantity between the mid-8th and the 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A local 15th genealogy, the <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Chronicle" title="Kilwa Chronicle">Kilwa Chronicle</a>, identifies the rulers and founders of the costal cities as immigrants from the Persian city of <a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shirazi</a>, in the 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-EntwinedAA_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EntwinedAA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This forms the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Shirazi_era" title="Shirazi era">Shirazi era</a> origin myth that proliferated along the coast at the turn of the millennium.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A 2022 DNA study obtained samples from 80 Muslim graves, from cities across the region, found the maternal ancestry of the studied population was primarily of East African lineages, principally Bantu and Pastoral Neolithic, while the majority of the male heritage was Asian.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some academics reject the authenticity of the primarily Persian origin claim.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They point to the relative rarity of Persian customs and speech, lack of documentary evidence of Shia Islam in the Muslim literature on the Swahili Coast, and instead a historic abundance of Sunni <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a>-related evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-allen9_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allen9-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The documentary evidence, like the archaeological, "for early Persian settlement is likewise completely lacking.".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most likely origin for the stories about the Shirazi is from Muslim inhabitants of the <a href="/wiki/Lamu" title="Lamu">Lamu</a> archipelago who moved south in the 10th and 11th centuries. They brought with them a coinage tradition and localized form of Islam. These Africans migrants seem to have developed a concept of Shirazi origin as they moved further southwards, near <a href="/wiki/Malindi" title="Malindi">Malindi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>, along the Mrima coast. The longstanding trade connections with the Persian gulf gave credence to these myths. In addition, because most Muslim societies are patrilineal, one can claim distant identities through paternal lines despite phenotypic and somatic evidence to the contrary. The so-called Shirazi tradition represents the arrival of Islam in these eras, one reason it has proven so long lasting. Extant mosques and coins demonstrate that the "Shirazi" were not Middle Eastern immigrants, but northern Swahili Muslims. They moved south, founding mosques, introducing coinage and elaborately carved inscriptions and mihrabs. They should be interpreted as indigenous African Muslims who played the politics of the Middle East to their advantage. Some still use this foundation myth a millennium later to assert their authority, even though the myth's context has long been forgotten. The Shirazi legend took on new importance in the 19th century, during the period of Omani domination. Claims of Shirazi ancestry were used to distance locals from Arab newcomers, since Persians are not viewed as Arabs but still have an exemplary Islamic pedigree. The emphasis that the Shirazi came very long ago and intermarried with indigenous locals ties this claim to the creation of convincing indigenous narratives about Swahili heritage without divorcing it from the ideals of being a maritime-centred culture.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two main theories about the origins of the <a href="/wiki/Shirazi_people" title="Shirazi people">Shirazi</a> subgroup of the Swahili people. One thesis based on <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral tradition</a> states that immigrants from the <a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a> region in southwestern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> directly settled various mainland ports and islands on the eastern Africa seaboard beginning in the tenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-Gates2010p379a_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gates2010p379a-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time of the Persian settlement in the area, the earlier occupants had been displaced by incoming <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nilotic_peoples" title="Nilotic peoples">Nilotic</a> populations.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan42_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan42-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More people from different parts of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> also continued to migrate to the <a href="/wiki/Swahili_coast" title="Swahili coast">Swahili coast</a> over several centuries thereafter, and these formed the modern Shirazi.<sup id="cite_ref-fage201_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fage201-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second theory on Shirazi origins also posits that they came from Persia, but first settled in the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gates2010p379a_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gates2010p379a-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the twelfth century, as the gold trade with the distant entrepot of <a href="/wiki/Sofala" title="Sofala">Sofala</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> seaboard grew, the settlers are then said to moved southwards to various coastal towns in Kenya, Tanzania, northern Mozambique and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Ocean islands">Indian Ocean islands</a>. By 1200 CE, they had established local sultanates and mercantile networks on the islands of <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani" title="Kilwa Kisiwani">Kilwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mafia_Island" title="Mafia Island">Mafia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> along the Swahili coast, and in northwestern <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chittick275_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chittick275-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recent studies support the Swahili origin myth, indicating that "Asian ancestry includes components associated with Persia and India, with 80–90% of the Asian DNA originating from Persian men." </p><p>The modern Swahili people speak the <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili language</a> as a mother tongue, which belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/Niger-Congo_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Niger-Congo languages">Niger-Congo</a> family. The language contains loan words from <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swahili_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kenya#Islamic_arrival_on_the_Swahili_Coast" title="Islam in Kenya">Islam in Kenya § Islamic arrival on the Swahili Coast</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> established its presence on the Southeast African coast around the 9th century, coincident to Bantu traders both settling on the coast and tapping into the Indian Ocean trade networks. The Swahili people follow the <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> denomination of Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Large numbers of Swahili undertake the <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a> from Tanzania,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kenya,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Mozambique.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditional Islamic dress such as the <a href="/wiki/Jilbab" class="mw-redirect" title="Jilbab">jilbab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thob" class="mw-redirect" title="Thob">thob</a> are also popular among the Swahili. The Swahili also are known for their use of divination, which has adopted some syncretic features from underlying traditional indigenous beliefs. For instance, they believe in <a href="/wiki/Djinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Djinn">djinn</a>, and many men wear protective amulets featuring verses from the Qu'ran. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">Divination</a> is practiced through Qur'anic readings. Often the diviner incorporates verses from the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> into treatments for certain diseases. On occasion, he instructs a patient to soak a piece of paper containing verses of the Qur'an in water. With this ink infused water, literally containing the word of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Allah</a>, the patient will then wash his body or drink it to cure himself of his affliction. The only people permitted to become medicine men in the culture are prophets and teachers of Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-millermintz_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-millermintz-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also Swahili that practiced <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swahili_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zanzibar-pysa-coin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Zanzibar-pysa-coin.jpg/220px-Zanzibar-pysa-coin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Zanzibar-pysa-coin.jpg/330px-Zanzibar-pysa-coin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Zanzibar-pysa-coin.jpg/440px-Zanzibar-pysa-coin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> Arabic script on a one-pysar coin from <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> c. 1299 AH (1882 CE)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamu_door.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Lamu_door.jpg/220px-Lamu_door.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Lamu_door.jpg/330px-Lamu_door.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Lamu_door.jpg/440px-Lamu_door.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1444" data-file-height="2012" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> Arabic script on a carved wooden door (open) at <a href="/wiki/Lamu" title="Lamu">Lamu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fortjesusdoor.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Fortjesusdoor.JPG/220px-Fortjesusdoor.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Fortjesusdoor.JPG/330px-Fortjesusdoor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Fortjesusdoor.JPG/440px-Fortjesusdoor.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> Arabic script on wooden door in Fort Jesus, <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili language</a> is the native tongue, and it is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a> subgroup of the <a href="/wiki/Niger-Congo_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Niger-Congo languages">Niger-Congo</a> family. Its closest relatives include <a href="/wiki/Comorian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Comorian language">Comorian</a> spoken on the <a href="/wiki/Comoros_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Comoros Islands">Comoros Islands</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_language" title="Mijikenda language">Mijikenda language</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_peoples" title="Mijikenda peoples">Mijikenda</a> people in Kenya.<sup id="cite_ref-Frawley_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frawley-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With its original speech community centred on <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> and the coastal parts of <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, collectively a seaboard referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Swahili_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Swahili Coast">Swahili Coast</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Nanjira_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nanjira-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swahili became the tongue of the urban class in the <a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a> region and eventually went on to serve as a <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> during the post-colonial period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swahili_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2022, DNA was extracted, analyzed and compared in 80 samples taken from people buried between 1250 and 1800 CE in towns that were mostly along the Swahili Coast in modern Kenya and Tanzania. It is believed that these people were Swahili elites because they were buried in cemeteries near the main mosques. Before 1500 CE, the inhabitants carried both African, as well as Asia/Near East ancestry, which was mainly Persian-related (with more than half of their DNA originating from African ancestors and another large proportion of DNA coming from Asian ancestors). The male ancestors of elite Swahili people were a mix of approximately 83% Asian and 17% African; about 90% of the Asian DNA was Persian, and the rest was Indian. The female ancestors of Swahili elites were about 97% African and 3% Asian. This is consistent with the narrative of the <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Chronicle" title="Kilwa Chronicle">Kilwa Chronicle</a>. After this time, Arabian ancestry becomes more prevalent, which correlates with the archaeological and historical record of interactions with Southern Arabia (<a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-EntwinedAA_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EntwinedAA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swahili_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For centuries the Swahili depended greatly on trade from the Indian Ocean. The Swahili have played a vital role as middle man between southeast, central, and South Africa and to the outside world. Trade contacts have been noted as early as 100 CE by early <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> writers who visited the Southeast African coast in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trade routes extended from <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> into modern day <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo</a>, along which goods were brought to the coasts and were sold to Arab, Indian, and Portuguese traders. Historical and archaeological records attest to Swahilis being prolific maritime merchants and sailors<sup id="cite_ref-Sub-Saharan_African_History_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sub-Saharan_African_History-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Global_History_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_History-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who sailed the Southeast African coastline to lands as far away as <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia">Arabia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-African_Slave_Trade_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-African_Slave_Trade-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-African_Slave_Trade_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-African_Slave_Trade-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Sub-Saharan_African_History_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sub-Saharan_African_History-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 110">: 110 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Global_History_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_History-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Islam_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Islam-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_History_of_Africa_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge_History_of_Africa-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese pottery and Arabian beads have been found in the ruins of <a href="/wiki/Great_Zimbabwe" title="Great Zimbabwe">Great Zimbabwe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the apogee of the Middle Ages, ivory and slaves became a substantial source of revenue. Captives sold via the <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanzibar slave trade">Zanzibar slave trade</a> by Arab slave traders ended up in Portuguese Brazil or via the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_slave_trade" title="Indian Ocean slave trade">Indian Ocean slave trade</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a>. Swahili fishermen of today still rely on the ocean to supply their primary source of income. Fish is sold to their inland neighbours in exchange for products of the interior. </p><p>Although most Swahili living standards are far below that of upper hierarchy of the wealthiest nations, the Swahili are generally considered a relatively economically powerful group due to their history of trade. They are comparatively well-off. For instance, the United Nations has stated that the island of <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> has a 25% higher per capita GDP than the rest of Tanzania.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This economic influence has led to the continued spread of their culture and language throughout East Africa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swahili_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thought by many early scholars to be essentially of <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arabic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persian</a> style and origin, some contemporary academics are suggesting that archaeological, written, linguistic, and cultural evidence might suggest an African genesis which would be accompanied only later by an enduring Arabic and <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> influences in the form of trade and an exchange of ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon visiting <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani" title="Kilwa Kisiwani">Kilwa</a> in 1331, the great <a href="/wiki/Berber_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber people">Berber</a> explorer <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> was impressed by the substantial beauty that he encountered there. He describes its inhabitants as "Zanj, jet-black in colour, and with tattoo marks on their faces", and notes that "Kilwa is a very fine and substantially built town, and all its buildings are of wood" (his description of <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a> was essentially the same).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kimaryo points out that the distinctive tattoo marks are common among the <a href="/wiki/Makonde_people" title="Makonde people">Makonde</a>. Architecture included arches, courtyards, isolated women's quarters, the <a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">mihrab</a>, towers, and decorative elements on the buildings themselves. Many ruins may still be observed near the southern Kenyan port of <a href="/wiki/Malindi" title="Malindi">Malindi</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ruins_of_Gedi" title="Ruins of Gedi">Gede</a> ruins (<i>the lost city of Gede/Gedi</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_People">Notable People</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swahili_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notable People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdisalam_Ibrahim" title="Abdisalam Ibrahim">Abdisalam Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Okere" title="Charles Okere">Charles Okere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Mohamed" title="Jamal Mohamed">Jamal Mohamed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Husseini" title="Mohamed Husseini">Mohamed Husseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Mudde" title="Musa Mudde">Musa Mudde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saad_Musa" title="Saad Musa">Saad Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabani_Nonda" title="Shabani Nonda">Shabani Nonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yussuf_Poulsen" title="Yussuf Poulsen">Yussuf Poulsen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swahili_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahililand" class="mw-redirect" title="Swahililand">Swahililand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_architecture" title="Swahili architecture">Swahili architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_culture" title="Swahili culture">Swahili culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_society" title="Comorian society">Comorian society</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swahili_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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(2022-07-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.10.499442v1">"The Entwined African and Asian Genetic Roots of the Medieval Peoples of the Swahili Coast"</a>: 2022.07.10.499442. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2F2022.07.10.499442">10.1101/2022.07.10.499442</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:250534036">250534036</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Entwined+African+and+Asian+Genetic+Roots+of+the+Medieval+Peoples+of+the+Swahili+Coast&rft.pages=2022.07.10.499442&rft.date=2022-07-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1101%2F2022.07.10.499442&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A250534036%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Brielle&rft.aufirst=Esther+S.&rft.au=Fleisher%2C+Jeffrey&rft.au=Wynne-Jones%2C+Stephanie&rft.au=Broomandkhoshbacht%2C+Nasreen&rft.au=Callan%2C+Kim&rft.au=Curtis%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Iliev%2C+Lora&rft.au=Lawson%2C+Ann+Marie&rft.au=Oppenheimer%2C+Jonas&rft.au=Qiu%2C+Lijun&rft.au=Stewardson%2C+Kristin&rft.au=Workman%2C+J.+Noah&rft.au=Zalzala%2C+Fatma&rft.au=Ayodo%2C+George&rft.au=Gidna%2C+Agness+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.1101%2F2022.07.10.499442v1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwahili+people" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoanne_Silberner2023" class="citation web cs1">Joanne Silberner (April 12, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/04/12/1168613272/whats-the-origin-of-the-long-ago-swahili-civilization-genes-offer-a-revealing-an">"What's the origin of the long-ago Swahili civilization? Genes offer a revealing answer"</a>. NPR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+the+origin+of+the+long-ago+Swahili+civilization%3F+Genes+offer+a+revealing+answer&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2023-04-12&rft.au=Joanne+Silberner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fgoatsandsoda%2F2023%2F04%2F12%2F1168613272%2Fwhats-the-origin-of-the-long-ago-swahili-civilization-genes-offer-a-revealing-an&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwahili+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIchumbakiMunisi" class="citation book cs1">Ichumbaki, Elgidius; Munisi, Neema. "Kilwa and its Environs". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-1008"><i>Oxford Research Encyclopedias: African History</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kilwa+and+its+Environs&rft.btitle=Oxford+Research+Encyclopedias%3A+African+History&rft.aulast=Ichumbaki&rft.aufirst=Elgidius&rft.au=Munisi%2C+Neema&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foxfordre.com%2Fafricanhistory%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190277734.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780190277734-e-1008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwahili+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sub-Saharan_African_History-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sub-Saharan_African_History_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sub-Saharan_African_History_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollinsBurns2007" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Robert; Burns, James (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PZcX2jQFTRcC&pg=PA110"><i>A History of Sub-Saharan Africa</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 109–112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86746-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86746-7"><bdi>978-0-521-86746-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Sub-Saharan+Africa&rft.pages=109-112&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-86746-7&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Burns%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPZcX2jQFTRcC%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwahili+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Global_History-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Global_History_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_History_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullietCrossleyHeadrickHirsch2006" class="citation book cs1">Bulliet, Richard; Crossley, Pamela; Headrick, Daniel; Hirsch, Steven; Johnson, Lyman (October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MM-0F0fR7E4C&pg=PA381"><i>The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History</i></a>. 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Wadsworth Publishing. p. 381. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4390-8477-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4390-8477-9"><bdi>978-1-4390-8477-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Earth+and+Its+Peoples%3A+A+Global+History&rft.pages=381&rft.pub=Wadsworth+Publishing&rft.date=2006-10&rft.isbn=978-1-4390-8477-9&rft.aulast=Bulliet&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Crossley%2C+Pamela&rft.au=Headrick%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Hirsch%2C+Steven&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Lyman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMM-0F0fR7E4C%26pg%3DPA381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwahili+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-African_Slave_Trade-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-African_Slave_Trade_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-African_Slave_Trade_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The East African Slave Trade <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml">BBC</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i>, accessed February 15, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Islam-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Islam_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xJY3AAAAIAAJ&dq=Swahili+sailors+Persia&pg=PA206">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume 3, Part 2. By Sir H. A. R. Gibb. pg. 206</a>, (2001), accessed February 15, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cambridge_History_of_Africa-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_History_of_Africa_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Swahili-Chinese interaction <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V7qpKqM2Ji8C&dq=zanj+China&pg=PA193">The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 1050 to c. 1600. By J. D. Fage. pg. 194</a>, (1977), <i>Cambridge Publications</i>, accessed February 15, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Garlake (2002) 184-185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?q=Zanzibar&d=SNAAMA&f=grID:101;currID:USD;pcFlag:1;crID:836">"UNdata - record view - Per capita GDP at current prices - US dollars"</a>. <i>UN.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=urban-research.net&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urban-research.net%2Fconsultants.jkimaryo.2000paper1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwahili+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorton1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Horton_(archaeologist)" title="Mark Horton (archaeologist)">Horton, Mark</a> (1996). <i>Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa</i>. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shanga%3A+the+archaeology+of+a+muslim+trading+community+on+the+coast+of+East+Africa&rft.pub=The+British+Institute+in+Eastern+Africa&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwahili+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1354-ibnbattuta.html">"Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354 - Medieval Sourcebook, Retrieved on 2007-08-28"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ibn+Battuta%3A+Travels+in+Asia+and+Africa+1325-1354+-+Medieval+Sourcebook%2C+Retrieved+on+2007-08-28.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fsource%2F1354-ibnbattuta.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwahili+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portcities.org.uk/london/server/show/conMediaFile.4163/Ruins-of-the-walled-city-of-Gedi-Kenya.html">"Ruins of the walled city of Gedi, Kenya. - Leisure, health and housing - Port Cities"</a>. <i>PortCities.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PortCities.org.uk&rft.atitle=Ruins+of+the+walled+city+of+Gedi%2C+Kenya.+-+Leisure%2C+health+and+housing+-+Port+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portcities.org.uk%2Flondon%2Fserver%2Fshow%2FconMediaFile.4163%2FRuins-of-the-walled-city-of-Gedi-Kenya.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwahili+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swahili_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Swahili_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Swahili people">Swahili people</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index_section5.shtml">The Story of Africa: The Swahili</a> — BBC World Service</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041010042642/http://www.swahilionline.com/index.html">Swahili Culture</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Swahili"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Swahili">"Swahili" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Swahili&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwahili+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>F. Le Guennec-Coppens et D. Parkin, <i>Autorité et pouvoir chez les Swahili,</i> Karthala, 1998, p. 262</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Kenya" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Kenya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Kenya" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Kenya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Kenya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Kenya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Kenya_(by_linguistic_origin)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kenya#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Kenya">Ethnic groups in Kenya</a> <small>(by linguistic origin)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agumba_people" title="Agumba people">Agumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajuni_people" title="Bajuni people">Bajuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonyi_people" title="Chonyi people">Chonyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digo_people" title="Digo people">Digo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embu_people" title="Embu people">Embu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giriama_people" title="Giriama people">Giriama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibana_people" title="Jibana people">Jibana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people">Kamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_people" title="Kikuyu people">Kikuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisii_people" title="Kisii people">Kisii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuria_people" title="Kuria people">Kuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhya_people" title="Luhya people">Luhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbeere_people" title="Mbeere people">Mbeere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meru_people" title="Meru people">Meru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_peoples" title="Mijikenda peoples">Mijikenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokomo_people" title="Pokomo people">Pokomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Kenya)" title="Suba people (Kenya)">Suba</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taita_people" title="Taita people">Taita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taveta_people" title="Taveta people">Taveta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariaal_people" title="Ariaal people">Ariaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ateker_peoples" title="Ateker peoples">Ateker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camus_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Camus people">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalenjin_people" title="Kalenjin people">Kalenjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samburu_people" title="Samburu people">Samburu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kore_people" title="Kore people">Kore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_people" title="Luo people">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okiek_people" title="Okiek people">Okiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teso_people" title="Teso people">Teso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkana_people" title="Turkana people">Turkana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aweer_people" title="Aweer people">Aweer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borana_Oromo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Borana Oromo people">Borana Oromo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daasanach_people" title="Daasanach people">Daasanach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Molo_people" title="El Molo people">El Molo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabra_people" title="Gabra people">Gabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orma_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Orma people">Orma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendille_people" title="Rendille people">Rendille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_Kenya" title="Somalis in Kenya">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waata" title="Waata">Waata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaaku_people" title="Yaaku people">Yaaku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Asia" title="Languages of South Asia">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Kenya" title="Chinese people in Kenya">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Kenya" title="Indians in Kenya">Indian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Kenya" title="White people in Kenya">European</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knbs.or.ke/censusethnic.php">Population and Housing Census - Ethnic Affiliation</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Mozambique" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Mozambique" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Mozambique"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Mozambique" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Mozambique"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Mozambique" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Mozambique"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Mozambique" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mozambique#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Mozambique">Ethnic groups in Mozambique</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chopi_people" title="Chopi people">Chopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_people" title="Gaza people">Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunda_people" title="Kunda people">Kunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makonde_people" title="Makonde people">Makonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makua_people" title="Makua people">Makua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maviha_people" title="Maviha people">Maviha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwani_people" title="Mwani people">Mwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndau_people" title="Ndau people">Ndau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndwandwe" title="Ndwandwe">Ndwandwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambicans" title="Portuguese Mozambicans">Portuguese Mozambicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sena_people" title="Sena people">Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shona_people" title="Shona people">Shona</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsonga_people" title="Tsonga people">Tsonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_people_(East_Africa)" title="Yao people (East Africa)">Yao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Tanzania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Tanzania" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Tanzania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Tanzania" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Tanzania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Tanzania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Tanzania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Tanzania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Tanzania">Ethnic groups in Tanzania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arusha_Region" title="Arusha Region">Arusha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arusha_people" title="Arusha people">Arusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datooga_people" title="Datooga people">Datooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadza_people" title="Hadza people">Hadza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwa_people" title="Rwa people">Meru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonjo_people" title="Sonjo people">Sonjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Maasai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam_Region" title="Dar es Salaam Region">Dar es Salaam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaramo_people" title="Zaramo people">Zaramo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dodoma_Region" title="Dodoma Region">Dodoma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alagwa_people" title="Alagwa people">Alagwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burunge_people" title="Burunge people">Burunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogo_people" title="Gogo people">Gogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorowa_people" title="Gorowa people">Gorowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangi_people" title="Rangi people">Rangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandawe_people" title="Sandawe people">Sandawe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geita_Region" title="Geita Region">Geita</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukuma_people" title="Sukuma people">Sukuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbwa_people" title="Sumbwa people">Sumbwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinza_people" title="Zinza people">Zinza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iringa_Region" title="Iringa Region">Iringa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hehe_people" title="Hehe people">Hehe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbunga_people" title="Mbunga people">Mbunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndamba_people" title="Ndamba people">Ndamba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kagera_Region" title="Kagera Region">Kagera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangaza_people" title="Hangaza people">Hangaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haya_people" title="Haya people">Haya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyambo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyambo people">Nyambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shubi_people" title="Shubi people">Shubi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Katavi_Region" title="Katavi Region">Katavi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bembe_people" title="Bembe people">Bembe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bende_people" title="Bende people">Bende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konongo_people" title="Konongo people">Konongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimbwe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pimbwe people">Pimbwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rungwa_people" title="Rungwa people">Rungwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kigoma_Region" title="Kigoma Region">Kigoma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goma_people" title="Goma people">Goma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha_people" title="Ha people">Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holoholo_people" title="Holoholo people">Holoholo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiji_people" title="Jiji people">Jiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manyema" title="Manyema">Manyema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongwe_people" title="Tongwe people">Tongwe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinza_people" title="Vinza people">Vinza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kilimanjaro_Region" title="Kilimanjaro Region">Kilimanjaro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaga_people" title="Chaga people">Chagga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngasa_people" title="Ngasa people">Ngasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pare_people" title="Pare people">Pare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lindi_Region" title="Lindi Region">Lindi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Machinga_people" title="Machinga people">Machinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matumbi_people" title="Matumbi people">Matumbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwera_people" title="Mwera people">Mwera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makonde_people" title="Makonde people">Makonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndonde_people" title="Ndonde people">Ndonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngindo_people" title="Ngindo people">Ngindo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swahili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manyara_Region" title="Manyara Region">Manyara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akie_people" title="Akie people">Akie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_people" title="Asa people">Asa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabaig_people" title="Barabaig people">Barabaig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqw_people" title="Iraqw people">Iraqw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kw%27adza_people" title="Kw'adza people">Kw'adza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbugwe_people" title="Mbugwe people">Mbugwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mara_Region" title="Mara Region">Mara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ikizu_people" title="Ikizu people">Ikizu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikoma_people" title="Ikoma people">Ikoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jita_people" title="Jita people">Jita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabwa_people" title="Kabwa people">Kabwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuria_people" title="Kuria people">Kuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngurimi_people" title="Ngurimi people">Ngurimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Tanzania)" title="Suba people (Tanzania)">Suba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ware_people" title="Ware people">Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanaki_people" title="Zanaki people">Zanaki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mbeya_Region" title="Mbeya Region">Mbeya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimbu_people" title="Kimbu people">Kimbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyakyusa_people" title="Nyakyusa people">Nyakyusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyiha_people" title="Nyiha people">Nyiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safwa_people" title="Safwa people">Safwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangu_people" title="Sangu people">Sangu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Morogoro_Region" title="Morogoro Region">Morogoro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaguru_people" title="Kaguru people">Kaguru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutu_people" title="Kutu people">Kutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luguru_people" title="Luguru people">Luguru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogolo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pogolo people">Pogolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagara_people" title="Sagara people">Sagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidunda_people" title="Vidunda people">Vidunda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mtwara_Region" title="Mtwara Region">Mtwara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makonde_people" title="Makonde people">Makonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makua_people" title="Makua people">Makua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maviha_people" title="Maviha people">Maviha</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swahili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mwanza_Region" title="Mwanza Region">Mwanza</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kara_people_(Tanzania)" title="Kara people (Tanzania)">Kara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerewe_people" title="Kerewe people">Kerewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukuma_people" title="Sukuma people">Sukuma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Njombe_Region" title="Njombe Region">Njombe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bena_people" title="Bena people">Bena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinga_people" title="Kinga people">Kinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisi_people" title="Kisi people">Kisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_people" title="Manda people">Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangwa_language" title="Pangwa language">Pangwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanji_people" title="Wanji people">Wanji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pwani_Region" title="Pwani Region">Pwani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doe_people" title="Doe people">Doe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kami_people" title="Kami people">Kami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndengereko_people" title="Ndengereko people">Ndengereko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufiji_people" title="Rufiji people">Rufiji</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaramo_people" title="Zaramo people">Zaramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigula_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Zigula people">Zigula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rukwa_Region" title="Rukwa Region">Rukwa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fipa_people" title="Fipa people">Fipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lungu_people" title="Lungu people">Lungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambwe_people" title="Mambwe people">Mambwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_people" title="Tumbuka people">Tumbuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanda_people" title="Wanda people">Wanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ruvuma_Region" title="Ruvuma Region">Ruvuma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matengo_people" title="Matengo people">Matengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpoto_people" title="Mpoto people">Mpoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndendeule_people" title="Ndendeule people">Ndendeule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngoni_people" title="Ngoni people">Ngoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nindi_people" title="Nindi people">Nindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_people_(East_Africa)" title="Yao people (East Africa)">Yao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shinyanga_Region" title="Shinyanga Region">Shinyanga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iramba_people" title="Iramba people">Iramba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukuma_people" title="Sukuma people">Sukuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyamwezi_people" title="Nyamwezi people">Nyamwezi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Simiyu_Region" title="Simiyu Region">Simiyu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukuma_people" title="Sukuma people">Sukuma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Singida_Region" title="Singida Region">Singida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iramba_people" title="Iramba people">Iramba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isanzu_people" title="Isanzu people">Isanzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turu_people_(Tanzania)" title="Turu people (Tanzania)">Nyaturu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Songwe_Region" title="Songwe Region">Songwe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malila_people" title="Malila people">Malila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyamwanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyamwanga">Nyamwanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndali_people" title="Ndali people">Ndali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambya_people" title="Lambya people">Lambya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tabora_Region" title="Tabora Region">Tabora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyamwezi_people" title="Nyamwezi people">Nyamwezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyanyembe_tribe" title="Nyanyembe tribe">Nyanyembe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swahili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tanga_Region" title="Tanga Region">Tanga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bondei_people" title="Bondei people">Bondei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaiso_people" title="Dhaiso people">Dhaiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbugu_people" title="Mbugu people">Mbugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngulu_people" title="Ngulu people">Ngulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segeju_people" title="Segeju people">Segeju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shambaa_people" title="Shambaa people">Sambaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigula_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Zigula people">Zigula</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swahili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> & <a href="/wiki/Pemba_Island" title="Pemba Island">Pemba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadimu" title="Hadimu">Hadimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirazi_people" title="Shirazi people">Shirazi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swahili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immigrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigrants">Immigrants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Africans_of_European_ancestry" title="White Africans of European ancestry">White Tanzanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Tanzania" title="Chinese people in Tanzania">Chinese Tanzanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Tanzania" title="Indians in Tanzania">Indian Tanzanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_and_national_groups_in_Somalia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Somalia" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Somalia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Somalia" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Somalia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Somalia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Somalia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_and_national_groups_in_Somalia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Somalia#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Somalia">Ethnic and national groups in Somalia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaaq" title="Isaaq">Isaaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dir_(clan)" title="Dir (clan)">Dir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darod" title="Darod">Darod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawiye" title="Hawiye">Hawiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahanweyn" title="Rahanweyn">Rahanweyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravanese_people" title="Bravanese people">Bravanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benadiri_people" title="Benadiri people">Benadiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajuni_people" title="Bajuni people">Bajunis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Akhdam" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Akhdam">Al-Akhdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Bantus" title="Somali Bantus">Bantus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Ethiopia" title="Demographics of Ethiopia">Ethiopians</a> <small>(various)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Somalis" title="Italian Somalis">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehri_people" title="Mehri people">Mehris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asians" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asians">South Asians</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugandans">Ugandans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721854#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721854#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721854#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85130967">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11975078f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11975078f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007551014005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027782328">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swahili_people&oldid=1259762324">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swahili_people&oldid=1259762324</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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