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font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1rem; text-align: left;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { margin-right: initial; margin-left: initial; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; min-width: 0;}.cta-eyebrow-brand.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.dark-heading.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(0, 0, 0);}.light-heading.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(255, 255, 255);}.color-heading.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.align-text-left.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: left;}.align-text-center.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: center;}.align-text-right.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: right;}.certify-heading.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.learn-heading.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(0, 187, 255);}.network-heading.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(245, 202, 39);}.insights-heading.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(122, 70, 255);}.underline--emphatic.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { position: relative;}.underline--emphatic.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc:after { content: ""; height: 0.425rem; width: 3.45rem; position: absolute; bottom: -1rem; left: 0;}.royal-heading.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(89, 73, 167);}.italic.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { font-style: italic;}.card-eyebrow.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-weight: 500; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 0.875rem; text-align: left; color: rgb(65, 67, 70);}.card-eyebrow-brand.ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255); font-weight: 500; font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1rem; text-align: left;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-293afa7dce045b33a53142b1d93b8ee0.coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1 { -webkit-box-flex: 0; -webkit-flex-grow: 0; -ms-flex-positive: 0; flex-grow: 0; text-align: left; margin-right: initial; margin-left: initial; width: 100%; max-width: 100%;}.border.ssa-instance-293afa7dce045b33a53142b1d93b8ee0.coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1 { border-width: 0.0625rem; border-style: solid;}.ssa-instance-293afa7dce045b33a53142b1d93b8ee0.coh-ce-cpt_text-ccc8ea09 { text-align: left; display: inline-block;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-1fe5bda74cd3881f39bb7e7c94a430ec.coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1 { -webkit-box-flex: 0; -webkit-flex-grow: 0; -ms-flex-positive: 0; flex-grow: 0; text-align: left; margin-right: initial; margin-left: initial; width: 100%; max-width: 100%;}.border.ssa-instance-1fe5bda74cd3881f39bb7e7c94a430ec.coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1 { border-width: 0.0625rem; border-style: solid;}.ssa-instance-1fe5bda74cd3881f39bb7e7c94a430ec.coh-ce-cpt_text-ccc8ea09 { text-align: left; display: inline-block;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-d8fb014574d8d825e0dba36b26ec4efd.coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1 { -webkit-box-flex: 0; -webkit-flex-grow: 0; -ms-flex-positive: 0; flex-grow: 0; text-align: left; margin-right: initial; margin-left: initial; width: 100%; max-width: 100%;}.border.ssa-instance-d8fb014574d8d825e0dba36b26ec4efd.coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1 { border-width: 0.0625rem; border-style: solid;}.ssa-instance-d8fb014574d8d825e0dba36b26ec4efd.coh-ce-cpt_text-ccc8ea09 { text-align: left; display: inline-block;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { margin-right: initial; margin-left: initial; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; min-width: 0;}.cta-eyebrow-brand.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.dark-heading.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(0, 0, 0);}.light-heading.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(255, 255, 255);}.color-heading.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.align-text-left.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: left;}.align-text-center.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: center;}.align-text-right.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: right;}.certify-heading.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.learn-heading.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(0, 187, 255);}.network-heading.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(245, 202, 39);}.insights-heading.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(122, 70, 255);}.underline--emphatic.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { position: relative;}.underline--emphatic.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc:after { content: ""; height: 0.425rem; width: 3.45rem; position: absolute; bottom: -1rem; left: 0;}.royal-heading.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(89, 73, 167);}.italic.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { font-style: italic;}.card-eyebrow.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-weight: 500; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 0.875rem; text-align: left; color: rgb(65, 67, 70);}.card-eyebrow-brand.ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255); font-weight: 500; font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1rem; text-align: left;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-42b49191be6888122f0b4b844308d991.coh-ce-cpt_highlight_tag-fe8ce8c { padding-top: 0.125rem; padding-right: 0.75rem; padding-bottom: 0.125rem; padding-left: 0.75rem; background-color: rgba(245, 202, 39, 1); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; width: -webkit-fit-content; width: -moz-fit-content; width: fit-content;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { display: -webkit-box; display: -webkit-flex; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-flex: 0; -webkit-flex-grow: 0; -ms-flex-positive: 0; flex-grow: 0; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -webkit-align-content: flex-start; -ms-flex-line-pack: flex-start; align-content: flex-start; min-height: 0px; padding-top: 4rem; padding-bottom: 4rem; position: relative; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}@media (max-width: 1197px) { .ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { padding-top: 1rem; padding-right: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 1rem; padding-left: 1.5rem; }}@media (max-width: 899px) { .ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { padding-top: 1rem; padding-right: 1rem; padding-bottom: 1rem; padding-left: 1rem; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}.image-no-overlay.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-position: center; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}.image-dark-overlay.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 100%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.image-light-overlay.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294)), to(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294) 1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294) 1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 100%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-origin: border-box; background-clip: border-box; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.border.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-width: 0.0625rem; border-style: solid;}.border--top.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-top-width: 0.125rem; border-style: solid; border-top-style: solid;}.border--drop-shadow.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-width: 0.125rem; border-style: solid; }.background--bleed.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { position: relative;}.background--bleed.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { height: 100%; width: 200vw; position: absolute; top: 0; left: -100vw; z-index: -1; display: block;}.image-gradient-overlay-vertical.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(73%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 73%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 73%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.bg-dark-gradient.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(42%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(70%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), color-stop(92%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 42%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 70%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 92%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 42%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 70%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 92%), none; background-size: cover, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}@media (max-width: 899px) { .bg-dark-gradient.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#000), color-stop(50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-size: cover, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .bg-dark-gradient.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#000), color-stop(50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}.bg-dark-gradient--listing.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}@media (max-width: 899px) { .bg-dark-gradient--listing.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .bg-dark-gradient--listing.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}.bg-dark-gradient--events.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: none; background-position: left top; background-size: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}.bg-dark-gradient--events.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(99%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 99%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 99%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: local, scroll; width: 100vw; left: -webkit-calc((100vw - var(--ssa-responsive-grid-settings-boxed-width)) / -2); left: calc((100vw - var(--ssa-responsive-grid-settings-boxed-width)) / -2);}@media (max-width: 899px) { .bg-dark-gradient--events.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-0e9bad08079d7f799e9ce80c55588a74.coh-ce-cpt_spacer-b3e761a3 {}@media (max-width: 899px) { .ssa-instance-0e9bad08079d7f799e9ce80c55588a74.coh-ce-cpt_spacer-b3e761a3 { }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .ssa-instance-0e9bad08079d7f799e9ce80c55588a74.coh-ce-cpt_spacer-b3e761a3 { }}.coh-style-flex-grow.ssa-instance-0e9bad08079d7f799e9ce80c55588a74.coh-ce-cpt_spacer-b3e761a3 { height: auto;}@media (max-width: 899px) { .coh-style-flex-grow.ssa-instance-0e9bad08079d7f799e9ce80c55588a74.coh-ce-cpt_spacer-b3e761a3 { height: auto; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .coh-style-flex-grow.ssa-instance-0e9bad08079d7f799e9ce80c55588a74.coh-ce-cpt_spacer-b3e761a3 { height: auto; }}</style> </head> <body class="user-is-anonymous path-node page-node-type-refresher-reading"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <input class="coh-inline-element ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 coh-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 coh-ce-cpt_site_header-443cc08f" id="megamenu-toggle" type="checkbox"> <header class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 coh-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 site-header masthead--megamenu e--100 coh-style-header-light-theme coh-style-elevations coh-ce-cpt_site_header-e29b1605" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_site_header-8a31fe82" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_site_header-9ac56c51 coh-container-boxed" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_site_header-3f35602d" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list coh-ce-c0b6bbc8"><li class="coh-menu-list-item" > <a href="/business" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"click-through-to-link"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-125352ee js-coh-menu-item-link" >Business</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item" > <a href="/universities" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"click-through-to-link"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-125352ee js-coh-menu-item-link" >Universities</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item" > <a href="/university-students" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"click-through-to-link"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-125352ee js-coh-menu-item-link" >University students</a></li></ul> <span class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 coh-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 coh-style-flex-grow ssa-instance-0e9bad08079d7f799e9ce80c55588a74 coh-ce-cpt_spacer-b3e761a3" > </span> <div class="coh-block coh-ce-cpt_site_header-e1c8b140"> <div class="coh-style-flex-container align-items--center coh-style-position-relative oidc-menu"> <div class="coh-style-flex-container align-items--center justify-content--center oidc coh-style-mobile-account-links"> <a href="/Account/Login" class="js--oidc-menu-link coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-style-label-200 piped" target="_self">Sign In</a> <a href="/Account/CreateAccount" class="js--oidc-menu-link coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-style-label-200 piped" target="_self">Create Account</a> </div> </div> </div> <a href="https://store.cfainstitute.org/cart.php" class="coh-link coh-ce-cpt_site_header-b69197d" title="View my cart" target="_self" > </a> </div> </div> <div class="coh-container masthead__header coh-ce-cpt_site_header-798ae7ba coh-container-boxed" > <button class="coh-button coh-style-button coh-ce-cpt_site_header-5bc6ba39 coh-interaction" title="Menu" data-interaction-modifiers="[{"modifierType":"toggle-modifier","interactionScope":"this","modifierName":"popover--open","interactionTarget":".coh-button"},{"modifierType":"toggle-modifier-accessible-collapsed","interactionScope":"component","interactionTarget":"#megamenu","modifierName":"popover--open"}]" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"buttonAnimation":[{"animationType":"none"}]} }' type="button"> </button> <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_site_header-9a161e69" > <a class="coh-inline-element coh-ce-cpt_site_header-b900b83f" href="/" title="CFA Institute Home"> <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 coh-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 " > <div class="coh-block light-title coh-ce-cpt_drupal_blocks-91a01d0a"> <img src="/themes/custom/cfa_base/logo.svg" alt="Home" fetchpriority="high" /> </div> </div> </a> </div> <button class="coh-button coh-style-button coh-ce-cpt_site_header-de9fbb74 coh-interaction" title="Search" data-interaction-modifiers="[{"modifierType":"toggle-modifier","interactionScope":"component","interactionTarget":"#header__search","modifierName":"popover--open"},{"modifierType":"toggle-modifier","interactionScope":"component","interactionTarget":"#mobile-search-button","modifierName":"popover--open"},{"modifierType":"toggle-modifier","interactionScope":"component","modifierName":"popover--open","interactionTarget":"#desktop-search-button"}]" id="mobile-search-button" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"buttonAnimation":[{"animationType":"none"}]} }' type="button"> <span class="coh-inline-element popover--closed coh-style-screen-reader-only">Open Search Overlay</span> <span class="coh-inline-element popover--open coh-style-screen-reader-only">Close Search Overlay</span> </button> <search class="coh-inline-element coh-ce-cpt_site_header-7fbdd3a8" id="header__search"> <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 coh-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 match-height No ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5 coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_container-fe57b20b coh-container-boxed" > <h2 class="coh-heading coh-style-headline-300 coh-style-headline-heavy coh-style-text-inverted coh-ce-cpt_site_header-5cf3ab20" >I'm looking for:</h2> <form class="coh-inline-element masthead__search-container coh-ce-cpt_site_header-6b6b001a" id="coveo-search-form"> <style> atomic-search-box::part(wrapper) { background-color: var(--ssa-color-palette-gray-50); } </style> <atomic-search-interface id="global-search-box" search-hub="CFAI-Site-Search-Hub" pipeline=""> <atomic-search-box redirection-url=/search textarea="false" disable-search="false"> <atomic-search-box-query-suggestions maxWithQuery="" maxWithoutQuery=""> </atomic-search-box-query-suggestions> </atomic-search-box> </atomic-search-interface> </form> <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list coh-style-text-inverted coh-ce-c3377e60"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-680ae03b js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"visible"}' ></li></ul> </div> </div> </search> <a href="https://store.cfainstitute.org/cart.php" class="coh-link coh-ce-cpt_site_header-7b188ccb" title="View my cart" target="_self" > </a> <nav class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_site_header-951dd020" id="megamenu" > <div class="coh-container oidc-mobile coh-ce-cpt_site_header-b07faa38 coh-container-boxed" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_site_header-2b33d301" > <div class="coh-block coh-ce-cpt_site_header-40fd4f75"> <div class="coh-style-flex-container align-items--center coh-style-position-relative oidc-menu"> <div class="coh-style-flex-container align-items--center justify-content--center oidc coh-style-mobile-account-links"> <a href="/Account/Login" class="js--oidc-menu-link coh-link coh-style-link-button-dark coh-style-text-color-dark-background" target="_self">Sign In</a> <a href="/Account/CreateAccount" class="js--oidc-menu-link coh-link coh-style-text-link coh-style-text-color-dark-background" target="_self">Create Account</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-1 coh-ce-a757c86a"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-9f39a733 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"linear","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":0},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationDirection":"up","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDuration":300} }' class="coh-link coh-ce-2793ed5d js-coh-menu-item-link" tabindex="0">Programs</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-2-wrapper coh-ce-7509f1c" aria-role="menu" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-885d08e0 coh-container-boxed" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-2 coh-ce-4eb3061c"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >CFA庐 Program</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cfa-program#overview" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Overview</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cfa-program#career-paths" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Career paths</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cfa-program#curriculum" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Curriculum</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cfa-program#learning-experience" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Learning experience</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cfa-program#fees-calendar" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Fees and calendar</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cfa-program#policies" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Policies</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cfa-program/candidate-resources" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Registered candidate resources</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cfa-program" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-header-button coh-style-link-button-neutral-secondary" >Enroll and register</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Other programs</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cipm" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >CIPM庐 Program</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/climate-investing-cohort" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Climate Risk (Cohort)</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/climate-investing-self-paced" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Climate Risk (Self-paced)</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/data-science-certificate" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Data Science</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/esg-certification" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >ESG Investing</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/investment-foundations-certificate" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Investment Foundations</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/private-equity-certificate" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Private Equity</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/private-markets-alternative-investments-certificate" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Private Markets</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/all-programs" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-link-with-icon" >View all programs</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Learning paths</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/private-markets" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Private markets</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/sustainable-investing" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Sustainability</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/data-science" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Data science</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Program support</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/learning-compass" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Help choosing a program</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/candidate-resources" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >All candidate resources</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/Account/Login" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-header-button coh-style-link-button-neutral-secondary" >Candidate sign in</a></li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-9f39a733 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"linear","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":0},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationDirection":"up","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDuration":300} }' class="coh-link coh-ce-2793ed5d js-coh-menu-item-link" tabindex="0">Membership</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-2-wrapper coh-ce-7509f1c" aria-role="menu" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-885d08e0 coh-container-boxed" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-2 coh-ce-4eb3061c"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Membership</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/membership" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Membership overview</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/membership/benefits" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Membership benefits</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/membership/become-member" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Become a member</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://my.cfainstitute.org/" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-header-button coh-style-link-button-neutral-secondary" >Member sign in</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Network</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/membership/find-cfa-society" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Find a CFA Society庐</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://directory.cfainstitute.org/" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Find a member</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/membership/volunteer-opportunities" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Volunteering</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Career support</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://careers.cfainstitute.org/" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Career center</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/membership/benefits/professional-learning-program" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Professional learning program</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/candidate-resources/share-achievement" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Share your achievements</a></li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-9f39a733 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"linear","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":0},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationDirection":"up","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDuration":300} }' class="coh-link coh-ce-2793ed5d js-coh-menu-item-link" tabindex="0">Insights</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-2-wrapper coh-ce-7509f1c" aria-role="menu" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-885d08e0 coh-container-boxed" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-2 coh-ce-4eb3061c"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Research & Policy Center</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Research and thought leadership</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/en/research/financial-analysts-journal" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Financial Analysts Journal</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/en/research-foundation" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Research Foundation</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/en/blogs-and-podcasts" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Podcasts & blogs</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-header-button coh-style-link-button-neutral-secondary" >Research & Policy Center</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >In Brief</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/articles/careers-professional-development" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Career insights</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/articles/digital-innovation" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Digital innovation</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/articles/first-person" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >First person</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/articles/trends" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Trends</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/articles/esg-sustainability" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >ESG</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/articles" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-link-with-icon" >View all articles</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Events</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/events/upcoming" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Upcoming events</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/events/past" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Past events</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/events/sponsorship" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Event sponsorship</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/events/research-challenge" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Research Challenge</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Learning resources</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/professional-learning" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Professional learning resources</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/professional-learning/refresher-readings" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Refresher readings</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/professional-learning/ethics-resources" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Ethics resources</a></li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-9f39a733 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"linear","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":0},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationDirection":"up","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDuration":300} }' class="coh-link coh-ce-2793ed5d js-coh-menu-item-link" tabindex="0">Standards</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-2-wrapper coh-ce-7509f1c" aria-role="menu" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-885d08e0 coh-container-boxed" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-2 coh-ce-4eb3061c"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Industry standards</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://www.gipsstandards.org/" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >GIPS Standards</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/en/codes-and-standards/diversity-equity-inclusion-codes" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Code</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/en/esg-standards" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >ESG Standards for Investment Products</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/en/policy" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Policy and Advocacy</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/en/codes-and-standards" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-header-button coh-style-link-button-neutral-secondary" >More in Research & Policy Center</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Professional standards</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/standards/professionals/code-ethics-standards" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Code of Ethics and Standards</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/standards/professionals/conduct" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Professional Conduct</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/standards/professionals/conduct/sanctions" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Disciplinary sanctions</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/standards/professionals/conduct/report-misconduct" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Report misconduct</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/standards/professionals" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-link-with-icon" >Learn more </a></li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-9f39a733 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"linear","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":0},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationDirection":"up","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDuration":300} }' class="coh-link coh-ce-2793ed5d js-coh-menu-item-link" tabindex="0">About</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-2-wrapper coh-ce-7509f1c" aria-role="menu" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-885d08e0 coh-container-boxed" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-2 coh-ce-4eb3061c"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >CFA Institute</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/who-we-are" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Who we are</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/history" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Our history</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/press-room" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Press room</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/careers" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Careers</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Governance</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/governance/leadership-team" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Leadership team</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/governance/board" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Board of Governors</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/governance/committees" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Committees and Councils</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/governance/annual-report" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Annual reports</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/governance/policies" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >CFA Institute policies</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/governance" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-link-with-icon" >Learn more</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Customer support</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://help.cfainstitute.org/s/" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Contact us</a></li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div> </div></li></ul> <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_site_header-dc73e60b" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list coh-ce-7e04b7f4"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-33e52a0e js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/business" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"click-through-to-link"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-headline-500 coh-style-link-light coh-ce-1713e4b6 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Business</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-33e52a0e js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/universities" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"click-through-to-link"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-headline-500 coh-style-link-light coh-ce-1713e4b6 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Universities</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-33e52a0e js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/university-students" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"click-through-to-link"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-headline-500 coh-style-link-light coh-ce-1713e4b6 js-coh-menu-item-link" >University students</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </nav> <button class="coh-button coh-style-button coh-ce-cpt_site_header-5510d5fc coh-interaction" data-interaction-modifiers="[{"modifierType":"toggle-modifier","interactionScope":"component","interactionTarget":"#header__search","modifierName":"popover--open"},{"modifierType":"toggle-modifier","interactionScope":"component","interactionTarget":"#mobile-search-button","modifierName":"popover--open"},{"modifierType":"toggle-modifier","interactionScope":"component","interactionTarget":"#desktop-search-button","modifierName":"popover--open"}]" id="desktop-search-button" aria-label="Toggle site search overlay" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"buttonAnimation":[{"animationType":"none"}]} }' type="button"> </button> </div> </div> </header> <div class="coh-container coh-style-focusable-content coh-style-paragraph-100 coh-ce-bfd264e3" id="main-content" > <div class="coh-block"> <div class="coh-container breadcrumbs"> <div class="coh-container-boxed"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol> <li class="coh-style-paragraph-300"> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li class="coh-style-paragraph-300"> <a href="/insights">Insights</a> </li> <li class="coh-style-paragraph-300"> <a href="/insights/professional-learning">Professional learning</a> </li> <li class="coh-style-paragraph-300"> <a href="/insights/professional-learning/refresher-readings">Refresher Readings</a> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-container content-region coh-ce-6d56d4bb" > <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-cfa-base-sitewidealert" class="settings-tray-editable" data-drupal-settingstray="editable"> <div><div data-sitewide-alert></div></div>  <div class="notice bottom-0 js-notice border-top border-warning" id="privacy-banner"> <div class="notice__banner bg-warning-lighter padding-y-sm inner-glow shadow-md"> <div class="coh-container-boxed"> <div class="flex justify-between items-center"> <p class="text-sm" style="margin-bottom: 0;">We're using cookies, but you can turn them off in your browser settings. Otherwise, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Learn more in our <a href="/about/governance/policies/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></p> <button class="reset notice__close-btn margin-left-sm js-notice__hide-control" id="closePrivacyWarning"> <svg class="icon--ch" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <title>Accept</title> <g stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="10"> <line x1="13.5" y1="2.5" x2="2.5" y2="13.5"></line> <line x1="2.5" y1="2.5" x2="13.5" y2="13.5"></line> </g> </svg> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <article > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-de183d70 coh-container-boxed" > <div class="coh-row coh-row-xl coh-row-visible-xl" data-coh-row-match-heights="{"xl":{"target":"none"}}"> <div class="coh-row-inner"> <div class="coh-column coh-ce-32cef895 coh-visible-ps coh-col-ps-12 coh-visible-sm coh-col-sm-8 coh-visible-md coh-col-md-9 coh-visible-xl coh-col-xl-9 coh-col-xl-push-0 coh-col-xl-pull-0 coh-col-xl-offset-0" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-726243fc" > <h1 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-a2bbdfaa-2ba0-45a7-ae1a-772aebb53031 coh-component-instance-a2bbdfaa-2ba0-45a7-ae1a-772aebb53031 coh-style-headline-100 dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-a153cee1ec8fd14e969a81e5b45b716a coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Introduction to Digital Assets </h1> <div class="coh-container coh-ce-b2b3f6f7" > <span class="coh-inline-element ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-64f533e9-f08f-4eec-9dfd-83d57743fa70 coh-component-instance-64f533e9-f08f-4eec-9dfd-83d57743fa70 coh-style-paragraph-100 coh-style-text-color-light-background ssa-instance-d8fb014574d8d825e0dba36b26ec4efd coh-ce-cpt_text-ccc8ea09">2024 Curriculum</span> <span class="coh-inline-element ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-b50ee236-bac3-425f-8f42-d0c4fe13e0c0 coh-component-instance-b50ee236-bac3-425f-8f42-d0c4fe13e0c0 coh-style-paragraph-100 coh-style-text-color-light-background ssa-instance-1fe5bda74cd3881f39bb7e7c94a430ec coh-ce-cpt_text-ccc8ea09">CFA Program Level I</span> <span class="coh-inline-element ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-cf3ac519-0f8d-4ba8-a1a5-3dec4490609e coh-component-instance-cf3ac519-0f8d-4ba8-a1a5-3dec4490609e coh-style-paragraph-100 coh-style-text-color-light-background ssa-instance-293afa7dce045b33a53142b1d93b8ee0 coh-ce-cpt_text-ccc8ea09">Alternative Investments</span> </div> <div class="coh-container coh-ce-ad8de3d" > </div> </div> <div class="coh-row coh-row-xl coh-row-visible-xl" data-coh-row-match-heights="{"xl":{"target":"none"}}"> <div class="coh-row-inner"> <div class="coh-column coh-style-paragraph-100 coh-ce-a586471a coh-visible-ps coh-col-ps-12 coh-col-ps-offset-0 coh-visible-sm coh-col-sm-11 coh-col-sm-offset-0 coh-visible-xl coh-col-xl-11 coh-col-xl-push-0 coh-col-xl-pull-0 coh-col-xl-offset-1" > <div class="coh-container coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg coh-ce-78e56d51" > <div> <article > <h2 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-b88d750f-1727-445c-8b50-7bb2a9cf1782 coh-component-instance-b88d750f-1727-445c-8b50-7bb2a9cf1782 coh-style-headline-300 light-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-7f9d02ef1de5d372d3167853edecb43a coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Refresher reading access </h2> <div class="coh-container coh-ce-4113818b" > <a href="https://study.cfainstitute.org/app/member-access-refresher-readings-2024-cfa-program-level-i#read/section/learning-outcomes-83" class="coh-link coh-style-link-button-color coh-style-text-color-dark-background button--regular coh-style-button-200 coh-ce-9d01de61" target="_self" > Access the Full Reading in the Learning Ecosystem </a> <a href="/system/files/RR_2024_L1V5R17_intro_digital_assets.pdf" class="coh-link coh-style-text-link coh-style-text-color-dark-background coh-ce-c85709f0" target="_self" > Download the full reading (PDF) </a> </div> </article> </div> </div> <h2 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-b04a5144-7fbe-4018-a0a8-824df9f9fca3 coh-component-instance-b04a5144-7fbe-4018-a0a8-824df9f9fca3 coh-style-headline-200 dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-6ddcd1ec45ac4cd3a0b33179da8f4b1b coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > INTRODUCTION </h2> <div>As introduced in Alternatives Learning Module 1, digital assets are a relatively new investment class that covers assets that can be created, stored, and transmitted elec[1]tronically and have associated ownership or use rights. This class includes a wide variety of digital assets, including cryptocurrencies, tokens, and digital collectables. Based on the innovative distributed ledger technology (DLT), or blockchain technology, digital assets utilize advanced encryption techniques that assure the authenticity of digital assets. While cryptocurrencies have their own blockchains, crypto-tokens are built on an existing blockchain. As with other types of alternative investments, digital assets have characteristics distinct from traditional investments. Since the advent of Bitcoin in 2009, when it was a niche concept in the technology world, digital assets have gradually become more mainstream alternative investments for investors worldwide. We will give an overview of the common forms of digital asset investments and discuss the key concepts and pitfalls in this space. Despite their special features and technological characteristics, digital assets offer investors diversification while providing higher expected returns than traditional investments provide. However, their risks are also higher. We will discuss the sources of risks in digital assets to provide a better understanding of this evolving asset class. <br> <br></div> <div class="coh-container coh-ce-b0908b67" > <h2 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-8bf7722c-588e-49df-bbc6-f2a4468e4fab coh-component-instance-8bf7722c-588e-49df-bbc6-f2a4468e4fab coh-style-headline-200 dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-9c9e24bc785dbc1266230332069f0b50 coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > </h2> <div class="coh-container coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg coh-ce-a586471a" > </div> <div class="coh-container coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg" > </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-column coh-ce-726243fc coh-visible-ps coh-col-ps-12 coh-visible-sm coh-col-sm-4 coh-visible-md coh-col-md-3 coh-visible-xl coh-col-xl-3 coh-col-xl-push-0 coh-col-xl-pull-0 coh-col-xl-offset-0" > <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-730e213e-9dd0-4348-9506-2e60e7bada53 coh-component-instance-730e213e-9dd0-4348-9506-2e60e7bada53 pl__root ssa-instance-e6250afb940bcda1abc415018cb07f83 coh-ce-cpt_pl_credit_box-d16946a9" > <h2 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-730e213e-9dd0-4348-9506-2e60e7bada53 coh-component-instance-730e213e-9dd0-4348-9506-2e60e7bada53 coh-style-headline-500 coh-style-headline-heavy coh-style-text-color-light-background align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-f1efdb795868abddb14a80eafa1a675e coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > <span>1.25</span> PL Credit </h2> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-730e213e-9dd0-4348-9506-2e60e7bada53 coh-component-instance-730e213e-9dd0-4348-9506-2e60e7bada53 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md coh-style-paragraph-100 ssa-instance-9654f7f71b6494c6c73f354dd405b6a8 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>If you are a CFA Institute member don鈥檛 forget to record Professional Learning (PL) credit from reading this article.</p> </div> <span class="coh-inline-element plCreditResponse coh-style-notifications coh-ce-cpt_pl_credit_box-443cc08f"></span> <div class="coh-container plCreditLink_container sidebar coh-ce-cpt_pl_credit_box-9c1149bc" > <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-730e213e-9dd0-4348-9506-2e60e7bada53 coh-component-instance-730e213e-9dd0-4348-9506-2e60e7bada53 ssa-instance-ba5410035d061881520dbef06246e5e7 coh-ce-cpt_link-480bb5f4" > <a href="/recordCredits/49276" class="coh-link coh_buttons_item plCreditLink coh-style-link-button-neutral ssa-instance-ba5410035d061881520dbef06246e5e7 coh-ce-cpt_link-5dc08d081 coh-ce-cpt_link-5dc08d08" target="_self" > Record <span>1.25</span> PL Credit </a> </div> <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-730e213e-9dd0-4348-9506-2e60e7bada53 coh-component-instance-730e213e-9dd0-4348-9506-2e60e7bada53 ssa-instance-9af81f7e06fbf0aec299731f18beaa3d coh-ce-cpt_link-480bb5f4" > <a href="https://cpd.cfainstitute.org/continuing-education/summary" class="coh-link coh_buttons_item coh-style-text-link ssa-instance-9af81f7e06fbf0aec299731f18beaa3d coh-ce-cpt_link-5dc08d081 coh-ce-cpt_link-5dc08d08" target="_self" > Manage your credits </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-a0525d85-a8d2-4188-8381-fceef6f4a32f coh-component-instance-a0525d85-a8d2-4188-8381-fceef6f4a32f footer coh-style-footer-dark-theme coh-style-focusable-content" > <div class="coh-container footer__top coh-ce-cpt_site_footer-108f4cf7 coh-container-boxed" > <div class="coh-block"> <div class="footer__navigation-groups"> <nav class="footer__navigation-group" aria-labelledby="CFA Institute-au"> <div id="CFA Institute-au" 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