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title="Qiushi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Qiushi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiushi" title="Qiushi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Qiushi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiushi" title="Qiushi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Qiushi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiushi" title="Qiushi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Qiushi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiushi" title="Qiushi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Qiushi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%82%E6%98%AF" title="求是 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="求是" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3429265#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qiushi&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Qiushi&id=1253804318&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DQiushi%26oldid%3D1253804318"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DQiushi%26oldid%3D1253804318"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div 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title="User:Amigao" data-mw-revid="1253804318"><bdi>Amigao</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Amigao" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Amigao">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Amigao" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Amigao">contribs</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">00:15, 28 October 2024</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#History">→<bdi dir="ltr">History</bdi></a>: </span> additional context and citation)</span></span>. The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this version.</b></p><div id="revision-info-current-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 00:15, 28 October 2024 by <a href="/wiki/User:Amigao" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Amigao" data-mw-revid="1253804318"><bdi>Amigao</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Amigao" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Amigao">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Amigao" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Amigao">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#History">→<bdi dir="ltr">History</bdi></a>: </span> additional context and citation)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Qiushi&diff=prev&oldid=1253804318" title="Qiushi">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qiushi&direction=prev&oldid=1253804318" title="Qiushi">← Previous revision</a> | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese Communist Party publication</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><i>Qiushi Journal</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Qiushi_Magazine.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/Qiushi_Magazine.png/220px-Qiushi_Magazine.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/97/Qiushi_Magazine.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="332" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Categories</th><td class="infobox-data">Magazine of political theory</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Bi-Weekly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data">Qiushi Magazine Agency</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First issue</th><td class="infobox-data">July 1, 1988<span class="noprint">; 36 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1988-07-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qstheory.cn/">www<wbr />.qstheory<wbr />.cn</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3429265#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1674-7569">1674-7569</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780929465">780929465</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Qiushi</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">求是</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Qiúshì</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Seeking Truth') is the leading official <a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">theoretical</a> <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">journal</a> and <a href="/wiki/News_magazine" title="News magazine">news magazine</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP), published <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bi-monthly" class="extiw" title="wikt:bi-monthly">bi-monthly</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Party_School_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Party School</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a>. The journal is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The publication aims to publicize the CCP's governing philosophy. According to its English language version, "about 60%" of the articles published in the journal are written by <a href="/wiki/Party_and_state_leaders" title="Party and state leaders">party and state leaders</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP general secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> and senior officials at the ministerial and provincial levels. Contributors also include scholars and researchers of China's <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tanks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Academic_institution" title="Academic institution">academic institutions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reflecting the official positions of the CCP and its leaders, the journal aims to "educate and guide the whole party to consciously maintain a high degree of consistency with the CCP Central Committee in ideological and political actions."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qiushi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In light of China's changing political climate, the CCP sought to distance itself from the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, favoring instead a policy of <a href="/wiki/Reform_and_Opening" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform and Opening">Reform and Opening</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-beijingnews_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beijingnews-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qiushi's more Cultural Revolution-oriented, <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Maoist</a> predecessor, <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Flag_(magazine)" title="Red Flag (magazine)">Red Flag</a></i>, stopped publishing with its final issues coming out in June 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quishi was first published in July 1988 as a more reform-oriented voice for the CCP. The title originates from the quote <i>shí shì qiú shì</i> (实事求是), which means "<a href="/wiki/Seek_truth_from_facts" title="Seek truth from facts">seeking truth from facts</a>." The journal's logo was handwritten by former CCP leader, <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-about_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Qiushi</i> established its website on 1 July 2009. On 1 October 2009, an English-language edition of the journal was introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-about_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qiushi Online, the journal's English language website, uses materials from both the Chinese and English versions of the journal to "introduce the CPC's theories, policies, and practical experience in national governance to a domestic and foreign audience."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2015, <i>Qiushi</i> published an article by Xu Lan, an official from the publicity office of <a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang Province</a>, criticizing university professors for "spreading <a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western values</a> among Chinese youth."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 February 2020, <i>Qiushi</i> documented <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>'s January 7 order regarding the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 outbreak</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP Politburo Standing Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, on 11 October 2020, <i>Qiushi</i> published an article by Xi Jinping titled "Opening Up New Frontiers for Marxist Political Economy in Contemporary China," in which he quotes <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> economist <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Piketty" title="Thomas Piketty">Thomas Picketty's</a> work as justification for China's current <a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">socialist</a> system in regards to <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">income inequality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Distribution_of_wealth" title="Distribution of wealth">wealth inequality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, Taiwan's <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Affairs_Council" title="Mainland Affairs Council">Mainland Affairs Council</a> banned its citizens from working at the <i>Qiushi</i> due to national security concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qiushi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The magazine publishes articles by the top leaders of China, although most of the writing is done by secretaries and drafting teams.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The magazine is of particular interest to <a href="/wiki/Sinology" title="Sinology">sinologists</a> and China scholars since it is a useful collection of speeches and articles by top CCP leaders, giving a useful indication of the general policy direction of the CCP and to some extent general attitudes within the party on certain issues of national and international importance.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qiushi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Qiushi</i> is published by the Qiushi Magazine Agency, a deputy-ministerial-level institution.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qiushi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output 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href="/w/index.php?title=Qiushi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wGA4o-UhAfgC&pg=PA1141"><i>Europa World Year</i></a>. Taylor & Francis Group. 2004. p. 1142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-254-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-254-1"><bdi>978-1-85743-254-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europa+World+Year&rft.pages=1142&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-254-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwGA4o-UhAfgC%26pg%3DPA1141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQiushi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.qstheory.cn/about/201109/t20110919_110860.htm">"About Qiushi Journal"</a>. <i>english.qstheory.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216124459/http://english.qstheory.cn/about/201109/t20110919_110860.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.qstheory.cn&rft.atitle=About+Qiushi+Journal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.qstheory.cn%2Fabout%2F201109%2Ft20110919_110860.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQiushi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/qs/2020-07/31/c_1126305988.htm">"贯彻落实新时代党的组织路线不断把党建设得更加坚强有力 - 求是网"</a>. <i>www.qstheory.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509054348/http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/qs/2020-07/31/c_1126305988.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.qstheory.cn&rft.atitle=%E8%B4%AF%E5%BD%BB%E8%90%BD%E5%AE%9E%E6%96%B0%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E5%85%9A%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E8%B7%AF%E7%BA%BF+%E4%B8%8D%E6%96%AD%E6%8A%8A%E5%85%9A%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E5%BE%97%E6%9B%B4%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%9A%E5%BC%BA%E6%9C%89%E5%8A%9B+-+%E6%B1%82%E6%98%AF%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qstheory.cn%2Fdukan%2Fqs%2F2020-07%2F31%2Fc_1126305988.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQiushi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beijingnews-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-beijingnews_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebeijingnews.com/news/reform30/2008/05-30/018110555.htm">"Reform"</a>. <i>Beijing News</i>. 30 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Beijing+News&rft.atitle=Reform&rft.date=2008-05-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebeijingnews.com%2Fnews%2Freform30%2F2008%2F05-30%2F018110555.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQiushi" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-05-01-mn-3384-story.html">"China to Furl Red Flag, Its Maoist Theoretical Journal"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 1 May 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306100644/http://articles.latimes.com/1988-05-01/news/mn-3384_1_red-flag">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=China+to+Furl+Red+Flag%2C+Its+Maoist+Theoretical+Journal&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1988-05-01-mn-3384-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQiushi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Latham2007" class="citation book cs1">Kevin Latham (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-FXgS93rYv4C&pg=PA153"><i>Pop Culture China!: Media, Arts, and Lifestyle</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-582-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-582-7"><bdi>978-1-85109-582-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170325150654/https://books.google.com/books?id=-FXgS93rYv4C&pg=PA153">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pop+Culture+China%21%3A+Media%2C+Arts%2C+and+Lifestyle&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-582-7&rft.au=Kevin+Latham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-FXgS93rYv4C%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQiushi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-about_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.qstheory.cn/about/201109/t20110919_110860.htm">"About Qiushi Journal"</a>. <i>Qiushi Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216124459/http://english.qstheory.cn/about/201109/t20110919_110860.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Qiushi+Journal&rft.atitle=About+Qiushi+Journal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.qstheory.cn%2Fabout%2F201109%2Ft20110919_110860.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQiushi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.qstheory.cn/2020-06/16/c_461019.htm">"Introduction to Qiushi Online"</a>. <i>en.qstheory.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201207030537/http://en.qstheory.cn/2020-06/16/c_461019.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.qstheory.cn&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+Qiushi+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.qstheory.cn%2F2020-06%2F16%2Fc_461019.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQiushi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1690843/professors-western-ideas-defame-nation">"China Communist Party magazine blasts professors who spread 'Western values'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a></i>. 25 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207084616/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1690843/professors-western-ideas-defame-nation">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=China+Communist+Party+magazine+blasts+professors+who+spread+%27Western+values%27&rft.date=2015-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Farticle%2F1690843%2Fprofessors-western-ideas-defame-nation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQiushi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/15/world/asia/coronavirus-china-live-updates.html">"U.S. Says It will Evacuate Americans from Cruise Ship"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 15 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200414160411/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/15/world/asia/coronavirus-china-live-updates.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Says+It+will+Evacuate+Americans+from+Cruise+Ship&rft.date=2020-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F02%2F15%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fcoronavirus-china-live-updates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQiushi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJinping2020" class="citation web cs1">Jinping, Xi (11 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.qstheory.cn/2020-11/08/c_560906.htm">"Opening Up New Frontiers for Marxist Political Economy in Contemporary China"</a>. <i>Qiushi</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205050016/http://en.qstheory.cn/2020-11/08/c_560906.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Qiushi&rft.atitle=Opening+Up+New+Frontiers+for+Marxist+Political+Economy+in+Contemporary+China&rft.date=2020-10-11&rft.aulast=Jinping&rft.aufirst=Xi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.qstheory.cn%2F2020-11%2F08%2Fc_560906.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQiushi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2024/01/09/2003811823">"MAC expands list of banned China postings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Times" title="Taipei Times">Taipei Times</a></i>. 9 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=MAC+expands+list+of+banned+China+postings&rft.date=2024-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffront%2Farchives%2F2024%2F01%2F09%2F2003811823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQiushi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://focustaiwan.tw/cross-strait/202405030001">"Taiwan bans its citizens from working for China's Confucius Institutes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Focus_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Focus Taiwan">Focus Taiwan</a></i>. 3 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240503183553/https://focustaiwan.tw/cross-strait/202405030001">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Focus+Taiwan&rft.atitle=Taiwan+bans+its+citizens+from+working+for+China%27s+Confucius+Institutes&rft.date=2024-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffocustaiwan.tw%2Fcross-strait%2F202405030001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQiushi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asiasociety.org/policy-institute/decoding-chinese-politics?policy=party-center&group=organizations&size=rank&connection=personal">"Decoding Chinese Politics: Party Center"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Asia_Society" title="Asia Society">Asia Society</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asia+Society&rft.atitle=Decoding+Chinese+Politics%3A+Party+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasiasociety.org%2Fpolicy-institute%2Fdecoding-chinese-politics%3Fpolicy%3Dparty-center%26group%3Dorganizations%26size%3Drank%26connection%3Dpersonal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQiushi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLams2018" class="citation journal cs1">Lams, Lutgard (September 2018). "Examining Strategic Narratives in Chinese Official Discourse under Xi Jinping". <i>Journal of Chinese Political Science</i>. <b>23</b> (3): 387–411. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11366-018-9529-8">10.1007/s11366-018-9529-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1080-6954">1080-6954</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158544461">158544461</a>.</cite><span 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id="20px&#124;link=Emblem_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Chinese_Communist_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Emblem of the Chinese Communist Party"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Danghui_golden.svg/20px-Danghui_golden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Danghui_golden.svg/30px-Danghui_golden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Danghui_golden.svg/40px-Danghui_golden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Chinese Communist Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Central Committee</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Leader</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Duxiu" title="Chen Duxiu">Chen Duxiu</a> (1921–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Zhongfa" title="Xiang Zhongfa">Xiang Zhongfa</a> (1928–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Gu" title="Bo Gu">Bo Gu</a> (1931–1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Wentian" title="Zhang Wentian">Zhang Wentian</a> (1935–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> (1943–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a> (1976–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Yaobang" title="Hu Yaobang">Hu Yaobang</a> (1981–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a> (1989–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a> (2002–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> (2012–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Decision-making bodies</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Departments</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Publicity Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="International Department of the Chinese Communist Party">International Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Work_Department" title="Social Work Department">Social Work Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission">Political and Legal Affairs Commission</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Directly administered</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Office of the Chinese Communist Party">General Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Office of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">Office of the General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Bureau" title="Central Guard Bureau">Central Guard Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Regiment" title="Central Guard Regiment">Central Guard Unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_of_State_Secrets_Protection" title="National Administration of State Secrets Protection">Secrecy Office</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Cryptography_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Cryptography Administration (page does not exist)">Cryptography Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Administration_of_China" title="National Archives Administration of China">Central Archives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Policy_Research_Office" title="Central Policy Research Office">Policy Research Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Commissions<br />for co-ordination</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Auditing_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Auditing Committee (page does not exist)">Auditing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms_Commission" title="Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission">Comprehensively Deepening Reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Comprehensively_Law-Based_Governance_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Comprehensively Law-Based Governance Commission (page does not exist)">Comprehensively Law-Based Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_Commission" title="Central Financial Commission">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Financial and Economic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Cyberspace_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission">Cyberspace Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace_Administration_of_China" title="Cyberspace Administration of China">Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Science_and_Technology_Commission" title="Central Science and Technology Commission">Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guidance_Commission_on_Building_Spiritual_Civilization" title="Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization">Spiritual Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Institutional_Organization_Commission" title="Central Institutional Organization Commission">Institutional Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Public_Sector_Reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of Public Sector Reform (page does not exist)">Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Secrecy_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Secrecy Commission (page does not exist)">Secrecy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_for_the_Protection_of_State_Secrets" class="mw-redirect" title="National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets">Office</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Dispatched institutions<br />for co-ordination</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Working_Committee_of_Central_and_State_Organs" title="Working Committee of Central and State Organs">Working Committee of Central and State Organs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_Work_Commission" title="Central Financial Work Commission">Central Financial Work Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Liaison_Office" title="Hong Kong Liaison Office">Hong Kong Work Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Liaison_Office" title="Macau Liaison Office">Macau Work Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security">Office for Safeguarding National Security</a> in Hong Kong</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Leading_small_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading small group"><span style="color: white">Leading groups</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Leading_Group_for_Cryptography_Work&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Leading Group for Cryptography Work (page does not exist)">Cryptography Work</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Cryptography_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Cryptography Administration (page does not exist)">Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Leading_Group_for_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Leading Group for Education (page does not exist)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Rural_Work_Leading_Group" title="Central Rural Work Leading Group">Rural Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Inspection_Work" title="Central Leading Group for Inspection Work">Inspection Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Military_Reform" title="Central Leading Group for Military Reform">Military Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Propaganda,_Ideology_and_Culture" title="Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture">Propaganda, Ideology and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Taiwan_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs">Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_on_Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs">Hong Kong and Macau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office">Office</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Party_School_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Party School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Governance" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Academy of Governance">Chinese Academy of Governance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Party_History_and_Literature" title="Institute of Party History and Literature">Institute of Party History and Literature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Qiushi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guangming_Daily" title="Guangming Daily">Guangming Daily</a></i></li> <li>Executive Leadership Academies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Executive_Leadership_Academy_in_Pudong" class="mw-redirect" title="China Executive Leadership Academy in Pudong">Pudong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Executive_Leadership_Academy_in_Yan%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Executive Leadership Academy in Yan'an (page does not exist)">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Executive_Leadership_Academy_in_Jinggangshan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Executive Leadership Academy in Jinggangshan (page does not exist)">Jinggangshan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">National Congress</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">1st (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="2nd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">2nd (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="3rd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">3rd (1923)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="4th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">4th (1925)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="5th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">5th (1927)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="6th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">6th (1928)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="7th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">7th (1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="8th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">8th (1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">9th (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="10th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">10th (1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="11th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">11th (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="12th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">12th (1982)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="13th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">13th (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">14th (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">15th (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">16th (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">17th (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">18th (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">19th (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">20th (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;">Leadership sittings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Elected by the<br />Central Committee</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Politburo Standing Committee</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4th_Central_Bureau_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="4th Central Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party">4th: 1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="5th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">5th: 1927–1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="6th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">6th: 1928–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="7th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">7th: 1945–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="8th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="9th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">9th: 1969–1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="10th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">10th: 1973–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="11th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">11th: 1977–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="12th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="13th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="15th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Politburo</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Central_Leading_Organisation_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="3rd Central Leading Organisation of the Chinese Communist Party">3rd: 1923–1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Central_Bureau_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="4th Central Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party">4th: 1925–1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="5th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">5th: 1927–1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="6th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">6th: 1928–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="7th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">7th: 1945–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="8th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="9th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">9th: 1969–1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="10th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">10th: 1973–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="11th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">11th: 1977–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="13th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)"><span style="color: white">Military Commission</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Central_Revolutionary_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">7th: 1945–1949 & 1954–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">9th: 1969–1973</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">10th: 1973–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">11th: 1977–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=16th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=17th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="17th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=18th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="18th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=19th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="19th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=20th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Approved by the<br />Central Committee</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Secretariat</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="8th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="11th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">11th: 1980–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="12th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="13th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="15th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection"><span style="color: white">CCDI Standing Committee</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium_of_the_7th_Central_Supervisory_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidium of the 7th Central Supervisory Commission (page does not exist)">7th 1949–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium_of_the_8th_Central_Supervisory_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidium of the 8th Central Supervisory Commission (page does not exist)">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Committee_of_the_11th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Committee of the 11th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">11th: 1978–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Committee_of_the_12th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Committee of the 12th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Committee_of_the_13th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Committee of the 13th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Committee_of_the_14th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Committee of the 14th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_15th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 15th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_16th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 16th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Committee_of_the_17th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Committee of the 17th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_18th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_19th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection"><span style="color: white">CCDI Secretary</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_De" title="Zhu De">Zhu De</a> (1949–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Biwu" title="Dong Biwu">Dong Biwu</a> (1955–68)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a> (1978–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Shi" title="Qiao Shi">Qiao Shi</a> (1987–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Jianxing" title="Wei Jianxing">Wei Jianxing</a> (1992–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Guanzheng" title="Wu Guanzheng">Wu Guanzheng</a> (2002–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Guoqiang" title="He Guoqiang">He Guoqiang</a> (2007–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Qishan" title="Wang Qishan">Wang Qishan</a> (2012–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a> (2017–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Secretary General of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Secretary General of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;">Elected by<br />National Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Central Committee</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Central_Bureau_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="1st Central Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party">1st: 1921–1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="2nd Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">2nd: 1922–1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="3rd Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">3rd: 1923–1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="4th Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">4th: 1925–1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="5th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">5th: 1927–1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="6th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">6th: 1928–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="7th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">7th: 1945–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="8th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="9th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">9th: 1969–1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="10th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">10th: 1973–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">11th: 1977–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Central Commission for Discipline Inspection"><span style="color: white">Discipline Inspection</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5th_Central_Supervisory_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5th Central Supervisory Commission (page does not exist)">5th: 1927–1928</a></li> <li>6th: <a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Central_Review_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Central Review Committee (page does not exist)">1928–1933</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Party_Affairs_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Party Affairs Commission (page does not exist)">1933–1945</a></li> <li>7th: <a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">1949–1955</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Central_Supervisory_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Central Supervisory Commission (page does not exist)">1955–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Central_Supervisory_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Central Supervisory Commission (page does not exist)">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">11th: 1978–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">15th: 1997–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="16th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="17th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wider_organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wider organisation (page does not exist)"><span style="color: white">Wider organisation</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia (China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Youth_League_of_China" title="Communist Youth League of China">Communist Youth League of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Pioneers_of_China" title="Young Pioneers of China">Young Pioneers of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front (China)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_organization" title="People's organization">People's organization</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Ideologies</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong_Thought" class="mw-redirect" title="Mao Zedong Thought">Mao Zedong Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping_Theory" title="Deng Xiaoping Theory">Deng Xiaoping Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Represents" title="Three Represents">Three Represents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Outlook_on_Development" title="Scientific Outlook on Development">Scientific Outlook on Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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