CINXE.COM
Ethnologue, Languages of the World
<html> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("http://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.ethnologue.com:80/","20030211132931","http://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1044970171"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <title> Ethnologue, Languages of the World </title> <meta name="Keywords" content="Ethnologue, Languages of the World, SIL, Summer Institute of Linguistics"> <meta name="Description" content="Home page of ethnologue.com, a searchable database of language resources."> <script language="javascript"> <!-- web_off = new Image(); web_off.src = "images/home_web.jpg"; web_on = new Image(); web_on.src = "images/home_web-over.jpg"; print_off = new Image(); print_off.src = "images/home_print.jpg"; print_on = new Image(); print_on.src = "images/home_print-over.jpg"; //--> </script> <script language="javascript"> <!-- function swapImage(targetImage, newImageSrc) { if(document.images) { if (targetImage && targetImage.src) { targetImage.src = newImageSrc; } } } function preloadImages() { var loadedImages = new Array; for (i=0; i < preloadImages.arguments.length; i++) { loadedImages[i] = new Image(); loadedImages[i].src = preloadImages.arguments[i]; } } function MM_findObj(n, d) { //v4.01 var p,i,x; if(!d) d=document; if((p=n.indexOf("?"))>0&&parent.frames.length) { d=parent.frames[n.substring(p+1)].document; n=n.substring(0,p);} if(!(x=d[n])&&d.all) x=d.all[n]; for (i=0;!x&&i<d.forms.length;i++) x=d.forms[i][n]; for(i=0;!x&&d.layers&&i<d.layers.length;i++) x=MM_findObj(n,d.layers[i].document); if(!x && d.getElementById) x=d.getElementById(n); return x; } function MM_swapImage() { //v3.0 var i,j=0,x,a=MM_swapImage.arguments; document.MM_sr=new Array; for(i=0;i<(a.length-2);i+=3) if ((x=MM_findObj(a[i]))!=null){document.MM_sr[j++]=x; if(!x.oSrc) x.oSrc=x.src; x.src=a[i+2];} } function MM_swapImgRestore() { //v3.0 var i,x,a=document.MM_sr; for(i=0;a&&i<a.length&&(x=a[i])&&x.oSrc;i++) x.src=x.oSrc; } function MM_nbGroup(event, grpName) { //v6.0 var i,img,nbArr,args=MM_nbGroup.arguments; if (event == "init" && args.length > 2) { if ((img = MM_findObj(args[2])) != null && !img.MM_init) { img.MM_init = true; img.MM_up = args[3]; img.MM_dn = img.src; if ((nbArr = document[grpName]) == null) nbArr = document[grpName] = new Array(); nbArr[nbArr.length] = img; for (i=4; i < args.length-1; i+=2) if ((img = MM_findObj(args[i])) != null) { if (!img.MM_up) img.MM_up = img.src; img.src = img.MM_dn = args[i+1]; nbArr[nbArr.length] = img; } } } else if (event == "over") { document.MM_nbOver = nbArr = new Array(); for (i=1; i < args.length-1; i+=3) if ((img = MM_findObj(args[i])) != null) { if (!img.MM_up) img.MM_up = img.src; img.src = (img.MM_dn && args[i+2]) ? args[i+2] : ((args[i+1])?args[i+1] : img.MM_up); nbArr[nbArr.length] = img; } } else if (event == "out" ) { for (i=0; i < document.MM_nbOver.length; i++) { img = document.MM_nbOver[i]; img.src = (img.MM_dn) ? img.MM_dn : img.MM_up; } } else if (event == "down") { nbArr = document[grpName]; if (nbArr) for (i=0; i < nbArr.length; i++) { img=nbArr[i]; img.src = img.MM_up; img.MM_dn = 0; } document[grpName] = nbArr = new Array(); for (i=2; i < args.length-1; i+=2) if ((img = MM_findObj(args[i])) != null) { if (!img.MM_up) img.MM_up = img.src; img.src = img.MM_dn = (args[i+1])? args[i+1] : img.MM_up; nbArr[nbArr.length] = img; } } } function MM_preloadImages() { //v3.0 var d=document; if(d.images){ if(!d.MM_p) d.MM_p=new Array(); var i,j=d.MM_p.length,a=MM_preloadImages.arguments; for(i=0; i<a.length; i++) if (a[i].indexOf("#")!=0){ d.MM_p[j]=new Image; d.MM_p[j++].src=a[i];}} } function mmLoadMenus() { if (window.mm_menu_0516165129_0) return; window.mm_menu_0516165129_0_1_1 = new Menu("Browse",150,20,"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif",11,"#006699","#999966","#ffffff","#ffffff","left","middle",0,0,1000,-5,13,true,true,true,4,false,false); mm_menu_0516165129_0_1_1.addMenuItem("Country Index","location='/country_index.asp'"); mm_menu_0516165129_0_1_1.addMenuItem("Language Codes","location='/language_code_index.asp'"); mm_menu_0516165129_0_1_1.addMenuItem("Language Families","location='/family_index.asp'"); mm_menu_0516165129_0_1_1.addMenuItem("Language Names","location='/language_index.asp'"); mm_menu_0516165129_0_1_1.hideOnMouseOut=true; mm_menu_0516165129_0_1_1.menuBorder=1; mm_menu_0516165129_0_1_1.menuLiteBgColor='#ffffff'; mm_menu_0516165129_0_1_1.menuBorderBgColor='#006699'; mm_menu_0516165129_0_1_1.bgColor='#00659c'; window.mm_menu_0516165129_0_1 = new Menu("Web Version",150,20,"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif",11,"#006699","#999966","#ffffff","#ffffff","left","middle",0,0,1000,-5,13,true,true,true,4,false,false); mm_menu_0516165129_0_1.addMenuItem("Overview","location='/ethno_docs/contents.asp'"); mm_menu_0516165129_0_1.addMenuItem(mm_menu_0516165129_0_1_1); mm_menu_0516165129_0_1.addMenuItem("Search the Ethnologue","location='/search_db.asp#se'"); mm_menu_0516165129_0_1.addMenuItem("Feedback","location='/ethno_docs/feedback.asp'"); mm_menu_0516165129_0_1.hideOnMouseOut=true; mm_menu_0516165129_0_1.childMenuIcon="/images/arrows.gif"; mm_menu_0516165129_0_1.menuBorder=1; mm_menu_0516165129_0_1.menuLiteBgColor='#ffffff'; mm_menu_0516165129_0_1.menuBorderBgColor='#006699'; mm_menu_0516165129_0_1.bgColor='#00659c'; window.mm_menu_0516165129_0 = new Menu("root",150,20,"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif",11,"#006699","#999966","#ffffff","#ffffff","left","middle",0,0,1000,-5,13,true,true,true,4,false,false); mm_menu_0516165129_0.addMenuItem(mm_menu_0516165129_0_1,"location='/web.asp'"); mm_menu_0516165129_0.addMenuItem("CD ROM and Print Version","location='/print.asp'"); mm_menu_0516165129_0.hideOnMouseOut=true; mm_menu_0516165129_0.childMenuIcon="/images/arrows.gif"; mm_menu_0516165129_0.menuBorder=1; mm_menu_0516165129_0.menuLiteBgColor='#ffffff'; mm_menu_0516165129_0.menuBorderBgColor='#006699'; mm_menu_0516165129_0.bgColor='#00659c'; window.mm_menu_0516165638_1_1 = new Menu("Browse",150,20,"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif",11,"#006699","#999966","#ffffff","#ffffff","left","middle",0,0,1000,-5,13,true,true,true,4,false,false); mm_menu_0516165638_1_1.addMenuItem("Authors","location='/author_index.asp'"); mm_menu_0516165638_1_1.addMenuItem("Countries","location='/country_index_bibl.asp'"); mm_menu_0516165638_1_1.addMenuItem("Serials","location='/serials_index.asp'"); mm_menu_0516165638_1_1.addMenuItem("Subjects","location='/subject_index.asp'"); mm_menu_0516165638_1_1.hideOnMouseOut=true; mm_menu_0516165638_1_1.menuBorder=1; mm_menu_0516165638_1_1.menuLiteBgColor='#ffffff'; mm_menu_0516165638_1_1.menuBorderBgColor='#006699'; mm_menu_0516165638_1_1.bgColor='#00659c'; window.mm_menu_0516165638_1 = new Menu("root",150,20,"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif",11,"#006699","#999966","#ffffff","#ffffff","left","middle",0,0,1000,-5,13,true,true,true,4,false,false); mm_menu_0516165638_1.addMenuItem("Overview","location='/biblio_docs/biblio_intro.asp'"); mm_menu_0516165638_1.addMenuItem(mm_menu_0516165638_1_1); mm_menu_0516165638_1.addMenuItem("Search the Bibliography","location='/search_db.asp#sb'"); mm_menu_0516165638_1.hideOnMouseOut=true; mm_menu_0516165638_1.childMenuIcon="/images/arrows.gif"; mm_menu_0516165638_1.menuBorder=1; mm_menu_0516165638_1.menuLiteBgColor='#ffffff'; mm_menu_0516165638_1.menuBorderBgColor='#006699'; mm_menu_0516165638_1.bgColor='#00659c'; window.mm_menu_0517095627_2_1 = new Menu("Browse",179,20,"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif",11,"#006699","#999966","#ffffff","#ffffff","left","middle",0,0,1000,-5,13,true,true,true,4,false,false); mm_menu_0517095627_2_1.addMenuItem("Authors","location='/bookstore_index.asp?by=auth'"); mm_menu_0517095627_2_1.addMenuItem("Categories","location='/bookstore_index.asp?by=cat'"); mm_menu_0517095627_2_1.addMenuItem("Titles","location='/show_catalog.asp?by=all'"); mm_menu_0517095627_2_1.hideOnMouseOut=true; mm_menu_0517095627_2_1.menuBorder=1; mm_menu_0517095627_2_1.menuLiteBgColor='#ffffff'; mm_menu_0517095627_2_1.menuBorderBgColor='#006699'; mm_menu_0517095627_2_1.bgColor='#00659c'; window.mm_menu_0517095627_2 = new Menu("root",179,20,"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif",11,"#006699","#999966","#ffffff","#ffffff","left","middle",0,0,1000,-5,13,true,true,true,4,false,false); mm_menu_0517095627_2.addMenuItem(mm_menu_0517095627_2_1); mm_menu_0517095627_2.addMenuItem("Serial Publications and Journals","location='/bookstore/journals_series.asp'"); mm_menu_0517095627_2.addMenuItem("On-line Publications","location='/bookstore/web_pubs.asp'"); mm_menu_0517095627_2.addMenuItem("Search Publications Catalog","location='/search_db.asp#sp'"); mm_menu_0517095627_2.addMenuItem("Contact the Bookstore","location='/info.asp#contact'"); mm_menu_0517095627_2.hideOnMouseOut=true; mm_menu_0517095627_2.childMenuIcon="/images/arrows.gif"; mm_menu_0517095627_2.menuBorder=1; mm_menu_0517095627_2.menuLiteBgColor='#ffffff'; mm_menu_0517095627_2.menuBorderBgColor='#006699'; mm_menu_0517095627_2.bgColor='#00659c'; window.mm_menu_0517100336_3 = new Menu("root",150,20,"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif",11,"#006699","#999966","#ffffff","#ffffff","left","middle",0,0,1000,-5,13,true,true,true,4,false,false); mm_menu_0517100336_3.addMenuItem("Overview","location='/LL_docs/ll_intro.asp'"); mm_menu_0517100336_3.addMenuItem("LinguaLinks Library","location='/LL_docs/contents.asp'"); mm_menu_0517100336_3.addMenuItem("LinguaLinks Workshops","location='/LL_docs/LingWksh.asp'"); mm_menu_0517100336_3.addMenuItem("Technical Support","location='/LL_docs/techsup.asp'"); mm_menu_0517100336_3.hideOnMouseOut=true; mm_menu_0517100336_3.menuBorder=1; mm_menu_0517100336_3.menuLiteBgColor='#ffffff'; mm_menu_0517100336_3.menuBorderBgColor='#006699'; mm_menu_0517100336_3.bgColor='#00659c'; window.mm_menu_0517104126_4 = new Menu("root",100,20,"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif",11,"#006699","#999966","#ffffff","#ffffff","left","middle",0,0,1000,-5,13,true,true,true,4,false,false); mm_menu_0517104126_4.addMenuItem("Overview","location='/tools_docs/tools_intro.asp'"); mm_menu_0517104126_4.addMenuItem("LinguaLinks","location='/LL_docs/LL_intro.asp'"); mm_menu_0517104126_4.addMenuItem("Shoebox","location='/tools_docs/shoebox.asp'"); mm_menu_0517104126_4.addMenuItem("Software Catalog","window.open('http://web.archive.org/web/20030211132931/http://www.sil.org/computing/catalog/', '_blank');"); mm_menu_0517104126_4.addMenuItem("SIL Fonts","location='/tools_docs/fonts.asp'"); mm_menu_0517104126_4.hideOnMouseOut=true; mm_menu_0517104126_4.menuBorder=1; mm_menu_0517104126_4.menuLiteBgColor='#ffffff'; mm_menu_0517104126_4.menuBorderBgColor='#006699'; mm_menu_0517104126_4.bgColor='#00659c'; window.mm_menu_0517104447_5 = new Menu("root",100,20,"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif",11,"#006699","#999966","#ffffff","#ffffff","left","middle",0,0,1000,-5,13,true,true,true,4,false,false); mm_menu_0517104447_5.addMenuItem("Overview","location='/info.asp'"); mm_menu_0517104447_5.addMenuItem("Policies","location='/policies.asp'"); mm_menu_0517104447_5.addMenuItem("Contact Us","location='/info.asp#contact'"); mm_menu_0517104447_5.hideOnMouseOut=true; mm_menu_0517104447_5.menuBorder=1; mm_menu_0517104447_5.menuLiteBgColor='#ffffff'; mm_menu_0517104447_5.menuBorderBgColor='#006699'; mm_menu_0517104447_5.bgColor='#00659c'; mm_menu_0517104447_5.writeMenus(); } // mmLoadMenus() //--> </script> <script language="JavaScript1.2" src="/web/20030211132931js_/http://www.ethnologue.com/mm_menu.js"></script> <style type="text/css"> BODY { background-color: #FFFFFF; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-serif } H1 { text-align: center } CAPTION { font-weight: bold } .menu_item { padding-left: 15pt; font: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif } .foot { FONT FACE: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; FONT SIZE: 1; padding-bottom: 8pt; margin-bottom: 4pt } .details { FONT SIZE: smaller } TH { color: #808080 } </style> </head> <body> <div align="center"> <table width="600"> <tr> <td valign="TOP"><img src="/web/20030211132931im_/http://www.ethnologue.com/images/faces.jpg" width="197" height="199" border="0" alt="A world of languages!"></td> <td valign="MIDDLE" align="CENTER"> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5" color="#999999">SIL International presents...</font><br> <img src="/web/20030211132931im_/http://www.ethnologue.com/images/ethnogrand.gif" width="229" height="62" alt="Ethnologue"><br> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5" color="#999999">Languages of the world<br> and a whole lot more!</font><br> <table width="108" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" height="18"> <tr> <td><a href="web.asp" onmouseover="swapImage(home_web,'images/home_web-over.jpg')" onmouseout="swapImage(home_web,'images/home_web.jpg')"> <img name="home_web" src="/web/20030211132931im_/http://www.ethnologue.com/images/home_web.jpg" width="154" height="29" border="0" alt="Search the web version"> </a> </td> <td><a href="print.asp" onmouseover="swapImage(home_print,'images/home_print-over.jpg')" onmouseout="swapImage(home_print,'images/home_print.jpg')"> <img name="home_print" src="/web/20030211132931im_/http://www.ethnologue.com/images/home_print.jpg" width="154" height="29" border="0" alt="CD ROM and print version"> </a> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="570" background="/web/20030211132931im_/http://www.ethnologue.com/images/bar_sepia.gif" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td align="LEFT" valign="BOTTOM" class="sepia_bar" width="30"> </td> <td align="LEFT" valign="BOTTOM" class="sepia_bar" width="190"><a href="bookstore.asp" onmouseover="swapImage(home_pubs,'images/home_pubs-over.jpg')" onmouseout="swapImage(home_pubs,'images/home_pubs.jpg')"><img name="home_pubs" src="/web/20030211132931im_/http://www.ethnologue.com/images/home_pubs.jpg" width="120" height="33" border="0" alt="Go to publications"></a></td> <td align="LEFT" valign="BOTTOM" class="sepia_bar" width="190"><a href="tools.asp" onmouseover="swapImage(home_software,'images/home_software-over.jpg')" onmouseout="swapImage(home_software,'images/home_software.jpg')"><img name="home_software" src="/web/20030211132931im_/http://www.ethnologue.com/images/home_software.jpg" width="97" height="33" border="0" alt="Go to software"></a></td> <td align="LEFT" valign="BOTTOM" class="sepia_bar" width="165"><a href="bibliography.asp" onmouseover="swapImage(home_biblio,'images/home_biblio-over.jpg')" onmouseout="swapImage(home_biblio,'images/home_biblio.jpg')"><img name="home_biblio" src="/web/20030211132931im_/http://www.ethnologue.com/images/home_biblio.jpg" width="127" height="33" border="0" alt="Go to bibliography"></a></td> </tr> </table> <table width="570" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="35"> </td> <td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="190"> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Books and eBooks<br> about languages<br> and cultures of the<br> world for education,<br> research, and reference.</font> </td> <td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="190"> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Computer resources<br> including an extensive<br> library for language<br> researchers and software<br> tools and fonts.</font> </td> <td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="155"> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Over 12,000 citations<br> spanning 60 years<br> of SIL International's<br> language research<br> in over 1,000 languages.</font> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <script>URLpath='<B>URL:</B> <I><A HREF="http://web.archive.org/web/20030211132931/http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp">http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp</A></I> <BR>' </script> <hr> <div class="foot" align="center"> <font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> <a href="/web/20030211132931/http://www.ethnologue.com/web.asp">Ethnologue: Web</a> | <a href="/web/20030211132931/http://www.ethnologue.com/print.asp">Ethnologue: Print</a> | <a href="/web/20030211132931/http://www.ethnologue.com/bibliography.asp">Bibliography</a> | <a href="/web/20030211132931/http://www.ethnologue.com/bookstore.asp">Publications Catalog</a> | <a href="/web/20030211132931/http://www.ethnologue.com/lingualinks.asp">LinguaLinks</a> | <a href="/web/20030211132931/http://www.ethnologue.com/tools.asp">Tools</a> <br> <a href="/web/20030211132931/http://www.ethnologue.com/info.asp">Who we are</a> | <a href="/web/20030211132931/http://www.ethnologue.com/store/cart.asp">Shopping cart</a> | <a href="/web/20030211132931/http://www.ethnologue.com/site_search.asp">Site search</a> | <a href="/web/20030211132931/http://www.ethnologue.com/site_map.asp">Site map</a> | <a href="/web/20030211132931/http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp">Home</a> </font> </div> <div align="center"> <font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1"> <br> <script language="javascript"> <!-- document.write("<STRONG>URL:</STRONG> <EM><A HREF=" +document.location+ ">" +document.location+ "</A></EM><br>") // --> </script> <strong>Bibliography database last modified:</strong> <em>January-2003</em><br> <strong>Publications catalog database last modified:</strong> <em>December-2002</em><br> Ethnologue data from <em>Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 14th Edition</em><br> Copyright © 2002 <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030211132931/http://www.sil.org/">SIL International</a><br> <strong><a href="/web/20030211132931/http://www.ethnologue.com/info.asp#contact">Contact us</a></strong></font> </div> </body> </html> <!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 13:29:31 Feb 11, 2003 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 03:27:40 Nov 28, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.786 exclusion.robots: 0.042 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.03 esindex: 0.009 cdx.remote: 5.113 LoadShardBlock: 1138.077 (6) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 833.478 (7) PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 164.71 (3) load_resource: 211.216 -->