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The future of assessment: embracing AI and EdTech - Jisc

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padding: 0.25rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-2 { width: calc(100% + 1rem); margin: -0.5rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-2 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 0.5rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-3 { width: calc(100% + 1.5rem); margin: -0.75rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-3 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 0.75rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-4 { width: calc(100% + 2rem); margin: -1rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-4 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 1rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-5 { width: calc(100% + 2.5rem); margin: -1.25rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-5 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 1.25rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-6 { width: calc(100% + 3rem); margin: -1.5rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-6 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 1.5rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-7 { width: calc(100% + 3.5rem); margin: -1.75rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-7 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 1.75rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-8 { width: calc(100% + 4rem); margin: -2rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-8 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 2rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-9 { width: calc(100% + 4.5rem); margin: -2.25rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-9 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 2.25rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-10 { width: calc(100% + 5rem); margin: -2.5rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-10 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 2.5rem; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-auto { flex-grow: 0; max-width: none; flex-basis: auto; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-true { flex-grow: 1; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 0; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-1 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 8.333333%; flex-basis: 8.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-2 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 16.666667%; flex-basis: 16.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-3 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 25%; flex-basis: 25%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-4 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 33.333333%; flex-basis: 33.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-5 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 41.666667%; flex-basis: 41.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-6 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 50%; flex-basis: 50%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-7 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 58.333333%; flex-basis: 58.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-8 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 66.666667%; flex-basis: 66.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-9 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 75%; flex-basis: 75%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-10 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 83.333333%; flex-basis: 83.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-11 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 91.666667%; flex-basis: 91.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-12 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 100%; } @media (min-width:600px) { .MuiGrid-grid-sm-auto { flex-grow: 0; max-width: none; flex-basis: auto; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-true { flex-grow: 1; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 0; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-1 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 8.333333%; flex-basis: 8.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-2 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 16.666667%; flex-basis: 16.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-3 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 25%; flex-basis: 25%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-4 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 33.333333%; flex-basis: 33.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-5 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 41.666667%; flex-basis: 41.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-6 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 50%; flex-basis: 50%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-7 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 58.333333%; flex-basis: 58.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-8 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 66.666667%; flex-basis: 66.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-9 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 75%; flex-basis: 75%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-10 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 83.333333%; flex-basis: 83.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-11 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 91.666667%; flex-basis: 91.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-12 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 100%; } } @media (min-width:960px) { .MuiGrid-grid-md-auto { flex-grow: 0; max-width: none; flex-basis: auto; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-true { flex-grow: 1; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 0; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-1 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 8.333333%; flex-basis: 8.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-2 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 16.666667%; flex-basis: 16.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-3 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 25%; flex-basis: 25%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-4 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 33.333333%; flex-basis: 33.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-5 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 41.666667%; flex-basis: 41.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-6 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 50%; flex-basis: 50%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-7 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 58.333333%; flex-basis: 58.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-8 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 66.666667%; flex-basis: 66.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-9 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 75%; flex-basis: 75%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-10 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 83.333333%; flex-basis: 83.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-11 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 91.666667%; flex-basis: 91.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-12 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 100%; } } @media (min-width:1280px) { .MuiGrid-grid-lg-auto { flex-grow: 0; max-width: none; flex-basis: auto; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-true { flex-grow: 1; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 0; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-1 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 8.333333%; flex-basis: 8.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-2 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 16.666667%; flex-basis: 16.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-3 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 25%; flex-basis: 25%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-4 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 33.333333%; flex-basis: 33.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-5 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 41.666667%; flex-basis: 41.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-6 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 50%; flex-basis: 50%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-7 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 58.333333%; flex-basis: 58.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-8 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 66.666667%; flex-basis: 66.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-9 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 75%; flex-basis: 75%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-10 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 83.333333%; flex-basis: 83.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-11 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 91.666667%; flex-basis: 91.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-12 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 100%; } } @media (min-width:1920px) { .MuiGrid-grid-xl-auto { flex-grow: 0; max-width: none; flex-basis: auto; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-true { flex-grow: 1; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 0; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-1 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 8.333333%; flex-basis: 8.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-2 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 16.666667%; flex-basis: 16.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-3 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 25%; flex-basis: 25%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-4 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 33.333333%; flex-basis: 33.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-5 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 41.666667%; flex-basis: 41.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-6 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 50%; flex-basis: 50%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-7 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 58.333333%; flex-basis: 58.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-8 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 66.666667%; flex-basis: 66.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-9 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 75%; flex-basis: 75%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-10 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 83.333333%; flex-basis: 83.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-11 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 91.666667%; flex-basis: 91.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-12 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 100%; } } .jss2 { color: #fff; z-index: 1300; position: relative; padding-top: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: #0d224c; } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss3 { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss3 { flex-shrink: 0; } } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss4 { margin-top: 1.5rem; flex-shrink: 0; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss5 { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss6 { margin-right: 1.5rem; } } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss7 { margin-top: 1.5rem; flex-shrink: 0; margin-right: 1rem; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss7 { margin-right: 1.5rem; } } .jss8 { margin-top: 1rem; } .jss1 { clip: rect(0 0 0 0); color: #000; width: 1px; height: 1px; display: block; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; clip-path: inset(50%); padding-top: 0.5rem; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 0.5rem; text-decoration: unset; background-color: #fd6; } .jss1:focus { clip: unset; width: unset; height: unset; outline: .25rem solid transparent; overflow: unset; position: unset; clip-path: unset; white-space: unset; } .jss34 > * { box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto; } .jss35 { padding-top: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 2.5rem; } .jss36 { padding-top: 2.5rem; padding-bottom: 2.5rem; } .jss37 { padding-top: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 2.5rem; } .jss38 { color: #fff; } .jss39 { background-color: #4c4c4c; } .jss40 { background-color: #404040; } .jss41 { background-color: #333; } .jss42 { display: inline; } .jss43:link { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; } .jss43:visited { color: #fff; } .jss43:focus { color: #000; outline: .25rem solid transparent; box-shadow: 0 .25rem 0 0 #fd6, 0 -.25rem 0 0 #fd6; text-decoration: none; background-color: #fd6; } .jss43:hover { color: #d9d9d9; transition: color .2s ease; text-decoration: underline; } .jss43:focus:hover { color: #000; outline: .25rem solid transparent; box-shadow: 0 .25rem 0 0 #fd6, 0 -.25rem 0 0 #fd6; text-decoration: none; background-color: #fd6; } .jss43:active { color: #fff; } .jss43:focus:active { color: #fff; outline: none; box-shadow: none; text-decoration: underline; background-color: transparent; } .jss44 { margin: 0; display: inline; padding: 0; list-style: none; } .jss45 { display: inline-block; font-size: .875rem; margin-top: 1rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.428571428571429rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .jss45 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss45 strong { font-weight: bolder; } .jss45:not(:last-child) { margin-right: 1rem; } .jss46::before { content: ">"; margin-right: 1rem; } .jss47 { width: calc(100% + 1.5rem); margin-left: -0.75rem; margin-right: -0.75rem; } .jss47 .MuiGrid-item { padding-left: 0.75rem; padding-right: 0.75rem; } @media (max-width:959.95px) { .jss47 { width: calc(100% + 1rem); margin-left: -0.5rem; margin-right: -0.5rem; } .jss47 .MuiGrid-item { padding-left: 0.5rem; padding-right: 0.5rem; } } .jss48 { padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; } .jss49 { font-size: .875rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.428571428571429rem; padding-top: 1rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .jss49 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss49 strong { font-weight: bolder; } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss49 { border-top: .0625rem solid #707070; padding-top: 1.5rem; } } .jss50 { list-style: none; margin-top: 1.5rem; padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss51 { margin-top: 3rem; } } .jss52 { font-size: 1rem; font-family: "Roboto", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } @media (min-width:960px) { .jss52 { font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 2rem; } } .jss52 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss52 strong { font-weight: bolder; } .jss53 { font-size: .875rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.428571428571429rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .jss53 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss53 strong { font-weight: bolder; } .jss53:not(:first-child) { margin-top: 1rem; } .jss54 { margin-right: 0.5rem; } .jss55 { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; list-style: none; margin-top: 0; padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .jss56 { margin-bottom: 0; } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss56 { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; } } .jss57 { font-size: .875rem; margin-top: 1rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.428571428571429rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .jss57 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss57 strong { font-weight: bolder; } .jss57:not(:last-child) { margin-right: 1.5rem; } .jss58 { font-size: .875rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.428571428571429rem; padding-top: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .jss58 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss58 strong { font-weight: bolder; } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss58 { border-top: .0625rem solid #707070; } } .jss59:link { color: #fff; text-decoration: underline; } .jss59:visited { color: #d9d9d9; } .jss59:focus { color: #000; outline: .25rem solid transparent; box-shadow: 0 .25rem 0 0 #fd6, 0 -.25rem 0 0 #fd6; text-decoration: none; background-color: #fd6; } .jss59:hover { color: #d9d9d9; transition: color .2s ease; text-decoration: underline; } .jss59:focus:hover { color: #000; outline: .25rem solid transparent; box-shadow: 0 .25rem 0 0 #fd6, 0 -.25rem 0 0 #fd6; text-decoration: none; background-color: #fd6; } .jss59:active { color: #fff; } .jss59:focus:active { color: #fff; outline: none; box-shadow: none; text-decoration: underline; background-color: transparent; } .jss23 { display: none; align-items: center; margin-left: auto; justify-content: center; } @media (max-width: 757px) { .jss23 { gap: 8px; display: flex; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss23 { margin-top: 0.5rem; } } .jss24 { color: #069; width: 36px; border: none; height: 36px; justify-content: center; background-color: #e4e9ec; } .jss24:hover { color: #fff; cursor: pointer; background-color: #069; } .jss24:focus { color: #fff; outline: .25rem solid #fd6; outline-offset: -2px; background-color: #069; } .jss25 { display: flex; position: relative; align-items: center; margin-left: auto; } @media (max-width: 757px) { .jss25 { top: 100%; right: 0; display: none; padding: 1.8rem; position: absolute; border-top: 1px solid #ccc; box-shadow: 0px 5px 4px rgb(0 0 0 / 20%); -moz-box-shadow: 0px 5px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); background-color: #fff; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 5px 4px rgb(0 0 0 / 20%); } } @media (max-width: 400px) { .jss25 { left: 0; } } @media (max-width: 757px) { .jss25.visible { display: block; } } .jss26 { color: #666; display: block; font-size: 18px; text-decoration: unset; } .jss26:hover { color: #004777; text-decoration: underline; } .jss26:focus { color: #000; outline: transparent solid 0.25rem; box-shadow: rgb(255 221 102) 0px 0.25rem 0px 0px, rgb(255 221 102) 0px -0.25rem 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; background-color: rgb(255, 221, 102); } .jss27 { top: 100%; right: 0; width: 600px; display: none; padding: 20px 30px; position: absolute; border-top: 2px solid #00557f; box-shadow: 0px 5px 4px rgb(0 0 0 / 20%); text-align: center; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 5px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); background-color: #fff; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 5px 4px rgb(0 0 0 / 20%); } @media (max-width: 757px) { .jss27 { display: none; } } .jss28 { top: 50%; color: #2c3841; right: 1.8rem; width: 32px; border: none; bottom: 0; cursor: pointer; height: 32px; display: flex; position: absolute; transform: translateY(-50%); align-items: center; justify-content: center; background-color: transparent; } @media (min-width: 757px) { .jss28 { right: 10px; } } .jss28:hover { opacity: 0.5; } .jss28:focus { outline: .25rem solid #fd6; background-color: #fff; } @media (max-width: 757px) { .jss29 { width: 100%; } } @media (min-width: 757px) { .jss29:focus-within #predictive-results.visible { display: block; } } @media (min-width: 757px) { .jss30 { padding: 10px 10px; position: relative; margin-right: -10px; } .jss30.has-search-term:focus-within { box-shadow: 0 0 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 20%); -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom,#e4e9ec 0%,#fff 100%); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 20%); } } .jss31 { width: 210px; border: 2px solid #E4E9EC; display: block; padding: 5px 32px 4px 9px; min-height: 31px; background-color: #fff; } .jss31:focus { outline: .25rem solid #fd6; background-color: #fff; } .jss31::-webkit-search-cancel-button, .jss31::-webkit-search-decoration, .jss31 -webkit-search-results-button, .jss31 -webkit-search-results-decoration { display: none; } .jss31::-ms-clear { width: 0; height: 0; display: none; } .jss31::-ms-reveal { width: 0; height: 0; display: none; } .jss31:-webkit-autofill, .jss31:-webkit-autofill:hover, .jss31:-webkit-autofill:active, .jss31:-webkit-autofill:focus { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 0px 1000px #fff inset; } @media (max-width: 757px) { .jss31 { width: 100%; } } .jss32 span { clip: rect(0 0 0 0); width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; clip-path: inset(50%); white-space: nowrap; } .jss9 { z-index: 1100; position: relative; } .jss10 { color: #666; background-color: #fff; } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss10 { padding-top: 0.5rem; padding-bottom: 0.5rem; } } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss11::before { content: ''; display: table; } .jss11::after { clear: both; content: ''; display: table; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss11 { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; } } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss12 { float: left; } } .jss13 { display: flex; } .jss14 { line-height: 0; } .jss15 { margin-left: 16px; } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss15 { margin-top: 1rem; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss15 { margin-top: .625rem; } } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss16 { font-size: 1rem; font-family: "Roboto", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .jss16 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss16 strong { font-weight: bolder; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss16 { font-size: 1.25rem; font-family: "Roboto", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 2rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .jss16 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss16 strong { font-weight: bolder; } } .jss17 { margin-right: 3px; } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss18 { display: none; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss18 { font-size: 1.25rem; font-family: "Roboto", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 2rem; margin-left: 3px; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .jss18 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss18 strong { font-weight: bolder; } } .jss19:link { color: #666; text-decoration: unset; } .jss19:visited { color: #666; } .jss19:focus { color: #000; outline: .25rem solid transparent; box-shadow: 0 .25rem 0 0 #fd6, 0 -.25rem 0 0 #fd6; text-decoration: none; background-color: #fd6; } .jss19:focus:not(:focus-visible) { outline: .25rem solid transparent; box-shadow: unset; text-decoration: underline; background-color: unset; } .jss19:hover { color: #004777; text-decoration: underline; } .jss19:active { color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } @media (hover: none) { .jss19:hover { color: #666; } } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss20 { width: 2.5rem; height: 2.5rem; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss20 { width: 3.25rem; height: 3.25rem; } } .jss21 { display: inline-block; } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss21 { margin-top: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; } } .jss21:focus { outline: .25rem solid #fd6; } .jss21:focus:not(:focus-visible) { outline: none; } .jss21:hover { opacity: 0.7; } .jss21:active { opacity: 1; } @media (hover: none) { .jss21:hover { opacity: 1; } } .jss22 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class="jss15"><span class="jss16" role="listitem"><a class="jss19" href="/web/20241002202922/https://jisc.ac.uk/blog">Blog</a></span><span class="jss18" role="listitem"><span aria-hidden="true" class="jss17"> <!-- -->&gt;<!-- --> </span><a class="jss19" href="/web/20241002202922/https://jisc.ac.uk/blog/the-future-of-assessment-embracing-ai-and-edtech">The future of assessment: embracing AI and EdTech</a></span></span></span></nav></div><div class="jss22"><div class="jss23"><button aria-controls="search-form" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Show search box" class="jss24" title="Show search box" type="button"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="magnifying-glass" class="svg-inline--fa fa-magnifying-glass " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M416 208c0 45.9-14.9 88.3-40 122.7L502.6 457.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3s-32.8 12.5-45.3 0L330.7 376c-34.4 25.2-76.8 40-122.7 40C93.1 416 0 322.9 0 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px-2 md:px-3 " data-testclass="grid-item"><div class="pb-3 border-t-0 border-b border-solid border-x-0 border-jiscAlto"><section data-testid="author-brief" class="flex flex-col flex-wrap"><div class="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-start font-sans antialiased"><div class="mr-5"><img class="border-[1px] border-solid border-jiscAlto flex-wrap" alt="Olly Newton headshot" width="58px" src="http://web.archive.org/web/20241002202922im_/https://jisc-ac-uk-static-assets-prod.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/media/original_images/olly-newton-headshot.png"/></div>by<div class="mx-1">Olly Newton</div><time datetime="2024-08-15T08:18:00Z">15 August 2024</time></div></section></div><p class=" mt-8 mb-8 font-sans antialiased text-[1.25rem] font-light leading-[2rem] md:text-[1.5rem] text-jiscMineShaft" data-component="typography--custom">To coincide with A-level, T-level and BTEC results day, Olly Newton, executive director at the Edge Foundation shares his thoughts on the future of assessment and how tools such as AI are changing the game.</p><img class=" block object-cover w-full" src="http://web.archive.org/web/20241002202922im_/https://jisc-ac-uk-static-assets-prod.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/media/original_images/smiling-teacher-talking-with-a-student-using-a-laptop-during-a-classroom-l.png" alt="Smiling teacher talking with a student using a laptop during a classroom lesson"/><div class="mt-8 "><div class=" clearfix | prose | antialiased | font-sans | max-w-full | prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] | prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 first:prose-h2:mt-0 last:prose-h2:mb-0 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h3:mt-0 last:prose-h3:mb-0 prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] | prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-0 last:prose-h4:mb-0 prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] | prose-h5:text-[1rem] prose-h5:font-medium prose-h5:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h5:mt-10 prose-h5:mb-6 first:prose-h5:mt-[unset] last:prose-h5:mb-[unset] prose-h5:md:text-[1.25rem] prose-h5:md:leading-[2rem] prose-h6:text-[1rem] prose-h6:font-semibold prose-h6:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h6:mt-10 prose-h6:mb-6 first:prose-h6:mt-[unset] last:prose-h6:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[1.5rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] empty:first:prose-p:-mt-6 prose-blockquote:my-[unset] prose-blockquote:ml-6 prose-blockquote:text-[1rem] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:font-normal prose-blockquote:leading-[1.5rem] prose-blockquote:border-solid prose-blockquote:border-0 prose-blockquote:border-l-[.0625rem] prose-p:prose-blockquote:py-3 before:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] after:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] prose-li:text-[1rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:pl-2 | first:prose-ol:mt-0 last:prose-ol:mb-0 prose-ol:my-6 prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-ul:mt-0 last:prose-ul:mb-0 prose-ul:my-6 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:mt-[unset] prose-table:mb-[unset] | prose-table:border-collapse | prose-p:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-p:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-td:border-solid prose-td:border-l-[0rem] prose-td:border-r-[0rem] prose-td:border-jiscAlto | prose-td:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-td:border-t-[0.0625rem] | prose-td:p-4 prose-td:align-middle prose-td:leading-[1.5rem]| prose-th:border-solid prose-th:border-l-[0rem] prose-th:border-r-[0rem] prose-th:border-jiscAlto | prose-th:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-t-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-b-jiscAlto prose-th:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-th:p-4 prose-th:align-middle prose-th:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-th:font-medium | prose-tr:border-b-jiscAlto prose-tr:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-img:block prose-img:max-w-full prose-img:h-auto prose-img:my-6 prose-img:leading-none | prose-a:font-normal prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-a:underline | visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] | hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | focus:active:prose-a:underline focus:active:prose-a:bg-transparent focus:active:prose-a:shadow-none | prose-strong:prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue | prose-strong:visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | prose-strong:focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | prose-strong:hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | prose-strong:active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack || prose-blockquote:border-l-jiscAlto || marker:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-blockquote:text-jiscDoveGrey | prose-headings:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-li:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ol:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-p:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-strong:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-table:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ul:text-jiscMineShaft | | |"><p data-block-key="pnbkk">The landscape of tertiary education is undergoing a significant transformation driven by rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and educational technology (EdTech). As we look towards the future, the role of assessment is set to evolve in ways that promise to enhance learning outcomes while posing new challenges for institutions, educators and students.</p><p data-block-key="51j6s">Earlier this year, <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20241002202922/http://www.edge.co.uk/">The Edge Foundation</a> and partners hosted the <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20241002202922/https://www.edge.co.uk/news-and-events/events/next-generation-assessment-conference-2024/">Next Generation Assessment Conference 2024</a> at the University of Manchester. Among other seasoned experts, the conference saw <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20241002202922/https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/persons/miriam.firth">Dr Miriam Firth</a> (senior lecturer in education management and leadership, University of Manchester), <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20241002202922/https://andykemp.org.uk/">Dr Andy Kemp</a> (principal, The National Mathematics and Science College), and <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20241002202922/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timo_Hannay">Dr Timo Hannay</a> (managing director, SchoolDash) sharing their insights on the transformative potential of AI in assessment. They also addressed some of the challenges we must navigate as we responsibly implement these technologies.</p><h2 id="the-potential-of-ai-in-assessment-e5ul2" data-block-key="e5ul2">The potential of AI in assessment</h2><p data-block-key="c9fei">AI offers remarkable opportunities to revolutionise the assessment process. Traditional assessment methods, such as standardised tests and written exams, have long been criticised for their limitations, including potential biases and their inability to fully capture a student&#x27;s understanding and skills. AI, with its ability to analyse vast amounts of data and adapt in real-time, provides a more nuanced and comprehensive approach to evaluating student performance.</p><p data-block-key="25rg8">Dr Miriam Firth emphasised the importance of student engagement with AI technologies. Her research indicates that while there are concerns about AI&#x27;s role in education, particularly regarding fairness and the potential for misuse, there is also a significant opportunity for AI to enhance the assessment process. By allowing students to interact with AI and understand its capabilities, educators can demystify the technology and build trust among learners. This engagement is crucial for developing AI-powered assessments that are fair and effective.</p><h2 id="transforming-assessments-through-conversational-ai-3tma7" data-block-key="3tma7">Transforming assessments through conversational AI</h2><p data-block-key="atjg7">One of the most promising applications of AI in education is the development of conversational AI systems that facilitate personalised, adaptive assessments. Dr Andy Kemp envisions a future where AI enables more humane and authentic assessment experiences. He argues that the most effective assessments often resemble dialogues between teachers and students, where misunderstandings can be addressed in real-time, and deeper insights into a student&#x27;s knowledge can be gained.</p><p data-block-key="5huqt">Imagine a scenario where a student interacts with a virtual avatar that can dynamically adjust its questions based on the student&#x27;s responses. This approach not only makes assessments more engaging but also ensures that they are tailored to each student&#x27;s unique learning journey. Such systems can help identify and bridge gaps in understanding, providing a more accurate reflection of a student&#x27;s abilities and progress.</p><h2 id="expanding-the-scope-of-ai-in-assessing-qualitative-skills-1bfl7" data-block-key="1bfl7">Expanding the scope of AI in assessing qualitative skills</h2><p data-block-key="cq477">While AI&#x27;s application in quantitative assessments, particularly in STEM fields, is well-established, its potential to assess qualitative skills is now being recognised. Dr Timo Hannay highlighted how advanced machine learning algorithms are being used to evaluate complex tasks such as essay writing and argumentation. This marks a significant shift from traditional methods, enabling more holistic assessments that encompass a broader range of skills and competencies.</p><p data-block-key="672n5">However, as AI takes on a more prominent role in assessment, it is essential to maintain human oversight. Educators must ensure that AI systems are used ethically, and that the data collected is used to enhance, not replace, human judgement. Dr Hannay cautions against relying solely on AI, stressing the need for human accountability to safeguard the integrity of the assessment process.</p><h2 id="implications-for-institutions,-staff,-and-students-1ucvj" data-block-key="1ucvj">Implications for institutions, staff, and students</h2><p data-block-key="6u0la">The integration of AI and EdTech into assessment practices will have profound implications for all stakeholders at all stages of education. Institutions must invest in the necessary infrastructure and training to support the implementation of these technologies. This includes ensuring that educators are equipped with the skills and knowledge to effectively use AI tools in their teaching and assessment practices.</p><p data-block-key="8vgm1">For educators, the shift towards AI-powered assessments offers an opportunity to move away from rote memorisation and standardised testing. Instead, they can focus on fostering critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills in their students. By leveraging AI, educators can provide more personalised feedback and support, helping students to achieve their full potential.</p><p data-block-key="3fr67">Students, on the other hand, could benefit from more engaging and meaningful assessment experiences. AI can provide immediate feedback, allowing students to learn from their mistakes and make improvements in real-time. This continuous assessment model aligns more closely with the principles of formative assessment, where the primary goal is to enhance learning rather than merely evaluate it.</p><h2 id="conclusion-cp8fc" data-block-key="cp8fc">Conclusion</h2><p data-block-key="4v9pl">As AI and EdTech continue to evolve, the future of assessment in education looks promising. These technologies have the potential to create more equitable, personalised, and effective assessment practices that better reflect a student&#x27;s abilities and progress.</p><p data-block-key="5pkjf">However, this transformation requires careful consideration and collaboration among all stakeholders to ensure that the benefits of AI are realised while mitigating potential risks. This will need to be a key theme looked at in the exciting review of curriculum and assessment announced by the new government, which will become ever more prominent in the coming months.</p></div></div><div class="mt-5"><section data-testid="author-bio" class="flex flex-col font-sans antialiased border-0 border-t-[.0625rem] border-solid border-jiscAlto mt-10"><h2 class="mt-10 mb-6">About the author</h2><div class="flex pb-5" id="Olly-Newton"><div class="mr-5"><img class="border-[1px] border-solid border-jiscAlto" alt="Olly Newton headshot" width="58px" src="http://web.archive.org/web/20241002202922im_/https://jisc-ac-uk-static-assets-prod.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/media/original_images/olly-newton-headshot.png"/></div><div class="flex flex-col "><div class="mb-1 text-xl font-light break-all">Olly Newton</div><div class="mb-3 text-sm text-[#2c3841] break-all">Executive director, Edge Foundation</div><div class="text-base"><p data-block-key="5sn2v">Olly Newton is executive director at the <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20241002202922/http://www.edge.co.uk/">Edge Foundation</a>, an independent education foundation dedicated to making education relevant to the real world, employability, communities and the future.</p></div></div></div></section></div></div></div></div></div></article></main><footer aria-labelledby="site-footer" class="jss34"><div class="jss38 jss35 jss39"><div class="MuiContainer-root MuiContainer-maxWidthMd"><div class="MuiGrid-root jss47 MuiGrid-container"><div class="MuiGrid-root jss48 MuiGrid-item MuiGrid-grid-xs-12 MuiGrid-grid-sm-9"><h2 class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-srOnly" id="site-footer">Site footer</h2><div class=""><nav aria-label="Breadcrumb" class="jss42"><ul class="jss44"><li class="jss45"><a aria-label="Jisc homepage" class="jss43" title="Jisc homepage" href="/web/20241002202922/https://jisc.ac.uk/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="house" class="svg-inline--fa fa-house " role="img" 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the future of assessment and how tools such as AI are changing the game.","first_published_at":"2024-08-15T08:18:00Z","alias_of":null,"parent":{"id":1030,"meta":{"type":"base.BlogsListingPage","detail_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20241002202922/http://backend:8000/api/v2/pages/1030/","html_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20241002202922/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/blog/"},"title":"Blog"}},"title":"The future of assessment: embracing AI and EdTech","authors":[{"id":164,"meta":{"type":"base.BlogAuthorsOrderable"},"first_name":"Olly","last_name":"Newton","job_title":"Executive director, Edge Foundation","bio_link":null,"summary":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"5sn2v\"\u003eOlly Newton is executive director at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.edge.co.uk/\"\u003eEdge Foundation\u003c/a\u003e, an independent education foundation dedicated to making education relevant to the real world, employability, communities and the future.\u003c/p\u003e","image":{"url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20241002202922/https://jisc-ac-uk-static-assets-prod.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/media/original_images/olly-newton-headshot.png","title":"olly-newton-headshot","id":2007},"image_alt_text":"Olly Newton headshot"}],"breadcrumbs":[{"id":1,"name":"Root","url":null},{"id":3,"name":"Jisc","url":"/"},{"id":1030,"name":"Blog","url":"/blog/"},{"id":2710,"name":"The future of assessment: embracing AI and EdTech","url":"/blog/the-future-of-assessment-embracing-ai-and-edtech/"}],"categories":[{"id":9,"name":"Student experience"},{"id":12,"name":"Higher education"},{"id":13,"name":"Further education and skills"},{"id":20,"name":"Artificial intelligence"}],"featured_image":{"url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20241002202922/https://jisc-ac-uk-static-assets-prod.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/media/original_images/smiling-teacher-talking-with-a-student-using-a-laptop-during-a-classroom-l.png","title":"smiling-teacher-talking-with-a-student-using-a-laptop-during-a-classroom-lesson","width":710,"height":351},"featured_image_alt":"Smiling teacher talking with a student using a laptop during a classroom lesson","open_graph_image":{"url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20241002202922/https://jisc-ac-uk-static-assets-prod.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/media/original_images/Future_of_assesment_blog_webcard.png","title":"Future of assesment_blog_webcard","width":764,"height":394},"open_graph_image_alt":"The future of assessment Twitter card","summary":"To coincide with A-level, T-level and BTEC results day, Olly Newton, executive director at the Edge Foundation shares his thoughts on the future of assessment and how tools such as AI are changing the game.","page_body":[{"type":"content_block","value":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"pnbkk\"\u003eThe landscape of tertiary education is undergoing a significant transformation driven by rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and educational technology (EdTech). As we look towards the future, the role of assessment is set to evolve in ways that promise to enhance learning outcomes while posing new challenges for institutions, educators and students.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"51j6s\"\u003eEarlier this year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.edge.co.uk/\"\u003eThe Edge Foundation\u003c/a\u003e and partners hosted the \u003ca href=\"https://www.edge.co.uk/news-and-events/events/next-generation-assessment-conference-2024/\"\u003eNext Generation Assessment Conference 2024\u003c/a\u003e at the University of Manchester. Among other seasoned experts, the conference saw \u003ca href=\"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/persons/miriam.firth\"\u003eDr Miriam Firth\u003c/a\u003e (senior lecturer in education management and leadership, University of Manchester), \u003ca href=\"https://andykemp.org.uk/\"\u003eDr Andy Kemp\u003c/a\u003e (principal, The National Mathematics and Science College), and \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timo_Hannay\"\u003eDr Timo Hannay\u003c/a\u003e (managing director, SchoolDash) sharing their insights on the transformative potential of AI in assessment. They also addressed some of the challenges we must navigate as we responsibly implement these technologies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"the-potential-of-ai-in-assessment-e5ul2\" data-block-key=\"e5ul2\"\u003eThe potential of AI in assessment\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"c9fei\"\u003eAI offers remarkable opportunities to revolutionise the assessment process. Traditional assessment methods, such as standardised tests and written exams, have long been criticised for their limitations, including potential biases and their inability to fully capture a student's understanding and skills. AI, with its ability to analyse vast amounts of data and adapt in real-time, provides a more nuanced and comprehensive approach to evaluating student performance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"25rg8\"\u003eDr Miriam Firth emphasised the importance of student engagement with AI technologies. Her research indicates that while there are concerns about AI's role in education, particularly regarding fairness and the potential for misuse, there is also a significant opportunity for AI to enhance the assessment process. By allowing students to interact with AI and understand its capabilities, educators can demystify the technology and build trust among learners. This engagement is crucial for developing AI-powered assessments that are fair and effective.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"transforming-assessments-through-conversational-ai-3tma7\" data-block-key=\"3tma7\"\u003eTransforming assessments through conversational AI\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"atjg7\"\u003eOne of the most promising applications of AI in education is the development of conversational AI systems that facilitate personalised, adaptive assessments. Dr Andy Kemp envisions a future where AI enables more humane and authentic assessment experiences. He argues that the most effective assessments often resemble dialogues between teachers and students, where misunderstandings can be addressed in real-time, and deeper insights into a student's knowledge can be gained.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"5huqt\"\u003eImagine a scenario where a student interacts with a virtual avatar that can dynamically adjust its questions based on the student's responses. This approach not only makes assessments more engaging but also ensures that they are tailored to each student's unique learning journey. Such systems can help identify and bridge gaps in understanding, providing a more accurate reflection of a student's abilities and progress.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"expanding-the-scope-of-ai-in-assessing-qualitative-skills-1bfl7\" data-block-key=\"1bfl7\"\u003eExpanding the scope of AI in assessing qualitative skills\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"cq477\"\u003eWhile AI's application in quantitative assessments, particularly in STEM fields, is well-established, its potential to assess qualitative skills is now being recognised. Dr Timo Hannay highlighted how advanced machine learning algorithms are being used to evaluate complex tasks such as essay writing and argumentation. This marks a significant shift from traditional methods, enabling more holistic assessments that encompass a broader range of skills and competencies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"672n5\"\u003eHowever, as AI takes on a more prominent role in assessment, it is essential to maintain human oversight. Educators must ensure that AI systems are used ethically, and that the data collected is used to enhance, not replace, human judgement. Dr Hannay cautions against relying solely on AI, stressing the need for human accountability to safeguard the integrity of the assessment process.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"implications-for-institutions,-staff,-and-students-1ucvj\" data-block-key=\"1ucvj\"\u003eImplications for institutions, staff, and students\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"6u0la\"\u003eThe integration of AI and EdTech into assessment practices will have profound implications for all stakeholders at all stages of education. Institutions must invest in the necessary infrastructure and training to support the implementation of these technologies. This includes ensuring that educators are equipped with the skills and knowledge to effectively use AI tools in their teaching and assessment practices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"8vgm1\"\u003eFor educators, the shift towards AI-powered assessments offers an opportunity to move away from rote memorisation and standardised testing. Instead, they can focus on fostering critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills in their students. By leveraging AI, educators can provide more personalised feedback and support, helping students to achieve their full potential.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"3fr67\"\u003eStudents, on the other hand, could benefit from more engaging and meaningful assessment experiences. AI can provide immediate feedback, allowing students to learn from their mistakes and make improvements in real-time. This continuous assessment model aligns more closely with the principles of formative assessment, where the primary goal is to enhance learning rather than merely evaluate it.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"conclusion-cp8fc\" data-block-key=\"cp8fc\"\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"4v9pl\"\u003eAs AI and EdTech continue to evolve, the future of assessment in education looks promising. These technologies have the potential to create more equitable, personalised, and effective assessment practices that better reflect a student's abilities and progress.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"5pkjf\"\u003eHowever, this transformation requires careful consideration and collaboration among all stakeholders to ensure that the benefits of AI are realised while mitigating potential risks. This will need to be a key theme looked at in the exciting review of curriculum and assessment announced by the new government, which will become ever more prominent in the coming months.\u003c/p\u003e","id":"c00e70f3-0631-4a59-8cc4-f7ff0bdffbb8"}],"redirect_url":""}},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/[...path]","query":{"path":["blog","the-future-of-assessment-embracing-ai-and-edtech"]},"buildId":"098a0243c8d091c300eee358e59fdffccd623269","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}</script><noscript><iframe src="http://web.archive.org/web/20241002202922if_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PWX6FN" height="0" width="0" style="display: none; visibility: hidden;"/></noscript></body></html><!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 20:29:22 Oct 02, 2024 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 05:43:34 Nov 26, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. 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