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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Duties and work environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duties_and_work_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skills" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skills"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Skills</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skills-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educational_preparation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_preparation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Educational preparation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Educational_preparation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Educational preparation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Educational_preparation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colombia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colombia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Colombia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colombia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_organizations_and_continuing_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_organizations_and_continuing_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Professional organizations and continuing education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_organizations_and_continuing_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_the_profession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_the_profession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History of the profession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_the_profession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_the_Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_the_Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>On the Internet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-On_the_Internet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle On the Internet subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-On_the_Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Archives_2.0" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archives_2.0"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Archives 2.0</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archives_2.0-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Internet libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Archivist</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%81" title="أمين الأرشيف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمين الأرشيف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Архивар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Архивар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxiver" title="Arxiver – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arxiver" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archiv%C3%A1%C5%99" title="Archivář – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Archivář" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkivar" title="Arkivar – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Arkivar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivar" title="Archivar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Archivar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhivaar" title="Arhivaar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arhivaar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Αρχειονόμος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχειονόμος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivero" title="Archivero – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Archivero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkivisto" title="Arkivisto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arkivisto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="آرشیویست – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرشیویست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archiviste" title="Archiviste – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Archiviste" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argivaris" title="Argivaris – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Argivaris" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%A1%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%82%AC" title="기록물관리사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기록물관리사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhivist" title="Arhivist – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arhivist" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsiparis" title="Arsiparis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arsiparis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivista" title="Archivista – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Archivista" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%99" title="ארכיונאי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארכיונאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivarius" title="Archivarius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Archivarius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev%C3%A9lt%C3%A1ros" title="Levéltáros – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Levéltáros" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" title="アーキビスト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アーキビスト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkivar" title="Arkivar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arkivar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archiwista" title="Archiwista – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Archiwista" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquivista" title="Arquivista – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arquivista" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Архивист – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Архивист" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivist" title="Archivist – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Archivist" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archiv%C3%A1r" title="Archivár – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Archivár" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Архиватор – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Архиватор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkivarie" title="Arkivarie – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arkivarie" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C5%9Fivci" title="Arşivci – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arşivci" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%83%D1%81" title="Архіваріус – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Архіваріус" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A2n_vi%C3%AAn_l%C6%B0u_tr%E1%BB%AF" title="Nhân viên lưu trữ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhân viên lưu trữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%91%98" title="档案管理员 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="档案管理员" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q635734#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Archivist" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Archivist" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Professional who preserves information for long-term use</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Record keeper" redirects here. For the video game, see <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Record_Keeper" title="Final Fantasy Record Keeper"><i>Final Fantasy Record Keeper</i></a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Archivist_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Archivist (disambiguation)">Archivist (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archivist_Survey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Archivist_Survey.jpg/290px-Archivist_Survey.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Archivist_Survey.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="252" /></a><figcaption>An archivist surveying an unprocessed collection of materials. Surveying is commonly done to determine priorities for preservation and/or conservation of materials before an archivist begins arrangement and description.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>archivist</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Information_professional" title="Information professional">information professional</a> who assesses, collects, organizes, preserves, maintains control over, and provides access to <a href="/wiki/Document" title="Document">records</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archive" title="Archive">archives</a> determined to have long-term value. The records maintained by an archivist can consist of a variety of forms, including letters, diaries, logs, other personal documents, government documents, sound or picture recordings, digital files, or other physical objects. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archivist_at_Kibbutz_Lochamei_Hagetaot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Archivist_at_Kibbutz_Lochamei_Hagetaot.jpg/170px-Archivist_at_Kibbutz_Lochamei_Hagetaot.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Archivist_at_Kibbutz_Lochamei_Hagetaot.jpg/255px-Archivist_at_Kibbutz_Lochamei_Hagetaot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Archivist_at_Kibbutz_Lochamei_Hagetaot.jpg/340px-Archivist_at_Kibbutz_Lochamei_Hagetaot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2857" data-file-height="4001" /></a><figcaption>An archivist retrieving files from <a href="/wiki/Mobile_shelving" title="Mobile shelving">mobile shelving</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pearce-Moses" title="Richard Pearce-Moses">Richard Pearce-Moses</a> wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Archivists keep records that have enduring value as reliable memories of the past, and they help people find and understand the information they need in those records.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Determining what records have enduring value can be challenging. Archivists must also select records valuable enough to justify the costs of storage and preservation, plus the labor-intensive expenses of arrangement, description, and reference service.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theory and scholarly work underpinning <a href="/wiki/Archive" title="Archive">archives</a> practices is called <a href="/wiki/Archival_science" title="Archival science">archival science</a>. </p><p>The most common related occupations are <a href="/wiki/Librarian" title="Librarian">librarians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curator" title="Curator">museum curators</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Records_manager" title="Records manager">records managers</a>. The occupation of archivist is distinct from that of librarian. The two occupations have separate courses of training, adhere to separate and distinct principles, and are represented by separate <a href="/wiki/Professional_association" title="Professional association">professional organizations</a>. In general, the librarian tends to deal with published media (where the <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a>, such as author, title, and date of publication, may be readily apparent and can be presented in standardized form), whereas the archivist deals with unpublished media (which has different challenges such as the metadata not always being immediately apparent, containing complications and variety, and more likely to depend on <a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">provenance</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Archivists" title="Society of American Archivists">Society of American Archivists</a> (SAA) also notes that while both professions preserve, collect, and make materials accessible, librarians can often obtain "new copies of worn-out or lost books", while records in archival collections are unique and irreplaceable. The SAA further distinguishes libraries and archives based on the materials they keep and how they are accessed by patrons.<sup id="cite_ref-Society-of-American-Archivists_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Society-of-American-Archivists-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because archival records are frequently unique, archivists may be as much concerned with the preservation and custody of the information carrier (i.e. the physical document) as with its informational content. In this sense, the archivist may have more in common with the <a href="/wiki/Museum_curator" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum curator">museum curator</a> than with the librarian. The SAA states that museum <a href="/wiki/Curators" class="mw-redirect" title="Curators">curators</a> and archivists sometimes overlap in their duties, but that curators often collect and interpret three-dimensional objects, while archivists deal with paper, electronic, or audiovisual records.<sup id="cite_ref-Society-of-American-Archivists-2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Society-of-American-Archivists-2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even so, archival selections are sometimes exhibited in <a href="/wiki/Museums" class="mw-redirect" title="Museums">museums</a>. </p><p>The occupation of archivist is also frequently distinguished from that of <a href="/wiki/Records_manager" title="Records manager">records manager</a>, although in this case the distinction is less absolute: the archivist is predominantly concerned with records deemed worthy of permanent preservation, whereas the records manager is more concerned with records of current administrative importance.<sup id="cite_ref-Society-of-American-Archivists-2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Society-of-American-Archivists-2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SAA additionally notes that <a href="/wiki/Historians" class="mw-redirect" title="Historians">historians</a> and archivists have a long-standing partnership, as archivists preserve, identify, and make records accessible, while historians use those records for their research. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duties_and_work_environment">Duties and work environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Duties and work environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conservation_Lab_-_DPLA_-_a20359c1c1005c8e5e9b7e15cd1f58c2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Archivist at work." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Conservation_Lab_-_DPLA_-_a20359c1c1005c8e5e9b7e15cd1f58c2.jpg/170px-Conservation_Lab_-_DPLA_-_a20359c1c1005c8e5e9b7e15cd1f58c2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Conservation_Lab_-_DPLA_-_a20359c1c1005c8e5e9b7e15cd1f58c2.jpg/255px-Conservation_Lab_-_DPLA_-_a20359c1c1005c8e5e9b7e15cd1f58c2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Conservation_Lab_-_DPLA_-_a20359c1c1005c8e5e9b7e15cd1f58c2.jpg/340px-Conservation_Lab_-_DPLA_-_a20359c1c1005c8e5e9b7e15cd1f58c2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Inside a conservation lab, items are being prepared.</figcaption></figure> <p>Archivists' duties include acquiring and <a href="/wiki/Archival_appraisal" title="Archival appraisal">appraising</a> new collections, <a href="/wiki/Manuscript_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuscript processing">arranging and describing records</a>, providing reference service, and preserving materials. In arranging records, archivists apply two important principles: <a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">provenance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Original_order" title="Original order">original order</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Society-of-American-Archivists_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Society-of-American-Archivists-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Provenance refers to the creation of records and keeping different records separate in order to maintain context. Many entities create records, including governments, businesses, universities, and individuals. Original order is applied by keeping records in their order as established and maintained by the creator(s). Both provenance and original order are closely related to the concept of <i><a href="/wiki/Respect_des_fonds" title="Respect des fonds">respect des fonds</a></i>, which states that records from one corporate body should not be mixed with records from another.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two aspects to arrangement: intellectual and physical. Both aspects follow the principle of original order. Archivists process the records physically by placing them in acid-free folders and boxes to ensure their long-term survival. They also process the records intellectually, by determining what the records consist of, how they are organized, and what, if any, <a href="/wiki/Finding_aid" title="Finding aid">finding aids</a> need to be created. Finding aids can be box lists or descriptive inventories, or indexes. Even if the original arrangement is unclear or unhelpful in terms of accessing the collection, it is rarely rearranged to something that makes more sense. This is because preserving the original order shows how the creator of the records functioned, why the records were created, and how they went about arranging them. Moreover, the provenance and authenticity of the records may be lost.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, original order is not always the best way to maintain some collections and archivists must use their own experience and current best practices to determine the correct way to preserve collections of mixed media or those lacking a clear original arrangement.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archivists' work encompasses a range of <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethical</a> decisions that may be thought of as falling into three broad and intertwined areas: legal requirements; professional standards; and accountability to society in selecting and preserving documentary materials that serve as a <a href="/wiki/Primary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary sources">primary source</a> of knowledge, and influence <a href="/wiki/Collective_memory" title="Collective memory">collective memory</a> and identity.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In negotiating the ethical conflicts that arise in their work, archivists are guided by <a href="/wiki/Ethical_code" title="Ethical code">codes of ethics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Society of American Archivists first adopted a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.archivists.org/groups/committee-on-ethics-and-professional-conduct/code-of-ethics-history">code of ethics</a> in 1980;<sup id="cite_ref-Horn_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horn-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/International_Council_on_Archives" title="International Council on Archives">International Council on Archives</a> adopted one in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alongside their work in arranging and caring for collections, archivists assist users in interpreting materials and answering inquiries. This reference work can be a small part of an archivist's job in a smaller organization, or consist of most of their occupation in a larger archive where specific roles (such as <a href="/wiki/Manuscript_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuscript processing">processing archivist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reference_interview" title="Reference interview">reference archivist</a>) may be delineated.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archivists work for a variety of organizations, including <a href="/wiki/Government_agency" title="Government agency">government agencies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Local_authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Local authorities">local authorities</a>, museums, hospitals, historical societies, businesses, charities, corporations, <a href="/wiki/Colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="Colleges">colleges</a> and universities, national parks and historic sites, and any institution whose records may potentially be valuable to researchers, exhibitors, <a href="/wiki/Genealogist" class="mw-redirect" title="Genealogist">genealogists</a>, or others.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can also work on the collections of a large family or even of an <a href="/wiki/Personal_archiving" title="Personal archiving">individual</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archivists are often educators as well; it is not unusual for an archivist employed at a university or college to lecture in a subject related to their collection. Archivists employed at cultural institutions or for local government frequently design educational or <a href="/wiki/Outreach" title="Outreach">outreach</a> programs to further the ability of archive users to understand and access information in their collections. This might include such varied activities as <a href="/wiki/Art_exhibitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Art exhibitions">exhibitions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Advertising_campaign" title="Advertising campaign">promotional</a> events, community engagement, or even media coverage.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The advent of <a href="/wiki/Encoded_Archival_Description" title="Encoded Archival Description">Encoded Archival Description</a> (EAD), along with increasing demand for materials to be made available online, has required archivists to become more tech-savvy in the past decade. Many archivists are now acquiring basic <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> skills in order to make their finding aids available to researchers online.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skills">Skills</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Skills"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of the varied nature of the job within different organizations and work environments, archivists need to have a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Skills" class="mw-redirect" title="Skills">skills</a>: </p> <ul><li>Those who work in reference and access-oriented positions should have good customer services skills, to help patrons with their research.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A basic knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Preservation:_Library_and_Archival_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Preservation: Library and Archival Science">conservation</a> is needed to help extend the life of cultural artifacts. Many types of media (such as photographs, acidic papers, and unstable copy processes) can deteriorate if not stored and maintained properly.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Although many archival collections consist solely of paper records, increasingly archivists must confront the new challenges posed by the <a href="/wiki/Digital_preservation" title="Digital preservation">preservation</a> of electronic records, so they need to be forward-looking and technologically proficient.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Educational_preparation">Educational preparation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Educational preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The educational preparation for archivists varies from country to country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>. The reason given is: more university courses closed since 2017.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Society_of_Archivists" title="Australian Society of Archivists">Australian Society of Archivists</a> is the professional body for archivists, and is responsible for the accreditation of the various University courses.<sup id="cite_ref-Accredited-courses_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Accredited-courses-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first University to offer archival training was the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_South_Wales" title="University of New South Wales">University of New South Wales</a>, starting in 1973. The course closed in 2000. </p><p>As of 2017,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> courses are offered at <a href="/wiki/Curtin_University" title="Curtin University">Curtin University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sturt_University" title="Charles Sturt University">Charles Sturt University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash University</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Australia" title="University of South Australia">University of South Australia</a> at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The course at <a href="/wiki/Edith_Cowan_University" title="Edith Cowan University">Edith Cowan University</a> is being phased out.<sup id="cite_ref-Accredited-courses_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Accredited-courses-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The profession has been regulated since 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many universities in Brazil, such as the <a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Santa_Maria" title="Federal University of Santa Maria">Federal University of Santa Maria</a> (UFSM), the <a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Federal University of Espírito Santo">Federal University of Espírito Santo</a> (UFES), <a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Amazonas" title="Federal University of Amazonas">Federal University of Amazonas</a> (UFAM), and thirteen other universities, offer the degree in "archivology" which roughly translates to "<a href="/wiki/Archival_science" title="Archival science">archival science</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are various institutions which offer an archival science degree. One of those institutions is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colombia">Colombia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Colombia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Servicio_Nacional_de_Aprendizaje" class="mw-redirect" title="Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje">Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje</a> – SENA – in chain training with the <a href="/wiki/Antioquia_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Antioquia Institute of Technology">Tecnológico de Antioquia</a> Tecnológico de Antioquia<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offers an archival science degree. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In France, the oldest Archivist School is the <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_chartes" class="mw-redirect" title="École des chartes">École des chartes</a></i>, founded in 1821.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This prestigious <i><a href="/wiki/Grande_%C3%A9cole" title="Grande école">grande école</a></i> (literally, "grand schools) offers a diploma in "Archivist-Paleography", created in 1849, after a three-year curriculum.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lediplome_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lediplome-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many graduates become curators in archives, museums, and libraries or become researchers in universities.<sup id="cite_ref-lediplome_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lediplome-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some universities, like <a href="/wiki/University_of_Angers" title="University of Angers">University of Angers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Moulin_University_Lyon_3" title="Jean Moulin University Lyon 3">Jean Moulin University Lyon 3</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Versailles_Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University">Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offer a master's degree in Archival Science, while the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Burgundy" title="University of Burgundy">Burgundy</a> has a course for their <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> degree focusing on archives of 20th and 21st century Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Republic of Ireland, the <a href="/wiki/School_of_History_(University_College_Dublin)" title="School of History (University College Dublin)">School of History</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a> (UCD) offers a Masters of Arts degree in Archives and Records Management, providing the only recognized course in Ireland for the training of professional archivists, which is accredited by the <a href="/wiki/Archives_and_Records_Association" title="Archives and Records Association">Archives and Records Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UCD also offers certificates in Archives Management and Records Management.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Victoria University of Wellington</a> is the only tertiary institution in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> that provides postgraduate archival courses.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Victoria Information Studies qualifications with ARCR endorsement have been recognized by Records and Information Management Professionals Australasia.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Open_Polytechnic_of_New_Zealand" title="The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand">The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand</a> has an undergraduate course in archives management.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United Kingdom, there are currently postgraduate courses in archives administration or management from <a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth_University" title="Aberystwyth University">Aberystwyth University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dundee" title="University of Dundee">University of Dundee</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are recognised by the <a href="/wiki/Archives_and_Records_Association" title="Archives and Records Association">Archives and Records Association</a> (United Kingdom and Ireland).<sup id="cite_ref-aracareers_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aracareers-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students are expected to have relevant paid or voluntary <a href="/wiki/Work_experience" class="mw-redirect" title="Work experience">work experience</a> before obtaining a place on the UK courses, while professional certification (after qualifying) can be pursued via the Registration Scheme offered by the Archives and Records Association.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most common types of advanced degrees held by archivists are in <a href="/wiki/Archival_science" title="Archival science">archival science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_history" title="Public history">public history</a>, history, <a href="/wiki/Library_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Library science">library science</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Library_and_information_science" title="Library and information science">library and information science</a>. It is also possible for archivists to earn a doctorate in library and information science. Archivists with a PhD often work as teaching faculty, deans, or directors of archival programs.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Archivists" title="Society of American Archivists">Society of American Archivists</a> published Guidelines for a Graduate Program in Archival Studies;<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it also promotes and disseminates a code of ethics,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has undergone several revisions since it was first adopted in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-Horn_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horn-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Certified_Archivists" title="Academy of Certified Archivists">Academy of Certified Archivists</a> offers supplemental archival training by means of a certification program.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When first established in 1989, some critics of ACA certification objected to its annual membership fees, the theoretical versus practical nature of its tests, and the need for members to re-certify every five years. However, in the decades since, it has been agreed that such requirements are comparable with certification programs in other professions, and that certification strengthens professional standards and individual competencies. While some positions in archives require certification and many employers view certification as preferred, it is not required by all employers in the United States. Approximately 1,200+ archivists were certified by ACA, as of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A history of women in the archival professions detailed the Committee on the Status of Women in the political, social and cultural context of feminism and its lasting effect on the field.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_organizations_and_continuing_education">Professional organizations and continuing education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Professional organizations and continuing education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many archivists belong to a professional organization, such as the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Archivists" title="Society of American Archivists">Society of American Archivists</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Canadian_Archivists" title="Association of Canadian Archivists">Association of Canadian Archivists</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Archives_and_Records_Association" title="Archives and Records Association">Archives and Records Association</a> (UK/Ireland), the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_College_of_Archivists_-_CCA" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian College of Archivists - CCA">Colombian College of Archivists - CCA</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Society_of_Archivists" title="Australian Society of Archivists">Australian Society of Archivists</a>, as well as any number of local or regional associations. These organizations often provide ongoing educational opportunities to their members and other interested practitioners. In addition to formal degrees and or apprenticeships, many archivists take part in continuing education opportunities as available through professional associations and library school programs. New discoveries in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Media_preservation" title="Media preservation">media preservation</a> and emerging technologies require continuing education as part of an archivist's job in order to stay current in the profession.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_the_profession">History of the profession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: History of the profession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first predecessors of archival science in the West are Jacob von Rammingen's manuals of 1571.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Baldassarre_Bonifacio" title="Baldassarre Bonifacio">Baldassarre Bonifacio</a>'s <i>De Archivis libris singularis</i> of 1632.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1883, French archivist Gabriel Richou published the first Western text on archival theory, entitled <i>Traité théorique et pratique des archives publiques</i> (<i>Treaty of Theory and Practice of the Public Archives</i>), in which he systematized the archival theory of the <i><a href="/wiki/Respect_des_fonds" title="Respect des fonds">respect des fonds</a></i>, first published by <a href="/wiki/Natalis_de_Wailly" title="Natalis de Wailly">Natalis de Wailly</a> in 1841.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1898, three Dutch archivists, Samuel Muller, Johan Feith, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fruin" title="Robert Fruin">Robert Fruin</a>, published the <i>Handleiding voor het ordenen en beschrijven van archieven</i> (<i>Manual for the Arrangement and Description of Archives</i>). Produced for the Dutch Association of Archivists, it set out one hundred rules for archivists to base their work around. Notably, within these rules, the principle of preserving <a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">provenance</a> and original order was first argued for as an essential trait of archival arrangement and description.<sup id="cite_ref-Cook1997_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook1997-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these principles were subsequently adopted and developed by the British archivist <a href="/wiki/Hilary_Jenkinson" title="Hilary Jenkinson">Hilary Jenkinson</a> in his <i>Manual of Archive Administration</i>, first published in 1922, with a revised edition appearing in 1937. </p><p>In 1956, <a href="/wiki/T._R._Schellenberg" title="T. R. Schellenberg">T. R. Schellenberg</a>, known as the "Father of American Archival Appraisal",<sup id="cite_ref-Cook1997_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook1997-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> published <i>Modern Archives</i>. Schellenberg's work was intended to be an academic textbook defining archival methodology and giving archivists specific technical instruction on workflow and arrangement. Moving away from Jenkinson's organic and passive approach to archival acquisition, where the administrator decided what was kept and what was destroyed, Schellenberg argued for a more active approach by archivists to appraisal. His primary (administrative) and secondary (research) value model for the management and appraisal of records and archives allowed government archivists greater control over the influx of material that they faced after the Second World War. As a result of the widespread adoption of Schellenberg's methods, especially in the United States of America, modern <a href="/wiki/Records_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Records Management">Records Management</a> as a separate but related discipline was born.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Posner" title="Ernst Posner">Ernst Posner</a> published <i>Archives in the Ancient World</i>. Posner's work emphasized that archives were not new inventions, but had existed in many different societies throughout recorded history.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to his role in the development of American <a href="/wiki/Archival_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Archival theory">archival theory</a> and practice, he was sometimes called "the Dean of American archivists."<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Norton promoted the establishment of archives as a profession separate from history or library science and developed the American archival tradition to emphasize an administrator/archivist rather than an historian/archivist. She encouraged learning through experimentation, practical usage, and community discussion.<sup id="cite_ref-Jimerson_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jimerson-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While editor of <i>The American Archivist</i> she emphasized technical rather than scholarly issues, believing that archival records were useful in ways other than scholarly research.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawrimore_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawrimore-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="On_the_Internet">On the Internet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: On the Internet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archives_2.0">Archives 2.0</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Archives 2.0"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archivists, like librarians, are taking advantage of <a href="/wiki/Web_2.0" title="Web 2.0">Web 2.0</a> technologies such as blogs, <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wikis</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Open_access_(publishing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access (publishing)">open access</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open-source_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source model">open source</a> philosophies. Archives 2.0, by extension, is more of a participatory online repository than a true-to-form established entity, although it has fallen considerably behind Web 2.0 in overall acceptance by archivists themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Archives 2.0 may refer to implementing new technologies, it is also a way of engaging with archives in an effort to promote openness and flexibility of archival materials. This can be achieved through community participation in archives, archivists actively engaging with their collections, and promoting archival benefits in the modern world.<sup id="cite_ref-Theimer-2011_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Theimer-2011-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kate Theimer writes that in order to understand Archives 2.0, it must be compared against Archives 1.0. She asserts that her representation of Archives 1.0 is by no means exhaustive or fully comprehensive of the breadth of archival experience. The following is a list of contrasts between 1.0 and 2.0.<sup id="cite_ref-Theimer-2011_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Theimer-2011-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>"Open, not closed;</li> <li>Transparent, not opaque;</li> <li>User centered, not record centered;</li> <li>Facilitator, not gatekeeper;</li> <li>Attracting new users, not relying on users to find them;</li> <li>Shared standards, not localized practice;</li> <li>Metrics and measurement, not 'unmeasurable' results;</li> <li>Iterative products, not 'perfect' products;</li> <li>Innovation and flexibility, not adhering to tradition;</li> <li>Technology savvy, not technology phobic;</li> <li>Value doing, not knowing;</li> <li>Confident about lobbying for resources, not hesitant beggars."</li></ul> <p>The technological tools of Archives 2.0 provide the foundational platforms to help the change from 1.0 to 2.0. When working in an archives that is dedicated to upholding 2.0 standards, the focus has shifted onto the user experience at an archives.<sup id="cite_ref-Theimer-2011_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Theimer-2011-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_libraries">Internet libraries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Internet libraries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some archivists operate public libraries that are accessible on the Internet. Examples include the illegal <a href="/wiki/Shadow_library" title="Shadow library">shadow libraries</a> <a href="/wiki/Library_Genesis" title="Library Genesis">Library Genesis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anna%27s_Archive" title="Anna's Archive">Anna's Archive</a> – humanity's largest library of books – and <a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a> – humanity's largest public library of scientific articles.<sup id="cite_ref-Karaganis2018_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karaganis2018-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proponents of these libraries have made use of <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent">BitTorrent</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPFS" class="mw-redirect" title="IPFS">IPFS</a> technologies to make these sites decentralized, resilient and uncensorable.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also other projects that for instance archive digital games and make them accessible via the Internet or that keep content of defunct websites accessible. </p><p>The most comprehensive public archive on the Internet is the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> which provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites (via the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>), software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and books. As of September 2023, the Internet Archive holds over 39 million books and texts, 13.6 million movies, videos and TV shows, 1 million software programs, 15 million audio files, 4.7 million images, and 840 billion web pages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The courses at <a href="/wiki/Maynooth_University" title="Maynooth University">Maynooth University</a> were suspended for 2020/2021 term.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archival_science" title="Archival science">Archival science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archives" title="List of archives">List of archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archivists" title="List of archivists">List of archivists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Henry_Peckham" title="Howard Henry Peckham">Howard Henry Peckham</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Clement_Fitzpatrick" title="John Clement Fitzpatrick">John Clement Fitzpatrick</a> (archivists of early American history)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Archivist" title="The Archivist">The Archivist</a></i>, novel</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pearce-Moses, Richard. "Identity and Diversity: What Is an Archivist?" <i>Archival Outlook</i>, March/April 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHunter2003" class="citation book cs1">Hunter, Gregory (2003). <i>Developing and Maintaining Practical Archives: A How-to-do-it Manual</i>. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Developing+and+Maintaining+Practical+Archives%3A+A+How-to-do-it+Manual&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Neal-Schuman+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Society-of-American-Archivists-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Society-of-American-Archivists_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Society-of-American-Archivists_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.archivists.org/usingarchives/whatarearchives">"What Are Archives and How Do They Differ from Libraries?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Archivists" title="Society of American Archivists">Society of American Archivists</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202202014/https://www2.archivists.org/usingarchives/whatarearchives">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Society+of+American+Archivists&rft.atitle=What+Are+Archives+and+How+Do+They+Differ+from+Libraries%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.archivists.org%2Fusingarchives%2Fwhatarearchives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Society-of-American-Archivists-2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Society-of-American-Archivists-2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Society-of-American-Archivists-2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.archivists.org/about-archives">"What Are Archives?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Archivists" title="Society of American Archivists">Society of American Archivists</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210115105737/https://www2.archivists.org/about-archives">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Society+of+American+Archivists&rft.atitle=What+Are+Archives%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.archivists.org%2Fabout-archives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheimer2012" class="citation web cs1">Theimer, Kate (26 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journalofdigitalhumanities.org/1-2/archives-in-context-and-as-context-by-kate-theimer/">"Archives in Context and as Context"</a>. <i>Journal of Digital Humanities</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210117052216/http://journalofdigitalhumanities.org/1-2/archives-in-context-and-as-context-by-kate-theimer/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Encoded+Archival+Description&rft.pub=Archives+Hub&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archiveshub.ac.uk%2Farch%2Fead.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.archivists.org/statements/saa-core-values-statement-and-code-of-ethics">"SAA Core Values Statement and Code of Ethics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Archivists" title="Society of American Archivists">Society of American Archivists</a></i>. 1 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210212064243/https://www2.archivists.org/statements/saa-core-values-statement-and-code-of-ethics">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Society+of+American+Archivists&rft.atitle=SAA+Core+Values+Statement+and+Code+of+Ethics&rft.date=2020-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.archivists.org%2Fstatements%2Fsaa-core-values-statement-and-code-of-ethics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitzenthaler1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lynn_Ritzenthaler" title="Mary Lynn Ritzenthaler">Ritzenthaler, Mary Lynn</a> (1993). <i>Preserving Archives and Manuscripts</i>. Chicago: Society of American Archivists.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Preserving+Archives+and+Manuscripts&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Society+of+American+Archivists&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Ritzenthaler&rft.aufirst=Mary+Lynn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub89/archival.html">"The Archival Paradigm—The Genesis and Rationales of Archival Principles and Practices"</a>. Council on Library and Information Resources<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Archival+Paradigm%E2%80%94The+Genesis+and+Rationales+of+Archival+Principles+and+Practices&rft.pub=Council+on+Library+and+Information+Resources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clir.org%2Fpubs%2Freports%2Fpub89%2Farchival.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Accredited-courses-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Accredited-courses_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Accredited-courses_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archivists.org.au/learning-publications/accredited-courses">"Accredited courses"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Accredited+courses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archivists.org.au%2Flearning-publications%2Faccredited-courses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/1970-1979/L6546.htm">"L6546"</a>. <i>Presidency of the Republic of Brazil</i> (in Portuguese). 1978. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210212070441/http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/1970-1979/L6546.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Presidency+of+the+Republic+of+Brazil&rft.atitle=L6546&rft.date=1978&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planalto.gov.br%2Fccivil_03%2Fleis%2F1970-1979%2FL6546.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ufsm.br/unidades-universitarias/ccsh/historico/">"Sobre"</a> [On]. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Santa_Maria" title="Federal University of Santa Maria">Federal University of Santa Maria</a></i> (in Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201204080424/https://www.ufsm.br/unidades-universitarias/ccsh/historico/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>. <q>Com a implementação dos cursos de Arquivologia e de Comunicação Social (Habilitação em Jornalismo, Relações Públicas e Publicidade e Propaganda), ainda na mesma década, e do curso de História, o Centro passou a ter a denominação atual.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+University+of+Santa+Maria&rft.atitle=Sobre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ufsm.br%2Funidades-universitarias%2Fccsh%2Fhistorico%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ufsm.br/unidades-universitarias/ccsh/equipe/">"Equipe"</a> [Team]. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Santa_Maria" title="Federal University of Santa Maria">Federal University of Santa Maria</a></i> (in Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200910104327/https://www.ufsm.br/unidades-universitarias/ccsh/equipe/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>. <q>Curso de Arquivologia...Secretaria do Curso de Arquivologia...Departamento de Arquivologia...Secretaria do Departamento de Arquivologia</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+University+of+Santa+Maria&rft.atitle=Equipe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ufsm.br%2Funidades-universitarias%2Fccsh%2Fequipe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arquivologia.ufes.br/o-que-e-arquivologia">"O que é Arquivologia?"</a> [What is Archivology?]. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Federal University of Espírito Santo">Federal University of Espírito Santo</a></i> (in Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200222125915/https://arquivologia.ufes.br/o-que-e-arquivologia">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>. <q>O termo "Arquivologia" designa, ao menos na América Latina, o campo de estudos correspondente à área internacionalmente consolidada e conhecida como Archival Science</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+University+of+Esp%C3%ADrito+Santo&rft.atitle=O+que+%C3%A9+Arquivologia%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farquivologia.ufes.br%2Fo-que-e-arquivologia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arquivologia.ufes.br/atuacao-profissional">"O que é Arquivologia?"</a> [Professional performance]. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Federal University of Espírito Santo">Federal University of Espírito Santo</a></i> (in Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200122070518/https://arquivologia.ufes.br/atuacao-profissional">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>. <q>O bacharel em Arquivologia, também chamado no estrangeiro por archivist, archival scientist, e record manager, é reconhecido legalmente pelo termo "arquivista" e tem sido considerado um profissional da informação responsável pelos documentos arquivísticos, pela gestão documental, e por processos atinentes ao setor de arquivo ou instituições arquivísticas.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+University+of+Esp%C3%ADrito+Santo&rft.atitle=O+que+%C3%A9+Arquivologia%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farquivologia.ufes.br%2Fatuacao-profissional&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arquivologia60anos.org/">"60 anos do ensino de Arquivologia no Brasil"</a> [60 years of teaching Archivology in Brazil]. <i>Empoderando a sociedade</i> (in Portuguese). Archivology Course, <a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Santa_Maria" title="Federal University of Santa Maria">Federal University of Santa Maria</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204040237/https://arquivologia60anos.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Empoderando+a+sociedade&rft.atitle=60+anos+do+ensino+de+Arquivologia+no+Brasil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farquivologia60anos.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span> Has an interactive map which shows all the universities in Brazil which offer archival studies courses.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fic.ufam.edu.br/cursos.html">"Arquivologia"</a> [Archival science]. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Amazonas" title="Federal University of Amazonas">Federal University of Amazonas</a></i> (in Portuguese). 24 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128161511/https://www.fic.ufam.edu.br/cursos.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+University+of+Amazonas&rft.atitle=Arquivologia&rft.date=2019-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fic.ufam.edu.br%2Fcursos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grad.ubc.ca/prospective-students/graduate-degree-programs/master-of-archival-studies">"Master of Archival Studies (MAS)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Archivists" title="Society of American Archivists">Society of American Archivists</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200415022006/https://www.grad.ubc.ca/prospective-students/graduate-degree-programs/master-of-archival-studies">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Society+of+American+Archivists&rft.atitle=Master+of+Archival+Studies+%28MAS%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grad.ubc.ca%2Fprospective-students%2Fgraduate-degree-programs%2Fmaster-of-archival-studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080820042453/http://plataforma.unipamplona.edu.co/tda">"El TdeA recibió certificaciones de Calidad del ICONTEC"</a> [The TdeA received Quality certifications from ICONTEC]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plataforma.unipamplona.edu.co/tda">the original</a> on 20 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+TdeA+recibi%C3%B3+certificaciones+de+Calidad+del+ICONTEC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplataforma.unipamplona.edu.co%2Ftda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chartes.psl.eu/en/rubrique-ecole/the-ecole-nationale-chartes">"The Ecole nationale des chartes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_chartes" class="mw-redirect" title="École des chartes">École des chartes</a></i>. April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118093946/http://www.chartes.psl.eu/en/rubrique-ecole/the-ecole-nationale-chartes">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>. <q>The School occupies a key position among the heritage institutions...the new institution's goal [founded in 1821] was to educate young people in how to organise document archives and renew the study of "accumulated archives"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C3%89cole+des+chartes&rft.atitle=The+Ecole+nationale+des+chartes&rft.date=2015-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chartes.psl.eu%2Fen%2Frubrique-ecole%2Fthe-ecole-nationale-chartes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chartes.psl.eu/en/programmes">"Programmes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_chartes" class="mw-redirect" title="École des chartes">École des chartes</a></i>. 24 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210112020728/http://www.chartes.psl.eu/en/programmes">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>. <q>The École nationale des chartes issues an Archivist-Palaeographer diploma and two Master's degrees: "Digital Technologies Applied to History" and "Transnational History", which were created for the 2016-2017 school year. The School also issues PhDs in its fields of expertise.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C3%89cole+des+chartes&rft.atitle=Programmes&rft.date=2014-12-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chartes.psl.eu%2Fen%2Fprogrammes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lediplome-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lediplome_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lediplome_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chartes.psl.eu/cursus/diplome-archiviste-paleographe">"Le diplôme d'archiviste paléographe"</a> [The paleographer archivist diploma]. <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_chartes" class="mw-redirect" title="École des chartes">École des chartes</a></i> (in French). 15 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210112020647/http://www.chartes.psl.eu/cursus/diplome-archiviste-paleographe">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C3%89cole+des+chartes&rft.atitle=Le+dipl%C3%B4me+d%27archiviste+pal%C3%A9ographe&rft.date=2015-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chartes.psl.eu%2Fcursus%2Fdiplome-archiviste-paleographe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://formations.univ-angers.fr/fr/offre-de-formation/master-lmd-MLMD/sciences-humaines-et-sociales-SHS/master-archives-IZFFWD2O.html?search-keywords=archives">"Master Archives - Catalogue des formations"</a> [Master Archives - Training catalog]. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Angers" title="University of Angers">University of Angers</a></i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210215164649/http://formations.univ-angers.fr/fr/offre-de-formation/master-lmd-MLMD/sciences-humaines-et-sociales-SHS/master-archives-IZFFWD2O.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Angers&rft.atitle=Master+Archives+-+Catalogue+des+formations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fformations.univ-angers.fr%2Ffr%2Foffre-de-formation%2Fmaster-lmd-MLMD%2Fsciences-humaines-et-sociales-SHS%2Fmaster-archives-IZFFWD2O.html%3Fsearch-keywords%3Darchives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.univ-lyon3.fr/master-archives">"Master Archives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jean_Moulin_University_Lyon_3" title="Jean Moulin University Lyon 3">Lyon III</a></i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812144226/https://www.univ-lyon3.fr/master-archives">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lyon+III&rft.atitle=Master+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.univ-lyon3.fr%2Fmaster-archives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uvsq.fr/master-1-archives-parcours-gestion-des-archives-et-de-larchivage-gda">"Master 1 Archives, parcours Gestion des archives et de l'archivage (GDA)"</a> [Master 1 Archives, Archives and Archiving Management (GDA)]. <i><a href="/wiki/Versailles_Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University">Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University</a></i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024154146/https://www.uvsq.fr/master-1-archives-parcours-gestion-des-archives-et-de-larchivage-gda">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Versailles+Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines+University&rft.atitle=Master+1+Archives%2C+parcours+Gestion+des+archives+et+de+l%27archivage+%28GDA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uvsq.fr%2Fmaster-1-archives-parcours-gestion-des-archives-et-de-larchivage-gda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uvsq.fr/master-2-archives-parcours-gestion-des-archives-et-de-larchivage-gda">"Master 2 Archives, parcours Gestion des archives et de l'archivage (GDA)"</a> [Master 2 Archives, Archives and Archiving Management (GDA)]. <i><a href="/wiki/Versailles_Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University">Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University</a></i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028122514/https://www.uvsq.fr/master-2-archives-parcours-gestion-des-archives-et-de-larchivage-gda">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Versailles+Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines+University&rft.atitle=Master+2+Archives%2C+parcours+Gestion+des+archives+et+de+l%27archivage+%28GDA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uvsq.fr%2Fmaster-2-archives-parcours-gestion-des-archives-et-de-larchivage-gda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sciences-humaines.u-bourgogne.fr/departement-dhistoire-les-objectifs">"Département d'histoire : les objectifs"</a> [Department of History: the objectives]. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Burgundy" title="University of Burgundy">Burgundy</a></i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801190208/https://sciences-humaines.u-bourgogne.fr/departement-dhistoire-les-objectifs">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Burgundy&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9partement+d%27histoire+%3A+les+objectifs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsciences-humaines.u-bourgogne.fr%2Fdepartement-dhistoire-les-objectifs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sciences-humaines.u-bourgogne.fr/master-2">"Masters en Sciences Humaines"</a> [Masters in Human Sciences]. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Burgundy" title="University of Burgundy">Burgundy</a></i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126040544/https://sciences-humaines.u-bourgogne.fr/master-2">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Burgundy&rft.atitle=Masters+en+Sciences+Humaines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsciences-humaines.u-bourgogne.fr%2Fmaster-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sciences-humaines.u-bourgogne.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FF-M2-Archives-rentr%C3%A9e-2020.pdf">"Archives des XXe et XXIe siècles européens"</a> [Archives of the 20th and 21st centuries in Europe] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Burgundy" title="University of Burgundy">Burgundy</a></i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210215165942/https://sciences-humaines.u-bourgogne.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FF-M2-Archives-rentr%C3%A9e-2020.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Burgundy&rft.atitle=Archives+des+XXe+et+XXIe+si%C3%A8cles+europ%C3%A9ens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsciences-humaines.u-bourgogne.fr%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F09%2FFF-M2-Archives-rentr%25C3%25A9e-2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucd.ie/history/study/graduateprogrammes/ma_archives/">"MA in Archives and Records Management"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109074606/https://www.ucd.ie/history/study/graduateprogrammes/ma_archives/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+College+Dublin&rft.atitle=MA+in+Archives+and+Records+Management&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucd.ie%2Fhistory%2Fstudy%2Fgraduateprogrammes%2Fma_archives%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucd.ie/history/study/graduateprogrammes/cert_archives/">"Certificates in Archives Management and Records Management"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109074449/https://www.ucd.ie/history/study/graduateprogrammes/cert_archives/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+College+Dublin&rft.atitle=Certificates+in+Archives+Management+and+Records+Management&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucd.ie%2Fhistory%2Fstudy%2Fgraduateprogrammes%2Fcert_archives%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/explore/study-areas/information-systems/study?subject=information-studies">"Information Systems: Information Studies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Victoria University of Wellington</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210215173815/https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/explore/postgraduate-subjects/history/overview">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Victoria+University+of+Wellington&rft.atitle=Information+Systems%3A+Information+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wgtn.ac.nz%2Fexplore%2Fstudy-areas%2Finformation-systems%2Fstudy%3Fsubject%3Dinformation-studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/explore/postgraduate-subjects/history/overview">"Postgraduate History"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Victoria University of Wellington</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210215173742/https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/explore/study-areas/information-systems/study?subject=information-studies">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Victoria+University+of+Wellington&rft.atitle=Postgraduate+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wgtn.ac.nz%2Fexplore%2Fpostgraduate-subjects%2Fhistory%2Foverview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rimpa.com.au/professional-development/education/eventseducationrimpa-accredited-education/">"RIMPA Accredited Degrees and Diplomas"</a>. <i>Records and Information Management Professionals Australasia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031162604/https://www.rimpa.com.au/professional-development/education/eventseducationrimpa-accredited-education/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Records+and+Information+Management+Professionals+Australasia&rft.atitle=RIMPA+Accredited+Degrees+and+Diplomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rimpa.com.au%2Fprofessional-development%2Feducation%2Feventseducationrimpa-accredited-education%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openpolytechnic.ac.nz/qualifications-and-courses/lis610-archives-management/">"LIS610 Archives Management"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Polytechnic_of_New_Zealand" title="The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand">The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208151427/https://www.openpolytechnic.ac.nz/qualifications-and-courses/lis610-archives-management/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Open+Polytechnic+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=LIS610+Archives+Management&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openpolytechnic.ac.nz%2Fqualifications-and-courses%2Flis610-archives-management%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aracareers-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aracareers_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.org.uk/careers/careers-in-archives.html">"Careers in Archives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Archives_and_Records_Association" title="Archives and Records Association">Archives and Records Association</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201202094451/https://www.archives.org.uk/careers/careers-in-archives.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archives+and+Records+Association&rft.atitle=Careers+in+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.org.uk%2Fcareers%2Fcareers-in-archives.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.org.uk/careers.html">"Careers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Archives_and_Records_Association" title="Archives and Records Association">Archives and Records Association</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201212155238/https://www.archives.org.uk/careers.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archives+and+Records+Association&rft.atitle=Careers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.org.uk%2Fcareers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYakel_and_Bastian2007" class="citation journal cs1">Yakel and Bastian, Elizabeth and Jeannette (Fall–Winter 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archivists.org/a-census/reports/YakelBastian-ACENSUS.pdf">"A*Census: Report on Archival Graduate Education"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Archivist</i>. <b>69</b> (2): 349–366<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Meet+the+Guy+Behind+the+Libgen+Torrent+Seeding+Movement+%2A+TorrentFreak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorrentfreak.com%2Fmeet-the-guy-behind-the-libgen-torrent-seeding-movement-191205%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/DataHoarder/comments/jb1hkn/p2p_free_library_help_build_humanitys_free/">"p2p Free Library: Help build humanity's free library on IPFS with Sci-Hub and Library Genesis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">reddit</a></i>. 14 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reddit&rft.atitle=p2p+Free+Library%3A+Help+build+humanity%27s+free+library+on+IPFS+with+Sci-Hub+and+Library+Genesis&rft.date=2020-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2FDataHoarder%2Fcomments%2Fjb1hkn%2Fp2p_free_library_help_build_humanitys_free%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/archivists-want-to-make-sci-hub-un-censorable-1846898276">"Archivists Want to Make Sci-Hub 'Un-Censorable'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Gizmodo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=Archivists+Want+to+Make+Sci-Hub+%27Un-Censorable%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2Farchivists-want-to-make-sci-hub-un-censorable-1846898276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torrentfreak.com/annas-archive-opens-the-door-to-z-library-and-other-pirate-libraries-221118/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Anna's Archive" Opens the Door to Z-Library and Other Pirate Libraries"</a>. <i>TorrentFreak</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TorrentFreak&rft.atitle=%22Anna%27s+Archive%22+Opens+the+Door+to+Z-Library+and+Other+Pirate+Libraries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorrentfreak.com%2Fannas-archive-opens-the-door-to-z-library-and-other-pirate-libraries-221118%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/v7vnn4/shadow-libraries-are-moving-their-pirated-books-to-the-dark-web-after-fed-crackdowns">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Shadow Libraries' Are Moving Their Pirated Books to The Dark Web After Fed Crackdowns"</a>. <i>VICE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VICE&rft.atitle=%27Shadow+Libraries%27+Are+Moving+Their+Pirated+Books+to+The+Dark+Web+After+Fed+Crackdowns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fv7vnn4%2Fshadow-libraries-are-moving-their-pirated-books-to-the-dark-web-after-fed-crackdowns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/tech/tech-trends/article/3172431/web3-tech-helps-banned-books-piracy-site-library-genesis-slip">"A piece of Web3 tech helps banned books through the Great Firewall's cracks"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. 16 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=A+piece+of+Web3+tech+helps+banned+books+through+the+Great+Firewall%27s+cracks&rft.date=2022-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Ftech%2Ftech-trends%2Farticle%2F3172431%2Fweb3-tech-helps-banned-books-piracy-site-library-genesis-slip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchivist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivist&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cultural_Conservation-Restoration" title="Template:Cultural Conservation-Restoration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cultural_Conservation-Restoration" title="Template talk:Cultural Conservation-Restoration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cultural_Conservation-Restoration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cultural Conservation-Restoration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cultural_heritage_and_historic_preservation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Historic_preservation" title="Historic preservation">historic preservation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics<br /> and issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agents_of_deterioration" title="Agents of deterioration">Agents of deterioration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archival_processing" title="Archival processing">Archival processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_science" title="Archaeological science">Archaeological science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archive" title="Archive">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioarchaeology" title="Bioarchaeology">Bioarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(archives)" title="Calendar (archives)">Calendar (archives)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of cultural property">Conservation and restoration of cultural property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_immovable_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property">Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_movable_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property">Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_science_(cultural_property)" title="Conservation science (cultural property)">Conservation science (cultural property)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collecting" title="Collecting">Collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_(museum)" title="Collection (museum)">Collection (museum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_catalog" title="Collection catalog">Collection catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collections_maintenance" title="Collections maintenance">Collections maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collections_management" title="Collections management">Collections management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collections_management_system" title="Collections management system">Collections management system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage_management" title="Cultural heritage management">Cultural heritage management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property" title="Cultural property">Cultural property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property_documentation" title="Cultural property documentation">Cultural property documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property_exhibition" title="Cultural property exhibition">Cultural property exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property_imaging" title="Cultural property imaging">Cultural property imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property_storage" title="Cultural property storage">Cultural property storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_resources_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural resources management">Cultural resources management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_preservation" title="Database preservation">Database preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaccessioning_(museum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaccessioning (museum)">Deaccessioning (museum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library">Digital library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_photograph_restoration" title="Digital photograph restoration">Digital photograph restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_preservation" title="Digital preservation">Digital preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_preparedness_(cultural_property)" title="Disaster preparedness (cultural property)">Disaster preparedness (cultural property)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_preservation" title="Film preservation">Film preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_aid" title="Finding aid">Finding aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonds" title="Fonds">Fonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_in_collection" title="Found in collection">Found in collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_asset" title="Heritage asset">Heritage asset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_science" title="Heritage science">Heritage science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inherent_vice" title="Inherent vice">Inherent vice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage" title="Intangible cultural heritage">Intangible cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_pest_management_(cultural_property)" title="Integrated pest management (cultural property)">Integrated pest management (cultural property)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inventory_(library_and_archive)" title="Inventory (library and archive)">Inventory (library and archive)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inventory_(museum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inventory (museum)">Inventory (museum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_preservation" title="Media preservation">Media preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">Midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mold_control_and_prevention_(library_and_archive)" title="Mold control and prevention (library and archive)">Mold control and prevention (library and archive)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_media_preservation" title="Optical media preservation">Optical media preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_(library_and_archive)" title="Preservation (library and archive)">Preservation (library and archive)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_metadata" title="Preservation metadata">Preservation metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_survey" title="Preservation survey">Preservation survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">Provenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation_(cultural_property)" title="Repatriation (cultural property)">Repatriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruins" title="Ruins">Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_preservation" title="Sustainable preservation">Sustainable preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure" title="Treasure">Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_archiving" title="Web archiving">Web archiving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roles<br /> and expertise</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_dealer" title="Art dealer">Art dealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_handler" title="Art handler">Art handler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auctioneer" class="mw-redirect" title="Auctioneer">Auctioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_manager" title="Collection manager">Collection manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservator-restorer" title="Conservator-restorer">Conservator-restorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_scientist" title="Conservation scientist">Conservation scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_technician" title="Conservation technician">Conservation technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curator" title="Curator">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibition_designer" title="Exhibition designer">Exhibition designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_maker" title="Mount maker">Mount maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objects_conservator" title="Objects conservator">Objects conservator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paintings_conservator" title="Paintings conservator">Paintings conservator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph_conservator" title="Photograph conservator">Photograph conservator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservationist" title="Preservationist">Preservationist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registrar_(cultural_property)" title="Registrar (cultural property)">Registrar (cultural property)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_conservator" title="Textile conservator">Textile conservator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methods<br /> and techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_(artwork)" title="Aging (artwork)">Aging (artwork)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastylosis" title="Anastylosis">Anastylosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrested_decay" title="Arrested decay">Arrested decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradling_(paintings)" title="Cradling (paintings)">Cradling (paintings)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property_radiography" title="Cultural property radiography">Cultural property radiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detachment_of_wall_paintings" title="Detachment of wall paintings">Detachment of wall paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmet_method" title="Desmet method">Desmet method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_case" title="Display case">Display case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_repository_audit_method_based_on_risk_assessment" title="Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment">Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_paint_analysis" title="Historic paint analysis">Historic paint analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inpainting" title="Inpainting">Inpainting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintsugi" title="Kintsugi">Kintsugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leafcasting" title="Leafcasting">Leafcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lining_of_paintings" title="Lining of paintings">Lining of paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_deacidification" title="Mass deacidification">Mass deacidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpainting" title="Overpainting">Overpainting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-inspiration" title="Paleo-inspiration">Paleo-inspiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_splitting" title="Paper splitting">Paper splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_(architecture)" title="Reconstruction (architecture)">Reconstruction (architecture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissverklebung" title="Rissverklebung">Rissverklebung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_stabilization" title="Textile stabilization">Textile stabilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_panel_paintings" title="Transfer of panel paintings">Transfer of panel paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UVC-based_preservation" title="UVC-based preservation">UVC-based preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisualAudio" title="VisualAudio">VisualAudio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_immovable_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property">Conservation<br /> and restoration<br /> of immovable <br /> cultural property</a><br /> by item type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_archaeological_sites" title="Conservation and restoration of archaeological sites">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_frescos" title="Conservation and restoration of frescos">Frescos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">Heritage railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_historic_gardens" title="Conservation and restoration of historic gardens">Historic gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_outdoor_artworks" title="Conservation and restoration of outdoor artworks">Outdoor artworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_outdoor_bronze_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of outdoor bronze objects">Outdoor bronze objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_outdoor_murals" title="Conservation and restoration of outdoor murals">Outdoor murals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_movable_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property">Conservation<br /> and restoration<br /> of movable <br /> cultural property</a><br /> by item type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of aircraft">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_ancient_Greek_pottery" title="Conservation and restoration of ancient Greek pottery">Ancient Greek pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_bone,_horn,_and_antler_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of bone, horn, and antler objects">Bone, horn, and antler objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_books,_manuscripts,_documents_and_ephemera" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera">Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_ceramic_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of ceramic objects">Ceramic objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_clocks" title="Conservation and restoration of clocks">Clocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_copper-based_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of copper-based objects">Copper-based objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_feathers" title="Conservation and restoration of feathers">Feathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_film" title="Conservation and restoration of film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_flags_and_banners" title="Conservation and restoration of flags and banners">Flags and banners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_fur_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of fur objects">Fur objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_glass_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of glass objects">Glass objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_herbaria" title="Conservation and restoration of herbaria">Herbaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_human_remains" title="Conservation and restoration of human remains">Human remains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_illuminated_manuscripts" title="Conservation and restoration of illuminated manuscripts">Illuminated manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_insect_specimens" title="Conservation and restoration of insect specimens">Insect specimens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_iron_and_steel_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of iron and steel objects">Iron and steel objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_ivory_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of ivory objects">Ivory objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_Judaica" title="Conservation and restoration of Judaica">Judaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_lacquerware" title="Conservation and restoration of lacquerware">Lacquerware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_leather_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of leather objects">Leather objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_lighthouses" title="Conservation and restoration of lighthouses">Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_metals" title="Conservation and restoration of metals">Metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_musical_instruments" title="Conservation and restoration of musical instruments">Musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_neon_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of neon objects">Neon objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_new_media_art" title="Conservation and restoration of new media art">New media art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_paintings" title="Conservation and restoration of paintings">Paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_painting_frames" title="Conservation and restoration of painting frames">Painting frames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings" title="Conservation and restoration of panel paintings">Panel paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_papyrus" title="Conservation and restoration of papyrus">Papyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_parchment" title="Conservation and restoration of parchment">Parchment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_performance_art" title="Conservation and restoration of performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographs" title="Conservation and restoration of photographs">Photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographic_plates" title="Conservation and restoration of photographic plates">Photographic plates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_plastic_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of plastic objects">Plastic objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_rail_vehicles" title="Conservation and restoration of rail vehicles">Rail vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_road_vehicles" title="Conservation and restoration of road vehicles">Road vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_shipwreck_artifacts" title="Conservation and restoration of shipwreck artifacts">Shipwreck artifacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_silver_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of silver objects">Silver objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_of_South_Asian_household_shrines" title="Conservation of South Asian household shrines">South Asian household shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_stained_glass" title="Conservation and restoration of stained glass">Stained glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_taxidermy" title="Conservation and restoration of taxidermy">Taxidermy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_textiles" title="Conservation and restoration of textiles">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_Tibetan_thangkas" title="Conservation and restoration of Tibetan thangkas">Tibetan thangkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_time-based_media_art" title="Conservation and restoration of time-based media art">Time-based media art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_totem_poles" title="Conservation and restoration of totem poles">Totem poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_vinyl_discs" title="Conservation and restoration of vinyl discs">Vinyl discs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_woodblock_prints" title="Conservation and restoration of woodblock prints">Woodblock prints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_wooden_artifacts" title="Conservation and restoration of wooden artifacts">Wooden artifacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_wooden_furniture" title="Conservation and restoration of wooden furniture">Wooden furniture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage" title="Intangible cultural heritage">Intangible<br /> cultural heritage</a><br /> preservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_music" title="Ancient music">Ancient music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_folklore" title="Applied folklore">Applied folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_notation" title="Dance notation">Dance notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_music" title="Early music">Early music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_language" title="Endangered language">Endangered language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnochoreology" title="Ethnochoreology">Ethnochoreology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicology" title="Ethnomusicology">Ethnomusicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopoetics" title="Ethnopoetics">Ethnopoetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_folklore" title="Family folklore">Family folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">Folk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">Folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">Folk etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">Folk instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk medicine">Folk medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_process" title="Folk process">Folk process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_play" title="Folk play">Folk play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foodways" title="Foodways">Foodways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_studies" title="Folklore studies">Folklore studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_language" title="Heritage language">Heritage language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_language_learning" title="Heritage language learning">Heritage language learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_intellectual_property" title="Indigenous intellectual property">Indigenous intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous culture">Indigenous culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_language" title="Indigenous language">Indigenous language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">Language death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_preservation" title="Language preservation">Language preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization" title="Language revitalization">Language revitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_history" title="Living history">Living history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_history_preservation" title="Oral history preservation">Oral history preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_of_meaning" title="Preservation of meaning">Preservation of meaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Primitive music">Primitive music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition#Preservation" title="Tradition">Tradition preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_knowledge" title="Traditional knowledge">Traditional knowledge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br />projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_issues_of_Pompeii_and_Herculaneum" title="Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum">Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecce_Homo_(Mart%C3%ADnez_and_Gim%C3%A9nez)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecce Homo (Martínez and Giménez)">Conservation-restoration of <i>Ecce Homo</i> by Elías García Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_Thomas_Eakins%27_The_Gross_Clinic" title="Conservation-restoration of Thomas Eakins' The Gross Clinic">Conservation-restoration of <i>The Gross Clinic</i> by Thomas Eakins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_Leonardo_da_Vinci%27s_The_Last_Supper" title="Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper">Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's <i>The Last Supper</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_Pompeian_frescoes" title="Conservation and restoration of Pompeian frescoes">Pompeian frescoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_the_Shroud_of_Turin" title="Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin">Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_of_the_Sistine_Chapel_frescoes" title="Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes">Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty" title="Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty">Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_the_H.L._Hunley" title="Conservation-restoration of the H.L. Hunley">Conservation-restoration of the <i>H.L. Hunley</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_flood_of_the_Arno" title="1966 flood of the Arno">Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_and_Contemporary_Art_Research_Initiative" title="Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative">Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_Metadata:_Implementation_Strategies" title="Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies">Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635734#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635734#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635734#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Archivar"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4002865-3">Germany</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Archivarin"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4874302-1">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85006928">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13318403c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13318403c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="アーキビスト"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561046">Japan</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="archiváři"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph138712&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="archivářky"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph182337&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4576292">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007295562905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10639622">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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