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Study Demonstrates Existence of Nociceptive Responses in Shore Crabs</h1> <div class="single-meta"> <div class="metainfoleft"> <div class="info"> <span class="date"> Nov 26, 2024 by </span> <a href="https://www.sci.news/author/anderson">Natali Anderson</a> </div> </div> <div class="single-pagi"> <div class="prev-nav"> <a href="https://www.sci.news/paleontology/nipponopterus-mifunensis-13453.html">« Previous </a></div> | <div class="next-nav"> <a href="https://www.sci.news/othersciences/anthropology/homo-erectus-paranthropus-boisei-footprints-kenya-13464.html">Next »</a></div> <div class="cb"></div> </div> <div class="cb"></div> </div> </header> <section> <div id="single-heading-content">  <div class="single-right"> <article id="post-101949" class="post-101949 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biology category-featurednews tag-brain tag-carcinus tag-carcinus-maenas tag-central-nervous-system tag-crab tag-crustacean tag-decapoda tag-nervous-system tag-nociceptor tag-pain tag-receptor tag-shore-crab"> <div class="entry-content"> <p><strong><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2964977/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Nociceptors</a> are receptors that detect injurious stimuli and are necessary to convey such information from the periphery to the central nervous system. Crustaceans, such as shore crabs, are widely used in science and aquaculture. Understanding whether they can experience pain is essential for improving their welfare. One key criterion for assessing pain is the presence of nociceptors. In a new study, scientists from the University of Gothenburg, the Universidade do Algarve and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences investigated the existence of nociceptors in <a href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=107381" target="_blank" rel="noopener">shore crabs (<em>Carcinus maenas</em>)</a> by examining the central nervous system response to two types of potentially noxious stimuli, i.e., mechanical and chemical or acetic acid. Their results indicate that 32 areas around the crab’s body exhibited putative nociceptive responses that respond to a noxious chemical, with many areas having additional mechanical sensitivity.</strong></p> <div id="attachment_101954" style="width: 590px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://cdn.sci.news/images/enlarge12/image_13457e-Carcinus-maenas.jpg"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-101954" class="wp-image-101954 size-full" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13457-Carcinus-maenas.jpg" alt="Carcinus maenas. Image credit: Luis Miguel Bugallo Sánchez / CC BY-SA 3.0." width="580" height="435" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13457-Carcinus-maenas.jpg 580w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13457-Carcinus-maenas-300x225.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-101954" class="wp-caption-text"><em>Carcinus maenas</em>. Image credit: Luis Miguel Bugallo Sánchez / CC BY-SA 3.0.</p></div> <p>Recent scientific evidence suggests that decapod crustaceans such as lobsters, crabs, prawns, crayfish, and shrimps may be able to experience pain.</p> <p>However, information on the presence of nociceptors, i.e., receptors that detect noxious stimuli, remains limited.</p> <p>While nociceptive or pain-related behaviors have been observed, electrophysiological evidence of nociceptors is needed to identify which types of injurious stimuli may be painful.</p> <p>“We need to find less painful ways to kill shellfish if we are to continue eating them,” said Dr. Lynne Sneddon, a zoophysiologist at the University of Gothenburg.</p> <p>“Because now we have scientific evidence that they both experience and react to pain.”</p> <p>In their study, Dr. Sneddon and colleagues investigated the existence of nociceptive responses in various soft tissues across the bodies of shore crabs.</p> <p>This crustacean species was chosen as a model due to its widespread distribution and well-documented physiology.</p> <p>Electrophysiological recordings were conducted on the brain or the circumesophageal ganglion in response to mechanical and noxious stimuli.</p> <p>“We could see that the crab has some kind of pain receptors in its soft tissues, because we recorded an increase in brain activity when we applied a potentially painful chemical, a form of vinegar, to the crab’s soft tissues,” said Eleftherios Kasiouras, a Ph.D. student at the University of Gothenburg.</p> <p>“The same happened when we applied external pressure to several of the crab’s body parts.”</p> <p>“It is a given that all animals need some kind of pain system to cope by avoiding danger.”</p> <p>“I don’t think we need to test all species of crustaceans, as they have a similar structure and therefore similar nervous systems.”</p> <p>“We can assume that shrimps, crayfish and lobsters can also send external signals about painful stimuli to their brain which will process this information.”</p> <p>The researchers point out that we need to find more humane ways to handle and even kill crustaceans.</p> <p>At present, it is allowed to cut up a crustacean alive, unlike the mammals we eat.</p> <p>“We need more research to find less painful ways to kill shellfish,” Dr. Sneddon said.</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/11/851" target="_blank" rel="noopener">study</a> was published on October 22, 2024 in the journal <em>Biology</em>.</p> <p><span style="color: #808080;">_____</span></p> <p><span style="color: #808080;">Eleftherios Kasiouras <em>et al</em>. 2024. Putative Nociceptive Responses in a Decapod Crustacean: the Shore Crab (<em>Carcinus maenas</em>). <em>Biology</em> 13 (11): 851; doi: 10.3390/biology13110851</span></p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="single-left"> <div class="postedby"> Published in </div> <div class="single-category"><ul class="post-categories"> <li><a href="https://www.sci.news/news/biology" >Biology</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.sci.news/news/featurednews" >Featured</a></li></ul></div> <div class="postedby2"> <div class="postedby"> Tagged as </div></div> <div class="single-tags"> <a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/brain" rel="tag">Brain</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/carcinus" rel="tag">Carcinus</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/carcinus-maenas" rel="tag">Carcinus maenas</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/central-nervous-system" rel="tag">Central nervous system</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/crab" rel="tag">Crab</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/crustacean" rel="tag">Crustacean</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/decapoda" rel="tag">Decapoda</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/nervous-system" rel="tag">Nervous system</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/nociceptor" rel="tag">Nociceptor</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/pain" rel="tag">Pain</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/receptor" rel="tag">Receptor</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/shore-crab" rel="tag">Shore crab</a></div> <div class="postedby3"></div> <div class="postedby3"></div> <div class="single-related"> <div class="postedby">You Might Like </div> <div class="related"> <div class="relatedpost"> <a href="https://www.sci.news/othersciences/anthropology/hominin-brain-size-13468.html"><img width="104" height="75" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2018/04/image_5897f-Homo-heidelbergensis-104x75.jpg" class="attachment-secondpostimg size-secondpostimg wp-post-image" alt="A Homo heidelbergensis, a Neanderthal and a Cro-Magnon. 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Study Demonstrates Existence of Nociceptive Responses in Shore Crabs"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13457f-Carcinus-maenas-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Carcinus maenas. Image credit: Luis Miguel Bugallo Sánchez / CC BY-SA 3.0." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13457f-Carcinus-maenas-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13457f-Carcinus-maenas-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/biology/crustacean-nociceptors-13457.html' title='Do Crustaceans Feel Pain? Study Demonstrates Existence of Nociceptive Responses in Shore Crabs'>Do Crustaceans Feel Pain? Study Demonstrates Existence of Nociceptive Responses in Shore Crabs</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Nov 26, 2024 | Biology</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/space/uranian-moons-subsurface-oceans-13456.html" title="NASA to Search for Subsurface Oceans within Uranian Moons"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2023/05/image_11892-Uranian-Oceans-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Castillo-Rogez et al. show that there likely is an ocean layer in four of Uranus’ major moons: Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon; salty -- or briny -- oceans lie under the ice and atop layers of water-rich rock and dry rock; Miranda is too small to retain enough heat for an ocean layer. Image credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2023/05/image_11892-Uranian-Oceans-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2023/05/image_11892-Uranian-Oceans-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/space/uranian-moons-subsurface-oceans-13456.html' title='NASA to Search for Subsurface Oceans within Uranian Moons'>NASA to Search for Subsurface Oceans within Uranian Moons</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Nov 26, 2024 | Planetary Science</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/paleontology/ninumbeehan-dookoodukah-13455.html" title="Triassic Amphibian Had Unique Adaptations for Seasonal Estivation"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13455-Ninumbeehan-dookoodukah-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Life reconstruction of Ninumbeehan dookoodukah in a palaeoenvironment reconstruction depicting its life and burrowing across seasons: (left) Ninumbeehan dookoodukah is resting on the edge of a river with a low water table as the wet season ends; (center) a small community of Ninumbeehan dookoodukah are in their estivation burrows at the apex of the arid season; (right) the onset of the humid season brings rain, triggering a mass emergence of Ninumbeehan dookoodukah from their estivation burrows. Some individuals expire before the incoming rains, leaving them to be preserved as fossils. Image credit: Gabriel N. Ugueto." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13455-Ninumbeehan-dookoodukah-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13455-Ninumbeehan-dookoodukah-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/paleontology/ninumbeehan-dookoodukah-13455.html' title='Triassic Amphibian Had Unique Adaptations for Seasonal Estivation'>Triassic Amphibian Had Unique Adaptations for Seasonal Estivation</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Nov 26, 2024 | Paleontology</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/456p-panstarrs-main-belt-comet-13454.html" title="Recently-Discovered Active Asteroid is in Fact Main-Belt Comet, Astronomers Say"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13454-456P-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Images of 456P/PANSTARRS taken with the Magellan-Baade telescope in Chile on October 3, 2024, and the Lowell Discovery Telescope in Arizona on October 26, 2024, where the head, or nucleus, of the comet is at the center of each image, and the tail extends to the right. Image credit: Scott S. Sheppard / Carnegie Institution for Science / Audrey Thirouin, Lowell Observatory / Henry H. Hsieh, Planetary Science Institute." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13454-456P-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13454-456P-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/astronomy/456p-panstarrs-main-belt-comet-13454.html' title='Recently-Discovered Active Asteroid is in Fact Main-Belt Comet, Astronomers Say'>Recently-Discovered Active Asteroid is in Fact Main-Belt Comet, Astronomers Say</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Nov 26, 2024 | Astronomy</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/paleontology/nipponopterus-mifunensis-13453.html" title="New Pterosaur Species Discovered in Japan"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13453f-Nipponopterus-mifunensis-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Life restoration of a group of giant azhdarchids, Quetzalcoatlus northropi, foraging on a Cretaceous fern prairie. Image credit: Mark Witton / Darren Naish." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13453f-Nipponopterus-mifunensis-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13453f-Nipponopterus-mifunensis-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/paleontology/nipponopterus-mifunensis-13453.html' title='New Pterosaur Species Discovered in Japan'>New Pterosaur Species Discovered in Japan</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Nov 25, 2024 | Paleontology</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/webb-image-sombrero-galaxy-13452.html" title="Webb Captures New Image of Sombrero Galaxy"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13452f-Messier-104-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="This Webb image shows the Sombrero galaxy. Image credit: NASA / ESA / CSA / STScI." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13452f-Messier-104-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13452f-Messier-104-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/astronomy/webb-image-sombrero-galaxy-13452.html' title='Webb Captures New Image of Sombrero Galaxy'>Webb Captures New Image of Sombrero Galaxy</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Nov 25, 2024 | Astronomy</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/genetics/faroe-islands-colonization-13451.html" title="Viking Expansion into North Atlantic Was More Complex than Previously Thought"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2021/10/image_10195f-Vikings-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Kuitems et al. provide evidence that the Norse were active on the North American continent in the year 1021 CE. Image credit: Oscar C.R." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2021/10/image_10195f-Vikings-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2021/10/image_10195f-Vikings-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/genetics/faroe-islands-colonization-13451.html' title='Viking Expansion into North Atlantic Was More Complex than Previously Thought'>Viking Expansion into North Atlantic Was More Complex than Previously Thought</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Nov 25, 2024 | Archaeology</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/othersciences/nanotechnologies/nanopasta-13450.html" title="World’s Thinnest Spaghetti Created: Nanopasta"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13450-Nanopasta-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Britton et al. used a scanning electron microscope, scanning the mat with a focused beam of electrons and creating an image based on the pattern of electrons that are deflected or knocked-off; each individual strand is too narrow to be clearly captured by any form of visible light camera or microscope. Image credit: Beatrice Britton / Adam Clancy." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13450-Nanopasta-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13450-Nanopasta-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/othersciences/nanotechnologies/nanopasta-13450.html' title='World’s Thinnest Spaghetti Created: Nanopasta'>World’s Thinnest Spaghetti Created: Nanopasta</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Nov 25, 2024 | Materials Science</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/hubble-flocculent-spiral-ngc-2090-13449.html" title="Hubble Space Telescope Looks at Flocculent Spiral: NGC 2090"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13449-NGC-2090-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="This Hubble image shows NGC 2090, a spiral galaxy some 40 million light-years away in the southern constellation of Columba. The color image was made from separate exposures taken in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum with Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). It is based on data obtained through six filters. The color results from assigning different hues to each monochromatic image associated with an individual filter. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / D. Thilker." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13449-NGC-2090-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13449-NGC-2090-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/astronomy/hubble-flocculent-spiral-ngc-2090-13449.html' title='Hubble Space Telescope Looks at Flocculent Spiral: NGC 2090'>Hubble Space Telescope Looks at Flocculent Spiral: NGC 2090</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Nov 25, 2024 | Astronomy</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/paleontology/terastiodontosaurus-marcelosanchezi-13448.html" title="World’s Largest Worm Lizard Lived 47 Million Years Ago"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13448f-Terastiodontosaurus-marcelosanchezi-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. Image credit: Jaime Chirinos." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13448f-Terastiodontosaurus-marcelosanchezi-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13448f-Terastiodontosaurus-marcelosanchezi-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/paleontology/terastiodontosaurus-marcelosanchezi-13448.html' title='World’s Largest Worm Lizard Lived 47 Million Years Ago'>World’s Largest Worm Lizard Lived 47 Million Years Ago</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Nov 22, 2024 | Paleontology</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/othersciences/chemistry/carbon-dioxide-methane-conversion-13447.html" title="Researchers Find New Way to Convert Carbon Dioxide into Methane"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13447-Carbon-Dioxide-Methane-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Direct electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide capture species, i.e., carbamate and (bi)carbonate, can be promising for carbon dioxide capture and conversion from point-source. Image credit: Neves-Garcia et al., doi: 10.1021/jacs.4c09744." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13447-Carbon-Dioxide-Methane-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13447-Carbon-Dioxide-Methane-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/othersciences/chemistry/carbon-dioxide-methane-conversion-13447.html' title='Researchers Find New Way to Convert Carbon Dioxide into Methane'>Researchers Find New Way to Convert Carbon Dioxide into Methane</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Nov 22, 2024 | Chemistry</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/vlti-image-red-supergiant-large-magellanic-cloud-13446.html" title="VLTI Captures Detailed Image of Red Supergiant in Large Magellanic Cloud"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13446f-WOH-G64-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="This image, taken by the GRAVITY instrument on ESO’s Very Large Telescope Interferometer, shows the red supergiant WOH G64. Image credit: ESO / Ohnaka et al., doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202451820." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13446f-WOH-G64-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13446f-WOH-G64-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/astronomy/vlti-image-red-supergiant-large-magellanic-cloud-13446.html' title='VLTI Captures Detailed Image of Red Supergiant in Large Magellanic Cloud'>VLTI Captures Detailed Image of Red Supergiant in Large Magellanic Cloud</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Nov 21, 2024 | Astronomy</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/archaeology/earliest-known-alphabetic-writing-13445.html" title="Archaeologists Discover Earliest-Known Alphabetic Writing"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13445_1-Umm-el-Marra-Alphabet-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="The 4,400-year-old clay object discovered at the ancient city of Umm el-Marra, Syria; the engraved symbols may be part of the earliest known alphabet. Image credit: Glenn Schwartz, Johns Hopkins University." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13445_1-Umm-el-Marra-Alphabet-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13445_1-Umm-el-Marra-Alphabet-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/archaeology/earliest-known-alphabetic-writing-13445.html' title='Archaeologists Discover Earliest-Known Alphabetic Writing'>Archaeologists Discover Earliest-Known Alphabetic Writing</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Nov 21, 2024 | Archaeology</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/youngest-transiting-exoplanet-13444.html" title="Astronomers Discover Youngest Transiting Exoplanet"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13444-TIDYE-1b-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="An artistic interpretation of the IRAS 04125+2902 system. Image credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / R. Hurt & K. Miller, Caltech & IPAC." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13444-TIDYE-1b-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/11/image_13444-TIDYE-1b-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/astronomy/youngest-transiting-exoplanet-13444.html' title='Astronomers Discover Youngest Transiting Exoplanet'>Astronomers Discover Youngest Transiting Exoplanet</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Nov 20, 2024 | Astronomy</span> </div> </div> </div>  </div></aside><div class="adspace-widget widget"> <div class="postedby"></div> <br/></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cb"></div> </div></div></div> </section> <footer class="footer"> <div class="footer-holder"> <div class="container"> <div class="topsearch-wrapper2"> <form method="get" id="footersearch1" action="https://www.sci.news/"> <input type="text" name="s" value=" " onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value=' ';" onfocus="if(this.value==' ') this.value='';" id="s2" /> <input type="submit" value=" " id="searchsubmit" /> </form> </div> <nav class="nav"> <div id="fotnav" class="ddsmoothmenu1"><ul id="menu-menu-4" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-9173" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-9173"><a href="https://www.sci.news">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9174" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9174"><a href="https://www.sci.news/about-us">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9175" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9175"><a href="https://www.sci.news/archive">News Archive</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9176" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9176"><a href="https://www.sci.news/copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9177" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9177"><a href="https://www.sci.news/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9179" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9179"><a href="https://www.sci.news/feed">RSS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9180" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9180"><a href="https://www.sci.news/contact">Contact Us</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> <div class="cb"></div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="footer2-wrapper"> <div class="footer2-area"> <div id="footerwrapper1"> <div class="box-hold footerwrapper"> <div class="box footer1"> <div class="cb"></div> </div> <div class="box footer2"> <div class="cb"></div> </div> <div class="box footer3"> <div class="cb"></div> </div> <div class="box footer4"> <div class="cb"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <div class="copy"> <div id="bottomfooter"> <div class="site-footer"> © 2011-2024. 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