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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-決定氣候嘅因素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#決定氣候嘅因素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>決定氣候嘅因素</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-決定氣候嘅因素-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去決定氣候嘅因素細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-決定氣候嘅因素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-緯度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#緯度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>緯度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-緯度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-海拔" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#海拔"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>海拔</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-海拔-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-距離海洋嘅遠近" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#距離海洋嘅遠近"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>距離海洋嘅遠近</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-距離海洋嘅遠近-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-方位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#方位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>方位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-方位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人為因素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人為因素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>人為因素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人為因素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-太陽輻射" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#太陽輻射"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>太陽輻射</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-太陽輻射-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-氣候系統" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#氣候系統"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>氣候系統</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-氣候系統-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去氣候系統細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-氣候系統-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-組成部分同相互作用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#組成部分同相互作用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>組成部分同相互作用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-組成部分同相互作用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地球能量平衡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地球能量平衡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>地球能量平衡</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地球能量平衡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-睇埋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#睇埋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>睇埋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-睇埋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>註</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-攷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#攷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>攷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-攷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="內容一覽" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">氣候</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有161種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-161" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">161種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaat" title="Klimaat – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Klimaat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medumweder" title="Medumweder – 古英文" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Medumweder" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="مناخ – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مناخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="مناخ – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مناخ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81" title="জলবায়ু – 阿薩姆文" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জলবায়ু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿薩姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0qlim" title="İqlim – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İqlim" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ایقلیم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایقلیم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат – 巴什客爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Климат" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什客爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimats" title="Klimats – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Klimats" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Клімат – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Клімат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Клімат – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Клімат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Климат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81" title="जलवायु – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जलवायु" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81" title="জলবায়ু – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জলবায়ু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B" title="གནམ་གཤིས་ – 藏文" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གནམ་གཤིས་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hin" title="Hin – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Климат" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 宿霧文" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿霧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7" title="ئاووھەوا – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاووھەوا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podneb%C3%AD" title="Podnebí – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Podnebí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinsawdd" title="Hinsawdd – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hinsawdd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kl%C4%B1m" title="İklım – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İklım" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Κλίμα – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κλίμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate" title="Climate – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Climate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimato" title="Klimato – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Klimato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kliima" title="Kliima – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kliima" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climi" title="Climi – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Climi" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="اقلیم – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اقلیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmasto" title="Ilmasto – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ilmasto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kliima" title="Kliima – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kliima" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climat" title="Climat – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Climat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kliima" title="Kliima – 北弗里西亞文" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kliima" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaat" title="Klimaat – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Klimaat" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aer%C3%A1id" title="Aeráid – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aeráid" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gn%C3%A0th-sh%C3%ACde" title="Gnàth-shìde – 蘇格蘭蓋爾文" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gnàth-shìde" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭蓋爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ararova" title="Ararova – 瓜拉尼文" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ararova" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate" title="Climate – 豪撒文" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Climate" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪撒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אקלים – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אקלים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81" title="जलवायु – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जलवायु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaapaani" title="Hawaapaani – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Hawaapaani" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 海地文" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ghajlat" title="Éghajlat – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Éghajlat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1" title="Կլիմա – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կլիմա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate" title="Climate – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Climate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Iklim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 國際文（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="國際文（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhu_igwe" title="Lhu igwe – 伊布文" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Lhu igwe" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мехкал – 印古什文" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Мехкал" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimato" title="Klimato – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Klimato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loftslag" title="Loftslag – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Loftslag" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99" title="気候 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="気候" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaimit" title="Klaimit – 牙買加克裏奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Klaimit" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克裏奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Iklim" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="კლიმატი – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კლიმატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat – 卡拉卡爾帕克文" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Klimat" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡爾帕克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anezwu" title="Anezwu – 卡比爾文" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Anezwu" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡比爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Климат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A3" title="ವಾಯುಗುಣ – 坎那達文" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಾಯುಗುಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="坎那達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="기후 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기후" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат – 卡拉柴-包爾卡爾文" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Климат" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉柴-包爾卡爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avhewa" title="Avhewa – 庫爾德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Avhewa" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayredh" title="Ayredh – 康瓦耳文" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ayredh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康瓦耳文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Климат" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 盧森堡文" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="盧森堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekigeranyabudde" title="Ekigeranyabudde – 干達文" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ekigeranyabudde" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="干達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaat" title="Klimaat – 林堡文" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Klimaat" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ສະພາບອາກາດ – 寮文" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສະພາບອາກາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="寮文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimatas" title="Klimatas – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Klimatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimats" title="Klimats – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Klimats" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Климатсь – 莫克沙文" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Климатсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toetany" title="Toetany – 馬拉加什文" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Toetany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="馬拉加什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Клима – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Клима" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="അന്തരീക്ഷസ്ഥിതി – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്തരീക്ഷസ്ഥിതി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Уур амьсгал – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уур амьсгал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="हवामान सरासरी स्थिती – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हवामान सरासरी स्थिती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Iklim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 米蘭德斯文" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米蘭德斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%A5%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF" title="ရာသီဥတု – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရာသီဥတု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BE" title="Венельксчачо – 厄爾茲亞文" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Венельксчачо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄爾茲亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 低地德文" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaot" title="Klimaot – 低地薩克遜文" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Klimaot" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低地薩克遜文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="हावापानी – 尼泊爾文" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हावापानी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%83%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="लःफय् – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लःफय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaat" title="Klimaat – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Klimaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%B3%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81" title="ଜଳବାୟୁ – 歐利亞文" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜଳବାୟୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="歐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%C3%A6%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8A%C3%A6%D0%B4" title="Бæстыхъæд – 奧塞提文" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бæстыхъæд" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奧塞提文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80" title="ਪੌਣਪਾਣੀ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੌਣਪਾਣੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 帕皮阿門托文" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿門托文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Klimat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="کلائیمیٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کلائیمیٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_(%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7)" title="اقلیم (هوا) – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اقلیم (هوا)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clim%C4%83" title="Climă – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Climă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clim%C3%A2" title="Climâ – 羅馬尼亞語系" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Climâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞語系" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Климат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Клімат – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Клімат" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 撒丁文" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="撒丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 西西里文" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate" title="Climate – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Climate" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%A7" title="آبھوا – 信德文" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آبھوا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="දේශගුණය – 僧伽羅文" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දේශගුණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate" title="Climate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Climate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podnebie_(kl%C3%ADma)" title="Podnebie (klíma) – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Podnebie (klíma)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podnebje" title="Podnebje – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Podnebje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimilo" title="Cimilo – 索馬利文" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Cimilo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索馬利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Клима – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Клима" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim – 巽他文" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Iklim" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Klimat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabianchi" title="Tabianchi – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tabianchi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-syl mw-list-item"><a href="https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%8E%EA%A0%9F%EA%A0%9B%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%81%EA%A0%83" title="ꠎꠟꠛꠣꠁꠃ – Sylheti" lang="syl" hreflang="syl" data-title="ꠎꠟꠛꠣꠁꠃ" data-language-autonym="ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ" data-language-local-name="Sylheti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="தட்பவெப்பநிலை – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தட்பவெப்பநிலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayal" title="Kayal – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Kayal" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D2%9B%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иқлим – 塔吉克文" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иқлим" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8" title="ภูมิอากาศ – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภูมิอากาศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepo_Loapi" title="Tepo Loapi – 突尼西亞文" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Tepo Loapi" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="突尼西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0klim" title="İklim – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İklim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinguva" title="Tinguva – 特松加文" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Tinguva" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="特松加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Климат" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ber%C9%9B_tenten_mu_wien_b%C9%94ber%C9%9B" title="Berɛ tenten mu wien bɔberɛ – 特威文" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Berɛ tenten mu wien bɔberɛ" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="特威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Клімат – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клімат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8_%D9%88_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7" title="آب و ہوا – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آب و ہوا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iqlim" title="Iqlim – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Iqlim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat – 維普森文" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Klimat" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="維普森文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AD_h%E1%BA%ADu" title="Khí hậu – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khí hậu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat – 沃拉普克文" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Klimat" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klema" title="Klema – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Klema" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njuux_li" title="Njuux li – 沃洛夫文" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Njuux li" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="氣候 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="氣候" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="კლიმატი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კლიმატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98" title="קלימאט – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קלימאט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heiqhaeuh" title="Heiqhaeuh – 壯文" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Heiqhaeuh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%9C" title="ⴰⵏⴳⵉⴳⵜ – 標準摩洛哥塔馬塞特文" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵏⴳⵉⴳⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="標準摩洛哥塔馬塞特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="氣候 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氣候" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AC-h%C4%81u" title="Khì-hāu – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khì-hāu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7937#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" rel="discussion" title="關於內容頁嘅討論[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger_Climate_Classification_Map_(1980%E2%80%932016)_no_borders.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger_Climate_Classification_Map_%281980%E2%80%932016%29_no_borders.png/330px-K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger_Climate_Classification_Map_%281980%E2%80%932016%29_no_borders.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger_Climate_Classification_Map_%281980%E2%80%932016%29_no_borders.png/500px-K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger_Climate_Classification_Map_%281980%E2%80%932016%29_no_borders.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger_Climate_Classification_Map_%281980%E2%80%932016%29_no_borders.png/960px-K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger_Climate_Classification_Map_%281980%E2%80%932016%29_no_borders.png 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="柯本氣候分類法">柯本氣候分類法</a>嘅世界氣候分區圖</figcaption></figure> <p><b>氣候</b>係指長期嘅平均天氣狀況，通常計喺30年嘅時間範圍度。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlanton20131.450_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlanton20131.450-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 啲常見嘅氣象變數包括空氣溫度、相對濕度、大氣壓力、風同埋降水量。廣義嚟講，氣候仲包括咗地球系統嘅其他成分，好似海洋同冰層咁。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlanton20131.450_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlanton20131.450-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 影響每個地區氣候嘅因素有緯度、地形、海拔高度，以及附近嘅水體同佢哋嘅洋流。簡單啲講，一個地區嘅「氣候」就係佢而家嘅氣候系統狀態。 </p><p>氣候可以根據唔同變數嘅平均值同範圍嚟分類，通常係溫度同降水量。柯本氣候分類法曾經係最常用嘅系統。1948年提出嘅桑氏分類系統加入咗蒸發散量嘅數據，<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThornthwaite194855-60_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThornthwaite194855-60-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 用嚟研究生物多樣性同氣候變化對佢嘅影響。貝熱龍系統同協同空間分類系統就主要睇決定每個地區氣候嘅氣團嘅來源。 </p><p>氣候學係研究特定國家、緯度同海拔高度嘅氣候同大氣現象嘅科學。佢研究氣候嘅成因、組成元素、喺地球表面嘅分佈，以及對生物嘅影響。氣候學用長時間（30-35年）嘅氣象觀測數據，計算平均值、極值、周期性變化同大氣現象嘅頻率。然後用呢啲數據整地圖、圖表同圖解，反映特定地方嘅氣候狀況。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>古氣候學係研究喺發明氣象觀測儀器之前嘅氣候。因為喺19世紀之前冇乜直接嘅氣候觀測，所以古氣候係靠一啲指標嚟重建，包括地質證據，好似湖泊沉積物同冰芯咁，同生物證據，好似樹木年輪同珊瑚咁。氣候模型係過去、而家同將來氣候嘅數學模型。氣候可以因為唔同因素喺短期或長期內發生變化。<sup id="cite_ref-Recent_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recent-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>全球變暖導致氣候重新分佈。舉個例，「年平均溫度變化3°C相當於等溫線喺緯度上移動大約300-400公里（喺溫帶區域），或者喺海拔上升500米。因此，預計物種會因應呢啲氣候區嘅變化而向更高海拔或極地遷移。」<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes200056_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes200056-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定義"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 定義"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WorldMap_cold_hot.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="全球溫度概況圖，簡單嘅冷熱差別"><img alt="全球溫度概況圖，簡單嘅冷熱差別" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/WorldMap_cold_hot.svg/1405px-WorldMap_cold_hot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1405" height="601" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/WorldMap_cold_hot.svg/2108px-WorldMap_cold_hot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/WorldMap_cold_hot.svg/2810px-WorldMap_cold_hot.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1405" data-file-height="601" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WorldMap_cold_warm_hot.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="同一幅圖，三個溫度級別"><img alt="同一幅圖，三個溫度級別" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/WorldMap_cold_warm_hot.svg/1405px-WorldMap_cold_warm_hot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1405" height="601" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/WorldMap_cold_warm_hot.svg/2108px-WorldMap_cold_warm_hot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/WorldMap_cold_warm_hot.svg/2810px-WorldMap_cold_warm_hot.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1405" data-file-height="601" /></a></span> </p><p>「氣候」呢個字嚟自古希臘文嘅 κλίμα (klima)，即係「傾斜」嘅意思。通常定義為長期天氣狀況嘅平均。標準觀測期係30年，<sup id="cite_ref-LMeteoCat_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LMeteoCat-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>不過視乎目的，都可以用其他期間。氣候仲包括唔係平均值嘅統計數據，好似日與日或年與年之間嘅變化幅度咁。<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%96%93%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="政府間氣候變化專門委員會">政府間氣候變化專門委員會</a> (IPCC) 嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=IPCC%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E8%A9%95%E4%BC%B0%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPCC第三次評估報告 (無呢版)">第三次評估報告</a>有咁樣定義： </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:引用 (無呢版)">Template:引用</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="世界氣象組織">世界氣象組織</a> (WMO) 咁樣形容氣候正常值：「係氣候學家用嚟比較而家同過去氣候趨勢，或者所謂『正常』嘅參考點。正常值定義為30年期間氣候要素（例如溫度）嘅算術平均值。用30年係因為夠長可以過濾年際變化同異常，又夠短可以顯示較長嘅氣候趨勢。」<sup id="cite_ref-WMO_data_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO_data-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WMO係由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國際氣象組織 (無呢版)">國際氣象組織</a>演變而嚟，後者喺1929年成立咗氣候學技術委員會。喺1934年德國威斯巴登開會嗰陣，技術委員會將1901年到1930年嘅30年定為標準氣候正常值嘅參考期。1982年，WMO同意更新正常值，用1961年1月1日到1990年12月31日嘅數據。<sup id="cite_ref-WMO_history_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO_history-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>英國氣候學家Mike Hulme將氣候同天氣嘅分別總結為一句流行嘅說話：「氣候係你預期嘅，天氣係你得到嘅。」有啲變量喺歷史上幾乎唔變，決定咗氣候，包括緯度、海拔、陸地同水嘅比例，同埋同海洋同山嘅距離。呢啲地理變量要用幾百萬年先至會通過板塊構造咁嘅過程改變。其他影響氣候嘅因素就比較有變化，例如海洋嘅溫鹽環流，將北大西洋捂暖咗5°C，同其他海盆比較。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 其他海流就喺更細嘅範圍內將熱量喺陸地同水之間重新分配。植被嘅密度同類型會影響太陽熱嘅吸收，<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>仲有區域性嘅水分保留同降水。大氣中溫室氣體嘅數量變化決定咗地球保留幾多太陽能量，所以會導致全球暖化或者降溫。決定氣候嘅變量好多，而且互相影響好複雜，但至少喺決定歷史氣候變化嘅因素方面，大致嘅原理已經搞清楚咗。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELedleySundquistSchwartzHall1999453_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELedleySundquistSchwartzHall1999453-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="基本概念"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E6.9C.AC.E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5"></span>基本概念</h2><span 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(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MODIS_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/MODIS_Map.jpg/300px-MODIS_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/MODIS_Map.jpg/450px-MODIS_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/MODIS_Map.jpg/600px-MODIS_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="2700" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%B8%BD%E7%BD%B2" title="美國太空總署">美國太空總署</a>（NASA）嘅中解像度成像光譜儀影嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="衛星雲圖">衛星雲圖</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Feathery_Snow_Crystals_(2217830221).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Feathery_Snow_Crystals_%282217830221%29.jpg/330px-Feathery_Snow_Crystals_%282217830221%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Feathery_Snow_Crystals_%282217830221%29.jpg/500px-Feathery_Snow_Crystals_%282217830221%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Feathery_Snow_Crystals_%282217830221%29.jpg/960px-Feathery_Snow_Crystals_%282217830221%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">啱啱落落嚟嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E8%8A%B1" title="雪花">雪花</a>；雪係<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4" title="降水">降水</a>嘅一種。</div></div></div></div></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="地球科學">地球科學</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3" title="天氣">天氣</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>個<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="大氣圈">大氣圈</a>唔係靜止嘅，而佢嘅郁動支配咗<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3" title="天氣">天氣</a>同氣候。嚟自太陽嘅能量將地表同上面嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E5%B1%A4" title="對流層">對流層</a>入面嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" title="氣體">氣體</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%86%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="加熱">加熱</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3" title="空氣">空氣</a>一受熱就會膨脹，跟手就因為密度下降而向上升，四周圍凍啲、密度高啲嘅氣體會過嚟填補，於是乎啲空氣就係噉郁嚟郁去－就係所謂嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E7%92%B0%E6%B5%81" title="大氣環流">大氣環流</a>（Atmospheric circulation）。主要嘅大氣環流帶有緯度 30° 以下赤道地區嘅<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E9%A2%A8" title="信風">信風</a>（Trade winds）同緯度 30° 至 60° 之間嘅中緯度<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%A2%A8%E5%B8%B6" title="西風帶">西風帶</a>（Westerlies）。呢啲環流令到地球嘅熱能重新分佈，仲產生咗各種嘅天氣現象同氣候條件<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>大氣圈同水循環好有啦掕，而佢哋之間嘅互動亦都影響到天氣同氣候。由地表嗰度<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E7%99%BC" title="蒸發">蒸發</a>走嘅水蒸氣跟手就會俾大氣環流吹嚟吹去。如果大氣環境啱嘅話，又暖又濕立立嘅空氣會上升，跟住佢入面嘅水汽會<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E7%B5%90" title="凝結">凝結</a>，形成<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4" title="降水">降水</a>（包括咗<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%BD%E9%9B%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="落雨">落雨</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%BD%E9%9B%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="落雪">落雪</a>等嘅現象）跌返落地面。降水大部分都會通過河流系統流去啲低海拔嘅地區，通常會返去海或者聚集喺湖嗰度。呢種水循環係地球有得維持生命嘅主要原因之一。佢仲會侵蝕地表，令到地表喺長遠嚟睇會慢慢噉走樣<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>地球各地嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="降水量 (無呢版)">降水量</a>因為大氣環流、地貌特徵、同埋氣溫差異等嘅因素所以好唔一致，由年年幾千毫米到一年唔夠一毫米嘅都有。 </p><p>大氣圈喺各個<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AF%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="緯度">緯度</a>嘅分佈同厚度都唔同。噉都會左右到天氣同氣候。愈係喺高緯度（近兩極）嘅地區，太陽照落地面嘅角度就會愈細，於是喺嗰啲地區陽光要通過嘅大氣層就會厚啲，所以嗰啲地區冇噉好日頭，平均氣溫都會低啲。緯度每高 1 度，海平面嘅年平均氣溫就降低大約 0.4°C （0.7°F）<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。地球表面有得分做氣候大致相似嘅好多個緯度帶，由赤道到兩極跟次序係<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="熱帶氣候">熱帶</a>（Tropical）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="亞熱帶氣候">亞熱帶</a>（Subtropical）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="溫帶氣候">溫帶</a>（Temperate）、同<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%B0" title="極地">極地</a>（Arctic）氣候。氣候分區亦都可以跟氣溫同降水量嘅異同嚟整，喺呢度常用嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="柯本氣候分類法">柯本氣候分類法</a>（Köppen climate classification）將全球嘅氣候分做五大類：A類<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="熱帶氣候">熱帶氣候</a>、B類<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%BE%E6%97%B1%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乾旱氣候 (無呢版)">乾旱氣候</a>、C類<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="溫帶氣候">溫帶氣候</a>、D類<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B7%E6%BA%AB%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冷溫帶氣候 (無呢版)">冷溫帶氣候</a>、E類<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="極地氣候 (無呢版)">極地氣候</a>、同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高山氣候 (無呢版)">高山氣候</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1913年喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="加利福尼亞州">加利福尼亞州</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E8%B0%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="死亡谷國家公園 (無呢版)">死亡谷國家公園</a>嘅爐溪谷地測到嘅56.7°C（134.1°F）係地球上目前測到嘅最高氣溫<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；1983 年喺南極洲<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%83%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B%E7%AB%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沃斯托克站 (無呢版)">沃斯托克站</a>測到嘅−89.2°C（−128.6°F）係地球上有紀錄嘅最低氣溫之一<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而遙感衛星曾經喺南極洲東部測到低到−94.7°C（−138.5°F）嘅溫度，係有紀錄而嚟嘅地球最低温<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。呢啲氣溫只不過係由廿世紀以嚟用現代儀器度到嘅，可能未完整體現到地球氣溫嘅範圍。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="決定氣候嘅因素"><span id=".E6.B1.BA.E5.AE.9A.E6.B0.A3.E5.80.99.E5.98.85.E5.9B.A0.E7.B4.A0"></span>決定氣候嘅因素</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 決定氣候嘅因素"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣候系統 (無呢版)">氣候系統</a>係決定一個星球氣候嘅相互作用嘅總和。喺地球上面，有幾個因素可以影響<b>氣候</b>，分為內部同外部因素。內部因素包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AF%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="緯度">緯度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4#成分" title="大氣層">大氣層嘅化學成分</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%8B%94" title="海拔">海拔</a>高度，同埋距離<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="海洋">海洋</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7" title="海">海</a>嘅距離。<sup id="cite_ref-defi_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>外部因素就係到達<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太陽輻射 (無呢版)">太陽輻射量</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="緯度"><span id=".E7.B7.AF.E5.BA.A6"></span>緯度</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 緯度"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Klimag%C3%BCrtel-der-erde.png" class="mw-file-description" title="地球嘅地理天文區"><img alt="地球嘅地理天文區" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Klimag%C3%BCrtel-der-erde.png" decoding="async" width="3600" height="1800" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="地理">地理</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AF%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="緯度">緯度</a>決定咗太陽光線嘅傾斜度同埋<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="日">日</a>夜長短嘅差異。太陽光線越直接，地面升溫就越多。所以，越靠近<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%A5%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理極 (無呢版)">地理極</a>嘅地方氣候就越凍，相比之下靠近<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93" title="赤道">赤道</a>嘅地方就暖啲。呢個因素咁重要，以至於將地球表面嘅氣候分為幾個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%B8%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣候帶 (無呢版)">氣候帶</a>或者地理天文區，呢啲區域係根據主要<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AF%E7%B7%9A" title="緯線">緯線</a>劃分嘅地理區域。 </p><p>緯度嘅變化實際上係因為地球<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89%E8%BB%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自轉軸 (無呢版)">自轉軸</a>嘅傾斜度造成嘅。太陽光線嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A5%E5%B0%84%E8%A7%92_(%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="入射角 (光學) (無呢版)">入射角</a>喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%A4%A9" title="夏天">夏天</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%A4%A9" title="冬天">冬天</a>唔一樣，呢個就係造成<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="季節">季節</a>差異嘅原因。 </p><p>太陽光線嘅傾斜度越大，佢就要穿過更多嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" title="地球大氣層">地球大氣層</a>，比起垂直入射嘅情況，光線會減弱得更多。另一方面，傾斜度越大，輻射強度嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水平 (無呢版)">水平</a>分量就越大。用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8" title="三角函數">三角函數</a>可以睇到：<i><big>I (入射) = I (總) · cosθ</big></i>。<sup id="cite_ref-SmithGranqvist2011_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SmithGranqvist2011-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="海拔"><span id=".E6.B5.B7.E6.8B.94"></span>海拔</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 海拔"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ground_inversion_layer_%E5%86%AC%E3%81%AE%E6%9C%9D%E3%81%AB%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%97%E3%81%AE%E6%8E%A5%E5%9C%B0%E9%80%86%E8%BB%A2%E5%B1%A4_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="呢張相可以睇到溫度逆轉嘅邊界層。上面冇雲。"><img alt="呢張相可以睇到溫度逆轉嘅邊界層。上面冇雲。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Ground_inversion_layer_%E5%86%AC%E3%81%AE%E6%9C%9D%E3%81%AB%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%97%E3%81%AE%E6%8E%A5%E5%9C%B0%E9%80%86%E8%BB%A2%E5%B1%A4_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="2560" height="1920" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span> 一個地方嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%8B%94" title="海拔">海拔</a>高度決定咗佢嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="溫度">溫度</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%95%E5%BA%A6" title="濕度">濕度</a>。高嘅地方通常氣候較凍，而且<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大氣降水 (無呢版)">降水</a>較多。大概每上升100<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="米">米</a>，溫度就會下降0.6<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E6%B0%8F%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="攝氏度">攝氏度</a>。所以高地比低地凍，除非出現<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6%E9%80%86%E8%BD%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溫度逆轉 (無呢版)">溫度逆轉</a>嘅情況。而且，喺一定範圍內，海拔越高，降水量就越多，山區嘅雨水比平原多。某程度上嚟講，就溫度而言，海拔升高就好似緯度升高一樣。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="距離海洋嘅遠近"><span id=".E8.B7.9D.E9.9B.A2.E6.B5.B7.E6.B4.8B.E5.98.85.E9.81.A0.E8.BF.91"></span>距離海洋嘅遠近</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: 距離海洋嘅遠近"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MonthlyMeanT.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="顯示全年每個月溫度變化嘅動畫"><img alt="顯示全年每個月溫度變化嘅動畫" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/MonthlyMeanT.gif" decoding="async" width="550" height="340" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> 靠近<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="海洋">海洋</a>會影響溫度，同時令濕度增加。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="海岸">海岸</a>地區產生嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E9%A2%A8" title="海風">海風</a>會緩和唔同<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="季節">季節</a>嘅溫度。即係話冬天有暖風，夏天有涼風。所以，靠近海岸嘅地區受到海洋嘅影響，溫度會比較溫和。冬天冇咁凍，夏天冇咁熱，同內陸地區比較。 </p><p>相反，高<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大陸性 (無呢版)">大陸性</a>會加劇<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%AB%E5%B7%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溫差 (無呢版)">溫差</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-defi_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>會導致冬天又凍又乾，夏天又熱又乾。 </p><p>大陸性係因為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%86%B1%E5%AE%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="比熱容">比熱容</a>高，可以喺夏天保持較低嘅溫度，冬天保持較高嘅溫度。換句話講，就係水有好大嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%B1%E6%85%A3%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熱慣性 (無呢版)">熱慣性</a>。因此，水體係最重要嘅氣候調節因素。講到每日溫度波動，溫差越大，日夜溫度差異就越大。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="方位"><span id=".E6.96.B9.E4.BD.8D"></span>方位</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯小節: 方位"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="地質">地質</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2_(%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地形 (地理) (無呢版)">地形</a>對<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8" title="風">風</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%85%A7" title="日照">日照</a>嘅作用有重大影響，呢啲都會影響氣候。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人為因素"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E7.82.BA.E5.9B.A0.E7.B4.A0"></span>人為因素</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯小節: 人為因素"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Urban_heat_island_(Celsius).png" class="mw-file-description" title="城市地區嘅熱島效應"><img alt="城市地區嘅熱島效應" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Urban_heat_island_%28Celsius%29.png" decoding="async" width="2000" height="1112" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1112" /></a></span> 城市區域或者高度<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%8C%96" title="工業化">工業化</a>嘅地區有特殊嘅氣候，表現得好似<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%B1%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熱島 (無呢版)">熱島</a>一樣，降水量較多，空氣較乾燥，輻射較少。人為造成嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E8%AE%8A%E6%9A%96" title="全球變暖">全球變暖</a>亦都令到地球唔同地方嘅局部氣候發生變化。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="太陽輻射"><span id=".E5.A4.AA.E9.99.BD.E8.BC.BB.E5.B0.84"></span>太陽輻射</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯小節: 太陽輻射"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>氣候取決於太陽輻射能量喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" title="大氣層">大氣層</a>同地球表面嘅分配方式。到達地表嘅能量越多嘅地方，氣候就越暖和；相反，能量越少嘅地方，氣候就越寒冷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="氣候系統"><span id=".E6.B0.A3.E5.80.99.E7.B3.BB.E7.B5.B1"></span>氣候系統</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯小節: 氣候系統"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Keihl_and_Trenberth_(1997)SunClimateSystem.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="圖表：氣候系統嘅相互作用。Keihl同Trenberth (1997)"><img alt="圖表：氣候系統嘅相互作用。Keihl同Trenberth (1997)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Keihl_and_Trenberth_%281997%29SunClimateSystem.JPG" decoding="async" width="2288" height="1414" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1414" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣候系統 (無呢版)">氣候系統</a>喺1975年由世界氣象組織嘅GARP（全球大氣研究計劃）嘅文件中定義為由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" title="大氣層">大氣層</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%88" title="水圈">水圈</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E9%9B%AA%E5%9C%88" title="冰雪圈">冰雪圈</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3%E5%9C%88" title="岩石圈">岩石圈</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a>組成嘅系統。之後，喺1992年喺里約熱內盧簽署嘅《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》將氣候系統定義為大氣圈、水圈、生物圈同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地圈 (無呢版)">地圈</a>，以及佢哋之間嘅相互作用。雖然呢兩個定義好似，但係後者更加強調相互作用，呢個係氣候系統最突出嘅特徵之一。大氣、土壤、海洋、水面、冰雪覆蓋嘅表面，以及海洋同土壤中嘅植被同其他生物，都緊密相連。正係呢種連接令到我哋好難明白系統嘅運作方式，亦都令到建模變得困難。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="組成部分同相互作用"><span id=".E7.B5.84.E6.88.90.E9.83.A8.E5.88.86.E5.90.8C.E7.9B.B8.E4.BA.92.E4.BD.9C.E7.94.A8"></span>組成部分同相互作用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&section=11" title="編輯小節: 組成部分同相互作用"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>大氣層係系統中最唔穩定同最多變化嘅組成部分。佢嘅組成喺地球歷史上改變過好多次。大氣層主要由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="氮氣">氮氣</a>（78.1%）同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%A3" title="氧氣">氧氣</a>（20.9%）組成。呢啲氣體同入射嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太陽輻射 (無呢版)">太陽輻射</a>嘅相互作用有限，亦都唔會同地球發出嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紅外線">紅外線</a>輻射相互作用。不過，大氣中有啲氣體會同呢啲光相互作用，特別係<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>（CO₂）同<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7" title="甲烷">甲烷</a>（CH₄），呢啲氣體就叫做溫室氣體。 </p><p>冰雪圈通過佢嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%8E%87" title="反照率">反照率</a>（反射能力）、低<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%82%B3%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="熱傳導率">熱傳導率</a>，同埋最重要嘅係佢喺深海洋環流中嘅關鍵作用，影響住氣候系統。另外，地球上嘅冰雪地區儲存咗大量嘅水，佢哋體積嘅變化會令到<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%B5%B7%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="平均海平面">平均海平面</a>上升。 </p><p>氣候系統嘅組成部分之間有好多相互作用，因為佢哋全部都係開放系統，可以同時交換質量同熱量。一個相互作用嘅例子就係海洋-大氣系統，呢個系統緊密相連，通過<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E7%99%BC" title="蒸發">蒸發</a>交換<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="水蒸氣">水蒸氣</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="熱量">熱量</a>。呢個係<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水文循環 (無呢版)">水文循環</a>嘅一部分，導致<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E7%B5%90" title="凝結">凝結</a>、雲嘅形成同降水，同時為系統提供能量。海洋-大氣系統仲會交換氣體，好似二氧化碳，海洋喺呢度扮演住一個大型<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="碳匯 (無呢版)">碳匯</a>嘅角色。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="地球能量平衡"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.83.E8.83.BD.E9.87.8F.E5.B9.B3.E8.A1.A1"></span>地球能量平衡</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&section=12" title="編輯小節: 地球能量平衡"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>氣候系統由太陽輻射驅動，大約49%被地球表面吸收，20%被大氣層吸收（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climateknowledge.org/figures/Rood_Climate_Change_AOSS480_Documents/Kiehl_Trenberth_Radiative_Balance_BAMS_1997.pdf">Kiehl同Trenberth 1997</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104093751/http://climateknowledge.org/figures/Rood_Climate_Change_AOSS480_Documents/Kiehl_Trenberth_Radiative_Balance_BAMS_1997.pdf">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期2021-11-04.）。呢啲能量令到地球升溫，但係升溫亦都令到地球開始向太空輻射能量。總之，地球嘅溫度就係吸收嘅能量同失去嘅能量平衡嘅溫度。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&section=13" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="熱力學">熱力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="複雜系統">複雜系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%A6%8F%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="自然規律">自然規律</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註"><span id=".E8.A8.BB"></span>註</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&section=14" title="編輯小節: 註"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Recent-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Recent_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">有關最近嘅升溫事件嘅更多信息，請參閱「<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E8%AE%8A%E6%9A%96" title="全球變暖">全球變暖</a>」。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="攷"><span id=".E6.94.B7"></span>攷</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&section=15" title="編輯小節: 攷"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2018312">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2018311">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%89%88" class="extiw" title="commons:頭版">維基同享</a>有多媒體嘅嘢：<br /><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Climate" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Climate"><span style="">Climate</span></a></b></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlanton20131.450-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlanton20131.450_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlanton20131.450_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlanton2013">Planton 2013</a>, p. 1.450.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFPlanton2013 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors (無呢版)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThornthwaite194855-60-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThornthwaite194855-60_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThornthwaite1948">Thornthwaite 1948</a>, p. 55-60.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFThornthwaite1948 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors (無呢版)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ref-web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Ref-web (無呢版)">Template:Ref-web</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes200056-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes200056_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2000">Hughes 2000</a>, p. 56.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFHughes2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors (無呢版)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LMeteoCat-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LMeteoCat_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ref-web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Ref-web (無呢版)">Template:Ref-web</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO_data-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WMO_data_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ref-web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Ref-web (無呢版)">Template:Ref-web</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO_history-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WMO_history_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ref-web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Ref-web (無呢版)">Template:Ref-web</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ref-web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Ref-web (無呢版)">Template:Ref-web</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ref-web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Ref-web (無呢版)">Template:Ref-web</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELedleySundquistSchwartzHall1999453-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELedleySundquistSchwartzHall1999453_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLedleySundquistSchwartzHall1999">Ledley et al. 1999</a>, p. 453.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFLedleySundquistSchwartzHall1999 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors (無呢版)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moran, J. M. <i>Weather</i>. World Book Online Reference Center. NASA/World Book, Inc. 2005 [2007-03-17]. （原始內容存檔於 2013-03-10）.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2190673">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .references-small,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4>.zit3,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4>.zit3,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4>.zit3,.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6>.zit3{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zit3>.zit3,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zit3>.zit3,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zit3>.zit3,.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zit3>.zit3{display:inline-flex}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .hoi1,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .fan1gaak3,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .saan1,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .hoi1,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .fan1gaak3,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .saan1{display:inline-block;width:0;height:0;font-size:0.1px;color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .fan1gaak3{font-size:0.125px}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4+.pin1ming4,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4+.syu1ming4,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4+.pin1ming4,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4+.syu1ming4,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4+.zyun1ming4{margin-left:0.0833em}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0.05em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .hai2zeoi3tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .hai2zeoi3tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0.14em 0 0.05em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0.14em 0 0)}.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf?"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf#"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF?"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF#"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf?"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf#"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF?"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF#"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1{width:unset;font-size:unset}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.zi6:after{overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0)}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0.14em 0 0 0)}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.5em)}.mw-parser-output .fan1gaak3+.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0.1em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{position:absolute;align-self:baseline;margin-left:-1em}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after{padding-top:1em;content:"﹋"}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after{content:"︳";transform-origin:bottom left;transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.35em)}.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{padding-top:0.6em;content:"·";width:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .koen1zo2,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .hoi1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .hoi1-adj{margin-left:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .koen1jau6,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .saan1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .saan1-adj{margin-right:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b{white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:0.05em solid currentColor}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+link+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b{margin-left:0.083em}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul>li{margin-left:3em;text-indent:-3em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200427090734/http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/home.rxml">"The Hydrologic Cycle"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/home.rxml">原著</a>喺2020年4月27號歸檔<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺2017年11月12號搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Hydrologic+Cycle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu%2F%28Gh%29%2Fguides%2Fmtr%2Fhyd%2Fhome.rxml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sadava, D. E.; Heller, H. C.; Orians, G. H. <i>Life, the Science of Biology</i>. 8th. MacMillan. 2006: 1114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100808131632/http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/climate/older/Climate_Zones.html">Climate Zones</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/highest-recorded-temperature/">Highest recorded temperature</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lyons, W. A. <i>The Handy Weather Answer Book</i>. 2nd. Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink Press. 1997.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/10/coldest-temperature-recorded-earth-antarctica-guinness-book">Coldest temperature ever recorded on Earth in Antarctica: -94.7C (-135.8F)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-defi-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-defi_19-0">18.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-defi_19-1">18.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ref-llibre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Ref-llibre (無呢版)">Template:Ref-llibre</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SmithGranqvist2011-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SmithGranqvist2011_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ref-llibre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Ref-llibre (無呢版)">Template:Ref-llibre</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="地球（拉丁文：TerraCategory:有拉丁文嘅文章）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="Template:地球"><abbr title="去睇呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="Template talk:地球"><abbr title="傾呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">傾</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83&action=edit"><abbr title="編輯呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地球（拉丁文：TerraCategory:有拉丁文嘅文章）" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>：<span title="拉丁文-文字"><span lang="la">Terra</span></span>）</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="地球科學（地球物理學_·_地球化學）_·_地球史"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="地球科學">地球科學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="地球物理學">地球物理學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="地球化學">地球化學</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8F%B2" title="地球史">地球史</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="大陸">大陸</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="歐亞大陸">歐亞大陸</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="亞洲">亞洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="北美洲">北美洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="南美洲">南美洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="澳洲大陸">澳洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%A5%B5%E6%B4%B2" title="南極洲">南極洲</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-earth.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-earth.svg/150px-Emblem-earth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-earth.svg/225px-Emblem-earth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-earth.svg/300px-Emblem-earth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B" title="大洋">大洋</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B" title="印度洋">印度洋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" title="大西洋">大西洋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋">北冰洋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B" title="南大洋">南大洋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B" title="世界大洋">世界大洋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E6%B5%B7" title="深海">深海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%8B%E6%B5%81" title="洋流">洋流</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="地質學">地質</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%98%85%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="地球嘅結構">地球嘅結構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="地球引力">地球引力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%A3%81%E5%A0%B4" title="地磁場">地磁場</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%9C%B0%E6%AE%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="地球地殼">地殼</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0" title="板塊構造">板塊構造</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%AE%BC%E8%AE%8A%E5%8B%95" title="地殼變動">地殼變動</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%8F%B2" title="地球地質史">地球地質史</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%98%85%E5%B9%B4%E9%BD%A1" title="地球嘅年齡">地球嘅年齡</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="地質時代">地質時代</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9D%95" title="侵蝕">侵蝕</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" title="地球大氣層">大氣層</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E5%B1%A4" title="對流層">對流層</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%B1%A4" title="平流層">平流層</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%96%93%E5%B1%A4" title="中間層">中間層</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%88%90%E5%B1%A4" title="熱成層">熱成層</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E9%80%B8%E5%B1%A4" title="散逸層">散逸層</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%A4" title="臭氧層">臭氧層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3" title="空氣">空氣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3" title="天氣">天氣</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">氣候</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" title="氣候變化">氣候變化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E8%AE%8A%E6%9A%96" title="全球變暖">全球變暖</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%94%9F%E6%BA%90%E8%AB%96" title="無生源論">無生源論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%BE%A4%E7%B3%BB" title="生物群系">生物群系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="生態學">生態學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="生態系統">生態系統</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%B2" title="生命進化史">生命進化史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人">人類</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="人類進化">人類進化</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="地理學">地理學</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0" title="地">地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7" title="海">海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%8B" title="洋">洋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%B0" title="極地">極地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D" title="方位">方位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E5%8D%80" title="時區">時區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="地圖學">地圖學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96" title="地圖">地圖</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96" title="世界地圖">世界地圖</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%84%80" title="地球儀">地球儀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F" title="衛星影像">衛星影像</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="虛擬地球">虛擬地球</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="全球定位系統">全球定位系統</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">社會文化</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="文明">文明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="世界">世界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8F%B2" title="世界史">世界史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B" title="國">國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="世界經濟">世界經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="國際關係">國際關係</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="全球化">全球化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%9D%91" title="地球村">地球村</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%97%A5" title="世界地球日">世界地球日</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="行星科學">行星科學</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89" title="地球自轉">地球自轉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93" title="地球軌道">地球軌道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E5%85%89" title="月光">月光</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB" title="太陽系">太陽系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE" title="地球位置">地球位置</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E5%98%85%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E5%90%8C%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="太陽系嘅形成同演化">太陽系嘅形成同演化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="類地行星">類地行星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%98%85%E5%B0%87%E4%BE%86" title="地球嘅將來">地球嘅將來</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%98%E5%A8%81%E8%84%85" title="人類生存威脅">人類生存威脅</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="Category:地球">地球類</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="權威控制" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="權威控制" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%A8%81%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="權威控制">權威控制</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="extiw" title="en:Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85027036">sh85027036</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="extiw" title="en:Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4031170-3">4031170-3</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119540674">cb119540674</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119540674">資料</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="extiw" title="en:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F007770.php">007770</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E5%9B%B3%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="extiw" title="ja:国立国会図書館">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00565788">00565788</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="extiw" title="en:National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph121617&CON_LNG=ENG">ph121617</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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