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mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the modern Catholic military order. For its medieval predecessor, see <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a>. For the period of Malta under its rule, see <a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Malta" title="Hospitaller Malta">Hospitaller Malta</a>. For the unrelated Republic of Malta, see <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>. "Knight of Malta" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Malta_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Knight of Malta (disambiguation)">Knight of Malta (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style>The Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), officially the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta,<a href="#cite_note-4">[a]</a> and commonly known as the Order of Malta or the Knights of Malta, is a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">lay religious order</a>, traditionally of a <a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)" title="Military order (religious society)">military</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">chivalric</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">noble</a> nature.<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> Though it possesses no territory, the order is often considered a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign</a> entity under international law. <table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta</div><div class="ib-country-names">Sovrano Militare Ordine Ospedaliero di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme, di Rodi e di Malta (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>) Supremus Militaris Ordo Hospitalarius Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani, Rhodiensis et Melitensis (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_(various).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Flag of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_(variant).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="649"></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: Tuitio fidei et obsequium pauperum (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>) "Defence of the faith and assistance to the poor"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: <a href="/wiki/Ave_Crux_Alba" title="Ave Crux Alba">Ave Crux Alba</a> (Latin) Hail, thou White Cross <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-mwtitle="Anthem_of_the_Sovereign_Order_of_Malta.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Anthem_of_the_Sovereign_Order_of_Malta.ogg" type="audio/ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Anthem_of_the_Sovereign_Order_of_Malta.ogg/Anthem_of_the_Sovereign_Order_of_Malta.ogg.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Anthem_of_the_Sovereign_Order_of_Malta.ogg/Anthem_of_the_Sovereign_Order_of_Malta.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Malta" title="Palazzo Malta">Palazzo Malta</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&params=41_54_19_N_12_28_50_E_type:landmark_region:MT">41°54′19″N 12°28′50″E / 41.90528°N 12.48056°E / 41.90528; 12.48056</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villa_del_Priorato_di_Malta" title="Villa del Priorato di Malta">Villa del Priorato di Malta</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&params=41_53_01_N_12_28_39_E_region:IT_type:landmark_source:kolossus-nlwiki">41°53′01″N 12°28′39″E / 41.88361°N 12.47750°E / 41.88361; 12.47750</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a><a href="#cite_note-constitution-1">[1]</a>: Constitution Article 7 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller">Grand Master</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_T._Dunlap" title="John T. Dunlap">John T. Dunlap</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Commander_(order)" title="Commander (order)">Grand Commander</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Rousseau" title="Emmanuel Rousseau">Emmanuel Rousseau</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Grand Chancellor</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Patern%C3%B2_di_Montecupo" title="Riccardo Paternò di Montecupo">Riccardo Paternò di Montecupo</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Grand Hospitaller</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lourdes_Medical_Bureau#Alessandro_di_Franciscis" title="Lourdes Medical Bureau">Alessandro de Franciscis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="#Organisation">Receiver of the Common Treasure</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Fabrizio Colonna</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereign subject</a> of <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1099; 925 years ago (1099)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Pie_postulatio_voluntatis" title="Pie postulatio voluntatis">Papal recognition</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1113</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1291–1310</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller Rhodes">Rhodes</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1310–1523</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Malta" title="Hospitaller Malta">Malta</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1530–1798</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(Bailiwick_of_Brandenburg)" title="Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)">Division</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1805–1812</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Malta" title="Palazzo Malta">Seat in Rome</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1834–present</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 km2 (0 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">13,191 members (2023)<a href="#cite_note-ariccia-2">[2]</a>: p. 38 39 vowed members (33 knights; 6 chaplains)<a href="#cite_note-ariccia-2">[2]</a>: p. 18 3 citizens<a href="#cite_note-citizens-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_scudo" title="Maltese scudo">Maltese scudo</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website">Website <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int">www.orderofmalta.int</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The order claims continuity with the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">chivalric order</a> that was founded about 1099 by the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Gerard" title="Blessed Gerard">Blessed Gerard</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> The order is led by an elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_and_Grand_Masters_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">prince and grand master</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> Its <a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">motto</a> is Tuitio fidei et obsequium pauperum ("Defence of the faith and assistance to the poor"). The Order's membership includes about 13,500 Knights, Dames and Chaplains.<a href="#cite_note-members-8">[7]</a> Thirty-three of these are professed <a href="/wiki/Religious_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious (Catholic Church)">religious</a> <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Knights of Justice">Knights of Justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ariccia-2">[2]</a> Until the 1990s, the highest classes of membership, including officers, required proof of noble lineage. More recently, a path was created for Knights and Dames of the lowest class (of whom proof of aristocratic lineage is not required) to be specially elevated to the highest class, making them eligible for office in the order. The Order's modern-day role is largely focused on providing humanitarian assistance and assisting with international humanitarian relations, for which purpose it has had <a href="/wiki/List_of_Permanent_Observers_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Permanent Observers of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta to the United Nations">permanent observer status</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> since 1994.<a href="#cite_note-UN_ARES48265-9">[8]</a> The Order employs about 52,000 doctors, nurses, auxiliaries and <a href="/wiki/Paramedic" title="Paramedic">paramedics</a> assisted by 95,000 volunteers in more than 120 countries, assisting children, homeless, disabled, elderly, and <a href="/wiki/Terminal_illness" title="Terminal illness">terminally ill</a> people, refugees, and <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">lepers</a> around the world without distinction of ethnicity or religion.<a href="#cite_note-M13000-10">[b]</a> Through its worldwide relief corps, <a href="/wiki/Malteser_International" title="Malteser International">Malteser International</a>, the order aids victims of <a href="/wiki/Natural_disaster" title="Natural disaster">natural disasters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epidemic" title="Epidemic">epidemics</a> and war.<a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a> The Order maintains diplomatic relations with 113 states,<a href="#cite_note-Bilateral_relations-12">[10]</a> enters into treaties, and issues <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_passport" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta passport">its own passports</a>, coins and postage stamps. Its two headquarters buildings in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> enjoy extraterritoriality,<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> and it maintains embassies in other countries. The three principal officers are counted as citizens.<a href="#cite_note-citizens-3">[3]</a> Although the Order has been a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">United Nations General Assembly observer</a> since 1994,<a href="#cite_note-Bilateral_relations-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> this was granted in view of its "long-standing dedication [...] in providing humanitarian assistance and its special role in international humanitarian relations";<a href="#cite_note-UN_ARES48265-9">[8]</a> the same category is held by other non-state entities such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Name_and_insignia">1 Name and insignia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John">2 History of the Order of Saint John</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Founding">2.1 Founding</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Cyprus">2.2 Cyprus</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Rhodes">2.3 Rhodes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Malta">2.4 Malta</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Exile">2.5 Exile</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta">2.6 Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Current_activity">2.6.1 Current activity</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Constitutional_reform">2.7 Constitutional reform</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Organisation">3 Organisation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Governance">3.1 Governance</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Regional_divisions">3.2 Regional divisions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Membership">3.3 Membership</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Religious_officers">3.4 Religious officers</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Cardinal_Patron">3.4.1 Cardinal Patron</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Special_delegate">3.4.2 Special delegate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#Prelate">3.4.3 Prelate</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Relationship_with_other_mutually-recognised_Orders_of_Saint_John">3.5 Relationship with other mutually-recognised Orders of Saint John</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Nuns_of_the_Order">4 Nuns of the Order</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#International_status">5 International status</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Scholarly_debate">5.1 Scholarly debate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Relations_with_the_Holy_See">5.2 Relations with the Holy See</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Relations_with_Italy">5.3 Relations with Italy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Relations_with_the_Republic_of_Malta">5.4 Relations with the Republic of Malta</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Currency_and_postage_stamps">5.5 Currency and postage stamps</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Military_Corps">6 Military Corps</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Air_force">6.1 Air force</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Logistics">6.2 Logistics</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Orders,_decorations,_and_medals">7 Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Notes">9 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#References">10 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Bibliography">10.1 Bibliography</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Further_reading">11 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Name_and_insignia">Name and insignia</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name and insignia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Flag and coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Flag and coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></div> The Order of Malta comprises a large number of <a href="/wiki/Priory" title="Priory">Priories</a>, Sub-priories, and National Associations around the world, but there also exist various organizations with similar-sounding names that are unrelated to the Order. These include a number of mimic orders,<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Masonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Masonic">masonic</a> and non-Catholic organizations.<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> The Order has two <a href="/wiki/Heraldic_flag" title="Heraldic flag">flags</a>:<a href="#cite_note-constitution-1">[1]</a>: Constitution Article 8 the State Flag is rectangular with a red background upon which there is a white <a href="/wiki/Latin_cross" title="Latin cross">Latin cross</a>.<a href="#cite_note-flags-18">[16]</a> The Flag of the Order's works is rectangular with a red background upon which there is a white eight-pointed <a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">Maltese cross</a>.<a href="#cite_note-flags-18">[16]</a> The Grand Master displays a rectangular flag with a red background upon which there is a white eight-pointed Maltese cross, encircled by the <a href="/wiki/Collar_of_the_Order_of_Saint_Michael" title="Collar of the Order of Saint Michael">Collar of the Order</a> and surmounted by a crown.<a href="#cite_note-flags-18">[16]</a> The coat of arms of the Order, gules a cross argent (a white/silver cross on a red field), is most often depicted on an oval shield surrounded by a rosary, all superimposed on a white eight-pointed <a href="/wiki/Cross" title="Cross">cross</a> over a princely mantle surmounted by a <a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">crown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-constitution-1">[1]</a>: Constitution Article 8 § 2 In <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_heraldry" title="Ecclesiastical heraldry">ecclesiastical heraldry</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, the Order of Malta is one of only two orders (along with the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Order of the Holy Sepulchre">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a>) whose <a href="/wiki/Insignia" title="Insignia">insignia</a> may be displayed in a clerical <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> (laypersons having no such restriction). The shield is surrounded with a silver <a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">rosary</a> for Professed Knights, or for others the ribbon of their rank. Some members may also display the <a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">Maltese cross</a> behind their <a href="/wiki/Shield" title="Shield">shield</a> instead of the <a href="/wiki/Ribbon" title="Ribbon">ribbon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> To protect its heritage against fraud, the Order has legally registered sixteen versions of its names and emblems in some one hundred countries.<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John">History of the Order of Saint John</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History of the Order of Saint John" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Special:EditPage/Sovereign Military Order of Malta">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Founding" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gravure_de_Fra_Gerard_fondateur_des_Hospitaliers_de_Saint-Jean.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Gravure_de_Fra_Gerard_fondateur_des_Hospitaliers_de_Saint-Jean.jpg/220px-Gravure_de_Fra_Gerard_fondateur_des_Hospitaliers_de_Saint-Jean.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2808" data-file-height="3984"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 312px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Gravure_de_Fra_Gerard_fondateur_des_Hospitaliers_de_Saint-Jean.jpg/220px-Gravure_de_Fra_Gerard_fondateur_des_Hospitaliers_de_Saint-Jean.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="312" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Gravure_de_Fra_Gerard_fondateur_des_Hospitaliers_de_Saint-Jean.jpg/330px-Gravure_de_Fra_Gerard_fondateur_des_Hospitaliers_de_Saint-Jean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Gravure_de_Fra_Gerard_fondateur_des_Hospitaliers_de_Saint-Jean.jpg/440px-Gravure_de_Fra_Gerard_fondateur_des_Hospitaliers_de_Saint-Jean.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Gerard" title="Blessed Gerard">Blessed Gerard</a>, founder of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem. Copper engraving by <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Cars" title="Laurent Cars">Laurent Cars</a>, about 1725.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiziano,_cavaliere_di_malta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tiziano%2C_cavaliere_di_malta.jpg/220px-Tiziano%2C_cavaliere_di_malta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="550"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 277px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tiziano%2C_cavaliere_di_malta.jpg/220px-Tiziano%2C_cavaliere_di_malta.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="277" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tiziano%2C_cavaliere_di_malta.jpg/330px-Tiziano%2C_cavaliere_di_malta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Tiziano%2C_cavaliere_di_malta.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Portrait of an unknown Knight of Malta, by <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a>, c. 1508, <a href="/wiki/Uffizi" title="Uffizi">Uffizi</a></figcaption></figure> The birth of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> dates back to around 1048. Merchants from the ancient <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Marine Republic of Amalfi</a> obtained from the Caliph of Egypt the authorisation to build a church, convent, and hospital in Jerusalem, to care for pilgrims of any religious faith or race. The Order of St. John of Jerusalem – the monastic community that ran the hospital for the pilgrims in the Holy Land – became independent under the guidance of its founder, the religious brother <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Gerard" title="Blessed Gerard">Gerard</a>. With the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a> <a href="/wiki/Pie_postulatio_voluntatis" title="Pie postulatio voluntatis">Pie postulatio voluntatis</a> dated 15 February 1113, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Pope Paschal II</a> approved the foundation of the Hospital and placed it under the aegis of the Holy See, granting it the right to freely elect its superiors without interference from other secular or religious authorities. By virtue of the Papal Bull, the hospital became an order exempt from the control of the local church. All the Knights were religious, bound by the three monastic vows of <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_counsels" title="Evangelical counsels">poverty, chastity and obedience</a>. The constitution of the Christian <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a> obliged the order to take on the military defence of the sick, the pilgrims, and the captured territories. The order thus added the task of defending the faith to that of its hospitaller mission. As time went on, the order adopted the white, eight-pointed Cross that is still its symbol today. The eight points represent the eight beatitudes that Jesus pronounced in his <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyprus">Cyprus</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cyprus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> When the last Christian stronghold in the Holy Land fell after the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1291)" title="Siege of Acre (1291)">Siege of Acre</a> in 1291, the order settled first in <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhodes">Rhodes</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rhodes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Rhodes_under_the_Order_of_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Rhodes under the Order of Saint John">History of Rhodes under the Order of Saint John</a></div> In 1310, led by Grand Master Fra' <a href="/wiki/Foulques_de_Villaret" title="Foulques de Villaret">Foulques de Villaret</a>, the knights regrouped on the island of <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>. From there, the defense of the Christian world required the organization of a naval force, so the Order built a powerful fleet and sailed the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">eastern Mediterranean</a>, fighting battles for the sake of <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. In the early 14th century, the institutions of the Order and the <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knights</a> who came to <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a> from every corner of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> were grouped according to the languages they spoke. The first seven such groups, or <a href="/wiki/Langue_(Knights_Hospitaller)" title="Langue (Knights Hospitaller)">Langues (Tongues)</a> – from <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auvergne" title="Auvergne">Auvergne</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a>), <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and Ireland), and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> – became eight in 1492, when <a href="/wiki/Castile_(historical_region)" title="Castile (historical region)">Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> were separated from the Langue of Aragon. Each Langue included <a href="/wiki/Priories" class="mw-redirect" title="Priories">Priories</a> or Grand Priories, <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">Bailiwicks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Commandry_(feudalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commandry (feudalism)">Commanderies</a>. The Order was governed by its Grand Master, the Prince of Rhodes, and its Council. From its beginning, independence from other nations granted by pontifical charter and the universally recognised right to maintain and deploy armed forces constituted grounds for the international sovereignty of the Order, which minted its own coins and maintained diplomatic relations with other states. The senior positions of the Order were given to representatives of different Langues. In 1523, after six months of siege and fierce combat against the fleet and army of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a>, the walls collapsed from undermining explosives, and by a negotiated surrender the Knights left Rhodes carrying their arms. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malta">Malta</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Malta" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Malta_under_the_Order_of_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Malta under the Order of Saint John">History of Malta under the Order of Saint John</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1341"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 118px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="118" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto" title="Battle of Lepanto">Battle of Lepanto</a> (1571), unknown artist, late 16th century</figcaption></figure> The Order remained without a territory of its own until 1530, when Grand Master Fra' <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Villiers_de_L%27Isle-Adam" title="Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam">Philippe de Villiers de l'Isle Adam</a> took possession of the island of <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, granted to the order by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor</a> and his mother Queen <a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joanna of Castile</a> as monarchs of Sicily, with the approval of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Pope Clement VII</a>, for which the order had to honour the conditions of the <a href="/wiki/Tribute_of_the_Maltese_Falcon" title="Tribute of the Maltese Falcon">Tribute of the Maltese Falcon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> In 1565, the Knights, led by Grand Master Fra' <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Valette" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean de Valette">Jean de Valette</a> (after whom the capital of Malta, <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, was named), defended the island for more than three months during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Great Siege</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a>. The fleet of the Order contributed to the ultimate destruction of the Ottoman naval power in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto" title="Battle of Lepanto">Battle of Lepanto</a> in 1571, led by <a href="/wiki/John_of_Austria" title="John of Austria">John of Austria</a>, half brother of King <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Reformation</a>, which split Western Europe into <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> states, affected the knights as well. In several countries, including England, Scotland, and Sweden, the order dissolved. In others, including the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and Germany, entire bailiwicks or commanderies (administrative divisions of the order) experienced Protestant conversions; these "<a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(Bailiwick_of_Brandenburg)" title="Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)">Johanniter orders</a>" survive in Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden and many other countries, including the United States and South Africa. It was established that the order should remain neutral in any war between Christian nations.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] From 1651 to 1665, the Order <a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Hospitaller colonization of the Americas">ruled four islands in the Caribbean</a>. On 21 May 1651 it acquired the islands of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Christopher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Croix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a>. These were purchased from the French <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_des_%C3%8Eles_de_l%27Am%C3%A9rique" class="mw-redirect" title="Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique">Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique</a> which had just been dissolved. In 1665, the four islands were sold to the <a href="/wiki/French_West_India_Company" title="French West India Company">French West India Company</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Paul_in_the_Crown_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_Malta.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Emperor_Paul_in_the_Crown_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_Malta.jpeg/220px-Emperor_Paul_in_the_Crown_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_Malta.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="493"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 279px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Emperor_Paul_in_the_Crown_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_Malta.jpeg/220px-Emperor_Paul_in_the_Crown_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_Malta.jpeg" data-width="220" data-height="279" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Emperor_Paul_in_the_Crown_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_Malta.jpeg/330px-Emperor_Paul_in_the_Crown_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_Malta.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Emperor_Paul_in_the_Crown_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_Malta.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Emperor Paul</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a> wearing the Crown of the Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Malta">Order of Malta</a> (1799).</figcaption></figure> In 1798, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> led the <a href="/wiki/French_occupation_of_Malta" title="French occupation of Malta">French occupation of Malta</a>. Napoleon demanded from <a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_and_Grand_Masters_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Grand Master</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Hompesch_zu_Bolheim" title="Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim">Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim</a> that his ships be allowed to enter the port and to take on water and supplies. The Grand Master replied that only two foreign ships could be allowed to enter the port at a time. Bonaparte, aware that such a procedure would take a long time and leave his forces vulnerable to British Admiral <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson" title="Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson">Horatio Nelson</a>, immediately ordered a cannon fusillade against Malta.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> The French soldiers disembarked in Malta at seven points on the morning of 11 June and attacked. After several hours of fierce fighting, the Maltese in the west were forced to surrender.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> Napoleon opened negotiations with the fortress capital of Valletta. Faced with vastly superior French forces and the loss of western Malta, the Grand Master negotiated a surrender to the invasion.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> Hompesch left Malta for Trieste on 18 June.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> He resigned as Grand Master on 6 July 1799. The knights were dispersed, though the Order continued to exist in a diminished form and negotiated with European governments for a return to power as part of the agreement between France and Holy Roman Empire during the <a href="/wiki/German_mediatisation" title="German mediatisation">German mediatisation</a>. The Russian Emperor, <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul I</a>, gave the largest number of knights shelter in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, an action that gave rise to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_tradition_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller">Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller</a> and the Order's recognition among the Russian Imperial Orders.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> The refugee knights in Saint Petersburg proceeded to elect Tsar Paul as their Grand Master – a rival to Grand Master von Hompesch until the latter's abdication left Paul as the sole Grand Master. Grand Master Paul I created, in addition to the Catholic Grand Priory, a "Russian Grand Priory" of no fewer than 118 Commanderies, dwarfing the rest of the Order and open to all Christians. Paul's election as Grand Master was, however, never ratified under Catholic canon law, and he was the de facto rather than <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> Grand Master of the Order. By the early 19th century, the Order was severely weakened by the loss of its priories throughout Europe. Only 10% of the order's income came from traditional sources in Europe, with the remaining 90% being generated by the Russian Grand Priory until 1810. This was partly reflected in the government of the Order being under Lieutenants, rather than Grand Masters, in the period 1805 to 1879, when <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> restored a Grand Master to the order. This signaled the renewal of the Order's fortunes as a humanitarian and religious organization. On 19 September 1806, the Swedish government offered the sovereignty of the island of <a href="/wiki/Gotland" title="Gotland">Gotland</a> to the Order. The offer was rejected since it would have meant the Order renouncing their claim to Malta.<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exile">Exile</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Exile" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The French forces occupying Malta expelled the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> from the country.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> During the seventeen years that separated the seizure of Malta and the General Peace, "the formality of electing a brother Chief to discharge the office of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(Masonic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master (Masonic)">Grand Master</a>, and thus to preserve the vitality of the Sovereign Institute, was duty attended to".<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-N&Q,4_April_1863-30">[28]</a> The office of Lieutenant of the Magistery and ad interim of Grand Master was held by the <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Saltykov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Saltykov">Grand Baillies Field Marshal Counto Soltikoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Tommasi" title="Giovanni Battista Tommasi">Giovanni Tommasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Innico_Maria_Guevara-Suardo" title="Innico Maria Guevara-Suardo">De Gaevera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Di_Giovanni_y_Centell%C3%A9s" title="Andrea Di Giovanni y Centellés">Giovanni y Centelles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Candida" title="Carlo Candida">De Candida</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Filippo_di_Colloredo-Mels" title="Filippo di Colloredo-Mels">Count Colloredo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-N&Q,4_April_1863-30">[28]</a> Their mandates complexively covered the period until the death of the Emperor Paul in 1801.<a href="#cite_note-N&Q,4_April_1863-30">[28]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Treaty of Amiens</a> (1802) obliged the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> to evacuate <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, which was to be restored to a recreated <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Order of St. John</a>, whose sovereignty was to be guaranteed by all of the major European powers, to be determined at the final peace. However, this did not happen because of objections to the treaty that quickly grew in the United Kingdom. <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Bonaparte</a>'s rejection of a British offer involving a ten-year lease of Malta prompted the reactivation of the British blockade of the French coast; Britain declared war on France on 18 May.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> The 1802 treaty was never implemented. The United Kingdom resumed hostilities citing France's imperialist policies in the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>, Italy, and Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sovereign Military Order of Malta" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_di_Malta_(Roma).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Palazzo_di_Malta_%28Roma%29.jpg/220px-Palazzo_di_Malta_%28Roma%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Palazzo_di_Malta_%28Roma%29.jpg/220px-Palazzo_di_Malta_%28Roma%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Palazzo_di_Malta_%28Roma%29.jpg/330px-Palazzo_di_Malta_%28Roma%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Palazzo_di_Malta_%28Roma%29.jpg/440px-Palazzo_di_Malta_%28Roma%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Malta" title="Palazzo Malta">Palazzo Malta</a>, Rome, Italy</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> of 1815 confirmed the loss of Malta. After having temporarily resided in Messina, Catania and <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a>, the seat of the order was moved to Ferrara in 1826 and to Rome in 1834. The <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Malta" title="Palazzo Malta">Magistral Palace</a> in Via Condotti 68 and the <a href="/wiki/Villa_del_Priorato_di_Malta" title="Villa del Priorato di Malta">Magistral Villa</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Aventine_Hill" title="Aventine Hill">Aventine Hill</a> enjoy <a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">extraterritorial</a> status. The grand priories of Lombardy-Venetia and of Sicily were restored from 1839 to 1841. The office of Grand Master was restored by Pope Leo XIII in 1879, after a vacancy of 75 years, confirming <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Ceschi_a_Santa_Croce" title="Giovanni Battista Ceschi a Santa Croce">Giovanni Battista Ceschi a Santa Croce</a> as the first Grand Master of the restored Order of Malta. However, the loss of possession of Malta during this period did not affect the right of active and passive <a href="/wiki/Legation" title="Legation">legation</a> for the Order, which is legally important for the absolute continuity of international status, regardless of the former territorial possession.<a href="#cite_note-Arocha-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-b944-34">[32]</a> The original hospitaller mission became the main activity of the order, growing ever stronger during the 20th century, most especially because of the contribution of the activities carried out by the Grand Priories and National Associations in many countries around the world. Large-scale hospitaller and charitable activities were carried out during World Wars I and II under Grand Master Fra' <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Chigi_Albani_della_Rovere" title="Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere">Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere</a> (1931–1951). Under the Grand Masters Fra' <a href="/wiki/Angelo_de_Mojana_di_Cologna" title="Angelo de Mojana di Cologna">Angelo de Mojana di Cologna</a> (1962–88) and Fra' <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bertie" title="Andrew Bertie">Andrew Bertie</a> (1988–2008), the projects expanded. In February 2013, the Order celebrated the 900th anniversary of its papal recognition with a general audience with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> and a Mass celebrated by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Tarcisio_Bertone" title="Tarcisio Bertone">Tarcisio Bertone</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter's Basilica">Saint Peter's Basilica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> The order has 95, 000 volunteers. <a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_activity">Current activity</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Current activity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> It has major cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_the_Orders_of_Saint_John_of_Jerusalem" title="Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem">Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> They monitor breaches having set up a Unrecognised Orders Monitoring Group. In Germany, in daughter societies of both organisations there was alleged, that there was not much concern about racism by staff in the early 2020s.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> Malteser Auslandsdienst (Malteser Foreign Service) is an organisation from Germany active in several European countries as well as South Africa, Chile and Russia. <a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malteser_Aid_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malteser Aid Service (page does not exist)">Malteser Aid Service</a> was founded by the order and the German Caritas Association in Germany in 1953. <a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malteser_International" title="Malteser International">Malteser International</a> has more than 140 projects in 35 countries in Africa, Asia and the Americas.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> Malteser International is a division of Malteser Hilfsdienst e.V. and based in Cologne, Germany. <a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> Malteser International Americas is based in New York, USA.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> It provides emergency aid.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> It is active in Venezuela, Colombia, Haiti, but also Ukraine, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Kenya, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Myanmar, inter alia. <a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> In 2023, more than half its income was from the Government of Germany.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> The current membership of Malteser International consists of 27 National Associations and Priories of the Order of Malta.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, South Sudan, Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries, South Sudan, Ministry of Education and Instruction, South Sudan, Ministry of Health, Nigeria, Ministry of Health, Uganda, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, South Sudan and Ministry of Women Affairs, Nigeria are among the partners of Malteser International. <a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> The German Federal Foreign Office has started a campaign on forgotten crises, with other organisation including Save the Children and SOS Children's Villages. <a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional_reform">Constitutional reform</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Constitutional reform" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Order experienced a leadership crisis beginning in December 2016, when <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Boeselager" title="Albrecht von Boeselager">Albrecht Freiherr von Boeselager</a> protested his removal as Grand Chancellor by Grand Master Fra' <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Festing" title="Matthew Festing">Matthew Festing</a>. Von Boeselager was removed after <a href="/wiki/Condoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Condoms">condoms</a> were found to have been distributed by other aid groups in <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> as part of a joint charitable project with the order’s Malteser International to help sex slaves protect themselves from AIDS.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> In January 2017, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> ordered von Boeselager reinstated and required Festing's resignation.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> Francis also named Archbishop (later Cardinal) <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Angelo_Becciu" title="Giovanni Angelo Becciu">Giovanni Becciu</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> as his personal representative to the Order – sidelining the Order's Cardinal Patron <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Leo_Burke" title="Raymond Leo Burke">Raymond Burke</a> – until the election of a new Grand Master.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> The pope effectively taking control over the Order was seen by some as a break with tradition and the Order's independence.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> In May 2017, the Order named Mauro Bertero Gutiérrez, a Bolivian member of the Government Council, to lead its constitutional reform process.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> In June 2017, in a departure from tradition, the leadership of the Order wore <a href="/wiki/Informal_attire" class="mw-redirect" title="Informal attire">informal attire</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">formal wear</a> <a href="/wiki/Full_dress_uniform" title="Full dress uniform">full dress uniforms</a> to their annual papal audience.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> In May 2018 when a new Grand Master was elected, Francis extended Becciu's mandate indefinitely.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> When the Order's <a href="/wiki/Chapter_General_of_the_Order_of_Malta" title="Chapter General of the Order of Malta">Chapter General</a> met in May 2019 three of the 62 participants were women for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> On 1 November 2020, Pope Francis named Archbishop (later Cardinal) <a href="/wiki/Silvano_Tomasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Silvano Tomasi">Silvano Tomasi</a> to replace Becciu as his Special Delegate to the Order, reiterating the responsibilities of that office as his sole representative.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> On 3 September 2022, Pope Francis <a href="/wiki/Promulgation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Promulgation (Catholic canon law)">promulgated</a> the new constitution of the Order and made provisional appointments to the Sovereign Council; he scheduled a convocation of the Extraordinary General Chapter for 25 January 2023, when regular appointments can be made in place of his provisional ones.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-decree2022-70">[68]</a> On 26 January, the General Chapter elected to six-year terms on the Sovereign Council the same four members Francis had appointed the previous September<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> and six of the nine Councillors he had named.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> On 19 June 2023, Pope Francis named Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Ghirlanda" title="Gianfranco Ghirlanda">Gianfranco Ghirlanda</a> to succeed Burke as patron.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Organisation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fra_John_Dunlap_in_Lourdes_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Fra_John_Dunlap_in_Lourdes_2023.jpg/170px-Fra_John_Dunlap_in_Lourdes_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="485"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 219px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Fra_John_Dunlap_in_Lourdes_2023.jpg/170px-Fra_John_Dunlap_in_Lourdes_2023.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="219" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Fra_John_Dunlap_in_Lourdes_2023.jpg/255px-Fra_John_Dunlap_in_Lourdes_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Fra_John_Dunlap_in_Lourdes_2023.jpg/340px-Fra_John_Dunlap_in_Lourdes_2023.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Fra' <a href="/wiki/John_T._Dunlap" title="John T. Dunlap">John T. Dunlap</a>, 81st <a href="/wiki/List_of_Grand_Masters_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller#Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller">Prince and Grand Master</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governance">Governance</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Governance" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The proceedings of the Order are governed by its Constitutional Charter and Code.<a href="#cite_note-constitution-1">[1]</a> The <a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_and_Grand_Masters_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Prince and Grand Master</a> is the head of the order and governs both as sovereign and as religious superior. He is "entitled to sovereign prerogatives and honors as well as the title of "<a href="/wiki/Most_Eminent_Highness" class="mw-redirect" title="Most Eminent Highness">Most Eminent Highness</a>".<a href="#cite_note-constitution-1">[1]</a>: Constitution Article 12 He is elected to a term of ten years and may be elected to a second term, but may not serve beyond the completion of his 85th year.<a href="#cite_note-constitution-1">[1]</a>: Constitution Article 13, §2 The Prince and Grand Master is Fra' <a href="/wiki/John_T._Dunlap" title="John T. Dunlap">John T. Dunlap</a> who was elected on 3 May 2023.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> "In the event of permanent impediment, resignation or death of the Grand Master, the Order is governed by a Lieutenant ad interim in the person of the Grand Commander, who can only perform acts of ordinary administration without making any innovations."<a href="#cite_note-constitution-1">[1]</a>: Constitution Article 18 If it is not possible to elect a Grand Master, a Lieutenant of the Grand Master is elected, who has the same powers as the Grand Master with the exception of the prerogatives of honour pertaining to a sovereign. Both the Lieutenant ad interim and the Lieutenant of the Grand Master are styled Eccellenza (<a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">Excellency</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_the_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Council of the Order of Malta">Sovereign Council</a> is the primary governing body of the Order that handles regular business. The members are the Grand Master (or Lieutenant), the holders of the four High Officers (the Grand Commander,<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> the Grand Chancellor,<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> the Grand Hospitaller<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> and the Receiver of the Common Treasure),<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> the five Councilors of the Council of the Professed Knights, and four Councilors.<a href="#cite_note-constitution-1">[1]</a>: Constitution Article 25 The Council of the Professed Knights "assists the Grand Master in the spiritual care of the Order and in the governance of the First and Second Class".<a href="#cite_note-constitution-1">[1]</a>: Constitution Article 26 It includes the Grand Master (or Lieutenant), the Grand Commander, and five Councilors elected by the Chapter of the Professed. The <a href="/wiki/Chapter_General_of_the_Order_of_Malta" title="Chapter General of the Order of Malta">Chapter General</a> is the legislative body of the Order, which meets every six years. It elects the members of the Sovereign Council. The Council Complete of State elects the Grand Master or the Lieutenant of the Grand Master. The Board of Auditors audits the Order's finances. It includes a President elected among the seven Councillors, all elected by the Chapter General. The Government Council is the advisory board to the Sovereign Council in charge of studying political, religious, humanitarian assistance and international issues. The Order's judicial powers are exercised by a group of Magistral Courts, whose judges are appointed by the Grand Master and the Sovereign Council. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_divisions">Regional divisions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Regional divisions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The order is divided regionally into six Grand Priories, six Sub-Priories and 48 associations.<a href="#cite_note-nationalinst-79">[77]</a> The six Grand Priories are: <ul><li>Grand Priory of Rome (founded 1214; expropriated 1808; restored 1816)<a href="#cite_note-sire286-80">[78]</a></li> <li>Grand Priory of Lombardy and Venice (founded as two priories about 1180; expropriated 1796–1806; restored as a single priory 1839)<a href="#cite_note-sire286-80">[78]</a></li> <li>Grand Priory of Naples and Sicily (founded as the Priory of Messina, the Priory of Barletta, and the Priory of Capua in the 12th and 13th centuries; suppressed 1806–1826; restored as a single priory 1839)<a href="#cite_note-sire286-80">[78]</a></li> <li>Grand Priory of Bohemia (founded 1182)<a href="#cite_note-sire286-80">[78]</a></li> <li>Grand Priory of Austria (separated from the Grand Priory of Bohemia 1938)<a href="#cite_note-sire286-80">[78]</a></li> <li>Grand Priory of England (re-established 1993)<a href="#cite_note-sire286-80">[78]</a></li></ul> The six Sub-Priories are: <ul><li>Sub-Priory of St. Michael (Cologne, Germany)</li> <li>Sub-Priory of St. George and St. James (Madrid, Spain)</li> <li>Sub-Priory of Our Lady of Philermo (San Francisco, United States)</li> <li>Sub-Priory of Our Lady of Lourdes (New York, United States)</li> <li>Sub-Priory of The Immaculate Conception (Melbourne, Australia)</li> <li>Sub-Priory of St. Oliver Plunkett (Ireland)</li></ul> Most of the 48 associations are national, but several countries (Brazil, Germany, the United States) have more than one association. Until the beginning of the nineteenth century the Order was divided regionally into <a href="/wiki/Langue_(Knights_Hospitaller)" title="Langue (Knights Hospitaller)">Langues</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Membership">Membership</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Membership" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knight_of_Malta_XXI_century.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Knight_of_Malta_XXI_century.JPG/170px-Knight_of_Malta_XXI_century.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="400" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="1383"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 400px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Knight_of_Malta_XXI_century.JPG/170px-Knight_of_Malta_XXI_century.JPG" data-width="170" data-height="400" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Knight_of_Malta_XXI_century.JPG/255px-Knight_of_Malta_XXI_century.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Knight_of_Malta_XXI_century.JPG/340px-Knight_of_Malta_XXI_century.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A Knight of Grace and Devotion in contemporary church robes</figcaption></figure> Membership in the Order is divided into three classes each of which is subdivided into several categories:<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> <ul><li>First Class, who make <a href="/wiki/Religious_vows" title="Religious vows">religious vows</a> of poverty, chastity, and obedience: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Justice" title="Knight of Justice">Knights of Justice</a> or Professed Knights</li> <li>Professed Conventual Chaplains</li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd>There are currently (2023) 33 Knights of Justice and six Professed Conventual Chaplains.<a href="#cite_note-ariccia-2">[2]</a>: p. 18 </dd></dl> <ul><li>Second Class: <a href="/wiki/Knight_in_Obedience" title="Knight in Obedience">Knights and Dames in Obedience</a> make a Promise of Obedience: <ul><li>Knights and Dames of Honour and Devotion in Obedience</li> <li>Knights and Dames of Grace and Devotion in Obedience</li> <li>Knights and Dames of Magistral Grace in Obedience</li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd>There are currently (2023) 541 Knights in Obedience and 137 Dames in Obedience.<a href="#cite_note-ariccia-2">[2]</a>: p. 18 </dd></dl> <ul><li>Third Class, who make no vows or promises, but live according to the principles of the Church and the Order: <ul><li>Knights and Dames of Honour and Devotion</li> <li>Conventual Chaplains ad honorem</li> <li>Knights and Dames of Grace and Devotion</li> <li>Magistral Chaplains</li> <li>Knights and Dames of Magistral Grace</li> <li>Donats (male and female) of Devotion<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd>There are currently (2023) 12,395 members of the Third Class.<a href="#cite_note-ariccia-2">[2]</a>: p. 38 </dd></dl> Within each class and category of knights there are ranks of Knight, Knight Grand Cross, and Bailiff Knight Grand Cross. Bishops and priests are generally admitted as chaplains of the Order of Malta. There are some priests who are knights of the order, usually because they were admitted to the order prior to ordination. The priests of the Order of Malta are ranked as Honorary Canons, as in the Order of the Holy Sepulchre; and they are entitled to wear the black mozetta with purple piping and purple fascia.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Prior to the 1990s, all officers of the order had to be of noble birth (defined differently in different countries), as they were all Knights of Justice or Knights in Obedience. However, Knights of Magistral Grace (i.e. those who do not have proof of noble birth) now may make the Promise of Obedience and, at the discretion of the Grand Master and Sovereign Council, may enter the <a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">novitiate</a> to become professed Knights of Justice.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_officers">Religious officers</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Religious officers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cardinal_Patron">Cardinal Patron</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cardinal Patron" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Cardinalis Patronus (Cardinal Patron), who is either a <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinal</a> when appointed by the pope or soon raised to that rank,<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> promotes the spiritual interests of the order and its members, and its relations with the Holy See.<a href="#cite_note-constitution-1">[1]</a>: Constitution Article 5 § 5 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Giobbe" title="Paolo Giobbe">Paolo Giobbe</a> (8 August 1961 – 3 July 1969)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELentz_III201580-84">[82]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Violardo" title="Giacomo Violardo">Giacomo Violardo</a> (3 July 1969 – 17 March 1978)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELentz_III2015198-85">[83]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul-Pierre_Philippe" title="Paul-Pierre Philippe">Paul-Pierre Philippe</a>, O.P. (10 November 1978 – 9 April 1984)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELentz_III2015143-86">[84]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastiano_Baggio" title="Sebastiano Baggio">Sebastiano Baggio</a> (26 May 1984 – 21 March 1993)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELentz_III201517-87">[85]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pio_Laghi" title="Pio Laghi">Pio Laghi</a> (8 May 1993 – 11 January 2009)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELentz_III2015102-88">[86]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Sardi" title="Paolo Sardi">Paolo Sardi</a> (6 June 2009 – 8 November 2014)<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Leo_Burke" title="Raymond Leo Burke">Raymond Burke</a> (8 November 2014–19 June 2023)<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Ghirlanda" title="Gianfranco Ghirlanda">Gianfranco Ghirlanda</a> (19 June 2023-present)<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Special_delegate">Special delegate</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Special delegate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Since 2017, Pope Francis has appointed special delegates to fulfill the role that was previously assigned to the patron. On 2 February 2017 Pope Francis appointed Archbishop Giovanni Angelo Becciu as his special delegate to the order.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> After Becciu resigned from the rights and privileges of a cardinal after being implicated in a financial corruption scandal, in October 2020,<a href="#cite_note-becciumoney-94">[92]</a> Pope Francis appointed Archbishop Silvano Tomasi as his special delegate to the order on 1 November 2020.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prelate">Prelate</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Prelate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Prelate of the order is responsible for the clergy of the order and assists the Grand Master, the Grand Commander and the Coordinator of the Second Class in the care of the spiritual life and in the religious observance of all members of the order.<a href="#cite_note-constitution-1">[1]</a>: Constitution Articolo 22 <a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> He is appointed by the Pope on the advice of the Cardinal Patron. On 4 July 2015 Pope Francis named as Prelate Bishop <a href="/wiki/Jean_Laffitte" title="Jean Laffitte">Jean Laffitte</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> Laffitte succeeded Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Acerbi" title="Angelo Acerbi">Angelo Acerbi</a>, who had held the office since 2001. As of 2024, the prelate is the Spaniard Rev. Msgr. Luis Manuel Cuña Ramos. Born in 1966 and ordained in 1992, Msgr. Cuña Ramos hails from Orense in Spain, but has spent the majority of his life in Rome, Italy as a consultant and professor of church history as the Pontifical Urban University and the Pontifical Gregorian University.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_other_mutually-recognised_Orders_of_Saint_John">Relationship with other mutually-recognised Orders of Saint John</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Relationship with other mutually-recognised Orders of Saint John" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Sovereign Military Order of Malta has collaborated with other <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_the_Orders_of_Saint_John_of_Jerusalem#Mutually-recognised_Orders_of_Saint_John" title="Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem">mutually-recognized Orders of Saint John</a>; for example, the SMOM is a major donor of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_John_Eye_Hospital_Group" title="Saint John Eye Hospital Group">St John Eye Hospital</a> in Jerusalem, which is primarily operated by the <a href="/wiki/Most_Venerable_Order_of_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Most Venerable Order of Saint John">Most Venerable Order of Saint John</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Nuns_of_the_Order">Nuns of the Order</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Nuns of the Order" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> There are three <a href="/wiki/Enclosed_religious_orders" title="Enclosed religious orders">enclosed monasteries</a> of nuns of the Order, two in Spain that date from the 11/12th centuries and one in Malta.<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> The existence of the nuns is not mentioned in the Constitutional Charter or the Code of the Order. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="International_status">International status</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: International status" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diplomatic_relations_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Diplomatic_relations_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.svg/500px-Diplomatic_relations_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="221" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 221px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Diplomatic_relations_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.svg/500px-Diplomatic_relations_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.svg.png" data-width="500" data-height="221" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Diplomatic_relations_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.svg/750px-Diplomatic_relations_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Diplomatic_relations_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.svg/1000px-Diplomatic_relations_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Foreign relations with the SMOM: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"> Diplomatic relations</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Other official relations</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Giovannino_dei_Cavalieri_stemma_Cavalieri_di_Malta.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/San_Giovannino_dei_Cavalieri_stemma_Cavalieri_di_Malta.JPG/220px-San_Giovannino_dei_Cavalieri_stemma_Cavalieri_di_Malta.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3236" data-file-height="2524"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 172px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/San_Giovannino_dei_Cavalieri_stemma_Cavalieri_di_Malta.JPG/220px-San_Giovannino_dei_Cavalieri_stemma_Cavalieri_di_Malta.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="172" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/San_Giovannino_dei_Cavalieri_stemma_Cavalieri_di_Malta.JPG/330px-San_Giovannino_dei_Cavalieri_stemma_Cavalieri_di_Malta.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/San_Giovannino_dei_Cavalieri_stemma_Cavalieri_di_Malta.JPG/440px-San_Giovannino_dei_Cavalieri_stemma_Cavalieri_di_Malta.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Coat of arms of the Knights of Malta from the façade of the church of <a href="/wiki/San_Giovannino_dei_Cavalieri" title="San Giovannino dei Cavalieri">San Giovannino dei Cavalieri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, Italy</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Targa_automobilistica_Italia_1985_SMOM%2B60_Sovrano_militare_ordine_di_Malta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Targa_automobilistica_Italia_1985_SMOM%2B60_Sovrano_militare_ordine_di_Malta.jpg/220px-Targa_automobilistica_Italia_1985_SMOM%2B60_Sovrano_militare_ordine_di_Malta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="57" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="214"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 57px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Targa_automobilistica_Italia_1985_SMOM%2B60_Sovrano_militare_ordine_di_Malta.jpg/220px-Targa_automobilistica_Italia_1985_SMOM%2B60_Sovrano_militare_ordine_di_Malta.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="57" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Targa_automobilistica_Italia_1985_SMOM%2B60_Sovrano_militare_ordine_di_Malta.jpg/330px-Targa_automobilistica_Italia_1985_SMOM%2B60_Sovrano_militare_ordine_di_Malta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Targa_automobilistica_Italia_1985_SMOM%2B60_Sovrano_militare_ordine_di_Malta.jpg/440px-Targa_automobilistica_Italia_1985_SMOM%2B60_Sovrano_militare_ordine_di_Malta.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration plate</a> of the Order, as seen in Rome, Italy</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey.Bodrum082.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Turkey.Bodrum082.jpg/220px-Turkey.Bodrum082.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Turkey.Bodrum082.jpg/220px-Turkey.Bodrum082.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Turkey.Bodrum082.jpg/330px-Turkey.Bodrum082.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Turkey.Bodrum082.jpg/440px-Turkey.Bodrum082.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Flags of Knights Hospitaller in <a href="/wiki/Bodrum_Castle" title="Bodrum Castle">Saint Peter's Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bodrum" title="Bodrum">Bodrum</a>, Turkey. Left to right: Fabrizio Carretto (1513–1514); Amaury d'Amboise (1503–1512); Pierre d'Aubusson (1476–1503); Jacques de Milly (1454–1461).</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Permanent_Observers_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Permanent Observers of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta to the United Nations">List of Permanent Observers of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta to the United Nations</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">List of diplomatic missions of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></div> The Order "as a subject of international law, exercises sovereign functions with regard to [its] purposes",<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> namely "promoting the glory of God and the sanctification of its members" and performing works of mercy "towards the sick, the needy, and people without a country without distinction of religion, race, sex, origin and age".<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> The Order has formal diplomatic relations with 113 states (including the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>) and has official relations with another five states and <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta–European Union relations">with the European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bilateral_relations-12">[10]</a> The Order maintains <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of diplomatic missions of Sovereign Military Order of Malta">diplomatic missions</a> around the world and many of the states reciprocate by <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_to_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="List of diplomatic missions to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">accrediting ambassadors to the Order</a> (usually their ambassador to the Holy See). During the reign of Fra' Andrew Bertie as Prince and Grand Master (1988–2008), the number of nations extending diplomatic relations to the Order more than doubled from 49 to 100.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> The Order has <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers#Other_entities" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">observer status</a> at the <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="General Assembly of the United Nations">General Assembly of the United Nations</a> and some of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">specialized agencies of the United Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> One such example is the <a href="/wiki/Central_Emergency_Response_Fund" title="Central Emergency Response Fund">UN Central Emergency Response Fund</a>, to which it contributed USD $36,000 from 2006–2022.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> The Order is not classified as a "non-member state" nor as an "<a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organization">intergovernmental organization</a>", but rather as one of the "other entities having received a standing invitation to participate as observers."<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> The Order has relations with the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> and a number of international organizations. While the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> has granted radio identification prefixes to the United Nations and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>, the Order has never received one. For awards purposes, amateur radio operators consider the Order a separate "entity"—but stations transmitting from there use an unofficial <a href="/wiki/Callsign" class="mw-redirect" title="Callsign">callsign</a>, starting with the prefix "1A".<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> The Order has neither sought nor been granted a <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">top-level domain</a> for the Internet or an <a href="/wiki/Country_calling_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Country calling code">international dialing code</a> for telephone purposes. The Order's international nature is useful in enabling it to pursue its humanitarian activities without being seen as an operative of any particular nation. Its sovereignty is also expressed in the issuance of <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_passport" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta passport">passports</a>, licence plates,<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">stamps</a>,<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maltese_scudo#Coins" title="Maltese scudo">coins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scholarly_debate">Scholarly debate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Scholarly debate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> With its unique history and unusual present circumstances, the exact status of the Order in international law has been the subject of debate. Some scholars have questioned the Order's sovereignty based on the fact that the Order has very limited geographical territories and on account of the Order's relationship with the Holy See. The connection between the Holy See and the Order of Malta was seen as so close as to call into question the actual sovereignty of the order as a separate entity.<a href="#cite_note-b944-34">[32]</a> This has prompted constitutional changes on the part of the Order, which were implemented in 1997. Since then, the Order has been widely recognized as a sovereign subject of international law in its own right.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> Some legal experts claim that the Order's claim to sovereignty cannot be maintained. Even taking into account the Order's ambassadorial diplomatic status among many nations, some scholars reject the country's sovereign status.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> Wilhelm Wengler rejects the notion that recognition of the Order by some states (for example, the Republic of San Marino in 1935 recognized SMOM as a sovereign state in its own right.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a>) makes it a subject of international law.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> Ian Brownlie writes that, "Even in the sphere of recognition and bilateral relations, the legal capacities of institutions like the Sovereign Order of Jerusalem and Malta must be limited simply because they lack the territorial and demographic characteristics of states."<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> Helmut Steinberger states that, "With the historical exception of the Holy See, which maintains diplomatic relations with more than 100 States, in contemporary international law only States as distinguished from international organizations or other subjects of international law are accorded sovereignty."<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> Other legal experts argue in favour of the Order's claim to sovereignty. Georg Dahm affirms that the Order is a "subject of international law without territory".<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> Berthold Waldstein-Wartenberg writes that the sovereignty of the Order and its personality in international law is "generally recognized by international law doctrine".<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> Gerhard von Glahn affirms that "the Order can be classified as a nonstate subject of international law, although of a somewhat peculiar nature."<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> Rebecca Wallace explains that a sovereign entity does not have to be a country, and that the Order is an example of this.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_the_Holy_See">Relations with the Holy See</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Relations with the Holy See" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On 24 January 1953, the Tribunal of Cardinals appointed by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a> stated that, "The quality of the sovereign Order of the institution is functional, that is, aimed at ensuring the achievement of the purposes of the Order itself and its development in the world." The Tribunal of Cardinals further stated that, "The status of sovereign Order...consists in the enjoyment of certain prerogatives inherent to the Order itself as a Subject of international law. These prerogatives, which are proper to sovereignty—in accordance with the principles of international law—and which, following the example of the Holy See, have also been recognized by some States, do not however constitute in the Order that complex of powers and prerogatives, which it belongs to sovereign bodies in the full sense of the word."<a href="#cite_note-vatican-124">[122]</a> On 24 June 1961, <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> approved the Constitutional Charter of the Order, which stated that "the Order is a legal entity formally approved by the Holy See. It has the quality of a subject of international law" (Article 1) and that "the intimate connection existing between the two qualities of a religious order and a sovereign order do not oppose the autonomy of the order in the exercise of its sovereignty and prerogatives inherent to it as a subject of international law in relation to States." (Article 3)<a href="#cite_note-Arocha-33">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_Italy">Relations with Italy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Relations with Italy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Order has signed treaties with Italy dated 20 February 1884, 23 December 1915, 4 January 1938, and 1956.<a href="#cite_note-sainty-125">[123]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Cassation_(Italy)" title="Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)">Supreme Court of Cassation</a> decreed on 6 June 1974 that, "the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Malta constitutes a sovereign international subject, in all terms equal, even if without territory, to a foreign state with which Italy has normal diplomatic relations, so there is no doubt, as already this Supreme Court has warned, that it has the legal treatment of foreign states".<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> The two most important properties of the Order in Rome – the Palazzo Malta in Via dei Condotti 68, where the Grand Master resides and Government Bodies meet, and the Villa del Priorato di Malta on the Aventine Hill, which hosts the Grand Priory of Rome – as well as the Embassy of the Order to Holy See and the Embassy of the Order to Italy are all recognised as extraterritorial by Italy.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> As Italy recognizes, in addition to extraterritoriality, the exercise by SMOM of all the prerogatives of sovereignty in its headquarters, Italian sovereignty and SMOM sovereignty uniquely coexist without overlapping.<a href="#cite_note-Arocha-33">[31]</a> By a decree of King <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel III of Italy">Victor Emmanuel III of Italy</a> of 28 November 1929, "The Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta enjoys in Italy the honors due to the Cardinals, and takes place after them." Further, "The representation of the Grand Magistry of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta . . . immediately follows the representations of the Foreign Diplomatic Corps." Finally, the decree affirms that the Bailiffs Knights Grand Cross of Justice in Italy shall be styled "Excellency" (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Eccellenza).<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> The Order is one of the largest landowners in Italy; its properties are exempted from certain Italian fiscal jurisdiction.<a href="#cite_note-sainty-125">[123]</a> Diplomatic vehicles of the Order in Italy receive diplomatic license plates with the code "XA". Other vehicles of the Order receive Italian license plates with the prefix SMOM. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_the_Republic_of_Malta">Relations with the Republic of Malta</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Relations with the Republic of Malta" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St-Angelo-Malta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/St-Angelo-Malta.jpg/220px-St-Angelo-Malta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1176" data-file-height="703"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 132px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/St-Angelo-Malta.jpg/220px-St-Angelo-Malta.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/St-Angelo-Malta.jpg/330px-St-Angelo-Malta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/St-Angelo-Malta.jpg/440px-St-Angelo-Malta.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Flags of Malta and the SMOM on <a href="/wiki/Fort_St._Angelo" title="Fort St. Angelo">Fort St. Angelo</a></figcaption></figure> Two bilateral treaties have been concluded between the Order and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Malta">Republic of Malta</a>. The first treaty, dated 21 June 1991, is now no longer in force.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-129">[127]</a> The second treaty was signed on 5 December 1998 and ratified on 1 November 2001.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-130">[128]</a> This agreement grants the Order the use with limited extraterritoriality of the upper portion of <a href="/wiki/Fort_St._Angelo" title="Fort St. Angelo">Fort St. Angelo</a> in the city of <a href="/wiki/Birgu" title="Birgu">Birgu</a>. Its stated purpose is "to give the Order the opportunity to be better enabled to carry out its humanitarian activities as Knights Hospitallers from Saint Angelo, as well as to better define the legal status of Saint Angelo subject to the sovereignty of Malta over it".<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> The agreement has a duration of 99 years, but the document allows the Government of Malta to terminate it at any time after 50 years.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> Under the terms of the agreement, the flag of Malta is to be flown together with the flag of the Order in a prominent position over Fort St. Angelo. No asylum may be granted by the Order and generally the Maltese courts have full jurisdiction and Maltese law shall apply. The second bilateral treaty mentions a number of immunities and privileges, none of which appeared in the earlier treaty.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-130">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Currency_and_postage_stamps">Currency and postage stamps</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Currency and postage stamps" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Postage stamps and postal history of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></div> The Order's coins are appreciated more as collector's items than for use as currency. Some 58 countries recognize the Order's postage stamps for <a href="/wiki/Franking" title="Franking">franking</a> purposes, including several such as Canada and <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> that lack full diplomatic relations with the Order.<a href="#cite_note-stamps-133">[131]</a> In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Poste_italiane" class="mw-redirect" title="Poste italiane">Poste italiane</a>, the Italian postal service, agreed with the Order to deliver internationally most classes of mail other than registered, insured, and special-delivery mail. The Order began issuing <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>-denominated postage stamps in 2005, although the <a href="/wiki/Maltese_scudo" title="Maltese scudo">scudo</a> remains the official currency of the Order. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Military_Corps">Military Corps</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Military Corps" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_Hospitalier.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cross_Hospitalier.svg/100px-Cross_Hospitalier.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cross_Hospitalier.svg/100px-Cross_Hospitalier.svg.png" data-width="100" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cross_Hospitalier.svg/150px-Cross_Hospitalier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cross_Hospitalier.svg/200px-Cross_Hospitalier.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Logotype" class="mw-redirect" title="Logotype">Logotype</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Corps_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Hospitaller_Order_of_Saint_John_of_Jerusalem_of_Rhodes_and_of_Malta" title="Military Corps of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta">Military Corps of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2june_2007_489.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/2june_2007_489.jpg/220px-2june_2007_489.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/2june_2007_489.jpg/220px-2june_2007_489.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/2june_2007_489.jpg/330px-2june_2007_489.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/2june_2007_489.jpg/440px-2june_2007_489.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Military Corps of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, ACISMOM, in parade during <a href="/wiki/Festa_della_Repubblica" title="Festa della Repubblica">Festa della Repubblica</a> in Rome (2007)</figcaption></figure> The Order states that it was the hospitaller role that enabled the Order to survive the end of the crusading era; nonetheless, it retains its military title and traditions. On 26 March 1876, the Association of the Italian Knights of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (Associazione dei cavalieri italiani del sovrano militare ordine di Malta, ACISMOM) reformed the Order's military to a modern military unit of the era. This unit provided medical support to the Italian Army and on 9 April 1909 the military corps officially became a special auxiliary volunteer corps of the Italian Army under the name Corpo Militare dell'Esercito dell'ACISMOM (Army Military Corps of the ACISMOM), wearing Italian uniforms.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-134">[132]</a> Since then the Military Corps have operated with the Italian Army both in wartime and peacetime in medical or paramedical military functions, and in ceremonial functions for the Order, such as standing guard around the coffins of high officers of the Order before and during funeral rites.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">I believe that it is a unique case in the world that a unit of the army of one country is supervised by a body of another sovereign country. Just think that whenever our staff (medical officers mainly) is engaged in a military mission abroad, there is the flag of the Order flying below the Italian flag.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Fausto Solaro del Borgo, President of the Italian Association of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, stated in a speech given in London in November 2007.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-134">[132]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_force">Air force</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Air force" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_SMOM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Roundel_of_SMOM.svg/100px-Roundel_of_SMOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Roundel_of_SMOM.svg/100px-Roundel_of_SMOM.svg.png" data-width="100" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Roundel_of_SMOM.svg/150px-Roundel_of_SMOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Roundel_of_SMOM.svg/200px-Roundel_of_SMOM.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roundel" title="Roundel">Roundel</a> of the air force of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vigna_di_Valle_20110812_%E2%80%94_Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.82_vista_dall%27alto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vigna_di_Valle_20110812_%E2%80%94_Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.82_vista_dall%27alto.jpg/220px-Vigna_di_Valle_20110812_%E2%80%94_Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.82_vista_dall%27alto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2134"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vigna_di_Valle_20110812_%E2%80%94_Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.82_vista_dall%27alto.jpg/220px-Vigna_di_Valle_20110812_%E2%80%94_Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.82_vista_dall%27alto.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vigna_di_Valle_20110812_%E2%80%94_Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.82_vista_dall%27alto.jpg/330px-Vigna_di_Valle_20110812_%E2%80%94_Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.82_vista_dall%27alto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vigna_di_Valle_20110812_%E2%80%94_Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.82_vista_dall%27alto.jpg/440px-Vigna_di_Valle_20110812_%E2%80%94_Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.82_vista_dall%27alto.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>SMOM <a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.82" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.82">Savoia-Marchetti SM.82</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Air_Force_Museum" title="Italian Air Force Museum">Italian Air Force Museum</a></figcaption></figure> In 1947, after the post-World War II peace treaty forbade Italy to own or operate bomber aircraft and only operate a limited number of transport aircraft, the Italian Air Force opted to transfer some of its <a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.82" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.82">Savoia-Marchetti SM.82</a> aircraft to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, pending the definition of their exact status (the SM.82 were properly long range transport aircraft that could be adapted for bombing missions). These aircraft were operated by Italian Air Force personnel temporarily flying for the Order, carried the Order's roundels on the fuselage and Italian ones on the wings, and were used mainly for standard Italian Air Force training and transport missions but also for some humanitarian tasks proper of the Order of Malta (like the transport of sick pilgrims to the Lourdes sanctuary). In the early 1950s, when the strictures of the peace treaty had been much relaxed by the Allied authorities, the aircraft returned under full control of the Italian Air Force. One of the aircraft transferred to the Order of Malta, still with the Order's fuselage roundels, is preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Air_Force_Museum" title="Italian Air Force Museum">Italian Air Force Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logistics">Logistics</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Logistics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Military Corps has become known in mainland Europe for its operation of <a href="/wiki/Hospital_train" title="Hospital train">hospital trains</a>,<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> a service carried out intensively during both World Wars. The Military Corps still operates a modern 28-car hospital train with 192 hospital beds, serviced by a medical staff of 38 medics and paramedics provided by the Order and a technical staff provided by the Italian Army's <a href="/wiki/Ferrovieri_Engineer_Regiment" title="Ferrovieri Engineer Regiment">Ferrovieri Engineer Regiment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Orders,_decorations,_and_medals">Orders, decorations, and medals</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Orders, decorations, and medals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Orders, decorations, and medals of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_pro_Merito_Melitensi" title="Order pro Merito Melitensi">Order pro Merito Melitensi</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Knights_Hospitaller_sites" title="List of Knights Hospitaller sites">List of Knights Hospitaller sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Malta_Ambulance_Corps" title="Order of Malta Ambulance Corps">Order of Malta Ambulance Corps</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_State_of_the_Bektashi_Order" title="Sovereign State of the Bektashi Order">Sovereign State of the Bektashi Order</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Sovrano Militare Ordine Ospedaliero di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme, di Rodi e di Malta; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Supremus Militaris Ordo Hospitalarius Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani, Rhodiensis et Melitensis </li> <li id="cite_note-M13000-10"><a href="#cite_ref-M13000_10-0">^</a> The order's website says "its programmes include medical and social assistance, disaster relief in the case of armed conflicts and natural catastrophes, emergency services and first aid corps, help for the elderly, the handicapped and children in need and the provision of first aid training, and support for refugees and internally displaced persons regardless of race, origin or religion." </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-constitution-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_1-10">k</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Sovrano-Ordine-di-Malta-Carta-Costituzionale-e-Codice-2022-2.pdf">Carta Costituzionale e Codice</a> (PDF). Rome: Sovereign Military Order of Malta. 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carta+Costituzionale+e+Codice&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Sovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta&rft.date=2022-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F09%2FSovrano-Ordine-di-Malta-Carta-Costituzionale-e-Codice-2022-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> Also available in English as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/CONSTITUTIONAL-CHARTER.pdf">Constitutional Charter</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-ariccia-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ariccia_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ariccia_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ariccia_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ariccia_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ariccia_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ariccia_2-5">f</a> Gran Priorato di Lombardia e Venezia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ordinedimaltaitalia.org/sites/malta/malta/files/news/files/Atti%20del%20Capitolo%20Generale%202023.pdf">Atti approvati dal Capitolo Generale Straordinario, Ariccia, 25-29 gennaio 2023</a>, 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-citizens-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-citizens_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-citizens_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSack1959" class="citation book cs1">Sack, John (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reportfrompracti00sack">Report from Practically Nowhere</a>. Harper. p. 140. <q>as part of the bargain only three men – the grand master, the lieutenant grand master, and the chancellor – could be citizens there. The other S.M.O.M.ians were to be citizens of the country they lived in."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+from+Practically+Nowhere&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Sack&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freportfrompracti00sack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="citation web cs1">Sovereign Military Order of Malta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080720045346/http://www.orderofmalta.org/missione.asp?idlingua=5">"Mission"</a>. Orderofmalta.int. 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(1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/BrownSirRSynopticalSketchOfTheOrderOfKnightsHospitallers1857/page/n27/mode/2up">Synoptical Sketch of the Illustrious & Sovereign Order of Knights Hospitallers of St John of Jerusalem and of the Venerable Langue of England</a>. london. p. 21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200911080504/https://archive.org/stream/BrownSirRSynopticalSketchOfTheOrderOfKnightsHospitallers1857/Brown%20Sir%20R%20-%20Synoptical%20Sketch%20of%20the%20Order%20of%20Knights%20Hospitallers%201857_djvu.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Synoptical+Sketch+of+the+Illustrious+%26+Sovereign+Order+of+Knights+Hospitallers+of+St+John+of+Jerusalem+and+of+the+Venerable+Langue+of+England&rft.place=london&rft.pages=21&rft.date=1857&rft.au=Sir+Richard+Broun%2C+K.T.&rft.au=Bart%2C+G.C.J.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FBrownSirRSynopticalSketchOfTheOrderOfKnightsHospitallers1857%2Fpage%2Fn27%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-N&Q,4_April_1863-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-N&Q,4_April_1863_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-N&Q,4_April_1863_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-N&Q,4_April_1863_30-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/nq/article-abstract/s3-III/66/270/4472530?redirectedFrom=fulltext">"The Order of St. John of Jerusalem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Notes_and_Queries" title="Notes and Queries">Notes and Queries</a>. s3-III (66). Oxford University Press: 270–273. 4 April 1863. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnq%2Fs3-III.66.270d">10.1093/nq/s3-III.66.270d</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200911071714/https://academic.oup.com/nq/article-abstract/s3-III/66/270/4472530?redirectedFrom=fulltext">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Queries&rft.atitle=The+Order+of+St.+John+of+Jerusalem&rft.volume=s3-III&rft.issue=66&rft.pages=270-273&rft.date=1863-04-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnq%2Fs3-III.66.270d&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fnq%2Farticle-abstract%2Fs3-III%2F66%2F270%2F4472530%3FredirectedFrom%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> The paper cited the Synoptical Sketch as the best source available for the subject matter. The text was identically repeated in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200911080417/https://masonicperiodicals.org/periodicals/mmr/issues/mmr_18041863/page/3/articles/ar00301/">The Freemasons' Monthly Magazine</a>, 18 April 1863, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Pocock, Tom (2005). The Terror Before Trafalgar: Nelson, Napoleon, And The Secret War. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-681-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-681-0">978-1-59114-681-0</a>. OCLC 56419314.p. 78 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Illustrated History of Europe: A Unique Guide to Europe's Common Heritage (1992) p. 282 </li> <li id="cite_note-Arocha-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arocha_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arocha_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arocha_33-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArocha1999" class="citation web cs1">Arocha, Magaly (May 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9LDb9lFYjVPUnFkaUVjVVdVUnM/view?usp=sharing">"La Orden de Malta y su Naturaleza Jurídica (The Order of Malta and Its Legal Nature)"</a>. Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela: Analítica.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150801044650/http://analitica.com/opinion/opinion-nacional/la-orden-de-malta-y-su-naturaleza-juridica/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Orden+de+Malta+y+su+Naturaleza+Jur%C3%ADdica+%28The+Order+of+Malta+and+Its+Legal+Nature%29&rft.place=Caracas%2C+Distrito+Capital%2C+Venezuela&rft.pub=Anal%C3%ADtica.com&rft.date=1999-05&rft.aulast=Arocha&rft.aufirst=Magaly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F0B9LDb9lFYjVPUnFkaUVjVVdVUnM%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-b944-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b944_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b944_34-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarski2012" class="citation journal cs1">Karski, Karol (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270721729">"The International Legal Status of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta"</a>. International Community Law Review. 14 (1). Brill: 19–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F187197312x617674">10.1163/187197312x617674</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1871-9740">1871-9740</a>. <q>The Order does not exercise territorial sovereignty over any territory, including its headquarters in Rome and Fort San Angelo, leased from Malta. Both are regarded only as exterritorial property.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Community+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+International+Legal+Status+of+the+Sovereign+Military+Hospitaller+Order+of+St.+John+of+Jerusalem+of+Rhodes+and+of+Malta&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19-32&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F187197312x617674&rft.issn=1871-9740&rft.aulast=Karski&rft.aufirst=Karol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F270721729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21388516">"Knights of Malta Catholic order celebrates 900 years"</a>. 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Die Tageszeitung: taz (in German). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0931-9085">0931-9085</a>. 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Retrieved 4 May 2018. <q>... up to the conclusion of the reform process and in any case until I consider it useful for the Order itself.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+of+the+Holy+Father+to+the+Special+Delegate+at+the+Sovereign+Military+Hospitaller+Order+of+Saint+John+of+Jerusalem%2C+of+Rhodes+and+of+Malta+%28S.M.O.M.%29%2C+04.05.2018&rft.pub=Holy+See+Press+Office&rft.date=2018-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fen%2Fbollettino%2Fpubblico%2F2018%2F05%2F04%2F180504b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrockhaus2018" class="citation news cs1">Brockhaus, Hannah (4 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/38335/pope-francis-extends-mandate-of-special-delegate-to-knights-of-malta">"Pope Francis extends mandate of special delegate to Knights of Malta"</a>. Catholic News Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180504225534/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/pope-francis-extends-mandate-of-special-delegate-to-knights-of-malta-24261">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+extends+mandate+of+special+delegate+to+Knights+of+Malta&rft.date=2018-05-04&rft.aulast=Brockhaus&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F38335%2Fpope-francis-extends-mandate-of-special-delegate-to-knights-of-malta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta2019" class="citation web cs1">Sovereign Military Order of Malta (2 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504120325/https://www.orderofmalta.int/2019/05/02/chapter-general-sovereign-order-of-malta-has-been-held-rome/">"The Chapter General of the Sovereign Order of Malta has been held in Rome"</a>. orderofmalta.int. 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Holy See Press Office. 1 November 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lettera+Pontificia+al+Cardinale+eletto+Silvano+Maria+Tomasi+per+la+nomina+a+Delegato+Speciale+presso+il+Sovrano+Militare+Ordine+di+Malta%2C+01.11.2020&rft.pub=Holy+See+Press+Office&rft.date=2020-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fit%2Fbollettino%2Fpubblico%2F2020%2F11%2F01%2F0567%2F01314.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2022-09/pope-promulgates-new-constitution-order-malta.html">"Pope promulgates new Constitution of the Order of Malta"</a>. 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Retrieved 4 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican+News&rft.atitle=Pope+promulgates+new+Constitution+of+the+Order+of+Malta&rft.date=2022-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticannews.va%2Fen%2Fpope%2Fnews%2F2022-09%2Fpope-promulgates-new-constitution-order-malta.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-decree2022-70"><a href="#cite_ref-decree2022_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2022/09/03/decree-for-the-sovereign-military-hospitaller-order-of-saint-joh.html">"Decree for the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta (S.M.O.M.), 03.09.2022"</a>. 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Sovrano Consiglio, elette le alte 4 cariche"</a>. Il Metropolitano (in Italian). 27 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Il+Metropolitano&rft.atitle=Ordine+di+Malta.+Sovrano+Consiglio%2C+elette+le+alte+4+cariche&rft.date=2023-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmetropolitano.it%2F2023%2F01%2F27%2Fordine-di-malta-sovrano-consiglio-elette-le-alte-4-cariche%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/news/extraordinary-chapter-general-elected-sovereign-council/">"The Extraordinary Chapter General Elected the Sovereign Council"</a>. Sovereign Order of Malta. 28 January 2023. 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Sovereign Order of Malta.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sovereign+Order+of+Malta&rft.atitle=Fra%27+John+Dunlap+81st+Grand+Master+of+the+Order+of+Malta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fnews%2Ffra-john-dunlap-81st-grand-master-of-the-order-of-malta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="citation web cs1">Sovereign Military Order of Malta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/government/grand-commander/">"Grand Commander"</a>. Orderofmalta.int. Retrieved 13 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orderofmalta.int&rft.atitle=Grand+Commander&rft.au=Sovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fgovernment%2Fgrand-commander%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="citation web cs1">Sovereign Military Order of Malta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/government/grand-chancellor/">"Grand Chancellor"</a>. Orderofmalta.int. 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Retrieved 13 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orderofmalta.int&rft.atitle=Receiver+of+the+Common+Treasure&rft.au=Sovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fgovernment%2Freceiver-of-the-common-treasure%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nationalinst-79"><a href="#cite_ref-nationalinst_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="citation web cs1">Sovereign Military Order of Malta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/sovereign-order-of-malta/national-institutions/">"National Institutions"</a>. orderofmalta.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160915200616/https://www.orderofmalta.int/sovereign-order-of-malta/national-institutions/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2016. 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Retrieved 21 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orderofmalta.int&rft.atitle=Multilateral+Relations&rft.au=Sovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fdiplomatic-activities%2Fmultilateral-relations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cerf.un.org/our-donors/contributions-by-donor">"Contributions by donor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Emergency_Response_Fund" title="Central Emergency Response Fund">Central Emergency Response Fund</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220823063217/https://cerf.un.org/our-donors/contributions-by-donor">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Emergency+Response+Fund&rft.atitle=Contributions+by+donor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcerf.un.org%2Four-donors%2Fcontributions-by-donor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNations" class="citation web cs1">Nations, United. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/intergovernmental-and-other-organizations">"Intergovernmental and Other Organizations"</a>. United Nations. Retrieved 14 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=Intergovernmental+and+Other+Organizations&rft.aulast=Nations&rft.aufirst=United&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fintergovernmental-and-other-organizations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011034457/http://www.arrl.org/awards/dxcc/list_1a0.html">"ARRLWeb: DXCC Entities List (Current, 1A0-9Z)"</a>. Arrl.org. 6 May 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arrl.org/awards/dxcc/list_1a0.html">the original</a> on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 17 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arrl.org&rft.atitle=ARRLWeb%3A+DXCC+Entities+List+%28Current%2C+1A0-9Z%29&rft.date=2008-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arrl.org%2Fawards%2Fdxcc%2Flist_1a0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.targheitaliane.it/smom/smom.html">"SMOM Plates"</a>. Targheitaliane.it. 24 August 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719071417/http://www.targheitaliane.it/smom/smom.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SMOM+Plates&rft.pub=Targheitaliane.it&rft.date=1994-08-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.targheitaliane.it%2Fsmom%2Fsmom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/stamps/?lang=en">"Sovereign Order of Malta – Official site"</a>. Orderofmalta.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180223050715/https://www.orderofmalta.int/stamps/?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sovereign+Order+of+Malta+%E2%80%93+Official+site&rft.pub=Orderofmalta.int&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fstamps%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/coins/">"The Coins of the Sovereign Order of Malta"</a>. Orderofmalta.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171028145632/https://www.orderofmalta.int/coins/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Coins+of+the+Sovereign+Order+of+Malta&rft.pub=Orderofmalta.int&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fcoins%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> "On account of some arguments presented in the 1950s, to the effect that the ties with the Holy See in a constitutional and international law context were so close and frequent that the true sovereignty of the Order could be called in question, constitutional changes were made by the Order. These were established in 1997. While the previous constitution laid down that the Order of Malta was a "legal entity solemnly recognised by the Holy See," this formulation has now been removed from the Order's constitution. The previous constitution prescribed that, after being elected, the head of state of the Order of Malta, that is to say the Grand Master, must be approved by the Pope, the new wording in the constitution only prescribes that after election the Grand Master shall inform the Pope of his election. Changes have been implemented throughout to show that the Order is independent of the Holy See from the constitutional and international law perspective." Bo J. Theutenberg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theutenberg.se/pdf/the_holy_see_the_order_of_malta_and_international_law.pdf">The Holy See, the Order of Malta and International Law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121180847/http://www.theutenberg.se/pdf/the_holy_see_the_order_of_malta_and_international_law.pdf">Archived</a> 21 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (2003), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-974235-6-4" title="Special:BookSources/91-974235-6-4">91-974235-6-4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060504065900/http://62.160.66.20/BASIS/epic/www/doc/DDW?M=1&K=967999489&W=DATE+%3D+%2707.02.1997%27+AND+TEXTE+PH+IS+%27ordre+de+malte%27+ORDER+BY+DATE/Descend">"Point de Presse Declarations du Porte-Parole"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Minist%C3%A8re_des_Affaires_%C3%A9trang%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministère des Affaires étrangères">Ministère des Affaires étrangères</a> (in French). 7 February 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://62.160.66.20/BASIS/epic/www/doc/DDW?M=1&K=967999489&W=DATE+%3D+%2707.02.1997%27+AND+TEXTE+PH+IS+%27ordre+de+malte%27+ORDER+BY+DATE/Descend">the original</a> on 4 May 2006. <q>Pour le droit français, l'Ordre de Malte n'est pas un sujet de droit international.</q> [For French law, the Order of Malta is not a subject of international law.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minist%C3%A8re+des+Affaires+%C3%A9trang%C3%A8res&rft.atitle=Point+de+Presse+Declarations+du+Porte-Parole&rft.date=1997-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F62.160.66.20%2FBASIS%2Fepic%2Fwww%2Fdoc%2FDDW%3FM%3D1%26K%3D967999489%26W%3DDATE%2B%253D%2B%252707.02.1997%2527%2BAND%2BTEXTE%2BPH%2BIS%2B%2527ordre%2Bde%2Bmalte%2527%2BORDER%2BBY%2BDATE%2FDescend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCansacchi1940" class="citation book cs1">Cansacchi, Giorgio (1940). Il diritto di legazione attivo e passivo dell'Ordine de Malta. p. 65.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Il+diritto+di+legazione+attivo+e+passivo+dell%27Ordine+de+Malta&rft.pages=65&rft.date=1940&rft.aulast=Cansacchi&rft.aufirst=Giorgio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAstraudo1935" class="citation journal cs1">Astraudo, A. (1935). "Saint-marin et l'Ordre de Malta". La Revue Diplomatique. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Revue+Diplomatique&rft.atitle=Saint-marin+et+l%27Ordre+de+Malta&rft.volume=7&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Astraudo&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Cox, Noel S.B., The Continuing Question of Sovereignty and the Sovereign Military Order of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta (June 2008). Available at SSRN: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=1140462">https://ssrn.com/abstract=1140462</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1140462">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1140462</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWengler1964" class="citation book cs1">Wengler, Wilhelm (1964). Völkerrecht. Berlin: Springer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V%C3%B6lkerrecht&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Wengler&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownlie2019" class="citation book cs1">Brownlie, Ian (2019). Principles of Public International Law (9th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Public+International+Law&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Brownlie&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinberger2000" class="citation book cs1">Steinberger, Helmut (2000). "Sovereignty". Encyclopaedia of Public International Law. Amsterdam: North Holland. pp. IV, 512.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sovereignty&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Public+International+Law&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=IV%2C+512&rft.pub=North+Holland&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Steinberger&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahm1958–1961" class="citation book cs1">Dahm, Georg (1958–1961). Völkerrecht. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V%C3%B6lkerrecht.&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pub=W.+Kohlhammer&rft.date=1958%2F1961&rft.aulast=Dahm&rft.aufirst=Georg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldstein-Wartenberg1969" class="citation book cs1">Waldstein-Wartenberg, Berthold (1969). Rechtsgeschichte des Malteserordens. Wien: Verlag Herold. p. 264.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rechtsgeschichte+des+Malteserordens&rft.place=Wien&rft.pages=264&rft.pub=Verlag+Herold&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Waldstein-Wartenberg&rft.aufirst=Berthold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVon_Glahn1992" class="citation book cs1">Von Glahn, Gerhard (1992). Law Among Nations: An Introduction to Public International Law (6th revised ed.). Sweet & Maxwell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Law+Among+Nations%3A+An+Introduction+to+Public+International+Law&rft.edition=6th+revised&rft.pub=Sweet+%26+Maxwell&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Von+Glahn&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace2005" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Rebecca (2005). International Law: A Student Introduction (5th ed.). Sweet & Maxwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/042188410X" title="Special:BookSources/042188410X"><bdi>042188410X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Law%3A+A+Student+Introduction&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Sweet+%26+Maxwell&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=042188410X&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vatican-124"><a href="#cite_ref-vatican_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-45-1953-ocr.pdf">"Tribunal e Cardinalizi O Costituto Con Pontificio Chirografo Del 10 Diciembre 1951 (judgment dated 24 January 1953)"</a> (PDF). Acta Apostolicae Sedis (in Italian). XLV (15). The Holy See: 765–767. 30 November 1953. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150214164058/https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-45-1953-ocr.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Apostolicae+Sedis&rft.atitle=Tribunal+e+Cardinalizi+O+Costituto+Con+Pontificio+Chirografo+Del+10+Diciembre+1951+%28judgment+dated+24+January+1953%29&rft.volume=XLV&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=765-767&rft.date=1953-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Faas%2Fdocuments%2FAAS-45-1953-ocr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sainty-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sainty_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sainty_125-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSainty" class="citation web cs1">Sainty, Guy Stair. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.gayhomeland.org/0010/EN/EN_Souvereignity_and_international_Law_G_S_Sainty.htm#BM1">"The Order of Malta, Sovereignty, and International Law"</a>. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Order+of+Malta%2C+Sovereignty%2C+and+International+Law&rft.aulast=Sainty&rft.aufirst=Guy+Stair&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.gayhomeland.org%2F0010%2FEN%2FEN_Souvereignity_and_international_Law_G_S_Sainty.htm%23BM1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swab.zlibcdn.com/dtoken/d9b09dd57910bda736e1e1045ece596b/23164645.pdf">"Corte Suprema di Cassazione; Sezioni unite civili; sentenza 6 giugno 1974, n. 1653"</a> (PDF). Il Foro Italiano. 98 (6): 1471/1472–1475/1476. June 1975. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Il+Foro+Italiano&rft.atitle=Corte+Suprema+di+Cassazione%3B+Sezioni+unite+civili%3B+sentenza+6+giugno+1974%2C+n.+1653&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1471%2F1472-1475%2F1476&rft.date=1975-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fswab.zlibcdn.com%2Fdtoken%2Fd9b09dd57910bda736e1e1045ece596b%2F23164645.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul,_Chevalier_(pseudonym_of_a_French_knight_of_the_SMOM)" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Chevalier (pseudonym of a French knight of the SMOM). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030702021513/http://www.maineworldnewsservice.com/caltrap/anessay.htm">"An Essay on the Order of St. John (S.M.O.M.)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maineworldnewsservice.com/caltrap/anessay.htm">the original</a> on 2 July 2003. Retrieved 8 October 2012. <q>Minuscule as it is, the Order does also possess sovereign territory. This consists of the land in Rome on which stands the Grand Magistracy in the Via Condotti and the Villa Malta.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Essay+on+the+Order+of+St.+John+%28S.M.O.M.%29&rft.au=Paul%2C+Chevalier+%28pseudonym+of+a+French+knight+of+the+SMOM%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maineworldnewsservice.com%2Fcaltrap%2Fanessay.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVittorio_Emanuele_III1929" class="citation news cs1">Vittorio Emanuele III (2 December 1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/gu/1929/12/02/280/sg/pdf">"Norme relative al trattamento del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta nell'ordine delle precedenze a Corte e nelle pubbliche funzioni"</a>. Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia. pp. 5393–5394. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gazzetta+Ufficiale+del+Regno+d%27Italia&rft.atitle=Norme+relative+al+trattamento+del+Sovrano+Militare+Ordine+di+Malta+nell%27ordine+delle+precedenze+a+Corte+e+nelle+pubbliche+funzioni.&rft.pages=5393-5394&rft.date=1929-12-02&rft.au=Vittorio+Emanuele+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazzettaufficiale.it%2Feli%2Fgu%2F1929%2F12%2F02%2F280%2Fsg%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-129">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_129-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_129-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141119024945/http://www.mfa.gov.mt/TreatyDetails.aspx?id=1469">"Agreement between the Republic of Malta and the Sovereign Military Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta for the Restoration and Utilisation of Parts of Fort St. Angelo"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.mt/TreatyDetails.aspx?id%3D1469">the original</a> on 19 November 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agreement+between+the+Republic+of+Malta+and+the+Sovereign+Military+Order+of+St.+John+of+Jerusalem+of+Rhodes+and+of+Malta+for+the+Restoration+and+Utilisation+of+Parts+of+Fort+St.+Angelo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.mt%2FTreatyDetails.aspx%3Fid%253D1469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_130-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141119024832/http://www.mfa.gov.mt/TreatyDetails.aspx?id=464">"Agreement between the Government of Malta and the Government of the Sovereign Hospitalier Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta for the restoration and utilisation of parts of Fort St. Angelo"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.mt/TreatyDetails.aspx?id%3D464">the original</a> on 19 November 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agreement+between+the+Government+of+Malta+and+the+Government+of+the+Sovereign+Hospitalier+Order+of+Saint+John+of+Jerusalem%2C+of+Rhodes+and+of+Malta+for+the+restoration+and+utilisation+of+parts+of+Fort+St.+Angelo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.mt%2FTreatyDetails.aspx%3Fid%253D464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Agreement between the Government of Malta and the Government of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta (signed 5 December 1998), Article 3(4)–(5), Article 3(2)–(3), Article 7(4) </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta2001" class="citation web cs1">Sovereign Military Order of Malta (13 March 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/2001/03/13/after-two-centuries-the-order-of-malta-flag-flies-over-fort-st-angelo-beside-the-maltese-flag/">"After Two Centuries, the Order of Malta Flag Flies over Fort St. Angelo beside the Maltese Flag"</a>. orderofmalta.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160916163852/https://www.orderofmalta.int/2001/03/13/after-two-centuries-the-order-of-malta-flag-flies-over-fort-st-angelo-beside-the-maltese-flag/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=orderofmalta.int&rft.atitle=After+Two+Centuries%2C+the+Order+of+Malta+Flag+Flies+over+Fort+St.+Angelo+beside+the+Maltese+Flag&rft.date=2001-03-13&rft.au=Sovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2F2001%2F03%2F13%2Fafter-two-centuries-the-order-of-malta-flag-flies-over-fort-st-angelo-beside-the-maltese-flag%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-stamps-133"><a href="#cite_ref-stamps_133-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/associate-countries/">"Associate Countries"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180222225731/https://www.orderofmalta.int/associate-countries/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Associate+Countries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fassociate-countries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-134">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_134-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_134-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolaro_del_Borgo2007" class="citation web cs1">Solaro del Borgo, Fausto (17 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080627091939/http://www.orderofmalta.org.uk/del_Borgo.pdf">"Address to British Association SMOM by Fausto Solaro del Borgo, President of the Italian Association London, 17 November"</a> (PDF). Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orderofmalta.org.uk/del_Borgo.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 June 2008. Retrieved 10 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Address+to+British+Association+SMOM+by+Fausto+Solaro+del+Borgo%2C+President+of+the+Italian+Association+London%2C+17+November&rft.pub=Sovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta&rft.date=2007-11-17&rft.aulast=Solaro+del+Borgo&rft.aufirst=Fausto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.org.uk%2Fdel_Borgo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orderofmalta.int/wp-content/themes/order_of_malta/image_zoom.php?id=40667&foto=0&lang=en&titolo=">"This photograph shows four members of the Corps standing guard at the coffin of a deceased Grand Master of the Order"</a>. Orderofmalta.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106195447/https://www.orderofmalta.int/wp-content/themes/order_of_malta/image_zoom.php?id=40667&foto=0&lang=en&titolo=">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orderofmalta.int&rft.atitle=This+photograph+shows+four+members+of+the+Corps+standing+guard+at+the+coffin+of+a+deceased+Grand+Master+of+the+Order&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fwp-content%2Fthemes%2Forder_of_malta%2Fimage_zoom.php%3Fid%3D40667%26foto%3D0%26lang%3Den%26titolo%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> Military Aircraft Insignia of the World by John Cochrane and Stuart Elliott, published 1998 by Airlife Publishing Limited of Shrewsbury, England (illustrated). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85310-873-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85310-873-1">1-85310-873-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orderofmalta.int/wp-content/themes/order_of_malta/gallery_zoom.php?id=35087&foto=0&lang=en">"Hospital train"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324183934/http://www.orderofmalta.int/wp-content/themes/order_of_malta/gallery_zoom.php?id=35087&foto=0&lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hospital+train&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fwp-content%2Fthemes%2Forder_of_malta%2Fgallery_zoom.php%3Fid%3D35087%26foto%3D0%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrdine_di_Malta" class="citation web cs1">Ordine di Malta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120506234943/http://www.orderofmalta.int/press-articles/27314/treno-ospedale-attrezzato-per-lemergenza/?lang=en">"Treno Ospedale Attrezzato Per L'Emergenza"</a>. Orderofmalta.int. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orderofmalta.int/press-articles/27314/treno-ospedale-attrezzato-per-lemergenza/?lang=en">the original</a> on 6 May 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orderofmalta.int&rft.atitle=Treno+Ospedale+Attrezzato+Per+L%27Emergenza&rft.au=Ordine+di+Malta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fpress-articles%2F27314%2Ftreno-ospedale-attrezzato-per-lemergenza%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLentz_III2015" class="citation book cs1">Lentz III, Harris M. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ongwCgAAQBAJ">Popes and Cardinals of the 20th Century: A Biographical Dictionary</a>. Jefferson, NC: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="McFarland Publishing">McFarland Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781476621555" title="Special:BookSources/9781476621555"><bdi>9781476621555</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popes+and+Cardinals+of+the+20th+Century%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+NC&rft.pub=McFarland+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781476621555&rft.aulast=Lentz+III&rft.aufirst=Harris+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DongwCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurlamacchi2013" class="citation book cs1">Burlamacchi, Maurizio (2013). Nobility, Honour and Glory: A Brief Military History of the Order of Malta. Olschki. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-222-6247-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-222-6247-9"><bdi>978-88-222-6247-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nobility%2C+Honour+and+Glory%3A+A+Brief+Military+History+of+the+Order+of+Malta&rft.pub=Olschki&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-88-222-6247-9&rft.aulast=Burlamacchi&rft.aufirst=Maurizio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen1920" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, R. (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/knightsmalta00cohegoog/page/n2/mode/2up">Knights of Malta, 1523–1798</a>. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knights+of+Malta%2C+1523%E2%80%931798&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Society+for+Promoting+Christian+Knowledge&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fknightsmalta00cohegoog%2Fpage%2Fn2%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sire" title="Henry Sire">Colonna, Marcantonio</a>, The Dictator Pope: The Inside Story of the Francis Papacy, Washington DC, Regnery Publishing, 2017–2018.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGüttner-Sporzyński2013" class="citation book cs1">Güttner-Sporzyński, Darius von (15 January 2013) [2013]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265378324">Evolution and Adaptation: The Order of Saint John in War and Peace</a>. Ordines Militares. Colloquia Torunensia Historica. Retrieved 9 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolution+and+Adaptation%3A+The+Order+of+Saint+John+in+War+and+Peace&rft.pub=Ordines+Militares.+Colloquia+Torunensia+Historica&rft.date=2013-01-15&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCttner-Sporzy%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Darius+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F265378324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantolaria_de_Puey_y_Cruells1997" class="citation book cs1">Santolaria de Puey y Cruells, José-Apeles (1997). Escuela Diplomática Española (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B3R26J604FxmMWYzZDc5ZTctMzhiMS00NGZmLThlZjgtNmI5YTJiNzdkMTQy">Relaciones jurídicas internacionales de la Soberana Orden de San Juan de Malta</a>. <a href="/wiki/Google_Docs" title="Google Docs">Google Docs</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Relaciones+jur%C3%ADdicas+internacionales+de+la+Soberana+Orden+de+San+Juan+de+Malta&rft.pub=Google+Docs&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Santolaria+de+Puey+y+Cruells&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9-Apeles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fopen%3Fid%3D0B3R26J604FxmMWYzZDc5ZTctMzhiMS00NGZmLThlZjgtNmI5YTJiNzdkMTQy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSire1994" class="citation book cs1">Sire, H.J.A. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SireHJATheKnightsOfMalta_201706/mode/2up">The Knights of Malta</a>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300055021" title="Special:BookSources/0300055021"><bdi>0300055021</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Knights+of+Malta&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0300055021&rft.aulast=Sire&rft.aufirst=H.J.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FSireHJATheKnightsOfMalta_201706%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSire2016" class="citation book cs1">Sire, H.J.A. (2016). The Knights of Malta: A Modern Resurrection. Bevin Way, London: Third Millennium. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781908990679" title="Special:BookSources/9781908990679"><bdi>9781908990679</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Knights+of+Malta%3A+A+Modern+Resurrection&rft.place=Bevin+Way%2C+London&rft.pub=Third+Millennium&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781908990679&rft.aulast=Sire&rft.aufirst=H.J.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"></li> <li>List of Italian knights of the Order of Malta from 1136 to 1713: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/elencodeicavali00bonagoog#page/n8/mode/1up">Elenco dei cavaleri del S.M.Ordine di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme</a> by Francesco Bonazzi (Napoli: Libreria Detken & Rocholl, 1897)</li> <li>List of Italian knights of the Order of Malta from 1714 to 1907: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/elencodeicavali01bonagoog#page/n5/mode/1up">Elenco dei cavaleri del S.M.Ordine di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme</a> by Francesco Bonazzi (Napoli: Libreria Detken & Rocholl, 1907)</li> <li>List of members of the Order of Malta 1880: <a href="//archive.org/details/ruologeneraledel00knig/page/n7/mode/2up" class="extiw" title="iarchive:ruologeneraledel00knig/page/n7/mode/2up">Ruolo generale del sov. mil. ordine di S. Giovanni de Gerulasemme ovvero di Malta</a> (Roma: Tipografia Poliglotta della S. Congregazione di Propaganda Fide, 1880)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGagliarducci2022" class="citation web cs1">Gagliarducci, Andrea (6 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/252211/how-did-pope-francis-change-the-order-of-malta">"How did Pope Francis change the Order of Malta?"</a>. Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 7 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+News+Agency&rft.atitle=How+did+Pope+Francis+change+the+Order+of+Malta%3F&rft.date=2022-09-06&rft.aulast=Gagliarducci&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F252211%2Fhow-did-pope-francis-change-the-order-of-malta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 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Vienna</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unmissionny.orderofmalta.int/">Permanent Observer Mission of the Order of Malta to the United Nations in New York</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://postemagistrali.orderofmalta.int/">The Order of Malta Magistral Post</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ramblinrandy.com/europe/the-sovereign-military-order-of-malta-the-other-matla/">The Sovereign Military Order of Malta – The OTHER Malta! A visit to the Order's leased property on the Island of Malta</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/21px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/21px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" data-alt="icon" data-width="21" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/42px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/21px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/21px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/42px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Malta" title="Portal:Malta">Malta</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/21px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/21px-P_christianity.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="21" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/42px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity</a></li></ul></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&oldid=1258815993">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&oldid=1258815993</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 21 November 2024, at 19:57 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soewereine_Milit%C3%AAre_Orde_van_Malta" title="Soewereine Militêre Orde van Malta – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Soewereine Militêre Orde van Malta" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0" title="माल्टा क सॉवरेन मिलिट्री ऑर्डर – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="माल्टा क सॉवरेन मिलिट्री ऑर्डर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A9" title="فرسان مالطة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرسان مالطة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobirana_Militar_Orden_de_Malta" title="Sobirana Militar Orden de Malta – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sobirana Militar Orden de Malta" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caballeros_de_Malta" title="Caballeros de Malta – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Caballeros de Malta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_Suveren_H%C9%99rbi_Ordeni" title="Malta Suveren Hərbi Ordeni – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Malta Suveren Hərbi Ordeni" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_Kh%C3%AE-s%C5%AB-tho%C3%A2n" title="Malta Khî-sū-thoân – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Malta Khî-sū-thoân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Мальта ордены – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мальта ордены" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Мальтыйскі Ордэн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мальтыйскі Ордэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Мальтыйскі ордэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мальтыйскі ордэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soberanong_Orden_na_Militar_kan_Malta" title="Soberanong Orden na Militar kan Malta – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Soberanong Orden na Militar kan Malta" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Суверенен Малтийски орден – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Суверенен Малтийски орден" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suvereni_malte%C5%A1ki_vojni_red" title="Suvereni malteški vojni red – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Suvereni malteški vojni red" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_Sobir%C3%A0_i_Militar_de_Malta" title="Orde Sobirà i Militar de Malta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orde Sobirà i Militar de Malta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%C4%95" title="Мальта орденĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мальта орденĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suver%C3%A9nn%C3%AD_%C5%99%C3%A1d_Malt%C3%A9zsk%C3%BDch_ryt%C3%AD%C5%99%C5%AF" title="Suverénní řád Maltézských rytířů – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Suverénní řád Maltézských rytířů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souver%C3%A4ner_Malteserorden" title="Souveräner Malteserorden – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Souveräner Malteserorden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_ordu" title="Malta ordu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Malta ordu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A4%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κυρίαρχο Στρατιωτικό Τάγμα της Μάλτας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυρίαρχο Στρατιωτικό Τάγμα της Μάλτας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orden_de_Malta" title="Orden de Malta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Orden de Malta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_Ordeno" title="Malta Ordeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malta Ordeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltako_Ordena" title="Maltako Ordena – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maltako Ordena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="نظام مستقل مالت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نظام مستقل مالت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_souverain_militaire_et_hospitalier_de_Saint-Jean_de_J%C3%A9rusalem,_de_Rhodes_et_de_Malte" title="Ordre souverain militaire et hospitalier de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem, de Rhodes et de Malte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordre souverain militaire et hospitalier de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem, de Rhodes et de Malte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soevereine_Milit%C3%AAre_Oarder_fan_Malta" title="Soevereine Militêre Oarder fan Malta – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Soevereine Militêre Oarder fan Malta" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_de_Malta" title="Orde de Malta – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Orde de Malta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%B0%ED%83%80_%EA%B8%B0%EC%82%AC%EB%8B%A8" title="몰타 기사단 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="몰타 기사단" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մալթայի միաբանություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մալթայի միաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suvereni_vite%C5%A1ki_malte%C5%A1ki_red" title="Suvereni viteški malteški red – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Suvereni viteški malteški red" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo_Militer_Berdaulat_Malta" title="Ordo Militer Berdaulat Malta – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ordo Militer Berdaulat Malta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordine_de_Malta" title="Ordine de Malta – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ordine de Malta" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6lturiddarar" title="Mölturiddarar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mölturiddarar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovrano_Militare_Ordine_di_Malta" title="Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%94" title="המסדר הריבוני הצבאי של מלטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המסדר הריבוני הצבאי של מלטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utawa_wa_Malta" title="Utawa wa Malta – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Utawa wa Malta" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neatkar%C4%ABgais_Maltas_Bru%C5%86inieku_ordenis" title="Neatkarīgais Maltas Bruņinieku ordenis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Neatkarīgais Maltas Bruņinieku ordenis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malteeseruerden" title="Malteeseruerden – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Malteeseruerden" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltos_Ordinas" title="Maltos Ordinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Maltos Ordinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_de_Mata" title="Orde de Mata – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Orde de Mata" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovran_Militar_Orden_de_Malta" title="Sovran Militar Orden de Malta – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sovran Militar Orden de Malta" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1ltai_lovagrend" title="Máltai lovagrend – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Máltai lovagrend" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Малтешки ред – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Малтешки ред" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordni_ta%27_San_%C4%A0wann" title="Ordni ta' San Ġwann – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ordni ta' San Ġwann" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اسبتاريه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسبتاريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesateria_Malta" title="Kesateria Malta – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kesateria Malta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%AB-l%C3%A9-d%C3%A2i_Ki%C3%A8-s%C3%AA%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3-tu%C3%A0ng" title="Mī-lé-dâi Kiè-sê̤ṳ-tuàng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mī-lé-dâi Kiè-sê̤ṳ-tuàng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_van_Malta" title="Orde van Malta – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Orde van Malta" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9B%A3" title="マルタ騎士団 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マルタ騎士団" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Малтойн орден – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Малтойн орден" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suwereen_Malteeserorden" title="Suwereen Malteeserorden – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Suwereen Malteeserorden" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malteserordenen" title="Malteserordenen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Malteserordenen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltesarordenen" title="Maltesarordenen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Maltesarordenen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_souverain_militaire_h%C3%B4pitalier_de_Saint-Jean_de_J%C3%A9rusalem,_de_Rhodes_et_de_Malte" title="Ordre souverain militaire hôpitalier de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem, de Rhodes et de Malte – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Ordre souverain militaire hôpitalier de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem, de Rhodes et de Malte" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92rdre_Sobiran_e_Militar_de_Malta" title="Òrdre Sobiran e Militar de Malta – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Òrdre Sobiran e Militar de Malta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_ordeni" title="Malta ordeni – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Malta ordeni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakon_Malta%C5%84ski" title="Zakon Maltański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zakon Maltański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordem_de_Malta" title="Ordem de Malta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ordem de Malta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinul_Suveran_al_Cavalerilor_de_Malta" title="Ordinul Suveran al Cavalerilor de Malta – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ordinul Suveran al Cavalerilor de Malta" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мальтийский орден – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мальтийский орден" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdh%C3%ABri_Sovran_Ushtarak_i_Malt%C3%ABs" title="Urdhëri Sovran Ushtarak i Maltës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Urdhëri Sovran Ushtarak i Maltës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malt%C3%A9zsky_r%C3%A1d" title="Maltézsky rád – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Maltézsky rád" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suvereni_malte%C5%A1ki_vite%C5%A1ki_red" title="Suvereni malteški viteški red – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Suvereni malteški viteški red" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Малтешки витешки ред – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Малтешки витешки ред" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suvereni_vojni%C4%8Dki_red_Malte" title="Suvereni vojnički red Malte – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Suvereni vojnički red Malte" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltan_ritarikunta" title="Maltan ritarikunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maltan ritarikunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malteserorden" title="Malteserorden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Malteserorden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soberanong_Ordeng_Militar_ng_Malta" title="Soberanong Ordeng Militar ng Malta – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Soberanong Ordeng Militar ng Malta" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="คณะเสนาธิปัตย์แห่งมอลตา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คณะเสนาธิปัตย์แห่งมอลตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мальтійський орден – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мальтійський орден" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%B9%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="مالٹا خود مختار فوجی مجاز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مالٹا خود مختار فوجی مجاز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovran_Mi%C5%82itar_%C3%93rdene_de_Malta" title="Sovran Miłitar Órdene de Malta – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sovran Miłitar Órdene de Malta" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2ng_Chi%E1%BA%BFn_s%C4%A9_To%C3%A0n_quy%E1%BB%81n_Malta" title="Dòng Chiến sĩ Toàn quyền Malta – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dòng Chiến sĩ Toàn quyền Malta" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%96%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98" title="馬爾他騎士團 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="馬爾他騎士團" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB%E5%9B%A2" title="马耳他骑士团 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马耳他骑士团" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98" title="馬耳他騎士團 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬耳他騎士團" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%96%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98" title="馬爾他騎士團 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="馬爾他騎士團" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 19:57 (UTC).</li> <li 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