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efficiency</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: spectral efficiency"> <meta name="keywords" content="spectral efficiency"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="spectral efficiency"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2766</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: spectral efficiency</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2766</span> Enhanced Interference Management Technique for Multi-Cell Multi-Antenna System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Simon%20E.%20Uguru">Simon E. Uguru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Victor%20E.%20Idigo"> Victor E. Idigo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Obinna%20S.%20Oguejiofor"> Obinna S. Oguejiofor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Naveed%20Nawaz"> Naveed Nawaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>As the deployment of the Fifth Generation (5G) mobile communication networks take shape all over the world, achieving spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and dealing with interference are among the greatest challenges encountered so far. The aim of this study is to mitigate inter-cell interference (ICI) in a multi-cell multi-antenna system while maximizing the spectral efficiency of the system. In this study, a system model was devised that showed a miniature representation of a multi-cell multi-antenna system. Based on this system model, a convex optimization problem was formulated to maximize the spectral efficiency of the system while mitigating the ICI. This optimization problem was solved using CVX, which is a modeling system for constructing and solving discipline convex programs. The solutions to the optimization problem are sub-optimal coordinated beamformers. These coordinated beamformers direct each data to the served user equipments (UEs) in each cell without interference during downlink transmission, thereby maximizing the system-wide spectral efficiency.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=coordinated%20beamforming" title="coordinated beamforming">coordinated beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=convex%20optimization" title=" convex optimization"> convex optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=inter-cell%20interference" title=" inter-cell interference"> inter-cell interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multi-antenna" title=" multi-antenna"> multi-antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multi-cell" title=" multi-cell"> multi-cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectral%20efficiency" title=" spectral efficiency"> spectral efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012312/enhanced-interference-management-technique-for-multi-cell-multi-antenna-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012312/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012312/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012312/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012312/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012312/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012312/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012312/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012312/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012312/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012312/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2765</span> The Ratios between the Spectral Norm, the Numerical Radius and the Spectral Radius</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kui%20Du">Kui Du</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Recently, Uhlig [Numer. Algorithms, 52(3):335-353, 2009] proposed open questions about the ratios between the spectral norm, the numerical radius and the spectral radius of a square matrix. In this note, we provide some observations to answer these questions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectral%20norm" title="Spectral norm">Spectral norm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Numerical%20radius" title=" Numerical radius"> Numerical radius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectral%20radius" title=" Spectral radius"> Spectral radius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ratios" title=" Ratios"> Ratios</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11448/the-ratios-between-the-spectral-norm-the-numerical-radius-and-the-spectral-radius" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11448/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11448/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11448/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11448/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11448/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11448/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11448/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11448/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11448/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11448/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1826</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2764</span> Optimum Radio Capacity Estimation of a Single-Cell Spread Spectrum MIMO System under Rayleigh Fading Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Varzakas"> P. Varzakas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the problem of estimating the optimal radio capacity of a single-cell spread spectrum (SS) multiple-inputmultiple- output (MIMO) system operating in a Rayleigh fading environment is examined. The optimisation between the radio capacity and the theoretically achievable average channel capacity (in the sense of information theory) per user of a MIMO single-cell SS system operating in a Rayleigh fading environment is presented. Then, the spectral efficiency is estimated in terms of the achievable average channel capacity per user, during the operation over a broadcast time-varying link, and leads to a simple novel-closed form expression for the optimal radio capacity value based on the maximization of the achieved spectral efficiency. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the proposed analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Channel%20capacity" title="Channel capacity">Channel capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MIMO%20systems" title=" MIMO systems"> MIMO systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Radio%20capacity" title=" Radio capacity"> Radio capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rayleigh%20fading" title=" Rayleigh fading"> Rayleigh fading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectral%20efficiency." title=" Spectral efficiency."> Spectral efficiency.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6024/optimum-radio-capacity-estimation-of-a-single-cell-spread-spectrum-mimo-system-under-rayleigh-fading-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6024/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6024/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6024/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6024/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6024/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6024/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6024/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6024/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6024/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6024/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2763</span> Fourier Spectral Method for Analytic Continuation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhenyu%20Zhao">Zhenyu Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lei%20You"> Lei You</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The numerical analytic continuation of a function f(z) = f(x + iy) on a strip is discussed in this paper. The data are only given approximately on the real axis. The periodicity of given data is assumed. A truncated Fourier spectral method has been introduced to deal with the ill-posedness of the problem. The theoretic results show that the discrepancy principle can work well for this problem. Some numerical results are also given to show the efficiency of the method.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Analytic%20continuation" title="Analytic continuation">Analytic continuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ill-posed%20problem" title=" ill-posed problem"> ill-posed problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=regularization%20method%20Fourier%20spectral%20method" title=" regularization method Fourier spectral method"> regularization method Fourier spectral method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=the%20discrepancy%20principle." title=" the discrepancy principle."> the discrepancy principle.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9760/fourier-spectral-method-for-analytic-continuation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9760/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9760/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9760/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9760/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9760/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9760/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9760/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9760/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9760/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9760/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2762</span> New Approach to Spectral Analysis of High Bit Rate PCM Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20P.%20Dubois">J. P. Dubois</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pulse code modulation is a widespread technique in digital communication with significant impact on existing modern and proposed future communication technologies. Its widespread utilization is due to its simplicity and attractive spectral characteristics. In this paper, we present a new approach to the spectral analysis of PCM signals using Riemann-Stieltjes integrals, which is very accurate for high bit rates. This approach can serve as a model for similar spectral analysis of other competing modulation schemes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Coding" title="Coding">Coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=discrete%20Fourier" title=" discrete Fourier"> discrete Fourier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=power%20spectral%20density" title=" power spectral density"> power spectral density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pulse%20code%20modulation" title="pulse code modulation">pulse code modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Riemann-Stieltjes%20integrals." title=" Riemann-Stieltjes integrals."> Riemann-Stieltjes integrals.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14205/new-approach-to-spectral-analysis-of-high-bit-rate-pcm-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14205/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14205/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14205/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14205/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14205/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14205/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14205/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14205/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14205/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14205/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1592</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2761</span> WDM and OCDMA Systems under MAI Effects: A Comparison Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hilal%20A.%20Fadhil">Hilal A. Fadhil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thanaa%20Hussein%20Abd"> Thanaa Hussein Abd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hamza%20M.%20R.%20Al-Khafaji"> Hamza M. R. Al-Khafaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20A.%20Aljunid"> S. A. Aljunid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comparison between Spectrum- Sliced Wavelength Division Multiplexing (SS-WDM) and Spectrum Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC Optical CDMA) systems for different light sources. The performance of the system is shown in the simulated results of the bit error rate (BER) and the eye diagram of both systems. The comparison results indicate that the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) effects have a significant impact on SS-WDM over SAC Optical CDMA systems. Finally, in terms of spectral efficiency at constant BER of 10-12, SSWDM offers higher spectral efficiency than optical CDMA since no bandwidth expansion in needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WDM" title="WDM">WDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=OCDMA" title=" OCDMA"> OCDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RD%20code" title=" RD code"> RD code</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/wdm-and-ocdma-systems-under-mai-effects-a-comparison-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2760</span> Enhanced Spectral Envelope Coding Based On NLMS for G.729.1</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Keunseok%20Cho">Keunseok Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sangbae%20Jeong"> Sangbae Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hyungwook%20Chang"> Hyungwook Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Minsoo%20Hahn"> Minsoo Hahn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, a new encoding algorithm of spectral envelope based on NLMS in G.729.1 for VoIP is proposed. In the TDAC part of G.729.1, the spectral envelope and MDCT coefficients extracted in the weighted CELP coding error (lower-band) and the higher-band input signal are encoded. In order to reduce allocation bits for spectral envelope coding, a new quantization algorithm based on NLMS is proposed. Also, reduced bits are used to enhance sound quality. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by sound quality and bit reduction rates in clean and frame loss conditions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.729.1" title="G.729.1">G.729.1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MDCT%20coefficient" title=" MDCT coefficient"> MDCT coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NLMS" title=" NLMS"> NLMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectral%0D%0Aenvelope." title=" spectral envelope."> spectral envelope.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7812/enhanced-spectral-envelope-coding-based-on-nlms-for-g7291" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7812/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7812/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7812/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7812/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7812/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7812/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7812/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7812/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7812/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7812/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1669</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2759</span> Enhancement of m-FISH Images using Spectral Unmixing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Martin%20De%20Biasio">Martin De Biasio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raimund%20Leitner"> Raimund Leitner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Franz%20G.%20Wuertz"> Franz G. Wuertz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sergey%20Verzakov"> Sergey Verzakov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pierre%20J.%20Elbischger"> Pierre J. Elbischger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breast carcinoma is the most common form of cancer in women. Multicolour fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (m-FISH) is a common method for staging breast carcinoma. The interpretation of m-FISH images is complicated due to two effects: (i) Spectral overlap in the emission spectra of fluorochrome marked DNA probes and (ii) tissue autofluorescence. In this paper hyper-spectral images of m-FISH samples are used and spectral unmixing is applied to produce false colour images with higher contrast and better information content than standard RGB images. The spectral unmixing is realised by combinations of: Orthogonal Projection Analysis (OPA), Alterating Least Squares (ALS), Simple-to-use Interactive Self-Modeling Mixture Analysis (SIMPLISMA) and VARIMAX. These are applied on the data to reduce tissue autofluorescence and resolve the spectral overlap in the emission spectra. The results show that spectral unmixing methods reduce the intensity caused by tissue autofluorescence by up to 78% and enhance image contrast by algorithmically reducing the overlap of the emission spectra. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=breast%20carcinoma" title="breast carcinoma">breast carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hyperspectral%20imaging" title=" hyperspectral imaging"> hyperspectral imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=m-FISH" title=" m-FISH"> m-FISH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectral%20unmixing" title="spectral unmixing">spectral unmixing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6018/enhancement-of-m-fish-images-using-spectral-unmixing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6018/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6018/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6018/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6018/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6018/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6018/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6018/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6018/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6018/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6018/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1771</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2758</span> Matrix Valued Difference Equations with Spectral Singularities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Serifenur%20Cebesoy">Serifenur Cebesoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yelda%20Aygar"> Yelda Aygar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Elgiz%20Bairamov"> Elgiz Bairamov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this study, we examine some spectral properties of non-selfadjoint matrix-valued difference equations consisting of a polynomial-type Jost solution. The aim of this study is to investigate the eigenvalues and spectral singularities of the difference operator L which is expressed by the above-mentioned difference equation. Firstly, thanks to the representation of polynomial type Jost solution of this equation, we obtain asymptotics and some analytical properties. Then, using the uniqueness theorems of analytic functions, we guarantee that the operator L has a finite number of eigenvalues and spectral singularities.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Difference%20Equations" title="Difference Equations">Difference Equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jost%20Functions" title=" Jost Functions"> Jost Functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asymptotics" title=" Asymptotics"> Asymptotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eigenvalues" title=" Eigenvalues"> Eigenvalues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Continuous%20Spectrum" title=" Continuous Spectrum"> Continuous Spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectral%20Singularities." title=" Spectral Singularities."> Spectral Singularities.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002700/matrix-valued-difference-equations-with-spectral-singularities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002700/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002700/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002700/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002700/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002700/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002700/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002700/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002700/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002700/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002700/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002700.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1811</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2757</span> An Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction Approach for Hyperspectral Imagery Semantic Interpretation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Akrem%20Sellami">Akrem Sellami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Imed%20Riadh%20Farah"> Imed Riadh Farah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Basel%20Solaiman"> Basel Solaiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the development of HyperSpectral Imagery (HSI) technology, the spectral resolution of HSI became denser, which resulted in large number of spectral bands, high correlation between neighboring, and high data redundancy. However, the semantic interpretation is a challenging task for HSI analysis due to the high dimensionality and the high correlation of the different spectral bands. In fact, this work presents a dimensionality reduction approach that allows to overcome the different issues improving the semantic interpretation of HSI. Therefore, in order to preserve the spatial information, the Tensor Locality Preserving Projection (TLPP) has been applied to transform the original HSI. In the second step, knowledge has been extracted based on the adjacency graph to describe the different pixels. Based on the transformation matrix using TLPP, a weighted matrix has been constructed to rank the different spectral bands based on their contribution score. Thus, the relevant bands have been adaptively selected based on the weighted matrix. The performance of the presented approach has been validated by implementing several experiments, and the obtained results demonstrate the efficiency of this approach compared to various existing dimensionality reduction techniques. Also, according to the experimental results, we can conclude that this approach can adaptively select the relevant spectral improving the semantic interpretation of HSI. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Band%20selection" title="Band selection">Band selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dimensionality%20reduction" title=" dimensionality reduction"> dimensionality reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=feature%0D%0Aextraction" title=" feature extraction"> feature extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hyperspectral%20imagery" title=" hyperspectral imagery"> hyperspectral imagery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=semantic%20interpretation." title=" semantic interpretation."> semantic interpretation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006420/an-adaptive-dimensionality-reduction-approach-for-hyperspectral-imagery-semantic-interpretation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006420/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006420/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006420/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006420/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006420/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006420/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006420/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006420/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006420/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006420/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2756</span> Unsteady Transonic Aerodynamic Analysis for Oscillatory Airfoils using Time Spectral Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamad%20Reza.%20Mohaghegh">Mohamad Reza. Mohaghegh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Majid.%20Malek%20Jafarian"> Majid. Malek Jafarian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research proposes an algorithm for the simulation of time-periodic unsteady problems via the solution unsteady Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. This algorithm which is called Time Spectral method uses a Fourier representation in time and hence solve for the periodic state directly without resolving transients (which consume most of the resources in a time-accurate scheme). Mathematical tools used here are discrete Fourier transformations. It has shown tremendous potential for reducing the computational cost compared to conventional time-accurate methods, by enforcing periodicity and using Fourier representation in time, leading to spectral accuracy. The accuracy and efficiency of this technique is verified by Euler and Navier-Stokes calculations for pitching airfoils. Because of flow turbulence nature, Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model has been used at viscous flow analysis. The results presented by the Time Spectral method are compared with experimental data. It has shown tremendous potential for reducing the computational cost compared to the conventional time-accurate methods, by enforcing periodicity and using Fourier representation in time, leading to spectral accuracy, because results verify the small number of time intervals per pitching cycle required to capture the flow physics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Time%20Spectral%20Method" title="Time Spectral Method">Time Spectral Method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Time-periodic%20unsteadyflow" title=" Time-periodic unsteadyflow"> Time-periodic unsteadyflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Discrete%20Fourier%20transform" title=" Discrete Fourier transform"> Discrete Fourier transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pitching%20airfoil" title=" Pitching airfoil"> Pitching airfoil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Turbulence%20flow" title=" Turbulence flow"> Turbulence flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5669/unsteady-transonic-aerodynamic-analysis-for-oscillatory-airfoils-using-time-spectral-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5669/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5669/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5669/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5669/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5669/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5669/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5669/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5669/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5669/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5669/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1770</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2755</span> A Novel Spectral Index for Automatic Shadow Detection in Urban Mapping Based On WorldView-2 Satellite Imagery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kaveh%20Shahi">Kaveh Shahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Helmi%20Z.%20M.%20Shafri"> Helmi Z. M. Shafri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ebrahim%20Taherzadeh"> Ebrahim Taherzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In remote sensing, shadow causes problems in many applications such as change detection and classification. It is caused by objects which are elevated, thus can directly affect the accuracy of information. For these reasons, it is very important to detect shadows particularly in urban high spatial resolution imagery which created a significant problem. This paper focuses on automatic shadow detection based on a new spectral index for multispectral imagery known as Shadow Detection Index (SDI). The new spectral index was tested on different areas of WorldView-2 images and the results demonstrated that the new spectral index has a massive potential to extract shadows with accuracy of 94% effectively and automatically. Furthermore, the new shadow detection index improved road extraction from 82% to 93%.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectral%20index" title="Spectral index">Spectral index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shadow%20detection" title=" shadow detection"> shadow detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=remote%20sensing%0D%0Aimages" title=" remote sensing images"> remote sensing images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WorldView-2." title=" WorldView-2."> WorldView-2.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999443/a-novel-spectral-index-for-automatic-shadow-detection-in-urban-mapping-based-on-worldview-2-satellite-imagery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999443/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999443/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999443/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999443/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999443/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999443/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999443/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999443/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999443/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999443/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2754</span> Surface Topography Measurement by Confocal Spectral Interferometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Manallah">A. Manallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Meier"> C. Meier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Confocal spectral interferometry (CSI) is an innovative optical method for determining microtopography of surfaces and thickness of transparent layers, based on the combination of two optical principles: confocal imaging, and spectral interferometry. Confocal optical system images at each instant a single point of the sample. The whole surface is reconstructed by plan scanning. The interference signal generated by mixing two white-light beams is analyzed using a spectrometer. In this work, five ‘rugotests’ of known standard roughnesses are investigated. The topography is then measured and illustrated, and the equivalent roughness is determined and compared with the standard values.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Confocal%20spectral%20interferometry" title="Confocal spectral interferometry">Confocal spectral interferometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nondestructive%20testing" title=" Nondestructive testing"> Nondestructive testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optical%20metrology" title=" Optical metrology"> Optical metrology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Surface%20topography" title=" Surface topography"> Surface topography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Roughness." title=" Roughness."> Roughness.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007419/surface-topography-measurement-by-confocal-spectral-interferometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007419/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007419/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007419/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007419/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007419/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007419/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007419/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007419/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007419/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007419/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007419.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">974</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2753</span> A New Spectral-based Approach to Query-by-Humming for MP3 Songs Database </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Leon%20Fu">Leon Fu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xiangyang%20Xue"> Xiangyang Xue </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a new approach to query-by-humming, focusing on MP3 songs database. Since MP3 songs are much more difficult in melody representation than symbolic performance data, we adopt to extract feature descriptors from the vocal sounds part of the songs. Our approach is based on signal filtering, sub-band spectral processing, MDCT coefficients analysis and peak energy detection by ignorance of the background music as much as possible. Finally, we apply dual dynamic programming algorithm for feature similarity matching. Experiments will show us its online performance in precision and efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DP" title="DP">DP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MDCT" title=" MDCT"> MDCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MP3" title=" MP3"> MP3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=QBH." title=" QBH."> QBH.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/99/a-new-spectral-based-approach-to-query-by-humming-for-mp3-songs-database" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/99/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/99/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/99/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/99/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/99/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/99/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/99/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/99/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/99/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/99/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/99.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1780</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2752</span> Power Allocation in User-Centric Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems with Limited Fronthaul Capacity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siminfar%20Samakoush%20Galougah">Siminfar Samakoush Galougah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we study two power allocation problems for an uplink user-centric (UC) cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) system. Besides, we assume each access point (AP) is connected to a central processing unit (CPU) via fronthaul link with limited capacity. To efficiently use the fronthaul capacity, two strategies for transmitting signals from APs to the CPU are employed; namely: compress-forward-estimate (CFE), estimate-compress-forward (ECF). The capacity of the aforementioned strategies in user-centric CF-mMIMO are drived. Then, we solved the two power allocation problems with minimum Spectral Efficiency (SE) and sum-SE maximization objectives for ECF and CFE strategies. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cell-free%20massive%20MIMO" title="Cell-free massive MIMO">Cell-free massive MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=limited%20capacity%20fronthaul" title=" limited capacity fronthaul"> limited capacity fronthaul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectral%20efficiency" title=" spectral efficiency"> spectral efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=power%20allocation%20problem." title=" power allocation problem."> power allocation problem.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013732/power-allocation-in-user-centric-cell-free-massive-mimo-systems-with-limited-fronthaul-capacity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013732/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013732/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013732/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013732/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013732/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013732/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013732/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013732/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013732/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013732/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2751</span> Some New Upper Bounds for the Spectral Radius of Iterative Matrices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Guangbin%20Wang">Guangbin Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xue%20Li"> Xue Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuping%20Tan"> Fuping Tan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present some new upper bounds for the spectral radius of iterative matrices based on the concept of doubly α diagonally dominant matrix. And subsequently, we give two examples to show that our results are better than the earlier ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=doubly%20%CE%B1%20diagonally%20dominant%20matrix" title="doubly α diagonally dominant matrix">doubly α diagonally dominant matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=eigenvalue" title=" eigenvalue"> eigenvalue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=iterative%20matrix" title="iterative matrix">iterative matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectral%20radius" title=" spectral radius"> spectral radius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=upper%20bound." title=" upper bound."> upper bound.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15739/some-new-upper-bounds-for-the-spectral-radius-of-iterative-matrices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15739/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15739/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15739/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15739/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15739/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15739/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15739/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15739/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15739/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15739/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2750</span> OFDM and Fingerprint Authentication for Efficient Airport Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.Amrithavarshini">K.Amrithavarshini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.Chandrachudeswaran"> S.Chandrachudeswaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an idea to improve the efficiency of security checks in airports through the active tracking and monitoring of passengers and staff using OFDM modulation technique and Finger print authentication. The details of the passenger are multiplexed using OFDM .To authenticate the passenger, the fingerprint along with important identification information is collected. The details of the passenger can be transmitted after necessary modulation, and received using various transceivers placed within the premises of the airport, and checked at the appropriate check points, thereby increasing the efficiency of checking. OFDM has been employed for spectral efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Orthogonal%20Frequency%20Division%20Multiplexing" title="Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing">Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FFT%0AAlgorithm" title=" FFT Algorithm"> FFT Algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fingerprint%20Authentication" title=" Fingerprint Authentication"> Fingerprint Authentication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Airport%20Security" title=" Airport Security"> Airport Security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2906/ofdm-and-fingerprint-authentication-for-efficient-airport-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2906/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2906/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2906/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2906/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2906/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2906/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2906/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2906/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2906/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2906/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1885</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2749</span> Spectral Entropy Employment in Speech Enhancement based on Wavelet Packet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Talbi%20Mourad">Talbi Mourad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salhi%20Lotfi"> Salhi Lotfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ch%C3%A9rif%20Adnen"> Chérif Adnen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this work, we are interested in developing a speech denoising tool by using a discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT). This speech denoising tool will be employed for applications of recognition, coding and synthesis. For noise reduction, instead of applying the classical thresholding technique, some wavelet packet nodes are set to zero and the others are thresholded. To estimate the non stationary noise level, we employ the spectral entropy. A comparison of our proposed technique to classical denoising methods based on thresholding and spectral subtraction is made in order to evaluate our approach. The experimental implementation uses speech signals corrupted by two sorts of noise, white and Volvo noises. The obtained results from listening tests show that our proposed technique is better than spectral subtraction. The obtained results from SNR computation show the superiority of our technique when compared to the classical thresholding method using the modified hard thresholding function based on u-law algorithm.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Enhancement" title="Enhancement">Enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectral%20subtraction" title=" spectral subtraction"> spectral subtraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SNR" title=" SNR"> SNR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=discrete%0D%0Awavelet%20packet%20transform" title=" discrete wavelet packet transform"> discrete wavelet packet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectral%20entropy%20Histogram" title=" spectral entropy Histogram"> spectral entropy Histogram</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/spectral-entropy-employment-in-speech-enhancement-based-on-wavelet-packet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1992</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2748</span> Outdoor Anomaly Detection with a Spectroscopic Line Detector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=O.%20J.%20G.%20Somsen">O. J. G. Somsen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the tasks of optical surveillance is to detect anomalies in large amounts of image data. However, if the size of the anomaly is very small, limited information is available to distinguish it from the surrounding environment. Spectral detection provides a useful source of additional information and may help to detect anomalies with a size of a few pixels or less. Unfortunately, spectral cameras are expensive because of the difficulty of separating two spatial in addition to one spectral dimension. We investigate the possibility of modifying a simple spectral line detector for outdoor detection. This may be especially useful if the area of interest forms a line, such as the horizon. We use a monochrome CCD that also enables detection into the near infrared. A simple camera is attached to the setup to determine which part of the environment is spectrally imaged. Our preliminary results indicate that sensitive detection of very small targets is indeed possible. Spectra could be taken from the various targets by averaging columns in the line image. By imaging a set of lines of various widths we found narrow lines that could not be seen in the color image but remained visible in the spectral line image. A simultaneous analysis of the entire spectra can produce better results than visual inspection of the line spectral image. We are presently developing calibration targets for spatial and spectral focusing and alignment with the spatial camera. This will present improved results and more use in outdoor application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anomaly%20detection" title="Anomaly detection">Anomaly detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectroscopic%20line%20imaging" title=" spectroscopic line imaging"> spectroscopic line imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=image%20analysis." title=" image analysis."> image analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002689/outdoor-anomaly-detection-with-a-spectroscopic-line-detector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002689/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002689/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002689/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002689/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002689/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002689/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002689/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002689/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002689/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002689/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1646</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2747</span> Spectral Assessing of Topographic Effects on Seismic Behavior of Trapezoidal Hill</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Amelsakhi">M. Amelsakhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Sohrabi-Bidar"> A. Sohrabi-Bidar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Shareghi"> A. Shareghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt">One of the most important issues about the structural damages caused by earthquake is the evaluating of the spectral response of the site on which the construction is built. This fact has demonstrated during many earlier earthquakes and many researchers’ reports have concerned with it. According to these reports, features of the site materials and geometry of the ground surface are considered the main factors. This study concentrates on the specific form of topographies like hills. Assessing of spectral responses of different points on the hills and beside demonstrates considerable differences between 1D and 2D methods of geotechnical analyses. A general trend of amplifications on the top of the hills and de-amplifications near the toe of the hills has been appeared within the acceleration, velocity and displacement response spectrums of horizontal motion. Evaluating of spectral responses of different sizes of the hills revealed that as much as the hill-size enlarges differences between spectral responses of 1D and 2D analyses transfers to longer range of periods and becomes wider.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Topography%20effect" title="Topography effect">Topography effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amplification%20ratio" title=" Amplification ratio"> Amplification ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Response%20spectrum." title=" Response spectrum."> Response spectrum.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997931/spectral-assessing-of-topographic-effects-on-seismic-behavior-of-trapezoidal-hill" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997931/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997931/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997931/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997931/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997931/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997931/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997931/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997931/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997931/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997931/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1890</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2746</span> A Hybrid Image Fusion Model for Generating High Spatial-Temporal-Spectral Resolution Data Using OLI-MODIS-Hyperion Satellite Imagery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yongquan%20Zhao">Yongquan Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bo%20Huang"> Bo Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spatial, Temporal, and Spectral Resolution (STSR) are three key characteristics of Earth observation satellite sensors; however, any single satellite sensor cannot provide Earth observations with high STSR simultaneously because of the hardware technology limitations of satellite sensors. On the other hand, a conflicting circumstance is that the demand for high STSR has been growing with the remote sensing application development. Although image fusion technology provides a feasible means to overcome the limitations of the current Earth observation data, the current fusion technologies cannot enhance all STSR simultaneously and provide high enough resolution improvement level. This study proposes a Hybrid Spatial-Temporal-Spectral image Fusion Model (HSTSFM) to generate synthetic satellite data with high STSR simultaneously, which blends the high spatial resolution from the panchromatic image of Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), the high temporal resolution from the multi-spectral image of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the high spectral resolution from the hyper-spectral image of Hyperion to produce high STSR images. The proposed HSTSFM contains three fusion modules: (1) spatial-spectral image fusion; (2) spatial-temporal image fusion; (3) temporal-spectral image fusion. A set of test data with both phenological and land cover type changes in Beijing suburb area, China is adopted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results indicate that HSTSFM can produce fused image that has good spatial and spectral fidelity to the reference image, which means it has the potential to generate synthetic data to support the studies that require high STSR satellite imagery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hybrid%20spatial-temporal-spectral%20fusion" title="Hybrid spatial-temporal-spectral fusion">Hybrid spatial-temporal-spectral fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=high%20resolution%20synthetic%20imagery" title=" high resolution synthetic imagery"> high resolution synthetic imagery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=least%20square%20regression" title=" least square regression"> least square regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sparse%20representation" title=" sparse representation"> sparse representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectral%20transformation." title=" spectral transformation."> spectral transformation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008092/a-hybrid-image-fusion-model-for-generating-high-spatial-temporal-spectral-resolution-data-using-oli-modis-hyperion-satellite-imagery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008092/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008092/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008092/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008092/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008092/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008092/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008092/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008092/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008092/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008092/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2745</span> Normalized Cumulative Spectral Distribution in Music</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Young-Hwan%20Song">Young-Hwan Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hyung-Jun%20Kwon"> Hyung-Jun Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Myung-Jin%20Bae"> Myung-Jin Bae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the remedy used music becomes active and meditation effect through the music is verified, people take a growing interest about psychological balance or remedy given by music. From traditional studies, it is verified that the music of which spectral envelop varies approximately as 1/f (f is frequency) down to a frequency of low frequency bandwidth gives psychological balance. In this paper, we researched signal properties of music which gives psychological balance. In order to find this, we derived the property from voice. Music composed by voice shows large value in NCSD. We confirmed the degree of deference between music by curvature of normalized cumulative spectral distribution. In the music that gives psychological balance, the curvature shows high value, otherwise, the curvature shows low value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cognitive%20Psychology" title="Cognitive Psychology">Cognitive Psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Normalized%20Cumulative%0ASpectral%20Distribution" title=" Normalized Cumulative Spectral Distribution"> Normalized Cumulative Spectral Distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Curvature." title=" Curvature."> Curvature.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8132/normalized-cumulative-spectral-distribution-in-music" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8132/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8132/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8132/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8132/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8132/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8132/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8132/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8132/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8132/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8132/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2744</span> Multi-Temporal Urban Land Cover Mapping Using Spectral Indices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mst%20Ilme%20Faridatul">Mst Ilme Faridatul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bo%20Wu"> Bo Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Multi-temporal urban land cover mapping is of paramount importance for monitoring urban sprawl and managing the ecological environment. For diversified urban activities, it is challenging to map land covers in a complex urban environment. Spectral indices have proved to be effective for mapping urban land covers. To improve multi-temporal urban land cover classification and mapping, we evaluate the performance of three spectral indices, e.g. modified normalized difference bare-land index (MNDBI), tasseled cap water and vegetation index (TCWVI) and shadow index (ShDI). The MNDBI is developed to evaluate its performance of enhancing urban impervious areas by separating bare lands. A tasseled cap index, TCWVI is developed to evaluate its competence to detect vegetation and water simultaneously. The ShDI is developed to maximize the spectral difference between shadows of skyscrapers and water and enhance water detection. First, this paper presents a comparative analysis of three spectral indices using Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM), Thematic Mapper (TM) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) data. Second, optimized thresholds of the spectral indices are imputed to classify land covers, and finally, their performance of enhancing multi-temporal urban land cover mapping is assessed. The results indicate that the spectral indices are competent to enhance multi-temporal urban land cover mapping and achieves an overall classification accuracy of 93-96%.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Land%20cover" title="Land cover">Land cover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mapping" title=" mapping"> mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multi-temporal" title=" multi-temporal"> multi-temporal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectral%20indices." title=" spectral indices."> spectral indices.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010091/multi-temporal-urban-land-cover-mapping-using-spectral-indices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010091/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010091/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010091/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010091/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010091/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010091/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010091/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010091/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010091/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010091/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2743</span> Discrete Estimation of Spectral Density for Alpha Stable Signals Observed with an Additive Error</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Sabre">R. Sabre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20Horrigue"> W. Horrigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20C.%20Simon"> J. C. Simon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper is interested in two difficulties encountered in practice when observing a continuous time process. The first is that we cannot observe a process over a time interval; we only take discrete observations. The second is the process frequently observed with a constant additive error. It is important to give an estimator of the spectral density of such a process taking into account the additive observation error and the choice of the discrete observation times. In this work, we propose an estimator based on the spectral smoothing of the periodogram by the polynomial Jackson kernel reducing the additive error. In order to solve the aliasing phenomenon, this estimator is constructed from observations taken at well-chosen times so as to reduce the estimator to the field where the spectral density is not zero. We show that the proposed estimator is asymptotically unbiased and consistent. Thus we obtain an estimate solving the two difficulties concerning the choice of the instants of observations of a continuous time process and the observations affected by a constant error.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectral%20density" title="Spectral density">Spectral density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stable%20processes" title=" stable processes"> stable processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=aliasing" title=" aliasing"> aliasing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=periodogram." title=" periodogram. "> periodogram. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010971/discrete-estimation-of-spectral-density-for-alpha-stable-signals-observed-with-an-additive-error" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010971/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010971/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010971/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010971/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010971/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010971/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010971/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010971/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010971/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010971/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">664</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2742</span> Spectral Broadening in an InGaAsP Optical Waveguide with χ(3) Nonlinearity Including Two Photon Absorption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Keigo%20Matsuura">Keigo Matsuura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Isao%20Tomita"> Isao Tomita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>We have studied a method to widen the spectrum of optical pulses that pass through an InGaAsP waveguide for application to broadband optical communication. In particular, we have investigated the competitive effect between spectral broadening arising from nonlinear refraction (optical Kerr effect) and shrinking due to two photon absorption in the InGaAsP waveguide with χ(3) nonlinearity. The shrunk spectrum recovers broadening by the enhancement effect of the nonlinear refractive index near the bandgap of InGaAsP with a bandgap wavelength of 1490 nm. The broadened spectral width at around 1525 nm (196.7 THz) becomes 10.7 times wider than that at around 1560 nm (192.3 THz) without the enhancement effect, where amplified optical pulses with a pulse width of &sim; 2 ps and a peak power of 10 W propagate through a 1-cm-long InGaAsP waveguide with a cross-section of 4 (μm)2.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=InGaAsP%20Waveguide" title="InGaAsP Waveguide">InGaAsP Waveguide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=%CF%87%283%29%20Nonlinearity" title=" χ(3) Nonlinearity"> χ(3) Nonlinearity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectral%20Broadening." title=" Spectral Broadening."> Spectral Broadening.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999445/spectral-broadening-in-an-ingaasp-optical-waveguide-with-kh3-nonlinearity-including-two-photon-absorption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999445/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999445/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999445/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999445/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999445/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999445/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999445/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999445/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999445/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999445/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2741</span> Using Spectral Vectors and M-Tree for Graph Clustering and Searching in Graph Databases of Protein Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Do%20Phuc">Do Phuc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nguyen%20Thi%20Kim%20Phung"> Nguyen Thi Kim Phung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we represent protein structure by using graph. A protein structure database will become a graph database. Each graph is represented by a spectral vector. We use Jacobi rotation algorithm to calculate the eigenvalues of the normalized Laplacian representation of adjacency matrix of graph. To measure the similarity between two graphs, we calculate the Euclidean distance between two graph spectral vectors. To cluster the graphs, we use M-tree with the Euclidean distance to cluster spectral vectors. Besides, M-tree can be used for graph searching in graph database. Our proposal method was tested with graph database of 100 graphs representing 100 protein structures downloaded from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and we compare the result with the SCOP hierarchical structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eigenvalues" title="Eigenvalues">Eigenvalues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=m-tree" title=" m-tree"> m-tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=graph%20database" title=" graph database"> graph database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=protein%0Astructure" title=" protein structure"> protein structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectra%20graph%20theory." title=" spectra graph theory."> spectra graph theory.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8009/using-spectral-vectors-and-m-tree-for-graph-clustering-and-searching-in-graph-databases-of-protein-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8009/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8009/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8009/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8009/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8009/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8009/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8009/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8009/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8009/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8009/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1656</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2740</span> Computation of Probability Coefficients using Binary Decision Diagram and their Application in Test Vector Generation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ashutosh%20Kumar%20Singh">Ashutosh Kumar Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anand%20Mohan"> Anand Mohan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with efficient computation of probability coefficients which offers computational simplicity as compared to spectral coefficients. It eliminates the need of inner product evaluations in determination of signature of a combinational circuit realizing given Boolean function. The method for computation of probability coefficients using transform matrix, fast transform method and using BDD is given. Theoretical relations for achievable computational advantage in terms of required additions in computing all 2n probability coefficients of n variable function have been developed. It is shown that for n ≥ 5, only 50% additions are needed to compute all probability coefficients as compared to spectral coefficients. The fault detection techniques based on spectral signature can be used with probability signature also to offer computational advantage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Binary%20Decision%20Diagrams" title="Binary Decision Diagrams">Binary Decision Diagrams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectral%20Coefficients" title=" Spectral Coefficients"> Spectral Coefficients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fault%20detection" title=" Fault detection"> Fault detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/computation-of-probability-coefficients-using-binary-decision-diagram-and-their-application-in-test-vector-generation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2739</span> Visualization and Indexing of Spectral Databases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tibor%20Kulcsar">Tibor Kulcsar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gabor%20Sarossy"> Gabor Sarossy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gabor%20Bereznai"> Gabor Bereznai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Robert%20Auer"> Robert Auer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Janos%20Abonyi"> Janos Abonyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>On-line (near infrared) spectroscopy is widely used to support the operation of complex process systems. Information extracted from spectral database can be used to estimate unmeasured product properties and monitor the operation of the process. These techniques are based on looking for similar spectra by nearest neighborhood algorithms and distance based searching methods. Search for nearest neighbors in the spectral space is an NP-hard problem, the computational complexity increases by the number of points in the discrete spectrum and the number of samples in the database. To reduce the calculation time some kind of indexing could be used. The main idea presented in this paper is to combine indexing and visualization techniques to reduce the computational requirement of estimation algorithms by providing a two dimensional indexing that can also be used to visualize the structure of the spectral database. This 2D visualization of spectral database does not only support application of distance and similarity based techniques but enables the utilization of advanced clustering and prediction algorithms based on the Delaunay tessellation of the mapped spectral space. This means the prediction has not to use the high dimension space but can be based on the mapped space too. The results illustrate that the proposed method is able to segment (cluster) spectral databases and detect outliers that are not suitable for instance based learning algorithms.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=indexing%20high%20dimensional%20databases" title="indexing high dimensional databases">indexing high dimensional databases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dimensional%20reduction" title=" dimensional reduction"> dimensional reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=similarity" title=" similarity"> similarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=k-nn%20algorithm." title=" k-nn algorithm."> k-nn algorithm.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6292/visualization-and-indexing-of-spectral-databases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6292/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6292/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6292/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6292/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6292/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6292/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6292/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6292/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6292/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6292/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1769</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2738</span> Bandwidth Efficient Diversity Scheme Using STTC Concatenated With STBC: MIMO Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sameru%20Sharma">Sameru Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sanjay%20Sharma"> Sanjay Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Derick%20Engles"> Derick Engles</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are widely in use to improve quality, reliability of wireless transmission and increase the spectral efficiency. However in MIMO systems, multiple copies of data are received after experiencing various channel effects. The limitations on account of complexity due to number of antennas in case of conventional decoding techniques have been looked into. Accordingly we propose a modified sphere decoder (MSD-1) algorithm with lower complexity and give rise to system with high spectral efficiency. With the aim to increase signal diversity we apply rotated quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation in multi dimensional space. Finally, we propose a new architecture involving space time trellis code (STTC) concatenated with space time block code (STBC) using MSD-1 at the receiver for improving system performance. The system gains have been verified with channel state information (CSI) errors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Channel%20State%20Information" title="Channel State Information ">Channel State Information </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Diversity" title=" Diversity"> Diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-Antenna" title=" Multi-Antenna"> Multi-Antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rotated%20Constellation" title=" Rotated Constellation"> Rotated Constellation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Space%20Time%20Codes." title=" Space Time Codes."> Space Time Codes.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15235/bandwidth-efficient-diversity-scheme-using-sttc-concatenated-with-stbc-mimo-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15235/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15235/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15235/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15235/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15235/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15235/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15235/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15235/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15235/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15235/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1666</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2737</span> Thin Bed Reservoir Delineation Using Spectral Decomposition and Instantaneous Seismic Attributes, Pohokura Field, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Sophon">P. Sophon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Kruachanta"> M. Kruachanta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Chaisri"> S. Chaisri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Leaungvongpaisan"> G. Leaungvongpaisan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Wongpornchai"> P. Wongpornchai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The thick bed hydrocarbon reservoirs are primarily interested because of the more prolific production. When the amount of petroleum in the thick bed starts decreasing, the thin bed reservoirs are the alternative targets to maintain the reserves. The conventional interpretation of seismic data cannot delineate the thin bed having thickness less than the vertical seismic resolution. Therefore, spectral decomposition and instantaneous seismic attributes were used to delineate the thin bed in this study. Short Window Discrete Fourier Transform (SWDFT) spectral decomposition and instantaneous frequency attributes were used to reveal the thin bed reservoir, while Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) spectral decomposition and envelope (instantaneous amplitude) attributes were used to indicate hydrocarbon bearing zone. The study area is located in the Pohokura Field, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. The thin bed target is the uppermost part of Mangahewa Formation, the most productive in the gas-condensate production in the Pohokura Field. According to the time-frequency analysis, SWDFT spectral decomposition can reveal the thin bed using a 72 Hz SWDFT isofrequency section and map, and that is confirmed by the instantaneous frequency attribute. The envelope attribute showing the high anomaly indicates the hydrocarbon accumulation area at the thin bed target. Moreover, the CWT spectral decomposition shows the low-frequency shadow zone and abnormal seismic attenuation in the higher isofrequencies below the thin bed confirms that the thin bed can be a prospective hydrocarbon zone.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrocarbon%20indication" title="Hydrocarbon indication">Hydrocarbon indication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=instantaneous%20seismic%20attribute" title=" instantaneous seismic attribute"> instantaneous seismic attribute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectral%20decomposition" title=" spectral decomposition"> spectral decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thin%20bed%20delineation." title=" thin bed delineation."> thin bed delineation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012163/thin-bed-reservoir-delineation-using-spectral-decomposition-and-instantaneous-seismic-attributes-pohokura-field-taranaki-basin-new-zealand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012163/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012163/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012163/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012163/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012163/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012163/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary 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