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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synonyms_and_relationship_to_other_grapes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Synonyms and relationship to other grapes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synonyms_and_relationship_to_other_grapes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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title="Roussanne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Roussanne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%9F" title="רוסאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוסאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roussanne" title="Roussanne – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Roussanne" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roussanne" title="Roussanne – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Variety of grape</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biota"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above variety" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: LightGoldenRodYellow; color: Black;">Roussanne</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold"><span class="vernacular"><a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">Grape</a></span> (<i><span class="genus">Vitis</span></i>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Roussanne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Roussanne.jpg/220px-Roussanne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Roussanne.jpg/330px-Roussanne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Roussanne.jpg/440px-Roussanne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="1173" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Roussanne in Viala & Vermorel</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Color of berry skin</th><td class="infobox-data">Blanc</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Species</th><td class="infobox-data binominal"><i><a href="/wiki/Vitis_vinifera" title="Vitis vinifera">Vitis vinifera</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Also called</th><td class="infobox-data">Roussanne Blanc, Bergeron and <a href="#Synonyms">other synonyms</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data">France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_regions" title="List of wine-producing regions">Notable regions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Rhône</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable wines</th><td class="infobox-data">Château Beaucastel Châteauneuf-du-Pape Blanc Vieilles Vignes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vitis_International_Variety_Catalogue" title="Vitis International Variety Catalogue">VIVC</a> number</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vivc.de/?r=passport%2Fview&id=10258">10258</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Roussanne</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʁusan]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/cc\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-roussanne.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-roussanne.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-roussanne.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-roussanne.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-roussanne.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-roussanne.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-roussanne.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">white wine</a> <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grape</a> grown originally in the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_wine" title="Rhône wine">Rhône wine</a> region in <a href="/wiki/French_wine" title="French wine">France</a>, where it is often blended with <a href="/wiki/Marsanne" title="Marsanne">Marsanne</a>. It is the only other white variety, besides Marsanne, allowed in the northern Rhône <a href="/wiki/Appellation_d%27Origine_Contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée">appellations</a> of <a href="/wiki/Crozes-Hermitage_AOC" title="Crozes-Hermitage AOC">Crozes-Hermitage AOC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_AOC" title="Hermitage AOC">Hermitage AOC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint-Joseph_AOC" title="Saint-Joseph AOC">Saint-Joseph AOC</a>. In the southern Rhône appellation of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-du-Pape_AOC" title="Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC">Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC</a> it is one of six white grapes allowed, where it may be blended into <a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">red wines</a>. Roussanne is also planted in various <a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_regions" title="List of wine-producing regions">wine-growing regions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_World_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World (wine)">New World</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/California_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="California (wine)">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington (wine)">Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_wine" title="Texas wine">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_African_wine" title="South African wine">South Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia (wine)">Australia</a> as well as European regions such as <a href="/wiki/Crete_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete (wine)">Crete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuscany_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuscany (wine)">Tuscany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spain (wine)">Spain</a>. </p><p>The berries are distinguished by their <a href="/wiki/Russet_(color)" title="Russet (color)">russet</a> color when <a href="/wiki/Ripe_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripe (wine)">ripe</a>—<i>roux</i> is <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> for the reddish-brown color <i>russet</i>, and is probably the root for the variety's name. The aroma of Roussanne is often reminiscent of a flowery <a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">herbal tea</a>. In warm climates, it produces wines of richness, with flavors of honey and pear, and full <a href="/wiki/Body_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Body (wine)">body</a>. In cooler climates it is more floral and more delicate, with higher <a href="/wiki/Acidity_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acidity (wine)">acidity</a>. In many regions, it is a difficult variety to grow, with vulnerability to <a href="/wiki/Mildew" title="Mildew">mildew</a>, poor resistance to <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wind" title="Wind">wind</a>, late and/or uneven ripening, and irregular yields. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viticulture_and_winemaking">Viticulture and winemaking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roussanne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Viticulture and winemaking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roussanne_-_Geshem_winery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Roussanne_-_Geshem_winery.jpg/220px-Roussanne_-_Geshem_winery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Roussanne_-_Geshem_winery.jpg/330px-Roussanne_-_Geshem_winery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Roussanne_-_Geshem_winery.jpg/440px-Roussanne_-_Geshem_winery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2988" data-file-height="5312" /></a><figcaption>Roussanne grapes</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roussane_-_Feuilles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Roussane_-_Feuilles.jpg/220px-Roussane_-_Feuilles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Roussane_-_Feuilles.jpg/330px-Roussane_-_Feuilles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Roussane_-_Feuilles.jpg/440px-Roussane_-_Feuilles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Leaves of Roussanne vines</figcaption></figure> <p>The Roussanne vine ripens late and is characterized by its irregular <a href="/wiki/Yield_(wine)" title="Yield (wine)">yields</a> that can decrease further due to poor wind resistance. The vine is also susceptible to <a href="/wiki/Powdery_mildew" title="Powdery mildew">powdery mildew</a> and rot which makes it a difficult vine to cultivate. In recent years, the development of better <a href="/wiki/Clone_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clone (plant)">clones</a> has alleviated some of these difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_pg_595_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_pg_595-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The grape prefers a long growing season but should be <a href="/wiki/Harvest_(wine)" title="Harvest (wine)">harvested</a> before the potential <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> reaches 14% which would result in the finished wine being out of <a href="/wiki/Balance_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balance (wine)">balance</a>. If picked too soon, the grape can suffer from high acidity.<sup id="cite_ref-Clarke_pg_204_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clarke_pg_204-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During winemaking, Roussanne is prone to <a href="/wiki/Oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation">oxidation</a> without care being taken by the winemaker. The wine can benefit from a controlled use of <a href="/wiki/Oak_(wine)" title="Oak (wine)">oak</a>. In blends, Roussanne adds aromatics, elegance and acidity with the potential to age and further develop in the bottle.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_pg_595_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_pg_595-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wine_regions">Wine regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roussanne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wine regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chignin_Bergeron_2007_in_glass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Chignin_Bergeron_2007_in_glass.jpg/170px-Chignin_Bergeron_2007_in_glass.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Chignin_Bergeron_2007_in_glass.jpg/255px-Chignin_Bergeron_2007_in_glass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Chignin_Bergeron_2007_in_glass.jpg/340px-Chignin_Bergeron_2007_in_glass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1231" data-file-height="2300" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Savoy_wine" title="Savoy wine">Savoy wine</a> produced from 100% Roussanne. Unlike most French <a href="/wiki/AOC_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="AOC (wine)">AOC wines</a>, the variety is mentioned on the front label, although using the local synonym of Bergeron.</figcaption></figure> <p>It is likely that Roussanne originated in the northern Rhône where it is today an important component in the wines of Crozes-Hermitage, Hermitage, Saint-Joseph and the <a href="/wiki/Saint-P%C3%A9ray_AOC" title="Saint-Péray AOC">Saint-Péray AOC</a> where it is used for both still and <a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">sparkling wine</a> production. In recent years plantings of Roussanne have declined as Marsanne gains more of a foothold in the northern Rhône due to its high productivity and ease of cultivation. In the southern Rhône, Roussanne is a primary component in the white wines of Châteauneuf-du-Pape where it can comprise as much as 80–100% of the wine. It can also be found in some white wines from the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes_du_Rh%C3%B4ne_AOC" title="Côtes du Rhône AOC">Côtes du Rhône AOC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Robinson_pg_234-235_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robinson_pg_234-235-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside of the Rhône, the Roussanne is grown in <a href="/wiki/Provence_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Provence (wine)">Provence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Languedoc_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Languedoc wine">Languedoc-Roussillon région</a> where it is sometimes blended with <a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a>, Marsanne and <a href="/wiki/Vermentino" title="Vermentino">Vermentino</a> in some <i><a href="/wiki/Vin_de_pays" title="Vin de pays">vin de pays</a></i>. In <a href="/wiki/Savoie_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoie (wine)">Savoie</a>, the grape is known as <b>Bergeron</b> where it produces highly aromatic wines in <a href="/wiki/Chignin" title="Chignin">Chignin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_pg_595_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_pg_595-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside France it is grown in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Italian wine</a> regions of <a href="/wiki/Liguria_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liguria (wine)">Liguria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuscany_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuscany (wine)">Tuscany</a> where it is a permitted grape in <a href="/wiki/Montecarlo_bianco" class="mw-redirect" title="Montecarlo bianco">Montecarlo bianco</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Australia_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia (wine)">Australia</a>, it was believed to have been brought to the continent to be blended with <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_(grape)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiraz (grape)">Shiraz</a>. Documents dating as far back as 1882 have noted the presence of Roussanne plantings in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (wine)">Victoria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Robinson_pg_234-235_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robinson_pg_234-235-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today it is used both as a blending grape and as a <a href="/wiki/Varietal" title="Varietal">varietal</a> wine. In <a href="/wiki/California_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="California (wine)">California</a>, it is widely planted in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_AVA" title="Central Coast AVA">Central Coast AVA</a> and the northern region of <a href="/wiki/Yuba_County,_California" title="Yuba County, California">Yuba County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_pg_595_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_pg_595-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also recently been grown in the northern Golan Heights and produced as a wine in Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with other Rhône varieties, it is increasingly grown in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ciel_du_Cheval_Roussanne.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ciel_du_Cheval_Roussanne.JPG/220px-Ciel_du_Cheval_Roussanne.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ciel_du_Cheval_Roussanne.JPG/330px-Ciel_du_Cheval_Roussanne.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ciel_du_Cheval_Roussanne.JPG/440px-Ciel_du_Cheval_Roussanne.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Roussanne from the Ciel du Cheval vineyard in the Red Mountain AVA of Washington State.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington State (wine)">Washington State</a>, the first experimental plantings of Roussanne were planted by <a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Heron_Cellars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Heron Cellars (page does not exist)">White Heron Cellars</a> in 1990. In recent years, plantings have increased as more Washington winemakers experiment with Rhone varietals with grapes from <a href="/wiki/Ciel_du_Cheval" title="Ciel du Cheval">Ciel du Cheval</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alder_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alder Ridge (page does not exist)">Alder Ridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Nicole_Cellars" title="Alexandria Nicole Cellars">Destiny Ridge</a>. Washington Roussanne is often blended with Viognier and is characterized by its <a href="/wiki/Fruit_salad" title="Fruit salad">fruit salad</a> profile of notes that range from <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lime_(fruit)" title="Lime (fruit)">lime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">citrus</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cream" title="Cream">cream</a> and <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gregutt_pg_57-58_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregutt_pg_57-58-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Texas_High_Plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas High Plains">Texas High Plains</a> is proving to be well suited for growing high quality Roussanne. In <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey (wine)">New Jersey</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unionvillevineyards.com/">Unionville Vineyards</a> grows Roussanne, Marsanne, and other Rhone varieties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="California_Roussanne/Viognier_controversy"><span id="California_Roussanne.2FViognier_controversy"></span>California Roussanne/Viognier controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roussanne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: California Roussanne/Viognier controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1980s, California <a href="/wiki/Winemaker" title="Winemaker">winemaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Randall_Grahm" title="Randall Grahm">Randall Grahm</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bonny_Doon_Vineyard" title="Bonny Doon Vineyard">Bonny Doon Vineyard</a> <a href="/wiki/Smuggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Smuggle">smuggled</a> <a href="/wiki/Cutting_(plant)" title="Cutting (plant)">cuttings</a> of Roussanne that he reportedly got from a vineyard in Châteauneuf-du-Pape. Under California regulations, vines from outside the state are <a href="/wiki/Quarantine" title="Quarantine">quarantined</a> for a lengthy period which includes inspection for <a href="/wiki/Grape_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Grape disease">grape diseases</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ampelography" title="Ampelography">ampelographical</a> identification at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">University of California, Davis</a>. Grahm imported his cuttings in his suitcase and planted them at his vineyard in the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Mountains_(AVA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz Mountains (AVA)">Santa Cruz Mountains</a> where he began making a Rhone style blend with <a href="/wiki/Marsanne" title="Marsanne">Marsanne</a>. In 1994, Grahm sold some of his Roussanne cuttings to Sonoma Grapevine, one of the largest nurseries in the state, who began to propagate the vines and sell them to wineries and other nurseries which spread these Roussanne vines across the state. One of the wineries that bought these cuttings was the California <a href="/wiki/Cult_wine" title="Cult wine">cult winery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caymus_Vineyards" title="Caymus Vineyards">Caymus Vineyards</a>, who planted them in their <a href="/wiki/Monterey_(AVA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monterey (AVA)">Monterey</a> vineyards. In 1998, John Alban of <a href="/wiki/Alban_Vineyards" title="Alban Vineyards">Alban Vineyards</a> was visiting Caymus and noted that the Roussanne plantings looked more like <a href="/wiki/Viognier" title="Viognier">Viognier</a> than Roussanne.<sup id="cite_ref-purple_pages_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-purple_pages-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samples were sent for <a href="/wiki/DNA_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA analysis">DNA analysis</a> and the result proved that the plantings were indeed <a href="/wiki/Viognier" title="Viognier">Viognier</a> as were all the vines that came from Grahm's original "Roussanne" vineyard.<sup id="cite_ref-Spectator_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spectator-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wines">Wines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roussanne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Wines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Money_Spider_Roussanne_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Money_Spider_Roussanne_2006.jpg/170px-Money_Spider_Roussanne_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Money_Spider_Roussanne_2006.jpg/255px-Money_Spider_Roussanne_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Money_Spider_Roussanne_2006.jpg/340px-Money_Spider_Roussanne_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="2384" /></a><figcaption>A varietal Roussanne from d'Arenberg in Australia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Wines made from Roussanne are characterized by their intense aromatics which can include notes of <a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">herbal tea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_pg_595_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_pg_595-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its youth it shows more floral, herbal and fruit notes, such as <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">pear</a>, which become more nutty as the wine ages. Roussanne from the Savoie region is marked by <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">pepper</a> and herbal notes. Wine expert <a href="/wiki/Oz_Clarke" title="Oz Clarke">Oz Clarke</a> notes that Roussanne wine and Roussanne dominated blends can drink very well in the first 3 to 4 years of their youth before entering a "<a href="/wiki/Dumb_phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumb phase">dumb phase</a>" where the wine is <a href="/wiki/Closed_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed (wine)">closed</a> aromatically until the wine reaches 7 or 8 years when it develops more complexity and depth.<sup id="cite_ref-Clarke_pg_204_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clarke_pg_204-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synonyms_and_relationship_to_other_grapes">Synonyms and relationship to other grapes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roussanne&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Synonyms and relationship to other grapes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Synonyms include Barbin, Bergeron (in particular in the Savoie region), Courtoisie, Fromental, Fromental jaune, Fromenteal, Fromenteau, Greffon, Greffou, Martin Cot, Petite Rousette, Picotin blanc, Plant de Seyssel, Rabellot, Rabelot, Ramoulette, Rebellot, Rebolot, Remoulette, Roussane, Roussane blanc, Roussanne blanc, Roussette, Rusan Belyi, Rusan Blan.<sup id="cite_ref-Robinson_pg_234-235_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robinson_pg_234-235-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VIVC_Roussanne_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VIVC_Roussanne-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are similarly named grapes that are unrelated to Roussanne—most notably the pink-skinned <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roussanne_du_Var&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roussanne du Var (page does not exist)">Roussanne du Var</a> grown in <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roussette" class="mw-redirect" title="Roussette">Roussette</a> found in Savoie, which is also known as <a href="/wiki/Altesse" title="Altesse">Altesse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_pg_595_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_pg_595-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roussanne&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Oxford_pg_595-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_pg_595_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_pg_595_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_pg_595_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_pg_595_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_pg_595_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_pg_595_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Robinson (ed) <i>"The Oxford Companion to Wine"</i> Third Edition pg 595 Oxford University Press 2006 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-860990-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-860990-6">0-19-860990-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clarke_pg_204-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_pg_204_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_pg_204_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oz Clarke <i>Encyclopedia of Grapes</i> pg 204 Harcourt Books 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-100714-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-100714-4">0-15-100714-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robinson_pg_234-235-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson_pg_234-235_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson_pg_234-235_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson_pg_234-235_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Robinson <i>Vines, Grapes & Wines</i> pg 234–235 Mitchell Beazley 1986 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85732-999-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85732-999-6">1-85732-999-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabor Winery web site</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topwinesa.com/2015/12/roussanne-gaining-traction-as-cape-winemakers-dabble-with-novelties/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Novelty' variety Roussanne graining traction in the Cape |"</a>. 10 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Novelty%27+variety+Roussanne+graining+traction+in+the+Cape+%26%23124%3B&rft.date=2015-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topwinesa.com%2F2015%2F12%2Froussanne-gaining-traction-as-cape-winemakers-dabble-with-novelties%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoussanne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gregutt_pg_57-58-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gregutt_pg_57-58_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Gregutt <i>"Washington Wines and Wineries: The Essential Guide"</i> pg 57–58 University of California Press 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-24869-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-24869-4">0-520-24869-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-purple_pages-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-purple_pages_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jancis_Robinson" title="Jancis Robinson">Jancis Robinson</a>, <i>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jancisrobinson.com/articles/jr405">Roussanne? Viognier? What's in a name?</a>"</i> Jan 1st, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spectator-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spectator_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Alley <i>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winespectator.com/Wine/Daily/News/0,1145,1165,00.html">Vine Mix-Up Lands California Winemaker and Grower in Court</a>"</i> Wine Spectator, August 31st 2000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2018">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VIVC_Roussanne-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VIVC_Roussanne_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vivc.de/datasheet/dataResult.php?data=10258">Vitis International Variety Catalogue: Roussanne</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120323134422/http://www.vivc.de/datasheet/dataResult.php?data=10258">Archived</a> 2012-03-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed on June 12, 2008</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roussanne&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070320163026/http://www.tablascreek.com/roussanne.html">History, viticulture, winemaking and flavors of Roussanne</a> from the Tablas Creek Vineyard website</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wines" title="Template:Wines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wines" title="Template talk:Wines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annual_growth_cycle_of_grapevines" title="Annual growth cycle of grapevines">Annual growth cycle of grapevines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenology" title="Oenology">Oenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitis#Species" title="Vitis">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">Terroir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veraison" title="Veraison">Veraison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">Vineyard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ancient <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicians_and_wine" title="Phoenicians and wine">Phoenicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece_and_wine" title="Ancient Greece and wine">Ancient Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome_and_wine" title="Ancient Rome and wine">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_in_China" title="Wine in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_wine" title="Noah's wine">Noah's wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_wine" title="History of French wine">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_French_Wine_Blight" title="Great French Wine Blight">Great French Wine Blight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_wine#History" title="Georgian wine">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_wine" title="New World wine">New World</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judgment_of_Paris_(wine)" title="Judgment of Paris (wine)">Judgment of Paris</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">Sparkling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A9" title="Rosé">Rosé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_wine" title="Orange wine">Orange</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dessert_wine" title="Dessert wine">Dessert</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortified_wine" title="Fortified wine">Fortified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_wine" title="Ice wine">Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatised_wine" title="Aromatised wine">Aromatized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_wine" title="Fruit wine">Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">Noble rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_wine" title="Straw wine">Straw</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_wine" title="Table wine">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_wine" title="Natural wine">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_wine" title="Biodynamic wine">Biodynamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_wine" title="Organic wine">Organic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_wine" title="Kosher wine">Kosher</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top <a href="/wiki/List_of_grape_varieties" title="List of grape varieties">grape varieties</a><br />by acreage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air%C3%A9n" title="Airén">Airén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligot%C3%A9" title="Aligoté">Aligoté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catarratto" title="Catarratto">Catarratto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayetana_blanca" title="Cayetana blanca">Cayetana blanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenin_blanc" title="Chenin blanc">Chenin blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombard" title="Colombard">Colombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glera_(grape)" title="Glera (grape)">Glera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCner_Veltliner" title="Grüner Veltliner">Grüner Veltliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macabeo" title="Macabeo">Macabeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller-Thurgau" title="Müller-Thurgau">Müller-Thurgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_Blanc_%C3%A0_Petits_Grains" title="Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains">Muscat blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_of_Alexandria" title="Muscat of Alexandria">Muscat of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palomino_(grape)" title="Palomino (grape)">Palomino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riesling" title="Riesling">Riesling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rkatsiteli" title="Rkatsiteli">Rkatsiteli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauvignon_blanc" title="Sauvignon blanc">Sauvignon blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9millon" title="Sémillon">Sémillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebbiano" title="Trebbiano">Trebbiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welschriesling" title="Welschriesling">Welschriesling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alicante_Bouschet" title="Alicante Bouschet">Alicante Bouschet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbera" title="Barbera">Barbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobal" title="Bobal">Bobal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Franc" title="Cabernet Franc">Cabernet Franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carignan" title="Carignan">Carignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinsaut" title="Cinsaut">Cinsaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douce_noir" title="Douce noir">Douce noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamay" title="Gamay">Gamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenache" title="Grenache">Grenache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_(grape)" title="Isabella (grape)">Isabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malbec" title="Malbec">Malbec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_(grape)" title="Montepulciano (grape)">Montepulciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourv%C3%A8dre" title="Mourvèdre">Mourvèdre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinot_noir" title="Pinot noir">Pinot noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangiovese" title="Sangiovese">Sangiovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempranillo" title="Tempranillo">Tempranillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinfandel" title="Zinfandel">Zinfandel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_regions" title="List of wine-producing regions">Major regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_World_wine" title="Old World wine">Old World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_wine" title="New World wine">New World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Packaging, <a href="/wiki/Wine_accessory" title="Wine accessory">accessories</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Storage_of_wine" title="Storage of wine">storage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_wine_closure" title="Alternative wine closure">Alternative wine closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_wine" title="Box wine">Box wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corkscrew" title="Corkscrew">Corkscrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decanter" title="Decanter">Decanter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_wine" title="Jug wine">Jug wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri">Kvevri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muselet" title="Muselet">Muselet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_tongs" title="Port tongs">Port tongs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cave" title="Wine cave">Wine cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cork" title="Wine cork">Wine cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_dispenser" title="Wine dispenser">Wine dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_glass" title="Wine glass">Wine glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_label" title="Wine label">Wine label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_rack" title="Wine rack">Wine rack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wine_chemistry" title="Wine chemistry">Wine chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aroma_of_wine" title="Aroma of wine">Aroma of wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acids_in_wine" title="Acids in wine">Acids in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_wine" title="Phenolic content in wine">Phenolic content in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteins_in_wine" title="Proteins in wine">Proteins in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_wine" title="Classification of wine">Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenophilia" title="Oenophilia">Oenophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommelier" title="Sommelier">Sommelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_and_food_pairing" title="Wine and food pairing">Wine and food pairing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fault" title="Wine fault">Wine fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fraud" title="Wine fraud">Wine fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaker" title="Winemaker">Winemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine_personalities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wine personalities">Wine personalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting" title="Wine tasting">Wine tasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting_descriptors" title="Wine tasting descriptors">Wine tasting descriptors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/8px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/13px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/17px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="948" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wine" title="Portal:Wine">Wine portal</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_wine" title="Outline of wine">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_wine_terms" title="Glossary of wine terms">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winemaking" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Winemaking" title="Template:Winemaking"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Winemaking" title="Template talk:Winemaking"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Winemaking" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Winemaking"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winemaking" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvest_(wine)" title="Harvest (wine)">Harvest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_harvest_wine" title="Late harvest wine">Late harvest wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">Noble rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage" title="Vintage">Vintage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pressing_(wine)" title="Pressing (wine)">Pressing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acids_in_wine" title="Acids in wine">Deacidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destemming" class="mw-redirect" title="Destemming">Destemming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaptalization" title="Chaptalization">Chaptalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_press" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine press">Wine press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maceration_(wine)" title="Maceration (wine)">Maceration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonic_maceration" title="Carbonic maceration">Carbonic maceration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermentation_in_winemaking" title="Fermentation in winemaking">Fermentation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malolactic_fermentation" title="Malolactic fermentation">Malolactic fermentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine_production" title="Sparkling wine production">Sparkling wine production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCssreserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Süssreserve">Süssreserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_method" title="Traditional method">Traditional method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_assimilable_nitrogen" title="Yeast assimilable nitrogen">Yeast assimilable nitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_wine" title="Aging of wine">Aging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oak_(wine)" title="Oak (wine)">Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solera" title="Solera">Solera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other steps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarification_and_stabilization_of_wine" title="Clarification and stabilization of wine">Clarification and stabilization of wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winery" title="Winery">Winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_viticulture_terms" title="Glossary of viticulture terms">Glossary of viticulture terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_winemaking_terms" title="Glossary of winemaking terms">Glossary of winemaking terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting_descriptors" title="Wine tasting descriptors">Wine tasting descriptors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press" title="History of the wine press">History of the wine press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">Terroir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" 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