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<span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Animal_drumming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animal_drumming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Animal drumming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animal_drumming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Talking_drums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Talking_drums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Talking drums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Talking_drums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drums_in_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drums_in_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Drums in art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drums_in_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Military uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Drum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 126 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-126" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">126 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trom" title="Trom – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Trom" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trommel" title="Trommel – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Trommel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trum" title="Trum – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Trum" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%84" title="طبل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طبل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambor" title="Tambor – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tambor" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambor" title="Tambor – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tambor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tewehikan" title="Tewehikan – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Tewehikan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angu%27a_(tembipu)" title="Angu'a (tembipu) – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Angu'a (tembipu)" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraban" title="Baraban – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Baraban" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84" title="طبیل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="طبیل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ড্রাম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ড্রাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3%CD%98" title="Kó͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kó͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Барабан – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Барабан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Барабан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Барабан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Барабан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Барабан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Барабан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Барабан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumme" title="Drumme – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Drumme" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubanj" title="Bubanj – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bubanj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taboulin" title="Taboulin – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Taboulin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Хэнгэрэг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хэнгэрэг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambor" title="Tambor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tambor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Параппан – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Параппан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buben" title="Buben – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Buben" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngoma" title="Ngoma – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ngoma" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drwm" title="Drwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Drwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tromme" title="Tromme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tromme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trommel" title="Trommel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Trommel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumm" title="Trumm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Trumm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Τύμπανο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τύμπανο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambor" title="Tambor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tambor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamburo" title="Tamburo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tamburo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danbor" title="Danbor – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Danbor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%84" title="طبل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طبل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhol" title="Dhol – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Dhol" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambour_(instrument)" title="Tambour (instrument) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tambour (instrument)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tromme" title="Tromme – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tromme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druma" title="Druma – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Druma" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambor" title="Tambor – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tambor" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BA" title="Kú – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kú" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%81" title="북 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="북" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga" title="Ganga – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ganga" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF" title="Թմբուկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թմբուկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="ड्रम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ड्रम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubanj" title="Bubanj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bubanj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamburo" title="Tamburo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tamburo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambor" title="Tambor – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tambor" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum" title="Drum – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Drum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%95%BF%E1%93%9A%E1%90%85%E1%91%A6" title="ᕿᓚᐅᑦ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᕿᓚᐅᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isigubhu" title="Isigubhu – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isigubhu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tromma" title="Tromma – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tromma" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamburo" title="Tamburo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tamburo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A3" title="תוף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תוף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum" title="Drum – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Drum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Барабан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Барабан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabour" title="Tabour – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Tabour" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngoma_(ala_ya_muziki)" title="Ngoma (ala ya muziki) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ngoma (ala ya muziki)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Барабан – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Барабан" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Барабан – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Барабан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tympanum" title="Tympanum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tympanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bungas" title="Bungas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bungas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Далдам – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Далдам" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%ABgnas" title="Būgnas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Būgnas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%B3m" title="Tróm – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tróm" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbonda" title="Mbonda – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mbonda" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambur" title="Tambur – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tambur" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dob_(hangszer)" title="Dob (hangszer) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dob (hangszer)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Тапани – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тапани" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amponga" title="Amponga – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Amponga" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഡ്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡ്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="ड्रम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ड्रम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%87" title="طبله – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طبله" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dram" title="Dram – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dram" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Бөмбөр – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бөмбөр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA" title="စည် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စည်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huehuetl" title="Huehuetl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Huehuetl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lali" title="Lali – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Lali" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trommel" title="Trommel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Trommel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="द्रम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="द्रम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%BC%93" title="太鼓 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="太鼓" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tromme" title="Tromme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tromme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tromme" title="Tromme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tromme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambor" title="Tambor – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tambor" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraban_(cholg%CA%BBu_asbobi)" title="Baraban (cholgʻu asbobi) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Baraban (cholgʻu asbobi)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2" title="ਢੋਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਢੋਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DA%BE%D9%88%D9%84" title="ڈھول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈھول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamb%C3%B2r" title="Tambòr – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tambòr" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%9A" title="ស្គរ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស្គរ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumm" title="Trumm – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Trumm" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%99ben_(muzyka)" title="Bęben (muzyka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bęben (muzyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambor" title="Tambor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tambor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davul" title="Davul – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Davul" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tob%C4%83" title="Tobă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tobă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wankar" title="Wankar – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wankar" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Бубны – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Бубны" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Барабан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Барабан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Барабаан – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Барабаан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daullja" title="Daullja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Daullja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammuru" title="Tammuru – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tammuru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum" title="Drum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Drum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubon_(hudba)" title="Bubon (hudba) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bubon (hudba)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boben" title="Boben – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Boben" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durbaan" title="Durbaan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Durbaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%BE%DA%B5" title="تەپڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەپڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%9A" title="Бубањ – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бубањ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubanj" title="Bubanj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bubanj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum" title="Drum – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Drum" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpu" title="Rumpu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rumpu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumma" title="Trumma – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Trumma" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Drum_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Drum (disambiguation)">Drum (disambiguation)</a>.</span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DrumMozartRegiment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/DrumMozartRegiment.jpg/220px-DrumMozartRegiment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/DrumMozartRegiment.jpg/330px-DrumMozartRegiment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/DrumMozartRegiment.jpg/440px-DrumMozartRegiment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Drum of Company B, <a href="/wiki/40th_New_York_Infantry_Regiment" title="40th New York Infantry Regiment">40th New York Infantry Regiment</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Battle of Gettysburg</a>, 1863</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TalkingDrum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/TalkingDrum.jpg/220px-TalkingDrum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/TalkingDrum.jpg/330px-TalkingDrum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/TalkingDrum.jpg/440px-TalkingDrum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Talking_drum" title="Talking drum">Talking drum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jazz_drummer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Jazz_drummer.jpg/220px-Jazz_drummer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Jazz_drummer.jpg/330px-Jazz_drummer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Jazz_drummer.jpg/440px-Jazz_drummer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7476" data-file-height="5529" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">drum kit</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceremonial_drum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ceremonial_drum.jpg/220px-Ceremonial_drum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ceremonial_drum.jpg/330px-Ceremonial_drum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ceremonial_drum.jpg/440px-Ceremonial_drum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3486" data-file-height="2804" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_S%C6%A1n_drum" class="mw-redirect" title="Đông Sơn drum">Đông Sơn drum</a> from 3rd to 2nd century BC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Congas.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Congas.JPG/220px-Congas.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Congas.JPG/330px-Congas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Congas.JPG/440px-Congas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>A pair of <a href="/wiki/Conga" title="Conga">conga</a> drums</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>drum</b> is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">percussion</a> group of <a href="/wiki/Musical_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical instruments">musical instruments</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hornbostel-Sachs">Hornbostel-Sachs</a> classification system, it is a <a href="/wiki/Membranophones" class="mw-redirect" title="Membranophones">membranophone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Drums consist of at least one <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_membrane" title="Acoustic membrane">membrane</a>, called a <a href="/wiki/Drumhead" title="Drumhead">drumhead</a> or drum skin, that is stretched over a shell and struck, either directly with the player's hands, or with a <a href="/wiki/Percussion_mallet" title="Percussion mallet">percussion mallet</a>, to produce sound. There is usually a resonant head on the underside of the drum. Other techniques have been used to cause drums to make sound, such as the <a href="/wiki/Thumb_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Thumb roll">thumb roll</a>. Drums are the world's oldest and most ubiquitous musical instruments, and the basic design has remained virtually unchanged for thousands of years.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drums may be played individually, with the player using a single drum, and some drums such as the <a href="/wiki/Djembe" title="Djembe">djembe</a> are almost always played in this way. Others are normally played in a set of two or more, all played by one player, such as <a href="/wiki/Bongo_drums" class="mw-redirect" title="Bongo drums">bongo drums</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">timpani</a>. A number of different drums together with <a href="/wiki/Cymbal" title="Cymbal">cymbals</a> form the basic modern <a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">drum kit</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drums are usually played by striking with the hand, a beater attached to a pedal, or with one or two sticks with or without padding. A wide variety of sticks are used, including wooden sticks and sticks with soft beaters of felt on the end. In jazz, some drummers use brushes for a smoother, quieter sound. In many traditional cultures, drums have a symbolic function and are used in religious ceremonies. Drums are often used in <a href="/wiki/Music_therapy" title="Music therapy">music therapy</a>, especially hand drums, because of their tactile nature and easy use by a wide variety of people.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2000s, drums have also been used as a way to engage in aerobic exercise and is called <a href="/wiki/Cardio_drumming" title="Cardio drumming">cardio drumming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Loncaric_2022_j598_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loncaric_2022_j598-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drumming_Review_2019_u851_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drumming_Review_2019_u851-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, "drums" usually refers to a <a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">drum kit</a> or a set of drums (with some <a href="/wiki/Cymbals" class="mw-redirect" title="Cymbals">cymbals</a>, or in the case of harder <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock music</a> genres, many cymbals), and "<a href="/wiki/Drummer" title="Drummer">drummer</a>" to the person who plays them. </p><p>Drums acquired even divine status in places such as Burundi, where the <i><a href="/wiki/Karyenda" title="Karyenda">karyenda</a></i> was a symbol of the power of the king. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The shell almost always has a circular opening over which the drumhead is stretched, but the shape of the remainder of the shell varies widely. In the Western musical tradition, the most usual shape is a <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cylinder (geometry)">cylinder</a>, although <a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">timpani</a>, for example, use <a href="/wiki/Bowl_(vessel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowl (vessel)">bowl</a>-shaped shells.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other shapes include a frame design (<a href="/wiki/Tar_(drum)" title="Tar (drum)">tar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bodhr%C3%A1n" title="Bodhrán">Bodhrán</a>), truncated cones (<a href="/wiki/Bongo_drum" title="Bongo drum">bongo drums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashiko" title="Ashiko">Ashiko</a>), <a href="/wiki/Goblet_drum" title="Goblet drum">goblet shaped</a> (<a href="/wiki/Djembe" title="Djembe">djembe</a>), and joined truncated cones (<a href="/wiki/Talking_drum" title="Talking drum">talking drum</a>). </p><p>A drum contains cylindrical shells can be open at one end (as is the case with <a href="/wiki/Timbales" title="Timbales">timbales</a>), or can have two drum heads, one head on each end. Single-headed drums typically consist of a skin stretched over an enclosed space, or over one of the ends of a hollow vessel. Drums with two heads covering both ends of a cylindrical shell often have a small hole somewhat halfway between the two heads; the shell forms a <a href="/wiki/Resonance" title="Resonance">resonating</a> chamber for the resulting sound. Exceptions include the African <a href="/wiki/Slit_drum" title="Slit drum">slit drum</a>, also known as a log drum as it is made from a hollowed-out tree trunk, and the <a href="/wiki/Steel_drum" class="mw-redirect" title="Steel drum">Caribbean steel drum</a>, made from a metal barrel. Drums with two heads can also have a set of wires, called snares, held across the bottom head, top head, or both heads, hence the name <a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">snare drum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On some drums with two heads, a hole or <a href="/wiki/Bass_reflex" title="Bass reflex">bass reflex</a> port may be cut or installed onto one head, as with some 2010s era <a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">bass drums</a> in rock music. </p><p>On modern <a href="/wiki/Band_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Band (music)">band</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orchestral" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchestral">orchestral</a> drums, the drumhead is placed over the opening of the drum, which in turn is held onto the shell by a "counterhoop" (or "rim"), which is then held by means of a number of tuning screws called "tension rods" that screw into lugs placed evenly around the circumference. The head's tension can be adjusted by loosening or tightening the rods. Many such drums have six to ten tension rods. The sound of a drum depends on many variables—including shape, shell size and thickness, shell materials, counterhoop material, drumhead material, drumhead tension, drum position, location, and striking velocity and angle.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the invention of tension rods, drum skins were attached and tuned by rope systems—as on the <a href="/wiki/Djembe" title="Djembe">Djembe</a>—or pegs and ropes such as on <a href="/wiki/Ewe_music" title="Ewe music">Ewe drums</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These methods are rarely used today, though sometimes appear on regimental marching band snare drums.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The head of a talking drum, for example, can be temporarily tightened by squeezing the ropes that connect the top and bottom heads. Similarly, the tabla is tuned by hammering a disc held in place around the drum by ropes stretching from the top to bottom head. Orchestral timpani can be quickly tuned to precise pitches by using a foot pedal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sounds">Sounds</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drums_for_sale_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Drums_for_sale_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian.jpg/220px-Drums_for_sale_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Drums_for_sale_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian.jpg/330px-Drums_for_sale_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Drums_for_sale_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian.jpg/440px-Drums_for_sale_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1689" data-file-height="1388" /></a><figcaption>Several <a href="/wiki/Amerindians" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerindians">American Indian</a>-style drums for sale at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian" title="National Museum of the American Indian">National Museum of the American Indian</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Several factors determine the sound a drum produces, including the type, shape and construction of the drum shell, the type of drum heads it has, and the tension of these drumheads. Different drum sounds have different uses in music. For example, the modern <a href="/wiki/Tom-tom_drum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom-tom drum">Tom-tom drum</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> drummer may want drums that are high pitched, resonant and quiet whereas a <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> drummer may prefer drums that are loud, dry and low-pitched. </p><p>The drum head has the most effect on how a drum sounds. Each type of drum head serves its own musical purpose and has its own unique sound. Double-ply drumheads dampen high frequency harmonics because they are heavier and they are suited to heavy playing.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Drum heads with a white, textured coating on them muffle the <a href="/wiki/Overtone" title="Overtone">overtones</a> of the drum head slightly, producing a less diverse <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a>. Drum heads with central silver or black dots tend to muffle the overtones even more, while drum heads with <a href="/wiki/Perimeter" title="Perimeter">perimeter</a> sound rings mostly eliminate overtones. Some jazz drummers avoid using thick drum heads, preferring single ply drum heads or drum heads with no muffling. Rock drummers often prefer the thicker or coated drum heads. </p><p>The second biggest factor that affects drum sound is head tension against the shell. When the hoop is placed around the drum head and shell and tightened down with tension rods, the tension of the head can be adjusted. When the tension is increased, the <a href="/wiki/Amplitude" title="Amplitude">amplitude</a> of the sound is reduced and the <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a> is increased, making the pitch higher and the volume lower. </p><p>The type of shell also affects the sound of a drum. Because the vibrations resonate in the shell of the drum, the shell can be used to increase the volume and to manipulate the type of sound produced. The larger the diameter of the shell, the lower the pitch. The larger the depth of the drum, the louder the volume. Shell thickness also determines the volume of drums. Thicker shells produce louder drums. <a href="/wiki/Mahogany" title="Mahogany">Mahogany</a> raises the frequency of low pitches and keeps higher frequencies at about the same speed. When choosing a set of shells, a jazz drummer may want smaller maple shells, while a rock drummer may want larger birch shells. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MocheDrum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/MocheDrum.jpg/180px-MocheDrum.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/MocheDrum.jpg/270px-MocheDrum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/MocheDrum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moche_culture" title="Moche culture">Moche</a> ceramic vessel depicting a drummer. <a href="/wiki/Larco_Museum" title="Larco Museum">Larco Museum</a> Collection. Lima-Peru</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Alligator_drum" title="Alligator drum">Drums made with alligator skins</a> have been found in <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic China">Neolithic cultures</a> located in China, dating to a period of 5500–2350 BC. In literary records, drums manifested shamanistic characteristics and were often used in ritual ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bronze <a href="/wiki/Dong_Son_drum" title="Dong Son drum">Dong Son drum</a> was fabricated by the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Dong_Son_culture" title="Dong Son culture">Dong Son culture</a> of northern Vietnam. They include the ornate <a href="/wiki/Ngoc_Lu_drum" title="Ngoc Lu drum">Ngoc Lu drum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animal_drumming">Animal drumming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Animal drumming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Macaque_monkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Macaque monkey">Macaque monkeys</a> drum objects in a rhythmic way to show <a href="/wiki/Social_Dominance_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Dominance Theory">social dominance</a> and this has been shown to be processed in a similar way in their brains to vocalizations, suggesting an evolutionary origin to drumming as part of social communication.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primates</a> including <a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">gorillas</a> make drumming sounds by chest beating or hand clapping,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and rodents such as <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_rat" title="Kangaroo rat">kangaroo rats</a> also make similar sounds using their paws on the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Talking_drums">Talking drums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Talking drums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Talking_drum" title="Talking drum">Talking drum</a></div> <p>Drums are used not only for their musical qualities, but also as a means of <a href="/wiki/Drums_in_communication" title="Drums in communication">communication</a> over great distances. The talking drums of Africa are used to imitate the tone patterns of spoken language. Throughout <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sri_Lanka" title="History of Sri Lanka">Sri Lankan history</a> drums have been used for communication between the state and the community, and Sri Lankan drums have a history stretching back over 2500 years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drums_in_art">Drums in art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Drums in art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bekertrom_van_hout_TMnr_4851-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bekertrom_van_hout_TMnr_4851-5.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bekertrom_van_hout_TMnr_4851-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bekertrom_van_hout_TMnr_4851-5.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bekertrom_van_hout_TMnr_4851-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bekertrom_van_hout_TMnr_4851-5.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bekertrom_van_hout_TMnr_4851-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>A well-used <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Rhythm in Sub-Saharan Africa">African drum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Drumming may be a purposeful expression of emotion for entertainment, spiritualism and communication. Many cultures practice drumming as a spiritual or religious passage and interpret drummed rhythm similarly to spoken language or prayer. Drumming has developed over millennia to be a powerful art form. Drumming is commonly viewed as the root of music and is sometimes performed as a kinesthetic dance. As a discipline, drumming concentrates on training the body to punctuate, convey and interpret musical rhythmic intention to an audience and to the performer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_uses">Military uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Military uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Military_drums" title="Military drums">Military drums</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Drum_-_Cadence_A.ogg" title="File:Drum - Cadence A.ogg">Drum - Cadence A</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="93" data-mwtitle="Drum_-_Cadence_A.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Drum_-_Cadence_A.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Drum_-_Cadence_A.ogg/Drum_-_Cadence_A.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Drum_-_Cadence_B.ogg" title="File:Drum - Cadence B.ogg">Drum - Cadence B</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="92" data-mwtitle="Drum_-_Cadence_B.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Drum_-_Cadence_B.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/Drum_-_Cadence_B.ogg/Drum_-_Cadence_B.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Drums_-_Four_Flams.ogg" title="File:Drums - Four Flams.ogg">Drum - Four Flams</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="45" data-mwtitle="Drums_-_Four_Flams.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Drums_-_Four_Flams.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/Drums_-_Four_Flams.ogg/Drums_-_Four_Flams.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">Snare drum</a> <a href="/wiki/Drum_cadence" title="Drum cadence">cadences</a> performed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Band" title="United States Navy Band">United States Navy Band</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing these files? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>Chinese troops used <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A0ig%C7%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tàigǔ (page does not exist)">tàigǔ</a> drums to motivate troops, to help set a marching pace, and to call out orders or announcements. For example, during a war between Qi and Lu in 684 BC, the effect of drum on soldiers' morale is employed to change the result of a major battle. Fife-and-drum corps of Swiss mercenary foot soldiers also used drums. They used an early version of the snare drum carried over the player's right shoulder, suspended by a strap (typically played with one hand using <a href="/wiki/Traditional_grip" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional grip">traditional grip</a>). It is to this instrument that the English word "drum" was first used. Similarly, during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> rope-tension drums would be carried by junior officers as a means to relay commands from senior officers over the noise of battle. These were also hung over the shoulder of the drummer and typically played with two drum sticks. Different <a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">regiments</a> and companies would have distinctive and unique <a href="/wiki/Drum_beat" title="Drum beat">drum beats</a> only they recognized. In the mid-19th century, the Scottish military started incorporating <a href="/wiki/Pipe_band" title="Pipe band">pipe bands</a> into their Highland regiments.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During pre-Columbian warfare, Aztec nations were known to have used drums to send signals to the battling warriors. The Nahuatl word for drum is roughly translated as <i>huehuetl</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rig_Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Rig Veda">Rig Veda</a>, one of the oldest religious scriptures in the world, contains several references to the use of the <i>Dundhubi</i> (war drum). Arya tribes charged into battle to the beating of the war drum and chanting of a hymn that appears in Book VI of the Rig Veda and also the Atharva Veda.<sup id="cite_ref-Blades_1992_p._134_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blades_1992_p._134-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dundhuhi was considered sacred and to capture one in battle would signal defeat of the enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-Halid_2022_p._26_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halid_2022_p._26-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gu_Hongzhong%27s_Night_Revels,_Detail_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gu_Hongzhong%27s_Night_Revels%2C_Detail_6.jpg/220px-Gu_Hongzhong%27s_Night_Revels%2C_Detail_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gu_Hongzhong%27s_Night_Revels%2C_Detail_6.jpg/330px-Gu_Hongzhong%27s_Night_Revels%2C_Detail_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gu_Hongzhong%27s_Night_Revels%2C_Detail_6.jpg/440px-Gu_Hongzhong%27s_Night_Revels%2C_Detail_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>Handscroll detail of a Chinese percussionist playing a drum for a dancing woman, from a 12th-century remake of <a href="/wiki/Gu_Hongzhong" title="Gu Hongzhong">Gu Hongzhong</a>'s 10th-century originals, <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dompedroiibebe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Dompedroiibebe.jpg/180px-Dompedroiibebe.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Dompedroiibebe.jpg/270px-Dompedroiibebe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Dompedroiibebe.jpg/360px-Dompedroiibebe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1586" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Pedro de Alcântara, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Imperial_of_Brazil" title="Prince Imperial of Brazil">Prince Imperial</a> (later Emperor <a href="/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil" title="Pedro II of Brazil">Pedro II of Brazil</a>) with a toy drum, c. 1830</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aburukuwa" title="Aburukuwa">Aburukuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashiko" title="Ashiko">Ashiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atumpan_(drum)" title="Atumpan (drum)">Atumpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bara_drum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bara drum">Bara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">Bass drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat%C3%A1_drum" title="Batá drum">Batá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedug" title="Bedug">Bedug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhr%C3%A1n" title="Bodhrán">Bodhrán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_drum" title="Bongo drum">Bongo drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougarabou" title="Bougarabou">Bougarabou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buk_(drum)" title="Buk (drum)">Buk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caj%C3%B3n" title="Cajón">Cajón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombe_drums" title="Candombe drums">Candombe drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goblet_drum" title="Goblet drum">Chalice drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenda" title="Chenda">Chenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_drum" title="Cocktail drum">Cocktail drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conga" title="Conga">Conga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdy-crawn" title="Crowdy-crawn">Crowdy-crawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goblet_drum" title="Goblet drum">Darbuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damphu_drum" title="Damphu drum">Damphu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davul" title="Davul">Davul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayereh" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayereh">Dayereh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhak_(instrument)" title="Dhak (instrument)">Dhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhimay" title="Dhimay">Dhimay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhol" title="Dhol">Dhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dholak" title="Dholak">Dholak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djembe" title="Djembe">Djembe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Son_drum" title="Dong Son drum">Dong Son drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doumbek" class="mw-redirect" title="Doumbek">Doumbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunun" title="Dunun">Dunun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_music" title="Ewe music">Ewe drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontomfrom" title="Fontomfrom">Fontomfrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frame_drum" title="Frame drum">Frame drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goblet_drum" title="Goblet drum">Goblet drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_drum" title="Hand drum">Hand drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idakka" title="Idakka">Idakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilimba_drum" title="Ilimba drum">Ilimba drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karyenda" title="Karyenda">Karyenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendang" title="Kendang">Kendang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpanlogo_(drum)" title="Kpanlogo (drum)">Kpanlogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeg_drum" title="Lambeg drum">Lambeg drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_drum" class="mw-redirect" title="Log drum">Log drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madal" title="Madal">Madal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mridangam" title="Mridangam">Mridangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahu" title="Pahu">Pahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakhavaj" title="Pakhavaj">Pakhavaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repinique" title="Repinique">Repinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">Side drum</a> (marching snare drum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slit_drum" title="Slit drum">Slit drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">Snare drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surdo" title="Surdo">Surdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabor_(instrument)" title="Tabor (instrument)">Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamborim" title="Tamborim">Tamborim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">Tambourine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiko" title="Taiko">Taiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabla" title="Tabla">Tabla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_drum" title="Talking drum">Talking drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tassa" title="Tassa">Tassa</a> (Tasha drum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davul" title="Davul">Tapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_(drum)" title="Tar (drum)">Tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavil" class="mw-redirect" title="Tavil">Tavil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_drum" title="Tenor drum">Tenor drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbales" title="Timbales">Timbales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">Timpani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombak" title="Tombak">Tombak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom-tom_drum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom-tom drum">Tom-tom drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue_drum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongue drum">Tongue drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabumba" title="Zabumba">Zabumba</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/15px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/20px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music portal</a></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blast_beat" title="Blast beat">Blast beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_drumming" title="Double drumming">Double drumming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_circle" title="Drum circle">Drum circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumline" class="mw-redirect" title="Drumline">Drumline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">Drum machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_replacement" title="Drum replacement">Drum replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percussion_mallet" title="Percussion mallet">Drumsticks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_drum" title="Electronic drum">Electronic drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearing_the_shape_of_a_drum" title="Hearing the shape of a drum">Hearing the shape of a drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_gallop" title="Heavy metal gallop">Heavy metal gallop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drummers" title="List of drummers">List of drummers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practice_pad" title="Practice pad">Practice pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibrations_of_a_circular_membrane" title="Vibrations of a circular membrane">Vibrations of a circular membrane</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-grove-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grove_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrove2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Grove" title="George Grove">Grove, George</a> (January 2001). <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians"><i>The New Grove Encyclopædia of Music and Musicians</i></a> (2nd ed.). Grove's Dictionaries of Music. pp. Volume 5, pp638–649. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-239-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-239-5"><bdi>978-1-56159-239-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+of+Music+and+Musicians&rft.pages=Volume+5%2C+pp638-649&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Grove%27s+Dictionaries+of+Music&rft.date=2001-01&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-239-5&rft.aulast=Grove&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss1994" class="citation news cs1">Weiss, Rick (July 5, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130210003117/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/72257976.html?dids=72257976:72257976&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=JUL+05,+1994&author=Rick+Weiss&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=MUSIC+THERAPY&pqatl=google">"Music Therapy"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. No. Jul 5, 1994. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/72257976.html?dids=72257976:72257976&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=JUL+05%2C+1994&author=Rick+Weiss&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=MUSIC+THERAPY&pqatl=google">the original</a> on February 10, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Music+Therapy&rft.issue=Jul+5%2C+1994&rft.date=1994-07-05&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fwashingtonpost%2Faccess%2F72257976.html%3Fdids%3D72257976%3A72257976%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AFT%26date%3DJUL%2B05%252C%2B1994%26author%3DRick%2BWeiss%26pub%3DThe%2BWashington%2BPost%26desc%3DMUSIC%2BTHERAPY%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loncaric_2022_j598-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loncaric_2022_j598_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoncaric2022" class="citation web cs1">Loncaric, Denis (2022-02-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drummagazine.com/cardio-drumming/">"What is Cardio Drumming?"</a>. <i>DRUM! Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DRUM%21+Magazine&rft.atitle=What+is+Cardio+Drumming%3F&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft.aulast=Loncaric&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrummagazine.com%2Fcardio-drumming%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drumming_Review_2019_u851-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Drumming_Review_2019_u851_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drummingreview.com/cardio-drumming/">"Cardio Drumming: Lose Weight While Playing Drums?"</a>. <i>Drumming Review</i>. 2019-04-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drumming+Review&rft.atitle=Cardio+Drumming%3A+Lose+Weight+While+Playing+Drums%3F&rft.date=2019-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrummingreview.com%2Fcardio-drumming%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby2013" class="citation book cs1">Kirby, Percival (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.18772/12013086055.10">"DRUMS"</a>. <i>The Musical Instruments of the Indigenous People of South Africa</i>. Wits University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">19–</span>63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18772%2F12013086055.10">10.18772/12013086055.10</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86814-605-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86814-605-5"><bdi>978-1-86814-605-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.18772/12013086055.10">10.18772/12013086055.10</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=DRUMS&rft.btitle=The+Musical+Instruments+of+the+Indigenous+People+of+South+Africa&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.pub=Wits+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.18772%2F12013086055.10%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18772%2F12013086055.10&rft.isbn=978-1-86814-605-5&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=Percival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.18772%2F12013086055.10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrum" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drumbook.org">Drum Lessons</a> - Drumbook.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Liu, Li (2007). <i>The Chinese Neolithic: Trajectories to Early States</i>. 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"A comparison of buttress drumming by male chimpanzees from two populations". <i>Primates; Journal of Primatology</i>. <b>45</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">135–</span>9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10329-003-0070-8">10.1007/s10329-003-0070-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14735390">14735390</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8141024">8141024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Primates%3B+Journal+of+Primatology&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+buttress+drumming+by+male+chimpanzees+from+two+populations&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E135-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8141024%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14735390&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10329-003-0070-8&rft.aulast=Clark+Arcadi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Robert%2C+D&rft.au=Mugurusi%2C+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalanRainey2009" class="citation journal cs1">Kalan, AK; Rainey, HJ. 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"Hand-clapping as a communicative gesture by wild female swamp gorillas". <i>Primates</i>. <b>50</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">273–</span>5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10329-009-0130-9">10.1007/s10329-009-0130-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19221858">19221858</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24427744">24427744</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Primates&rft.atitle=Hand-clapping+as+a+communicative+gesture+by+wild+female+swamp+gorillas&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E273-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24427744%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19221858&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10329-009-0130-9&rft.aulast=Kalan&rft.aufirst=AK&rft.au=Rainey%2C+HJ.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandall2001" class="citation journal cs1">Randall, JA. (2001). "Evolution and Function of Drumming as Communication in Mammals". <i>American Zoologist</i>. <b>41</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">1143–</span>1156. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.577.2992">10.1.1.577.2992</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1668%2F0003-1569%282001%29041%5B1143%3AEAFODA%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1668/0003-1569(2001)041[1143:EAFODA]2.0.CO;2</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:198156546">198156546</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Zoologist&rft.atitle=Evolution+and+Function+of+Drumming+as+Communication+in+Mammals&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1143-%3C%2Fspan%3E1156&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.577.2992%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A198156546%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1668%2F0003-1569%282001%29041%5B1143%3AEAFODA%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=JA.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatto1996" class="citation web cs1">Chatto, Allan (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100315214859/http://www.cadre-online.ca/drumhistory.html">"Brief History of Drumming"</a>. <i>cadre-online.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cadre-online.ca/drumhistory.html">the original</a> on March 15, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cadre-online.ca&rft.atitle=Brief+History+of+Drumming&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Chatto&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cadre-online.ca%2Fdrumhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aguilar-Moreno, Manuel. (2006). [Handbook to Life In the Aztec World]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blades_1992_p._134-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blades_1992_p._134_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlades1992" class="citation book cs1">Blades, J. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a8V3Z6j2ExEC&pg=PA134"><i>Percussion Instruments and Their History</i></a>. Bold Strummer. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-933224-61-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-933224-61-2"><bdi>978-0-933224-61-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Percussion+Instruments+and+Their+History&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Bold+Strummer&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-933224-61-2&rft.aulast=Blades&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da8V3Z6j2ExEC%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Halid_2022_p._26-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Halid_2022_p._26_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalid2022" class="citation book cs1">Halid, R.I.B.R. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3Ah0EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA26"><i>The Malay Nobat: A History of Power, Acculturation, and Sovereignty</i></a>. The Lexington Series in Historical Ethnomusicology: Deep Soundings. Lexington Books. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-6669-0089-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-6669-0089-7"><bdi>978-1-6669-0089-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Malay+Nobat%3A+A+History+of+Power%2C+Acculturation%2C+and+Sovereignty&rft.series=The+Lexington+Series+in+Historical+Ethnomusicology%3A+Deep+Soundings&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-6669-0089-7&rft.aulast=Halid&rft.aufirst=R.I.B.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3Ah0EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drum&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header"><span class="spoken-wikipedia-listen-to">Listen to this article</span> (<span class="duration"><span class="min">1</span> minute</span>)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="84" data-mwtitle="Drum.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/Drum.ogg/Drum.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Drum.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spoken Wikipedia"><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></span></span></div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/File:Drum.ogg" title="File:Drum.ogg">This audio file</a> was created from a revision of this article dated 13 April 2005<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2005-04-13</span>)</span>, and does not reflect subsequent edits.</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-footer">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a>)</div></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Learn_to_Play_Drums" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Learn to Play Drums">Learn to Play Drums</a> at Wikibooks</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Drum" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Drum">Drum</a> at Wikiquote</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Drums" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Drums">Drums</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/drum" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/drum"><i>drum</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Drum"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Drum">"Drum" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Drum&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ludowe.instrumenty.edu.pl/en/instruments-/categories/category/331">Drums (<i>Polish folk musical instruments</i>)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Keyboard_percussion54" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_percussion_instrument" title="Keyboard percussion instrument">Keyboard percussion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluphone" title="Aluphone">Aluphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotales" title="Crotales">Crotales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">Glockenspiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba">Marimba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubaphone" title="Tubaphone">Tubaphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubular_bells" title="Tubular bells">Tubular bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibraphone" title="Vibraphone">Vibraphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylophone" title="Xylophone">Xylophone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handbell" title="Handbell">Handbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handpan" title="Handpan">Handpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">Steelpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabla" title="Tabla">Tabla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">Timpani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unpitched_percussion_instrument" title="Unpitched percussion instrument">Unpitched percussion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">Bass drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhr%C3%A1n" title="Bodhrán">Bodhrán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongos" class="mw-redirect" title="Bongos">Bongos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabasa" title="Cabasa">Cabasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caj%C3%B3n" title="Cajón">Cajón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castanets" title="Castanets">Castanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claves" title="Claves">Claves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conga" title="Conga">Conga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowbell_(instrument)" title="Cowbell (instrument)">Cowbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbals" class="mw-redirect" title="Cymbals">Cymbals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djembe" title="Djembe">Djembe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraca" title="Maraca">Maracas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_tree" title="Mark tree">Mark tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">Snare drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiko" title="Taiko">Taiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">Tambourine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong#Chau_gong_(tam-tam)" title="Gong">Tam-tam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_blocks" title="Temple blocks">Temple blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbales" title="Timbales">Timbales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_(musical_instrument)" title="Triangle (musical instrument)">Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodblock_(instrument)" title="Woodblock (instrument)">Wood block</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_percussion" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic percussion">Electronic percussion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">Drum machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_drum" title="Electronic drum">Electronic drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Octapad" title="Roland Octapad">Octapad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Percussion groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">Drum kit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marching_percussion" title="Marching percussion">Marching percussion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_ensemble" title="Front ensemble">Front ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_percussion_ensemble" title="Indoor percussion ensemble">Indoor percussion ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percussion_section" title="Percussion section">Percussion section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percussion_ensemble" title="Percussion ensemble">Percussion ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_circle" title="Drum circle">Drum circle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_percussion_instruments" title="Classification of percussion instruments">Classification of percussion instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_stick" title="Drum stick">Drum stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percussion_mallet" title="Percussion mallet">Percussion mallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cymbal_manufacturers" title="List of cymbal manufacturers">List of cymbal manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drum_manufacturers" title="List of drum manufacturers">List of drum manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_marimba_manufacturers" title="List of marimba manufacturers">List of marimba manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vibraphone_manufacturers" title="List of vibraphone manufacturers">List of vibraphone manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_timpani_manufacturers" title="List of timpani manufacturers">List of timpani manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11404#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1278" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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