Encyclopédie Larousse en ligne

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fr" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage">   <script> dataLayer = [{'lang':"fr", 'page_type':"liste editorial", 'page_category':"encyclopedie", 'page_subcategory':""}]; // Problème compatiblitiy [<head></head>] & [Modify by C#] </script> <head id="Head1" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb# article: http://ogp.me/ns/article#"><meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="author" content="Éditions Larousse" /><meta name="tdm-reservation" content="1" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" http-equiv="Content-Type" /><title> Encyclopédie Larousse en ligne - Accueil </title>       <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js" integrity="sha256-/xUj+3OJU5yExlq6GSYGSHk7tPXikynS7ogEvDej/m4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-migrate-3.3.2.min.js" integrity="sha256-Ap4KLoCf1rXb52q+i3p0k2vjBsmownyBTE1EqlRiMwA=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>     <script src="/library-web/larcom/cnil/htmlParser.js"></script> <script src="/library-web/larcom/cnil/postscribe.js"></script>     <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="9225742f-0606-4a4c-b016-9e27bd32a7a1"></script>    <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { if(!getCookieOT("OptanonAlertBoxClosed")){ var newButton = document.createElement("button") // Create a button newButton.setAttribute("id", "onetrust-reject-all-handler") // Name the button + pick up style as per template newButton.onclick = function(one){ OneTrust.RejectAll(); } newButton.innerText = Optanon.GetDomainData().BannerRejectAllButtonText;// Add text to button document.getElementById("onetrust-policy").prepend(newButton) // Place button } } function getCookieOT(name) { var value = "; " + document.cookie; var parts = value.split("; " + name + "="); if (parts.length >= 2) return parts.pop().split(";").shift(); } </script>    <script>  (function(w,d,s,l,i){ w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'}); var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:''; j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-TB2J4SG'); </script>   <script async id="xieg6Sie" src="https://cdn.viously.com/js/sdk/boot.js"></script>      <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous" />         <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/library-web/slick/slick.min.css" />     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/library-web/larcom/masterpage/css/font-collect.css" />  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/library-web/larcom/masterpage/css/masterpage.css" />   <style> /*conflit CSS (bootstrap - MDB)*/ .navbar{ box-shadow:none; } /* SLICK */ .slick-slide { outline: none !important; } </style> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/encyclopedie/assets/img/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/encyclopedie/assets/css/accueil.202110111331.css"> <script src="/encyclopedie/assets/js/encyclopedie.202001271425.js"></script> <meta property="og:title" content="Encyclopédie Larousse en ligne - Accueil" /> <meta itemprop="name" content="Encyclopédie Larousse en ligne - Accueil" /> <meta name="description" content="Encyclopédie Larousse en ligne - Accueil" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Encyclopédie Larousse en ligne - Accueil" /> <meta itemprop="description" content="Encyclopédie Larousse en ligne - Accueil" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie" /> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie" /> <meta name="keywords" content="dictionnaire,encyclopédie" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/assets/img/larousse.jpg" /> <meta itemprop="image" content="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/assets/img/larousse.jpg" /> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" /> </head> <body>   <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-TB2J4SG" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <div class="page">  <div class="header">   <div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-default lar-navbar-top visible-lg">  <div class="container"> <div id="navtop" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul class="lar-culture nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li class="culture-en"> <a onclick="changeCulture('en')">EN</a>  <img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-en.png" alt="image" draggable="false"/> </li> <li class="culture-es"> <a onclick="changeCulture('es')">ES</a>  <img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-es.png" alt="image" draggable="false"/> </li> <li class="culture-de"> <a onclick="changeCulture('de')">DE</a>  <img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-de.png" alt="image" draggable="false"/> </li> <li class="culture-it"> <a onclick="changeCulture('it')">IT</a>  <img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-it.png" alt="image" draggable="false"/> </li> </ul> <ul class="lar-social nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/larousse.fr" target="_blank"></a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/larousse_fr" target="_blank"></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/editionslarousse/" target="_blank"></a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.linkedin.com/company/larousse" target="_blank"></a></li> </ul> <ul class="lar-login nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><div id="auth-widget-topbar"></div></li>  <li><a href="https://www.editions-larousse.fr/newsletter">Newsletter</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="lar-searchbar visible-lg"> <a class="bt-home" href="/">LAROUSSE</a> <div class="zone-search"> <input type="search" class="lar-searchtxt" onkeydown="inputKeydownHeader(false,'\\encyclopedie\\rechercher\\')" placeholder="Rechercher dans l'encyclopédie..."/> <button class="lar-searchbt" onclick="onSearchHeader(false,'\\encyclopedie\\rechercher\\');"></button> </div> </div>   <div class="navbar navbar-default lar-navbar-menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navmenu"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <div class="lar-searchbar search-toggle hidden-lg"> <div><a class="bt-home" href="/">LAROUSSE</a></div> <span><button class="lar-switchbt lar-openbt" onclick="openSearch()"></button></span> <span><button class="lar-switchbt lar-closebt" onclick="closeSearch()"></button></span> <div class="switch-search"> <input type="search" class="lar-searchtxt" onkeydown="inputKeydownHeader(true,'\\encyclopedie\\rechercher\\')" placeholder="Rechercher dans l'encyclopédie..."/> <button class="lar-searchbt" onclick="onSearchHeader(true,'\\encyclopedie\\rechercher\\');"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div id="navmenu" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul class="lar-menu nav navbar-nav navbar-left"> <li id="olf"><a href="/dictionnaires/francais"><span class="icon-menu dropdown-submenu hidden-lg"></span>LANGUE FRANÇAISE</a></li> <li id="bil"><a href="/dictionnaires/bilingues"><span class="icon-menu hidden-lg"></span>DICTIONNAIRES BILINGUES</a></li> <li id="traductor"><a href="/traducteur"><span class="icon-menu hidden-lg"></span>TRADUCTEUR</a></li> <li id="conj"><a href="/conjugaison"><span class="icon-menu hidden-lg"></span>CONJUGATEUR</a></li> <li id="encyclo"><a href="/encyclopedie"><span class="icon-menu hidden-lg"></span>ENCYCLOPÉDIE</a></li> <li id="cook"><a href="https://cuisine.larousse.fr"><span class="icon-menu hidden-lg"></span>CUISINE</a></li> <li id="forum"><a href="/forums"><span class="icon-menu hidden-lg"></span>FORUM</a></li> <li id="jeux"><a href="https://jeux.larousse.fr"><span class="icon-menu hidden-lg"></span>JEUX</a></li> <li id="books"><a href="https://www.editions-larousse.fr"><span class="icon-menu hidden-lg"></span>LIVRES</a></li> </ul> <ul class="lar-login hidden-lg"> <li><div id="auth-widget-menuburger"></div></li>  <li><a href="https://www.editions-larousse.fr/newsletter">Newsletter</a></li> </ul> <ul class="lar-social hidden-lg"> <li style="width:100%"> <span>Suivez nous:</span> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/larousse.fr"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/larousse_fr"></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/editionslarousse/"></a> <a href="https://fr.linkedin.com/company/larousse"></a> </li> </ul> <ul class="lar-culture hidden-lg"> <li style="width:100%"> <a href="https://www.larousse.com/en/" asp-action="culture_en">EN</a> <a href="https://www.larousse.com/es/" asp-action="culture_es">ES</a> <a href="https://www.larousse.com/de/" asp-action="culture_de">DE</a> <a href="https://www.larousse.com/it/" asp-action="culture_it">IT</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="pub-top oast"> </div>  <div class="breadcrumb"> <div><a href="https://www.larousse.fr">Accueil</a> ><a href="/encyclopedie"><b>Encyclopédie</b></a></div> </div>   <div id="poool-widget">  </div> <div id="Wrapper" class="wrapper">  <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="panel-search">   <div class="zone-desc-search"> <div class="hb-search-icon"></div> <div class="hb-search-name"><h1>ENCYCLOPÉDIE</h1><p>135 000 définitions, 90 000 articles, 92 000 synonymes...</p></div> </div> <hr/> <div class="zone-search-keyword row"> <div class="input-search-keyword col-lg-7"> <input id="keyword" type="search" class="lar-searchtxt" onkeydown="inputKeydown()" placeholder="Rechercher dans l'encyclopédie..."/> </div> <div class="bt-search-keyword btn waves-light col-lg-4" OnClick="onSearch();"> <p>RECHERCHER</p><span class="icon-Search fontello"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="pub-pave oasm col-md-2"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="panel-dossiers col-md-8">   <div class="banner-title"> <hr class="line-left" /> <span class="fontello" ></span> <hr class="line-right" /> <p class="panel-title">A LA DÉCOUVERTE DE L'ENCYCLOPÉDIE LAROUSSE</p> </div>  <div class="zone-dossiers"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-4"> <article id="184314" class="item-mosaic"> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/%C3%A9lectricit%C3%A9/184314"> <div class="bkg"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1003264.jpg" class="img-mosaic" /> </div> <div class="inner"> <h2>ÉLECTRICITÉ</h2> <p> Le courant électrique est constitué par un déplacement d’électrons. Sa productio...</p> </div> </a> </article> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <article id="184621" class="item-mosaic"> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/consommation/184621"> <div class="bkg"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1314780.jpg" class="img-mosaic" /> </div> <div class="inner"> <h2>CONSOMMATION</h2> <p> Longtemps l’étude des problèmes liés à l’économie a été menée au point de vue de...</p> </div> </a> </article> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <article id="187117" class="item-mosaic"> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/impressionnisme/187117"> <div class="bkg"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1310222.jpg" class="img-mosaic" /> </div> <div class="inner"> <h2>IMPRESSIONNISME</h2> <p> L’impressionnisme est à la fois une tendance artistique et un mouvement apparus ...</p> </div> </a> </article> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-4"> <article id="184340" class="item-mosaic"> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/nutrition/184340"> <div class="bkg"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1006032.jpg" class="img-mosaic" /> </div> <div class="inner"> <h2>NUTRITION</h2> <p> Les appareils digestif, respiratoire et circulatoire contribuent à approvisionne...</p> </div> </a> </article> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <article id="184812" class="item-mosaic"> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/syst%C3%A8me_nerveux/184812"> <div class="bkg"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1001410.jpg" class="img-mosaic" /> </div> <div class="inner"> <h2>SYSTÈME NERVEUX</h2> <p> Les organismes vivants captent en permanence des informations en provenance de l...</p> </div> </a> </article> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <article id="187119" class="item-mosaic"> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/totalitarisme/187119"> <div class="bkg"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1310803.jpg" class="img-mosaic" /> </div> <div class="inner"> <h2>TOTALITARISME</h2> <p> La première apparition politique de la formule « État total » date vraisemblab...</p> </div> </a> </article> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-4"> <article id="184662" class="item-mosaic"> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/Afrique/184662"> <div class="bkg"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1314573.jpg" class="img-mosaic" /> </div> <div class="inner"> <h2>AFRIQUE</h2> <p> D’une superficie de 30 millions de km2 pour une population de 1,110 milliard d...</p> </div> </a> </article> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <article id="184616" class="item-mosaic"> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_mondiale/184616"> <div class="bkg"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1007636.jpg" class="img-mosaic" /> </div> <div class="inner"> <h2>PREMIÈRE GUERRE MONDIALE</h2> <p> De 1914 à 1918, ce conflit a opposé en deux systèmes d’alliance (Triple-Alliance...</p> </div> </a> </article> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <article id="184802" class="item-mosaic"> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/%C3%A9nergie/184802"> <div class="bkg"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1314642.jpg" class="img-mosaic" /> </div> <div class="inner"> <h2>ÉNERGIE</h2> <p> Les sources d’énergie utilisées dans le monde sont essentiellement des combustib...</p> </div> </a> </article> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-4"> <article id="184285" class="item-mosaic"> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/monde/184285"> <div class="bkg"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1314381.jpg" class="img-mosaic" /> </div> <div class="inner"> <h2>MONDE</h2> <p> L’océan mondial, qui regroupe mers et océans, constitue un ensemble liquide cont...</p> </div> </a> </article> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <article id="184813" class="item-mosaic"> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/vie/184813"> <div class="bkg"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1314751.jpg" class="img-mosaic" /> </div> <div class="inner"> <h2>VIE</h2> <p> Les êtres vivants se caractérisent par des activités spécifiques : lemétabolism...</p> </div> </a> </article> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <article id="184321" class="item-mosaic"> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise/184321"> <div class="bkg"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1009982.jpg" class="img-mosaic" /> </div> <div class="inner"> <h2>RÉVOLUTION FRANÇAISE</h2> <p> À la fin du XVIIIe siècle, la bourgeoisie, dont le rôle économique s’est accru,...</p> </div> </a> </article> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-4"> <article id="184313" class="item-mosaic"> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/immunit%C3%A9/184313"> <div class="bkg"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1002201.jpg" class="img-mosaic" /> </div> <div class="inner"> <h2>IMMUNITÉ</h2> <p> Résistance à un agent infectieux (microbes ou virus) ou toxique (venins et toxin...</p> </div> </a> </article> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <article id="184297" class="item-mosaic"> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/respiration/184297"> <div class="bkg"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1002056.jpg" class="img-mosaic" /> </div> <div class="inner"> <h2>RESPIRATION</h2> <p> À part quelques rares organismes vivant en anaérobie, tous les êtres vivants, qu...</p> </div> </a> </article> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <article id="184345" class="item-mosaic"> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/population/184345"> <div class="bkg"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1314892.jpg" class="img-mosaic" /> </div> <div class="inner"> <h2>POPULATION</h2> <p> Les sept milliards d’habitants de la Terre se répartissent de manière inégale su...</p> </div> </a> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="panel-selection">   <div class="banner-title"> <hr class="line-left" /> <span class="fontello" ></span> <hr class="line-right" /> <p class="panel-title">EN CE MOMENT</p> </div>  <div class="zone-selection"> <article> <a href="/encyclopedie/personnage/Rams%C3%A8s_II/140296"><div class="item-encyclo-visuel"><span class="bkg"></span><img class="img-responsive" src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1315041.jpg" title="Ramsès II, Temple d'Abu-Simbel" alt="Ramsès II, Temple d'Abu-Simbel" /></div><div class="item-encyclo-def"><h4><B>Ramsès II.</B> </h4><p>Troisième pharaon de la XIX<SUP>e</SUP> dynastie (1301-1236 avant J.-C.).</p></div></a> </article> <article> <a href="/encyclopedie/ville/Le_Mont-Saint-Michel_50116/133946"><div class="item-encyclo-visuel"><span class="bkg"></span><img class="img-responsive" src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1314566.jpg" title="Basse-Normandie, le Mont Saint-Michel" alt="Basse-Normandie, le Mont Saint-Michel" /></div><div class="item-encyclo-def"><h4><B>Mont-Saint-Michel</B> (Le) 50116. </h4><p>Commune de la Manche, sur un rocher granitique de près...</p></div></a> </article> <article> <a href="/encyclopedie/personnage/Jean-Luc_Godard/121647"><div class="item-encyclo-visuel"><span class="bkg"></span><img class="img-responsive" src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1316717.jpg" title="Jean-Luc Godard" alt="Jean-Luc Godard" /></div><div class="item-encyclo-def"><h4><B>Godard.</B> Jean-Luc <B>Godard.</B> </h4><p>Cinéaste français et suisse...</p></div></a> </article> <article> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/France_vie_politique_depuis_1958/186032"><div class="item-encyclo-visuel"><span class="bkg"></span><img class="img-responsive" src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1310777.jpg" title="Charles de Gaulle" alt="Charles de Gaulle" /></div><div class="item-encyclo-def"><h4><B>France.</B> </h4><p>Vie politique depuis 1958</p></div></a> </article> <article> <a href="/encyclopedie/vie-sauvage/m%C3%A9sange/184025"><div class="item-encyclo-visuel"><span class="bkg"></span><img class="img-responsive" src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1309594.jpg" title="Mésange" alt="Mésange" /></div><div class="item-encyclo-def"><h4><B>mésange.</B> <SMALL>[FAUNE]</SMALL> </h4><p>Les mésanges se sont répandues dans le monde entier il...</p></div></a> </article> <article> <a href="/encyclopedie/vie-sauvage/papillon_de_nuit/184570"><div class="item-encyclo-visuel"><span class="bkg"></span><img class="img-responsive" src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1310088.jpg" title="Papillon de nuit" alt="Papillon de nuit" /></div><div class="item-encyclo-def"><h4><B>papillon de nuit.</B> <SMALL>[FAUNE]</SMALL> </h4><p>La plupart des milliers d'espèces de papillons de nuit actuelles...</p></div></a> </article> <article> <a href="/encyclopedie/vie-sauvage/libellule/184826"><div class="item-encyclo-visuel"><span class="bkg"></span><img class="img-responsive" src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1310123.jpg" title="Libellule" alt="Libellule" /></div><div class="item-encyclo-def"><h4><B>libellule.</B> <SMALL>[FAUNE]</SMALL> </h4><p>Avec leurs superbes couleurs et leurs ailes en dentelle finement...</p></div></a> </article> <article> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/passereau/77342"><div class="item-encyclo-visuel"><span class="bkg"></span><img class="img-responsive" src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1000990.jpg" title="Colibri" alt="Colibri" /></div><div class="item-encyclo-def"><h4><B>passereau.</B> </h4><p>Petit oiseau, au cou court, souvent chanteur et nidifiant.</p></div></a> </article> </div> </div> <div class="panel-selection">   <div class="banner-title"> <hr class="line-left" /> <span class="fontello" ></span> <hr class="line-right" /> <p class="panel-title">Nos médias à découvrir</p> </div>  <div class="zone-discover"> <figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/Acanthe/1003172"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1003172-Acanthe.jpg" alt="Acanthe" title="Acanthe" /></a><figcaption>Acanthe</figcaption></figure><figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/A%C3%A9rosol/1000688"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1000688-A%c3%a9rosol.jpg" alt="Aérosol" title="Aérosol" /></a><figcaption>Aérosol</figcaption></figure><figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/Vol_%C3%A0_voile/1002332"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1002332-Vol_%c3%a0_voile.jpg" alt="Vol à voile" title="Vol à voile" /></a><figcaption>Vol à voile</figcaption></figure><figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/Abricotier/1000774"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1000774-Abricotier.jpg" alt="Abricotier" title="Abricotier" /></a><figcaption>Abricotier</figcaption></figure><figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/Alcuin/1315760"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1315760-Alcuin.jpg" alt="Alcuin" title="Alcuin" /></a><figcaption>Alcuin</figcaption></figure><figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/Alpinisme/1311879"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1311879-Alpinisme.jpg" alt="Alpinisme" title="Alpinisme" /></a><figcaption>Alpinisme</figcaption></figure><figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/Zeus/1002739"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1002739-Zeus.jpg" alt="Zeus" title="Zeus" /></a><figcaption>Zeus</figcaption></figure><figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/Alain/1310248"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1310248-Alain.jpg" alt="Alain" title="Alain" /></a><figcaption>Alain</figcaption></figure><figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/Agrigente/1314017"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1314017-Agrigente.jpg" alt="Agrigente" title="Agrigente" /></a><figcaption>Agrigente</figcaption></figure><figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/Zacatecas/1314426"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1314426-Zacatecas.jpg" alt="Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas" /></a><figcaption>Zacatecas</figcaption></figure><figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/Voltaire/1003840"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1003840-Voltaire.jpg" alt="Voltaire" title="Voltaire" /></a><figcaption>Voltaire</figcaption></figure><figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/Aboutages/1000910"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1000910-Aboutages.jpg" alt="Aboutages" title="Aboutages" /></a><figcaption>Aboutages</figcaption></figure> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="pub-bottom oasb"> </div>    <div class="footer"> <span class="footer-left"> <a href="/contenu/applications/applications_mobiles">Applications mobiles</a> <a href="/index">Index</a> <a href="/infos/credits">Mentions légales et crédits</a> <a href="/infos/cgu">CGU</a> <a href="/infos/cgv">CGV</a> <a href="/infos/confidentialite">Charte de confidentialité</a> <a class="optanon-show-settings">Cookies</a> <a href="/infos/contact">Contact</a> </span> <span class="footer-right"> <span>© Larousse</span> </span> </div>  </div> </body>      <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>     <script type="text/javascript" src="/library-web/slick/slick.min.js"></script>     <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-1"> //alert("CATEGORY-1: OK \nCookies strictement nécessaires"); //alert("OnetrustActiveGroups: [" + OnetrustActiveGroups +"]"); // // Set cookie [show payWall] (default value) //alert("optanon(CAT-1|START) : spwpoool_ = true (default value)"); setCookie('spwpoool_', 'true', 1); </script>  <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-2"> //alert("CATEGORY-2: OK \nCookies de performance "); //alert("OnetrustActiveGroups: [" + OnetrustActiveGroups +"]"); // //googleAnalytics(); //alert("googleAnalytics(): OK"); </script>  <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-3"> //alert("CATEGORY-3: OK \nCookies de fonctionnalité"); //alert("OnetrustActiveGroups: [" + OnetrustActiveGroups +"]"); // </script>  <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-4"> //alert("CATEGORY-4: OK \nCookies pour une publicité ciblée"); //alert("OnetrustActiveGroups: [" + OnetrustActiveGroups +"]"); // //alert("optanon(CAT-4|PUB) : Consent[OK]"); setCookie('laruserconsent_', 'true', 1); //alert("setCookie : laruserconsent_[true]"); disablePaywall(); initFirstID(); // //initSAStrigger(); // regispub: trigger Pub (body, etc...) via smartadserver //ads(); // regispub: themoneytizer //AdsEx(); // regispub: quantx(elasticad), Teads //alert("ads()-quantxAds(): OK"); </script>  <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-8"> //alert("CATEGORY-8: OK \nCookies réseaux sociaux"); //alert("OnetrustActiveGroups: [" + OnetrustActiveGroups +"]"); // //twitter(); // Box Twitter //facebook(); // Box facebook //googleplus(); // Box Google Plus //alert("twitter()-facebook()-googleplus(): OK"); </script>      <script id="poool-access" src="https://assets.poool.fr/access.min.js" async></script> <script> var access = null; const script_access = document.getElementById('poool-access'); script_access.addEventListener('load', function () { // var spwpoool_ = getCookie('spwpoool_'); if(window.location.toString().indexOf("/infos/") > 0) spwpoool_ = false; // Paywall & pageInfos(footer) // if (spwpoool_ == null || spwpoool_ == 'true') { //alert("spwpoool_[" + spwpoool_+"]: \n - createPaywall \n - poool-widget=show() + wrapper=blur(3) \n - event(Poool+oneTrust)"); access = Access.init('ILD4S-2S1MH-UGZ3J-1SEEH'); access.createPaywall({ target: '#poool-widget', content: '[data-poool]', mode: 'excerpt', percent: 80, pageType: 'premium', }); // Hide <#poool-widget> $("#poool-widget").show(); // wrapper -> blur(3) >>> flou $('.wrapper').css({ 'filter' : 'blur(3px)', '-webkit-filter' : 'blur(3px)', '-moz-filter' : 'blur(3px)', '-o-filter' : 'blur(3px)', '-ms-filter' : 'blur(3px)' }); // event back consent access.on('consent', function () { //alert("access.on('consent')"); // change Consent (accept All Cookie) ///////////////////////////////////// //OneTrust.AllowAll(); // => [OK] // Display Banner OneTrust (!niveau 2:setting!) /////////////////////////////////////////////// OneTrust.ToggleInfoDisplay(); // => [OK] OneTrust.OnConsentChanged(function () { //alert("OneTrust.OnConsentChanged => Value: [" + OnetrustActiveGroups + "]"); if (OnetrustActiveGroups.match(/,4,/) != null) { // consentement oneTrust: [OK] (OnetrustActiveGroups == 4) setCookie('laruserconsent_', 'true', 1); //alert("setCookie : laruserconsent_[true]"); // gestion First-ID initFirstID(); }else{ // consentement oneTrust: [KO] (OnetrustActiveGroups != 4) // (ré)activation paywall POOOL access.createPaywall({ target: '#poool-widget', content: '[data-poool]', mode: 'excerpt', percent: 80, pageType: 'premium', }); } }); }); }else{ // //alert("spwpoool_[false]: noPaywall"); } }); // function disablePaywall(){ //alert("disablePaywall(): \n - destroyPaywall(?) \n - poool-widget=hide() + wrapper=blur(0) \n - cookie spwpoool_: false"); // // Destroy Paywall (?) if(access){ //alert("access != null : destroyPaywall"); access.destroy(); } // //alert("- <div poool-widget>: hide() \n- <div wrapper>: blur(0)"); // Hide <#poool-widget> $("#poool-widget").hide(); // wrapper -> blur(0) >>> ok $('.wrapper').css({ 'filter' : 'none', '-webkit-filter' : 'none', '-moz-filter' : 'none', '-o-filter' : 'none', '-ms-filter' : 'none' }); // // Set cookie [hide payWall] //alert("cookie spwpoool_: false"); setCookie('spwpoool_', 'false', 1); } </script>  <script id="poool-subscribe" src="https://assets.poool-subscribe.fr/subscribe.js" async></script> <script> const script_subscribe = document.getElementById('poool-subscribe'); script_subscribe.addEventListener('load', function () { subscribe = Subscribe.init('ILD4S-2S1MH-UGZ3J-1SEEH'); subscribe.createAuthElement('signin-with-subscribe-button', { target: '#auth-widget-topbar' }); subscribe.createAuthElement('signin-with-subscribe-button', { target: '#auth-widget-menuburger' }); //subscribe.config('debug', true); // Appel ( async / await) ///////////////////////// async function getUserDatas() { const user = await subscribe.getUser(); //[KO] user => undefined //alert("user info: " + user // + "\nid_subscription: " + user.subscription.subscriptionId // + "\nstatus: " + user.subscription.status // + "\ncreatedAt: " + user.subscription.createdAt); if(user != undefined && user.subscription != null && user.subscription.status == "active"){ //alert("status == active : subscribe[OK]"); $("#auth-widget-topbar").css("margin-top", "12px"); // alignement infoUSer (topbar) disablePaywall(); }else{ // //alert("access[null] OR subscribe[KO]: keepContext"); } } getUserDatas(); }); </script>     <script src="https://cdn.first-id.fr/sdk/loader/loader.min.js"></script>   <script> // function initFirstID() { // //alert("gestion first-ID"); console.log('version/call first-ID') // window.firstId = window.firstId || { callbacks: [], // callbacks to execute when the SDK is loaded debug: false, // if you want to see the logs of the SDK cookieName: 'firstid', // the name of the cookie where you put the First-id value after the gate redirect // User hashed email value emailCookieName: 'hashed_email', // the name of the cookie where we can find the hashed email value after the user login emailHashed: null, // OR the hashed email value of the user if you have it before the SDK initialization emailGetterCallback: null, // OR a callback to get the hashed email value of the user refreshCookieName: 'firstid_refresh', // the name of the cookie that SDK create to tell you to make a redirect to our gate to resync the First-id value }; // // callbacks to execute when the SDK is loaded window.firstId.callbacks.push(() => { console.log('First-id SDK loaded. #1') //alert('[First-id callbacks]: SDK loaded. #1'); }); // // callback to get the First-id value window.firstId.callbacks.push(() => { console.log('First-id SDK loaded #2') //alert('[First-id callbacks]: SDK loaded. #2'); try { var _firstID = FIRSTID.getId(); // you can access to the First-id SDK with the global variable "FIRSTID", this method return the First-id value console.log('First-id cookie: ' + _firstID) //alert('First-id cookie: ' + _firstID); } catch (e) { if (e.code === 'FirstIdCookieNotFound') { console.log('FirstID cookie not found'); //alert('[First-id callbacks]: FirstID cookie not found'); } } }); } </script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/library-web/larcom/masterpage/js/masterpage.js"></script>  </html>

CINXE.COM

Encyclopédie Larousse en ligne - Accueil