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mb-4"><h1 data-testid="article-title" class="mb-2 font-lct text-4xl font-bold !leading-[1.3] tracking-[-0.045rem] text-gray-850 md:px-6 md:text-10xl">Why Trump’s bid for recess appointments is so unprecedented</h1><div class="mb-6 md:px-6 min-h-[50px] text-gray-850 mt-4 space-y-4 md:flex md:flex-wrap md:space-y-0" data-testid="article-authors-list-component"><div class="flex items-center"><img class="flex-shrink-0 rounded-full" src="/assets-web2/default-BSkyYMCQ.png" width="50" height="50"/><div class="flex flex-col flex-wrap pl-2"><div class="font-public-sans text-xs font-normal leading-6 text-gray-650"><span data-testid="article-published-time">Published Sat, Nov 16, 2024 · 11:46 AM</span></div></div></div></div><div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between border-b border-t border-gray-250 py-3 md:mx-6 md:mb-6 md:py-4"><div data-testid="article-keyword-filter-first" class="w-full"><div data-testid="article-top-keyword" class="p-3 inline-block w-full bg-transparent !p-0 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md:px-8">(First row from left) Elon Musk, Vivek Ramaswamy, Susie Wiles, Pete Hegseth. (Second row from left) Thomas Homan, Elise Stefanik, John Ratcliffe, Mike Waltz. (From bottom left) Marco Rubio, Lee Zeldin, Stephen Miller, Kristi Noem are all nominees raised by Donald Trump. PHOTO: AFP</div></div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="body-content tracking-tighter mb-6 mt-4 font-lucida text-lg font-medium leading-normal tracking-[-0.05625rem] text-gray-850 antialiased md:px-8 md:text-xl" data-testid="article-paragraphs-component"><div class="relative mb-4 md:mb-6"><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">SCHOOLCHILDREN can’t wait for recess. The US Senate goes to great lengths to avoid it.</p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">A recess, for the Senate, means giving up power to the president — especially the power they share under the Constitution to make appointments to key executive posts, including the president’s cabinet.</p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">President-elect Donald Trump is asking the incoming Senate, which will be controlled by his Republican Party, to temporarily go out of session once he’s inaugurated Jan 20 so that he can jam through nominations in what are known as recess appointments. </p><div class="my-8 md:my-12 w-screen bg-gray-125 transition-all duration-300 border-gray-175 min-h-0 border-y-0 bg-none py-0" style="max-width:0px;margin-left:calc(-1*(0px - 100%) / 2 );height:0"><div data-component="component-container" class="container px-3 sticky top-[120px]"><div class="relative mx-auto w-full md:w-10/12 md:px-8 lg:w-8/12"><div class="text-center text-center" data-testid="advertisement-element"><div id="dfp-ad-imu1" class="adunit-component"></div></div></div></div></div><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">Though such appointments are legal and were once common, Trump’s attempt to make a wholesale end-run around the Senate’s time-honoured role is unprecedented in modern history.</p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component"><b class="font-bold">What is a recess appointment?</b></p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">The US Constitution empowers the president to appoint judges, ambassadors, and other top officials “by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate.” </p><div class="py-10 md:-mx-8"><div class="mb-6 border border-gray-175 p-6 md:p-8"><div class="" data-component="generic-newsletter"><h5 class="mb-6 border-b border-gray-850 pb-2 !font-poppins text-base font-semibold uppercase leading-normal tracking-5% text-gray-850 md:text-lg">BT in your inbox</h5><div class="flex py-3 md:px-10 md:py-6"><img alt="Newsletter Img" class="hidden h-auto max-w-full self-start min-[321px]:block" width="75" height="75" src="/assets-web2/generic_newsletter-CGny2zps.png"/><div class="min-[321px]:pl-4 md:pl-6"><p role="description" class="mb-3 font-public-sans text-base font-light tracking-normal text-gray-850 md:text-lg">Start and end each day with the latest news stories and analyses delivered straight to your inbox.</p><div class="relative hidden w-full md:block md:w-4/5 lg:w-7/10 xl:w-6/10"><div class="relative"><button data-size="md" type="button" class="!outline-none focus-within:outline-none focus:outline-none outline-0 focus-within:outline-0 focus:outline-0 flex cursor-pointer items-center justify-center whitespace-nowrap rounded-full border border-solid border-gray-175 text-center !font-poppins text-gray-850 transition-all duration-150 hover:border-gray-850 data-[size=lg]:h-[68px] data-[size=md]:h-[42px] data-[size=sm]:h-[36px] font-semibold text-xs tracking-[0.02em] w-full min-w-[155px] bg-transparent px-0 py-0 hover:bg-transparent md:max-w-[155px]" data-rac="" id="react-aria-:Rbabcoodcscu5:">Sign Up</button></div></div></div></div><div class="relative block w-full md:hidden "><div class="relative"><button data-size="md" type="button" class="!outline-none focus-within:outline-none focus:outline-none outline-0 focus-within:outline-0 focus:outline-0 flex cursor-pointer items-center justify-center whitespace-nowrap rounded-full border border-solid border-gray-175 text-center !font-poppins text-gray-850 transition-all duration-150 hover:border-gray-850 data-[size=lg]:h-[68px] data-[size=md]:h-[42px] data-[size=sm]:h-[36px] font-semibold text-xs tracking-[0.02em] w-full min-w-[155px] bg-transparent px-0 py-0 hover:bg-transparent md:max-w-[155px]" data-rac="" id="react-aria-:Rnbcoodcscu5:">Sign Up</button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="w-screen bg-gray-125 transition-all duration-300 border-gray-175 min-h-0 border-y-0 bg-none py-0" style="max-width:0px;margin-left:calc(-1*(0px - 100%) / 2 );height:0"><div data-component="component-container" class="container px-3 sticky top-[120px]"><div class="relative mx-auto w-full md:w-10/12 md:px-8 lg:w-8/12"><div class="text-center text-center" data-testid="advertisement-element"><div id="dfp-ad-midarticlespecial" class="adunit-component my-8 md:my-12"></div></div></div></div></div><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">But the 18th century founders of the country were worried that long travel times might make it difficult for senators to return to the capital to fill that role. So they added a failsafe: they gave the president the power to fill “all vacancies” during a Senate recess, with the provision that the commission expires at the end of the Senate’s next session, which in this case would mean in January 2027 at the latest.</p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component"><b class="font-bold">Why does Trump want a recess?</b></p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">Days after securing his election to a second presidency, Trump said in a post on his social media outlet Truth Social, “We need positions filled IMMEDIATELY!” He charged that Senate votes on appointments sometimes “can take two years, or more” — which is inaccurate, given that if a nomination hasn’t been approved by the end of a two-year Senate session it automatically expires and that most languishing nominees withdraw long before that. </p><div class="mb-6 mt-8 border border-gray-175 p-6 md:-mx-8 md:mt-0 md:p-8" data-testid="article-read-more"><div><div class="mb-6 border-b border-gray-850 pb-2 !font-poppins text-base font-semibold leading-normal tracking-5% text-gray-850 md:text-lg">SEE ALSO</div><div data-testid="section-article-read-more"><div class="mb-6" data-testid="article-read-more-items"><div data-testid="basic-card" data-cueid="5355076" class="relative flex flex-wrap items-start gap-4"><div class="relative flex order-1 flex-shrink-0 w-[70px] lg:w-[90px]"><div class="flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-250 w-full"><div class="w-full" style="position:relative"><a rel="noopener" href="/companies-markets/banking-finance/trump-team-backs-hegseth-pentagon-amid-report-police-probe" target="_blank"><picture><source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/8c9c46b13c12c7bc81b3974df38b4db42ccc7ca5f83e85f44602e70514a40c45?w=180&h=120&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/8c9c46b13c12c7bc81b3974df38b4db42ccc7ca5f83e85f44602e70514a40c45?w=140&h=100&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/8c9c46b13c12c7bc81b3974df38b4db42ccc7ca5f83e85f44602e70514a40c45?w=300&h=200&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><img src="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/8c9c46b13c12c7bc81b3974df38b4db42ccc7ca5f83e85f44602e70514a40c45?q=20&w=3&h=2&f=webp" loading="lazy" alt="Donald Trump nominated Pete Hegseth (left) as part of his push to fill major administration posts quickly. Trump’s cabinet picks show that he prizes loyalty over experience and is fuelled by retribution. " class="w-full aspect-3x2"/></picture></a></div></div></div><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col w-full-120px lg:w-2/3 order-2 text-white"><h3 class="_title_d4ajx_12 !text-base my-0 leading-[1.3rem] tracking-normal !font-lct" data-testid="title_link_5355076"><a class="inherit word-break hover:underline !text-gray-850" rel="noopener" title="Trump team backs Hegseth for Pentagon amid report on police probe" href="/companies-markets/banking-finance/trump-team-backs-hegseth-pentagon-amid-report-police-probe" target="_blank">Trump team backs Hegseth for Pentagon amid report on police probe</a></h3></div></div></div><div class="mb-6" data-testid="article-read-more-items"><div data-testid="basic-card" data-cueid="5355009" class="relative flex flex-wrap items-start gap-4"><div class="relative flex order-1 flex-shrink-0 w-[70px] lg:w-[90px]"><div class="flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-250 w-full"><div class="w-full" style="position:relative"><a rel="noopener" href="/companies-markets/banking-finance/musks-political-ascendancy-stirs-hopes-banks-incurred-us13-billion-debt-purchasing-x" target="_blank"><picture><source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/3da335c0c21c37c34027f660c373c67fa387c03f632d0ec68ee8d3011021c672?w=180&h=120&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/3da335c0c21c37c34027f660c373c67fa387c03f632d0ec68ee8d3011021c672?w=140&h=100&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/3da335c0c21c37c34027f660c373c67fa387c03f632d0ec68ee8d3011021c672?w=300&h=200&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><img src="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/3da335c0c21c37c34027f660c373c67fa387c03f632d0ec68ee8d3011021c672?q=20&w=3&h=2&f=webp" loading="lazy" alt="Some lenders in the consortium, which included Morgan Stanley and Bank of America, think Elon Musk’s emergence as a close aide to Republican President-elect Donald Trump could boost the prospects of X, sources said. " class="w-full aspect-3x2"/></picture></a></div></div></div><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col w-full-120px lg:w-2/3 order-2 text-white"><h3 class="_title_d4ajx_12 !text-base my-0 leading-[1.3rem] tracking-normal !font-lct" data-testid="title_link_5355009"><a class="inherit word-break hover:underline !text-gray-850" rel="noopener" title="Musk’s political ascendancy stirs hopes for banks that incurred US$13 billion debt purchasing X" href="/companies-markets/banking-finance/musks-political-ascendancy-stirs-hopes-banks-incurred-us13-billion-debt-purchasing-x" target="_blank">Musk’s political ascendancy stirs hopes for banks that incurred US$13 billion debt purchasing X</a></h3></div></div></div><div class="mb-6" data-testid="article-read-more-items"><div data-testid="basic-card" data-cueid="5354882" class="relative flex flex-wrap items-start gap-4"><div class="relative flex order-1 flex-shrink-0 w-[70px] lg:w-[90px]"><div class="flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-250 w-full"><div class="w-full" style="position:relative"><a rel="noopener" href="/international/apec-summit-under-trumps-shadow-xi-and-biden-signal-turbulence-ahead" target="_blank"><picture><source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/6336b026327006ddcb37fa0c9711702948f4cc01871d03f33743703d3c2824c4?w=180&h=120&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/6336b026327006ddcb37fa0c9711702948f4cc01871d03f33743703d3c2824c4?w=140&h=100&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/6336b026327006ddcb37fa0c9711702948f4cc01871d03f33743703d3c2824c4?w=300&h=200&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><img src="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/6336b026327006ddcb37fa0c9711702948f4cc01871d03f33743703d3c2824c4?q=20&w=3&h=2&f=webp" loading="lazy" alt="China President Xi Jinping and US President Joe Biden, who will hold their last, official face-to-face on Saturday, warned separately of choppy waters as the world braces for the prospect of fresh trade wars after Donald Trump assumes the US presidency in January." class="w-full aspect-3x2"/></picture></a></div></div></div><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col w-full-120px lg:w-2/3 order-2 text-white"><h3 class="_title_d4ajx_12 !text-base my-0 leading-[1.3rem] tracking-normal !font-lct" data-testid="title_link_5354882"><a class="inherit word-break hover:underline !text-gray-850" rel="noopener" title="At Apec summit under Trump’s shadow, Xi and Biden signal turbulence ahead" href="/international/apec-summit-under-trumps-shadow-xi-and-biden-signal-turbulence-ahead" target="_blank">At Apec summit under Trump’s shadow, Xi and Biden signal turbulence ahead</a></h3></div></div></div></div><div data-testid="section-related-stories" class="overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300" style="height:0"><div class="mb-6" data-testid="article-read-more-items"><div data-testid="basic-card" data-cueid="5354855" class="relative flex flex-wrap items-start gap-4"><div class="relative flex order-1 flex-shrink-0 w-[70px] lg:w-[90px]"><div class="flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-250 w-full"><div class="w-full" style="position:relative"><a rel="noopener" href="/international/democratic-senators-ask-pentagon-us-attorney-general-probe-musks-alleged-russia-calls" target="_blank"><picture><source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/3bf0319fa512b5cb2e4c5ff7aee2b6b4a865a2327b1c890a04057473fdc5b8e1?w=180&h=120&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/3bf0319fa512b5cb2e4c5ff7aee2b6b4a865a2327b1c890a04057473fdc5b8e1?w=140&h=100&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/3bf0319fa512b5cb2e4c5ff7aee2b6b4a865a2327b1c890a04057473fdc5b8e1?w=300&h=200&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><img src="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/3bf0319fa512b5cb2e4c5ff7aee2b6b4a865a2327b1c890a04057473fdc5b8e1?q=20&w=3&h=2&f=webp" loading="lazy" alt="Last month, the Wall Street Journal reported Elon Musk has had multiple conversations with Russian officials including Putin and his first deputy chief of staff Sergei Kiriyenko, citing unnamed US, European and Russian officials. " class="w-full aspect-3x2"/></picture></a></div></div></div><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col w-full-120px lg:w-2/3 order-2 text-white"><h3 class="_title_d4ajx_12 !text-base my-0 leading-[1.3rem] tracking-normal !font-lct" data-testid="title_link_5354855"><a class="inherit word-break hover:underline !text-gray-850" rel="noopener" title="Democratic senators ask Pentagon, US attorney general to probe Musk‘s alleged Russia calls" href="/international/democratic-senators-ask-pentagon-us-attorney-general-probe-musks-alleged-russia-calls" target="_blank">Democratic senators ask Pentagon, US attorney general to probe Musk‘s alleged Russia calls</a></h3></div></div></div><div class="mb-6" data-testid="article-read-more-items"><div data-testid="basic-card" data-cueid="5353415" class="relative flex flex-wrap items-start gap-4"><div class="relative flex order-1 flex-shrink-0 w-[70px] lg:w-[90px]"><div class="flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-250 w-full"><div class="w-full" style="position:relative"><a rel="noopener" href="/international/citigroup-warns-trumps-policies-may-slow-growth-emerging-markets" target="_blank"><picture><source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/8b601a1db3953d3018cda5fc9efff22b370899d05073a10d72268e34c2e132a9?w=180&h=120&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/8b601a1db3953d3018cda5fc9efff22b370899d05073a10d72268e34c2e132a9?w=140&h=100&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/8b601a1db3953d3018cda5fc9efff22b370899d05073a10d72268e34c2e132a9?w=300&h=200&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><img src="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/8b601a1db3953d3018cda5fc9efff22b370899d05073a10d72268e34c2e132a9?q=20&w=3&h=2&f=webp" loading="lazy" alt="FILE PHOTO: Former U.S. President and Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump and U.S. Representative Elise Stefanik (R-NY) attend a rally ahead of the New Hampshire primary election in Concord, New Hampshire, U.S. January 19, 2024. REUTERS/Elizabeth Frantz/File Photo" class="w-full aspect-3x2"/></picture></a></div></div></div><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col w-full-120px lg:w-2/3 order-2 text-white"><h3 class="_title_d4ajx_12 !text-base my-0 leading-[1.3rem] tracking-normal !font-lct" data-testid="title_link_5353415"><a class="inherit word-break hover:underline !text-gray-850" rel="noopener" title="Citigroup warns Trump's policies may slow growth in emerging markets" href="/international/citigroup-warns-trumps-policies-may-slow-growth-emerging-markets" target="_blank">Citigroup warns Trump's policies may slow growth in emerging markets</a></h3></div></div></div><div class="mb-6" data-testid="article-read-more-items"><div data-testid="basic-card" data-cueid="5352569" class="relative flex flex-wrap items-start gap-4"><div class="relative flex order-1 flex-shrink-0 w-[70px] lg:w-[90px]"><div class="flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-250 w-full"><div class="w-full" style="position:relative"><a rel="noopener" href="/international/asean/trumps-pick-rubio-trouble-ahead-aseans-economic-powerhouse-dreams" target="_blank"><picture><source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/5cbb62adbed5c35a3f75e9a29c944d5a1d8e847a0939358ed0262345074cfc63?w=180&h=120&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/5cbb62adbed5c35a3f75e9a29c944d5a1d8e847a0939358ed0262345074cfc63?w=140&h=100&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/5cbb62adbed5c35a3f75e9a29c944d5a1d8e847a0939358ed0262345074cfc63?w=300&h=200&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><img src="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/5cbb62adbed5c35a3f75e9a29c944d5a1d8e847a0939358ed0262345074cfc63?q=20&w=3&h=2&f=webp" loading="lazy" alt="Most of Marco Rubio's (right) public remarks made on X regarding South-east Asia are disappointingly in relation to China. " class="w-full aspect-3x2"/></picture></a></div></div></div><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col w-full-120px lg:w-2/3 order-2 text-white"><h3 class="_title_d4ajx_12 !text-base my-0 leading-[1.3rem] tracking-normal !font-lct" data-testid="title_link_5352569"><a class="inherit word-break hover:underline !text-gray-850" rel="noopener" title="Trump’s pick of Rubio: trouble ahead for Asean’s economic powerhouse dreams?" href="/international/asean/trumps-pick-rubio-trouble-ahead-aseans-economic-powerhouse-dreams" target="_blank">Trump’s pick of Rubio: trouble ahead for Asean’s economic powerhouse dreams?</a></h3></div></div></div></div><div class="w-full"><div class="cursor-pointer place-self-center border-t border-gray-175 pt-3 text-right !font-poppins text-base font-semibold capitalize tracking-normal !text-gray-850 [@media(hover:hover)]:hover:underline">More</div></div></div></div><div class="my-8 md:my-12 w-screen bg-gray-125 transition-all duration-300 border-gray-175 min-h-0 border-y-0 bg-none py-0" style="max-width:0px;margin-left:calc(-1*(0px - 100%) / 2 );height:0"><div data-component="component-container" class="container px-3 sticky top-[120px]"><div class="mx-auto w-full md:w-10/12 md:px-8 lg:w-8/12"><div class="text-center text-center" data-testid="advertisement-element"><div id="dfp-ad-imu2" class="adunit-component"></div></div></div></div></div><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">Still, it’s true that recess appointments would bypass a confirmation process that has grown longer over time. </p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">President Joe Biden’s initial cabinet members faced an average wait of 32 days, up from same-day confirmations a generation ago. Trump’s more controversial nominations — including Matt Gaetz for attorney general, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. for Secretary of Health and Human Services, and Pete Hegseth for Secretary of Defence — are in danger of being stalled indefinitely or rejected outright. </p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component"><b class="font-bold">How likely is the Senate to agree to a recess?</b></p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">It would take a majority vote to call a recess. When the new Senate convenes Jan 3, Republicans will control 53 of the 100 seats, with Vice President-elect JD Vance, who will also serve as president of the Senate, able to cast tie-breaking votes. </p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">But the party isn’t uniformly behind Trump on this. Senator John Thune — who was chosen to lead Republicans in the Senate over Rick Scott, the favorite of billionaire Trump benefactor Elon Musk — told Fox News that he preferred to install presidential nominees “the regular way.” </p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">Thune left open the possibility of recess appointments should Democrats use procedural tactics to block nominations. But he added that if Trump nominees also faced opposition from Republicans, those same senators would likely object to a recess as well.</p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component"><b class="font-bold">What if the Senate refuses to recess?</b></p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">Trump has another option: He can try to force the Senate to adjourn with the help of the House of Representatives, which Republicans will also control in January. Under the Constitution, one chamber can’t adjourn for more than three days without the consent of the other. </p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">But if the House wants to adjourn and the Senate doesn’t, the president “may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper.” While Trump has considerable influence over Republican House members, his party’s majority there is razor thin, and a handful of Republicans could join with all Democrats to block a recess. </p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component"><b class="font-bold">How common are recess appointments?</b></p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">They used to be routine. But as with many things in Washington, they’ve come to be seen through a partisan lens because of political polarisation and the breakdown in trust between the two major parties. “This is not a phenomenon unique to Trump,” said Anne Cizmar, an Eastern Kentucky University professor who studies presidential appointments. </p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">A turning point came during the presidency of Democrat Barack Obama, when the Senate began using so-called pro-forma sessions to block his recess appointment power. </p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">This involves a senator — usually a junior senator of the majority party from a state close to Washington DC — coming to the Capitol, banging a gavel, and immediately adjourning the chamber. </p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">The session, which takes less than a minute, is long enough for the Senate to say it’s theoretically able to conduct business — a tactic that can block both recess appointments and a presidential “pocket veto,” which is a veto when Congress is out of session that can’t be overridden. </p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">In early 2012, between two such sessions, Obama tried to install four nominees — three at the National Labor Relations Board and one at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau as recess appointments. </p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">In 2014, the Supreme Court decided in National Labor Relations Board vs. Noel Canning that the Senate was not in recess and the appointments were invalid.</p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component"><b class="font-bold">Can senators block appointments using the filibuster?</b></p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">The filibuster is a prerogative rooted in Senate rules to demand never-ending debate in the chamber. While it can be deployed to thwart legislation, since 2013 senators have only been able to use it to slow, not stop, the confirmation of presidential nominees.</p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component"><b class="font-bold">How many recess appointments could Trump make?</b></p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">There are 1,093 presidential appointments in the executive branch that require Senate confirmation, from the Secretary of State to members of the volunteer board of the Morris Udall Scholarship Foundation. </p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">Recess appointments could be used to fill all of them — and possibly the 45 judicial vacancies now pending. </p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">The tradeoff: those appointed during a recess can serve two years at most unless confirmed or extended by another recess appointment — perhaps limiting their effectiveness in the long run. “For Trump, probably installing the person you want to do things immediately is more important than the longevity of the person,” Cizmar said. BLOOMBERG</p></div><div class="mb-6 border-t border-gray-175"><section class="mx-auto my-4 w-full" data-testid="article-purchase-link-component"><section class="mx-auto flex w-full flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-4 lg:gap-0 lg:px-3" data-testid="article-purchase-link-version-2-component"><p class="mb-0 font-public-sans text-xs tracking-normal">Share with us your feedback on BT's products and services</p><div class="flex flex-wrap"><a class="!outline-none focus-within:outline-none focus:outline-none outline-0 focus-within:outline-0 focus:outline-0 flex cursor-pointer items-center justify-center whitespace-nowrap rounded-full border border-solid border-gray-175 text-center !font-poppins text-gray-850 transition-all duration-150 hover:border-gray-850 data-[size=lg]:h-[68px] data-[size=md]:h-[42px] data-[size=sm]:h-[36px] font-semibold text-xs tracking-[0.02em] w-fit-content px-6 !text-gray-850 !no-underline" href="https://subscribe.sph.com.sg/contact-us/" target="_blank" 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