COLUMN: EXIT, PURSUED BY A BEAR - Newspaper

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What followed — an unprecedented refugee crisis; horrific violence, especially against women; and a subsequent land and power grab — was narrated in the fiction of Saadat Hasan Manto, Qurratulain Hyder and Zulfikar Ghose among others. I want to extrapolate one strand from the independence and Partition story: the ménage à trois between India’s first prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru, the last viceroy of India Louis ‘Dickie’ Mountbatten, and Edwina Mountbatten. </p><p class="">In her BBC film <em>Viceroy’s House</em>, Gurinder Chadha somehow turns the spicy relationship between these powerful individuals into bland fare. Through casting alone, viewers are forced to like Mountbatten, as he is played by Hugh Bonneville, previously known as the affable father in 2014’s <em>Paddington</em>. Part-way through Viceroy’s House, the Mountbattens’ daughter Pamela (Lily Travers) receives an invitation to be a bridesmaid at the wedding of Princess Elizabeth to Mountbatten’s nephew Philip — thus tapping into the popularity of the recent Netflix series <em>The Crown</em>. And who could dislike Gillian Anderson who, for years, was a televisual fixture as the X-Files’s Dana Scully? Anderson’s Edwina evinces pluck, compassion and humour, making for one of the film’s strongest performances. Less convincing is Tanveer Ghani’s Nehru, since his mellifluous cockney tones chime more with the wonderful British-Asian poet Daljit Nagra performing ‘Singh Song!’ than the prime minister delivering his ‘Tryst with Destiny’ speech. </p><p class="">Although the film’s politics are fatally flawed in their tilt towards the Mountbattens, Nehru and India, there are some moving scenes about Partition. Genuine newsreel footage of shrouded corpses and human caravans are interspersed with images of the white actors visiting refugee camps. Edwina gives rousing speeches and works through the night to help malnourished children and cholera victims. This accords with the historical record regarding her energetic relief work, although the film presents it amidst troubling white saviour discourse. Edwina blossomed in India, finding purpose away from Britain’s social whirl. Yet, aside from a few wistful glances and admiring words that pass between Nehru and Edwina, the film conveys no suggestion of the affair in which the pair were embroiled in 1947. </p><p class="">One reason for the film’s bias is Chadha’s reliance on the book <em>Freedom at Midnight (1975)</em> written by Mountbatten’s ‘pet historians’ Dominique Lapierre and Larry Collins. Chadha lifts scenes directly from Collins and Lapierre, including the comic moment when servants bring Edwina’s Sealyham terriers slices of fine chicken breast, and rationing-deprived Edwina throws herself on the dogs’ food. Another flash of levity comes when M. K. Gandhi offers Mountbatten a taste of his unappetising, abstemious meal of goat’s milk curd. The opulence and pomp of, and breathtaking labour employed at <em>Viceroy’s House</em> are also emphasised in the book and film. Finally, both represent Edwina and Nehru’s ‘friendship’ euphemistically and downplay the recklessness of Mountbatten’s haste to effect British withdrawal in weeks rather than months. </p><p class="">A more up-to-date and suggestive source text would be Alex von Tunzelmann’s <em>Indian Summer: The Secret History of the End of an Empire</em> (2007) that quotes politician Yahya Bakhtiar as saying: “Nehru in those days was having a roaring love affair with Lady Mountbatten … said to be with the tacit approval of Mountbatten.” The pair formed an immediate connection and loved each other for 13 years until Edwina’s death at 58. Their affair went long-distance once Edwina returned to England, but she still spent time with Nehru at least once a year. The precise nature of their relationship would have caused scandal, if not outright war, had it been broadcast. Mountbatten knew, it is said, but he adored Edwina and so indulged her affection for a politician he admired. The Mountbattens’ marriage was strained during the viceroyalty, though, and they came close to divorce. Mountbatten had his own girlfriend, but was reportedly more interested in genealogy than romance. </p><p class="">In her 1954 memoir <em>Prison and Chocolate Cake</em>, Nehru’s niece Nayantara Sahgal explains that her parents sent her to an American university because India under British rule was “a vast concentration camp.” This devastating view flies in the face of Chadha’s, Collins’s, and Lapierre’s Raj nostalgia. Sahgal further claims she was taught only propaganda at school, including “[l]urid accounts” of Indian atrocities and whitewashing of British colonial violence. Ten to 15 years before Edwina’s brief flurry of activity, Sahgal’s mother (Nehru’s sister) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit was doing tireless charity work in between multiple stints in jail. For Sahgal, Nehru was “Mamu,” an affectionate, witty and wise uncle rather than a distant politician and premier. Only at the memoir’s end does she warmly introduce the Mountbattens: “no longer the governor general and his lady … [but individuals] of infinite charm.”</p><p class="">In Bapsi Sidhwa’s <em>Ice Candy Man</em> (1988) the Pakistani Parsi author allows most of the nationalist leaders and their parties to make cameos on her novelistic canvas. The political world is filtered through the characters’ perspectives and functions at the level of gossip. This, in conjunction with the child’s-eye view of protagonist Lenny, leads to irreverence. Sidhwa repeats the well-known hearsay about Nehru’s affair with Edwina. He is portrayed as an Anglicised dandy who cynically charms the British to capture Kashmir. </p><p class="">An Indian writer who fictionalised the Nehru-Mountbatten relationship is author, former diplomat and member of parliament Shashi Tharoor. In his <em>The Great Indian Novel</em> (1989), Mountbatten is satirised as glamorous, wealthy, but “shallower than the River Punpun in drought.” The Edwina character, Georgina Drewpad, is a promiscuous socialite whom her husband describes as his “secret weapon” in negotiating with Indian delegations. At Tharoor’s hand, Nehru becomes a blind politician whose passionate “coupling” with Georgina inspires his plea to the United Nations for the disputed Muslim-majority state of “Manimir.” </p><p class="">As such, Tharoor follows historians such as Von Tunzelmann and novelists such as Sidhwa in suggesting that Nehru’s close relationship with the Mountbattens contributed to India’s possession of Kashmir. According to Tharoor, viceroy Mountbatten had one job: “to exit, pursued by a bear.” As we have seen, this bear was made more fearsome by Mountbatten’s hubristic exit velocity and his wife’s infatuation with India’s first prime minister.</p><p class="">The columnist teaches global literature at the University of York and is the author of Britain Through Muslim Eyes: Literary Representations, 1780-1988</p><p class=""><em>Published in Dawn, Books & Authors, August 13th, 2017</em></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="template__footer modifier--open "> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1"> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-11"> <div class="ml-0 ml-sm-6 px-0 px-sm-2"> <hr> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6"> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="mt-2 mt-sm-0 clearfix social-container">  <div class="social social--icon social--black social--flat social--facebook 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src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403im_/https://i.dawn.com/medium/2017/08/59925dcc28dfc.jpg" alt="In the heart of Rawalpindi, Indians and Pakistanis remember their pre-Partition homes"/></a></div> </figure> <div class="clearfix"></div>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1351529" class="story__title "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351529/in-the-heart-of-rawalpindi-indians-and-pakistanis-remember-their-pre-partition-homes" class="story__link">In the heart of Rawalpindi, Indians and Pakistanis remember their pre-Partition homes</a></h2>  <div class="story__excerpt size-three ">Not many know that Rawalpindi was one of the starting points of the massacres during Partition. </div> </article>  </div> </div><div class="clear-both"> </div></div> <div class=" slideshow--list slideshow--mustread col-sm-8 col-12 float-left mt-2"> <div class="clear-both"> <div class="slideshow--row__item active pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="0" style="float:left;width:24%;margin-right:1.3333333333333%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1351687" data-layout="story">  <figure class="media media--focus media--stretch col-sm-12 col-3 mr-sm-0 mr-2 float-sm-none px-0 "> <div class="media__item media__item--100 "><a title="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351687/of-problematic-constitutional-articles-that-remove-heads-of-governments"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403im_/https://i.dawn.com/medium/2017/08/5992732b4657d.jpg" alt="Of problematic constitutional articles that remove heads of governments"/></a></div> </figure>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1351687" class="story__title py-0"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351687/of-problematic-constitutional-articles-that-remove-heads-of-governments" class="story__link">Of problematic constitutional articles that remove heads of governments</a></h2> <div class=" mt-1"><span class="story__byline size-three text--black "></span> </div></article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="1" style="float:left;width:24%;margin-right:1.3333333333333%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1351685" data-layout="story">  <figure class="media media--focus media--stretch col-sm-12 col-3 mr-sm-0 mr-2 float-sm-none px-0 "> <div class="media__item media__item--100 "><a title="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351685/editorial-kashmiris-can-no-longer-be-made-to-suffer-for-the-wrong-in-pak-india-ties"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403im_/https://i.dawn.com/medium/2017/08/5992683733924.jpg" alt="Editorial: Kashmiris can no longer be made to suffer for the wrong in Pak-India ties"/></a></div> </figure>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1351685" class="story__title py-0"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351685/editorial-kashmiris-can-no-longer-be-made-to-suffer-for-the-wrong-in-pak-india-ties" class="story__link">Editorial: Kashmiris can no longer be made to suffer for the wrong in Pak-India ties</a></h2> <div class=" mt-1"><span class="story__byline size-three text--black "></span> </div></article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="2" style="float:left;width:24%;margin-right:1.3333333333333%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1351699" data-layout="story">  <figure class="media media--focus media--stretch col-sm-12 col-3 mr-sm-0 mr-2 float-sm-none px-0 "> <div class="media__item media__item--100 "><a title="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351699/70-years-after-independence-indias-first-partition-museum-showcases-stories-of-survivors"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403im_/https://i.dawn.com/medium/2017/08/5992b487cbb19.jpg" alt="70 years after independence, India&#39;s first Partition museum showcases stories of survivors"/></a></div> </figure>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1351699" class="story__title py-0"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351699/70-years-after-independence-indias-first-partition-museum-showcases-stories-of-survivors" class="story__link">70 years after independence, India's first Partition museum showcases stories of survivors</a></h2> <div class=" mt-1"><span class="story__byline size-three text--black "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/authors/156/ap">AP</a></span> </div></article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="3" style="float:left;width:24%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1351692" data-layout="story">  <figure class="media media--focus media--stretch col-sm-12 col-3 mr-sm-0 mr-2 float-sm-none px-0 "> <div class="media__item media__item--100 "><a title="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351692/is-the-making-of-the-jinnah-cap-a-dying-trade"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403im_/https://i.dawn.com/medium/2017/08/599291c4e0c40.png" alt="Is the making of the Jinnah cap a dying trade?"/></a></div> </figure>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1351692" class="story__title py-0"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351692/is-the-making-of-the-jinnah-cap-a-dying-trade" class="story__link">Is the making of the Jinnah cap a dying trade?</a></h2> <div class=" mt-1"><span class="story__byline size-three text--black "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/authors/2064/ahmed-yusuf">Ahmed Yusuf</a></span> </div></article>  </div> </div><div class="clear-both"> </div></div> </div> <div class="border--top border--thick border--black mx-sm-2 mx-0 clearfix"> <h3 class="opinion-stories my-2"><a class="opinion-stories" href="/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/opinion">Opinion</a></h3> <div class=" slideshow--list pr-0 pr-sm-2 col-sm-4 col-12 float-left slideshow--opinion--first mt-2"> <div class="clear-both"> <div class="slideshow--row__item active pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="0" style="float:left;width:99%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1351596" data-layout="story">  <figure class="media media--stretch col-12 px-0 "> <div class="media__item "><a title="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351596/path-to-progress"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403im_/https://i.dawn.com/medium/2017/08/5991f97a43b20.jpg" alt="Path to progress"/></a></div> </figure> <div class="clearfix"></div>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1351596" class="story__title "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351596/path-to-progress" class="story__link">Path to progress</a></h2>  <div class="story__excerpt size-three ">A workable formula for Afghan peace is not impossible. </div> </article>  </div> </div><div class="clear-both"> </div></div> <div class=" slideshow--list slideshow--opinion col-sm-8 col-12 float-left mt-2"> <div class="clear-both"> <div class="slideshow--row__item active pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="0" style="float:left;width:24%;margin-right:1.3333333333333%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1351595" data-layout="story">  <figure class="media media--focus media--stretch col-sm-12 col-3 mr-sm-0 mr-2 float-sm-none px-0 " data-focus-x="0%" data-focus-y="0%"> <div class="media__item media__item--100 "><a title="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351595/problematic-articles"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403im_/https://i.dawn.com/medium/2017/08/5991f9143d3ca.jpg" alt="Problematic articles"/></a></div> </figure>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1351595" class="story__title py-0"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351595/problematic-articles" class="story__link">Problematic articles</a></h2> <div class=" mt-1"><span class="story__byline size-three text--black "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/authors/385/dr-niaz-murtaza">Dr Niaz Murtaza</a></span> </div></article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="1" style="float:left;width:24%;margin-right:1.3333333333333%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1351594" data-layout="story">  <figure class="media media--focus media--stretch col-sm-12 col-3 mr-sm-0 mr-2 float-sm-none px-0 "> <div class="media__item media__item--100 "><a title="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351594/how-not-to-travel-anywhere"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403im_/https://i.dawn.com/medium/2017/08/5991f8cb2c5ad.jpg" alt="How not to travel anywhere"/></a></div> </figure>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1351594" class="story__title py-0"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351594/how-not-to-travel-anywhere" class="story__link">How not to travel anywhere</a></h2> <div class=" mt-1"><span class="story__byline size-three text--black "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/authors/280/jawed-naqvi">Jawed Naqvi</a></span> </div></article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="2" style="float:left;width:24%;margin-right:1.3333333333333%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1351593" data-layout="story">  <figure class="media media--focus media--stretch col-sm-12 col-3 mr-sm-0 mr-2 float-sm-none px-0 "> <div class="media__item media__item--100 "><a title="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351593/birthday-reflections"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403im_/https://i.dawn.com/medium/2017/08/5991f8611dcb9.jpg" alt="Birthday reflections"/></a></div> </figure>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1351593" class="story__title py-0"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351593/birthday-reflections" class="story__link">Birthday reflections</a></h2> <div class=" mt-1"><span class="story__byline size-three text--black "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/authors/3400/ashraf-jehangir-qazi">Ashraf Jehangir Qazi</a></span> </div></article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="3" style="float:left;width:24%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1351389" data-layout="story">  <figure class="media media--focus media--stretch col-sm-12 col-3 mr-sm-0 mr-2 float-sm-none px-0 "> <div class="media__item media__item--100 "><a title="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351389/picture-perfect"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403im_/https://i.dawn.com/medium/2017/08/59909cd454715.jpg" alt="Picture perfect?"/></a></div> </figure>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1351389" class="story__title py-0"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351389/picture-perfect" class="story__link">Picture perfect?</a></h2> <div class=" mt-1"><span class="story__byline size-three text--black "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/authors/595/hajrah-mumtaz">Hajrah Mumtaz</a></span> </div></article>  </div> </div><div class="clear-both"> </div></div> </div> <div class="border--top border--thick border--black mx-sm-2 mx-0"> <h3 class="editorial-stories my-2"><a class="editorial-stories" href="/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/opinion">Editorial</a></h3> <div class=" slideshow--list slideshow--editorial mt-2"> <div class="clear-both"> <div class="slideshow--row__item active pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="0" style="float:left;width:15.666666666667%;margin-right:1.2%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1351592" data-layout="story"><span class="story__time size-two text--gray ">August 15, 2017</span>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1351592" class="story__title size-four "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351592/personal-rivalry-weakens-democracy" class="story__link">Personal rivalry weakens democracy</a></h2>  <div class="story__excerpt size-three ">POLITICS in Pakistan has never been for the faint-hearted. But as Nawaz Sharif turns to his base for political... </div> </article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="1" style="float:left;width:15.666666666667%;margin-right:1.2%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1351591" data-layout="story"><span class="story__time size-two text--gray "><span class="timestamp--label">Updated</span> August 15, 2017</span>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1351591" class="story__title size-four "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351591/the-kashmir-question" class="story__link">The Kashmir question</a></h2>  <div class="story__excerpt size-three ">EACH year when Pakistan and India celebrate their independence, anxiety takes over the minds of many. It relates to... </div> </article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="2" style="float:left;width:15.666666666667%;margin-right:1.2%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1351590" data-layout="story"><span class="story__time size-two text--gray ">August 15, 2017</span>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1351590" class="story__title size-four "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351590/karachi-van-tragedy" class="story__link">Karachi van tragedy</a></h2>  <div class="story__excerpt size-three ">THE tragedy that took place in Karachi on Sunday is an awful reminder that Pakistan’s roads need cleaning up, that... </div> </article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="3" style="float:left;width:15.666666666667%;margin-right:1.2%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1351385" data-layout="story"><span class="story__time size-two text--gray "><span class="timestamp--label">Updated</span> August 14, 2017</span>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1351385" class="story__title size-four "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351385/the-first-70-years-the-journey-ahead" class="story__link">The first 70 years & the journey ahead</a></h2>  <div class="story__excerpt size-three ">SEVENTY years old today, Pakistan is a country that has achieved much. Yet, there is an undeniable need for... </div> </article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="4" style="float:left;width:15.666666666667%;margin-right:1.2%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1351384" data-layout="story"><span class="story__time size-two text--gray ">August 14, 2017</span>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1351384" class="story__title size-four "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351384/the-search-for-economic-direction" class="story__link">The search for economic direction</a></h2>  <div class="story__excerpt size-three ">SEVENTY years into its life, Pakistan’s economy has seen many changes. Yet, it still remains without direction.... </div> </article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="5" style="float:left;width:15.666666666667%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1351280" data-layout="story"><span class="story__time size-two text--gray ">August 13, 2017</span>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1351280" class="story__title size-four "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816003403/https://www.dawn.com/news/1351280/gt-road-journey-to-what-end" class="story__link">GT Road journey: to what end?</a></h2>  <div class="story__excerpt size-three ">LARGE crowds, fiery speeches and a professed desire to return to his home in Lahore aside, Nawaz Sharif’s journey... </div> </article>  </div> </div><div class="clear-both"> </div></div> </div> <div class="px-2">  <div class="ad py-4 d-block d-sm-none" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="ad__label " style="max-width:728px;">Advertisement</div> <div class="js-ad clearfix" style="text-align:center;margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden;max-width:728px;max-height:90px"> <div class="radWrapper ad__wrapper"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1455531878761-2" class="ad__wrapper__slot" style="width:728px;height:90px"> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1455531878761-2'); 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