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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">121st Finance Minister of Paraguay</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-BLP_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-BLP_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biography of a living person</a> <b>needs additional <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable 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href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lea+Gim%C3%A9nez%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lea+Gim%C3%A9nez%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lea+Gim%C3%A9nez%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lea+Gim%C3%A9nez%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Giménez</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> Duarte</i>.</div> <p><b>Lea Raquel Giménez Duarte</b> (born 1980 or 1981)<sup id="cite_ref-Yegros_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yegros-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Paraguayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraguayan">Paraguayan</a> <a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">economist</a> and the former <a href="/wiki/Finance_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance Minister">finance minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>. She was the first woman to hold the position and the youngest person to ever hold the position of finance minister in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yegros_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yegros-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-z277_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z277-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She currently serves as Executive Advisor to the President of the Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She has an outstanding professional career in both the public and private sectors. She has served as Secretary General and Chief of the Civil Cabinet of the Presidency of the Republic of Paraguay, and Deputy Minister of Economy, being also the first woman to hold these positions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lea_Gim%C3%A9nez&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Giménez led the preparation of President <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Santiago Peña">Santiago Peña</a>'s government plan for the 2023-2028 period and was the Head of the Transition Team for President-elect Santiago Peña.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Chief of the Civil Cabinet of the Presidency of the Republic of Paraguay, she was responsible for coordinating, managing, and overseeing policy development, operations, and Cabinet-related decisions for the President. Additionally, she was in charge of structuring and leading the Presidency’s Management Unit, which oversees the government’s strategic and flagship projects and programs. These initiatives include the development and implementation of the National Anti-Corruption Strategy,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> strategic infrastructure projects, the Che Roga Pora housing program, the digitalization of the public health sector with the support of the Republic of China Taiwan, and the design and execution of key projects such as SUMAR<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Zero Hunger in Schools.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Minister of Finance, she chaired the National Economic Team<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and established and chaired the Technical Tax Commission of Paraguay.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also led the signing of the Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> positioning Paraguay as the 119th jurisdiction to adopt this instrument aimed at improving transparency and combating cross-border tax evasion. Giménez also spearheaded the development of Paraguay’s first comprehensive tax reform package, which was approved in 2019. The reform modernized the tax system, addressed tax evasion, promoted financial transparency, and generated funds for key sectors such as health, education, and infrastructure without increasing tax rates. She also led the Excellence Fund for Education in Paraguay and the National Financial Inclusion Strategy Commission. </p><p>She also played a strategic role as a member of the Board of Directors of the Itaipú Binational Entity during a period when Paraguay achieved an important and beneficial tariff agreement for a period of three years.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internationally, she was Division Chief of the Institutions for Development Sector at the <a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Development_Bank" title="Inter-American Development Bank">Inter-American Development Bank</a>, leading the agendas of Citizen Security and Justice, Public Management, State Digital Transformation, and Transparency and Integrity. In addition, she worked as an economist in the Global Poverty and Macro-Fiscal Practices at the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> in countries across Latin America, the Caribbean, and South Asia. She was an honorary member of the Board of Directors of the Open Contracting Partnership and an Adjunct Professor at <a href="/wiki/Lehigh_University" title="Lehigh University">Lehigh University</a>. </p><p>Giménez holds a Ph.D. in Economics from <a href="/wiki/Lehigh_University" title="Lehigh University">Lehigh University</a> (Pennsylvania). Her doctoral thesis ("Shocks and the Opportunities of Children") received the Elizabeth Stout Dissertation Award, given to doctoral theses considered to make unusually significant and original contributions to their field.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also has executive training from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>. In 2022, she was included in the list of inspiring women by the World Commerce and Contracting.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lea_Gim%C3%A9nez&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lea_Gim%C3%A9nez&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chen, Cheng, Shin-Yi Chou, Lea Gimenez, and Jin-Tan Liu. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1043951X19301300?token=B9A447E8135362093354A4718732AE46BA81B7D14FF4A62FDA439C657F223D38968DF18A07EE76A1BAE2A9DFA240A1F7">The Quantity of Education and Preference for Sons: Evidence from Taiwan's Compulsory Education Reform</a>, <i>China Economic Review</i> 59: 101369.</li> <li>Qian, Mengcen, Shin-Yi Chou, Lea Gimenez, and Jin-Tan Liu. 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10995-017-2276-1">The Intergenerational Transmission of Low Birth Weight and Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Large Cross-generational Cohort Study in Taiwan</a>, <i>Maternal and Child Health Journal</i> 21 (7), pp. 1512–1521.</li> <li>Gimenez, Lea, Dean Jolliffe, and Iffath Sharif. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bids.org.bd/page/journal/?status=bds&issue=past&volume=159">Bangladesh, a Middle Income Country by 2021: What Will It Take in terms of Poverty Reduction?</a>, <i>The Bangladesh Development Studies</i> 37 (1-2).</li> <li>Gimenez, Lea, and Dean Jolliffe. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bids.org.bd/page/journal/?status=bds&issue=past&volume=159">Inflation for the Poor in Bangladesh: A Comparison of CPI and Household Survey Data</a>, <i>The Bangladesh Development Studies</i> 37 (1-2).</li> <li>Gimenez, Lea, Shin-Yi Chou, Jin-Tan Liu, and Jin-Long Liu. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/48/4/1035.refs">Parental Loss and Children's Well-Being</a>, <i>The Journal of Human Resources</i> 48 (4), pp. 1035–1071.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lea_Gim%C3%A9nez&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Giménez, Lea, Carlos Rodríguez-Castelán and Daniel Valderrama. 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/21751">Shared Prosperity in Colombia</a>, in Shared Prosperity and Poverty Eradication in Latin America and the Caribbean (eds. Ed. Cord, Louise, Maria Eugenia Genoni, and Carlos Rodríguez-Castelán), pp. 99–134, Washington, D.C.: <i>Banco Mundial</i>.</li> <li>Giménez, Lea and Carmen Marín. 2018. Retos y Oportunidades del Sistema de Jubilaciones y Pensiones del Paraguay en <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bcp.gov.py/userfiles/files/Sistema%20financiero%20paraguayo.%20Construyendo%20sobre%20s%C3%B3lidos%20fundamentos%281%29.pdf">Sistema Financiero Paraguayo. Construyendo sobre sólidos fundamentos paraguayos.</a> <i>Banco Central del Paraguay</i>, pp. 114–147.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policy_notes_and_reports">Policy notes and reports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lea_Gim%C3%A9nez&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Policy notes and reports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lea Giménez, María Ana Lugo, Sandra Martínez, Humberto Colman, Juan José Galeano and Gabriela Farfán. 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commitmentoequity.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/CEQ_WP74_Gimenez-et-al_Paraguay-AnalisisSistemaFiscal_Oct23_2017.pdf"><i>Paraguay: Análisis del sistema fiscal y su impacto en la pobreza y la equidad</i></a>, CEQ Working Paper 74, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commitmentoequity.org/"><i>Commitment to Equity (CEQ) Institute</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane University</a>.</li> <li>Giménez, Lea, Sara Hause Van Wie, Miriam Muller, Rebecca F. Shutte, Megan Z. Rounseville and Martha C. Viveros Mendoz. 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/922071468189262872/Enhancing-youth-skills-and-economic-opportunities-to-reduce-teenage-pregnancy-in-Colombia">Enhancing Youth Skills and Economic Opportunities to Reduce Teenage Pregnancy in Colombia</a>, Washington, D.C.: <i>Banco Mundial</i>.</li> <li>Giménez, Lea, Edwin St. Catherine, Jonathan Karver y Rei Odawara. 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/991241468085447568/The-Aftermath-of-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-in-the-Eastern-Caribbean-The-impact-on-the-St-Lucia-labor-market">The Aftermath of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis in the Eastern Caribbean - The Impact on the St. Lucia Labor Market</a>, Washington, D.C.: <i>Banco Mundial</i>.</li> <li>Rodríguez-Castelán, Carlos, Lea Giménez y Tania Diaz Bazan. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/224891505457246534/Colombia-s-2012-tax-reform-poverty-and-social-impact-analysis">Colombia's 2012 Tax Reform Poverty and Social Impact Analysis</a>, Washington, D.C.: <i>Banco Mundial</i>.</li> <li>Rodríguez-Castelán, Carlos, Lea Giménez y Daniel Valderrama. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Feature%20Story/lac/Colombia%20Policy%20Notes%20Finalweb%20%20Sept%2024-2014.pdf">Chapter 2: Toward Shared Prosperity in Colombia, in Towards Sustainable Peace, Poverty Eradication, and Shared Prosperity – Colombia Policy Notes</a>. Washington, D.C.: <i>Banco Mundial</i>.</li> <li>Rodríguez-Castelán, Carlos, Lea Giménez y Daniel Valderrama. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/224891505457246534/Colombia-s-2012-tax-reform-poverty-and-social-impact-analysis">Chapter 2: Hacia La Paz Sostenible, La Erradicación De La Pobreza y La Prosperidad Compartida – Notas de Política: Colombia</a>. Washington, D.C.: <i>Banco Mundial</i>.</li> <li>Jolliffe, Dean, Iffath Sharif, Lea Giménez y Faizuddin Ahmed. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/109051468203350011/Bangladesh-Poverty-assessment-assessing-a-decade-of-progress-in-reducing-poverty-2000-2010">Bangladesh - Poverty assessment: Assessing a decade of progress in reducing poverty, 2000-2010</a>, Bangladesh Development Series no. 31, Washington, D.C.: <i>Banco Mundial</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_Articles">Short Articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lea_Gim%C3%A9nez&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Short Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Giménez, Lea. 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lanacion.com.py/columnistas/2022/04/26/la-politica-economica-no-es-comedia-de-improvisacion/"><i>La política económica no es comedia de improvisación</i></a>, La Nación, Paraguay.</li> <li>Giménez, Lea. 2021-2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foco.lanacion.com.py/buscar/?q=Lea%20Gimenez"><i>Varios Artículos</i></a>, Revista Foco - La Nación, Paraguay.</li> <li>Giménez, Lea. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ultimahora.com/a-la-altura-las-circunstancias-n2962096.html"><i>A la altura de las circunstancias</i></a>, Ultima Hora – Paraguay.</li> <li>Giménez, Lea. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.iadb.org/administracion-publica/en/good-digitalization-does-not-happen-on-its-own-it-requires-good-human-decisions/"><i>Good digitalization does not happen on its own: it requires good human decisions</i></a>, Gobernarte, Washington D.C.</li> <li>Giménez, Lea and Edgardo Mosqueira. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.iadb.org/administracion-publica/es/invertir-mejor-no-es-invertir-mas-la-importancia-de-una-buena-gestion/"><i>Invertir mejor no es invertir más: La importancia de una buena gestión</i></a>, Gobernarte, Washington D.C.</li> <li>Giménez, Lea and Edgardo Mosqueira. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/foreignaffairsl/status/1300871045671337984?lang=ca"><i>Latinoamérica frente al covid-19: un nuevo contrato social</i></a>, Foreign Affairs Latinoamérica, Washington D.C.</li> <li>Giménez, Lea and Roberto de Michele. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/es/post-opinion/2020/03/03/la-corrupcion-en-america-latina-no-tiene-que-ser-una-cotidianidad/"><i>La corrupción en América Latina no tiene que ser una cotidianidad</i></a>, Opinión. The Washington Post, Washington D.C.</li> <li>Giménez, Lea. 2019.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/10/04/planeta_futuro/1570204409_754325.html"><i>Instituciones fuertes, Comunidades seguras</i></a>, Opinión. El País, España.</li> <li>Giménez, Lea. 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economia.gov.py/index.php/blog-econ%C3%B3mico/la-macro-no-llega-la-micro-mito-o-realidad"><i>La macro no llega a la micro: ¿mito o realidad?</i></a>, Economic Blog, Ministry of Finance Paraguay.</li> <li>Giménez, Lea and Dean Jolliffe. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.worldbank.org/endpovertyinsouthasia/bangladesh-resilience-and-long-term-goals">Bangladesh: Resilience and Long-Term Goals<i></i></a><i>, End Poverty in South Asia, The World Bank Group.</i></li> <li>Giménez, Lea. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.worldbank.org/endpovertyinsouthasia/hard-facts-poverty-afghanistan"><i>Hard Facts on Poverty in Afghanistan</i></a>, End Poverty in South Asia, The World Bank Group.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lea_Gim%C3%A9nez&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Yegros-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yegros_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yegros_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-40785338">"¿Cuál es el perfil de los que llegan a ser ministros de Economía en América Latina?"</a>. <i>BBC News Mundo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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