CINXE.COM

Polyester degradation by soil bacteria: identification of conserved BHETase enzymes in Streptomyces - PubMed

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" > <head itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" > <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <!-- Mobile properties --> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True"> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/CACHE/css/output.5ecf62baa0fa.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/CACHE/css/output.452c70ce66f7.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/CACHE/css/output.7bf600913d6e.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/CACHE/css/output.0bfa59184c7a.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/CACHE/css/output.b576742ffc3e.css" type="text/css"> <title>Polyester degradation by soil bacteria: identification of conserved BHETase enzymes in Streptomyces - PubMed</title> <link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/uswds/dist/fonts/merriweather-bold-webfont.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /> <!-- Favicons --> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.png" /> <!-- 192x192, as recommended for Android http://updates.html5rocks.com/2014/11/Support-for-theme-color-in-Chrome-39-for-Android --> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-192.png" /> <!-- 57x57 (precomposed) for iPhone 3GS, pre-2011 iPod Touch and older Android devices --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png"> <!-- 72x72 (precomposed) for 1st generation iPad, iPad 2 and iPad mini --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-72.png"> <!-- 114x114 (precomposed) for iPhone 4, 4S, 5 and post-2011 iPod Touch --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-114.png"> <!-- 144x144 (precomposed) for iPad 3rd and 4th generation --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-144.png"> <!-- For Pinger + Google Optimize integration (NS-820) --> <meta name="ncbi_sg_optimize_id" content=""> <!-- Mobile browser address bar color --> <meta name="theme-color" content="#20558a"> <!-- Preserve the Referrer when going from HTTPS to HTTP --> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="ncbi_pinger_gtm_track" content="true"/> <!-- Logging params: Pinger defaults --> <meta name="ncbi_app" content="pubmed" /> <meta name="ncbi_db" content="pubmed" /> <meta name="ncbi_phid" content="204000011AD36965000029A49176B350.1.m_6" /> <meta name="ncbi_pinger_stat_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/stat" /> <meta name="log_category" content="literature" /> <meta name="ncbi_cost_center" content="pubmed" /> <!-- Logging params: Pinger custom --> <meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="abstract" /> <meta name="log_op" content="retrieve" /> <meta name="uid" content="38867087" /> <meta name="ncbi_uid" content="38867087" /> <meta name="log_displayeduids" content="38867087" /> <meta name="log_source_db" content="pubmed,pmc" /> <meta name="log_icons_present" content="true" /> <!-- Social meta tags for unfurling urls --> <meta name="description" content="The rising use of plastic results in an appalling amount of waste which is scattered into the environment. One of these plastics is PET which is mainly used for bottles. We have identified and characterized an esterase from Streptomyces, annotated as LipA, which can efficiently degrade the PET-deriv …"><meta name="keywords" content="pmid:38867087, PMC11169514, doi:10.1038/s42003-024-06414-z, Jo-Anne Verschoor, Martijn R J Croese, Johannes H de Winde, Bacterial Proteins / chemistry, Bacterial Proteins / genetics, Bacterial Proteins / metabolism, Biodegradation, Environmental, Esterases / chemistry, Esterases / genetics, Esterases / metabolism, Polyethylene Terephthalates / metabolism, Soil Microbiology, Streptomyces coelicolor / enzymology, Streptomyces coelicolor / genetics, Streptomyces* / enzymology, Streptomyces* / genetics, PubMed Abstract, NIH, NLM, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE"><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive"><meta property="og:title" content="Polyester degradation by soil bacteria: identification of conserved BHETase enzymes in Streptomyces - PubMed"><meta property="og:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38867087/"><meta property="og:description" content="The rising use of plastic results in an appalling amount of waste which is scattered into the environment. One of these plastics is PET which is mainly used for bottles. We have identified and characterized an esterase from Streptomyces, annotated as LipA, which can efficiently degrade the PET-deriv …"><meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:site_name" content="PubMed"><meta name="twitter:domain" content="pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Polyester degradation by soil bacteria: identification of conserved BHETase enzymes in Streptomyces - PubMed"><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38867087/"><meta name="twitter:description" content="The rising use of plastic results in an appalling amount of waste which is scattered into the environment. One of these plastics is PET which is mainly used for bottles. We have identified and characterized an esterase from Streptomyces, annotated as LipA, which can efficiently degrade the PET-deriv …"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"> <!-- OpenSearch XML --> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/opensearch.xml" title="PubMed search"> <!-- Disables severely broken elements when no JS --> <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/core/no-script.css"> </noscript> <meta name="citation_title" content="Polyester degradation by soil bacteria: identification of conserved BHETase enzymes in Streptomyces"> <meta name="citation_authors" content="Verschoor JA;Croese MRJ;Lakemeier SE;Mugge A;Burgers CMC;Innocenti P;Willemse J;Crooijmans ME;van Wezel GP;Ram AFJ;de Winde JH;"> <meta name="citation_date" content="06/12/2024"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Commun Biol"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Communications biology"> <meta name="citation_pmid" content="38867087"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38867087/"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="7"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="1"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1038/s42003-024-06414-z"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2399-3642"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38867087/" /> </head> <body > <noscript> <div class="no-script-banner" id="no-script-banner"> <div class="warning-message"> <div class="warning-message-text"> This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! </div> </div> </div> </noscript> <div class="no-session-banner" id="no-session-banner" hidden> <div class="warning-message"> <div class="warning-message-text"> Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. </div> <button class="close-banner-button" title="Close Clipboard and Search History not available warning banner" ref="linksrc=close_no_session_banner" aria-controls="no-session-banner" aria-label="Close Clipboard and Search History not available warning banner" aria-expanded="true"> </button> </div> </div> <a class="usa-skipnav" href="#article-details"> Skip to main page content </a> <!-- ========== BEGIN HEADER ========== --> <section class="usa-banner"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner-header"> <div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner"> <img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png" alt="U.S. flag" /> <p>An official website of the United States government</p> <button class="usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-top" > <span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner-content usa-grid usa-accordion-content" id="gov-banner-top" > <div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half"> <img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" alt="Dot gov" /> <div class="usa-media_block-body"> <p> <strong>The .gov means it’s official.</strong> <br /> Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half"> <img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg" alt="Https" /> <div class="usa-media_block-body"> <p> <strong>The site is secure.</strong> <br /> The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="usa-overlay"></div> <header class="ncbi-header" role="banner" data-section="Header"> <div class="usa-grid"> <div class="usa-width-one-whole"> <div class="ncbi-header__logo"> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" class="logo" aria-label="NCBI Logo" data-ga-action="click_image" data-ga-label="NIH NLM Logo"> <img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg" alt="NIH NLM Logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="ncbi-header__account"> <a id="account_login" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-button header-button" style="display:none" data-ga-action="open_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu">Log in</a> <button id="account_info" class="header-button" style="display:none" aria-controls="account_popup"> <span class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="username desktop-only" aria-hidden="true" id="uname_short"></span> <span class="sr-only">Show account info</span> </button> </div> <div class="ncbi-popup-anchor"> <div class="ncbi-popup account-popup" id="account_popup" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="ncbi-popup-head"> <button class="ncbi-close-button" data-ga-action="close_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu"><span class="fa fa-times"></span><span class="usa-sr-only">Close</span></button> <h4>Account</h4> </div> <div class="account-user-info"> Logged in as:<br/> <b><span class="username" id="uname_long">username</span></b> </div> <div class="account-links"> <ul class="usa-unstyled-list"> <li><a id="account_myncbi" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_myncbi">Dashboard</a></li> <li><a id="account_pubs" href="/myncbi/collections/bibliography/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_pubs">Publications</a></li> <li><a id="account_settings" href="/account/settings/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_settings">Account settings</a></li> <li><a id="account_logout" href="/account/signout/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_logout">Log out</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div role="navigation" aria-label="access keys"> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_0" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="0" tabindex="-1">Access keys</a> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_1" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="1" tabindex="-1">NCBI Homepage</a> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_2" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url usa-sr-only" accesskey="2" tabindex="-1">MyNCBI Homepage</a> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_3" href="#maincontent" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="3" tabindex="-1">Main Content</a> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_4" href="#" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="4" tabindex="-1">Main Navigation</a> </div> <section data-section="Alerts"> <div class="ncbi-alerts-placeholder"></div> </section> <!-- ========== END HEADER ========== --> <a id="maincontent" aria-label="Main page content below" role="navigation"></a> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="gJt5r2WXWfNsCXC4oUOO03DcSgAA4p2rSlAGTI8weSTSTFQkpC3X9jVJdt6zHIgi"> <form action="/" method="get" autocomplete="off" class="usa-search usa-search-big search-form content-page-layout" id="search-form" role="search"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <a class="pubmed-logo" aria-label="Pubmed Logo" href="/" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="pubmed_logo"> <img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg" alt="pubmed logo" /> </a> <a href="#" class="search-input-trigger" data-alt-title="Hide search bar" title="Show search bar" aria-label="Show search bar"> </a> <div role="search" class="search-input"> <div class="form-field "> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="id_term"> Search: </label> <input type="search" name="term" data-skip-ie-scroll-to-top="" data-replace-term-with-exact="" data-exact-query="" placeholder="" class="term-input" required="required" id="id_term"/><a href="#" class="clear-btn" aria-label="Clear search input" title="Clear search input" role="button" data-pinger-ignore></a><button type="submit" class="search-btn" aria-label="Search" disabled data-pinger-ignore><span class="usa-search-submit-text">Search</span></button> </div> </div> <!-- Create alert and Create RSS are buttons that look like links --> <!-- Better for them to look like buttons but no space --> <div class="search-links-wrapper content-page-layout"> <div class="search-links"> <a href="/advanced/" class="search-input-link adv-search-link" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="adv_search">Advanced</a> <a href="/clipboard/" class="search-input-link clipboard-link hidden" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="clipboard"> Clipboard <span class="amount-in-clipboard"></span> </a> </div> <span class="search-input-link user-guide-link" role="navigation" aria-label="User guide"> <a href="/help/" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="user_guide"> User Guide </a> </span> </div> </div> </form> <div id="article-page-header"> <div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="actions-container"> <div class="return-to-search"> </div> <div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to"> <button id="save-results-panel-trigger" type="button" class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="save-action-panel" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="open"> Save </button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger" type="button" class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="email-action-panel" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="open"> Email </button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger" type="button" class="trigger more-actions-trigger" ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn" aria-label="Send to" aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link " href="#" role="button" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="clipboard" data-ga-label="send"> Clipboard </a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F38867087%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F38867087%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Display options </div> <div class="content"> <div class="format-container"> <span class="option-label"> Format </span> <select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format"> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="pubmed">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="gJt5r2WXWfNsCXC4oUOO03DcSgAA4p2rSlAGTI8weSTSTFQkpC3X9jVJdt6zHIgi"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container"> <div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Save citation to file </h2> <form id="save-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="gJt5r2WXWfNsCXC4oUOO03DcSgAA4p2rSlAGTI8weSTSTFQkpC3X9jVJdt6zHIgi"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label"> Format: </label> <select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector"> <option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option> <option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="csv">CSV</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel" ref="linksrc=close_save_panel" aria-controls="save-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="email-action-panel" class="email-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback" data-recaptcha-enabled="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Email citation </h2> <form id="email-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/send-email/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/send-email/" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post" method="post" > <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="gJt5r2WXWfNsCXC4oUOO03DcSgAA4p2rSlAGTI8weSTSTFQkpC3X9jVJdt6zHIgi"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <span class="action-panel-label"> Subject: </span> <span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 38867087 - PubMed</span> <input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 38867087"/> <input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="4abcd2581ef907fc82848b6adc81132a7255733b2ce6e05ef58a643b98de4463"/> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> To: </label> <input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label"> From: </label> <input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label"> Format: </label> <select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format"> <option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option> <option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option> </select> </div> <div class="include-supplemental-container"> <input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental"> <label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label> </div> <div class="form-field recaptcha "> <div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div> </div> <div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="send"> Send email </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel" ref="linksrc=close_email_panel" aria-controls="email-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" /> </form> </div> </div> <div id="collections-action-panel" class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false" data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to Collections </h3> <form id="collections-action-panel-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="gJt5r2WXWfNsCXC4oUOO03DcSgAA4p2rSlAGTI8weSTSTFQkpC3X9jVJdt6zHIgi"> <div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"> <label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="gJt5r2WXWfNsCXC4oUOO03DcSgAA4p2rSlAGTI8weSTSTFQkpC3X9jVJdt6zHIgi"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="gJt5r2WXWfNsCXC4oUOO03DcSgAA4p2rSlAGTI8weSTSTFQkpC3X9jVJdt6zHIgi"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="gJt5r2WXWfNsCXC4oUOO03DcSgAA4p2rSlAGTI8weSTSTFQkpC3X9jVJdt6zHIgi"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="gJt5r2WXWfNsCXC4oUOO03DcSgAA4p2rSlAGTI8weSTSTFQkpC3X9jVJdt6zHIgi"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="38867087"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06414-z" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=False&amp;PrId=3094&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=38867087&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=101719179" title="See full text options at Nature Publishing Group" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="Nature Publishing Group" data-ga-label="38867087" ><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--www.nature.com-static-images-logos-nature-portfolio-120.png" alt="full text provider logo"><span class="text"> Nature Publishing Group </span></a><a class="link-item pmc " href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/38867087/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=True&amp;PrId=3494&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=38867087&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=101719179" title="Free full text at PubMed Central" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMC" data-ga-label="38867087" ><span class="text"> Free PMC article </span></a> </div> </div> <div class="short-view"> <a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger"> Full text links </a> </div> </div> <div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/38867087/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/38867087/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="38867087" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections." data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_button" data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false" data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F38867087%2F%23open-collections-dialog" data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog" class="dialog collections-dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="gJt5r2WXWfNsCXC4oUOO03DcSgAA4p2rSlAGTI8weSTSTFQkpC3X9jVJdt6zHIgi"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="sidebar-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="social-sharing"> <h3 class="title"> Share </h3> <ul class="social-sharing-links usa-unstyled-list"> <li> <a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Polyester%20degradation%20by%20soil%20bacteria%3A%20identification%20of%20conserved%20BHETase%20enzymes%20in%20Streptomyces%20https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38867087/" class="share-link share-link-twitter" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup" title="Share article on Twitter" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="social" data-ga-label="twitter"></a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38867087/" class="share-link share-link-facebook" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup" title="Share article on Facebook" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="social" data-ga-label="fb"></a> </li> <li> <div class="share-permalink"> <button class="trigger" title="Show article permalink" ref="linksrc=show_permalink_btn"> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Permalink </div> <div class="content"> <input type="text" class="permalink-text" value="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38867087/" aria-label="Article permalink"/><button class="permalink-copy-button usa-button-primary" title="Copy article permalink" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="link" data-ga-label="copy_link"><span class="button-title">Copy</span></button> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <nav class="page-navigator" role="navigation" aria-label="Page navigation"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Page navigation </h3> <ul class="items-list"> <li class="heading "> <a href="#heading" aria-label="navigate to Title &amp; authors section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="heading"> Title &amp; authors </a> </li> <li class="abstract "> <a href="#abstract" aria-label="navigate to Abstract section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="abstract"> Abstract </a> </li> <li class="conflict-of-interest "> <a href="#conflict-of-interest" aria-label="navigate to Conflict of interest statement section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="conflict-of-interest"> Conflict of interest statement </a> </li> <li class="figures "> <a href="#figures" aria-label="navigate to Figures section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="figures"> Figures </a> </li> <li class="similar "> <a href="#similar" aria-label="navigate to Similar articles section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="similar"> Similar articles </a> </li> <li class="references "> <a href="#references" aria-label="navigate to References section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="references"> References </a> </li> <li class="mesh-terms "> <a href="#mesh-terms" aria-label="navigate to MeSH terms section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="mesh-terms"> MeSH terms </a> </li> <li class="substances "> <a href="#substances" aria-label="navigate to Substances section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="substances"> Substances </a> </li> <li class="related-links "> <a href="#related-links" aria-label="navigate to Related information section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="related-links"> Related information </a> </li> <li class="linkout "> <a href="#linkout" aria-label="navigate to LinkOut - more resources section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="linkout"> LinkOut - more resources </a> </li> </ul> </div> <select class="short-view" autocomplete="off" title="navigate to selected section" aria-label="Navigate to page section"> <option value="heading">Title &amp; authors</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="conflict-of-interest">Conflict of interest statement</option> <option value="figures">Figures</option> <option value="similar">Similar articles</option> <option value="references">References</option> <option value="mesh-terms">MeSH terms</option> <option value="substances">Substances</option> <option value="related-links">Related information</option> <option value="linkout">LinkOut - more resources</option> </select> </nav> </div> </aside> <main class="article-details" id="article-details"> <!-- "Filters applied" shows only when page is redirected from search --> <!-- because search found one result --> <header class="heading" id="heading"> <div class="full-view" id="full-view-heading"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="full-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Communications biology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="full-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Communications biology" data-pinger-ignore> Commun Biol </button><div id="full-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Communications biology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Commun+Biol%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Commun+Biol%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&amp;journal_abbrev=Commun Biol" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Commun Biol"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Commun+Biol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Commun Biol"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Commun Biol"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Commun Biol"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2024 Jun 12;7(1):725.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-06414-z. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Polyester degradation by soil bacteria: identification of conserved BHETase enzymes in Streptomyces </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Verschoor+JA&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jo-Anne Verschoor">Jo-Anne Verschoor</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Croese+MRJ&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Martijn R J Croese">Martijn R J Croese</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lakemeier+SE&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sven E Lakemeier">Sven E Lakemeier</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mugge+A&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Annemiek Mugge">Annemiek Mugge</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Burgers+CMC&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Charlotte M C Burgers">Charlotte M C Burgers</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Innocenti+P&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Paolo Innocenti">Paolo Innocenti</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Willemse+J&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Joost Willemse">Joost Willemse</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Crooijmans+ME&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Marjolein E Crooijmans">Marjolein E Crooijmans</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=van+Wezel+GP&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Gilles P van Wezel">Gilles P van Wezel</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ram+AFJ&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Arthur F J Ram">Arthur F J Ram</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=de+Winde+JH&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Johannes H de Winde">Johannes H de Winde</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands. j.h.de.winde@biology.leidenuniv.nl." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/38867087/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands. j.h.de.winde@biology.leidenuniv.nl.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38867087</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=PMC11169514&amp;id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11169514/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC11169514 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=10.1038/s42003-024-06414-z&amp;id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06414-z" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1038/s42003-024-06414-z </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> Polyester degradation by soil bacteria: identification of conserved BHETase enzymes in Streptomyces </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Jo-Anne Verschoor</span><span class="citation-separator">&nbsp;et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Commun Biol<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="2024">2024</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/38867087/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Display options </div> <div class="content"> <div class="format-container"> <span class="option-label"> Format </span> <select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="mobile-display-format"> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="pubmed">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="full-article-details" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="short-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Communications biology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="short-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Communications biology" data-pinger-ignore> Commun Biol </button><div id="short-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Communications biology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Commun+Biol%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Commun+Biol%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&amp;journal_abbrev=Commun Biol" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Commun Biol"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Commun+Biol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Commun Biol"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Commun Biol"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Commun Biol"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2024 Jun 12;7(1):725.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-06414-z. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Verschoor+JA&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jo-Anne Verschoor">Jo-Anne Verschoor</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Croese+MRJ&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Martijn R J Croese">Martijn R J Croese</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lakemeier+SE&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sven E Lakemeier">Sven E Lakemeier</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mugge+A&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Annemiek Mugge">Annemiek Mugge</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Burgers+CMC&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Charlotte M C Burgers">Charlotte M C Burgers</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Innocenti+P&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Paolo Innocenti">Paolo Innocenti</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Willemse+J&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Joost Willemse">Joost Willemse</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Crooijmans+ME&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Marjolein E Crooijmans">Marjolein E Crooijmans</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=van+Wezel+GP&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Gilles P van Wezel">Gilles P van Wezel</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ram+AFJ&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Arthur F J Ram">Arthur F J Ram</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=de+Winde+JH&amp;cauthor_id=38867087" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Johannes H de Winde">Johannes H de Winde</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands. j.h.de.winde@biology.leidenuniv.nl." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands. j.h.de.winde@biology.leidenuniv.nl.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38867087</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=PMC11169514&amp;id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11169514/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC11169514 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=10.1038/s42003-024-06414-z&amp;id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06414-z" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1038/s42003-024-06414-z </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/38867087/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/38867087/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> The rising use of plastic results in an appalling amount of waste which is scattered into the environment. One of these plastics is PET which is mainly used for bottles. We have identified and characterized an esterase from Streptomyces, annotated as LipA, which can efficiently degrade the PET-derived oligomer BHET. The Streptomyces coelicolor ScLipA enzyme exhibits varying sequence similarity to several BHETase/PETase enzymes, including IsPETase, TfCut2, LCC, PET40 and PET46. Of 96 Streptomyces strains, 18% were able to degrade BHET via one of three variants of LipA, named ScLipA, S2LipA and S92LipA. SclipA was deleted from S. coelicolor resulting in reduced BHET degradation. Overexpression of all LipA variants significantly enhanced BHET degradation. All variants were expressed in E. coli for purification and biochemical analysis. The optimum conditions were determined as pH 7 and 25 °C for all variants. The activity on BHET and amorphous PET film was investigated. S2LipA efficiently degraded BHET and caused roughening and indents on the surface of PET films, comparable to the activity of previously described TfCut2 under the same conditions. The abundance of the S2LipA variant in Streptomyces suggests an environmental advantage towards the degradation of more polar substrates including these polluting plastics. </p> </div> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> © 2024. The Author(s). </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">The authors declare no competing interests.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="fig-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5240/11169514/e215f535d31f/42003_2024_6414_Fig1_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="785" data-image-height="412" data-image-alt="Fig. 1" data-pmc-id="PMC11169514" data-figure-id="Fig1"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5240/11169514/917f9fbf235a/42003_2024_6414_Fig1_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="785"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="412"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 1. Sequence comparison of <i> Sc </i> LipA… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 1. Sequence comparison of <i> Sc </i> LipA with several PHEs. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> a </b> Sequence comparison of <i> Sc </i> LipA…</div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 1. Sequence comparison of <i>Sc</i>LipA with several PHEs. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>a</b> Sequence comparison of <i>Sc</i>LipA with PET40, <i>Tf</i>Cut2, LCC, and the <i>Is</i>PETase indicating the binding sites with yellow asterisks and highlights and the catalytic triad highlighted in orange with orange asterisks. The percent identity was displayed behind the alignments. <b>b</b> Predicted model of the structure of <i>Sc</i>LipA constructed with AlphaFold (blue) overlayed with the structure of PET40 as provided by PDB (8A2C). The catalytic triads are enlarged and shown in green (<i>Sc</i>LipA) and orange (PET40). The enlarged binding domains are displayed in cyan (<i>Sc</i>LipA) and yellow (PET40).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="fig-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5240/11169514/eed74bcd3601/42003_2024_6414_Fig2_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="697" data-image-height="691" data-image-alt="Fig. 2" data-pmc-id="PMC11169514" data-figure-id="Fig2"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5240/11169514/cebd25b767b4/42003_2024_6414_Fig2_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="697"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="691"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 2. The ability of <i> S. coelicolor… </i> </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 2. The ability of <i> S. coelicolor </i> M145 and other Streptomycetes to degrade BHET. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> a… </b></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 2. The ability of <i>S. coelicolor</i> M145 and other Streptomycetes to degrade BHET. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>a</b> Degradation of BHET by <i>S. coelicolor</i> after 18 days of growth on StrepMM Difco agar with and without Mannitol, BHET, and GlcNAc. <b>b</b> The degradation of BHET by S. coelicolor in liquid medium (<i>n</i> = 3). The control samples are displayed as control and only contain NMM with BHET [10 mM]. The addition of GlcNAc [25 mM] to the cultures is indicated with an asterisk. The area percentages were calculated using GraphPad. The areas are presented in percentage compounds present in the culture. BHET is indicated in turquoise and MHET is indicated in magenta. Some impurities are present as a peak around 9.5 min retention time, this compound is called unknown and is presented in purple. <b>c</b> Individual screen of all active strains on StrepMM Difco agar with and without mannitol, BHET, and GlcNAc after 10 days of growth. <b>d</b> Analysis of BHET degradation in agar plugs after 15 days of growth using LC-MS. The area percentage was calculated using GraphPad. *The agar plug of M145 was taken after 18 days. BHET is indicated in turquoise and MHET is indicated in magenta, TPA is represented in black. The statistical significance of the BHET degradation compared to the control is indicated with three asterisks. All error bars display the standard deviation, <i>n</i> = 3, and ***<i>p</i> &lt; 0,0001. Individual data points are shown in Supplementary Fig. 4.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="fig-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5240/11169514/397c8f831012/42003_2024_6414_Fig3_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="797" data-image-height="782" data-image-alt="Fig. 3" data-pmc-id="PMC11169514" data-figure-id="Fig3"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5240/11169514/9d68dd762eba/42003_2024_6414_Fig3_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="797"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="782"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 3. Comparison of the Lipase A… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 3. Comparison of the Lipase A variants. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> a </b> Sequence comparison of the <i> Sc </i> LipA,…</div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 3. Comparison of the Lipase A variants. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>a</b> Sequence comparison of the <i>Sc</i>LipA, <i>S2</i>LipA, and <i>S92</i>LipA indicating the binding residues with yellow asterisks/highlight and the catalytic triad with orange asterisks/highlight. Sequence differences from the different lipases are highlighted in gray, when only one sequence differs, the conserved amino acids are highlighted in black. <b>b</b>–<b>d</b> Predicted model of the structure of <i>Sc</i>LipA (<b>b</b>), <i>S2</i>LipA (<b>c</b>) and <i>S92</i>LipA (<b>d</b>) constructed with AlphaFold 2. The catalytic triad residues are displayed in green and the binding domain residues are displayed in cyan.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="3" data-label-slug="fig-4"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5240/11169514/0087e4186a4e/42003_2024_6414_Fig4_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-3" role="button" data-image-width="791" data-image-height="300" data-image-alt="Fig. 4" data-pmc-id="PMC11169514" data-figure-id="Fig4"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-3" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5240/11169514/2008e78ba381/42003_2024_6414_Fig4_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 4" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="791"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="300"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 4. Expression of the LipA variants… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 4. Expression of the LipA variants in <i> S. coelicolor </i> M145 ΔlipA in NMM and… </p> </strong> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 4. Expression of the LipA variants in <i>S. coelicolor</i> M145 ΔlipA in NMM and TSBS medium. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>a</b> SDS-PAGE of concentrated samples on NMM medium, faint band around ~32 kDa in the overexpression strains, this band is not present in wild-type strain M145. <b>b</b> Western blot of NMM samples showing clear signal around ~32 kDa. <b>c</b> Analysis of BHET degradation in NMM of the wild-type strain, ΔlipA, S3, S5, and S7 using LC-MS (<i>n</i> = 3). Samples were taken at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The percentage of BHET is presented in turquoise, the percentage of MHET in magenta, and the percentage of TPA in black. The area percentage was calculated using GraphPad. <b>d</b> SDS-PAGE of concentrated samples on TSBS medium, a faint band around ~32 kDa was observed in the overexpression strains this band was not present in wild-type strain M145. <b>e</b> Western blot of TSBS samples showing a clear signal around 32 kDa. <b>f</b> Analysis of BHET degradation in TSBS of the wild-type strain, ΔlipA, S3, S5 and S7 using LC-MS. Samples were taken at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The percentage of BHET is presented in turquoise, the percentage of MHET in magenta, and the percentage of TPA in black. The error bars display the standard deviation. All original gel pictures are shown in Supplementary Fig. 8. The graphs containing all individual data points are shown in Supplementary Fig. 9.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="4" data-label-slug="fig-5"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5240/11169514/9794e1234e8f/42003_2024_6414_Fig5_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-4" role="button" data-image-width="667" data-image-height="500" data-image-alt="Fig. 5" data-pmc-id="PMC11169514" data-figure-id="Fig5"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-4" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5240/11169514/9296f36e050a/42003_2024_6414_Fig5_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 5" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="667"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="500"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 5. Time-lapse images of BHET degradation… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 5. Time-lapse images of BHET degradation by <i> S. coelicolor </i> M145, ΔlipA, S3, S5, and… </p> </strong> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 5. Time-lapse images of BHET degradation by <i>S. coelicolor</i> M145, ΔlipA, S3, S5, and S7. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Time-lapse images at 5-h intervals of wild-type and ΔlipA mutant and overexpression strains S3, S5, and S7 in the presence of BHET particles (diamond-shaped particles). A negative control lacking bacterial inoculation was used to demonstrate that the BHET particles do not undergo natural degradation over time (indicated as control). The scale bar in the top right corner is 10 µm.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="5" data-label-slug="fig-6"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5240/11169514/c835d3bd3c30/42003_2024_6414_Fig6_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-5" role="button" data-image-width="666" data-image-height="882" data-image-alt="Fig. 6" data-pmc-id="PMC11169514" data-figure-id="Fig6"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-5" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5240/11169514/171b2ede1714/42003_2024_6414_Fig6_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 6" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="666"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="882"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 6. Expression and purification of Lipase… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 6. Expression and purification of Lipase A enzymes in E. coli. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> a </b> SDS-PAGE of…</div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 6. Expression and purification of Lipase A enzymes in E. coli. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>a</b> SDS-PAGE of the purified Lipase A variants, along with the PET40 (40), <i>Tf</i>Cut2, LCC, <i>Is</i>PETase (PET) and PET46 (46); 1: Ladder, multicolor broad range protein ladder; 2: <i>S2</i>LipA sample (30 kDa); 3: <i>S92</i>LipA (30 kDa); 4: <i>Sc</i>LipA (30 kDa), 5: PET40 (28 kDa), 6: <i>Tf</i>Cut2 (28 kDa), 7: LCC (27 kDa), <i>Is</i>PETase (27 kDa), 8: PET46 (30 kDa). The Lipase variants show two bands one around 60 kDa and one around 35 kDa. <b>b</b> Western blot using a His-antibody was conducted to identify the purified enzymes of the Lipase A variants. 1: ladder, Spectra multicolor broad range protein marker; 2 till 8: same samples as for the SDS-PAGE <b>c</b> Zymogram of 750 ng of purified enzymes and LipA variants on 1% tributyrin. The Lipase A variants, PET40, <i>Tf</i>Cut2, LCC, and PETase show degradation of tributyrin (yellow spots). NativeMarker used as a marker and visualized by overlaying Native SDS-PAGE with a zymogram. All original gel pictures are shown in Supplementary Fig. 10.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="6" data-label-slug="fig-7"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5240/11169514/8d7c67c163bd/42003_2024_6414_Fig7_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-6" role="button" data-image-width="800" data-image-height="565" data-image-alt="Fig. 7" data-pmc-id="PMC11169514" data-figure-id="Fig7"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-6" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5240/11169514/c80bfb56c9f9/42003_2024_6414_Fig7_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 7" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="565"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 7. Determination of optimal enzyme conditions… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 7. Determination of optimal enzyme conditions and BHET degradation under optimum conditions. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> a </b> –…</div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 7. Determination of optimal enzyme conditions and BHET degradation under optimum conditions. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>a</b>–<b>c</b> Relative activity on para-nitrophenol dodecanoate at different pH for <i>S2</i>LipA (<b>a</b>), <i>S92</i>LipA (<b>b</b>) and <i>Sc</i>LipA (<b>c</b>) (<i>n</i> = 3). The graphs are overlays of the graph containing the error bars and the same graph with the individual data points original graphs are displayed as Supplementary Fig. 13. <b>d</b> Enzymatic BHET degradation using colorimetric assay after 24 and 48 h. The activity of buffer control (black) as a negative control, <i>S2</i>LipA (magenta) <i>S92</i>LipA (turquoise), and <i>Sc</i>LipA (dark purple), the positive controls are displayed as PET40 (lavender), <i>Tf</i>Cut2 (light blue) LCC (black), PET46 (dark blue), and <i>Is</i>PETase (purple). The activity was displayed as the concentration of BHET degraded in mM. The indicated significance displays the significant difference with the buffer (<i>n</i> = 3). The error bars display the standard deviation, ***<i>p</i> &lt; 0,0001.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="7" data-label-slug="fig-8"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5240/11169514/82459b1a330a/42003_2024_6414_Fig8_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-7" role="button" data-image-width="800" data-image-height="534" data-image-alt="Fig. 8" data-pmc-id="PMC11169514" data-figure-id="Fig8"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-7" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5240/11169514/e460ff4cf2d2/42003_2024_6414_Fig8_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 8" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="534"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 8. Effect of <i> Is </i> PETase, <i> Tf… </i> </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 8. Effect of <i> Is </i> PETase, <i> Tf </i> Cut2, <i> S2 </i> LipA, <i> S92 </i> LipA, and <i> Sc </i> LipA… </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Amorphous… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-7" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 8. Effect of <i>Is</i>PETase, <i>Tf</i>Cut2, <i>S2</i>LipA, <i>S92</i>LipA, and <i>Sc</i>LipA on amorphous PET film. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Amorphous PET films after 7 days of incubation with 15 µg/ml enzyme at 25 °C pH 7 at 1000–10.000× magnification. The scalebars in the left panels are equal to 1 µm and apply to all images of the same magnification. Each row displays a different magnification whereas the columns show a different enzyme of incubation.</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="see-all actions-bar"> <button class="show-more" aria-controls="slides-container" data-ga-category="figure" data-ga-action="show_all"> All figures (8) </button> </div> <!-- Root element of PhotoSwipe. Must have class pswp. --> <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog"> <!-- Background of PhotoSwipe. It's a separate element as animating opacity is faster than rgba(). --> <div class="pswp__bg"></div> <!-- Slides wrapper with overflow:hidden. --> <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap"> <!-- Container that holds slides. PhotoSwipe keeps only 3 of them in the DOM to save memory. Don't modify these 3 pswp__item elements, data is added later on. --> <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div> <!-- Default (PhotoSwipeUI_Default) interface on top of sliding area. Can be changed. --> <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar"> <!-- Controls are self-explanatory. Order can be changed. --> <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button> <!-- Preloader demo http://codepen.io/dimsemenov/pen/yyBWoR --> <!-- element will get class pswp__preloader--active when preloader is running --> <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </button> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-dialog-caption"> <div class="figure-caption-link-container"> <a class="figure-caption-link" href="#">See this image and copyright information in PMC</a> </div> <div class="figure-caption-center" data-expand-title="click to show full caption" data-collapse-title="click to hide full caption"> </div> <button class="figure-caption-toggle-btn" aria-label="show full caption" data-expand-text="show full caption" data-collapse-text="hide full caption"> <!-- Dynamic text --> </button> </div> </div> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/39187447/" ref="article_id=39187447&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="39187447" data-ga-label=""> In Silico Analysis and Biochemical Characterization of <em>Streptomyces</em> PET Hydrolase with Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl) Terephthalate Biodegradation Activity. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Thapa G, Han SR, Paudel P, Kim MS, Hong YS, Oh TJ.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Thapa G, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2024 Sep 28;34(9):1836-1847. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2404.04030. Epub 2024 Jul 25.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2024.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">39187447</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/37549040/" ref="article_id=37549040&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="37549040" data-ga-label=""> The metagenome-derived esterase PET40 is highly promiscuous and hydrolyses polyethylene terephthalate (PET). </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Zhang H, Dierkes RF, Perez-Garcia P, Costanzi E, Dittrich J, Cea PA, Gurschke M, Applegate V, Partus K, Schmeisser C, Pfleger C, Gohlke H, Smits SHJ, Chow J, Streit WR.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Zhang H, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">FEBS J. 2024 Jan;291(1):70-91. doi: 10.1111/febs.16924. Epub 2023 Aug 18.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">FEBS J. 2024.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">37549040</span></span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/32510669/" ref="article_id=32510669&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=3" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="32510669" data-ga-label=""> Biodegradation of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate by a newly isolated Enterobacter sp. HY1 and characterization of its esterase properties. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Qiu L, Yin X, Liu T, Zhang H, Chen G, Wu S.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Qiu L, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">J Basic Microbiol. 2020 Aug;60(8):699-711. doi: 10.1002/jobm.202000053. Epub 2020 Jun 8.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">J Basic Microbiol. 2020.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">32510669</span></span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/33797026/" ref="article_id=33797026&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=4" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="33797026" data-ga-label=""> Emerging Roles of PETase and MHETase in the Biodegradation of Plastic Wastes. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Maity W, Maity S, Bera S, Roy A.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Maity W, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2021 Aug;193(8):2699-2716. doi: 10.1007/s12010-021-03562-4. Epub 2021 Apr 1.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2021.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">33797026</span></span> <span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/30048043/" ref="article_id=30048043&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=5" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="30048043" data-ga-label=""> Structural studies reveal the molecular mechanism of PETase. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Chen CC, Han X, Ko TP, Liu W, Guo RT.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Chen CC, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">FEBS J. 2018 Oct;285(20):3717-3723. doi: 10.1111/febs.14612. Epub 2018 Aug 17.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">FEBS J. 2018.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">30048043</span></span> <span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="actions-bar"> <a class="show-all-linked-articles" data-href="/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=38867087" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="show_all" > See all similar articles </a> </div> </div> <div class="references" id="references"> <h2 class="title"> References </h2> <div id='top-references-list' class="references-lists-container"> <div class="refs-list"> <ol id="top-references-list-1" class="references-list"> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Geyer R, Jambeck JR, Law KL. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Sci. Adv. 2017;3:e1700782. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1700782. - <a class="reference-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700782" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="10.1126/sciadv.1700782" > DOI </a> - <a class="reference-link" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5517107/" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="PMC5517107" > PMC </a> - <a class="reference-link" href="/28776036/" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="28776036" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Verschoor J-A, Kusumawardhani H, Ram AFJ, de Winde JH. Toward microbial recycling and upcycling of plastics: prospects and challenges. Front. Microbiol. 2022;0:701. - <a class="reference-link" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8985596/" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="PMC8985596" > PMC </a> - <a class="reference-link" href="/35401461/" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="35401461" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Plastics Europe. Plastics the Facts2023. <a href="https://plasticseurope.org/knowledge-hub/plastics-the-fast-facts-2023/" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="External link: https://plasticseurope.org/knowledge-hub/plastics-the-fast-facts-2023/">https://plasticseurope.org/knowledge-hub/plastics-the-fast-facts-2023/</a> (2023). </li> </ol> </li> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Walker TR, Fequet L. Current trends of unsustainable plastic production and micro(nano) plastic pollution. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 2023;160:116984. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116984. - <a class="reference-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2023.116984" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="10.1016/j.trac.2023.116984" > DOI </a> </li> </ol> </li> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Bahl S, Dolma J, Singh JJ, Sehgal S. Biodegradation of plastics: a state of the art review. Mater. Today Proc. 2021;39:31–34. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.096. - <a class="reference-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.096" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.096" > DOI </a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> <div class="actions-bar"> <button class="show-all" ref="linksrc=show_all_references_link" aria-controls="top-references-list-1" data-next-page-url="/38867087/references/" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="show_more" > Show all 60 references </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mesh-terms" class="mesh-terms keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> MeSH terms </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Bacterial Proteins / chemistry" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Bacterial Proteins / chemistry </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Bacterial Proteins / chemistry"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%2Fchemistry%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%2Fchemistry%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Bacterial Proteins/chemistry&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Bacterial Proteins / chemistry"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Bacterial+Proteins" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Bacterial Proteins / chemistry"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Bacterial Proteins/chemistry&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Bacterial Proteins/chemistry&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Bacterial Proteins / genetics" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Bacterial Proteins / genetics </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Bacterial Proteins / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Bacterial Proteins/genetics&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Bacterial Proteins / genetics"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Bacterial+Proteins" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Bacterial Proteins / genetics"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Bacterial Proteins/genetics&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Bacterial Proteins/genetics&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Bacterial Proteins / metabolism" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Bacterial Proteins / metabolism </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Bacterial Proteins / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Bacterial Proteins/metabolism&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Bacterial Proteins / metabolism"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Bacterial+Proteins" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Bacterial Proteins / metabolism"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Bacterial Proteins/metabolism&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Bacterial Proteins/metabolism&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Biodegradation, Environmental" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Biodegradation, Environmental </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Biodegradation, Environmental"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Biodegradation%2C+Environmental%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Biodegradation%2C+Environmental%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Biodegradation, Environmental&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Biodegradation, Environmental"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Biodegradation%2C+Environmental" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Biodegradation, Environmental"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Biodegradation, Environmental&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Biodegradation, Environmental&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Esterases / chemistry" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Esterases / chemistry </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Esterases / chemistry"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Esterases%2Fchemistry%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Esterases%2Fchemistry%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Esterases/chemistry&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Esterases / chemistry"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Esterases" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Esterases / chemistry"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Esterases/chemistry&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Esterases/chemistry&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Esterases / genetics" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Esterases / genetics </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Esterases / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Esterases%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Esterases%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Esterases/genetics&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Esterases / genetics"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Esterases" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Esterases / genetics"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Esterases/genetics&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Esterases/genetics&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Esterases / metabolism" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Esterases / metabolism </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Esterases / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Esterases%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Esterases%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Esterases/metabolism&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Esterases / metabolism"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Esterases" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Esterases / metabolism"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Esterases/metabolism&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Esterases/metabolism&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Polyethylene Terephthalates / metabolism" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Polyethylene Terephthalates / metabolism </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Polyethylene Terephthalates / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Polyethylene+Terephthalates%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Polyethylene+Terephthalates%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Polyethylene Terephthalates/metabolism&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Polyethylene Terephthalates / metabolism"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Polyethylene+Terephthalates" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Polyethylene Terephthalates / metabolism"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Polyethylene Terephthalates/metabolism&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Polyethylene Terephthalates/metabolism&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Soil Microbiology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Soil Microbiology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Soil Microbiology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Soil+Microbiology%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Soil+Microbiology%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Soil Microbiology&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Soil Microbiology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Soil+Microbiology" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Soil Microbiology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Soil Microbiology&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Soil Microbiology&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Streptomyces coelicolor / enzymology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Streptomyces coelicolor / enzymology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Streptomyces coelicolor / enzymology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Streptomyces+coelicolor%2Fenzymology%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Streptomyces+coelicolor%2Fenzymology%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Streptomyces coelicolor/enzymology&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Streptomyces coelicolor / enzymology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Streptomyces+coelicolor" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Streptomyces coelicolor / enzymology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Streptomyces coelicolor/enzymology&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Streptomyces coelicolor/enzymology&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Streptomyces coelicolor / genetics" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Streptomyces coelicolor / genetics </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Streptomyces coelicolor / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Streptomyces+coelicolor%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Streptomyces+coelicolor%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Streptomyces coelicolor/genetics&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Streptomyces coelicolor / genetics"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Streptomyces+coelicolor" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Streptomyces coelicolor / genetics"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Streptomyces coelicolor/genetics&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Streptomyces coelicolor/genetics&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Streptomyces* / enzymology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-11" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Streptomyces* / enzymology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-11" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Streptomyces* / enzymology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Streptomyces%2Fenzymology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Streptomyces%2Fenzymology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Streptomyces/enzymology&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Streptomyces* / enzymology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Streptomyces" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Streptomyces* / enzymology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Streptomyces/enzymology&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Streptomyces/enzymology&quot;[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Streptomyces* / genetics" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-12" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Streptomyces* / genetics </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-12" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Streptomyces* / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Streptomyces%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Streptomyces%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Streptomyces/genetics&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Streptomyces* / genetics"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Streptomyces" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Streptomyces* / genetics"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Streptomyces/genetics&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Streptomyces/genetics&quot;[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Substances </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Bacterial Proteins" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Bacterial Proteins </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Bacterial Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Bacterial Proteins&quot;[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Bacterial Proteins"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Bacterial Proteins"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Bacterial Proteins&quot;[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Bacterial Proteins&quot;[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Esterases" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Esterases </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Esterases"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Esterases%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Esterases%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Esterases&quot;[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Esterases"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Esterases%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Esterases"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Esterases&quot;[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Esterases&quot;[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Polyethylene Terephthalates" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-2" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Polyethylene Terephthalates </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-2" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Polyethylene Terephthalates"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Polyethylene+Terephthalates%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Polyethylene+Terephthalates%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Polyethylene Terephthalates&quot;[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Polyethylene Terephthalates"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Polyethylene+Terephthalates%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Polyethylene Terephthalates"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Polyethylene Terephthalates&quot;[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Polyethylene Terephthalates&quot;[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="related-links" class="related-links"> <h2 class="title"> Related information </h2> <ul class="related-links-list"><li><a title="Related information in MedGen" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen?linkname=pubmed_medgen&amp;from_uid=38867087" ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=38867087&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1"> MedGen </a></li></ul> </div> <div id="linkout" class="linkout"> <h2 class="title"> LinkOut - more resources </h2> <ul class="linkout-list"><li><h3 class="linkout-category">Full Text Sources</h3><ul class="linkout-category-links"><li><a href="https://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/38867087" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=6082&uid=38867087&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=101719179" data-ga-category="link_out" data-ga-action="Full Text Sources" data-ga-label="Europe PubMed Central" > Europe PubMed Central </a></li><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06414-z" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=3094&uid=38867087&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=101719179" data-ga-category="link_out" data-ga-action="Full Text Sources" data-ga-label="Nature Publishing Group" > Nature Publishing Group </a></li><li><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/38867087/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=3494&uid=38867087&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=101719179" data-ga-category="link_out" data-ga-action="Full Text Sources" data-ga-label="PubMed Central" > PubMed Central </a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </main> <div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="Full Text Links Dialog"> <div id="full-text-links-dialog" class="dialog full-text-links-dialog"> <strong class="title">Full text links</strong> <button class="close-overlay" tabindex="3">[x]</button> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06414-z" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=False&amp;PrId=3094&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=38867087&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=101719179" title="See full text options at Nature Publishing Group" tabindex="1" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="Nature Publishing Group" data-ga-label="38867087" ><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--www.nature.com-static-images-logos-nature-portfolio-120.png" alt="full text provider logo"><span class="text"> Nature Publishing Group </span></a><a class="link-item pmc " href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/38867087/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=True&amp;PrId=3494&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=38867087&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=101719179" title="Free full text at PubMed Central" tabindex="2" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMC" data-ga-label="38867087" ><span class="text"> Free PMC article </span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="Citation Dialog"> <div class="dialog citation-dialog"> <button class="close-overlay" tabindex="1">[x]</button> <div class="title">Cite</div> <div class="citation-text-block"> <div class="citation-text"></div> <div class="citation-actions"> <button class="copy-button dialog-focus" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="copy" tabindex="2"> Copy </button> <form method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="gJt5r2WXWfNsCXC4oUOO03DcSgAA4p2rSlAGTI8weSTSTFQkpC3X9jVJdt6zHIgi"> <button type="submit" class="export-button" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="download" title="Download a file for external citation management software" tabindex="3"> <span class="download-title">Download .nbib</span> <span class="download-title-mobile">.nbib</span> </button> </form> <div class="citation-style-selector-wrapper"> <label class="selector-label">Format:</label> <select aria-label="Format" class="citation-style-selector" tabindex="4"> <option data-style-url-name="ama" value="AMA" > AMA </option> <option data-style-url-name="apa" value="APA" > APA </option> <option data-style-url-name="mla" value="MLA" > MLA </option> <option data-style-url-name="nlm" value="NLM" selected="selected"> NLM </option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="More Actions Dialog"> <div id="more-actions-dialog" class="dialog more-actions-dialog"> <strong class="title">Send To</strong> <ul class="more-actions-links"> <li><a id="clipboard-trigger" role="button" class="submit-button clipboard-trigger clipboard-trigger-target dialog-focus link-item " href="#">Clipboard</a></li> <li><a class="email-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Email</a></li> <li><a class="save-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Save</a></li> <li><a class="link-item" role="button" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F38867087%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li> <li><a class="link-item" role="button" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F38867087%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li> <li><a class="citation-manager-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Citation Manager</a></li> </ul> <button class="close-overlay">[x]</button> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ncbi-footer"> <div class="literature-footer" role="complementary" title="Links to NCBI Literature Resources"> <div class="usa-grid"> <p class="literature-footer-text">NCBI Literature Resources</p> <p class="literature-footer-text"> <a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/">MeSH</a> <a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="pmc_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/">PMC</a> <a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="bookshelf_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books">Bookshelf</a> <a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" href="/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a> </p> <p class="literature-footer-text attribution-statement">The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.</p> </div> </div> <!-- ========== BEGIN FOOTER ========== --> <footer> <section class="icon-section"> <div id="icon-section-header" class="icon-section_header">Follow NCBI</div> <div class="grid-container container"> <div class="icon-section_container"> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ncbi" aria-label="Twitter"> <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 37" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Twitter</title> <g id="twitterx1008"> <path id="path1008" d="M6.06736 7L16.8778 20.8991L6.00001 32.2H10.2L18.6 23.1L25.668 32.2H34L22.8 17.5L31.9 7H28.4L20.7 15.4L14.401 7H6.06898H6.06736ZM9.66753 8.73423H12.9327L29.7327 30.4658H26.5697L9.66753 8.73423Z" fill="#5B616B"/> </g> </svg> </a> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm" aria-label="Facebook"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300"> <title>Facebook</title> <path class="cls-11" d="M210.5,115.12H171.74V97.82c0-8.14,5.39-10,9.19-10h27.14V52l-39.32-.12c-35.66,0-42.42,26.68-42.42,43.77v19.48H99.09v36.32h27.24v109h45.41v-109h35Z"> </path> </svg></a> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm" aria-label="LinkedIn"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300"> <title>LinkedIn</title> <path class="cls-11" d="M101.64,243.37H57.79v-114h43.85Zm-22-131.54h-.26c-13.25,0-21.82-10.36-21.82-21.76,0-11.65,8.84-21.15,22.33-21.15S101.7,78.72,102,90.38C102,101.77,93.4,111.83,79.63,111.83Zm100.93,52.61A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,163,182v61.39H119.18s.51-105.23,0-114H163v13a54.33,54.33,0,0,1,34.54-12.66c26,0,44.39,18.8,44.39,55.29v58.35H198.1V182A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,180.56,164.44Z"> </path> </svg></a> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_github" href="https://github.com/ncbi" aria-label="GitHub"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300"> <defs> <style> .cls-11, .cls-12 { fill: #737373; } .cls-11 { fill-rule: evenodd; } </style> </defs> <title>GitHub</title> <path class="cls-11" d="M151.36,47.28a105.76,105.76,0,0,0-33.43,206.1c5.28,1,7.22-2.3,7.22-5.09,0-2.52-.09-10.85-.14-19.69-29.42,6.4-35.63-12.48-35.63-12.48-4.81-12.22-11.74-15.47-11.74-15.47-9.59-6.56.73-6.43.73-6.43,10.61.75,16.21,10.9,16.21,10.9,9.43,16.17,24.73,11.49,30.77,8.79,1-6.83,3.69-11.5,6.71-14.14C108.57,197.1,83.88,188,83.88,147.51a40.92,40.92,0,0,1,10.9-28.39c-1.1-2.66-4.72-13.42,1-28,0,0,8.88-2.84,29.09,10.84a100.26,100.26,0,0,1,53,0C198,88.3,206.9,91.14,206.9,91.14c5.76,14.56,2.14,25.32,1,28a40.87,40.87,0,0,1,10.89,28.39c0,40.62-24.74,49.56-48.29,52.18,3.79,3.28,7.17,9.71,7.17,19.58,0,14.15-.12,25.54-.12,29,0,2.82,1.9,6.11,7.26,5.07A105.76,105.76,0,0,0,151.36,47.28Z"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M85.66,199.12c-.23.52-1.06.68-1.81.32s-1.2-1.06-.95-1.59,1.06-.69,1.82-.33,1.21,1.07.94,1.6Zm-1.3-1"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M90,203.89c-.51.47-1.49.25-2.16-.49a1.61,1.61,0,0,1-.31-2.19c.52-.47,1.47-.25,2.17.49s.82,1.72.3,2.19Zm-1-1.08"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M94.12,210c-.65.46-1.71,0-2.37-.91s-.64-2.07,0-2.52,1.7,0,2.36.89.65,2.08,0,2.54Zm0,0"></path> <path class="cls-12" d="M99.83,215.87c-.58.64-1.82.47-2.72-.41s-1.18-2.06-.6-2.7,1.83-.46,2.74.41,1.2,2.07.58,2.7Zm0,0"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M107.71,219.29c-.26.82-1.45,1.2-2.64.85s-2-1.34-1.74-2.17,1.44-1.23,2.65-.85,2,1.32,1.73,2.17Zm0,0"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M116.36,219.92c0,.87-1,1.59-2.24,1.61s-2.29-.68-2.3-1.54,1-1.59,2.26-1.61,2.28.67,2.28,1.54Zm0,0"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M124.42,218.55c.15.85-.73,1.72-2,1.95s-2.37-.3-2.52-1.14.73-1.75,2-2,2.37.29,2.53,1.16Zm0,0"></path> </svg></a> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_blog" href="https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" aria-label="Blog"> <svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#737373;}</style></defs><path class="cls-1" d="M14,30a4,4,0,1,1-4-4,4,4,0,0,1,4,4Zm11,3A19,19,0,0,0,7.05,15a1,1,0,0,0-1,1v3a1,1,0,0,0,.93,1A14,14,0,0,1,20,33.07,1,1,0,0,0,21,34h3a1,1,0,0,0,1-1Zm9,0A28,28,0,0,0,7,6,1,1,0,0,0,6,7v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1A23,23,0,0,1,29,33a1,1,0,0,0,1,1h3A1,1,0,0,0,34,33Z"/></svg> </a> </div> </div> </section> <section class="container-fluid bg-primary"> <div class="container pt-5"> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12"> <p><a class="text-white" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html">Connect with NLM</a></p> <ul class="list-inline social_media"> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH" aria-label="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <svg width="35" height="35" viewBox="0 0 38 35" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Twitter</title> <g id="twitterx1009" clip-path="url(#clip0_65276_3946)"> <path id="Vector" d="M17.5006 34.6565C26.9761 34.6565 34.6575 26.9751 34.6575 17.4996C34.6575 8.02416 26.9761 0.342773 17.5006 0.342773C8.02514 0.342773 0.34375 8.02416 0.34375 17.4996C0.34375 26.9751 8.02514 34.6565 17.5006 34.6565Z" fill="#205493" stroke="white" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-miterlimit="10"></path> <path id="path1009" d="M8.54811 8.5L16.2698 18.4279L8.50001 26.5H11.5L17.5 20L22.5486 26.5H28.5L20.5 16L27 8.5H24.5L19 14.5L14.5007 8.5H8.54927H8.54811ZM11.1197 9.73873H13.4519L25.4519 25.2613H23.1926L11.1197 9.73873Z" fill="white"></path> </g> <defs> <clipPath id="clip0_65276_3946"> <rect width="38" height="38" fill="white"></rect> </clipPath> </defs> </svg></a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve"> <style type="text/css"> .st10 { fill: #FFFFFF; } .st110 { fill: none; stroke: #FFFFFF; stroke-width: 8; stroke-miterlimit: 10; } </style> <title>SM-Facebook</title> <g> <g> <path class="st10" d="M159,99.1h-24V88.4c0-5,3.3-6.2,5.7-6.2h16.8V60l-24.4-0.1c-22.1,0-26.2,16.5-26.2,27.1v12.1H90v22.5h16.9 v67.5H135v-67.5h21.7L159,99.1z"></path> </g> </g> <circle class="st110" cx="123.6" cy="123.2" r="108.2"></circle> </svg> </a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH" aria-label="Youtube" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve"> <title>SM-Youtube</title> <style type="text/css"> .st4 { fill: none; stroke: #FFFFFF; stroke-width: 8; stroke-miterlimit: 10; } .st5 { fill: #FFFFFF; } </style> <circle class="st4" cx="124.2" cy="123.4" r="108.2"></circle> <g transform="translate(0,-952.36218)"> <path class="st5" d="M88.4,1037.4c-10.4,0-18.7,8.3-18.7,18.7v40.1c0,10.4,8.3,18.7,18.7,18.7h72.1c10.4,0,18.7-8.3,18.7-18.7 v-40.1c0-10.4-8.3-18.7-18.7-18.7H88.4z M115.2,1058.8l29.4,17.4l-29.4,17.4V1058.8z"></path> </g> </svg></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12"> <p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br> <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br> Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg"> <p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br> <a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white">FOIA</a><br> <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg"> <p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br> <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br> <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 centered-lg"> <nav class="bottom-links"> <ul class="mt-3"> <li> <a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </section> </footer> <!-- ========== END FOOTER ========== --> <!-- javascript to inject NWDS meta tags. Note: value of nwds_version is updated by "npm version" command --> <script type="text/javascript"> var nwds_version = "1.2.3"; var meta_nwds_ver = document.createElement('meta'); meta_nwds_ver.name = 'ncbi_nwds_ver'; meta_nwds_ver.content = nwds_version; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(meta_nwds_ver); var meta_nwds = document.createElement('meta'); meta_nwds.name = 'ncbi_nwds'; meta_nwds.content = 'yes'; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(meta_nwds); var alertsUrl = "/core/alerts/alerts.js"; if (typeof ncbiBaseUrl !== 'undefined') { alertsUrl = ncbiBaseUrl + alertsUrl; } </script> </div> <!-- jQuery with plugins --> <script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/CACHE/js/output.293fbf76aa18.js"></script> <!-- Project base scripts --> <script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/CACHE/js/output.550e9c8906a2.js"></script> <script> ncbi.awesome.basePage.init({ userInfo: { isLoggedIn: false, username: "", loginUrl: "https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F38867087%2F", logoutUrl: "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38867087/" }, baseUrl: 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov', noSessionCookieName: "pm-ns", searchIdCookieName: "pm-sid", adjNavSearchIdCookieName: "pm-adjnav-sid", searchFormSubmittedCookieName: "pm-sfs", isOnSearchPageCookieName: "pm-iosp", backToSearchCookieName: "pm-btsl", clinicalSeeAllCookieName: "pm-csa", jsCookieDomain: "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", userShareRequestFailed: "", noSharedSettings: "myncbi_no_shared_settings", noSharedAccount: "myncbi_no_shared_account" }); </script> <script type="module"> import dismissableNCBIAlert from "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/core/dismissable-ncbi-alert.js"; jQuery.getScript("https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/alerts/alerts.js", function () { galert(['body > *:last-child']); dismissableNCBIAlert(); }).fail(function() { }); </script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/pinger/pinger.js"> </script> <script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/CACHE/js/output.04d45d85d031.js"></script> <script> ncbi.awesome.articlePage.init({ baseSuggestionsUrl: "/suggestions/", mathJaxUrl: "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/mathjax/unpacked/MathJax.js?config=MML_CHTML", clipboardAPIRoot: "/ajax/clipboard/", clipboardNextPageUrl: "/clipboard-next-page/", searchIdCookieName: "pm-sid", searchFormSubmittedCookieName: "pm-sfs", backToSearchCookieName: "pm-btsl", jsCookieDomain: "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", longTermPrefix: "longquery", adjNavURLPath: "/38867087/adj-nav/", adjNavSearchIdCookieName: "pm-adjnav-sid", articlePageUrl: "/38867087/", markJSUrl: "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/mark.js/dist/jquery.mark.js", termHighlightColor: "", highlightedTokens: "", citeFormatPreferenceCookieName: "pm-cf" }); </script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10