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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Limo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referencoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidu_ankaŭ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vidu ankaŭ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Enhavo" 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class="mw-page-title-main">Ekstertero</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 121 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-121" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">121 lingvoj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruimte" title="Ruimte — afrikansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ruimte" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodor" title="Rodor — Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Rodor" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="अंतरिक्ष — angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अंतरिक्ष" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A" title="فضاء خارجي — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فضاء خارجي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="فضاء براني — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فضاء براني" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%89" title="الفضاء الخارجى — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الفضاء الخارجى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espaciu_esterior" title="Espaciu esterior — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Espaciu esterior" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos" title="Kosmos — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kosmos" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ائشیک فضاسی — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ائشیک فضاسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Касмічная прастора — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Касмічная прастора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Касьмічная прастора — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Касьмічная прастора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Космическо пространство — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Космическо пространство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="अंतरिक्ष — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अंतरिक्ष" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6" title="মহাকাশ — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহাকাশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egor" title="Egor — bretona" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Egor" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanjski_svemir" title="Vanjski svemir — bosna" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vanjski svemir" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Огторгойн орон зай — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Огторгойн орон зай" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="elstara artikolo"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espai_exterior" title="Espai exterior — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espai exterior" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Космосан есалла — ĉeĉena" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Космосан есалла" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ĉeĉena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="بۆشاییی دەرەکی — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆشاییی دەرەکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feza" title="Feza — Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Feza" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmick%C3%BD_prostor" title="Kosmický prostor — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kosmický prostor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5_%D1%83%C3%A7%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95" title="Тĕнче уçлăхĕ — ĉuvaŝa" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕнче уçлăхĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ĉuvaŝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_gofod" title="Y gofod — kimra" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y gofod" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ydre_rum" title="Ydre rum — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ydre rum" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltraum" title="Weltraum — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weltraum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Διάστημα — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διάστημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="leginda artikolo"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Outer space" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espacio_exterior" title="Espacio exterior — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Espacio exterior" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos" title="Kosmos — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kosmos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanpo-espazio" title="Kanpo-espazio — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kanpo-espazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88" title="ماورای جو — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماورای جو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avaruus" title="Avaruus — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Avaruus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espace_(cosmologie)" title="Espace (cosmologie) — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Espace (cosmologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_sp%C3%A1s_amuigh" title="An spás amuigh — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An spás amuigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="太空 — Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="太空" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8spas_(kosmoloji)" title="Lèspas (kosmoloji) — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lèspas (kosmoloji)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espazo_exterior" title="Espazo exterior — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Espazo exterior" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B6" title="શૂન્યાવકાશ — guĝarata" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="શૂન્યાવકાશ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guĝarata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9C" title="חלל — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חלל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="अंतरिक्ष — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंतरिक्ष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svemirsko_prostranstvo" title="Svemirsko prostranstvo — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Svemirsko prostranstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="elstara artikolo"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vil%C3%A1g%C5%B1r" title="Világűr — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Világűr" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տիեզերական տարածություն — armena" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տիեզերական տարածություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luar_angkasa" title="Luar angkasa — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Luar angkasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geimur" title="Geimur — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Geimur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spazio_(astronomia)" title="Spazio (astronomia) — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spazio (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="宇宙空間 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="宇宙空間" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outa_spies" title="Outa spies — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Outa spies" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallunt_tuffi%C9%A3t" title="Tallunt tuffiɣt — kabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tallunt tuffiɣt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Ғарыш — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ғарыш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B0%84" title="우주 공간 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우주 공간" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Космос — karaĉaj-balkara" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Космос" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaĉaj-balkara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%9A%D8%A8%D9%95%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نیٚبٕر آسمان — kaŝmira" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نیٚبٕر آسمان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaŝmira" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Космос — kirgiza" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Космос" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatium_(astronomia)" title="Spatium (astronomia) — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Spatium (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltraum" title="Weltraum — luksemburga" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Weltraum" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%88" title="Арш — lezga" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Арш" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ອາວະກາດ — laŭa" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອາວະກາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmin%C4%97_erdv%C4%97" title="Kosminė erdvė — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kosminė erdvė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmisk%C4%81_telpa" title="Kosmiskā telpa — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kosmiskā telpa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habakabaka" title="Habakabaka — malagasa" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Habakabaka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="ബഹിരാകാശം — malajalama" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബഹിരാകാശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сансар — mongola" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сансар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9B_(%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F)" title="ꯑꯇꯤꯡꯀꯣꯛ (ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ) — manipura" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯇꯤꯡꯀꯣꯛ (ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ)" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अंतराळ विज्ञान — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अंतराळ विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkasa_lepas" title="Angkasa lepas — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Angkasa lepas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E" title="အပြင်ဖက်အာကာသ — birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အပြင်ဖက်အာကာသ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Инеменель — erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Инеменель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="अन्तरिक्ष — nepala" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अन्तरिक्ष" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruimte_(astronomie)" title="Ruimte (astronomie) — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ruimte (astronomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdsrommet" title="Verdsrommet — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Verdsrommet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdensrommet" title="Verdensrommet — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Verdensrommet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espaci_(cosmologia)" title="Espaci (cosmologia) — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Espaci (cosmologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Космос — oseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Космос" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="oseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C" title="ਪੁਲਾੜ — panĝaba" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੁਲਾੜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panĝaba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alapaap" title="Alapaap — pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Alapaap" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przestrze%C5%84_kosmiczna" title="Przestrzeń kosmiczna — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przestrzeń kosmiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7" title="خلا — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خلا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="بهرنی تشیال — paŝtua" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بهرنی تشیال" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paŝtua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="leginda artikolo"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%A7o_sideral" title="Espaço sideral — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espaço sideral" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%27usaq_pacha" title="Ch'usaq pacha — keĉua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ch'usaq pacha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keĉua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spa%C8%9Biul_cosmic" title="Spațiul cosmic — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Spațiul cosmic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Космическое пространство — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Космическое пространство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spazziu" title="Spazziu — sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Spazziu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ooter_space" title="Ooter space — skota" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ooter space" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7" title="خلا — sinda" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="خلا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomuvuohta" title="Gomuvuohta — nord-samea" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Gomuvuohta" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nord-samea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svemir_(kosmologija)" title="Svemir (kosmologija) — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Svemir (kosmologija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%BA" title="අභ්‍යවකාශය — sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අභ්‍යවකාශය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Outer space" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmick%C3%BD_priestor_(astron%C3%B3mia)" title="Kozmický priestor (astronómia) — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kozmický priestor (astronómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesoljski_prostor" title="Vesoljski prostor — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vesoljski prostor" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komovuot%C3%A2" title="Komovuotâ — anar-samea" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Komovuotâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="anar-samea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengezeze_reChadenga" title="Dengezeze reChadenga — ŝona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dengezeze reChadenga" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ŝona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hap%C3%ABsira_kozmike" title="Hapësira kozmike — albana" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hapësira kozmike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Свемир (космологија) — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Свемир (космологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rymden" title="Rymden — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rymden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anga-nje" title="Anga-nje — svahila" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Anga-nje" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przestrzy%C5%84stwo_kosmiczne" title="Przestrzyństwo kosmiczne — silezi-pola" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Przestrzyństwo kosmiczne" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silezi-pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF" title="புறவெளி — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புறவெளி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%94%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఔటర్ స్పేస్ — telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఔటర్ స్పేస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8" title="อวกาศ — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อวกาศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos" title="Kosmos — turkmena" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kosmos" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalawakan" title="Kalawakan — tagaloga" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kalawakan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzay" title="Uzay — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uzay" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9E%C3%A4l%C3%A4mi_f%C3%A4za" title="Ğälämi fäza — tatara" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ğälämi fäza" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%95%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%87%D9%82%D9%89" title="ئالەم بوشلۇقى — ujgura" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئالەم بوشلۇقى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80" title="Космічний простір — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Космічний простір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%A8%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B7" title="فضائے بسیط — urduo" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فضائے بسیط" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos" title="Kosmos — uzbeka" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kosmos" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%B4ng_gian_ngo%C3%A0i_thi%C3%AAn_th%E1%BB%83" title="Không gian ngoài thiên thể — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Không gian ngoài thiên thể" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalarakan" title="Kalarakan — varaja" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kalarakan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%B1%82%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="外层空间 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="外层空间" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D" title="უქიანო — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უქიანო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1" title="קאסמאס — jida" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאסמאס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jida" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92furuf%C3%BA" title="Òfurufú — joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òfurufú" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%B1%82%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="外层空间 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="外层空间" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E8%99%9B" title="太虛 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="太虛" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0i-khong" title="Thài-khong — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thài-khong" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="太空 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="太空" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4169#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redakti interlingvajn ligilojn" class="wbc-editpage">Redakti ligilojn</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomspacoj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ekstertero" title="Vidi la artikolon [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikolo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuto:Ekstertero&action=edit&redlink=1" 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Ili kutime havas blankajn, ruĝajn aŭ bluajn nuancojn." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part_d.jpg/290px-Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part_d.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part_d.jpg/435px-Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part_d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part_d.jpg/580px-Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part_d.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Parto de la <a href="/wiki/Ultra-Profunda_Kampo_de_Hublo" title="Ultra-Profunda Kampo de Hublo">Ultra-Profunda Kampo de Hublo</a>-bildo montranta tipan sekcion de spaco enhavanta galaksiojn intermetitajn per profunda vakuo. Konsiderante la finhavan <a href="/wiki/Lumrapido" title="Lumrapido">lumrapidon</a>, ĉi tiu vido kovras la pasintajn 13 miliardojn da jaroj de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kronologio_de_la_universo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kronologio de la universo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">historio</a> de la kosma spaco.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kosma spaco</b>, ofte mallongigita al <b>spaco</b>, estas la vastaĵo kiu ekzistas preter la <a href="/wiki/Tero" title="Tero">Tero</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Atmosfero_de_Tero" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosfero de Tero">ĝia atmosfero</a> kaj inter <a href="/wiki/Astro" title="Astro">ĉielaj korpoj</a>. Kosma spaco ne estas tute malplena—ĝi estas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ultra-alta_vakuo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ultra-alta vakuo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">preskaŭ perfekta vakuo</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> enhavanta malaltan densecon de partikloj, ĉefe <a href="/wiki/Plasmo" title="Plasmo">plasmon</a> de <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno">hidrogeno</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Heliumo" title="Heliumo">heliumo</a>, same kiel <a href="/wiki/Elektromagneta_radiado" title="Elektromagneta radiado">elektromagnetan radiadon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magneta_kampo" title="Magneta kampo">magnetajn kampojn</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosma_ne%C5%ADtrinfono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosma neŭtrinfono (paĝo ne ekzistas)">neŭtrinojn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosma_polvo" title="Kosma polvo">polvon</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Kosma_radiado" title="Kosma radiado">kosmajn radiojn</a>. Ĝi havas efike neniun <a href="/wiki/Froto" title="Froto">froton</a>, permesante al steloj, <a href="/wiki/Planedo" title="Planedo">planedoj</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Lunoj" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunoj">lunoj</a> moviĝi libere laŭ siaj idealaj <a href="/wiki/Orbito" title="Orbito">orbitoj</a>, sekvante la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planeda_formado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planeda formado (paĝo ne ekzistas)">komencan formacion</a>. Observaĵoj indikas ke la plimulto de la <a href="/wiki/Masenergia_ekvivalento" title="Masenergia ekvivalento">masenergio</a> en la <a href="/wiki/Observebla_universo" title="Observebla universo">observebla universo</a> estas <i><a href="/wiki/Malluma_energio" title="Malluma energio">malluma energio</a></i>, speco de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vakuenergio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vakuenergio (paĝo ne ekzistas)">vakuenergio</a> kiu estas nebone komprenita.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intergalaksia spaco okupas la plej grandan parton de la volumeno de la <a href="/wiki/Universo" title="Universo">universo</a>, sed eĉ galaksioj kaj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stelsistemo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stelsistemo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">stelsistemoj</a> konsistas preskaŭ tute el malplena spaco. </p><p>Astronomiaj objektoj, kies origino ne estas en la <a href="/wiki/Sunsistemo" title="Sunsistemo">Sunsistemo</a>, estas nomitaj <i>eksterasolaj</i>. La esprimo <i>ekstertera</i> estas ankaŭ uzata en konekso kun <a href="/wiki/Ekstertera_vivo" title="Ekstertera vivo">ekstertera vivo</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formacio_kaj_stato">Formacio kaj stato</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekstertero&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: Formacio kaj stato" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekstertero&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Formacio kaj stato"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8860200">.mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.5em;font-style:italic}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#202122;color:white;border:1px solid #333333}html.skin-theme-clientpref-light .mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#F9F9F9;color:black;border:1px solid #AAAAAA}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#202122;color:white;border:1px solid #333333}}</style> <div class="cxefartikolo" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/18px-Loupe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/24px-Loupe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="57" /></span></span> Pli detalaj informoj troveblas en artikolo <a href="/wiki/Praeksplodo" title="Praeksplodo">Praeksplodo</a>.</div> <p>La grandeco de la tuta universo estas nekonata, kaj ĝi povus esti senfina laŭ amplekso.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laŭ la teorio de la praeksplodo, la tre frua Universo estis ekstreme varma kaj densa ŝtato antaŭ proksimume <a href="/w/index.php?title=A%C4%9Do_de_la_universo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aĝo de la universo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">13,8 miliardoj da jaroj</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kiu rapide <a href="/wiki/Ekspansio_de_la_universo" title="Ekspansio de la universo">disetendiĝis</a>. Proksimume 380 000 jarojn poste la Universo sufiĉe malvarmiĝis por permesi al protonoj kaj elektronoj kombini kaj formi hidrogenon—la tielnomitan <a href="/wiki/Rekombinigo_(kosmologio)" title="Rekombinigo (kosmologio)">rekombinigepokon</a>. Kiam tio okazis, materio kaj energio iĝis malkunligitaj, permesante al fotonoj vojaĝi libere tra la kontinue vastiĝanta spaco.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Materio kiu restis post la komenca ekspansio poste spertis gravitan kolapson por krei <a href="/wiki/Stelo" title="Stelo">stelojn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galaksio" title="Galaksio">galaksiojn</a> kaj aliajn <a href="/wiki/Astro" title="Astro">astronomiajn objektojn</a>, postlasante profundan vakuon kiu formas tion, kio nun estas nomita kosma spaco.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taksoj metas la mezan energidensecon de la nuna Universo je la ekvivalento de 5,9 protonoj je kuba metro, inkluzive de malluma energio, <a href="/wiki/Malluma_materio" title="Malluma materio">malluma materio</a>, kaj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bariona_materio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bariona materio (paĝo ne ekzistas)">bariona materio</a> (ordinara materio kunmetita de atomoj). La atomoj respondecas pri nur 4,6% de la totala energidenseco, aŭ denseco de unu protono po kvar kubaj metroj.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La denseco de la Universo klare ne estas unuforma; ĝi intervalas de relative alta denseco en galaksioj—inkluzive de tre alta denseco en strukturoj ene de galaksioj, kiel ekzemple planedoj, steloj, kaj <a href="/wiki/Nigra_truo" title="Nigra truo">nigraj truoj</a>—ĝis kondiĉoj en vastaj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malpleno_(astronomio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malpleno (astronomio) (paĝo ne ekzistas)">malplenoj</a> kiuj havas multe pli malaltan densecon, almenaŭ laŭ videbla materio.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limo">Limo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekstertero&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakti sekcion: Limo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekstertero&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Limo"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8859571">.mw-parser-output .apartigilo{background-color:#F9F9F9;color:black;border-bottom:1px solid #AAAAAA;padding:0.5em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .apartigilo{background-color:#202122;color:white;border-bottom:1px solid #333333}html.skin-theme-clientpref-light .mw-parser-output .apartigilo{background-color:#F9F9F9;color:black;border-bottom:1px solid #AAAAAA}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .apartigilo{background-color:#202122;color:white;border-bottom:1px solid #333333}}</style> <div class="apartigilo"><i><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/23px-Disambig-dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/35px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/46px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="340" /></span></span> Por la limo de la universo, vidu la paĝon <a href="/wiki/Observebla_universo" title="Observebla universo">observebla universo</a>.</i></div> <p>Ne estas klara limo inter la <a href="/wiki/Tera_atmosfero" title="Tera atmosfero">tera atmosfero</a> kaj spaco, ĉar la denseco de la atmosfero iom post iom malpliiĝas kiam la alteco pliiĝas. La <a href="/wiki/Linio_de_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Linio de Kármán">linio de <i>Kármán</i></a>, alteco de 100 km super marnivelo, estas konvencie utiligita kiel la komenco de kosma spaco en spactraktatoj kaj por aerspaca rekordo konservado. Tio estas uzita ĉar en alteco de proksimume 100 km (62 mejl.), kiel <a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán">Theodore von Kármán</a> kalkulis, veturilo devus vojaĝi pli rapide ol <a href="/wiki/Orbita_rapido" title="Orbita rapido">orbita rapido</a> por derivi sufiĉan <a href="/wiki/Levoforto" title="Levoforto">aerdinamikan lifton</a> de la atmosfero por apogi sin.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usono nomumas homojn kiuj vojaĝas super alteco de 50 mejl. (80 km) kiel <a href="/wiki/Kosmona%C5%ADto" title="Kosmonaŭto">kosmonaŭtoj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencoj">Referencoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekstertero&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakti sekcion: Referencoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekstertero&action=edit&section=3" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Referencoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-small" style="padding-right: 6px;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Roth-2012">Roth, A..  (2012) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oBqs3sr9r48C&pg=PA6">Vacuum Technology</a></i>. Elsevier, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">p. 6</span>. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780444598745" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780444598745</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602083852/http://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy/">Dark Energy, Dark Matter</a>. <i>NASA Science</i>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy/">la originalo</a> je 2013-06-02. “Montriĝas, ke ĉirkaŭ 68% de la Universo estas malluma energio. Mallumo materio konsistigas ĉirkaŭ 27%.”.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Freedman-2005">Freedman, Roger A.; Kaufmann, William J..  (2005) <i>Universe</i>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">7‑a eldono</span>, New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780716786948" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7167-8694-8</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Liddle-2015">Liddle, Andrew.  (2015) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/An_Introduction_to_Modern_Cosmology/4lPWBgAAQBAJ?gbpv=1&pg=PA33">An Introduction to Modern Cosmology</a></i>. John Wiley. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9781118502143" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9781118502143</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Planck Collaboration (2014). “Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results”, <i>Astronomy & Astrophysics</i> <b>571</b>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">p. 1</span>. <a href="/wiki/Cifereca_objekta_identigilo" title="Cifereca objekta identigilo">doi</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201321529" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321529">10.1051/0004-6361/201321529</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibliografia_kodo" title="Bibliografia kodo">Bibkodo</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014A%26A...571A...1P/abstract" class="extiw" title="bibcode:2014A&A...571A...1P">2014A&A...571A...1P</a>. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1303.5062" class="extiw" title="arxiv:1303.5062">1303.5062</a>.</cite><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Turner, Michael S. (septembro 2009). “Origin of the Universe”, <i>Scientific American</i> <b>301</b> (3), <span style="white-space:nowrap;">p. 36–43</span>. <a href="/wiki/Cifereca_objekta_identigilo" title="Cifereca objekta identigilo">doi</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0909-36" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0909-36">10.1038/scientificamerican0909-36</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibliografia_kodo" title="Bibliografia kodo">Bibkodo</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009SciAm.301c..36T/abstract" class="extiw" title="bibcode:2009SciAm.301c..36T">2009SciAm.301c..36T</a>.</cite><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Silk-2000">Silk, Joseph.  (2000) <i>The Big Bang</i>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">3‑a eldono</span>, Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780805072563" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8050-7256-3</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Wollack, Edward J..  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726014944/http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_matter.html">What is the Universe Made Of?</a>. NASA (2011-06-24). Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_matter.html">la originalo</a> je 2016-07-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Krumm, N.; Brosch, N. (oktobro 1984). “Neutral hydrogen in cosmic voids”, <i>Astronomical Journal</i> <b>89</b>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">p. 1461–1463</span>. <a href="/wiki/Cifereca_objekta_identigilo" title="Cifereca objekta identigilo">doi</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1086/113647" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1086/113647">10.1086/113647</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibliografia_kodo" title="Bibliografia kodo">Bibkodo</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984AJ.....89.1461K/abstract" class="extiw" title="bibcode:1984AJ.....89.1461K">1984AJ.....89.1461K</a>.</cite><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-O'Leary-2009">O'Leary, Beth Laura.  (2009) Darrin, Ann Garrison: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dTwIDun4MroC&pg=PA84">Handbook of space engineering, archaeology, and heritage</a></i>, Advances in engineering. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9781420084313" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4200-8431-3</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117034012/http://aerospaceengineering.aero/where-does-space-begin/">Where does space begin?</a>. Aerospace Engineering. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aerospaceengineering.aero/where-does-space-begin/">la originalo</a> je 2015-11-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Wong-2010">Wong, Wilson; Fergusson, James Gordon.  (2010) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GFg5CqCojqQC&pg=PA16">Military space power: a guide to the issues</a></i>, Contemporary military, strategic, and security issues. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780313356803" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-313-35680-3</a>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidu_ankaŭ"><span id="Vidu_anka.C5.AD"></span>Vidu ankaŭ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekstertero&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakti sekcion: Vidu ankaŭ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekstertero&action=edit&section=4" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Vidu ankaŭ"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centro_Nacia_de_Eksterteraj_Studoj" title="Centro Nacia de Eksterteraj Studoj">Centro Nacia de Eksterteraj Studoj</a> de Francio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komitato_pri_Kosma_Esplorado" title="Komitato pri Kosma Esplorado">Komitato pri Kosma Esplorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmokonkuro" title="Kosmokonkuro">Kosmokonkuro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmostacio" title="Kosmostacio">Kosmostacio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listo_de_kosmaj_agentejoj" title="Listo de kosmaj agentejoj">Listo de kosmaj agentejoj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oficejo_de_Unui%C4%9Dintaj_Nacioj_por_Eksterteraj_Aferoj" title="Oficejo de Unuiĝintaj Nacioj por Eksterteraj Aferoj">Oficejo de Unuiĝintaj Nacioj por Eksterteraj Aferoj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradokso_de_Olbers" title="Paradokso de Olbers">Paradokso de <i>Olbers</i></a></li></ul> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Banner-earth-notext.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Banner-earth-notext.png/775px-Banner-earth-notext.png" decoding="async" width="775" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Banner-earth-notext.png 1.5x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="172" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="float: right; 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