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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation_and_early_pilots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Formation and early pilots </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation_and_early_pilots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II_(1939–1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II_(1939–1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 World War II (1939–1945) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II_(1939–1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_years_of_independence_(1947–1950)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_years_of_independence_(1947–1950)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 First years of independence (1947–1950) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_years_of_independence_(1947–1950)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Congo_crisis_and_Annexation_of_Goa_(1960–1961)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congo_crisis_and_Annexation_of_Goa_(1960–1961)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Congo crisis and Annexation of Goa (1960–1961) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congo_crisis_and_Annexation_of_Goa_(1960–1961)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Border_disputes_and_changes_in_the_IAF_(1962–1971)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Border_disputes_and_changes_in_the_IAF_(1962–1971)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Border disputes and changes in the IAF (1962–1971) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Border_disputes_and_changes_in_the_IAF_(1962–1971)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bangladesh_Liberation_War_(1971)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangladesh_Liberation_War_(1971)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Bangladesh Liberation War (1971) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangladesh_Liberation_War_(1971)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incidents_before_Kargil_(1984–1988)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incidents_before_Kargil_(1984–1988)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Incidents before Kargil (1984–1988) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incidents_before_Kargil_(1984–1988)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kargil_War_(1999)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kargil_War_(1999)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Kargil War (1999) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kargil_War_(1999)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_Kargil_incidents_(1999–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_Kargil_incidents_(1999–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Post Kargil incidents (1999–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_Kargil_incidents_(1999–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2019_Balakot_airstrike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_Balakot_airstrike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9.1 2019 Balakot airstrike </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_Balakot_airstrike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019_India–Pakistan_standoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_India–Pakistan_standoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9.2 2019 India–Pakistan standoff </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_India–Pakistan_standoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Structure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Structure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Commands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Wings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Stations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Squadrons_and_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Squadrons_and_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Squadrons and units </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Squadrons_and_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Flights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Sections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Garud_Commando_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garud_Commando_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Garud Commando Force </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garud_Commando_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defence_Space_Agency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defence_Space_Agency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Defence Space Agency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defence_Space_Agency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Display_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Display_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Display teams </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Display_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Personnel </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personnel subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rank_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rank_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Rank structure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rank_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Officers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Officers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Officers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airmen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airmen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 Airmen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airmen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_officers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_officers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Honorary officers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_officers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non_combatants_enrolled_and_civilians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non_combatants_enrolled_and_civilians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Non combatants enrolled and civilians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non_combatants_enrolled_and_civilians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Training and education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aircraft_inventory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft_inventory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Aircraft inventory </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aircraft_inventory-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aircraft inventory subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aircraft_inventory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Multi-role_fighters_and_strike_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-role_fighters_and_strike_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Multi-role fighters and strike aircraft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multi-role_fighters_and_strike_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airborne_early_warning_and_control_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airborne_early_warning_and_control_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Airborne early warning and control system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airborne_early_warning_and_control_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aerial_refuelling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aerial_refuelling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Aerial refuelling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aerial_refuelling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Transport aircraft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trainer_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trainer_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Trainer aircraft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trainer_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Helicopters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helicopters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Helicopters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helicopters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unmanned_Aerial_Vehicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unmanned_Aerial_Vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unmanned_Aerial_Vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missile_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missile_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Missile systems </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Missile_systems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Missile systems subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Missile_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anti-tank_guided_missiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-tank_guided_missiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Anti-tank guided missiles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-tank_guided_missiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ballistic_and_Cruise_missiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ballistic_and_Cruise_missiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Ballistic and Cruise missiles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ballistic_and_Cruise_missiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_Defence_Systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_Defence_Systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Air Defence Systems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_Defence_Systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Future </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Future-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Future subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Future-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Renaming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renaming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Renaming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renaming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expected_future_acquisitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expected_future_acquisitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Expected future acquisitions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expected_future_acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Single-engined_fighter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Single-engined_fighter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Single-engined fighter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Single-engined_fighter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_acquisitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_acquisitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Current acquisitions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DRDO_and_HAL_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DRDO_and_HAL_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 DRDO and HAL projects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DRDO_and_HAL_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Network-centric_warfare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Network-centric_warfare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Network-centric warfare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Network-centric_warfare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Indian Air Force</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" > 42 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiese_Lugmag" title="Indiese Lugmag – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Indiese Lugmag" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="القوات الجوية الهندية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القوات الجوية الهندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="ভারতীয় বিমানবাহিনী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতীয় বিমানবাহিনী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Вайскова-паветраныя сілы Індыі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вайскова-паветраныя сілы Індыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="भारतीय एयर फोर्स – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भारतीय एयर फोर्स" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indick%C3%A9_letectvo" title="Indické letectvo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indické letectvo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indische_Luftstreitkr%C3%A4fte" title="Indische Luftstreitkräfte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indische Luftstreitkräfte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerza_A%C3%A9rea_India" title="Fuerza Aérea India – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fuerza Aérea India" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="نیروی هوایی هند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروی هوایی هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_a%C3%A9rienne_indienne" title="Force aérienne indienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Force aérienne indienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forza_A%C3%A9rea_da_India" title="Forza Aérea da India – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Forza Aérea da India" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0" title="인도 공군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도 공군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीय वायुसेना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय वायुसेना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_India" title="Angkatan Udara India – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angkatan Udara India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bh%C4%81rat%C4%ABya_V%C4%81yu_Sen%C4%81" title="Bhāratīya Vāyu Senā – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bhāratīya Vāyu Senā" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99" title="חיל האוויר ההודי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיל האוויר ההודי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಾಯುಸೇನೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಾಯುಸೇನೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8" title="ഭാരതീയ വായുസേന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭാരതീയ വായുസേന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीय वायुसेना – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारतीय वायुसेना" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentera_Udara_India" title="Tentera Udara India – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tentera Udara India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiase_luchtmacht" title="Indiase luchtmacht – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Indiase luchtmacht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीय वायुसेना – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारतीय वायुसेना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D" title="インド空軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド空軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indias_flyv%C3%A5pen" title="Indias flyvåpen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Indias flyvåpen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE" title="ଭାରତୀୟ ବାୟୁସେନା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାରତୀୟ ବାୟୁସେନା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਹਵਾਈ ਸੈਨਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਹਵਾਈ ਸੈਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC" title="بھارتی ہوائی فوج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھارتی ہوائی فوج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indyjskie_Si%C5%82y_Powietrzne" title="Indyjskie Siły Powietrzne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indyjskie Siły Powietrzne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%A7a_A%C3%A9rea_Indiana" title="Força Aérea Indiana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Força Aérea Indiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Военно-воздушные силы Индии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Военно-воздушные силы Индии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीयवायुसेना – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भारतीयवायुसेना" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9_%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AD_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Indian Air Force" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indick%C3%A9_vzdu%C5%A1n%C3%A9_sily" title="Indické vzdušné sily – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Indické vzdušné sily" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intian_ilmavoimat" title="Intian ilmavoimat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Intian ilmavoimat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiens_flygvapen" title="Indiens flygvapen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indiens flygvapen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88" title="இந்திய வான்படை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்திய வான்படை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%82" title="భారత వైమానిక దళం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భారత వైమానిక దళం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan_Hava_Kuvvetleri" title="Hindistan Hava Kuvvetleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindistan Hava Kuvvetleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%97" title="Повітряні сили Індії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Aerial service branch of the Indian Armed Forces</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Indian Air Force</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Badge_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Badge_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg/220px-Badge_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Badge_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg/330px-Badge_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Badge_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg/440px-Badge_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="352" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Badge_of_the_Royal_Air_Force#Related_badges" title="Badge of the Royal Air Force">Badge of the Indian Air Force</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">26 January 1950; 74 years ago (1950-01-26) (as current service) <hr /> 8 October 1932; 92 years ago (1932-10-08) (as <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Air_Force" title="Royal Indian Air Force">Royal Indian Air Force</a>) <hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">Air force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Aerial warfare</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">139,576 active personnel<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> 140,000 reserve personnel<a href="#cite_note-Military2021-2">[2]</a> Approx <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft#Air_Force" title="List of active Indian military aircraft">1926+ aircraft</a><a href="#cite_note-Flightglobal-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-IISS2014_p245-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/23px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/35px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/46px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_Building,_New_Delhi" title="Secretariat Building, New Delhi">Integrated Defence Headquarters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Nabhaḥ Spr̥śaṁ Dīptam (<a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO</a>) <abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr> "Touch the Sky with Glory"<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> (Taken from <a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Mukundananda-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">March</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Quick: Dēśa Pukārē Jaba Saba Kō (When the Country Calls Everyone)</li> <li>Slow: Vāyu Sēnā Niśāna (The Air Force Emblem)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Anniversaries</th><td class="infobox-data">8 October (Air Force Day)<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Notable operations</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947">Indo-Pakistani War of 1947</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vijay_(1961)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Vijay (1961)">Operation Vijay</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cactus-Lilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Cactus-Lilly">Operation Cactus-Lilly</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boyra" title="Battle of Boyra">Battle of Boyra</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Meghdoot" title="Operation Meghdoot">Operation Meghdoot</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Poomalai" title="Operation Poomalai">Operation Poomalai</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Pawan" title="Operation Pawan">Operation Pawan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cactus" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Cactus">Operation Cactus</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy_Atlantic_shootdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Navy Atlantic shootdown">Pakistan Navy Atlantic shootdown</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">2019 Balakot airstrike</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2019)">India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2019)</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_China%E2%80%93India_skirmishes" title="2020–2021 China–India skirmishes">2020–2021 China–India skirmishes</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ganga" title="Operation Ganga">Operation Ganga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianairforce.nic.in/">indianairforce.nic.in</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330658#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief#India" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-Chief</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Chief of the Air Staff (CAS)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Air_Staff_and_Air_Chief_Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Air_Staff_and_Air_Chief_Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Air_Staff_and_Air_Chief_Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Air_Staff_and_Air_Chief_Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Air_Staff_and_Air_Chief_Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Air_Staff_and_Air_Chief_Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Air_chief_marshal_(India)" title="Air chief marshal (India)">Air Chief Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Amar_Preet_Singh" title="Amar Preet Singh">Amar Preet Singh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Vice Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg/34px-Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Air_marshal_(India)" title="Air marshal (India)">Air Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Sujeet_Pushpakar_Dharkar" title="Sujeet Pushpakar Dharkar">Sujeet Pushpakar Dharkar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (DCAS)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg/34px-Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Air_marshal_(India)" title="Air marshal (India)">Air Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Tejinder_Singh" class="mw-disambig" title="Tejinder Singh">Tejinder Singh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Marshal_of_the_Air_Force_%28India%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Marshal_of_the_Air_Force_%28India%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Marshal_of_the_Air_Force_%28India%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Marshal_of_the_Air_Force_%28India%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Marshal_of_the_Air_Force_%28India%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Marshal_of_the_Air_Force_%28India%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="Marshal of the Indian Air Force">Marshal of the Indian Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Arjan_Singh" title="Arjan Singh">Arjan Singh</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Air_Staff_and_Air_Chief_Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Air_Staff_and_Air_Chief_Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Air_Staff_and_Air_Chief_Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Air_Staff_and_Air_Chief_Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Air_Staff_and_Air_Chief_Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Air_Staff_and_Air_Chief_Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Air_chief_marshal_(India)" title="Air chief marshal (India)">Air Chief Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Pratap_Chandra_Lal" title="Pratap Chandra Lal">Pratap Chandra Lal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg/34px-Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Air_marshal_%28India%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Air_marshal_(India)" title="Air marshal (India)">Air Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Subroto_Mukherjee" class="mw-redirect" title="Subroto Mukherjee">Subroto Mukherjee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Military_aircraft_insignia" title="Military aircraft insignia">Roundel</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Roundel_of_India.svg/80px-Roundel_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Roundel_of_India.svg/120px-Roundel_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Roundel_of_India.svg/160px-Roundel_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="602" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Fin_flash" class="mw-redirect" title="Fin flash">Fin flash</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Fin_Flash_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Fin_Flash_of_India.svg/80px-Fin_Flash_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Fin_Flash_of_India.svg/120px-Fin_Flash_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Fin_Flash_of_India.svg/160px-Fin_Flash_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Ensign#Related_ensigns" title="Royal Air Force Ensign">Flag</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/200px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/300px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/400px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Colour_Award" title="President's Colour Award">President's Colour</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:President%27s_Colour_of_Indian_Air_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/President%27s_Colour_of_Indian_Air_Forces.svg/150px-President%27s_Colour_of_Indian_Air_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/President%27s_Colour_of_Indian_Air_Forces.svg/225px-President%27s_Colour_of_Indian_Air_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/President%27s_Colour_of_Indian_Air_Forces.svg/300px-President%27s_Colour_of_Indian_Air_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="670" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Aircraft flown</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">Attack</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SEPECAT_Jaguar" title="SEPECAT Jaguar">Jaguar</a>, <a href="/wiki/IAI_Eitan" title="IAI Eitan">Eitan</a>, <a href="/wiki/IAI_Harop" title="IAI Harop">Harop</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">Electronic warfare</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/EL/W-2090" title="EL/W-2090">A-50E/I</a>, <a href="/wiki/DRDO_AEW%26CS" title="DRDO AEW&CS">DRDO AEW&CS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighter</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Su-30MKI" class="mw-redirect" title="Su-30MKI">Su-30MKI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rafale" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafale">Rafale</a>, <a href="/wiki/HAL_Tejas" title="HAL Tejas">Tejas</a>, <a href="/wiki/MiG-29" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-29">MiG-29</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirage_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirage 2000">Mirage 2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/MiG-21" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-21">MiG-21</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">Helicopter</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boeing_CH-47_Chinook" title="Boeing CH-47 Chinook">CH-47 Chinook</a>, <a href="/wiki/HAL_Dhruv" title="HAL Dhruv">Dhruv</a>, <a href="/wiki/HAL_Chetak" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Chetak">Chetak</a>, <a href="/wiki/HAL_Cheetah" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Cheetah">Cheetah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-8" title="Mil Mi-8">Mi-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-17" title="Mil Mi-17">Mi-17</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mi-26" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi-26">Mi-26</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Attack_helicopter" title="Attack helicopter">Attack helicopter</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/HAL_Prachand" title="HAL Prachand">Prachand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_AH-64_Apache" title="Boeing AH-64 Apache">Apache AH-64E</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-24" title="Mil Mi-24">Mi-25/35</a>, <a href="/wiki/HAL_Rudra" title="HAL Rudra">Rudra</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Interceptor_aircraft" title="Interceptor aircraft">Interceptor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MiG_21" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG 21">MiG 21</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_aircraft" title="Surveillance aircraft">Reconnaissance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IAI_Searcher" title="IAI Searcher">Searcher II</a>, <a href="/wiki/IAI_Heron" title="IAI Heron">Heron</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Trainer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trainer (aircraft)">Trainer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/BAE_Hawk" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Hawk">Hawk Mk 132</a>, <a href="/wiki/HAL_Kiran" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Kiran">HJT-16 Kiran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-7" title="Pilatus PC-7">Pilatus C-7 Mk II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Cargo_aircraft" title="Cargo aircraft">Transport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C-130J" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130J">C-130J</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-17_Globemaster_III" class="mw-redirect" title="C-17 Globemaster III">C-17 Globemaster III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_CH-47_Chinook" title="Boeing CH-47 Chinook">CH-47F (I) Chinook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Il-76" class="mw-redirect" title="Il-76">Il-76</a>, <a href="/wiki/An-32" class="mw-redirect" title="An-32">An-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/HS_748" class="mw-redirect" title="HS 748">HS 748</a>, <a href="/wiki/Do_228" class="mw-redirect" title="Do 228">Do 228</a>, <a href="/wiki/EADS_CASA_C-295" title="EADS CASA C-295">EADS CASA C-295</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embraer_ERJ_145_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Embraer ERJ 145 family">ERJ 135</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_777" title="Boeing 777">Boeing 777</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">Tanker</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Il-78" class="mw-redirect" title="Il-78">Il-78 MKI</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> The Indian Air Force (IAF) is the <a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">air arm</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a>. Its primary mission is to secure Indian <a href="/wiki/Airspace" title="Airspace">airspace</a> and to conduct <a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">aerial warfare</a> during armed conflicts. It was officially established on 8 October 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> which honoured India's aviation service during World War II with the prefix Royal.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> After India gained <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">independence</a> from <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> in 1947, the name Royal Indian Air Force was kept and served in the name of the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Dominion of India</a>. With the transition to a republic in 1950, the prefix Royal was removed. Since 1950, the IAF has been involved in <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani Wars">four wars</a> with neighbouring Pakistan. Other major operations undertaken by the IAF include <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Operation Vijay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Meghdoot" title="Operation Meghdoot">Operation Meghdoot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cactus" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Cactus">Operation Cactus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Poomalai" title="Operation Poomalai">Operation Poomalai</a>. The IAF's mission expands beyond engagement with hostile forces, with the IAF participating in <a href="/wiki/History_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="History of United Nations peacekeeping">United Nations peacekeeping missions</a>. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> holds the rank of Supreme Commander of the IAF.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> As of 1 July 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Air_Force&action=edit">[update]</a>, 170,576 personnel are in service with the Indian Air Force.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Chief of the Air Staff</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Air_chief_marshal" title="Air chief marshal">air chief marshal</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Four-star_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="Four-star rank">four-star</a> officer and is responsible for the bulk of operational command of the Air Force. There is never more than one serving ACM at any given time in the IAF. The rank of <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshal of the Air Force">Marshal of the Air Force</a> has been conferred by the President of India on one occasion in history, to <a href="/wiki/Arjan_Singh" title="Arjan Singh">Arjan Singh</a>. On 26 January 2002, Singh became the first and so far, only <a href="/wiki/Five-star_rank" title="Five-star rank">five-star rank</a> officer of the IAF.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IAF_Roundels.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/IAF_Roundels.gif/150px-IAF_Roundels.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/IAF_Roundels.gif/225px-IAF_Roundels.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/IAF_Roundels.gif/300px-IAF_Roundels.gif 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Evolution of the IAF roundel over the years:<a href="#cite_note-Heraldry-16">[16]</a> <div><ol><li>1933–1942</li><li>1942–1945</li><li>1947–1950</li><li>1950 – present</li></ol></div></figcaption></figure> The IAF's mission is defined by the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Act" title="Armed Forces Act">Armed Forces Act of 1947</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>, and the Air Force Act of 1950.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> It decrees that in the aerial <a href="/wiki/Battlespace" title="Battlespace">battlespace</a>: <blockquote>Defence of India and every part there of including preparation for defence and all such acts as may be conducive in times of war to its prosecution and after its termination to effective demobilisation.</blockquote> <ul><li>The Primary objective of IAF is to defend the nation and its airspace against Air threats in coordination with Army and Navy.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li> <li>The secondary purpose is to assist civil power during natural calamities and internal disturbances.</li> <li>The IAF provides close air support to the Indian Army troops in the battlefield and also provides strategic and tactical airlift capabilities.</li> <li>IAF also provides strategic air lift or secondary Airlift for the Indian Army.</li> <li>The IAF also operates the Integrated Space Cell together with the other two branches of the Indian Armed Forces, the Department of Space and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).</li> <li>Rescue of civilians during natural disasters</li> <li>Evacuation of Indian nationals from foreign countries in case of instability or other problems</li></ul> In practice, this is taken as a directive meaning the IAF bears the responsibility of safeguarding Indian airspace and thus furthering national interests in conjunction with the other branches of the armed forces. The IAF provides close air support to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> troops on the battlefield as well as strategic and tactical airlift capabilities. The <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Space_Cell" title="Integrated Space Cell">Integrated Space Cell</a> is operated by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a>, the civilian <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Department of Space</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</a>. By uniting the civilian run space exploration organisations and the military faculty under a single Integrated Space Cell the military is able to efficiently benefit from innovation in the civilian sector of space exploration, and the civilian departments benefit as well.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-India_in_aerospace_defence_plan-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-SpaceDaily-20">[20]</a> The Indian Air Force, with highly trained crews, pilots, and access to modern military assets provides India with the capacity to provide rapid response evacuation, search-and-rescue (SAR) operations, and delivery of relief supplies to affected areas via cargo aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-ATCP-21">[21]</a> The IAF provided extensive assistance to relief operations during natural calamities such as the <a href="/wiki/1998_Gujarat_cyclone" title="1998 Gujarat cyclone">Gujarat cyclone in 1998</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami">tsunami in 2004</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2013_North_India_floods" title="2013 North India floods">North India floods</a> in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-ATCP-21">[21]</a> The IAF has also undertaken relief missions such as Operation Rainbow in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ATCP-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="History of the Indian Air Force">History of the Indian Air Force</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Air_Force" title="Royal Indian Air Force">Royal Indian Air Force</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_aircraft_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of historical aircraft of the Indian Air Force">List of historical aircraft of the Indian Air Force</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation_and_early_pilots">Formation and early pilots</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IAF_Wapiti_K1260.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/IAF_Wapiti_K1260.jpg/220px-IAF_Wapiti_K1260.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/IAF_Wapiti_K1260.jpg/330px-IAF_Wapiti_K1260.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/IAF_Wapiti_K1260.jpg/440px-IAF_Wapiti_K1260.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1101" data-file-height="701" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Westland_Wapiti" title="Westland Wapiti">Westland Wapiti</a>, one of the first aircraft of the Indian Air Force</figcaption></figure> The Indian Air Force was established on 8 October 1932 in <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> as an auxiliary air force<a href="#cite_note-clause4-22">[22]</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>. The enactment of the Indian Air Force Act 1932<a href="#cite_note-IAF-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-airpower3-24">[24]</a> stipulated out their auxiliary status and enforced the adoption of the Royal Air Force uniforms, badges, brevets and insignia.<a href="#cite_note-Heraldry1-25">[25]</a> On 1 April 1933, the IAF commissioned its first squadron, No.1 Squadron, with four <a href="/wiki/Westland_Wapiti" title="Westland Wapiti">Westland Wapiti biplanes</a> and five Indian pilots. The Indian pilots were led by British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF</a> Commanding officer Flight Lieutenant (later Air Vice Marshal) <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Bouchier" title="Cecil Bouchier">Cecil Bouchier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Goyal-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II_(1939–1945)">World War II (1939–1945)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India in World War II</a></div> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the IAF played an instrumental role in halting the advance of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Japan">Japanese army</a> in <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a>, where the first IAF air strike was executed. The target for this first mission was the Japanese military base in <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_State" title="Rakhine State">Arakan</a>, after which IAF strike missions continued against the Japanese airbases at <a href="/wiki/Mae_Hong_Son" title="Mae Hong Son">Mae Hong Son</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai" title="Chiang Mai">Chiang Mai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Rai" title="Chiang Rai">Chiang Rai</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>. The IAF was mainly involved in <a href="/wiki/Airstrike" title="Airstrike">strike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">close air support</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerial_reconnaissance" title="Aerial reconnaissance">aerial reconnaissance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bomber_escort" class="mw-redirect" title="Bomber escort">bomber escort</a> and pathfinding missions for RAF and <a href="/wiki/China_Burma_India_Theater#USAAF_Order_of_Battle" class="mw-redirect" title="China Burma India Theater">USAAF</a> heavy bombers. RAF and IAF pilots would train by flying with their non-native air wings to gain combat experience and communication proficiency. Besides operations in the <a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma Theatre</a> IAF pilots participated in air operations in <a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rafmuseum-27">[27]</a> In addition to the IAF, many native Indians and some 200 Indians resident in Britain volunteered to join the <a href="/wiki/RAF" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF">RAF</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Auxiliary_Air_Force" title="Women's Auxiliary Air Force">Women's Auxiliary Air Force</a>. One such volunteer was Sergeant Shailendra Eknath Sukthankar, who served as a navigator with No. 83 Squadron. Sukthankar was commissioned as an officer, and on 14 September 1943, received the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)">DFC</a>. Squadron Leader Sukthankar eventually completed 45 operations, 14 of them on board the <a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_Avro_Lancasters#Surviving_aircraft_2" title="List of surviving Avro Lancasters">RAF Museum's Avro Lancaster R5868</a>. Another volunteer was Assistant Section Officer <a href="/wiki/Noor_Inayat_Khan" title="Noor Inayat Khan">Noor Inayat Khan</a> a Muslim pacifist and Indian nationalist who joined the WAAF, in November 1940, to fight against Nazism. Noor Khan served bravely as a secret agent with the <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive" title="Special Operations Executive">Special Operations Executive</a> (SOE) in France, but was eventually betrayed and captured.<a href="#cite_note-rafmuseum-27">[27]</a> Many of these Indian airmen were seconded or transferred to the expanding IAF such as Squadron Leader <a href="/wiki/Mohinder_Singh_Pujji" title="Mohinder Singh Pujji">Mohinder Singh Pujji</a> DFC who led <a href="/wiki/No._4_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 4 Squadron IAF">No. 4 Squadron IAF</a> in Burma. During the war, the IAF experienced a phase of steady expansion. New aircraft added to the fleet included the US-built <a href="/wiki/Vultee_A-31_Vengeance" title="Vultee A-31 Vengeance">Vultee Vengeance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">Douglas Dakota</a>, the British <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Westland_Lysander" title="Westland Lysander">Westland Lysander</a>. In recognition of the valiant service by the IAF, <a href="/wiki/George_VI_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George VI of the United Kingdom">King George VI</a> conferred the <a href="/wiki/Prefix_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefix (linguistics)">prefix</a> "Royal" in 1945. Thereafter the IAF was referred to as the Royal Indian Air Force. In 1950, when India became a republic, the prefix was dropped and it reverted to being the Indian Air Force.<a href="#cite_note-Ahluwalia2012-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_years_of_independence_(1947–1950)">First years of independence (1947–1950)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Ministry_Second_World_War_Official_Collection_CI75.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Air_Ministry_Second_World_War_Official_Collection_CI75.jpg/220px-Air_Ministry_Second_World_War_Official_Collection_CI75.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Air_Ministry_Second_World_War_Official_Collection_CI75.jpg/330px-Air_Ministry_Second_World_War_Official_Collection_CI75.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Air_Ministry_Second_World_War_Official_Collection_CI75.jpg/440px-Air_Ministry_Second_World_War_Official_Collection_CI75.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> photo: <a href="/wiki/Arjan_Singh" title="Arjan Singh">Arjan Singh</a> (middle) as Flight Lieutenant. He went on to become <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshal of the Air Force">Marshal of the Air Force</a></figcaption></figure> After it became independent from the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> in 1947, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> was <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partitioned</a> into the new states of the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Dominion of India</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a>. Along the lines of the geographical partition, the assets of the air force were divided between the new countries. India's air force retained the name of the Royal Indian Air Force, but three of the ten operational squadrons and facilities, located within the borders of Pakistan, were transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Royal Pakistan Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Engineer-29">[29]</a> The RIAF Roundel was changed to an interim 'Chakra' roundel derived from the <a href="/wiki/Ashoka_Chakra" title="Ashoka Chakra">Ashoka Chakra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Heraldry-16">[16]</a> Around the same time, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">conflict</a> broke out between them over the control of the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">princely state of Jammu & Kashmir</a>. With Pakistani forces moving into the state, its Maharaja decided to accede to India in order to receive military help.<a href="#cite_note-Lyon79-30">[30]</a> The day after, the <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Accession_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" title="Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)">Instrument of Accession</a> was signed, the RIAF was called upon to transport troops into the war zone. And this was when a good management of logistics came into help.<a href="#cite_note-Lyon79-30">[30]</a> This led to the eruption of full-scale war between India and Pakistan, though there was no formal declaration of war.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> During the war, the RIAF did not engage the Pakistan Air Force in air-to-air combat; however, a couple of IAF <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Tempest" title="Hawker Tempest">Hawker Tempest</a> fighters did intercept a <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Pakistani</a> Douglas <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">DC-3</a> transport aircraft & tried to shoot it down but the pilot of the DC-3 (<a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Ahmad_Dogar" title="Mukhtar Ahmad Dogar">Mukhtar Ahmad Dogar</a>) managed to evade the fighters.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Other than that, it also provided effective transport and close air support to the Indian troops.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Consolidated-Vultee_B-24_Liberator_heavy_bomber_over_the_Deccan_plateau_in_the_early_1950s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Consolidated-Vultee_B-24_Liberator_heavy_bomber_over_the_Deccan_plateau_in_the_early_1950s.jpg/220px-Consolidated-Vultee_B-24_Liberator_heavy_bomber_over_the_Deccan_plateau_in_the_early_1950s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Consolidated-Vultee_B-24_Liberator_heavy_bomber_over_the_Deccan_plateau_in_the_early_1950s.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="235" /></a><figcaption>An IAF <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator">Consolidated B-24 Liberator</a> heavy bomber over the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccan plateau">Deccan plateau</a> in the early 1950s</figcaption></figure> When India became a republic in 1950, the prefix 'Royal' was dropped from the Indian Air Force.<a href="#cite_note-airpower4-34">[34]</a> At the same time, the current IAF roundel was adopted.<a href="#cite_note-Heraldry-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congo_crisis_and_Annexation_of_Goa_(1960–1961)">Congo crisis and Annexation of Goa (1960–1961)</h3></div> The IAF saw significant conflict in 1960, when <a href="/wiki/Belgian_colonial_empire" title="Belgian colonial empire">Belgium's 75-year rule</a> over <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_(L%C3%A9opoldville)" title="Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)">Congo</a> ended abruptly, engulfing the nation in <a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">widespread violence and rebellion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The IAF activated <a href="/wiki/No._5_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 5 Squadron IAF">No. 5 Squadron</a>, equipped with <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">English Electric Canberra</a>, to support the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_the_Congo" title="United Nations Operation in the Congo">United Nations Operation in the Congo</a>. The squadron started undertaking operational missions in November.<a href="#cite_note-airpower60-36">[36]</a> The unit remained there until 1966, when the UN mission ended.<a href="#cite_note-airpower60-36">[36]</a> Operating from <a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Leopoldville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kamina" title="Kamina">Kamina</a>, the Canberras soon destroyed the rebel Air Force and provided the UN ground forces with its only long-range air support force.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In late 1961, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Indian government</a> decided to attack the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese colony of Goa</a> after years of disagreement between <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-brgoa1-37">[37]</a> The Indian Air Force was requested to provide support elements to the ground force in what was called <a href="/wiki/Operation_Vijay_(1961)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Vijay (1961)">Operation Vijay</a>. Probing flights by some fighters and bombers were carried out from 8–18 December to draw out the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Air_Force" title="Portuguese Air Force">Portuguese Air Force</a>, but to no avail.<a href="#cite_note-brgoa1-37">[37]</a> On 18 December, two waves of <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">Canberra</a> bombers bombed the runway of Dabolim airfield taking care not to bomb the Terminals and the ATC tower. Two Portuguese transport aircraft (a <a href="/wiki/Super_Constellation" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Constellation">Super Constellation</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">DC-6</a>) found on the airfield were left alone so that they could be captured intact. However the Portuguese pilots managed to take off the aircraft from the still damaged airfield and made their getaway to <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-brgoa1-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hunter" title="Hawker Hunter">Hunters</a> attacked the wireless station at Bambolim. <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">Vampires</a> were used to provide air support to the ground forces.<a href="#cite_note-brgoa1-37">[37]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Daman,_India" title="Daman, India">Daman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Myst%C3%A8re_IV" title="Dassault Mystère IV">Mystères</a> were used to strike Portuguese gun positions.<a href="#cite_note-brgoa1-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Ouragan" title="Dassault Ouragan">Ouragans</a> (called Toofanis in the IAF) bombed the runways at <a href="/wiki/Diu,_India" title="Diu, India">Diu</a> and destroyed the control tower, wireless station and the meteorological station. After the Portuguese surrendered the former colony was integrated into India.<a href="#cite_note-brgoa1-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Border_disputes_and_changes_in_the_IAF_(1962–1971)">Border disputes and changes in the IAF (1962–1971)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Air_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani Air War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani Air War of 1965</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IAF_Hf24_flying_in_formation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/IAF_Hf24_flying_in_formation.jpg/220px-IAF_Hf24_flying_in_formation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/IAF_Hf24_flying_in_formation.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HAL_HF-24_Marut" title="HAL HF-24 Marut">HAL HF-24 Maruts</a> flying in formation. These were the first indigenous fighter jet to enter service with the IAF</figcaption></figure> In 1962, border disagreements between China and India escalated to a war when China mobilised its troops across the Indian border.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-38">[38]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a>, India's military planners failed to deploy and effectively use the IAF against the invading Chinese forces. This resulted in India losing a significant amount of advantage to the Chinese; especially in <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-38">[38]</a> On 24 April 1965, an Indian <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Ouragan" title="Dassault Ouragan">Ouragan</a> strayed over the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistani</a> border and was forced to land by a Pakistani <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">Lockheed F-104 Starfighter</a>, the pilot was returned to India; however, the captured aircraft would be kept by the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Pakistan Air Force(PAF)</a> and ended up being displayed at the PAF museum in <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Three years after the Sino-Indian conflict, in 1965, Pakistan launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Gibraltar" title="Operation Gibraltar">Operation Gibraltar</a>, strategy of Pakistan to infiltrate Jammu and Kashmir, and start a rebellion against Indian rule. This came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Second Kashmir War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SKW-40">[40]</a> This was the first time the IAF actively engaged an enemy air force.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> However, instead of providing close air support to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a>,<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> the IAF carried out independent raids against <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">PAF</a> bases.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> These bases were situated deep inside Pakistani territory, making IAF fighters vulnerable to anti-aircraft fire.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> During the course of the conflict, the PAF enjoyed technological superiority over the IAF and had achieved substantial strategic and tactical advantage due to the suddenness of the attack and advanced state of their air force.<a href="#cite_note-SKW-40">[40]</a> The IAF was restrained by the government from retaliating to PAF attacks in the eastern sector while a substantive part of its combat force was deployed there and could not be transferred to the western sector, against the possibility of Chinese intervention. Moreover, international (UN) stipulations and norms did not permit military force to be introduced into the Indian state of J&K beyond what was agreed during the 1949 ceasefire.<a href="#cite_note-SKW-40">[40]</a> Despite this, the IAF was able to prevent the PAF from gaining air superiority over conflict zones.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The small and nimble IAF <a href="/wiki/Folland_Gnat" title="Folland Gnat">Folland Gnats</a> proved effective against the <a href="/wiki/F-86_Sabre" class="mw-redirect" title="F-86 Sabre">F-86 Sabres</a> of the PAF earning it the nickname "Sabre Slayers".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] By the time the conflict had ended, the IAF lost 60–70 aircraft, while the PAF lost 43 aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-SKW-40">[40]</a> More than 60% of IAF's aircraft losses took place in <a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">ground attack</a> missions to enemy ground-fire, since fighter-bomber aircraft would carry out repeated dive attacks on the same target. According to, <a href="/wiki/Arjan_Singh" title="Arjan Singh">Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singh</a> of the Indian Air Force, despite having been qualitatively inferior, IAF achieved air superiority in three days in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965 War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> After the 1965 war, the IAF underwent a series of changes to improve its capabilities. In 1966, the <a href="/wiki/Para_Commandos_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Para Commandos (India)">Para Commandos</a> regiment was created.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> To increase its logistics supply and rescue operations ability, the IAF inducted 72 <a href="/wiki/HS_748" class="mw-redirect" title="HS 748">HS 748s</a> which were built by <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Aeronautics_Limited" title="Hindustan Aeronautics Limited">Hindustan Aeronautics Limited</a> (HAL) under licence from <a href="/wiki/Avro" title="Avro">Avro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> India started to put more stress on indigenous manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter aircraft</a>. As a result, <a href="/wiki/HAL_HF-24_Marut" title="HAL HF-24 Marut">HAL HF-24 Marut</a>, designed by the famed German <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospace engineer">aerospace engineer</a> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Tank" title="Kurt Tank">Kurt Tank</a>,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> were inducted into the air force. HAL also started developing an improved version of the <a href="/wiki/Folland_Gnat" title="Folland Gnat">Folland Gnat</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/HAL_Ajeet" title="HAL Ajeet">HAL Ajeet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> At the same time, the IAF also started inducting <a href="/wiki/Mach_speed" class="mw-redirect" title="Mach speed">Mach 2</a> capable Soviet <a href="/wiki/MiG-21" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-21">MiG-21</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-7" title="Sukhoi Su-7">Sukhoi Su-7</a> fighters.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bangladesh_Liberation_War_(1971)">Bangladesh Liberation War (1971)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mig21_pair_during_1971_war.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Mig21_pair_during_1971_war.jpg/220px-Mig21_pair_during_1971_war.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Mig21_pair_during_1971_war.jpg/330px-Mig21_pair_during_1971_war.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Mig21_pair_during_1971_war.jpg 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>A pair of <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">MiG-21s</a> during the 1971 war</figcaption></figure> By late 1971, the intensification of the independence movement in <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a> lead to the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a> between India and Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> On 22 November 1971, 10 days before the start of a full-scale war, four <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">PAF</a> <a href="/wiki/F-86_Sabre" class="mw-redirect" title="F-86 Sabre">F-86 Sabre</a> jets attacked Indian and <a href="/wiki/Mukti_Bahini" title="Mukti Bahini">Mukti Bahini</a> positions at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Garibpur" title="Battle of Garibpur">Garibpur</a>, near the international border. Two of the four PAF Sabres <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boyra" title="Battle of Boyra">were shot down</a> and one damaged by the IAF's <a href="/wiki/Folland_Gnat" title="Folland Gnat">Folland Gnats</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> On 3 December, India formally <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">declared war</a> against Pakistan following massive <a href="/wiki/Operation_Chengiz_Khan" title="Operation Chengiz Khan">preemptive strikes</a> by the PAF against Indian Air Force installations in Srinagar, Ambala, Sirsa, Halwara and Jodhpur. However, the IAF did not suffer significantly because the leadership had anticipated such a move and precautions were taken.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The Indian Air Force was quick to respond to Pakistani air strikes, following which the PAF carried out mostly defensive <a href="/wiki/Sorties" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorties">sorties</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Within the first two weeks, the IAF had carried out almost 12,000 sorties over East Pakistan and also provided <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan_Operations_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="East Pakistan Operations 1971">close air support</a> to the advancing Indian Army.<a href="#cite_note-IAF71-56">[56]</a> IAF also assisted the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a> in its operations against the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani Navy">Pakistani Navy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>. On the western front, the IAF destroyed more than 20 Pakistani tanks,<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> 4 <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">APCs</a> and a supply train during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Longewala" title="Battle of Longewala">Battle of Longewala</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The IAF undertook strategic bombing of <a href="/wiki/West_Pakistan" title="West Pakistan">West Pakistan</a> by carrying out raids on oil installations in <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mangla_Dam" title="Mangla Dam">Mangla Dam</a> and a gas plant in Sindh.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Similar strategy was also deployed in East Pakistan and as the IAF achieved complete <a href="/wiki/Air_superiority" class="mw-redirect" title="Air superiority">air superiority</a> on the eastern front, the ordnance factories, runways, and other vital areas of East Pakistan were severely damaged.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> By the time Pakistani forces surrendered, the IAF destroyed 94 PAF Aircraft<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The IAF was able to conduct a wide range of missions – troop support; air combat; deep penetration strikes; para-dropping behind enemy lines; feints to draw enemy fighters away from the actual target; bombing; and reconnaissance. In contrast, the Pakistan Air Force, which was solely focused on air combat, was blown out of the subcontinent's skies within the first week of the war. Those PAF aircraft that survived took refuge at Iranian air bases or in concrete bunkers, refusing to offer a fight.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Hostilities officially ended at 14:30 GMT on 17 December, after the fall of Dacca on 15 December. India claimed large gains of territory in West Pakistan (although pre-war boundaries were recognised after the war), and the independence of Pakistan's East wing as Bangladesh was confirmed. The IAF had flown over 16,000 sorties<a href="#cite_note-IAF71-56">[56]</a> on both East and West fronts; including sorties by transport aircraft and helicopters.<a href="#cite_note-IAF71-56">[56]</a> while the PAF flew about 30 and 2,840. More than 80 per cent of the IAF's sorties were close-support and interdiction, and according to neutral assessments about 45 IAF Aircraft were lost while, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> lost 75 aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_the_Developing_World,_Volume_3-63">[63]</a> Not including any F-6s, Mirage IIIs, or the six Jordanian F-104s which failed to return to their donors. But the imbalance in air losses was explained by the IAF's considerably higher sortie rate, and its emphasis on ground-attack missions. On the ground Pakistan suffered most, with 9,000 killed and 25,000 wounded while India lost 3,000 dead and 12,000 wounded. The loss of armoured vehicles was similarly imbalanced. This represented a major defeat for Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-Century_Air_Warfare_1997,_pages_384-64">[64]</a> Towards the end of the war, IAF's transport planes dropped leaflets over Dhaka urging the Pakistani forces to surrender, demoralising Pakistani troops in East Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incidents_before_Kargil_(1984–1988)">Incidents before Kargil (1984–1988)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Air_Force_Antonov_An-32.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Indian_Air_Force_Antonov_An-32.jpg/220px-Indian_Air_Force_Antonov_An-32.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Indian_Air_Force_Antonov_An-32.jpg/330px-Indian_Air_Force_Antonov_An-32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Indian_Air_Force_Antonov_An-32.jpg/440px-Indian_Air_Force_Antonov_An-32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3860" data-file-height="2895" /></a><figcaption>IAF <a href="/wiki/An-32" class="mw-redirect" title="An-32">An-32s</a> were used to airdrop humanitarian supplies in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Poomalai" title="Operation Poomalai">Operation Poomalai</a></figcaption></figure> In 1984, India launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Meghdoot" title="Operation Meghdoot">Operation Meghdoot</a> to capture the <a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a> in the contested <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In Op Meghdoot, IAF's <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-8" title="Mil Mi-8">Mi-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Alouette_III" title="Aérospatiale Alouette III">Chetak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aerospatiale_Lama" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospatiale Lama">Cheetah</a> helicopters airlifted hundreds of Indian troops to Siachen.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Launched on 13 April 1984, this military operation was unique because of Siachen's inhospitable terrain and climate. The military action was successful, given the fact that under a previous agreement, neither Pakistan nor India had stationed any personnel in the area. With India's successful <a href="/wiki/Operation_Meghdoot" title="Operation Meghdoot">Operation Meghdoot</a>, it gained control of the <a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a>. India has established control over all of the 70 kilometres (43 mi) long <a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a> and all of its tributary glaciers, as well as the three main passes of the <a href="/wiki/Saltoro_Mountains" title="Saltoro Mountains">Saltoro Ridge</a> immediately west of the glacier—<a href="/wiki/Sia_La" title="Sia La">Sia La</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilafond_La" title="Bilafond La">Bilafond La</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gyong_La" title="Gyong La">Gyong La</a>. Pakistan controls the glacial valleys immediately west of the Saltoro Ridge.<a href="#cite_note-Wirsing-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Child-69">[69]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/TIME_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="TIME magazine">TIME magazine</a>, India gained more than 3,000 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi) of territory because of its military operations in Siachen.<a href="#cite_note-:1-70">[70]</a> Following the inability to negotiate an end to the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan Civil War</a>, and to provide humanitarian aid through an unarmed convoy of ships,<a href="#cite_note-Poomalai-71">[71]</a> the Indian Government decided to carry out an airdrop of the humanitarian supplies on the evening of 4 June 1987 designated <a href="/wiki/Operation_Poomalai" title="Operation Poomalai">Operation Poomalai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: Garland) or Eagle Mission 4.<a href="#cite_note-Poomalai-71">[71]</a> Five <a href="/wiki/An-32" class="mw-redirect" title="An-32">An-32s</a> escorted by four <a href="/wiki/Mirage_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirage 2000">Mirage 2000</a> of 7 Sqn AF, 'The Battleaxes', carried out the supply drop which faced no opposition from the Sri Lankan Armed Forces. Another <a href="/wiki/Mirage_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirage 2000">Mirage 2000</a> orbited 150 km away, acting as an airborne relay of messages to the entire fleet since they would be outside radio range once they descended to low levels. The Mirage 2000 escort formation was led by Wg Cdr Ajit Bhavnani, with Sqn Ldrs Bakshi, NA Moitra and JS Panesar as his team members and Sqn Ldr KG Bewoor as the relay pilot.<a href="#cite_note-Poomalai-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-72">[72]</a> Sri Lanka accused India of "blatant violation of sovereignty".<a href="#cite_note-Poomalai-71">[71]</a> India insisted that it was acting only on humanitarian grounds.<a href="#cite_note-Poomalai-71">[71]</a> In 1987, the IAF supported the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Peace_Keeping_Force" title="Indian Peace Keeping Force">Indian Peace Keeping Force</a> (IPKF) in northern and eastern <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pawan" title="Operation Pawan">Operation Pawan</a>. About 70,000 sorties were flown by the IAF's transport and helicopter force in support of nearly 100,000 troops and paramilitary forces without a single aircraft lost or mission aborted.<a href="#cite_note-oppawan-73">[73]</a> IAF An-32s maintained a continuous air link between air bases in South India and Northern Sri Lanka transporting men, equipment, rations and evacuating casualties.<a href="#cite_note-oppawan-73">[73]</a> Mi-8s supported the ground forces and also provided air transportation to the Sri Lankan civil administration during the elections.<a href="#cite_note-oppawan-73">[73]</a> Mi-25s of No. 125 Helicopter Unit were utilised to provide suppressive fire against militant strong points and to interdict coastal and clandestine riverine traffic.<a href="#cite_note-oppawan-73">[73]</a> On the night of 3 November 1988, the Indian Air Force mounted special operations to airlift a parachute battalion group from <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>, non-stop over 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) to the remote Indian Ocean archipelago of the Maldives in response to Maldivian president <a href="/wiki/Gayoom" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayoom">Gayoom</a>'s request for military help against a mercenary invasion in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cactus" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Cactus">Operation Cactus</a>. The <a href="/wiki/IL-76" class="mw-redirect" title="IL-76">IL-76s</a> of No. 44 Squadron landed at <a href="/wiki/Hulhule" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulhule">Hulhule</a> at 0030 hours and the Indian paratroopers secured the airfield and restored Government rule at Male within hours.<a href="#cite_note-iafo-74">[74]</a> Four Mirage 2000 aircraft of 7 Sqn, led by Wg Cdr AV 'Doc' Vaidya, carried out a show of force early that morning, making low-level passes over the islands. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kargil_War_(1999)">Kargil War (1999)</h3></div> On 11 May 1999, the Indian Air Force was called in to provide close air support to the Indian Army at the height of the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Kargil_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Kargil conflict">Kargil conflict</a> with the use of helicopters.<a href="#cite_note-iafo-74">[74]</a> The IAF strike was code named <a href="/wiki/Operation_Safed_Sagar" title="Operation Safed Sagar">Operation Safed Sagar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-iafo-74">[74]</a> The first strikes were launched on 26 May, when the Indian Air Force struck infiltrator positions with fighter aircraft and <a href="/wiki/Helicopter_gunship" class="mw-redirect" title="Helicopter gunship">helicopter gunships</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_kargil-75">[75]</a> The initial strikes saw MiG-27s carrying out offensive sorties, with <a href="/wiki/MiG-21" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-21">MiG-21s</a> and later <a href="/wiki/MiG-29" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-29">MiG-29s</a> providing fighter cover.<a href="#cite_note-M2K_kargil-76">[76]</a> The IAF also deployed its radars and the <a href="/wiki/MiG-29" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-29">MiG-29</a> fighters in vast numbers to keep check on Pakistani military movements across the border.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> Airport was at this time closed to civilian air-traffic and dedicated to the Indian Air Force.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_kargil-75">[75]</a> On 27 May, the Indian Air Force suffered its first fatality when it lost a <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">MiG-21</a> and a <a href="/wiki/MiG-27" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-27">MiG-27</a> in quick succession.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_shot-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-79">[79]</a> The following day, while on an offensive sortie, a Mi-17 was shot down by three <a href="/wiki/FIM-92_Stinger" title="FIM-92 Stinger">Stinger</a> missiles and lost its entire crew of four.<a href="#cite_note-M2K_kargil-76">[76]</a> Following these losses the IAF immediately withdrew helicopters from offensive roles as a measure against the threat of <a href="/wiki/Man-portable_air-defence_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Man-portable air-defence systems">Man-portable air-defence systems</a> (MANPAD). On 30 May, the <a href="/wiki/Mirage_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirage 2000">Mirage 2000s</a> were introduced in offensive capability, as they were deemed better in performance under the high-altitude conditions of the conflict zone. Mirage 2000s were not only better equipped to counter the MANPAD threat compared to the MiGs, but also gave IAF the ability to carry out aerial raids at night.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The MiG-29s were used extensively to provide fighter escort to the Mirage 2000.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-81">[81]</a> Radar transmissions of Pakistani F-16s were picked up repeatedly, but these aircraft stayed away. The Mirages successfully targeted enemy camps and logistic bases in Kargil and severely disrupted their supply lines.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Mirage 2000s were used for strikes on Muntho Dhalo and the heavily defended <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Hill_(Kargil)" title="Tiger Hill (Kargil)">Tiger Hill</a> and paved the way for their early recapture.<a href="#cite_note-M2K_kargil-76">[76]</a> At the height of the conflict, the IAF was conducting over forty sorties daily over the Kargil region.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-81">[81]</a> By 26 July, the Indian forces had successfully repulsed the Pakistani forces from Kargil.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_Kargil_incidents_(1999–present)">Post Kargil incidents (1999–present)</h3></div> Since the late 1990s, the Indian Air Force has been modernising its fleet to counter challenges in the new century. The fleet size of the IAF has decreased to 33 squadrons during this period because of the retirement of older aircraft. Still, India maintains the fourth largest air force in the world. The IAF plans to raise its strength to 42 squadrons.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Self-reliance is the main aim that is being pursued by the defence research and manufacturing agencies. On 10 August 1999, IAF <a href="/wiki/MiG-21" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-21">MiG-21s</a> intercepted a <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Pakistan Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Breguet_Atlantique" class="mw-redirect" title="Breguet Atlantique">Breguet Atlantique</a> which was flying over <a href="/wiki/Sir_Creek" title="Sir Creek">Sir Creek</a>, a disputed territory. <a href="/wiki/Atlantique_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantique Incident">The aircraft was shot down</a> killing all 16 Pakistani Navy personnel on board.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> India claimed that the Atlantic was on a mission to gather information on IAF air defence,<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> a charge emphatically rejected by Pakistan which argued that the unarmed aircraft was on a training mission.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> On 2 August 2002, the Indian Air Force bombed Pakistani posts along the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a> in the Kel sector, following inputs about Pakistani military buildup near the sector.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> On 20 August 2013, the Indian Air Force created a world record by performing the highest landing of a <a href="/wiki/C-130J" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130J">C-130J</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Daulat_Beg_Oldi" title="Daulat Beg Oldi">Daulat Beg Oldi</a> airstrip in <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> at the height of 5,065 metres (16,617 ft).<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The medium-lift aircraft will be used to deliver troops, supplies and improve communication networks. The aircraft belonged to the Veiled Vipers squadron based at <a href="/wiki/Hindon_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindon Air Force Station">Hindon Air Force Station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> On 13 July 2014, two <a href="/wiki/MiG-21" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-21">MiG-21s</a> were sent from <a href="/wiki/Jodhpur_Airport#Jodhpur_Air_Force_Station" title="Jodhpur Airport">Jodhpur Air Base</a> to investigate a <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines" title="Turkish Airlines">Turkish Airlines</a> aircraft over <a href="/wiki/Jaisalmer" title="Jaisalmer">Jaisalmer</a> when it repeated an <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_registration" title="Aircraft registration">identification code</a>, provided by another commercial passenger plane that had already entered Indian airspace before it. The flights were on their way to Mumbai and Delhi, and the planes were later allowed to proceed after their credentials were verified.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2019_Balakot_airstrike">2019 Balakot airstrike</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">2019 Balakot airstrike</a></div> Following heightened tensions between India and Pakistan after the <a href="/wiki/2019_Pulwama_attack" title="2019 Pulwama attack">2019 Pulwama attack</a> that was carried out by <a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a> (JeM) which killed forty servicemen of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force</a>,<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> a group of twelve <a href="/wiki/Mirage_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirage 2000">Mirage 2000</a> fighter planes from the Indian Air Force carried out air strikes on alleged JeM bases in <a href="/wiki/Chakothi" title="Chakothi">Chakothi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a> in the Pakistan-administered Kashmir. Furthermore, the Mirage 2000s targeted an alleged JeM training camp in <a href="/wiki/Balakot" title="Balakot">Balakot</a>, a town in the Pakistani province of <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>. Pakistan claimed that the Indian aircraft had only dropped bombs in the forest area demolishing pine trees near the Jaba village which is 19 kilometres (12 mi) away from Balakot<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> and Indian officials claimed to bomb and kill a large number of terrorists in the airstrike.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2019_India–Pakistan_standoff">2019 India–Pakistan standoff</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2019_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_standoff" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 India–Pakistan standoff">2019 India–Pakistan standoff</a></div> On 27 February 2019, in retaliation for the IAF bombing of an alleged terrorist hideout in Balakot, a group of PAF <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_5" title="Dassault Mirage 5">Mirage-5</a> and <a href="/wiki/CAC/PAC_JF-17_Thunder" title="CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder">JF-17</a> fighters allegedly conducted an airstrike against certain ground targets across the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a>. They were intercepted by a group of IAF fighters consisting of <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30MKI" title="Sukhoi Su-30MKI">Su-30MKI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">MiG-21</a> jets. An ensuing dogfight began. According to India, one PAF F-16 was shot down by an IAF MiG-21 piloted by <a href="/wiki/Abhinandan_Varthaman" title="Abhinandan Varthaman">Abhinandan Varthaman</a>, while Pakistan denied use of F-16s in the operation. According to Pakistan, a MiG-21 and a Su30MKI were shot down, while India claims that only the MiG-21 was shot down. Indian officials rejected Pakistani claims of shooting down an Su-30MKI stating that it's impossible to hide an aircraft crash as of now in a populated area like Kashmir and said it's a coverup for the loss of F16.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> While the downed MiG-21's pilot had ejected successfully, he landed in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, and was captured by the Pakistan military. Before his capture he was assaulted by a few locals. After a couple of days of captivity, the captured pilot was released by Pakistan per <a href="/wiki/Third_Geneva_Convention" title="Third Geneva Convention">Third Geneva convention</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> obligations. While Pakistan denied involvement of any of its F-16 aircraft in the strike, the IAF presented remnants of <a href="/wiki/AIM-120_AMRAAM" title="AIM-120 AMRAAM">AMRAAM missiles</a> that are only carried by the F-16s within the PAF as proof of their involvement.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Unnamed US officials told <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a> magazine in April 2019 that an audit didn't find any Pakistani F-16s missing.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> However, this was not confirmed by the United States, which cited it as bilateral matter between US and Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Various international military observers reject Indian claim of shooting down PAF F-16.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> IAF also lost a <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-17" title="Mil Mi-17">MI-17</a> helicopter during Indo-Pakistan standoff 2019. On the same day of 27 February 2019, around twenty minutes before the MiG-21 downing,<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> an Indian <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-17" title="Mil Mi-17">Mil Mi-17</a> helicopter crashed, killing six Indian Air Force personnel and one civilian in the <a href="/wiki/Budgam_district" title="Budgam district">Budgam district</a>. It was under the command of squadron leaders Siddarth Vashista and Ninad Mandavgane and crashed within ten minutes of take-off from the Srinagar air base. Four other IAF personnel were flight engineer Vishal Kumar Pandey, sergeant Vikrant Sehrawat, corporals Deepak Pandey and Pankaj Kumars that were killed along with two pilots. In October 2019, IAF confirmed that the helicopter was shot down by an Indian <a href="/wiki/SPYDER" title="SPYDER">SPYDER</a> surface-to-air missile mistaking it as an PAF aircraft and said that five personnel were held guilty for the lapses. IAF dismissed Group Captain Suman Roy Choudhry Chief Operations Officer (COO) of the <a href="/wiki/Srinagar_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Srinagar Air Force Station">Srinagar Air Force Station</a> from his service in 2023 for his negligence during PAF strikes.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div> The <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief#India" title="Commander-in-chief">Supreme Commander</a> of all <a href="/wiki/Indian_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian armed forces">Indian armed forces</a> and by virtue of that fact is the national Commander-in-chief of the Air Force. The <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Chief of the Air Staff</a> with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Air_Chief_Marshal_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Chief Marshal (India)">Air chief marshal</a> is the Commander <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_air_marshals_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="List of serving air marshals of the Indian Air Force">List of serving air marshals of the Indian Air Force</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Post </th> <th>Current Holder </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Chief of the Air Staff</a> </td> <td>Air Chief Marshal <a href="/wiki/Amar_Preet_Singh" title="Amar Preet Singh">Amar Preet Singh</a>, PVSM, AVSM<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Vice Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Vice Chief of the Air Staff</a> </td> <td>Air Marshal <a href="/wiki/Sujeet_Pushpakar_Dharkar" title="Sujeet Pushpakar Dharkar">Sujeet Pushpakar Dharkar</a>, PVSM, AVSM<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Deputy Chief of the Air Staff</a> </td> <td>Air Marshal <a href="/wiki/Tejinder_Singh" class="mw-disambig" title="Tejinder Singh">Tejinder Singh</a>. AVSM, VM<a href="#cite_note-pib-010924-111">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_Officer_in_Charge_of_Administration" title="Air Officer in Charge of Administration">Air Officer in Charge of Administration</a> </td> <td>Air Marshal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajesh_Kumar_Anand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajesh Kumar Anand (page does not exist)">Rajesh Kumar Anand</a>, VSM<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Air Officer in Charge of Personnel </td> <td>Air Marshal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunil_Kashinath_Vidhate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunil Kashinath Vidhate (page does not exist)">Sunil Kashinath Vidhate</a>, AVSM, VM<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Air Officer in Charge of Maintenance </td> <td>Air Marshal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vijay_Kumar_Garg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vijay Kumar Garg (page does not exist)">Vijay Kumar Garg</a>, AVSM, VSM<a href="#cite_note-DH-010624-114">[114]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Director General of Air Operations </td> <td>Air Marshal Surat Singh, AVSM, VM, VSM<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Inspector_General_of_Flight_Safety" title="Inspector General of Flight Safety">Director General of Inspection and Flight Safety</a> </td> <td>Air Marshal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Markand_Ranade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Markand Ranade (page does not exist)">Markand Ranade</a>, AVSM, VM<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Director General of Medical Services (Air) </td> <td>Air Marshal Prashant Bharadwaj, AVSM, VSM & Bar,<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> In January 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">government</a> conferred the rank of <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="Marshal of the Indian Air Force">Marshal of the Indian Air Force</a> on <a href="/wiki/Arjan_Singh" title="Arjan Singh">Arjan Singh</a> making him the first and only <a href="/wiki/Five-star_rank" title="Five-star rank">Five-star</a> officer with the Indian Air Force and ceremonial chief of the air force.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commands">Commands</h3></div> The Indian Air Force is divided into five operational and two functional <a href="/wiki/Command_(military_formation)" title="Command (military formation)">commands</a>. Each Command is headed by an Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief with the rank of Air Marshal. The purpose of an operational command is to conduct military operations using aircraft within its area of responsibility, whereas the responsibility of functional commands is to maintain <a href="/wiki/Combat_readiness" title="Combat readiness">combat readiness</a>. Aside from the Training Command at Bangalore, the primary flight training is done at the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Academy_(India)" title="Air Force Academy (India)">Air Force Academy</a> (located in <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>), followed by operational training at various other schools. Advanced officer training for command positions is also conducted at the Defence Services Staff College; specialised advanced flight training schools are located at <a href="/wiki/Bidar" title="Bidar">Bidar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hakimpet" title="Hakimpet">Hakimpet</a>, Telangana (also the location for helicopter training). Technical schools are found at a number of other locations.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VayuBhawanDelhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/VayuBhawanDelhi.jpg/268px-VayuBhawanDelhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/VayuBhawanDelhi.jpg/402px-VayuBhawanDelhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/VayuBhawanDelhi.jpg/536px-VayuBhawanDelhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Air Headquarters Vayu Bhawan, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> </figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Headquarters</th> <th>Commander </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Air_Command_(India)" title="Central Air Command (India)">Central Air Command</a> (CAC)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a>, Uttar Pradesh </td> <td>Air Marshal <a href="/wiki/Ashutosh_Dixit" title="Ashutosh Dixit">Ashutosh Dixit</a>, AVSM, VM, VSM<a href="#cite_note-PIB2-010924-119">[119]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Air Command (India)">Eastern Air Command</a> (EAC)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a>, Meghalaya </td> <td>Air Marshal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Surat_Singh_(air_marshal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surat Singh (air marshal) (page does not exist)">Surat Singh</a>, AVSM, VM, VSM<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Southern Air Command (India)">Southern Air Command</a> (SAC)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a>, Kerala </td> <td>Air Marshal <a href="/wiki/Balakrishnan_Manikantan" title="Balakrishnan Manikantan">Balakrishnan Manikantan</a>, AVSM, VM<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Air_Command" title="South Western Air Command">South Western Air Command</a> (SWAC)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a>, Gujarat </td> <td>Air Marshal <a href="/wiki/Narmdeshwar_Tiwari" title="Narmdeshwar Tiwari">Narmdeshwar Tiwari</a>, AVSM, VM<a href="#cite_note-swac1-122">[122]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Air_Command_(India)" title="Western Air Command (India)">Western Air Command</a> (WAC)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> </td> <td>Air Marshal <a href="/wiki/Pankaj_Mohan_Sinha" title="Pankaj Mohan Sinha">Pankaj Mohan Sinha</a>, PVSM, AVSM, VSM<a href="#cite_note-aoc-wac-123">[123]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Training_Command_(India)" title="Training Command (India)">Training Command</a> (TC)+</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, Karnataka </td> <td>Air Marshal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagesh_Kapoor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagesh Kapoor (page does not exist)">Nagesh Kapoor</a>, AVSM, VM<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_Command" title="Maintenance Command">Maintenance Command</a> (MC)+</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a>, Maharashtra </td> <td>Air Marshal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vijay_Kumar_Garg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vijay Kumar Garg (page does not exist)">Vijay Kumar Garg</a>, AVSM, VSM<a href="#cite_note-DH-010624-114">[114]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Note: + = Functional Command <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wings">Wings</h3></div> A <a href="/wiki/Wing_(air_force_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing (air force unit)">wing</a> is a formation intermediate between a command and a squadron. It generally consists of two or three IAF squadrons and helicopter units, along with forward base support units (FBSU). FBSUs do not have or host any squadrons or helicopter units but act as transit airbases for routine operations. In times of war, they can become fully fledged air bases playing host to various squadrons. In all, about 47 wings and 19 FBSUs make up the IAF.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Wings are typically commanded by an <a href="/wiki/Air_commodore_(India)" title="Air commodore (India)">air commodore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-verma_hiranandani-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stations">Stations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Air_Force_stations" title="List of Indian Air Force stations">List of Indian Air Force stations</a></div> Within each operational command are anywhere from nine to sixteen <a href="/wiki/Military_air_base" class="mw-redirect" title="Military air base">bases</a> or stations. Smaller than wings, but similarly organised, stations are static units commanded by a <a href="/wiki/Group_captain_(India)" title="Group captain (India)">group captain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-verma_hiranandani-127">[127]</a> A station typically has one wing and one or two squadrons assigned to it. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Squadrons_and_units">Squadrons and units</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Air_Force_aircraft_squadrons" title="List of active Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons">List of active Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(aviation)" title="Squadron (aviation)">Squadrons</a> are the field units and formations attached to static locations. Thus, a flying squadron or unit is a sub-unit of an air force station which carries out the primary task of the IAF. A fighter squadron consists of 18 aircraft; all fighter squadrons are headed by a <a href="/wiki/Commanding_officer" title="Commanding officer">commanding officer</a> with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Wing_Commander_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing Commander (rank)">wing commander</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Some transport squadrons and helicopter units are headed by a commanding officer with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Group_captain_(India)" title="Group captain (India)">group captain</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flights">Flights</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Flight_(military_unit)" title="Flight (military unit)">Flights</a> are sub-divisions of <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(aviation)" title="Squadron (aviation)">squadrons</a>, commanded by a <a href="/wiki/Squadron_leader" title="Squadron leader">squadron leader</a>. Each flight consists of two sections.<a href="#cite_note-careerairforce.nic.in-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sections">Sections</h3></div> The smallest unit is the section, led by a <a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">flight lieutenant</a>. Each section consists of three aircraft. Within this formation structure, IAF has several service branches for day-to-day operations. They are:<a href="#cite_note-Career_IAF-130">[130]</a> <table style="border:1px solid #fff; background:#fff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin:0 12px 12px 0;"> <tbody><tr align="left;" style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>Flying Branch <ul><li>Flying</li></ul> </td> <td> </td> <td>Technical Branch <ul><li>Engineering</li></ul> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ground Branch <ul><li>Logistics</li> <li>Administration</li> <li>Accounts</li> <li>Education</li> <li>Medical & Dental</li> <li>Meteorological</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garud_Commando_Force">Garud Commando Force</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Garud_Commando_Force" title="Garud Commando Force">Garud Commando Force</a></div> The Garud commandos are the special forces of the Indian Air Force (IAF). Their tasks include counter-terrorism, hostage rescue, providing security to IAF's vulnerably located assets and various air force-specific special operations. First conceived in 2002, this unit was officially established on February 6, 2004.<a href="#cite_note-VK_Bhatia-131">[131]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garud_Commandos_of_Indian_Air_Force_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Garud_Commandos_of_Indian_Air_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Garud_Commandos_of_Indian_Air_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Garud_Commandos_of_Indian_Air_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Garud_Commandos_of_Indian_Air_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Garud_Commandos_of_Indian_Air_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Garud_Commandos_of_Indian_Air_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1698" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption>Garud Commandos</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IAF_garud_patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/IAF_garud_patch.svg/220px-IAF_garud_patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/IAF_garud_patch.svg/330px-IAF_garud_patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/IAF_garud_patch.svg/440px-IAF_garud_patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="175" /></a><figcaption>Garud <a href="/wiki/Insignia" title="Insignia">Insignia</a></figcaption></figure> All Garuds are volunteers who are imparted a 52-week basic training, which includes a three-month probation followed by special operations training, basic airborne training and other warfare and survival skills. The last phase of basic training sees Garuds been deployed to get combat experience. Advanced training follows, which includes specialised weapons training.<a href="#cite_note-VK_Bhatia-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-garud-132">[132]</a> The mandated tasks of the Garuds include direct action, special reconnaissance, rescuing downed pilots in hostile territory, establishing airbases in hostile territory and providing air-traffic control to these airbases.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The Garuds also undertake <a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_enemy_air_defences" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppression of enemy air defences">suppression of enemy air defences</a> and the destruction of other enemy assets such as radars, evaluation of the outcomes of Indian airstrikes and use <a href="/wiki/Laser_designator" title="Laser designator">laser designators</a> to guide Indian airstrikes.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The security of IAF installations and assets are usually performed by the Air Force Police and the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Security_Corps" title="Defence Security Corps">Defence Security Corps</a> even though some critical assets are protected by the Garuds.<a href="#cite_note-VK_Bhatia-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defence_Space_Agency">Defence Space Agency</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Defence_Space_Agency" title="Defence Space Agency">Defence Space Agency</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defence_Space_Agency_India.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Defence_Space_Agency_India.png/150px-Defence_Space_Agency_India.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Defence_Space_Agency_India.png/225px-Defence_Space_Agency_India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Defence_Space_Agency_India.png/300px-Defence_Space_Agency_India.png 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Defence Space Agency Insignia</figcaption></figure> The Defence Space Agency, an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_Tri-Service_Commands" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Armed Forces Tri-Service Commands">integrated tri-services agency</a>, which draws its personnel from all the three services of the Indian armed forces, is set up to operate the <a href="/wiki/Space_warfare" title="Space warfare">space-warfare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geospatial_intelligence" title="Geospatial intelligence">Satellite Intelligence</a> assets of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-135">[135]</a> Unlike an aerospace command, where the air force controls most of its activities, the Defence Space Agency envisages co-operation and co-ordination between the three services as well as civilian agencies dealing with space. India currently has 10<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> military satellites. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Display_teams">Display teams</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Surya_Kiran" title="Surya Kiran">Surya Kiran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarang_display_team" title="Sarang display team">Sarang</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SKAT123.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/SKAT123.jpg/220px-SKAT123.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/SKAT123.jpg/330px-SKAT123.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/SKAT123.jpg/440px-SKAT123.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5600" data-file-height="7000" /></a><figcaption>The Suryakiran Aerobatic team in their Diamond Formation.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarang_solo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sarang_solo.jpg/220px-Sarang_solo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sarang_solo.jpg/330px-Sarang_solo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sarang_solo.jpg/440px-Sarang_solo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>A solo HAL Dhruv Mk.1 of the Sarang Helicopter Display team coming in for landing after a display.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:1;;height:116px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Suryakiran_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Suryakiran_insignia.svg/117px-Suryakiran_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="117" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Suryakiran_insignia.svg/176px-Suryakiran_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, 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/></a></div></div></div></div></div> The Surya Kiran Aerobatic Team (SKAT) (Surya Kiran is <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> for Sun Rays) is an <a href="/wiki/Aerobatics" title="Aerobatics">aerobatics</a> demonstration team of the Indian Air Force. They were formed in 1996 and are successors to the Thunderbolts.<a href="#cite_note-suryakirans-137">[137]</a> The team has a total of 13 pilots (selected from the fighter stream of the IAF) and operate 9 <a href="/wiki/BAE_Hawk_Mk.132" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Hawk Mk.132">Bae Hawk mk.132</a> painted in a "day-glo orange" and white <a href="/wiki/Color_scheme" title="Color scheme">colour scheme</a>. The Surya Kiran team were conferred squadron status in 2006, and presently have the designation of 52 Squadron ("The Sharks").<a href="#cite_note-BR_SqU-138">[138]</a> The team is based at the Indian Air Force Station at <a href="/wiki/Bidar" title="Bidar">Bidar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-suryakirans-137">[137]</a> The team earlier used to fly <a href="/wiki/HAL_HJT-16_Kiran" title="HAL HJT-16 Kiran">HAL HJT-16 Kiran</a>. Sarang (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> for Peacock) is the Helicopter Display Team of the Indian Air Force. The team was formed in October 2003 and their first public performance was at the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Aerospace" title="Asian Aerospace">Asian Aerospace</a> Show, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, 2004.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> The team earlier used to fly four <a href="/wiki/HAL_Dhruv" title="HAL Dhruv">HAL Dhruvs</a><a href="#cite_note-thaindian.com-140">[140]</a> but that was upgraded to five on the 91st Air Force day held in <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a>. The choppers are painted in red and white with a peacock figure at each side of the fuselage. The team is based at the <a href="/wiki/Sulur_Air_Force_Station" title="Sulur Air Force Station">Sulur Air Force Station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnel">Personnel</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IAF_Uniform.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/IAF_Uniform.png/220px-IAF_Uniform.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/IAF_Uniform.png/330px-IAF_Uniform.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/IAF_Uniform.png/440px-IAF_Uniform.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>IAF officers in <a href="/wiki/Uniform" title="Uniform">uniform</a></figcaption></figure> Over the years reliable sources provided notably divergent estimates of the personnel strength of the Indian Air Force after analysing <a href="/wiki/Open-source_intelligence" title="Open-source intelligence">open-source intelligence</a>. In 2006, Anthony Cordesman estimated that strength to be 170,000 in the <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a> (IISS) publication "The Asian Conventional Military Balance in 2006".<a href="#cite_note-CordesmanKleiber24-141">[141]</a> In 2010, James Hackett revised that estimate to an approximate strength of 127,000 active personnel in the IISS publication "Military Balance 2010".<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> As of 1 July 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Air_Force&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Indian Air Force has a sanctioned strength of 12,550 officers (12,404 serving with 146 under strength), and 142,529 airmen (127,172 serving with 15,357 under strength).<a href="#cite_note-:10-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rank_structure">Rank structure</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force ranks and insignia of India">Air Force ranks and insignia of India</a></div> The rank structure of the Indian Air Force is based on that of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>. The highest rank attainable in the IAF is <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="Marshal of the Indian Air Force">Marshal of the Indian Air Force</a>, conferred by the President of India after exceptional service during wartime. MIAF <a href="/wiki/Arjan_Singh" title="Arjan Singh">Arjan Singh</a> is the only officer to have achieved this rank. The head of the Indian Air Force is the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Chief of the Air Staff</a>, who holds the rank of <a href="/wiki/Air_Chief_Marshal_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Chief Marshal (India)">Air Chief Marshal</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Officers">Officers</h4></div> Anyone holding Indian citizenship can apply to be an officer in the Air Force as long as they satisfy the eligibility criteria. There are four entry points to become an officer. Male applicants, who are between the ages of 16<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214402035">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.0em 0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.1em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>⁠1/2⁠ and 19 and have passed high school graduation, can apply at the Intermediate level.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Men and women applicants, who have graduated from college (three-year course) and are between the ages of 18 and 28, can apply at the Graduate level entry.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Graduates of engineering colleges can apply at the Engineer level if they are between the ages of 18 and 28 years. The age limit for the flying and ground duty branch is 23 years of age and for technical branch is 28 years of age.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> After completing a master's degree, men and women between the ages of 18 and 28 years can apply at the Post Graduate level. Post graduate applicants do not qualify for the flying branch. For the technical branch the age limit is 28 years and for the ground duty branch it is 25.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> At the time of application, all applicants below 25 years of age must be single.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> The IAF selects candidates for officer training from these applicants. After completion of training, a candidate is commissioned as a <a href="/wiki/Flying_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying Officer">Flying Officer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> In May 2022 <a href="/wiki/Abhilasha_Barak" title="Abhilasha Barak">Abhilasha Barak</a> became the first ever woman combat aviator in the Indian Army<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <table class="infobox expandable expanded" style="clear:right; float:right; width:auto; font-size:85%; border-spacing:2px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><div style="font-size:110%;padding:0.15em 3em 0.15em 0.15em;">Equivalent ranks of Indian military</div> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:110%;"> <th style="width:33%;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy_ranks_and_insignia" title="Indian Navy ranks and insignia">Indian Navy</a></th> <th style="width:33%;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_ranks_and_insignia" title="Indian Army ranks and insignia">Indian Army</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia" title="Indian Air Force ranks and insignia">Indian Air Force</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Commissioned ranks</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_fleet" title="Admiral of the fleet">Admiral of the fleet</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(India)" title="Field marshal (India)">Field marshal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="Marshal of the Indian Air Force">Marshal of the Indian Air Force</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Admiral_(India)" title="Admiral (India)">Admiral</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_(India)" title="General (India)">General</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_Chief_Marshal_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Chief Marshal (India)">Air chief marshal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vice_Admiral_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral (India)">Vice admiral</a></td> <td style="padding-right: 0.75em"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General (India)">Lieutenant general</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_Marshal_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Marshal (India)">Air marshal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral_(India)" title="Rear admiral (India)">Rear admiral</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_general_(India)" title="Major general (India)">Major general</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_vice_marshal_(India)" title="Air vice marshal (India)">Air vice marshal</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:1.2em;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Commodore_(India)" title="Commodore (India)">Commodore</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(India)" title="Brigadier (India)">Brigadier</a></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Air_commodore_(India)" title="Air commodore (India)">Air commodore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_(Indian_Navy)" title="Captain (Indian Navy)">Captain</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(India)" title="Colonel (India)">Colonel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Group_captain_(India)" title="Group captain (India)">Group captain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">Commander</a></td> <td style="padding-right: 0.75em"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">Lieutenant colonel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wing_commander_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing commander (rank)">Wing commander</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:1.2em;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander" title="Lieutenant commander">Lieutenant commander</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Squadron_leader" title="Squadron leader">Squadron leader</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">Lieutenant</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">Captain</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">Flight lieutenant</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:1.2em;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Sub_lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub lieutenant">Sub lieutenant</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</a></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Flying_officer" title="Flying officer">Flying officer</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:1.2em;"> <td colspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Junior commissioned ranks</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Junior_Commissioned_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Commissioned Officer">Master chief petty officer 1st class</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Subedar_Major" class="mw-redirect" title="Subedar Major">Subedar major</a><a href="#cite_note-submaj-151">[Alt 1]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer">Master warrant officer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Junior_Commissioned_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Commissioned Officer">Master chief petty officer 2nd class</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Subedar" title="Subedar">Subedar</a><a href="#cite_note-sub-152">[Alt 2]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer" title="Warrant officer">Warrant officer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Junior_Commissioned_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Commissioned Officer">Chief petty officer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naib_Subedar" class="mw-redirect" title="Naib Subedar">Naib subedar</a><a href="#cite_note-nbsub-153">[Alt 3]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer">Junior warrant officer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Non-commissioned ranks</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Petty_officer" title="Petty officer">Petty officer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Havildar" title="Havildar">Havildar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Daffadar" title="Daffadar">Daffadar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leading_seaman" title="Leading seaman">Leading seaman</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naik_(military_rank)" title="Naik (military rank)">Naik</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lance_daffadar" title="Lance daffadar">Lance daffadar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seaman 1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lance_naik" title="Lance naik">Lance naik</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Acting_Lance-Daffadar" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting Lance-Daffadar">Acting Lance-Daffadar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leading_aircraftsman" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading aircraftsman">Leading aircraftsman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seaman 2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sepoy" title="Sepoy">Sepoy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sowar" title="Sowar">Sowar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aircraftsman" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraftsman">Aircraftsman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Footnotes</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-submaj-151"><a href="#cite_ref-submaj_151-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Risaldar_major" class="mw-redirect" title="Risaldar major">Risaldar major</a> in cavalry and armoured regiments </li> <li id="cite_note-sub-152"><a href="#cite_ref-sub_152-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Risaldar" title="Risaldar">Risaldar</a> in cavalry and armoured regiments </li> <li id="cite_note-nbsub-153"><a href="#cite_ref-nbsub_153-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Naib_risaldar" class="mw-redirect" title="Naib risaldar">Naib risaldar</a> in cavalry and armoured regiments. Called <a href="/wiki/Jemadar" title="Jemadar">jemadar</a> until 1965. </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="10">General / flag officers </th> <th colspan="6">Senior officers </th> <th colspan="8">Junior officers </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Air Force</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Air_Forces/OF/India" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OF/India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Air_Forces/OF/India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OF/India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_IAF_OF-10.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Indian_IAF_OF-10.svg/50px-Indian_IAF_OF-10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Indian_IAF_OF-10.svg/75px-Indian_IAF_OF-10.svg.png 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Indian_IAF_OF-1b.svg/75px-Indian_IAF_OF-1b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Indian_IAF_OF-1b.svg/100px-Indian_IAF_OF-1b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="740" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="Marshal of the Indian Air Force">Marshal of the Indian Air Force</a> मार्शल ऑफ द इंडियन एयरफोर्स </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Air_chief_marshal_(India)" title="Air chief marshal (India)">Air chief marshal</a> एयर चीफ मार्शल </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Air_marshal_(India)" title="Air marshal (India)">Air marshal</a> एयर मार्शल </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Air_vice_marshal_(India)" title="Air vice marshal (India)">Air vice marshal</a> एयर वाइस मार्शल </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Air_commodore_(India)" title="Air commodore (India)">Air commodore</a> एयर कमोडोर </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Group_captain_(India)" title="Group captain (India)">Group captain</a> ग्रुप कैप्टन </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wing_commander_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing commander (rank)">Wing commander</a> विंग कमांडर </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Squadron_leader" title="Squadron leader">Squadron leader</a> स्क्वाड्रन लीडर </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">Flight lieutenant</a> फ्लाइट लैफ्टिनेंट </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Flying_officer" title="Flying officer">Flying officer</a> फ्लाइंग अफसर </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airmen">Airmen</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Air_Force_Soldier_guarding_India_Gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Indian_Air_Force_Soldier_guarding_India_Gate.jpg/170px-Indian_Air_Force_Soldier_guarding_India_Gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Indian_Air_Force_Soldier_guarding_India_Gate.jpg/255px-Indian_Air_Force_Soldier_guarding_India_Gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Indian_Air_Force_Soldier_guarding_India_Gate.jpg/340px-Indian_Air_Force_Soldier_guarding_India_Gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2833" data-file-height="4449" /></a><figcaption>An IAF servicemember with uniform, shoulder rank patch and <a href="/wiki/INSAS_rifle" title="INSAS rifle">INSAS rifle</a> standing guard at the <a href="/wiki/India_Gate" title="India Gate">India Gate</a> memorial in New Delhi</figcaption></figure> The duty of an airman is to make sure that all the air and ground operations run smoothly. From operating Air Defence systems to fitting missiles, they are involved in all activities of an air base and give support to various technical and non-technical jobs.<a href="#cite_note-airmen-155">[152]</a> The airmen of Technical trades are responsible for maintenance, repair and prepare for use the propulsion system of aircraft and other airborne weapon delivery system, Radar, Voice/Data transmission and reception equipment, latest airborne weapon delivery systems, all types of light, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic systems of airborne missiles, aero engines, aircraft fuelling equipment and heavy duty mechanical vehicles, cranes and loading equipment etc.<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a> The competent and qualified Airmen from Technical trades also participate in flying as Flight Engineers, Flight Signallers and Flight Gunners. The recruitment of personnel below officer rank is conducted through All India Selection Tests and Recruitment Rallies. All India Selection Tests are conducted among 15 Airmen Selection Centres (ASCs) located all over India. These centres are under the direct functional control of Central Airmen Selection Board (CASB), with administrative control and support by respective commands. The role of CASB is to carry out selection and enrolment of airmen from the Airmen Selection Centres for their respective commands.<a href="#cite_note-airmen-155">[152]</a> Candidates initially take a written test at the time of application. Those passing the written test undergo a physical fitness test, an interview conducted in English, and medical examination. Candidates for training are selected from individuals passing the battery of tests, on the basis of their performance. Upon completion of training, an individual becomes an Airman.<a href="#cite_note-airmen-155">[152]</a> Some <a href="/wiki/Master_warrant_officer" title="Master warrant officer">MWOs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer" title="Warrant officer">WOs</a> are granted honorary commission in the last year of their service as an honorary Flying Officer or <a href="/wiki/Flight_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight Lieutenant">Flight Lieutenant</a> before retiring from the service.<a href="#cite_note-airmen-155">[152]</a> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ccc;"> <th>Rank group</th> <th colspan="10">Junior commissioned officers</th> <th colspan="24">Non commissioned officer</th> <th colspan="2">Enlisted </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Air Force</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Air_Forces/OR/India" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OR/India"><abbr 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Indian_IAF_OR-7.svg/75px-Indian_IAF_OR-7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Indian_IAF_OR-7.svg/100px-Indian_IAF_OR-7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="1365" /></a> </td> <td colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/File:India-AirForce-OR-6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/India-AirForce-OR-6.svg/50px-India-AirForce-OR-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/India-AirForce-OR-6.svg/75px-India-AirForce-OR-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/India-AirForce-OR-6.svg/100px-India-AirForce-OR-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="106" /></a><hr /> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:India-AirForce-OR-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/India-AirForce-OR-4.svg/50px-India-AirForce-OR-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/India-AirForce-OR-4.svg/75px-India-AirForce-OR-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/India-AirForce-OR-4.svg/100px-India-AirForce-OR-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="84" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/File:India-AirForce-OR-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/India-AirForce-OR-2.svg/50px-India-AirForce-OR-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/India-AirForce-OR-2.svg/75px-India-AirForce-OR-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/India-AirForce-OR-2.svg/100px-India-AirForce-OR-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="41" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2">No insignia </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Master_warrant_officer" title="Master warrant officer">Master warrant officer</a> मास्टर वारंट अफसर </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer" title="Warrant officer">Warrant officer</a> वारंट अफसर </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer">Junior warrant officer</a> जूनियर वारंट अफसर </td> <td colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a> सार्जेंट </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a> कॉरपोरल </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Leading_aircraftsman" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading aircraftsman">Leading aircraftsman</a> लीडिंग एयरक्राफ्ट्समैन </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Aircraftsman" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraftsman">Aircraftsman</a> एयरक्राफ्ट्समैन </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_officers">Honorary officers</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar" title="Sachin Tendulkar">Sachin Tendulkar</a> was the first sportsperson and the first civilian without an <a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">aviation</a> background to be awarded the honorary rank of <a href="/wiki/Group_captain" title="Group captain">group captain</a> by the Indian Air Force.<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non_combatants_enrolled_and_civilians">Non combatants enrolled and civilians</h3></div> Non combatants enrolled (NCs(E)) were established in British India as personal assistants to the officer class, and are equivalent to the orderly or sahayak of the Indian Army.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Almost all the commands have some percentage of civilian strength which are central government employees. These are regular ranks which are prevalent in ministries. They are usually not posted outside their stations and are employed in administrative and non-technical work.<a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training_and_education">Training and education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_India" title="Military academies in India">Military academies in India</a></div> The Indian Armed Forces have set up numerous military academies across India for training its personnel, such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Academy_(India)" title="National Defence Academy (India)">National Defence Academy</a> (NDA). Besides the tri-service institutions, the Indian Air Force has a <a href="/wiki/Training_Command,_Indian_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Training Command, Indian Air Force">Training Command</a> and several training establishments. While technical and other support staff are trained at various Ground Training Schools, the pilots are trained at the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Academy,_Dundigul" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Academy, Dundigul">Air Force Academy, Dundigul</a> (located in <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Basic_Flying_Training_School_(India)" title="Basic Flying Training School (India)">Pilot Training Establishment</a> at <a href="/wiki/Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad">Allahabad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Administrative_College" title="Air Force Administrative College">Air Force Administrative College</a> at <a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Aerospace_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of Aerospace Medicine (page does not exist)">Institute of Aerospace Medicine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Technical_College,_Bangalore" title="Air Force Technical College, Bangalore">Air Force Technical College, Bangalore</a> at <a href="/wiki/Jalahalli" title="Jalahalli">Jalahalli</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tactics_and_Air_Combat_and_Defence_Establishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactics and Air Combat and Defence Establishment">Tactics and Air Combat and Defence Establishment</a> at <a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a>, and the Paratrooper's Training School at <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a> are some of the other training establishments of the IAF. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aircraft_inventory">Aircraft inventory</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft" title="List of active Indian military aircraft">List of active Indian military aircraft</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_aircraft_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of historical aircraft of the Indian Air Force">List of historical aircraft of the Indian Air Force</a></div> The Indian Air Force has aircraft and equipment of Russian (erstwhile Soviet Union), British, French, Israeli, US and Indian origins with Russian aircraft dominating its inventory. HAL produces some of the Russian and British aircraft in India under licence. The exact number of aircraft in service with the Indian Air Force cannot be determined with precision from open sources. Various reliable sources provide notably divergent estimates for a variety of high-visibility aircraft.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Flight_International" title="Flight International">Flight International</a> estimates there to be around 1,750 aircraft in service with the IAF,<a href="#cite_note-Flightglobal-3">[3]</a> while the <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a> provides a similar estimate of 1,850 aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-IISS2014_p245-4">[4]</a> Both sources agree there are approximately 900 combat capable (fighter, attack etc.) aircraft in the IAF.<a href="#cite_note-Flightglobal-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-IISS2014_p245-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multi-role_fighters_and_strike_aircraft">Multi-role fighters and strike aircraft</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IAF_Tejas_full_size_(32941198511).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/IAF_Tejas_full_size_%2832941198511%29.jpg/220px-IAF_Tejas_full_size_%2832941198511%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/IAF_Tejas_full_size_%2832941198511%29.jpg/330px-IAF_Tejas_full_size_%2832941198511%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/IAF_Tejas_full_size_%2832941198511%29.jpg/440px-IAF_Tejas_full_size_%2832941198511%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2098" data-file-height="1270" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HAL_Tejas" title="HAL Tejas">HAL Tejas</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RB005_-_Dassault_Rafale_-_Indian_Air_Force_-_50976863128.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/RB005_-_Dassault_Rafale_-_Indian_Air_Force_-_50976863128.jpg/220px-RB005_-_Dassault_Rafale_-_Indian_Air_Force_-_50976863128.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/RB005_-_Dassault_Rafale_-_Indian_Air_Force_-_50976863128.jpg/330px-RB005_-_Dassault_Rafale_-_Indian_Air_Force_-_50976863128.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/RB005_-_Dassault_Rafale_-_Indian_Air_Force_-_50976863128.jpg/440px-RB005_-_Dassault_Rafale_-_Indian_Air_Force_-_50976863128.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3780" data-file-height="2411" /></a><figcaption>Indian Air Force Rafale</figcaption></figure>The Indian Air Force, as of October 2024, has a shortage of its fighter jet squadron count. The IAF has 31 <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Air_Force_aircraft_squadrons#Combat" title="List of active Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons">combat squadrons</a> as against a requirement of 42. This quantity is on par with the IAF's fighter fleet during the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1965" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1965">Indo-Pakistani war of 1965</a>. The quantity was at its peak in 1996 at 42 squadron count which later declined to 35 in 2013 due to retirement of several aircraft without replacement.<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Rafale" title="Dassault Rafale">Dassault Rafale</a>: the latest addition to India's aircraft arsenal; India has signed a deal for 36 Dassault Rafale <a href="/wiki/Multirole_combat_aircraft" title="Multirole combat aircraft">multirole</a> <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter aircraft</a>. As of June 2022, 36 Rafale fighters are in service with the Indian Air Force.<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30MKI" title="Sukhoi Su-30MKI">Sukhoi Su-30MKI</a>: the IAF's primary <a href="/wiki/Air_superiority_fighter" title="Air superiority fighter">air superiority fighter</a>, with additional air-to-ground (strike) mission capability, is the Sukhoi Su-30MKI. 260 Su-30MKIs are in service.<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29" title="Mikoyan MiG-29">Mikoyan MiG-29</a>: the MiG-29, known as Baaz (<a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a> for Hawk), is a dedicated air superiority fighter, constituting the IAF's second line of defence after the Su-30MKI. There are 69 MiG-29s in service, all of which have been recently upgraded to the MiG-29UPG standard, after the decision was made in 2016 to upgrade the remaining 21 MiG-29s to the UPG standard.<a href="#cite_note-MiG29UPG-165">[162]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_2000" title="Dassault Mirage 2000">Dassault Mirage 2000</a>: the Mirage 2000, known as Vajra (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a> for diamond or thunderbolt) in Indian service. The IAF currently operates 49 Mirage 2000Hs and 8 Mirage 2000 TH all of which are currently being upgraded to the Mirage 2000-5 MK2 standard with Indian specific modifications and 2 Mirage 2000-5 MK2 are in service as of March 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Air_Force&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> The IAF's Mirage 2000 were scheduled to be phased out by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-:3-168">[165]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAL_Tejas" title="HAL Tejas">HAL Tejas</a>: IAF MiG-21s are to be replaced by domestically built HAL Tejas.<a href="#cite_note-toi_tejas-169">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-dna_tejas-170">[167]</a> The first Tejas IAF unit, <a href="/wiki/No._45_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 45 Squadron IAF">No. 45 Squadron IAF</a> Flying Daggers, was formed on 1 July 2016, followed by <a href="/wiki/No._18_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 18 Squadron IAF">No. 18 Squadron IAF</a> "Flying Bullets" on 27 May 2020.<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> Initially stationed at <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, the first squadron was then to be transferred to its home base in Sulur, Tamil Nadu.<a href="#cite_note-:6-172">[169]</a> In February 2021, the Indian Air Force ordered 83 Tejas, including 40 Mark 1, 73 single-seat Mark 1As and 10 two-seat Mark 1 trainers.<a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a> Total 123 ordered.<a href="#cite_note-Tejas_Mk1a-174">[171]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPECAT_Jaguar" title="SEPECAT Jaguar">SEPECAT Jaguar</a>: the Jaguar, known as the Shamsher, serves as the IAF's primary <a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">ground attack force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a> The IAF currently operates 139 Jaguars.<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a> The first batch of DARIN-1 Jaguars are now going through a DARIN-3 upgrade being equipped with EL/M-2052 AESA radars, and an improved jamming suite plus new avionics. These aircraft are scheduled to be phased out by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-:3-168">[165]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21</a>: the MiG-21 serves as an <a href="/wiki/Interceptor_aircraft" title="Interceptor aircraft">interceptor aircraft</a> in the IAF, which phased out most of its MiG-21s and planned to keep only the 125 aircraft upgraded to the MiG-21 Bison standard.<a href="#cite_note-DID_mig-177">[174]</a> The phase-out date for these interceptors has been postponed several times. Initially set for 2014–2017,<a href="#cite_note-:0-178">[175]</a> it was later postponed to 2019.<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> Current phase-out was scheduled for 2021–2022.<a href="#cite_note-:3-168">[165]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airborne_early_warning_and_control_system">Airborne early warning and control system</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DRDO_AEW%26C_Embraer_ERJ_145.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/DRDO_AEW%26C_Embraer_ERJ_145.JPG/220px-DRDO_AEW%26C_Embraer_ERJ_145.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/DRDO_AEW%26C_Embraer_ERJ_145.JPG/330px-DRDO_AEW%26C_Embraer_ERJ_145.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/DRDO_AEW%26C_Embraer_ERJ_145.JPG/440px-DRDO_AEW%26C_Embraer_ERJ_145.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1334" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption>An AEW&C Embraer ERJ 145</figcaption></figure> The IAF operates three <a href="/wiki/DRDO_AEW%26CS" title="DRDO AEW&CS">Netra</a> <a href="/wiki/Embraer_ERJ_145" class="mw-redirect" title="Embraer ERJ 145">Embraer ERJ 145I</a> aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a> The IAF also operates the <a href="/wiki/EL/W-2090" title="EL/W-2090">EL/W-2090</a> Phalcon <a href="/wiki/AEW%26C" class="mw-redirect" title="AEW&C">AEW&C</a> incorporated in a <a href="/wiki/Beriev_A-50" title="Beriev A-50">Beriev A-50</a> platform. A total of three such systems are currently in service, with two further potential orders.<a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> India is also investing in a <a href="/wiki/DRDO" class="mw-redirect" title="DRDO">DRDO</a> project to develop six new Airborne AEW&C aircraft, as an upgrade to the <a href="/wiki/DRDO_AEW%26CS" title="DRDO AEW&CS">Netra</a> systems.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aerial_refuelling">Aerial refuelling</h3></div> The IAF currently operates six <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-78" title="Ilyushin Il-78">Ilyushin Il-78</a>MKIs in the <a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">aerial refueling</a> (tanker) role.<a href="#cite_note-TOI-184">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-apa-185">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_aircraft">Transport aircraft</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_C-17A_Globemaster_III_%E2%80%98CB-8010%E2%80%99.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Boeing_C-17A_Globemaster_III_%E2%80%98CB-8010%E2%80%99.jpg/220px-Boeing_C-17A_Globemaster_III_%E2%80%98CB-8010%E2%80%99.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Boeing_C-17A_Globemaster_III_%E2%80%98CB-8010%E2%80%99.jpg/330px-Boeing_C-17A_Globemaster_III_%E2%80%98CB-8010%E2%80%99.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Boeing_C-17A_Globemaster_III_%E2%80%98CB-8010%E2%80%99.jpg/440px-Boeing_C-17A_Globemaster_III_%E2%80%98CB-8010%E2%80%99.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5097" data-file-height="3501" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">Boeing C-17 Globemaster III</a></figcaption></figure> For <a href="/wiki/Strategic_airlift" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic airlift">strategic airlift</a> operations, the IAF uses the <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-76" title="Ilyushin Il-76">Ilyushin Il-76</a>, known as Gajraj (Hindi for King Elephant) in Indian service.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> The IAF operated 17 Il-76s in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> which are in the process of being replaced by <a href="/wiki/C-17_Globemaster_III" class="mw-redirect" title="C-17 Globemaster III">C-17 Globemaster IIIs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-janesil76-188">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a> IAF <a href="/wiki/C-130J" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130J">C-130Js</a> are used by special forces for combined Army-Air Force operations.<a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a> India purchased six C-130Js; however, one crashed at <a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a> on 28 March 2014 while on a training mission, killing all 5 on board and destroying the aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-hercules-193">[190]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-32" title="Antonov An-32">Antonov An-32</a>, known in Indian service as the Sutlej (named after <a href="/wiki/Sutlej_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutlej River">Sutlej River</a>), serves as a medium transport aircraft in the IAF. The aircraft is also used in bombing roles and paradropping operations.<a href="#cite_note-iafan32-194">[191]</a> The IAF currently operates 105 An-32s, all of which are being upgraded.<a href="#cite_note-iafan32-194">[191]</a> The IAF operates 53 <a href="/wiki/Dornier_228" title="Dornier 228">Dornier 228</a> to fulfil its light transport duties.<a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a> The IAF also operates <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737s</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a> and Embraer ECJ-135 Legacy aircraft<a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a> as <a href="/wiki/Very_important_person" title="Very important person">VIP</a> transports and passenger airliners for troops. 2 specially modified <a href="/wiki/Boeing_777" title="Boeing 777">Boeing 777</a> are used for both the Indian <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">call sign</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_India_One" title="Air India One">Air India One</a>.<a href="#cite_note-zee-199">[196]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_HS_748" title="Hawker Siddeley HS 748">Hawker Siddeley HS 748</a> once formed the backbone of the IAF's transport fleet, but are now used mainly for training and communication duties.<a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a> A replacement is under consideration.<a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trainer_aircraft">Trainer aircraft</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/HAL_HPT-32_Deepak" title="HAL HPT-32 Deepak">HAL HPT-32 Deepak</a> is IAF's basic flight training aircraft for cadets.<a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a> The HPT-32 was grounded in July 2009 following a crash that killed two senior flight instructors,<a href="#cite_note-iafrev-203">[200]</a> but was revived in May 2010<a href="#cite_note-iafrev-203">[200]</a> and is to be fitted with a parachute recovery system (PRS) to enhance survivability during an emergency in the air and to bring the trainer down safely.<a href="#cite_note-iafrev-203">[200]</a> The HPT-32 is to be phased out soon.<a href="#cite_note-iafrev-203">[200]</a> initially by 75 trainers Pilatus aircraft, and followed by 70 <a href="/wiki/HTT-40" class="mw-redirect" title="HTT-40">HTT-40</a> trainers. 36 more HTT-40s to be ordered once fleet is operational.<a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a> The IAF uses the <a href="/wiki/HAL_HJT-16_Kiran" title="HAL HJT-16 Kiran">HAL HJT-16 Kiran mk.I</a> for intermediate flight training of cadets, while the HJT-16 Kiran mk.II provides advanced flight and weapons training.<a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a> The HAL HJT-16 Kiran Mk.2 is also operated by the <a href="/wiki/Surya_Kiran" title="Surya Kiran">Surya Kiran</a> Aerobatic Team (SKAT) of the IAF.<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> The Kiran is to be replaced by the <a href="/wiki/HAL_HJT-36_Sitara" title="HAL HJT-36 Sitara">HAL HJT-36 Sitara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a> The <a href="/wiki/BAE_Hawk" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Hawk">BAE Hawk Mk 132</a> serves as an advanced jet trainer in the IAF and is progressively replacing the Kiran Mk.II. The IAF has begun the process of converting the <a href="/wiki/Surya_Kiran" title="Surya Kiran">Surya Kiran</a> display team to Hawks.<a href="#cite_note-sk-209">[206]</a> A total of 106 BAE Hawk trainers have been ordered by the IAF of which 39 have entered service as of July 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Air_Force&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-iafbae-210">[207]</a> IAF also ordered 72 <a href="/wiki/Pipistrel_Virus" title="Pipistrel Virus">Pipistrel Virus</a> SW 80 microlight aircraft for basic training purpose.<a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-IndiaInks-212">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Helicopters">Helicopters</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/HAL_Dhruv" title="HAL Dhruv">HAL Dhruv</a> serves primarily as a light utility helicopter in the IAF. In addition to transport and utility roles, newer Dhruvs are also used as <a href="/wiki/Attack_helicopter" title="Attack helicopter">attack helicopters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a> Four Dhruvs are also operated by the Indian Air Force <a href="/wiki/Sarang_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarang (military)">Sarang</a> Helicopter Display Team.<a href="#cite_note-thaindian.com-140">[140]</a> The <a href="/wiki/HAL_Chetak" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Chetak">HAL Chetak</a> is a light utility helicopter and is used primarily for training, rescue and light transport roles in the IAF.<a href="#cite_note-Chetak-214">[211]</a> The HAL Chetak is being gradually replaced by HAL Dhruv.<a href="#cite_note-Chetak-214">[211]</a> The <a href="/wiki/HAL_Cheetah" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Cheetah">HAL Cheetah</a> is a light utility helicopter used for high altitude operations. It is used for both transport and search-and-rescue missions in the IAF.<a href="#cite_note-215">[212]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IAF_LCH-Image3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/IAF_LCH-Image3.jpg/220px-IAF_LCH-Image3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/IAF_LCH-Image3.jpg/330px-IAF_LCH-Image3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/IAF_LCH-Image3.jpg/440px-IAF_LCH-Image3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HAL_Prachand" title="HAL Prachand">HAL Prachand</a> armed with rockets and air to air missiles</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-8" title="Mil Mi-8">Mil Mi-8</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-17" title="Mil Mi-17">Mil Mi-17</a>, Mi-17 1V and Mi-17V 5 are operated by the IAF for medium lift strategic and utility roles. The Mi-8 is being progressively replaced by the Mi-17 series of helicopters.<a href="#cite_note-216">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a> The IAF has ordered 22 Boeing AH-64E Apache attack helicopters, 68 HAL Light Combat Helicopters (LCH), 35 HAL Rudra attack helicopters, 15 CH-47F Chinook heavy lift helicopters and 150 Mi-17V-5s to replace and augment its existing fleet of Mi-8s, Mi-17s, and Mi-24s.<a href="#cite_note-Mi-17-218">[215]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-26" title="Mil Mi-26">Mil Mi-26</a> serves as a heavy lift helicopter in the IAF. It can also be used to transport troops or as a flying ambulance. The IAF currently operates three Mi-26s.<a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-24" title="Mil Mi-24">Mil Mi-35</a> serves primarily as an attack helicopter in the IAF. The Mil Mi-35 can also act as a low-capacity troop transport. The IAF currently operates two squadrons (No. 104 Firebirds and No. 125 Gladiators) of Mi-25/35s.<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unmanned_Aerial_Vehicles">Unmanned Aerial Vehicles</h3></div> The IAF currently uses the <a href="/wiki/IAI_Searcher" title="IAI Searcher">IAI Searcher II</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a> and <a href="/wiki/IAI_Heron" title="IAI Heron">IAI Heron</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[219]</a> for reconnaissance and surveillance purposes. The <a href="/wiki/IAI_Harpy" title="IAI Harpy">IAI Harpy</a> serves as an Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) which is designed to attack radar systems.<a href="#cite_note-IAF_UAV_hunt-223">[220]</a> The IAF also operates the <a href="/wiki/DRDO_Lakshya" title="DRDO Lakshya">DRDO Lakshya</a> which serves as realistic towed aerial sub-targets for live fire training.<a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Missile_systems">Missile systems</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-tank_guided_missiles">Anti-tank guided missiles</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:13%;">Name </th> <th>Image </th> <th style="width:15%;">Type </th> <th style="width:5%;">Quantity </th> <th style="width:15%;">Origin </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spike_(missile)#Spike_NLOS" title="Spike (missile)">Spike NLOS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:SPIKE_ATGM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SPIKE_ATGM.jpg/150px-SPIKE_ATGM.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SPIKE_ATGM.jpg/225px-SPIKE_ATGM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SPIKE_ATGM.jpg/300px-SPIKE_ATGM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="384" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="5">Air launched <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">Anti-tank guided missile</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td>Status: In service. Indian Air Force procured Spike-NLOS for <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-17" title="Mil Mi-17">Mi-17</a> helicopters.<a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/9M120_Ataka" title="9M120 Ataka">9M120 Ataka-V (AT-9 Spiral-2)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Engineering_Technologies_2010_Part7_0032_copy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Engineering_Technologies_2010_Part7_0032_copy.jpg/150px-Engineering_Technologies_2010_Part7_0032_copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Engineering_Technologies_2010_Part7_0032_copy.jpg/225px-Engineering_Technologies_2010_Part7_0032_copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Engineering_Technologies_2010_Part7_0032_copy.jpg/300px-Engineering_Technologies_2010_Part7_0032_copy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1500" /></a> </td> <td>—</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>Status: In service. Operated from <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-35" class="mw-redirect" title="Mil Mi-35">Mil Mi-35</a><a href="#cite_note-firstpost.com-227">[224]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/9K114_Shturm" title="9K114 Shturm">9K114 Shturm (AT-6 Spiral)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:9M120_Ataka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/9M120_Ataka.jpg/150px-9M120_Ataka.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/9M120_Ataka.jpg/225px-9M120_Ataka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/9M120_Ataka.jpg/300px-9M120_Ataka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></td> <td>800</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>Status: In service. Operated from <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-35" class="mw-redirect" title="Mil Mi-35">Mil Mi-35</a><a href="#cite_note-firstpost.com-227">[224]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nag_(missile)#HELINA,_Dhruvastra" title="Nag (missile)">Dhruvastra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:ILA_Berlin_2012_PD_017.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/ILA_Berlin_2012_PD_017.JPG/150px-ILA_Berlin_2012_PD_017.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/ILA_Berlin_2012_PD_017.JPG/225px-ILA_Berlin_2012_PD_017.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/ILA_Berlin_2012_PD_017.JPG/300px-ILA_Berlin_2012_PD_017.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a> </td> <td>— </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Status: Completed user trials and Ready for Induction.<a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amogha_missile" title="Amogha missile">Amogha missile</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Amogha-III_BLU.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Amogha-III_BLU.jpg/150px-Amogha-III_BLU.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Amogha-III_BLU.jpg/225px-Amogha-III_BLU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Amogha-III_BLU.jpg/300px-Amogha-III_BLU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a> </td> <td>— </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Status: Under development. To be integrated on <a href="/wiki/HAL_Rudra" title="HAL Rudra">HAL Rudra</a> and <a href="/wiki/HAL_Prachand" title="HAL Prachand">HAL Prachand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[227]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ballistic_and_Cruise_missiles">Ballistic and Cruise missiles</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Image </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Quantity </th> <th>Origin </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BrahMos" title="BrahMos">BrahMos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Brahmos_launcher_Republic_day.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Brahmos_launcher_Republic_day.jpg/129px-Brahmos_launcher_Republic_day.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Brahmos_launcher_Republic_day.jpg/194px-Brahmos_launcher_Republic_day.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Brahmos_launcher_Republic_day.jpg/258px-Brahmos_launcher_Republic_day.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2319" data-file-height="1542" /></a> <hr /><a href="/wiki/File:Su-30_MKI_firing_Brahmos-ER.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Su-30_MKI_firing_Brahmos-ER.jpg/131px-Su-30_MKI_firing_Brahmos-ER.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Su-30_MKI_firing_Brahmos-ER.jpg/197px-Su-30_MKI_firing_Brahmos-ER.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Su-30_MKI_firing_Brahmos-ER.jpg/262px-Su-30_MKI_firing_Brahmos-ER.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">Supersonic cruise missile</a> <hr /><a href="/wiki/Air-launched_cruise_missile" title="Air-launched cruise missile">Air launched cruise missile</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>Status: In service. 290–700 km range. Fastest operational supersonic cruise missile in the world. Operates air launched and surface launched (transport erector launched) variants. Number of TELs with IAF is unknown. China claim that India have nearly 14,000 BrahMos missiles.<a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pralay_(missile)" title="Pralay (missile)">Pralay</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Launch_of_indigenously_developed_surface-to-surface_missile_Pralay_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Launch_of_indigenously_developed_surface-to-surface_missile_Pralay_%28cropped%29.jpg/134px-Launch_of_indigenously_developed_surface-to-surface_missile_Pralay_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Launch_of_indigenously_developed_surface-to-surface_missile_Pralay_%28cropped%29.jpg/202px-Launch_of_indigenously_developed_surface-to-surface_missile_Pralay_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Launch_of_indigenously_developed_surface-to-surface_missile_Pralay_%28cropped%29.jpg/269px-Launch_of_indigenously_developed_surface-to-surface_missile_Pralay_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2201" data-file-height="3041" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Short-range_ballistic_missile" title="Short-range ballistic missile">Short-range ballistic missile</a> <a href="/wiki/Quasi-ballistic_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Quasi-ballistic missile">Quasi ballistic missile</a> </td> <td>Unknown numbers on order </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Status: In service. 150–400 km range. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prithvi_II_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Prithvi II missile">Prithvi II</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Prithvi-II_missile_launch_on_11_March_2011_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Prithvi-II_missile_launch_on_11_March_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/133px-Prithvi-II_missile_launch_on_11_March_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Prithvi-II_missile_launch_on_11_March_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Prithvi-II_missile_launch_on_11_March_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Prithvi-II_missile_launch_on_11_March_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/267px-Prithvi-II_missile_launch_on_11_March_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="1372" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Short-range_ballistic_missile" title="Short-range ballistic missile">Short-range ballistic missile</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Status: In service. 150–350 km range. IAF-specific variant of the <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_(missile)" title="Prithvi (missile)">Prithvi</a> ballistic missile.<a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_Defence_Systems">Air Defence Systems</h3></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Image </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Quantity </th> <th>Origin </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6">Anti-Satellite Missile Systems </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_Programme#Prithvi_Defence_Vehicle_Mark_2" title="Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme">Prithvi Defence Vehicle (PDV) Mk-II</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Launch_of_DRDO%27s_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_interceptor_missile_for_an_ASAT_test_on_27_March_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Launch_of_DRDO%27s_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_interceptor_missile_for_an_ASAT_test_on_27_March_2019.jpg/150px-Launch_of_DRDO%27s_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_interceptor_missile_for_an_ASAT_test_on_27_March_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Launch_of_DRDO%27s_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_interceptor_missile_for_an_ASAT_test_on_27_March_2019.jpg/226px-Launch_of_DRDO%27s_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_interceptor_missile_for_an_ASAT_test_on_27_March_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Launch_of_DRDO%27s_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_interceptor_missile_for_an_ASAT_test_on_27_March_2019.jpg/301px-Launch_of_DRDO%27s_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_interceptor_missile_for_an_ASAT_test_on_27_March_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2620" /></a> </td> <td>Exo-atmospheric <a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">Anti-ballistic missile</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anti-satellite_weapon" title="Anti-satellite weapon">Anti-satellite weapon</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Status: In service. Dual-stage solid-fueled missile with final kinetic-kill stage. Target speed: 10 km/s. Flight Altitude: 1,200 km<a href="#cite_note-:4-233">[230]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6">Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_Programme#Prithvi_Defence_Vehicle_(PDV)" title="Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme">Prithvi Defence Vehicle (PDV)</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Exo-atmospheric <a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">Anti-ballistic missile</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Status: In service. Dual-stage solid-fueled missile. Flight Altitude: 150 km.<a href="#cite_note-:4-233">[230]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_Programme#Advanced_Air_Defence_(AAD)" title="Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme">Advanced Air Defence (AAD)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:The_Ballistic_Missile_Interceptor_Advanced_Area_Defence_(AAD)_flight_tested_from_Abdul_Kalam_Island,_Odisha_on_August_02,_2018.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/The_Ballistic_Missile_Interceptor_Advanced_Area_Defence_%28AAD%29_flight_tested_from_Abdul_Kalam_Island%2C_Odisha_on_August_02%2C_2018.JPG/150px-The_Ballistic_Missile_Interceptor_Advanced_Area_Defence_%28AAD%29_flight_tested_from_Abdul_Kalam_Island%2C_Odisha_on_August_02%2C_2018.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/The_Ballistic_Missile_Interceptor_Advanced_Area_Defence_%28AAD%29_flight_tested_from_Abdul_Kalam_Island%2C_Odisha_on_August_02%2C_2018.JPG/226px-The_Ballistic_Missile_Interceptor_Advanced_Area_Defence_%28AAD%29_flight_tested_from_Abdul_Kalam_Island%2C_Odisha_on_August_02%2C_2018.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/The_Ballistic_Missile_Interceptor_Advanced_Area_Defence_%28AAD%29_flight_tested_from_Abdul_Kalam_Island%2C_Odisha_on_August_02%2C_2018.JPG/300px-The_Ballistic_Missile_Interceptor_Advanced_Area_Defence_%28AAD%29_flight_tested_from_Abdul_Kalam_Island%2C_Odisha_on_August_02%2C_2018.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1640" data-file-height="1933" /></a> </td> <td>Endo-atmospheric <a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">Anti-ballistic missile</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Status: In service.<a href="#cite_note-:4-233">[230]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_Programme#Prithvi_Air_Defence_(PAD)" title="Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme">Prithvi Air Defence (PAD)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:A_modified_Prithvi_missile_as_the_enemy_target_lifting_off_from_the_integrated_test_range_at_Chandipur-on-sea_for_the_advanced_air_defence_missile_test_on_December_06,_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/A_modified_Prithvi_missile_as_the_enemy_target_lifting_off_from_the_integrated_test_range_at_Chandipur-on-sea_for_the_advanced_air_defence_missile_test_on_December_06%2C_2007.jpg/150px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/A_modified_Prithvi_missile_as_the_enemy_target_lifting_off_from_the_integrated_test_range_at_Chandipur-on-sea_for_the_advanced_air_defence_missile_test_on_December_06%2C_2007.jpg/225px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/A_modified_Prithvi_missile_as_the_enemy_target_lifting_off_from_the_integrated_test_range_at_Chandipur-on-sea_for_the_advanced_air_defence_missile_test_on_December_06%2C_2007.jpg/299px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1368" data-file-height="2100" /></a> </td> <td>Exo-atmospheric <a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">Anti-ballistic missile</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Status: being replaced by Prithvi Defence Vehicle (PDV). Dual-stage liquid-fueled missile. It can intercept targets at 80 km altitude.<a href="#cite_note-:4-233">[230]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6">Air Defence Systems </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S-400_missile_system" title="S-400 missile system">S-400 Triumph</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1-400_%C2%AB%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%C2%BB.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/%D0%A1-400_%C2%AB%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%C2%BB.JPG/155px-%D0%A1-400_%C2%AB%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%C2%BB.JPG" decoding="async" width="155" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/%D0%A1-400_%C2%AB%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%C2%BB.JPG/233px-%D0%A1-400_%C2%AB%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%C2%BB.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/%D0%A1-400_%C2%AB%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%C2%BB.JPG/310px-%D0%A1-400_%C2%AB%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%C2%BB.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a> </td> <td>Long-range <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missile</a> system </td> <td>3 regiments Total 48 launchers </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>Status: In service. 2 more regiments' delivery by 2026.<a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[232]</a> 400 km operational range. Each regiment will have two batteries with eight launchers each.<a href="#cite_note-236">[233]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barak_8" title="Barak 8">Barak-8 (MR-SAM)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Medium_Range_Surface_to_Air_Missile_successfully_test_launched_on_December_23,_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Medium_Range_Surface_to_Air_Missile_successfully_test_launched_on_December_23%2C_2020.jpg/150px-Medium_Range_Surface_to_Air_Missile_successfully_test_launched_on_December_23%2C_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Medium_Range_Surface_to_Air_Missile_successfully_test_launched_on_December_23%2C_2020.jpg/225px-Medium_Range_Surface_to_Air_Missile_successfully_test_launched_on_December_23%2C_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Medium_Range_Surface_to_Air_Missile_successfully_test_launched_on_December_23%2C_2020.jpg/300px-Medium_Range_Surface_to_Air_Missile_successfully_test_launched_on_December_23%2C_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2086" data-file-height="3128" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Medium-range <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missile</a> </td> <td>18 squadrons </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td>Status: In service. MRSAM is a medium range air defence system with a max range of 70–80 km.<a href="#cite_note-237">[234]</a> It is used to counter aerial threats such as Fighter aircraft, helicopter, UAV etc.<a href="#cite_note-238">[235]</a> An Air Force Squadron consists of 3 <a href="/wiki/Transporter_erector_launcher" title="Transporter erector launcher">TELs</a> per Squadron. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Akash_(missile)" title="Akash (missile)">Akash</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Akash_Prime_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Akash_Prime_%281%29.jpg/150px-Akash_Prime_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Akash_Prime_%281%29.jpg/225px-Akash_Prime_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Akash_Prime_%281%29.jpg/300px-Akash_Prime_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a> </td> <td>15 squadrons (120 launchers)<a href="#cite_note-:5-239">[236]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Status: In service. Akash 1S has 40 km operational range and flight ceiling of 20 km. 2 regiments of Akash Prime on order for Army.<a href="#cite_note-PIB_India-240">[237]</a> Akash NG with increased range of 70–80 km is being tested.<a href="#cite_note-241">[238]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SPYDER" title="SPYDER">SPYDER</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:IAF_SPYDER.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IAF_SPYDER.jpg/150px-IAF_SPYDER.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IAF_SPYDER.jpg/225px-IAF_SPYDER.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IAF_SPYDER.jpg/300px-IAF_SPYDER.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a> </td> <td>Short and Medium range <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missile</a> </td> <td>18 Systems<a href="#cite_note-242">[239]</a> (Batteries) in service with IAF </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td>Status: In service.<a href="#cite_note-:7-243">[240]</a> 18 SPYDER-SRs Systems (Batteries) along with 750 Python-5 surface to air missiles (SAMs) and 750 Derby SAMs has been delivered. 50 km operational range and flight ceiling of 16 km. A typical battery consists one central command and control unit, six missile firing units, and a resupply vehicle. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SAMAR_Air_Defence_System" title="SAMAR Air Defence System">SAMAR</a> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="3">Short-range <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">Surface-to-air missile</a> </td> <td>Unknown (On order)<a href="#cite_note-244">[241]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Status: On order.<a href="#cite_note-:7-243">[240]</a> The system employs <a href="/wiki/Vympel_R-73" class="mw-redirect" title="Vympel R-73">Vympel R-73</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vympel_R-27" class="mw-redirect" title="Vympel R-27">Vympel R-27</a> air-to-air missiles, which are of Russian origin.<a href="#cite_note-:12-245">[242]</a> User trials complete.<a href="#cite_note-:02-246">[243]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S-125_Neva/Pechora" title="S-125 Neva/Pechora">S-125 (SA-3 Goa)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:S125_Neva_250_brPVO_VS,_september_01,_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/S125_Neva_250_brPVO_VS%2C_september_01%2C_2012.jpg/150px-S125_Neva_250_brPVO_VS%2C_september_01%2C_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/S125_Neva_250_brPVO_VS%2C_september_01%2C_2012.jpg/225px-S125_Neva_250_brPVO_VS%2C_september_01%2C_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/S125_Neva_250_brPVO_VS%2C_september_01%2C_2012.jpg/300px-S125_Neva_250_brPVO_VS%2C_september_01%2C_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a> </td> <td>25 Squadrons for IAF </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> </td> <td>Status: Being replaced by <a href="/wiki/Akash_(missile)" title="Akash (missile)">Akash</a>. Mainly used for point-defense of airbases.<a href="#cite_note-:5-239">[236]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/9K33_Osa" title="9K33 Osa">9K33 Osa (SA-8 Gecko)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:The_OSA-AK_Weapons_System_passes_through_the_Rajpath_during_the_60th_Republic_Day_Parade-2009,_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26,_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_OSA-AK_Weapons_System_passes_through_the_Rajpath_during_the_60th_Republic_Day_Parade-2009%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2009.jpg/150px-The_OSA-AK_Weapons_System_passes_through_the_Rajpath_during_the_60th_Republic_Day_Parade-2009%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_OSA-AK_Weapons_System_passes_through_the_Rajpath_during_the_60th_Republic_Day_Parade-2009%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2009.jpg/225px-The_OSA-AK_Weapons_System_passes_through_the_Rajpath_during_the_60th_Republic_Day_Parade-2009%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_OSA-AK_Weapons_System_passes_through_the_Rajpath_during_the_60th_Republic_Day_Parade-2009%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2009.jpg/300px-The_OSA-AK_Weapons_System_passes_through_the_Rajpath_during_the_60th_Republic_Day_Parade-2009%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1212" /></a> </td> <td>80 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> </td> <td>Status: In service (To be replaced by <a href="/wiki/QRSAM" title="QRSAM">QRSAM</a>)<a href="#cite_note-:5-239">[236]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6">Man-portable air-defense systems </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/9K38_Igla" title="9K38 Igla">9K38 Igla (SA-18)</a> <hr /><a href="/wiki/9K38_Igla#9K338_Igla-S_(SA-24_Grinch)" title="9K38 Igla">9K338 Igla-S</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:SA-7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/SA-7.jpg/150px-SA-7.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/SA-7.jpg/225px-SA-7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/SA-7.jpg/300px-SA-7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1348" data-file-height="443" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Man-portable_air-defense_system" title="Man-portable air-defense system">Man-portable air-defense system</a> </td> <td>2500<a href="#cite_note-247">[244]</a>: 87  <hr />48 launchers 316 missiles<a href="#cite_note-248">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-249">[246]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>Status: In service. Igla-S deployed along <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Actual_Control" title="Line of Actual Control">LAC</a>. Additional 96 launchers, 300 missiles of Igla-S on order.<a href="#cite_note-:14-249">[246]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6">Air defence - anti-aircraft gun systems </th></tr> <tr> <td>Sudarshan CIWS </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close-in_weapon_system" title="Close-in weapon system">Close-in weapon system</a> </td> <td>240 (to be ordered) </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Status: In Service. Advanced version of <a href="/wiki/Bofors_40_mm_Automatic_Gun_L/70" title="Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/70">Bofors L/70</a> manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Larsen_%26_Toubro" title="Larsen & Toubro">L&T Defence</a>. System includes 3D <a href="/wiki/Active_electronically_scanned_array" title="Active electronically scanned array">AESA</a> radar and has a range of 3.5 km and firing rate of 300 rounds/min.<a href="#cite_note-250">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[248]</a> Two orders cleared: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a>6,000 <a href="/wiki/Crore" title="Crore">crore</a> (equivalent to ₹67 billion or US$810 million in 2023) order cleared for Indian Army in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-252">[249]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a>7,000 <a href="/wiki/Crore" title="Crore">crore</a> (US$840 million) order cleared for 240 guns by <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_Security" title="Cabinet Committee on Security">CCS</a> for Indian Air Force in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-253">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[251]</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Future">Future</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="Future of the Indian Air Force">Future of the Indian Air Force</a></div> The number of aircraft in the IAF has been decreasing from the late 1990s due to the retirement of older aircraft and several crashes. To deal with the depletion of force levels, the IAF has started to modernize its fleet. This includes both the upgrade of existing aircraft, equipment and infrastructure as well as induction of new aircraft and equipment, both indigenous and imported. As new aircraft enter service and numbers recover, the IAF plans to have a fleet of 42 squadrons.<a href="#cite_note-42_Squad-255">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renaming">Renaming</h3></div> IAF has sent a proposal to rename itself as Indian Air and Space Force (IASF). It has declared this as a part of its current drive to become a credible space power.<a href="#cite_note-256">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expected_future_acquisitions">Expected future acquisitions</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Single-engined_fighter">Single-engined fighter</h4></div> On 3 January 2017, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Minister of Defence</a> <a href="/wiki/Manohar_Parrikar" title="Manohar Parrikar">Manohar Parrikar</a> addressed a media conference and announced plans for a competition to select a Strategic Partner to deliver "... 200 new single engine fighters to be made in India, which will easily cost around (<a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">USD</a>)$45 million apiece without weaponry" with an expectation that <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> (USA) and <a href="/wiki/Saab_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Saab Group">Saab</a> (Sweden) will pitch the <a href="/wiki/F-16" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16">F-16</a> Block 70 and <a href="/wiki/Gripen" class="mw-redirect" title="Gripen">Gripen</a>, respectively. An MoD official said that a global tender will be put to market in the first quarter of 2018,<a href="#cite_note-257">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[255]</a> with a private company nominated as the strategic partners production agency followed by a two or more year process to evaluate technical and financial bids and conduct trials, before the final government-to-government deal in 2021. This represents 11 squadrons of aircraft plus several 'attrition' aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-2017-01-03_DN-259">[256]</a> India is also planning to set up an assembly line of American <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">Lockheed Martin F-16 Fighting Falcon Block 70</a> in Bengaluru. It is not yet confirmed whether IAF will induct these aircraft or not. In 2018, the defence minister <a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a> gave the go ahead to scale up the manufacturing of Tejas at HAL and also to export Tejas. She is quoted saying "We are not ditching the LCA. We have not gone for anything instead of Tejas. We are very confident that Tejas Mark II will be a big leap forward to fulfil the single engine fighter requirement of the forces.".<a href="#cite_note-260">[257]</a> IAF committed to buy 201 Mark-II variant of the Tejas taking the total order of Tejas to 324.<a href="#cite_note-261">[258]</a> The government also scrapped the plan to import single engine fighters leading to reduction in reliance on imports thereby strengthening the domestic defence industry.<a href="#cite_note-262">[259]</a> The IAF also submitted a request for information to international suppliers for a stealth unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV).<a href="#cite_note-263">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_acquisitions">Current acquisitions</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rustom_flight_2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Rustom_flight_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Rustom_flight_2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Rustom_flight_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Rustom_flight_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Rustom_flight_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Rustom_flight_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2805" data-file-height="1867" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/TAPAS-BH-201" title="TAPAS-BH-201">TAPAS-BH-201</a>, Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) UAV</figcaption></figure> IAF's current orders include <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HAL_Tejas" title="HAL Tejas">HAL Tejas</a> - 73 Mk 1A on order, 17 trainers on order. 97 more cleared for order.<a href="#cite_note-:13-264">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[263]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAL_HTT-40" title="HAL HTT-40">HAL HTT-40</a>: 70 on order<a href="#cite_note-267">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[265]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAL_Light_Combat_Helicopter" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Light Combat Helicopter">HAL Prachand</a>: 66 cleared<a href="#cite_note-:03-269">[266]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAL_LUH" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL LUH">HAL Light Utility Helicopter (LUH)</a>: 6 on order<a href="#cite_note-270">[267]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EADS_CASA_C-295" title="EADS CASA C-295">EADS CASA C-295</a>: 55 on order<a href="#cite_note-271">[268]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAI_Harop" title="IAI Harop">IAI Harop</a> <a href="/wiki/UCAV" class="mw-redirect" title="UCAV">UCAVs</a><a href="#cite_note-IAF_UAV_hunt-223">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[269]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper" title="General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper">General Atomic MQ-9B Predator</a>: 8 planned<a href="#cite_note-273">[270]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DRDO_and_HAL_projects">DRDO and HAL projects</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tejas_MKII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tejas_MKII.jpg/220px-Tejas_MKII.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tejas_MKII.jpg/330px-Tejas_MKII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tejas_MKII.jpg/440px-Tejas_MKII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1098" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HAL_Tejas_Mk2" title="HAL Tejas Mk2">HAL Tejas Mk2</a>, Medium Fighter Aircraft</figcaption></figure> Indian defence company <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Aeronautics_Limited" title="Hindustan Aeronautics Limited">HAL</a> and Defense Research Organization <a href="/wiki/DRDO" class="mw-redirect" title="DRDO">DRDO</a> are developing several aircraft for the IAF including:- <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HAL_Tejas_Mk2" title="HAL Tejas Mk2">HAL Tejas Mk 2</a><a href="#cite_note-toi_tejas-169">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-dna_tejas-170">[167]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Medium_Combat_Aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft">HAL AMCA</a> (5th generation aircraft)<a href="#cite_note-274">[271]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAL_Saras" title="NAL Saras">NAL Saras</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[272]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAL_HJT-36_Sitara" title="HAL HJT-36 Sitara">HAL HJT-36 Sitara</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DRDO_Rustom" title="DRDO Rustom">DRDO Rustom</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[275]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAPAS-BH-201" title="TAPAS-BH-201">TAPAS-BH-201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AURA_UAV" class="mw-redirect" title="AURA UAV">DRDO Ghatak</a> UCAV.<a href="#cite_note-279">[276]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAL_Combat_Air_Teaming_System" title="HAL Combat Air Teaming System">HAL CATS</a>: DRDO and HAL has also engaged in the <a href="/wiki/HAL_Combat_Air_Teaming_System" title="HAL Combat Air Teaming System">unmanned combat system</a>. According to this, HAL will develop the whole family of unmanned aircraft by the end of 2024–25<a href="#cite_note-280">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[278]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akash-NG" title="Akash-NG">Akash-NG</a> is also being developed by DRDO which will be the same range of <a href="/wiki/Barak_8_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barak 8 (missile)">Barak 8</a>.<a href="#cite_note-maiden_test_hemant_rout-282">[279]</a></li> <li>DRDO has now successfully developed the nuclear capable <a href="/wiki/Nirbhay" title="Nirbhay">Nirbhay</a> cruise missile.<a href="#cite_note-283">[280]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Network-centric_warfare">Network-centric warfare</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Network" title="Air Force Network">Air Force Network</a> (AFNET), a robust digital information grid that enabled quick and accurate threat responses, was launched in 2010, helping the IAF become a truly network-centric air force. AFNET is a secure communication network linking command and control centres with offensive aircraft, sensor platforms and ground missile batteries. Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS), an automated system for Air Defence operations will ride the AFNet backbone integrating ground and airborne sensors, weapon systems and command and control nodes. Subsequent integration with civil radar and other networks shall provide an integrated Air Situation Picture, and reportedly acts as a <a href="/wiki/Force_multiplier" class="mw-redirect" title="Force multiplier">force multiplier</a> for intelligence analysis, mission control, and support activities like maintenance and logistics. The design features multiple layers of security measures, including encryption and intrusion prevention technologies, to hinder and deter espionage efforts.<a href="#cite_note-284">[281]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Air_Force_Gallantry_Award_Winners" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian Air Force Gallantry Award Winners">List of Indian Air Force Gallantry Award Winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Param_Vir_Chakra" title="Param Vir Chakra">List of Indian Army Gallantry Award Winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_aircraft_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of historical aircraft of the Indian Air Force">List of historical aircraft of the Indian Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force_(football_team)" title="Indian Air Force (football team)">Indian Air Force Football Team</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2></div> In the year 2005, the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Channel">National Geographic Channel</a> created a 10 part documentary series detailing out all the branches of the Indian Air Force. It was titled Mission Udaan - Inside the Indian Air Force.<a href="#cite_note-285">[282]</a> In partnership with Threye, a Delhi based game developer, The IAF launched <a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Skies" title="Guardians of the Skies">Guardians of the Skies</a>, a roleplaying combat game for mobile devices in 2014. The IAF would later also create a successor, titled <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force:_A_Cut_Above" title="Indian Air Force: A Cut Above">Indian Air Force: A Cut Above</a>, in 2019. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news18.com/news/india/20-sailor-shortage-in-navy-15-officer-posts-vacant-in-army-nirmala-sitharaman-tells-parliament-1616303.html">"20% Sailor Shortage in Navy, 15% Officer Posts Vacant in Army, Nirmala Sitharaman Tells Parliament"</a>. 27 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171227162941/http://www.news18.com/news/india/20-sailor-shortage-in-navy-15-officer-posts-vacant-in-army-nirmala-sitharaman-tells-parliament-1616303.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2017. 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Retrieved 8 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Air+Marshal+Aspy+Engineer%27s+Recollections&rft.pub=Bharat+Rakshak&rft.date=1993-02&rft.aulast=Engineer&rft.aufirst=Aspy+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bharat-rakshak.com%2FIAF%2FHistory%2F1940s%2FAspy01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lyon79-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lyon79_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lyon79_30-1">b</a> <a href="#Lyon">Lyon 2008</a>, p. 79 </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="#Massey">Massey 2005</a>, p. 97 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fearlesswarriors.pk/ghazi/air-cdre-mukhtar-ahmad-dogar-sj-ghazi-of-1948-war/">"Air Cdre Mukhtar Ahmad Dogar SJ | Ghazi of 1948 War | FearlessWarriors.PK"</a>. 10 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Air+Cdre+Mukhtar+Ahmad+Dogar+SJ+%26%23124%3B+Ghazi+of+1948+War+%26%23124%3B+FearlessWarriors.PK&rft.date=2019-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffearlesswarriors.pk%2Fghazi%2Fair-cdre-mukhtar-ahmad-dogar-sj-ghazi-of-1948-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="#Barua">Barua 2005</a>, p. 192 </li> <li id="cite_note-airpower4-34"><a href="#cite_ref-airpower4_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBedi2008" class="citation journal cs1">Bedi, Sanjeev (Summer 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190723023345/http://www.aerospaceindia.org/Journals/Summer%202008/Sanjeev%20Bedi.pdf">"Strategic Role of Air Power"</a> (PDF). Air Power Journal. 3 (2). Center for Air Power Studies: 27–45. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aerospaceindia.org/Journals/Summer%202008/Sanjeev%20Bedi.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 23 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Power+Journal&rft.atitle=Strategic+Role+of+Air+Power&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=27-45&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Bedi&rft.aufirst=Sanjeev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aerospaceindia.org%2FJournals%2FSummer%25202008%2FSanjeev%2520Bedi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/AbnOps/TABE.htm">"The Congolese Rescue Operation"</a>. US Army History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090507102048/http://www.history.army.mil/documents/AbnOps/TABE.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Congolese+Rescue+Operation&rft.pub=US+Army+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fdocuments%2FAbnOps%2FTABE.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-airpower60-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-airpower60_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-airpower60_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh" class="citation journal cs1">Singh, Charanjit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070710041049/http://www.aerospaceindia.org/Journals/Monsoon%202005/The%20Congo%20Diary.pdf">"The Congo Diary"</a> (PDF). Air Power Journal. 2 (3). Center for Air Power Studies: 27–45. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aerospaceindia.org/Journals/Monsoon%202005/The%20Congo%20Diary.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 10 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Power+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Congo+Diary&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=27-45&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Charanjit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aerospaceindia.org%2FJournals%2FMonsoon%25202005%2FThe%2520Congo%2520Diary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brgoa1-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brgoa1_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brgoa1_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brgoa1_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brgoa1_37-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brgoa1_37-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brgoa1_37-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJagan_Pillarisetti" class="citation web cs1">Jagan Pillarisetti. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120107025811/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1960s/Goa01.html">"The Liberation of Goa: 1961"</a>. Bharat Rakshak. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1960s/Goa01.html">the original</a> on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Liberation+of+Goa%3A+1961&rft.pub=Bharat+Rakshak&rft.au=Jagan+Pillarisetti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bharat-rakshak.com%2FIAF%2FHistory%2F1960s%2FGoa01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_38-1">b</a> <a href="#Pradhan">Pradhan 2010</a>, p. 185 </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1988" class="citation journal cs1">Jackson, Paul (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509090039/http://www.airenthusiast.com/">"Ouragon:Ancestor of Rafale"</a>. Air Enthusiast. 37: 78. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airenthusiast.com/">the original</a> on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 1 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast&rft.atitle=Ouragon%3AAncestor+of+Rafale&rft.volume=37&rft.pages=78&rft.date=1988&rft.issn=0143-5450&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airenthusiast.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SKW-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SKW_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SKW_40-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SKW_40-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SKW_40-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQadir2005" class="citation web cs1">Qadir, Shaukat (9 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/08war1.htm">"Operation Gibraltar: Battle that never was"</a>. The 1965 War, 40 Years On. Rediff News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204034815/http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/08war1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2012. <q>Pakistan ... undertook a guerrilla operation inside Indian held Kashmir with a large number of regular soldiers ... expecting to be welcomed by the local population and raise them up in arms against the Indian government.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+1965+War%2C+40+Years+On&rft.atitle=Operation+Gibraltar%3A+Battle+that+never+was&rft.date=2005-09-09&rft.aulast=Qadir&rft.aufirst=Shaukat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fin.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F2005%2Fsep%2F08war1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a href="#ybChavan">Pradhan & Chavan 2007</a>, p. xiv </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a href="#Raju">Thomas 1996</a>, p. 11 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a href="#Emerging">Sisodia & Bhaskar 2005</a>, p. 82 </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a href="#Gupta">Gupta 1997</a>, p. 43 </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a href="#Dixit">Dixit 2002</a>, p. 149 </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/1965-war-we-achieved-air-superiority-in-three-days-says-air-force-marshal-arjan-singh_1805797.html">"1965 war: We achieved air superiority in three days, says Air Force Marshal Arjan Singh"</a>. 4 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160614221636/http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/1965-war-we-achieved-air-superiority-in-three-days-says-air-force-marshal-arjan-singh_1805797.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1965+war%3A+We+achieved+air+superiority+in+three+days%2C+says+Air+Force+Marshal+Arjan+Singh&rft.date=2015-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2F1965-war-we-achieved-air-superiority-in-three-days-says-air-force-marshal-arjan-singh_1805797.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a href="#Praval">Praval 1975</a>, p. 6 </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a href="#Jones">Jones 1985</a>, p. 78 </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a href="#Boyne">Boyne & Fopp 2002</a>, p. 619 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612133807/http://www.vectorsite.net/avgnat.html">"The Folland Gnat / HAL Ajeet"</a>. 1 December 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vectorsite.net/avgnat.html">the original</a> on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Folland+Gnat+%2F+HAL+Ajeet&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vectorsite.net%2Favgnat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091230183851/http://bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/Aircraft/Su-7.html">"A Whale of a Fighter: the Su-7 in IAF Service"</a>. Bharat Rakshak. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/Aircraft/Su-7.html">the original</a> on 30 December 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Whale+of+a+Fighter%3A+the+Su-7+in+IAF+Service&rft.pub=Bharat+Rakshak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bharat-rakshak.com%2FIAF%2FHistory%2FAircraft%2FSu-7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a href="#SissonRose">Sisson & Rose 1991</a>, p. 229 </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJagan_Pillarisetti" class="citation web cs1">Jagan Pillarisetti. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111118130237/http://bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1971War/Sabres.html">"Boyra Encounter – 22nd November 1971"</a>. Bharat Rakshak. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1971War/Sabres.html">the original</a> on 18 November 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boyra+Encounter+%E2%80%93+22nd+November+1971&rft.pub=Bharat+Rakshak&rft.au=Jagan+Pillarisetti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bharat-rakshak.com%2FIAF%2FHistory%2F1971War%2FSabres.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Newsweek: the international newsmagazine: US edition". Newsweek: 34. 20 December 1971. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-9604">0028-9604</a>. <q>Trying to catch the Indian Air Force napping, Yahya Khan, launched a Pakistani version of Israel's 1967 air blitz in hopes that one quick blow would cripple India's far superior air power. But India was alert and Yahya's strategy of scattering his thin air force over a dozen air fields failed!</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Newsweek%3A+the+international+newsmagazine%3A+US+edition&rft.pages=34&rft.date=1971-12-20&rft.issn=0028-9604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <a href="#Kainikara">Kainikara 2011</a>, p. 195 </li> <li id="cite_note-IAF71-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IAF71_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IAF71_56-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IAF71_56-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090410000055/http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_page.php?pg_id=71">"The War of December 1971"</a>. Indian Air Force. 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India Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018220423/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Years-later-Longewala-reminds-the-do-or-die-battle/articleshow/27554710.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Years+later%2C+Longewala+reminds+the+do-or-die+battle&rft.issue=18+December+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fjaipur%2FYears-later-Longewala-reminds-the-do-or-die-battle%2Farticleshow%2F27554710.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShorey2005" class="citation journal cs1">Shorey, Anil (February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090318080515/http://bharat-rakshak.com/ARMY/History/1971War/Longewala.html">"Battle of Longewala: Best of Braves"</a>. Sainik Samachar. 52 (4). 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PIB. 21 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PIB&rft.atitle=Vice+Chief+of+the+Air+Staff+Air+Marshal+Amar+Preet+Singh+appointed+as+next+Chief+of+the+Air+Staff&rft.date=2024-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpib.gov.in%2FPressReleasePage.aspx%3FPRID%3D2057269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/air-marshal-sp-dharkar-appointed-air-forces-next-vice-chief-6648350">"Air Marshal SP Dharkar Appointed Air Force's Next Vice Chief"</a>. 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Retrieved 20 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IAF+An-32+planes+in+Ukraine+for+upgrades&rft.date=2010-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.rediff.com%2Freport%2F2010%2Fmar%2F21%2Fiaf-an-32-planes-in-ukraine-for-upgrades.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/reports/world-air-forces-directory-2022/146695.article">"World Air Forces directory 2022"</a>. Flight Global. 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Retrieved 6 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HJT-36+Sitara+Intermediate+Jet+Trainer%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airforce-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Fhjttrainer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sk-209"><a href="#cite_ref-sk_209-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101011194010/http://frontierindia.net/iafs-surya-kirans-to-fly-hawks">"IAF's Surya Kirans to fly Hawk's"</a>. 10 October 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frontierindia.net/iafs-surya-kirans-to-fly-hawks">the original</a> on 11 October 2010. 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The Times of India. 28 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100801040359/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-inks-deal-with-BAE-for-57-Hawk-aircraft-/articleshow/6228851.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=India+inks+deal+with+BAE+for+57+Hawk+aircraft&rft.date=2010-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FIndia-inks-deal-with-BAE-for-57-Hawk-aircraft-%2Farticleshow%2F6228851.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armingindia.com/India%20To%20Ink%20World's%20Largest%20Microlight%20Aircraft%20Deal%20With%20Slovenian%20Firm.htm">"India Inks World's Largest Microlight Aircraft Deal With Slovenian Firm"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=India+Inks+World%27s+Largest+Microlight+Aircraft+Deal+With+Slovenian+Firm&rft.date=2015-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armingindia.com%2FIndia%2520To%2520Ink%2520World%27s%2520Largest%2520Microlight%2520Aircraft%2520Deal%2520With%2520Slovenian%2520Firm.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IndiaInks-212"><a href="#cite_ref-IndiaInks_212-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Financial_Express2015" class="citation web cs1">The Financial Express (12 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/companies/india-inks-rs-130-crore-deal-for-194-microlight-aircraft/150311/">"India inks Rs 130-crore deal for 194 microlight aircraft"</a>. financialexpress.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817221541/http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/companies/india-inks-rs-130-crore-deal-for-194-microlight-aircraft/150311/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2016. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Images/Current/Helicopters/Dhruv/">the original</a> on 30 March 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2010. <q>IAF Dhruvs, can carry a 20mm gun plus eight anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) or four air-to-air missiles or four 68mm rocket pods on outriggers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HAL+Dhruv&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bharat-rakshak.com%2FIAF%2FImages%2FCurrent%2FHelicopters%2FDhruv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chetak-214">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chetak_214-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chetak_214-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100207181106/http://bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Images/Current/Helicopters/Chetak/">"HAL Chetak (Alouette III)"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Images/Current/Helicopters/Mi25/">the original</a> on 29 March 2010. 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The Times of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605171247/http://en.rian.ru/russia/20090212/120098967.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Air+Force+hunts+for+combat+drones&rft.date=2010-07-05&rft.aulast=Pandit&rft.aufirst=Rajat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2FIndia%2FAir-Force-hunts-for-combat-drones%2Farticleshow%2F6128265.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=30907&kwd=">"Press Information Bureau"</a>. 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Taylor & Francis. pp. xii, 251. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-44049-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-44049-3"><bdi>978-0-415-44049-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nuclear+Proliferation+in+South+Asia&rft.pages=xii%2C+251&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-415-44049-3&rft.aulast=Ganguly&rft.aufirst=Sumit&rft.au=Kapur%2C+S.+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfAgIdEtTYQgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Gupta" class="citation book cs1">Gupta, Amit (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=illLSaObgL0C">Building an Arsenal: The Evolution of Regional Power Force Structures</a> (Illustrated ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. xi, 217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-95787-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-95787-2"><bdi>978-0-275-95787-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+an+Arsenal%3A+The+Evolution+of+Regional+Power+Force+Structures&rft.pages=xi%2C+217&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-275-95787-2&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Amit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DillLSaObgL0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Ives" class="citation book cs1">Ives, Jack D. 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The Military Balance 2010. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-557-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-557-3"><bdi>978-1-85743-557-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+Balance+2010&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010-02-03&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-557-3&rft.au=International+Institute+for+Strategic+Studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Jones" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Aubrey (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britainseconomyr0000jone">Britain's Economy: The Roots of Stagnation</a> (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-30816-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-30816-8"><bdi>978-0-521-30816-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain%27s+Economy%3A+The+Roots+of+Stagnation&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-521-30816-8&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Aubrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbritainseconomyr0000jone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="OJones" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Owen Bennett (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ONZpltd6UZ8C">Pakistan: Eye of the Storm</a> (2, illustrated, revised ed.). Yale University Press. p. 328. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10147-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10147-8"><bdi>978-0-300-10147-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+Eye+of+the+Storm&rft.pages=328&rft.edition=2%2C+illustrated%2C+revised&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-300-10147-8&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Owen+Bennett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DONZpltd6UZ8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Kainikara" class="citation book cs1">Kainikara, Sanu (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DKSUKwBk5wIC">Red Air: Politics in Russian Air Power</a>. 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Stanford University Press. p. 280. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5549-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5549-8"><bdi>978-0-8047-5549-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dangerous+Deterrent%3A+Nuclear+Weapons+Proliferation+and+Conflict+in+South+Asia&rft.pages=280&rft.edition=Annotated&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-5549-8&rft.aulast=Kapur&rft.aufirst=S.+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6Qbovlt-eZ4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Karthikeyan" class="citation book cs1">Karthikeyan, K.R.; Gupta; Sendilkumar, R.; Jaganathan, D. 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Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. pp. v, 192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0881-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0881-3"><bdi>978-81-269-0881-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Textbook+of+Agricultural+Extension+Management&rft.pages=v%2C+192&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-269-0881-3&rft.aulast=Karthikeyan&rft.aufirst=K.R.&rft.au=Gupta&rft.au=Sendilkumar%2C+R.&rft.au=Jaganathan%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVza8kSHGS90C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Khan" class="citation book cs1">Khan, J.A. 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APH Publishing. pp. xxxii, 361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7648-593-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7648-593-7"><bdi>978-81-7648-593-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+Power+and+Challenges+to+IAF&rft.pages=xxxii%2C+361&rft.pub=APH+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-7648-593-7&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=J.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNa-V9H0dbrgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Lyon" class="citation book cs1">Lyon, Peter (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vLwOck15eboC">Conflict Between India and Pakistan: An Encyclopedia</a> (illustrated ed.). 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India's Paratroopers (A History of the Parachute Regiment of India). Leo Cooper, London. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85052-184-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85052-184-9"><bdi>978-0-85052-184-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Paratroopers+%28A+History+of+the+Parachute+Regiment+of+India%29&rft.pub=Leo+Cooper%2C+London&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-85052-184-9&rft.aulast=Praval&rft.aufirst=Karam+Chand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Shiva" class="citation book cs1">Shiva, Vandana (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yoj2SmTZIaoC">India Divided: Diversity and Democracy Under Attack</a>. Seven Stories Press. p. 191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58322-540-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58322-540-0"><bdi>978-1-58322-540-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Divided%3A+Diversity+and+Democracy+Under+Attack&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=Seven+Stories+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-58322-540-0&rft.aulast=Shiva&rft.aufirst=Vandana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyoj2SmTZIaoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Emerging" class="citation book cs1">Sisodia, N.S.; Bhaskar, Chitrapu Uday (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ykZKWATQgcoC">Emerging India: Security and Foreign Policy Perspectives</a>. Bibliophile South Asia. pp. xx, 376. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-86019-51-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-86019-51-1"><bdi>978-81-86019-51-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emerging+India%3A+Security+and+Foreign+Policy+Perspectives&rft.pages=xx%2C+376&rft.pub=Bibliophile+South+Asia&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-86019-51-1&rft.aulast=Sisodia&rft.aufirst=N.S.&rft.au=Bhaskar%2C+Chitrapu+Uday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DykZKWATQgcoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="SissonRose" class="citation book cs1">Sisson, Richard; Rose, Leo E. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zYdDnRN8QIoC">War and Secession: Pakistan, India, and the Creation of Bangladesh</a> (revised ed.). University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07665-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07665-5"><bdi>978-0-520-07665-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Secession%3A+Pakistan%2C+India%2C+and+the+Creation+of+Bangladesh&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-520-07665-5&rft.aulast=Sisson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Rose%2C+Leo+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzYdDnRN8QIoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbott2006" class="citation book cs1">Talbott, Strobe (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z708iXbcrNkC">Engaging India: diplomacy, democracy, and the bomb</a> (Illustrated ed.). Brookings Institution Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-8301-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-8301-5"><bdi>978-0-8157-8301-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Engaging+India%3A+diplomacy%2C+democracy%2C+and+the+bomb&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8157-8301-5&rft.aulast=Talbott&rft.aufirst=Strobe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ708iXbcrNkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Raju" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Raju G.C. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MYm0hnXJYmgC">India's Security Environment: Towards the Year 2000</a>. DIANE Publishing. pp. iv, 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4289-1389-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4289-1389-9"><bdi>978-1-4289-1389-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Security+Environment%3A+Towards+the+Year+2000&rft.pages=iv%2C+33&rft.pub=DIANE+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-4289-1389-9&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Raju+G.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMYm0hnXJYmgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTiwary2012" class="citation book cs1">Tiwary, AK, Air Vice Marshal (2012). Indian Air Force in wars. New Delhi: Lancer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-935501-33-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-935501-33-6"><bdi>978-1-935501-33-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Air+Force+in+wars&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Lancer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-935501-33-6&rft.aulast=Tiwary&rft.aufirst=AK%2C+Air+Vice+Marshal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Warikoo" class="citation book cs1">Warikoo, K. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PvWp8_POzrEC">Himalayan Frontiers of India: Historical, Geo-Political and Strategic Perspectives</a> (Illustrated ed.). Taylor & Francis. pp. xv, 240. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46839-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46839-8"><bdi>978-0-415-46839-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Himalayan+Frontiers+of+India%3A+Historical%2C+Geo-Political+and+Strategic+Perspectives&rft.pages=xv%2C+240&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-46839-8&rft.aulast=Warikoo&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPvWp8_POzrEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Wilson" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Stewart (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_IcBAAAACAAJ">North American F-86 SABRE</a> (Illustrated ed.). Wilson Media Pty, Limited. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-876722-05-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-876722-05-0"><bdi>978-1-876722-05-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+American+F-86+SABRE&rft.pages=64&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Wilson+Media+Pty%2C+Limited&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-876722-05-0&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_IcBAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Indian_Air_Force" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Air_Force" title="Template:Indian Air Force"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Air_Force" title="Template talk:Indian Air Force"><abbr title="Discuss this template" 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style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Minister of Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Chief of the Air Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Vice Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Vice Chief of the Air Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Deputy Chief of the Air Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_marshals_of_the_Indian_Air_Force#Air_Commanders_(Commander-in-Chief_grade)" title="List of serving marshals of the Indian Air Force">AOCs-in-C (Commander-in-Chief)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_marshals_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of serving marshals of the Indian Air Force">Serving marshals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components & commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air Force commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Operational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Air_Command_(India)" title="Central Air Command (India)">Central Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Air Command (India)">Eastern Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Southern Air Command (India)">Southern Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Air_Command" title="South Western Air Command">South Western Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Air_Command_(India)" title="Western Air Command (India)">Western Air Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Functional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Training_Command_(India)" title="Training Command (India)">Training Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_Command" title="Maintenance Command">Maintenance Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Joint</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Strategic Forces Command">Strategic Forces Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Cyber_Agency" title="Defence Cyber Agency">Defence Cyber Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Space_Agency" title="Defence Space Agency">Defence Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Special_Operations_Division" title="Armed Forces Special Operations Division">Armed Forces Special Operations Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Air_Force_stations" title="List of Indian Air Force stations">Air bases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Air_Command_(India)" title="Western Air Command (India)">Western Air Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adampur" title="Adampur">Adampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambala_Air_Force_Station" title="Ambala Air Force Station">Ambala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Guru_Ram_Das_Ji_International_Airport" title="Sri Guru Ram Das Ji International Airport">Amritsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awantipora" title="Awantipora">Awantipora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathinda_Airport" title="Bathinda Airport">Bathinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh_Airport" title="Chandigarh Airport">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Nahar_Singh_Faridabad_Air_Force_Logistics_Station" title="Raja Nahar Singh Faridabad Air Force Logistics Station">Faridabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurugram_Air_Force_Station" title="Gurugram Air Force Station">Gurugram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halwara_Air_Force_Station" title="Halwara Air Force Station">Halwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindan_Air_Force_Station" title="Hindan Air Force Station">Hindan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushok_Bakula_Rimpochee_Airport" title="Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport">Leh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_International_Airport" title="Indira Gandhi International Airport">Palam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathankot_Airport#Air_Force_Station" title="Pathankot Airport">Pathankot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarsawa_Air_Force_Station" title="Sarsawa Air Force Station">Sarsawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirsa_Air_Force_Station" title="Sirsa Air Force Station">Sirsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Srinagar Air Force Station">Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udhampur_Air_Force_Station" title="Udhampur Air Force Station">Udhampur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Air Command (India)">Eastern Air Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Bir_Bikram_Airport" title="Maharaja Bir Bikram Airport">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagdogra_Airport" title="Bagdogra Airport">Bagdogra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong_Airport" title="Shillong Airport">Barapani AFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrackpore_Air_Force_Station" title="Barrackpore Air Force Station">Barrackpore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabua_Air_Force_Station" title="Chabua Air Force Station">Chabua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netaji_Subhas_Chandra_Bose_International_Airport" title="Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport">Dum Dum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasimara_Air_Force_Station" title="Hasimara Air Force Station">Hasimara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorhat_Airport" title="Jorhat Airport">Jorhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaikunda_Air_Force_Station" title="Kalaikunda Air Force Station">Kalaikunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silchar_Airport" title="Silchar Airport">Kumbhigram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibrugarh_Airport" title="Dibrugarh Airport">Mohanbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokpriya_Gopinath_Bordoloi_International_Airport" title="Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport">Mountain Shadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawang_Air_Force_Station" title="Tawang Air Force Station">Tawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tezpur_Airport" title="Tezpur Airport">Tezpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Station_Arjan_Singh" title="Air Force Station Arjan Singh">Panagarh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Air_Command_(India)" title="Central Air Command (India)">Central Air Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agra_Airport" title="Agra Airport">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihta_Air_Force_Station" title="Bihta Air Force Station">Bihta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darbhanga#Airport" title="Darbhanga">Darbhanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Air_Force_Station" title="Lucknow Air Force Station">Bakshi Ka Talab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad Airport">Bamrauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bareilly_Airport" title="Bareilly Airport">Bareilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpur_Airport" title="Kanpur Airport">Chakeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakhpur_Airport" title="Gorakhpur Airport">Gorakhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_Airport" title="Gwalior Airport">Maharajpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Southern Air Command (India)">Southern Air Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_Nicobar_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Car Nicobar Air Force Base">Car Nicobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulur_Air_Force_Station" title="Sulur Air Force Station">Coimbatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai_Airport" title="Madurai Airport">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer_Savarkar_International_Airport" title="Veer Savarkar International Airport">Port Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambaram_Air_Force_Station" title="Tambaram Air Force Station">Tambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanjavur_Air_Force_Station" title="Thanjavur Air Force Station">Thanjavur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Air_Command" title="South Western Air Command">South Western Air Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhuj_Rudra_Mata_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhuj Rudra Mata Air Force Base">Bhuj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaisalmer_Airport" title="Jaisalmer Airport">Jaisalmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamnagar_Airport" title="Jamnagar Airport">Jamnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur_Airport" title="Jodhpur Airport">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune_Airport#Air_Force_Station,_Lohegaon" title="Pune Airport">Lohegaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikaner_Airport" title="Bikaner Airport">Nal-Bikaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naliya_Air_Force_Station" title="Naliya Air Force Station">Naliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalodi_Air_Force_Station" title="Phalodi Air Force Station">Phalodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarlai_Air_Force_Station" title="Uttarlai Air Force Station">Uttarlai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadodara_Airport#IAF_Station_Baroda" title="Vadodara Airport">Makarpura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Training_Command_(India)" title="Training Command (India)">Training Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Begumpet_Airport" title="Begumpet Airport">Begumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidar_Airport#Bidar_Air_Force_Station" title="Bidar Airport">Bidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Academy_(India)" title="Air Force Academy (India)">Dundigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakimpet_Air_Force_Station" title="Hakimpet Air Force Station">Hakimpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelahanka_Air_Force_Station" title="Yelahanka Air Force Station">Yelahanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgaum_Airport" title="Belgaum Airport">Belgaum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_Command" title="Maintenance Command">Maintenance Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Babasaheb_Ambedkar_International_Airport" title="Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik_Airport#Ojhar_Air_Force_Station" title="Nashik Airport">Ojhar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Landing_Ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Landing Ground">Advanced Landing Grounds</a> (ALGs)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aalo" title="Aalo">Along</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinyalisaur_Airport" title="Chinyalisaur Airport">Chinyalisaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chushul" title="Chushul">Chushul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daulat_Beg_Oldi#Advanced_Landing_Ground" title="Daulat Beg Oldi">Daulat Beg Oldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukche" title="Fukche">Fukche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayuliang" title="Hayuliang">Hayuliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechuka#Mechuka_Airport" title="Mechuka">Mechuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyoma" title="Nyoma">Nyoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasighat_Airport" title="Pasighat Airport">Pasighat Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawang" title="Tawang">Tawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoise" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoise">Thoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuting#Tuting_Airport" title="Tuting">Tuting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijaynagar,_Changlang" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijaynagar, Changlang">Vijaynagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walong" title="Walong">Walong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziro" title="Ziro">Ziro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Air_Force_aircraft_squadrons" title="List of active Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons">Squadrons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Combat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._1_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 1 Squadron IAF">No. 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._2_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 2 Squadron IAF">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._3_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 3 Squadron IAF">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._4_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 4 Squadron IAF">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._5_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 5 Squadron IAF">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._6_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 6 Squadron IAF">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._7_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 7 Squadron IAF">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._8_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 8 Squadron IAF">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._9_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 9 Squadron IAF">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._14_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 14 Squadron IAF">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._15_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 15 Squadron IAF">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._16_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 16 Squadron IAF">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._17_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 17 Squadron IAF">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._18_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 18 Squadron IAF">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._20_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 20 Squadron IAF">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._23_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 23 Squadron IAF">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._24_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 24 Squadron IAF">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._27_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 27 Squadron IAF">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._28_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 28 Squadron IAF">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._30_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 30 Squadron IAF">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._31_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 31 Squadron IAF">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._45_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 45 Squadron IAF">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._47_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 47 Squadron IAF">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._101_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 101 Squadron IAF">101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._102_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 102 Squadron IAF">102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._106_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 106 Squadron IAF">106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._220_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 220 Squadron IAF">220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._221_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 221 Squadron IAF">221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._222_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 222 Squadron IAF">222</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._223_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 223 Squadron IAF">223</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._224_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 224 Squadron IAF">224</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._11_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 11 Squadron IAF">No. 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._12_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 12 Squadron IAF">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._19_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 19 Squadron IAF">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._25_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 25 Squadron IAF">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._33_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 33 Squadron IAF">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._41_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 41 Squadron IAF">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._43_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 43 Squadron IAF">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._44_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 44 Squadron IAF">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._48_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 48 Squadron IAF">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._49_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 49 Squadron IAF">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._59_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 59 Squadron IAF">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._77_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 77 Squadron IAF">77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._78_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 78 Squadron IAF">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._81_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 81 Squadron IAF">81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._87_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 87 Squadron IAF">87</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Helicopters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Squadrons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._104_Helicopter_Squadron,_IAF" title="No. 104 Helicopter Squadron, IAF">No. 104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._125_Helicopter_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 125 Helicopter Squadron IAF">125</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._105_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 105 Helicopter Unit, IAF">No. 105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._107_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 107 Helicopter Unit, IAF">107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._109_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 109 Helicopter Unit, IAF">109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._110_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 110 Helicopter Unit, IAF">110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._111_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 111 Helicopter Unit, IAF">111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._112_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 112 Helicopter Unit, IAF">112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._114_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 114 Helicopter Unit, IAF">114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._115_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 115 Helicopter Unit, IAF">115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._116_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 116 Helicopter Unit, IAF">116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._117_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 117 Helicopter Unit, IAF">117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._118_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 118 Helicopter Unit, IAF">118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._119_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 119 Helicopter Unit, IAF">119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._127_Helicopter_Unit_IAF" title="No. 127 Helicopter Unit IAF">127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._128_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 128 Helicopter Unit, IAF">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._129_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 129 Helicopter Unit, IAF">129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._130_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 130 Helicopter Unit, IAF">130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._143_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 143 Helicopter Unit, IAF">143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._152_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 152 Helicopter Unit, IAF">152</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._153_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 153 Helicopter Unit, IAF">153</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._154_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 154 Helicopter Unit, IAF">154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._155_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 155 Helicopter Unit, IAF">155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._156_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 156 Helicopter Unit, IAF">156</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._157_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 157 Helicopter Unit, IAF">157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._158_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 158 Helicopter Unit, IAF">158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._159_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" title="No. 159 Helicopter Unit, IAF">159</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Flights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._121_Helicopter_Flight,_IAF" title="No. 121 Helicopter Flight, IAF">No. 121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._122_Helicopter_Flight,_IAF" title="No. 122 Helicopter Flight, IAF">122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._126_Helicopter_Flight,_IAF" title="No. 126 Helicopter Flight, IAF">126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._131_Helicopter_Flight,_IAF" title="No. 131 Helicopter Flight, IAF">131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._132_Helicopter_Flight,_IAF" title="No. 132 Helicopter Flight, IAF">132</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Acrobatic display</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._52_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 52 Squadron IAF">No. 52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._151_Helicopter_Unit,_IAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 151 Helicopter Unit, IAF">151 HU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_HQ_Communication_Squadron,_Indian_Air_Force" title="Air HQ Communication Squadron, Indian Air Force">AHQCS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">EW/AWS</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._50_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 50 Squadron IAF">No. 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._181_Flight,_IAF" title="No. 181 Flight, IAF">181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._200_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 200 Squadron IAF">200</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">RPA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Air_Force_aircraft_squadrons#Remotely_piloted_aircraft_(RPA)" title="List of active Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons">No. 3001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Air_Force_aircraft_squadrons#Remotely_piloted_aircraft_(RPA)" title="List of active Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons">3002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Air_Force_aircraft_squadrons#Remotely_piloted_aircraft_(RPA)" title="List of active Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons">3003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Air_Force_aircraft_squadrons#Remotely_piloted_aircraft_(RPA)" title="List of active Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons">3004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Air_Force_aircraft_squadrons#Remotely_piloted_aircraft_(RPA)" title="List of active Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons">3005</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Number plated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._10_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 10 Squadron IAF">No. 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._21_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 21 Squadron IAF">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._22_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 22 Squadron IAF">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._26_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 26 Squadron IAF">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._29_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 29 Squadron IAF">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._32_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 32 Squadron IAF">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._35_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 35 Squadron IAF">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._37_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 37 Squadron IAF">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._51_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 51 Squadron IAF">51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._108_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 108 Squadron IAF">108</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft" title="List of active Indian military aircraft">List of active Indian military aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_aircraft_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of historical aircraft of the Indian Air Force">List of historical aircraft of the Indian Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_India" title="Military academies in India">Military academies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Education & training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School">Sainik School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Medical_College_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces Medical College (India)">Armed Forces Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajmer_Military_School" title="Ajmer Military School">Ajmer Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Military_School" title="Bangalore Military School">Bangalore Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgaum_Military_School" title="Belgaum Military School">Belgaum Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chail_Military_School" title="Chail Military School">Chail Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dholpur_Military_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Dholpur Military School">Dholpur Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Indian_Military_College" title="Rashtriya Indian Military College">Rashtriya Indian Military College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Schools & colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Academy_(India)" title="Air Force Academy (India)">Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Administrative_College" title="Air Force Administrative College">Air Force Administrative College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_School,_Coimbatore" title="Air Force School, Coimbatore">Air Force School, Coimbatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_School,_Jodhpur" title="Air Force School, Jodhpur">Air Force School, Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Instructors_School_(India)" title="Flying Instructors School (India)">Flying Instructors School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force_Test_Pilot_School" title="Indian Air Force Test Pilot School">Indian Air Force Test Pilot School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactics_and_Air_Combat_Development_Establishment" title="Tactics and Air Combat Development Establishment">Tactics and Air Combat Development Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Defence_College" title="Air Defence College">Air Defence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Air_Warfare" title="College of Air Warfare">College of Air Warfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Tri-service institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Services_Staff_College" title="Defence Services Staff College">Defence Services Staff College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Academy_(India)" title="National Defence Academy (India)">National Defence Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_College_(India)" title="National Defence College (India)">National Defence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Defence_Management" title="College of Defence Management">College of Defence Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Institute_of_Technology" title="Military Institute of Technology">Military Institute of Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Insignia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces">Awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force ranks and insignia of India">Ranks and insignia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia_of_India#Officer_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force ranks and insignia of India">Officers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia_of_India#Junior_commissioned_officer_and_non-commissioned_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force ranks and insignia of India">JCOs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia_of_India#Junior_commissioned_officer_and_non-commissioned_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force ranks and insignia of India">Airmen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Day#India" title="Air Force Day">Air Force Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Warrior_Drill_Team" title="Air Warrior Drill Team">Air Warrior Drill Team</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History & future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Air_Force" title="Royal Indian Air Force">Royal Indian Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="History of the Indian Air Force">History of the Indian Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="Future of the Indian Air Force">Future of the Indian Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exercises_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of exercises of the Indian Air Force">List of exercises of the Indian Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Air_Force" title="Category:Indian Air Force">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="18px_Indian_Armed_Forces" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_of_India" title="Template:Military of India"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_of_India" title="Template talk:Military of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military of India"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="18px_Indian_Armed_Forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Armed_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/18px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/27px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/36px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, 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Security Advisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of Defence Staff (India)">Chief of Defence Staff</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee">Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Chief of the Army Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Chief of the Naval Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Chief of the Air Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Chief of Integrated Defence Staff">Vice Chief of Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_General_Armed_Forces_Medical_Services_(India)" title="Director General Armed Forces Medical Services (India)">Director General Armed Forces Medical Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_generals_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of serving generals of the Indian Army">Serving generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_admirals_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of serving admirals of the Indian Navy">Serving admirals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_marshals_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of serving marshals of the Indian Air Force">Serving marshals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ministry and committees/councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Military_Affairs" title="Department of Military Affairs">Department of Military Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Department of Defence Research and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Ex-servicemen_Welfare" title="Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare">Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(India)" title="National Security Council (India)">National Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_Security" title="Cabinet Committee on Security">Cabinet Committee on Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_on_Defence_(India)" title="Standing Committee on Defence (India)">Standing Committee on Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Planning_Committee" title="Defence Planning Committee">Defence Planning Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Command_Authority_(India)" title="Nuclear Command Authority (India)">Nuclear Command Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Integrated Defence Staff">Integrated Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Agency_(India)" title="Defence Intelligence Agency (India)">Defence Intelligence Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Joint_warfare" title="Joint warfare">Joint</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_Tri-Service_Commands" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Armed Forces Tri-Service Commands">Integrated Theatre Commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Strategic Forces Command">Strategic Forces Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Commander-in-Chief, Strategic Forces Command">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Theatre_Command_(India)" title="Northern Theatre Command (India)">Northern Theatre Command (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Theatre_Command_(India)" title="Western Theatre Command (India)">Western Theatre Command (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Theatre_Command" title="Maritime Theatre Command">Maritime Theatre Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Cyber_Agency" title="Defence Cyber Agency">Defence Cyber Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Space_Agency" title="Defence Space Agency">Defence Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Special_Operations_Division" title="Armed Forces Special Operations Division">Armed Forces Special Operations Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Command_(India)" title="Central Command (India)">Central Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Command (India)">Eastern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Command_(India)" title="Northern Command (India)">Northern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Command_(India)" title="Southern Command (India)">Southern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Command_(India)" title="South Western Command (India)">South Western Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Command_(India)" title="Western Command (India)">Western Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Training_Command" title="Army Training Command">Army Training Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Naval_Command" title="Western Naval Command">Western Naval Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Naval_Command" title="Eastern Naval Command">Eastern Naval Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Naval_Command" title="Southern Naval Command">Southern Naval Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Air_Command_(India)" title="Central Air Command (India)">Central Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Air Command (India)">Eastern Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Southern Air Command (India)">Southern Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Air_Command" title="South Western Air Command">South Western Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Air_Command_(India)" title="Western Air Command (India)">Western Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_Command_(India)" title="Training Command (India)">Training Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_Command" title="Maintenance Command">Maintenance Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cadet_Corps_(India)" title="National Cadet Corps (India)">National Cadet Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_forces_of_India" title="Special forces of India">Special forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Army_(India)" title="Territorial Army (India)">Territorial Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_India" title="Military academies in India">Military Academies</a></li> <li>Ranks and insignia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Army ranks and insignia of India">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of India">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force ranks and insignia of India">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard#Rank_insignia" title="Indian Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation#Ranks" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India#Ranks_and_insignia" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces">Awards and Decorations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_of_India" title="List of military operations of India">Operations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asal_Uttar" title="Battle of Asal Uttar">Battle of Asal Uttar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chawinda" title="Battle of Chawinda">Battle of Chawinda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">1971</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Naval_War_of_1971" title="Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971">Naval War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan_Air_Operations_(1971)" title="East Pakistan Air Operations (1971)">Air War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chamb">Battle of Chamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Trident_(1971)" title="Operation Trident (1971)">Operation Trident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cactus-Lilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Cactus-Lilly">Operation Cactus-Lilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Longewala" title="Battle of Longewala">Battle of Longewala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">External conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_conflict" title="Siachen conflict">Siachen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Indo-Pakistani border skirmishes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%932002_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_standoff" title="2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff">Operation Parakram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmish" title="2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2014–2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932018_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2016–2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">Balakot airstrike</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Actual_Control" title="Line of Actual Control">Sino-Indian border skirmish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumdorong_Chu_standoff" title="Sumdorong Chu standoff">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathu_La_and_Cho_La_clashes" title="Nathu La and Cho La clashes">Nathu La and Cho La clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_China%E2%80%93India_border_standoff" title="2017 China–India border standoff">Doklam standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_China%E2%80%93India_skirmishes" title="2020–2021 China–India skirmishes">2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_intervention_in_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War">Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Maldives_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Maldives coup d'état attempt">Operation Cactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_airlift_of_Indians_from_Kuwait" title="1990 airlift of Indians from Kuwait">Evacuation of Indian civilians from Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia" title="Piracy off the coast of Somalia">Piracy off the coast of Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Raahat" title="Operation Raahat">Operation Raahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Devi_Shakti" title="Operation Devi Shakti">Operation Devi Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Indian_counter-insurgency_operation_in_Myanmar" title="2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar">Indo-Myanmar border strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Annexations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Operation Polo (Hyderabad)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Operation Vijay (Portuguese India - Goa, Damaon, Silvassa & Diu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Junagadh" title="Annexation of Junagadh">Junagadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" title="Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Insurgencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency in Punjab">Punjab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blue_Star" title="Operation Blue Star">Operation Blue Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Woodrose" title="Operation Woodrose">Operation Woodrose</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Kashmir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_operations_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir">Counter-insurgency operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Line_of_Control_strike" title="2016 Indian Line of Control strike">LOC surgical strike</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Factory_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance Factory Board">Ordnance Factory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_military_missiles" title="List of Indian military missiles">Ballistic missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of equipment of the Indian Army">List of equipment of the Indian Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Navy_ships" title="List of active Indian Navy ships">Active Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of ships of the Indian Navy">Historical Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_systems_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Weapon systems of the Indian Navy">Weapon Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Future of the Indian Navy">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft" title="List of active Indian military aircraft">Active Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_aircraft_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of historical aircraft of the Indian Air Force">Historical Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Air_Force_aircraft_squadrons" title="List of active Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons">Aircraft Squadrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="Future of the Indian Air Force">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ensuring_Secure_Seas:_Indian_Maritime_Security_Strategy" title="Ensuring Secure Seas: Indian Maritime Security Strategy">Indian Maritime Security Strategy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_fleet_review" title="President's fleet review">President's fleet review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Colour_Award" title="President's Colour Award">President's Colour Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Women in the Indian Armed Forces">Women in the Indian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Flag_Day" title="Armed Forces Flag Day">Armed Forces Flag Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Tribunal" title="Armed Forces Tribunal">Armed Forces Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_rank_flags" title="Indian Armed Forces rank flags">Indian Armed Forces rank flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_military_bands" title="Indian military bands">Indian military bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Jawan_Jyoti" title="Amar Jawan Jyoti">Amar Jawan Jyoti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_India" title="Military academies in India">Indian military academies and colleges</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Education & training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School">Sainik School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Medical_College_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces Medical College (India)">Armed Forces Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajmer_Military_School" title="Ajmer Military School">Ajmer Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Military_School" title="Bangalore Military School">Bangalore Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgaum_Military_School" title="Belgaum Military School">Belgaum Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chail_Military_School" title="Chail Military School">Chail Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dholpur_Military_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Dholpur Military School">Dholpur Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Indian_Military_College" title="Rashtriya Indian Military College">Rashtriya Indian Military College</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="SainikSchools" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School">Sainik Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Amaravathinagar" title="Sainik School, Amaravathinagar">Amaravathinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Ambikapur" title="Sainik School, Ambikapur">Ambikapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Balachadi" title="Sainik School, Balachadi">Balachadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Bhubaneswar" title="Sainik School, Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Bijapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School, Bijapur">Bijapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Chittorgarh" title="Sainik School, Chittorgarh">Chittorgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Ghorakhal" title="Sainik School, Ghorakhal">Ghorakhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Goalpara" title="Sainik School, Goalpara">Goalpara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Gopalganj" title="Sainik School, Gopalganj">Gopalganj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Imphal" title="Sainik School, Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Jhunjhunu" title="Sainik School, Jhunjhunu">Jhunjhunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Kapurthala" title="Sainik School, Kapurthala">Kapurthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Kazhakootam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School, Kazhakootam">Kazhakootam</a></li> <li>Kodagu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Korukonda" title="Sainik School, Korukonda">Korukonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Kunjpura" title="Sainik School, Kunjpura">Kunjpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Lucknow" title="Sainik School, Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Manasbal" title="Sainik School, Manasbal">Manasbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Nagrota" title="Sainik School, Nagrota">Nagrota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Nalanda" title="Sainik School, Nalanda">Nalanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Punglwa" title="Sainik School, Punglwa">Punglwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Purulia" title="Sainik School, Purulia">Purulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Rewa" title="Sainik School, Rewa">Rewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Rewari" title="Sainik School, Rewari">Rewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Satara" title="Sainik School, Satara">Satara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Sujanpur_Tihra" title="Sainik School, Sujanpur Tihra">Sujanpur Tihra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Tilaiya" title="Sainik School, Tilaiya">Tilaiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Tri Service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Services_Staff_College" title="Defence Services Staff College">Defence Services Staff College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Defence_Production" title="National Academy of Defence Production">National Academy of Defence Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Academy_(India)" title="National Defence Academy (India)">National Defence Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_College_(India)" title="National Defence College (India)">National Defence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Defence_Management" title="College of Defence Management">College of Defence Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Institute_of_Technology" title="Military Institute of Technology">Military Institute of Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Cadet_College" title="Army Cadet College">Army Cadet College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_War_College,_Mhow" title="Army War College, Mhow">Army War College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Military_Engineering,_Pune" title="College of Military Engineering, Pune">College of Military Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Insurgency_and_Jungle_Warfare_School_(India)" title="Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (India)">Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Altitude_Warfare_School" title="High Altitude Warfare School">High Altitude Warfare School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Military_Academy" title="Indian Military Academy">Indian Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_College_of_Telecommunication_Engineering" title="Military College of Telecommunication Engineering">Military College of Telecommunication Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officers_Training_Academy" title="Officers Training Academy">Officers Training Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_College_of_Materials_Management,_Jabalpur" title="Military College of Materials Management, Jabalpur">Military College of Materials Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Academy_(India)" title="Air Force Academy (India)">Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Administrative_College" title="Air Force Administrative College">Air Force Administrative College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_School,_Coimbatore" title="Air Force School, Coimbatore">Air Force School, Coimbatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_School,_Jodhpur" title="Air Force School, Jodhpur">Air Force School, Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Instructors_School_(India)" title="Flying Instructors School (India)">Flying Instructors School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force_Test_Pilot_School" title="Indian Air Force Test Pilot School">Indian Air Force Test Pilot School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactics_and_Air_Combat_Development_Establishment" title="Tactics and Air Combat Development Establishment">Tactics and Air Combat Development Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Defence_College" title="Air Defence College">Air Defence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Air_Warfare" title="College of Air Warfare">College of Air Warfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Academy" title="Indian Naval Academy">Indian Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College,_Goa" title="Naval War College, Goa">Naval War College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commandants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_National_Defence_Academy" title="Commandant of the National Defence Academy">Commandant NDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Indian_Military_Academy" title="Commandant of the Indian Military Academy">Commandant IMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_Indian_Naval_Academy" title="Commandant of Indian Naval Academy">Commandant INA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Air_Force_Academy_(India)" title="Commandant of the Air Force Academy (India)">Commandant AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Defence_Services_Staff_College" title="Commandant of the Defence Services Staff College">Commandant DSSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Defence_Management#List_of_commandants" title="College of Defence Management">Commandant CDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College,_Goa#Commandants" title="Naval War College, Goa">Commandant NWC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Air_Warfare#List_of_Commandants" title="College of Air Warfare">Commandant CAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_National_Defence_College" title="Commandant of the National Defence College">Commandant NDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Institute_of_Technology#List_of_Commandants" title="Military Institute of Technology">Commandant MILIT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Examinations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Defence_Services_Examination" title="Combined Defence Services Examination">Combined Defence Services Examination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Services_Selection_Board" title="Services Selection Board">Services Selection Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_academy" title="Military academy">Military academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_education_and_training" title="Military education and training">Military education and training</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="India_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:India_topics" title="Template:India topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:India_topics" title="Template talk:India topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:India_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:India topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="India_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">India topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Indian_history" title="Timeline of Indian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_India" title="List of years in India">Years</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_astronomy" title="Indian astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of clothing in the Indian subcontinent">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_India" title="Economic history of India">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in India">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_history_of_India" title="Linguistic history of India">Linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_maritime_history" title="Indian maritime history">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_mathematics" title="Indian mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_metallurgy_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_paper_currency_in_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of paper currency in Indian subcontinent">Paper currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_India" title="Postage stamps and postal history of India">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_on_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of science and technology on the Indian subcontinent">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age" title="South Asian Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Vedic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajanapadas" title="Mahajanapadas">Mahajanapadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Mauryas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavana_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavana Kingdom">Yavana Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_conquest_of_the_Indus_Valley" title="Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley">Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchon_Huns" title="Alchon Huns">Alchon Huns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Mauryan_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid–Mauryan war">Seleucid–Mauryan war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_kingdoms_of_India" title="Middle kingdoms of India">Middle kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty" title="Kakatiya dynasty">Kakatiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern">Early Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Marathas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">European trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_War" title="Bengal War">Bengal War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Late_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Late modern">Late modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">Princely state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">1857 rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_India#History" title="Rail transport in India">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India_under_the_British_Raj" title="Economy of India under the British Raj">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_India" title="Commander-in-Chief, India">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamindar#British_era" title="Zamindar">Zamindari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Councils_Act_1909" title="Indian Councils Act 1909">Political reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">1943 famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="India and the Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Year_Plans_of_India" title="Five-Year Plans of India">Five-Year Plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_India" title="Green Revolution in India">Green Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Flood">White Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite" class="mw-redirect" title="Naxalite">Naxal Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smiling_Buddha" title="Smiling Buddha">Smiling Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Space programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">The Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Peace_Keeping_Force" title="Indian Peace Keeping Force">Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of India (1947–present)">History of India (1947–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">Economic liberalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokhran-II" title="Pokhran-II">Pokhran-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geology_of_India" title="Category:Geology of India">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Parks_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil Parks of India">Fossil Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_India" title="Geology of India">Geology of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Plate">Indian Plate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heritage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Geological_Monuments_of_India" title="National Geological Monuments of India">National Geological Monuments of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_groves_of_India" title="Sacred groves of India">Sacred groves of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains#India" title="Sacred mountains">Sacred mountains of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River#Sacred" title="River">Sacred rivers of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stones_of_India" title="Stones of India">Stones of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_India" title="Environment of India">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_classification_of_India" title="Biogeographic classification of India">Biogeographic classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_India" title="Biosphere reserves of India">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_India" title="Climate of India">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_India" title="Climate change in India">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India" title="List of earthquakes in India">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_India" title="List of ecoregions in India">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India" title="Environmental issues in India">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_India" title="Fauna of India">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forests_in_India" title="List of forests in India">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_India" title="Flora of India">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_India" title="Geology of India">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_India" title="Protected areas of India">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_India" title="Wildlife of India">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_of_India" title="List of wildlife sanctuaries of India">sanctuaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_India" title="List of beaches in India">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_India" title="List of canals in India">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_India" title="Coastal India">Coasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_India" title="Exclusive economic zone of India">ECZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_India" title="List of extreme points of India">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of India">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_highest_point" title="List of Indian states and union territories by highest point">Highest point by states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_India" title="List of islands of India">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_India" title="List of lakes of India">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_India" title="List of mountains in India">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_of_India" title="List of mountain passes of India">Mountain passes</a></li> <li>Plains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coastal_Plains" title="Eastern Coastal Plains">Eastern coastal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Coastal_Plains" title="Western Coastal Plains">Western coastal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_India" title="List of rivers of India">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_India" title="List of valleys in India">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_India" title="List of volcanoes in India">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of waterfalls of India">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_India" title="Central India">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_India" title="Northwest India">Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest India">Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast India">Southeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_India" title="Western India">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_India" title="Template:Borders of India">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_India_by_population" title="List of towns in India by population">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_National_Importance_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Monuments of National Importance of India">National monuments of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature worship</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian-origin religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites in India">World Heritage Sites in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Culture of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of agencies of the government of India">Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_India" title="Energy policy of India">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Services_of_India" title="Civil Services of India">Civil Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(India)" title="Cabinet Secretary (India)">Cabinet Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">State governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">State legislative assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">State legislative councils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_(India)" title="Chief minister (India)">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_secretary_(India)" title="Chief secretary (India)">Chief Secretaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_India" title="Law of India">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Penal_Code" title="Indian Penal Code">Penal Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights,_Directive_Principles_and_Fundamental_Duties_of_India" title="Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India">Fundamental rights, principles and duties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_India" title="Human rights in India">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in India">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_courts_of_India" title="District courts of India">District Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_India" title="Law enforcement in India">Enforcement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Federal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Force" title="Border Security Force">Border Security Force (BSF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Industrial_Security_Force" title="Central Industrial Security Force">Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police" title="Indo-Tibetan Border Police">Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Guard" title="National Security Guard">National Security Guard (NSG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Protection_Force" title="Railway Protection Force">Railway Protection Force (RPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashastra_Seema_Bal" title="Sashastra Seema Bal">Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Group" title="Special Protection Group">Special Protection Group (SPG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_intelligence_agencies" title="List of Indian intelligence agencies">Intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Police_Research_and_Development" title="Bureau of Police Research and Development">Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Revenue_Intelligence" title="Directorate of Revenue Intelligence">Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Directorate" title="Enforcement Directorate">Enforcement Directorate (ED)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(India)" title="Intelligence Bureau (India)">Intelligence Bureau (IB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(India)" title="National Security Council (India)">Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcotics_Control_Bureau" title="Narcotics Control Bureau">Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Investigation_Agency" title="National Investigation Agency">National Investigation Agency (NIA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_India" title="Censorship in India">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_India" title="Democracy in India">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">Reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scandals_in_India" title="List of scandals in India">Scandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_India" title="Secularism in India">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_political_participation_in_India" title="Women's political participation in India">Women in politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_India" title="List of companies of India">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSE_SENSEX" title="BSE SENSEX">BSE SENSEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIFTY_50" title="NIFTY 50">NIFTY 50</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Ministry of Commerce and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Commission" title="Finance Commission">Finance Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Advisory_Council" title="Economic Advisory Council">Economic Advisory Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(India)" title="Central Statistics Office (India)">Central Statistical Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India" title="Securities and Exchange Board of India">Securities and Exchange Board of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Directorate" title="Enforcement Directorate">Enforcement Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_debt_of_India" title="External debt of India">External debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_India" title="Foreign trade of India">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_India" title="Foreign direct investment in India">Foreign direct investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign-exchange_reserves_of_India" title="Foreign-exchange reserves of India">Foreign exchange reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remittances_to_India" title="Remittances to India">Remittances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_India" title="Taxation in India">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidies_in_India" title="Subsidies in India">Subsidies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_licensing_in_India" title="Industrial licensing in India">Industrial licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Voluntary_Guidelines_on_Social,_Environmental_and_Economic_Responsibilities_of_Business" title="National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental and Economic Responsibilities of Business">Voluntary guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NITI_Aayog" title="NITI Aayog">NITI Aayog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_in_India" title="Make in India">Make in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmanirbhar_Bharat" title="Atmanirbhar Bharat">Atmanirbhar Bharat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign">Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_rupee" title="History of the rupee">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate_history_of_the_Indian_rupee" title="Exchange rate history of the Indian rupee">Historical Forex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rupee" title="Digital rupee">Digital rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_paisa" title="Indian paisa">Paisa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="List of governors of the Reserve Bank of India">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint" title="India Government Mint">Mint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_in_India" title="Inflation in India">Inflation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_India" title="Banking in India">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_India" title="Insurance in India">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi_Commodity_Exchange" title="Multi Commodity Exchange">Multi Commodity Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gold_(Control)_Act,_1968" title="The Gold (Control) Act, 1968">Bullion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_black_money" title="Indian black money">Black money</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_India" title="Economic history of India">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development_in_India" title="Economic development in India">Economic development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">Liberalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licence_Raj" title="Licence Raj">Licence Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_India" title="Green Revolution in India">Green revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schemes_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of schemes of the government of India">Government initiatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_numbering_system" title="Indian numbering system">Numbering system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indians_by_net_worth" title="List of Indians by net worth">By net worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_India" title="Income in India">Income</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">Poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_labour_law" title="Indian labour law">Labour law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_India" title="Pensions in India">Pensions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employees%27_Provident_Fund_Organisation" title="Employees' Provident Fund Organisation">EPFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pension_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="National Pension Scheme">NPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Provident_Fund_(India)" title="Public Provident Fund (India)">PPF</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Economy of Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Assam" title="Economy of Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bihar" title="Economy of Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Delhi" title="Economy of Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gujarat" title="Economy of Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Haryana" title="Economy of Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Economy of Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jharkhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Karnataka" title="Economy of Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kerala" title="Economy of Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ladakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Economy of Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Maharashtra" title="Economy of Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mizoram" title="Economy of Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Odisha" title="Economy of Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Punjab,_India" title="Economy of Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Rajasthan" title="Economy of Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Economy of Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Telangana" title="Economy of Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uttarakhand" title="Economy of Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Economy of Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_West_Bengal" title="Economy of West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_India" title="Agriculture in India">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_India" title="Animal husbandry in India">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_India" title="Fishing in India">Fishing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India" title="Automotive industry in India">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry_in_India" title="Chemical industry in India">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_India" title="Construction industry of India">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_India" title="Defence industry of India">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_India" title="Energy in India">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India" title="Electricity sector in India">Electricity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_India" title="Nuclear power in India">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_gas_industry_in_India" title="Oil and gas industry in India">Oil and gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_India" title="Solar power in India">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_India" title="Wind power in India">Wind</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_and_semiconductor_manufacturing_industry_in_India" title="Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing industry in India">Electronics and semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_industry_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Entertainment industry in India">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_India" title="Forestry in India">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_India" title="Gambling in India">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_India" title="Healthcare in India">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_India" title="List of hospitals in India">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_in_India" title="Information technology in India">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of India">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting_in_India" title="FM broadcasting in India">FM Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_India" title="Television in India">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_industry_in_India" title="Printing industry in India">Printing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_India" title="Mining in India">Mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_India" title="Coal in India">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_and_steel_industry_in_India" title="Iron and steel industry in India">Iron and Steel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_India" title="Pharmaceutical industry in India">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_India" title="Pulp and paper industry in India">Pulp and paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retailing_in_India" title="Retailing in India">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_India" title="Science and technology in India">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_in_India" title="Biotechnology in India">Biotechnology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_India" title="Space industry of India">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India" title="Telecommunications in India">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_India" title="Textile industry in India">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_India" title="Transport in India">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_India" title="Aviation in India">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation_in_India" title="Civil aviation in India">Civil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_India" title="List of ports in India">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_India" title="Rail transport in India">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_India" title="Roads in India">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electricity_organisations_in_India" title="List of electricity organisations in India">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_India" title="Water supply and sanitation in India">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_sector_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Power sector in India">Power</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_Regulatory_and_Development_Authority" title="Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority">IRDAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">RBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEBI" class="mw-redirect" title="SEBI">SEBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Board_of_India" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India">IBBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_Fund_Regulatory_and_Development_Authority" title="Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority">PFRDA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_Law_Tribunal" title="National Company Law Tribunal">NCLT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_Law_Appellate_Tribunal" title="National Company Law Appellate Tribunal">NCLAT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_for_Industrial_and_Financial_Reconstruction" title="Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction">BIFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Board_of_India" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India">IBBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Code,_2016" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016">IBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securitisation_and_Reconstruction_of_Financial_Assets_and_Enforcement_of_Security_Interest_Act,_2002" title="Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002">SARFESI Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income-tax_Act,_1961" class="mw-redirect" title="Income-tax Act, 1961">Income Tax Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_Act,_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Companies Act, 2013">Companies Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_Regulation_Act,_1949" title="Banking Regulation Act, 1949">Banking Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_Act,_1938" title="Insurance Act, 1938">Insurance Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Exchange_Management_Act" title="Foreign Exchange Management Act">FEMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Consensus" title="Mumbai Consensus">Mumbai Consensus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society_and_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Society and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">culture</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">Caste system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_India" title="Corruption in India">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_India" title="Crime in India">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_India" title="List of universities in India">Universities in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_colleges_in_India" title="List of medical colleges in India">Medical colleges in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_schools_in_India" title="List of law schools in India">Law colleges in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_education_in_India" title="Engineering education in India">Engineering colleges in India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_relations_in_India" title="Ethnic relations in India">Ethnic relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_India" title="Health in India">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_life_expectancy_at_birth" title="List of Indian states by life expectancy at birth">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_India" title="Literacy in India">Literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_India" title="Prisons in India">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issue#India" title="Social issue">Socio-economic issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_India" title="Standard of living in India">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_India" title="Water supply and sanitation in India">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_India" title="Women in India">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_India" title="Sexuality in India">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_India" title="Youth in India">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_entertainment_in_India" title="Arts and entertainment in India">Arts and entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_India" title="Architecture of India">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_blogosphere" title="Indian blogosphere">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_comics" title="Indian comics">Comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Webcomics_in_India" title="Webcomics in India">Webcomics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_wine" title="Indian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_India" title="Clothing in India">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_India" title="Folklore of India">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_India" title="List of festivals in India">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_literature" title="Indian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_India" title="Mass media in India">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_India" title="Television in India">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_India" title="Music of India">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_painting" title="Indian painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_physical_culture" title="Indian physical culture">Physical culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_India" title="Public holidays in India">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent">Sculpture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_tallest_statues_in_India" title="List of the tallest statues in India">tallest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_India" title="Sport in India">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_India" title="Traditional games of India">Traditional</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_air_forces" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Air_forces" title="Template:Air forces"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Air_forces" title="Template talk:Air forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Air_forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Air forces"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_air_forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_forces" title="List of air forces">List of</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">air forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Air_Force" title="Abkhazian Air Force">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Air_Force" title="Afghan Air Force">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Air_Force" title="Albanian Air Force">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Air_Force" title="Algerian Air Force">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Air_Force_of_Angola" title="National Air Force of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_Defence_Force_Air_Wing" title="Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force Air Wing">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force" title="Argentine Air Force">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Air_Force" title="Armenian Air Force">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Air_Force" title="Austrian Air Force">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Air_Forces" title="Azerbaijani Air Forces">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bahamas_Defence_Force" title="Royal Bahamas Defence Force">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bahraini_Air_Force" title="Royal Bahraini Air Force">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Air_Force" title="Bangladesh Air Force">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Air_Force" title="Belarusian Air Force">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Air_Component" title="Belgian Air Component">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_Defence_Force_Air_Wing" title="Belize Defence Force Air Wing">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_Air_Force" title="Benin Air Force">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Air_Force" title="Bolivian Air Force">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_and_Anti-Aircraft_Defence_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Air Force and Anti-Aircraft Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_Defence_Force_Air_Wing" title="Botswana Defence Force Air Wing">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Air_Force" title="Brazilian Air Force">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Air_Force" title="Royal Brunei Air Force">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Air_Force" title="Bulgarian Air Force">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Air_Force" title="Royal Cambodian Air Force">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon_Air_Force" title="Cameroon Air Force">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Air_Force" title="Central African Republic Air Force">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_Air_Force" title="Chadian Air Force">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Air_Force" title="Chilean Air Force">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Aerospace_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Aerospace Force">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_Air_Force" title="Congolese Air Force">Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Air_Force" title="Croatian Air Force">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defense_Force" title="Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Air_Command" title="Cyprus Air Command">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Air_Force" title="Czech Air Force">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Air_Force" title="Royal Danish Air Force">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti_Air_Force" title="Djibouti Air Force">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Air_Force" title="Dominican Air Force">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Air_Force" title="Ecuadorian Air Force">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Air_Force" title="Egyptian Air Force">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Air_Force" title="Salvadoran Air Force">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Air_Force" title="Eritrean Air Force">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Air_Force" title="Estonian Air Force">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Air_Force" title="Ethiopian Air Force">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Air_Force" title="Finnish Air Force">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Air_and_Space_Force" title="French Air and Space Force">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Air_Force" title="Gabonese Air Force">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Air_Force" title="Georgian Air Force">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force" title="German Air Force">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Air_Force" title="Ghana Air Force">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Air_Force" title="Hellenic Air Force">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Air_Force" title="Guatemalan Air Force">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Air_Force" title="Guinea-Bissau Air Force">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti_Air_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiti Air Corps">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Air_Force" title="Honduran Air Force">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Air_Force" title="Hungarian Air Force">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Air_Policing" title="Icelandic Air Policing">Iceland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Air_Force" title="Indonesian Air Force">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Air_Force" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Air_Force" title="Iraqi Air Force">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Air_Corps" title="Irish Air Corps">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Air_Force" title="Italian Air Force">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Air Self-Defense Force">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Jordanian_Air_Force" title="Royal Jordanian Air Force">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Air_Defense_Forces" title="Kazakh Air Defense Forces">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Air_Force" title="Kenya Air Force">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Air_Force" title="Kuwait Air Force">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Air_Force" title="Kyrgyz Air Force">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Air_Force" title="Latvian Air Force">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Air_Force" title="Lebanese Air Force">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_Armed_Forces#Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberian Armed Forces">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Air_Force" title="Libyan Air Force">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Air_Force" title="Lithuanian Air Force">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_Air_Force" title="Malagasy Air Force">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Air_Force" title="Royal Malaysian Air Force">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_Air_Force" title="Malian Air Force">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Wing_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Air Wing of the Armed Forces of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania_Islamic_Air_Force" title="Mauritania Islamic Air Force">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Air_Force" title="Mexican Air Force">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Air_Force" title="Moldovan Air Force">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Air_Force" title="Mongolian Air Force">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Air_Force" title="Montenegrin Air Force">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Moroccan_Air_Force" title="Royal Moroccan Air Force">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Air_Force" title="Mozambique Air Force">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Air_Force" title="Myanmar Air Force">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_Air_Force" title="Namibian Air Force">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Air_Force" title="Royal Netherlands Air Force">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Air_Force" title="Nicaraguan Air Force">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Air_Force" title="Nigerian Air Force">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army_Air_Force" title="Korean People's Army Air Force">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia_Air_Brigade" title="North Macedonia Air Brigade">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Air_Force" title="Royal Norwegian Air Force">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_of_Oman" title="Royal Air Force of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Air_Force" title="Paraguayan Air Force">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Air_Force" title="Peruvian Air Force">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Air_Force" title="Philippine Air Force">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Air_Force" title="Polish Air Force">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Air_Force" title="Portuguese Air Force">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Emiri_Air_Force" title="Qatar Emiri Air Force">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Air_Force" title="Romanian Air Force">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" title="Russian Air Force">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Air_Force" title="Rwandan Air Force">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Saudi_Air_Force" title="Royal Saudi Air Force">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_Air_Force" title="Senegalese Air Force">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Air_Force_and_Air_Defence" title="Serbian Air Force and Air Defence">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Air_Force" title="Republic of Singapore Air Force">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Air_Force" title="Slovak Air Force">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Air_Force_and_Air_Defence" title="Slovenian Air Force and Air Defence">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Air_Force" title="Somali Air Force">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Air_Force" title="South African Air Force">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Air_Force" title="Republic of Korea Air Force">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan_Air_Force" title="South Sudan Air Force">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Air_and_Space_Force" title="Spanish Air and Space Force">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Air_Force" title="Sri Lanka Air Force">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Air_Force" title="Sudanese Air Force">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_Air_Force" title="Suriname Air Force">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Air_Force" title="Swedish Air Force">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Air_Force" title="Swiss Air Force">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Air_Force" title="Syrian Air Force">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Air_Force" title="Republic of China Air Force">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Air_Force" title="Tajik Air Force">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Air_Force_Command" title="Tanzania Air Force Command">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Air_Force" title="Royal Thai Air Force">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_Armed_Forces" title="Togolese Armed Forces">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_Air_Wing" title="Tongan Air Wing">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Air_Force" title="Tunisian Air Force">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Air_Force" title="Turkish Air Force">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Air_Force" title="Turkmen Air Force">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Air_Force" title="Uganda Air Force">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Force" title="Ukrainian Air Force">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Air_Force" title="United Arab Emirates Air Force">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Air_Force" title="Uruguayan Air Force">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan_Air_and_Air_Defence_Forces" title="Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan Air Force">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Air_Force" title="Vietnam People's Air Force">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Air_Force" title="Yemeni Air Force">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Air_Force" title="Zambian Air Force">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_of_Zimbabwe" title="Air Force of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330658#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330658#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330658#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000106598777">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/129426056">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2007201015">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15563059b">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15563059b">BnF data</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Air_Force&oldid=1259736265">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Air_Force&oldid=1259736265</a>"</div></div> <div 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