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user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="हमनी के सलाह बा की आप खाता बनाईं आ खाता में प्रवेश करीं; हालाँकि, ई जरूरी नइखे" class=""><span>खाता बनाईं</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="रउआँ से खाता मे प्रवेश करे के आगरह बा; हालाँकि, ई जरूरी नइखे [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>खाता में प्रवेश</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="निजी औजार" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">निजी औजार</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bh.wikipedia.org&uselang=bh"><span>दान करीं</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="हमनी के सलाह बा की आप खाता बनाईं आ खाता में प्रवेश करीं; हालाँकि, ई जरूरी नइखे"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>खाता बनाईं</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="रउआँ से खाता मे प्रवेश करे के आगरह बा; हालाँकि, ई जरूरी नइखे [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>खाता में प्रवेश</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>योगदान</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>बातचीत</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">लुकवाईं</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-नाँव" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#नाँव"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>नाँव</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-नाँव-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-परिचय" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#परिचय"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>परिचय</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-परिचय-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-शाखा" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#शाखा"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>शाखा</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-शाखा-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle शाखा subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-शाखा-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-भौतिक_भूगोल" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#भौतिक_भूगोल"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>भौतिक भूगोल</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-भौतिक_भूगोल-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-मानव_भूगोल" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#मानव_भूगोल"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>मानव भूगोल</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-मानव_भूगोल-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-पर्यावरण_भूगोल" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#पर्यावरण_भूगोल"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>पर्यावरण भूगोल</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-पर्यावरण_भूगोल-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-मानचित्रकला" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#मानचित्रकला"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>मानचित्रकला</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-मानचित्रकला-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-रिमोट_सेंसिंग" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#रिमोट_सेंसिंग"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>रिमोट सेंसिंग</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-रिमोट_सेंसिंग-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-जीआइएस" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#जीआइएस"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>जीआइएस</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-जीआइएस-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-प्रमुख_भूगोलवेत्ता_लोग" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#प्रमुख_भूगोलवेत्ता_लोग"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>प्रमुख भूगोलवेत्ता लोग</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-प्रमुख_भूगोलवेत्ता_लोग-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-संस्था_आ_इंस्टीच्यूट" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#संस्था_आ_इंस्टीच्यूट"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>संस्था आ इंस्टीच्यूट</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-संस्था_आ_इंस्टीच्यूट-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-प्रकाशन" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#प्रकाशन"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>प्रकाशन</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-प्रकाशन-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-इहो_देखल_जाय" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#इहो_देखल_जाय"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>इहो देखल जाय</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-इहो_देखल_जाय-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-संदर्भ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#संदर्भ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>संदर्भ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-संदर्भ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">भूगोल</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 256 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-256" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">256 भाषा सभ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Geografi" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardrykskunde" title="Aardrykskunde – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aardrykskunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografie" title="Geografie – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Geografie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%AD%E1%8B%93_%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%AD" title="መልክዓ ምድር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መልክዓ ምድር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheograf%C3%ADa" title="Cheografía – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cheografía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landgem%C7%A3rung" title="Landgemǣrung – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Landgemǣrung" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="भूगोल – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भूगोल" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جغرافيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جغرافيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%93%DC%90%DC%98%DC%93%DC%AA%DC%A6%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܓܐܘܓܪܦܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܓܐܘܓܪܦܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جغرافيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جغرافيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جغرافيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جغرافيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2" title="ভূগোল – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভূগোল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeograf%C3%ADa" title="Xeografía – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xeografía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="География" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawavopa" title="Tawavopa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Tawavopa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="भूगोल – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भूगोल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uraqita" title="Uraqita – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Uraqita" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co%C4%9Frafiya" title="Coğrafiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Coğrafiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="جوغرافیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جوغرافیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="География" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ograpi" title="Géograpi – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Géograpi" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografie" title="Geografie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Geografie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geuograp%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Geuograpėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Geuograpėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geograpi" title="Geograpi – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Geograpi" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heograpiya" title="Heograpiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Heograpiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геаграфія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Геаграфія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геаграфія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Геаграфія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="География" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiografi" title="Jiografi – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jiografi" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaji_banua" title="Kaji banua – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kaji banua" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%8F" title="ဟံႏပထဝီႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဟံႏပထဝီႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B9g%C3%B9k%C3%B2l%C3%B2k%C3%B9nn%C3%A0kalan" title="Dùgùkòlòkùnnàkalan – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Dùgùkòlòkùnnàkalan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2" title="ভূগোল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভূগোল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="ས་ཁམས་རིག་པ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ས་ཁམས་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douaroniezh" title="Douaroniezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Douaroniezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografija" title="Geografija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Geografija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geograpi" title="Geograpi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Geograpi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%B9" title="Газар зүй – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Газар зүй" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geograf%C3%ADa" title="Geografía – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Geografía" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AA-l%C4%AB" title="Dê-lī – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dê-lī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Географи – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Географи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyograpiya" title="Heyograpiya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Heyograpiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%95%E1%8F%B2%E1%8E%B2%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9_%E1%8E%A1%E1%8E%B6%E1%8E%AF" title="ᎠᏓᏕᏲᎲᏍᎩ ᎡᎶᎯ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏓᏕᏲᎲᏍᎩ ᎡᎶᎯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="جوگرافیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جوگرافیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geograf%C3%ACa" title="Geografìa – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Geografìa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co%C4%9Frafiya" title="Coğrafiya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Coğrafiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografie" title="Geografie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Geografie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge%C3%B2grafij%C3%B4" title="Geògrafijô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Geògrafijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Географи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Географи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daearyddiaeth" title="Daearyddiaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Daearyddiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Geografi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographie" title="Geographie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geographie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co%C4%9Frafya" title="Coğrafya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Coğrafya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografija" title="Geografija – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Geografija" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidtana%27" title="Sidtana' – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Sidtana'" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="भूगोल – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="भूगोल" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%AA%DE%A3%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%8A%DE%A9" title="ޖުޣުރާފީ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖުޣުރާފީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γεωγραφία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωγραφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography" title="Geography – अंगरेजी" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Geography" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="अंगरेजी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografio" title="Geografio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Geografio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geograf%C3%ADa" title="Geografía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Geografía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geograafia" title="Geograafia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Geograafia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="جغرافیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جغرافیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maantiede" title="Maantiede – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maantiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maatiid%C3%BCs" title="Maatiidüs – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Maatiidüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landafr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Landafrøði – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Landafrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ographie" title="Géographie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Géographie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografii" title="Geografii – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Geografii" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeografie" title="Gjeografie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gjeografie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografy" title="Geografy – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Geografy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADreola%C3%ADocht" title="Tíreolaíocht – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tíreolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="地理學 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="地理學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9yografi" title="Jéyografi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Jéyografi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruinn-e%C3%B2las" title="Cruinn-eòlas – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cruinn-eòlas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeograf%C3%ADa" title="Xeografía – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xeografía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvyapekuaa" title="Yvyapekuaa – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvyapekuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="भुगोल – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="भुगोल" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B3" title="ભૂગોળ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભૂગોળ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87heer-oaylleeaght" title="Çheer-oaylleeaght – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Çheer-oaylleeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labarin_kasa" title="Labarin kasa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Labarin kasa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi-l%C3%AE-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Thi-lî-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thi-lî-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="גאוגרפיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גאוגרפיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="भूगोल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भूगोल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagha" title="Jagha – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Jagha" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="बीछल लेख"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografija" title="Geografija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Geografija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografija" title="Geografija – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Geografija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewografi" title="Jewografi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jewografi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6ldrajztudom%C3%A1ny" title="Földrajztudomány – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Földrajztudomány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Աշխարհագրություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աշխարհագրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographia" title="Geographia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Geographia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Geografi" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Geografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografie" title="Geografie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Geografie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cm%C3%BAm%C3%BA-%C3%A0l%C3%A0" title="Ọmúmú-àlà – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ọmúmú-àlà" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heograpia" title="Heograpia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Heograpia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Географи – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Географи" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografio" title="Geografio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Geografio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Landfræði – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Landfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%84%E1%93%87%E1%90%85%E1%94%AA%E1%96%85" title="ᓄᓇᐅᔪᖅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓄᓇᐅᔪᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaagrafi" title="Jaagrafi – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Jaagrafi" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tutske" title="tutske – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tutske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ografi" title="Géografi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Géografi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გეოგრაფია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გეოგრაფია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografiya" title="Geografiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Geografiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnamurt" title="Tasnamurt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasnamurt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%85" title="Хэкумэтх – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Хэкумэтх" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kede%C5%8Ba_t%CA%8B%CA%8Bz%CA%8B%CA%8B_l%C9%9B%C9%A3t%CA%8B" title="Kedeŋa tʋʋzʋʋ lɛɣtʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kedeŋa tʋʋzʋʋ lɛɣtʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="नीक लेख"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="География" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunalerineq" title="Nunalerineq – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Nunalerineq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A" title="ភូមិសាស្ត្រ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភូមិសាស្ត្រ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭೂಗೋಳ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೂಗೋಳ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="지리학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="География" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8E%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%B2%D9%81%DB%8C" title="جَغرٲفی – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جَغرٲفی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdn%C3%AEgar%C3%AE" title="Erdnîgarî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Erdnîgarî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="География" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doronieth" title="Doronieth – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Doronieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="География" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographia" title="Geographia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Geographia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeografiya" title="Jeografiya – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Jeografiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographie" title="Geographie – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Geographie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="География" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeografia" title="Jeografia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Jeografia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essomansi" title="Essomansi – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Essomansi" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografie" title="Geografie – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Geografie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamb%C3%AD_ma_mabel%C3%A9" title="Mambí ma mabelé – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mambí ma mabelé" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ພູມສາດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພູມສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografija" title="Geografija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Geografija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A2eogr%C4%81fija" title="Ģeogrāfija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ģeogrāfija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Geografi" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="भूगोल – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भूगोल" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Geografi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Географиясь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Географиясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C3%B4grafia" title="Jeôgrafia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jeôgrafia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Географий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Географий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Geografi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Географија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Географија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%B9" title="Газар зүй – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Газар зүй" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B3%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ပထဝဳဝင် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ပထဝဳဝင်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="भूगोल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भूगोल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Geografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0eografija" title="Ġeografija – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġeografija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografie" title="Geografie – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Geografie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ပထဝီဝင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပထဝီဝင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C" title="جوغرافی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جوغرافی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlalticpacmatiliztli" title="Tlalticpacmatiliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlalticpacmatiliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giugrafia" title="Giugrafia – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Giugrafia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografie" title="Geografie – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Geografie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografie" title="Geografie – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Geografie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="भूगोल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भूगोल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="भूगोल – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भूगोल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Geografi" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardrijkskunde" title="Aardrijkskunde – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aardrijkskunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Geografi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Geografi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ographie" title="Géographie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Géographie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutafase" title="Thutafase – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Thutafase" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muantiedo" title="Muantiedo – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Muantiedo" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaasa" title="Hawaasa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Hawaasa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%82%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B3" title="ଭୂଗୋଳ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭୂଗୋଳ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Географи – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Географи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2" title="ਭੂਗੋਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੂਗੋਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jografie" title="Jografie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Jografie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="भूगोल – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="भूगोल" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiiografii" title="Jiiografii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Jiiografii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="جغرافیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جغرافیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Γεωγραφίαν – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Γεωγραφίαν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%81%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="ځمکپوهنه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ځمکپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allpa_saywachi" title="Allpa saywachi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Allpa saywachi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phuvipen" title="Phuvipen – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Phuvipen" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografie" title="Geografie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Geografie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciugrafije" title="Sciugrafije – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Sciugrafije" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="География" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B5%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ґеоґрафія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґеоґрафія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="भूगोलम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भूगोलम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Киэгирээпийэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Киэгирээпийэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9C" title="ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giugraf%C3%ACa" title="Giugrafìa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giugrafìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographie" title="Geographie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Geographie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A" title="جاگرافي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جاگرافي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografija" title="Geografija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Geografija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarakal" title="Tarakal – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tarakal" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="භූගෝල විද්‍යාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="භූගෝල විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography" title="Geography – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Geography" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Geografia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DB%81" title="جغرافیہ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="جغرافیہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="बीछल लेख"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografija" title="Geografija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Geografija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography" title="Geography – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Geography" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarachisi" title="Tarachisi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Tarachisi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juqraafi" title="Juqraafi – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Juqraafi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeografia" title="Gjeografia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjeografia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Географија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Географија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temhlaba" title="Temhlaba – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Temhlaba" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ografi" title="Géografi – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Géografi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Geografi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiografia" title="Jiografia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jiografia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografijo" title="Geografijo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Geografijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="புவியியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புவியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭೂಗೋಳ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭೂಗೋಳ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%99%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%AD%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%99%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B3_%E1%A5%97%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B3_%E1%A5%9D%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%B1" title="ᥙᥣᥭᥰ ᥙᥣᥳ ᥗᥣᥳ ᥝᥤᥱ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥙᥣᥭᥰ ᥙᥣᥳ ᥗᥣᥳ ᥝᥤᥱ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B3_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="భూగోళ శాస్త్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భూగోళ శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D2%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%91" title="Ҷуғрофиё – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷуғрофиё" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ภูมิศาสตร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภูมิศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi%C3%BDa" title="Geografiýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Geografiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heograpiya" title="Heograpiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Heograpiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Co%C7%A7rafij%C9%99" title="Čoǧrafijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Čoǧrafijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save_long_giraun" title="Save long giraun – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Save long giraun" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co%C4%9Frafya" title="Coğrafya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Coğrafya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntivo-mbangu" title="Ntivo-mbangu – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Ntivo-mbangu" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="География" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkhuzgo" title="Nkhuzgo – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Nkhuzgo" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeografi" title="Gyeografi – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Gyeografi" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="География" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="География" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%87%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="جۇغراپىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="جۇغراپىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Географія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Географія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DB%81" title="جغرافیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جغرافیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografiya" title="Geografiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Geografiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeografia" title="Zeografia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zeografia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografii" title="Geografii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Geografii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_l%C3%BD" title="Địa lý – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Địa lý" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirdrykskunde" title="Eirdrykskunde – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Eirdrykskunde" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taledav" title="Taledav – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Taledav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djeyografeye" title="Djeyografeye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djeyografeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyograpiya" title="Heyograpiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Heyograpiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melosuuf" title="Melosuuf – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Melosuuf" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="地理學 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地理學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJografi" title="IJografi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IJografi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="बीछल लेख"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გეოგრაფია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გეოგრაფია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A2" title="געאגראפיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געאגראפיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%E1%BA%B9%CC%81%E1%BB%8D%CC%81gr%C3%A1f%C3%AC" title="Jẹ́ọ́gráfì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jẹ́ọ́gráfì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deihleix" title="Deihleix – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Deihleix" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heografie" title="Heografie – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Heografie" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地理学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="地理學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="地理學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93-l%C3%AD" title="Tē-lí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-lí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="地理學 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="地理學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:World_map_2004_CIA_large_1.7m_whitespace_removed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="बिस्व के नक्शा, भूगोल के बिसय पृश्वी के अध्ययन हवे।" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/World_map_2004_CIA_large_1.7m_whitespace_removed.jpg/320px-World_map_2004_CIA_large_1.7m_whitespace_removed.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/World_map_2004_CIA_large_1.7m_whitespace_removed.jpg/480px-World_map_2004_CIA_large_1.7m_whitespace_removed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/World_map_2004_CIA_large_1.7m_whitespace_removed.jpg/640px-World_map_2004_CIA_large_1.7m_whitespace_removed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3599" data-file-height="1826" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="बिस्व">बिस्व</a> के <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE" title="नक्शा">नक्शा</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>भूगोल</b> या <b>भुगोल</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="अंग्रेजी">अंग्रेजी</a>: <span lang="en">geography</span>, <i>ज्यॉग्रफी</i>) एगो <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="बिज्ञान">बिज्ञान</a> आ पढ़ाई के बिसय हउवे जवन <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी">पृथ्वी</a> के अलग-अलग जगह भा क्षेत्र में पावल जाये वाला भौतिक आ जैविक घटना आ प्रक्रिया से बनल <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" class="mw-redirect" title="प्राकृतिक">प्राकृतिक</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="पर्यावरण">पर्यावरण</a>, आ मनुष्य के एह पर्यावरण के साथ संबंध से उपजल मनुष्य के रहन-सहन के तरीका आ मानवीय पर्यावरण के बर्णन, अध्ययन आ व्याख्या करे ला। सबसे पहिले <i>ज्याग्रफिया</i> (<i>γεωγραφία</i>) शब्द के प्रयोग यूनानी बिद्वान <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C" title="इरेटोस्थेनीज">इरेटोस्थेनीज</a> (276-194 ईपू) कइलें। </p><p>इतिहासी रूप से भूगोल बिसय के अध्ययन के क्षेत्र सबसे पहिले बिबिध प्रकार के चीजन के धरती पर बितरण के बर्णन से शुरू हो के उनहन के <i><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="स्पेशियल एनालिसिस">स्पेशियल एनालिसिस</a></i> ले पहुँचल, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="पर्यावरण पर मनुष्य के परभाव">मनुष्य-पर्यावरण संबंध</a> के बिबिध रूप के अध्ययन एकर बिसय बनल, क्षेत्र या प्रदेश के अध्ययन के बिसय के रूप में एकर प्रतिष्ठा भइल, पृथ्वी बिज्ञान के बिबिध बिसय पर <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A" title="रिसर्च">रिसर्च</a> कइल भी एकर काम रहल<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> आ अब आधुनिक समय में भूगोल एगो अइसन बिसय के रूप में स्थापित बाटे जवन पृथ्वी आ एह पर निवास करे वाला मनुष्य के बीच के संबंध के सगरी पहलू के अध्ययन जगह आ क्षेत्र के संदर्भ में करत बा। आज भूगोल के मतलब खाली ई नइखे कि कवन चीज कहाँ पावल जाला बलुक इहो बा कि पृथ्वी के अलग-अलग हिस्सा में आज जवन रूप देखे के मिलत बा ऊ कइसे बनल आ एह में होखे वाला बदलाव के दिसा का बा। </p><p>भूगोल के दू गो बड़हन शाखा में बाँटल जाला, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="भौतिक भूगोल">भौतिक भूगोल</a> आ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="मानव भूगोल">मानव भूगोल</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, आ वर्तमान समय में एगो आधुनिक शाखा <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="पर्यावरण भूगोल">पर्यावरण भूगोल</a> या इंटिग्रेटेड भूगोल बिकसित भइल बा जे एह दुन्नों शाखा के बिचा में सहयोग आ सामंजस्य से बनल बाटे। </p><p>भूगोल से उपजल या एकर सहायक बिसय के रूप में <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="रिमोट सेंसिंग">रिमोट सेंसिंग</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="भूसूचना विज्ञान">भूसूचना विज्ञान</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="जी॰आइ॰यस॰">जी॰आइ॰यस॰</a> आ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="कार्टोग्राफी">कार्टोग्राफी</a> बाड़ें। वर्तमान में भूगोल, इस्कूल से लेके डिग्री कालेज आ इन्वर्सिटी तक में पढ़ावल जाये वाला मशहूर बिषय बा। भूगोल के बिद्वान या भूगोल पढ़े-पढ़ावे वाला लोग के <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="मशहूर भूगोलवेत्ता">भूगोलवेत्ता</a> कहल जाला। </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="नाँव"><span id=".E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.81.E0.A4.B5"></span>नाँव</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&section=1" title="नाँव खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Globus_im_Geographieunterricht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="ग्लोब पढ़त बिद्यार्थी" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Globus_im_Geographieunterricht.jpg/220px-Globus_im_Geographieunterricht.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Globus_im_Geographieunterricht.jpg/330px-Globus_im_Geographieunterricht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Globus_im_Geographieunterricht.jpg/440px-Globus_im_Geographieunterricht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC" title="ग्लोब">ग्लोब</a> आ किताब ले के पढ़ाई करत एगो बिद्यार्थी </figcaption></figure> <p>भूगोल (<i>भू</i> आ <i>गोल</i> के जोड़ के बनल) शब्द संस्कृत भाषा के हउवे जेकर अर्थ होला गोल आकार के <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="धरती">धरती</a>। प्राचीन काल में <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="ज्योतिष">ज्योतिष</a> विज्ञान में <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="ब्रह्मांड">ब्रह्मांड</a> के कल्पना दू गो गोला के रूप में कइल गइल रहे — <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="खगोल">खगोल</a> आ भूगोल, अउरी ई मानल जाय कि बड़का गोला खगोल के ठीक बीचोबीच में छोटका गोला पृथ्वी स्थित बा। </p><p>बाद में यूरोपीय शिक्षा के सिस्टम के भारत में प्रचलन होखले पर एगो ज्ञान के बिसय के रूप में के ज्याग्रफी <i>Geography</i> नाँव के ज्ञान के शाखा भा बिज्ञान के हिंदी में भूगोल कहल जाये लागल। अंग्रेजी के ज्याग्राफी शब्द खुदे <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="यूनानी भाषा">यूनानी भाषा</a> के दू गो शब्द, "ज्या" <i>(geo)</i> मतलब "पृथ्वी" अउरी "ग्राफी" <i>(graphie)</i> मतलब "वर्णन कइल", से मिल के बनल बाटे जवना के शाब्दिक अरथ भइल "पृथ्वी के वर्णन"।<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ज्याग्रफी शब्द के सबसे पहिले प्रयोग <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C" title="इरेटोस्थेनीज">इरेटोस्थेनीज</a> नामक <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="यूनानी">यूनानी</a> बिद्वान कइलन। एही से आ उनकी एह विषय में महत्व वाला योगदानन के वजह से उनके "वैज्ञानिक भूगोल के पिता" कहल जाला। </p><p>भूगोल के अन्य दुसरा अरथ में होखे वाला इस्तेमाल में बा<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ol><li>कौनों जगह या क्षेत्र के भूगोलीय स्थिति आ संरचना के ओह जगह के <i>भूगोल</i> कह दिहल जाला, आ</li> <li>कौनों जगह के भूगोलीय बिबरण या ओह जगह पर लिखल किताब या बिबरण के भी भूगोल कहल जाला।</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="परिचय"><span id=".E0.A4.AA.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.9A.E0.A4.AF"></span>परिचय</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&section=2" title="परिचय खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks hlist" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="भूगोल के इतिहास">भूगोल के इतिहास</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:OrteliusWorldMap.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/OrteliusWorldMap.jpeg/220px-OrteliusWorldMap.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/OrteliusWorldMap.jpeg/330px-OrteliusWorldMap.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/OrteliusWorldMap.jpeg/440px-OrteliusWorldMap.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="5788" data-file-height="3942" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="इतिहासी भूगोल (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">इतिहासी भूगोल</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="यूनानी-रोमन भूगोल (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">यूनानी-रोमन भूगोल</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="चीन में भूगोल (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">चीन में भूगोल</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%86_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="इस्लामी दौर में भूगोल आ नक्शानवीसी (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">इस्लामी दौर में भूगोल आ नक्शानवीसी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="भूगोलीय खोज के जुग (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">भूगोलीय खोज के जुग</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="कार्टोग्राफी के इतिहास (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">कार्टोग्राफी के इतिहास</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="पर्यावरणी डिटरमिनिज्म">पर्यावरणी डिटरमिनिज्म</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6_(%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="संभववाद (भूगोल) (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">संभववाद</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="प्रादेशिक भूगोल">प्रादेशिक भूगोल</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="क्वांटिटेटिव रिवोल्यूशन">क्वांटिटेटिव रिवोल्यूशन</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="समालोचनात्मक भूगोल (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">समालोचनात्मक भूगोल</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-देखीं"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:History_of_geography_sidebar" title="टेम्पलेट:History of geography sidebar"><abbr title="ई टेम्पलेट देखीं">दे</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-वार्ता"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:History_of_geography_sidebar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट वार्ता:History of geography sidebar (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)"><abbr title="टेम्पलेट पर चर्चा करीं">बा</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-संपादन"><a class="external text" href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:History_of_geography_sidebar&action=edit"><abbr title="एह टेम्पलेट में संपादन करीं">सं</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle">मुख्य लेख: <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE" title="भूगोल के रूपरेखा">भूगोल के रूपरेखा</a></div> <p>परम्परागत रूप से भूगोलवेत्ता लोग के नक्शानवीस के रूप में देखल जाला जे पृथ्वी के जगह आ जगहन के नाँव आ संख्या के अध्ययन करे लें। हालाँकि, एगो भूगोलवेत्ता के मुख्य काम ई नाही बाटे। भूगोलवेत्ता लोग घटना आ प्रासेस सभ के जगह आ समय के साथ बदलाव के अध्ययन करे ला आ मनुष्य आ ओकरे प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण के बीच होखे वाली क्रिया-प्रतिक्रिया के अध्ययन भी करे ला।<sup id="cite_ref-Hayes-Bohanan_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayes-Bohanan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="स्पेस">स्पेस</a>" यानि स्थान या जगह कौनों-न-कौनों तरीका से बहुत सारा चीजन पर आपन परभाव डाले ला आ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81" title="जलवायु">जलवायु</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="बनस्पति">पेड़-पौधा</a> आ जीव-जंतु से ले के अर्थव्यवस्था आ सेहत जइसन चीज के परभावित करे ला; एही कारण भूगोल, जेकर मुख्य बिसय स्पेस बाटे, एगो इंटरडिसिप्लिनरी बिज्ञान के रूप में बा। भूगोल के ई इंटरडिसिप्लिनरी सुभाव भौतिक आ मानवीय चीजन के बीच के संबंध आ एह से उपजे वाला पैटर्न सभ के अध्ययन के कारण बा।<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>एगो ज्ञान के बिसय के रूप में भूगोल के दू शाखा में बाँटल जाला:<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="मानव भूगोल">मानव भूगोल</a> आ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="भौतिक भूगोल">भौतिक भूगोल</a>। पहिला, मुख्य रूप से <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="बनावटी पर्यावरण">आदमी के बनावल पर्यावरण</a> पर धियान देला आ एह बात के खोज में रूचि लेला कि कइसे मनुष्य अपने आसपास के स्पेस के निर्माण करे ला, देखे ला, मैनेज करे ला, आ परभावित करे ला।दूसरी शाखा में अध्ययन के बिसय मुख्य रूप से भौतिक घटना आ जैविक घटना आ प्रासेस से बनल प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण के तत्व सभ के अध्ययन होला आ ई खोज कइल जाला कि कइसे जीव-जंतु, जलवायु, माटी, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पानी">पानी</a>, आ थलरूप आपस में क्रिया-प्रतिक्रिया कइ के प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण बनावेलें आ एह में स्पेस के कॉ भूमिका होले।<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> एह दुन्नों तरीका या अप्रोच बीच के अंतर के कारण एगो नया तिसरी शाखा उपजल, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="पर्यावरण भूगोल">पर्यावरण भूगोल</a> जवन भौतिक आ मानव भूगोल के कंबाइन कइ के पर्यावरण आ मनुष्य के बीच के क्रिया-प्रतिक्रिया के अध्ययन करे ले।<sup id="cite_ref-Hayes-Bohanan_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayes-Bohanan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>इतिहासी रूप से बिबरण करे वाला भूगोल के भी दू गो प्रमुख अप्रोच रहल बाड़ें। जब भूगोल में कौनो एगो तत्व चुन के ओकर पूरा पृथ्वी पर अध्ययन कइल जाला, मने कि ऊ तत्व पूरा पृथ्वी पर कहाँ-कहाँ आ केतना मात्रा में पावल जाला एह बात के अध्ययन कइल जाला तब एके <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="क्रमबद्ध भूगोल">क्रमबद्ध भूगोल</a> कहल जाला। एकरी ठीक उल्टा, जब कौनो जगह चाहे क्षेत्र चुन के ओकरी अन्दर पावल जाये वाला सब तत्व क अध्ययन कइल जाला तब ओके क्षेत्रीय भूगोल या <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="प्रादेशिक भूगोल">प्रादेशिक भूगोल</a> कहल जाला। </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="शाखा"><span id=".E0.A4.B6.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.96.E0.A4.BE"></span>शाखा</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&section=3" title="शाखा खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>भूगोल के दू गो मुख्य शाखा हवे। जब कौनो प्राकृतिक तत्व जैसे ऊंचाई, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तापमान">तापमान</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE" title="बरखा">बारिश</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="बनस्पति">बनस्पति</a> वगैरह के अध्ययन कइल जाला त ओके <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="भौतिक भूगोल">भौतिक भूगोल</a> कहल जाला आ जब कौनो मानवीय चीज क अध्ययन जैसे कि <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="जनसंख्या">जनसंख्या</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="भाषा">भाषा</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="धर्म">धर्म</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="शहर">शहर</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="कृषि">कृषि</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="व्यापार">व्यापार</a> वगैरह क अध्ययन कइल जाला त ओके <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="मानव भूगोल">मानव भूगोल</a> कहल जाला। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="भौतिक_भूगोल"><span id=".E0.A4.AD.E0.A5.8C.E0.A4.A4.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.95_.E0.A4.AD.E0.A5.82.E0.A4.97.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.B2"></span>भौतिक भूगोल</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&section=4" title="भौतिक भूगोल खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle">मुख्य लेख: <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="भौतिक भूगोल">भौतिक भूगोल</a></div> <p>भौतिक भूगोल पृथ्वी पर होखे वाली भौतिक आ प्राकृतिक क्रिया सभ के अस्थान की संदर्भ में अध्ययन करेला। ई पृथवी की जमीनी हिस्सा मने स्थलमंडल, एकरी चारों ओर गैस से बनल <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2" title="वायुमंडल">वायुमंडल</a>, पृथ्वी पर पावल जाए वाला पानी क बिसाल भण्डार समुद्र, मने <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2" title="जलमंडल">जलमंडल</a>, आ पृथिवी पर पावल जाए वाला जीव जंतु से बनल जैवमंडल की रचना आ काम कइले की तरीका क अध्ययन करे ला। </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">भौतिक भूगोल के कई गो बड़हन उपशाखा में बाँटल जा सकेला जेवना में मुख्य बा:</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:L%C3%ADnea_de_Wallace.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="जीव भूगोल"><img alt="जीव भूगोल" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/L%C3%ADnea_de_Wallace.jpg/269px-L%C3%ADnea_de_Wallace.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/L%C3%ADnea_de_Wallace.jpg/403px-L%C3%ADnea_de_Wallace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/L%C3%ADnea_de_Wallace.jpg/537px-L%C3%ADnea_de_Wallace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="जीव भूगोल">जीव भूगोल</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="जलवायु & मौसम बिज्ञान"><img alt="जलवायु & मौसम बिज्ञान" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/273px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/409px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/545px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2004" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जलवायु बिज्ञान">जलवायु</a> & <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मौसम बिज्ञान">मौसम बिज्ञान</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:90_mile_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="समुंद्रतटीय भूगोल"><img alt="समुंद्रतटीय भूगोल" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/90_mile_beach.jpg/240px-90_mile_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/90_mile_beach.jpg/360px-90_mile_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/90_mile_beach.jpg/480px-90_mile_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="समुंद्रतटीय भूगोल">समुंद्रतटीय भूगोल</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Gavin_Power_Plant.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="पर्यावरणी मैनेजमेंट"><img alt="पर्यावरणी मैनेजमेंट" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gavin_Power_Plant.jpg/240px-Gavin_Power_Plant.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gavin_Power_Plant.jpg/360px-Gavin_Power_Plant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gavin_Power_Plant.jpg/480px-Gavin_Power_Plant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F" title="पर्यावरणी मैनेजमेंट">पर्यावरणी मैनेजमेंट</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 123.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Meridian_convergence_and_spehrical_excess.png" class="mw-file-description" title="भूमापन"><img alt="भूमापन" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Meridian_convergence_and_spehrical_excess.png/185px-Meridian_convergence_and_spehrical_excess.png" decoding="async" width="124" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Meridian_convergence_and_spehrical_excess.png/278px-Meridian_convergence_and_spehrical_excess.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Meridian_convergence_and_spehrical_excess.png/370px-Meridian_convergence_and_spehrical_excess.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="598" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="भूमापन (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">भूमापन</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 206px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 204px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Delicate_Arch_LaSalle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="भूआकृति बिज्ञान"><img alt="भूआकृति बिज्ञान" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Delicate_Arch_LaSalle.jpg/306px-Delicate_Arch_LaSalle.jpg" decoding="async" width="204" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Delicate_Arch_LaSalle.jpg/458px-Delicate_Arch_LaSalle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Delicate_Arch_LaSalle.jpg/611px-Delicate_Arch_LaSalle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1812" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूआकृति बिज्ञान">भूआकृति बिज्ञान</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 258.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 256.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Receding_glacier-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ग्लेशियोलॉजी"><img alt="ग्लेशियोलॉजी" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Receding_glacier-en.svg/385px-Receding_glacier-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="257" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Receding_glacier-en.svg/577px-Receding_glacier-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Receding_glacier-en.svg/769px-Receding_glacier-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="562" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="ग्लेशियोलॉजी">ग्लेशियोलॉजी</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Meander-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="हाइड्रोलॉजी & हाइड्रोग्राफी"><img alt="हाइड्रोलॉजी & हाइड्रोग्राफी" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Meander-en.svg/322px-Meander-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="215" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Meander-en.svg/483px-Meander-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Meander-en.svg/643px-Meander-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="हाइड्रोलॉजी">हाइड्रोलॉजी</a> & <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="हाइड्रोग्राफी">हाइड्रोग्राफी</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Khajuraho-landscape.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="लैंडस्केप इकोलॉजी"><img alt="लैंडस्केप इकोलॉजी" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Khajuraho-landscape.jpg/238px-Khajuraho-landscape.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Khajuraho-landscape.jpg/356px-Khajuraho-landscape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Khajuraho-landscape.jpg/475px-Khajuraho-landscape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="379" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="लैंडस्केप इकोलॉजी">लैंडस्केप इकोलॉजी</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:World11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="समुंद्र बिज्ञान"><img alt="समुंद्र बिज्ञान" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/World11.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="149" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="समुंद्र बिज्ञान">समुंद्र बिज्ञान</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 100px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 98px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Soil_profile.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="माटी बिज्ञान"><img alt="माटी बिज्ञान" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Soil_profile.jpg/147px-Soil_profile.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Soil_profile.jpg/221px-Soil_profile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Soil_profile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="माटी बिज्ञान">माटी बिज्ञान</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Pangea_animation_03.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="पुरा भूगोल"><img alt="पुरा भूगोल" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Pangea_animation_03.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="पुरा भूगोल (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">पुरा भूगोल</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Milankovitch_Variations_sv.png" class="mw-file-description" title="क्वार्टरनरी बिज्ञान"><img alt="क्वार्टरनरी बिज्ञान" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Milankovitch_Variations_sv.png/238px-Milankovitch_Variations_sv.png" decoding="async" width="159" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Milankovitch_Variations_sv.png/356px-Milankovitch_Variations_sv.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Milankovitch_Variations_sv.png/475px-Milankovitch_Variations_sv.png 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="363" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="क्वार्टरनरी बिज्ञान (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">क्वार्टरनरी बिज्ञान</a></div> </li> </ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="मानव_भूगोल"><span id=".E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.B5_.E0.A4.AD.E0.A5.82.E0.A4.97.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.B2"></span>मानव भूगोल</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&section=5" title="मानव भूगोल खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle">मुख्य लेख: <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="मानव भूगोल">मानव भूगोल</a></div> <p>मानव भूगोल भूगोल क एगो अइसन शाखा हवे जेवन मनुष्य की क्रिया कलाप आ ओ सगरी चीजां के अध्ययन करे ले जेवन कौनों अस्थान या क्षेत्र की <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="समाज">मानव समाज</a> के बनावे में महत्व वाला होलिन। एही से एह शाखा में मनुष्य, ओकर <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="जनसंख्या">जनसंख्या</a>, ओकर <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="बस्ती">बस्ती</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="समाज">समाज</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="संस्कृति">संस्कृति</a> वगैरह सभ चीज का बर्णन आ व्याख्या होले। </p><p><br /> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">मानव भूगोल के भी कई गो उपशाखा बा जवना में प्रमुख बाड़ी कुल:</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Qichwa_conchucos_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="सांस्कृतिक भूगोल"><img alt="सांस्कृतिक भूगोल" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Qichwa_conchucos_01.jpg/240px-Qichwa_conchucos_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Qichwa_conchucos_01.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="सांस्कृतिक भूगोल">सांस्कृतिक भूगोल</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Pepsi_in_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="बिकास भूगोल"><img alt="बिकास भूगोल" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pepsi_in_India.jpg/267px-Pepsi_in_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pepsi_in_India.jpg/400px-Pepsi_in_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pepsi_in_India.jpg/534px-Pepsi_in_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="471" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="बिकास भूगोल">बिकास भूगोल</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 127.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Christaller_model_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="आर्थिक भूगोल"><img alt="आर्थिक भूगोल" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Christaller_model_1.jpg/188px-Christaller_model_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Christaller_model_1.jpg/281px-Christaller_model_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Christaller_model_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="आर्थिक भूगोल">आर्थिक भूगोल</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Star_of_life.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="सेहत भूगोल"><img alt="सेहत भूगोल" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/186px-Star_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="124" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/278px-Star_of_life.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/371px-Star_of_life.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="सेहत भूगोल (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">सेहत भूगोल</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:British_Empire_1897.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="इतिहासी & समय भूगोल"><img alt="इतिहासी & समय भूगोल" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/237px-British_Empire_1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/355px-British_Empire_1897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/473px-British_Empire_1897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="849" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="इतिहासी भूगोल (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">इतिहासी</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="समय भूगोल (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">समय भूगोल</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:UN_General_Assembly.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="राजनीतिक भूगोल & भूराजनीति"><img alt="राजनीतिक भूगोल & भूराजनीति" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/UN_General_Assembly.jpg/244px-UN_General_Assembly.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/UN_General_Assembly.jpg/366px-UN_General_Assembly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/UN_General_Assembly.jpg/487px-UN_General_Assembly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="राजनीतिक भूगोल">राजनीतिक भूगोल</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="भूराजनीति (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">भूराजनीति</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Pyramide_Comores.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="जनसंख्या भूगोल"><img alt="जनसंख्या भूगोल" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pyramide_Comores.PNG/260px-Pyramide_Comores.PNG" decoding="async" width="174" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pyramide_Comores.PNG/390px-Pyramide_Comores.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pyramide_Comores.PNG/520px-Pyramide_Comores.PNG 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="जनसंख्या भूगोल">जनसंख्या भूगोल</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 117.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 115.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:ReligionSymbol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="धर्म भूगोल"><img alt="धर्म भूगोल" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/ReligionSymbol.svg/173px-ReligionSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="116" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/ReligionSymbol.svg/259px-ReligionSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/ReligionSymbol.svg/345px-ReligionSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="631" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="धर्म भूगोल (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">धर्म भूगोल</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:US-hoosier-family.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="सामाजिक भूगोल"><img alt="सामाजिक भूगोल" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US-hoosier-family.jpg/240px-US-hoosier-family.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US-hoosier-family.jpg/360px-US-hoosier-family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US-hoosier-family.jpg/480px-US-hoosier-family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2011" data-file-height="1509" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="सामाजिक भूगोल">सामाजिक भूगोल</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Gare_du_Nord_USFRT_(Paris_Metro).png" class="mw-file-description" title="परिवहन भूगोल"><img alt="परिवहन भूगोल" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Gare_du_Nord_USFRT_%28Paris_Metro%29.png/196px-Gare_du_Nord_USFRT_%28Paris_Metro%29.png" decoding="async" width="131" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Gare_du_Nord_USFRT_%28Paris_Metro%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="परिवहन भूगोल (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">परिवहन भूगोल</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 131.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 129.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Tourist_taking_photographs_and_video_at_archaelogical_site.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="पर्यटन भूगोल"><img alt="पर्यटन भूगोल" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Tourist_taking_photographs_and_video_at_archaelogical_site.jpg/194px-Tourist_taking_photographs_and_video_at_archaelogical_site.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Tourist_taking_photographs_and_video_at_archaelogical_site.jpg/291px-Tourist_taking_photographs_and_video_at_archaelogical_site.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Tourist_taking_photographs_and_video_at_archaelogical_site.jpg/389px-Tourist_taking_photographs_and_video_at_archaelogical_site.jpg 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="517" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="पर्यटन भूगोल">पर्यटन भूगोल</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:New-York-Jan2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="शहरी भूगोल"><img alt="शहरी भूगोल" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/New-York-Jan2005.jpg/240px-New-York-Jan2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/New-York-Jan2005.jpg/360px-New-York-Jan2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/New-York-Jan2005.jpg/480px-New-York-Jan2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="शहरी भूगोल">शहरी भूगोल</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>भूगोल की एह शाखा में इतिहास में कई तरह क अप्रोच विकसित भइल बा जेवन अलग अलग समय में एकरी बिचारधारा पर हावी रहे: </p> <ul><li>बेहवारवादी भूगोल</li> <li>नारीवादी भूगोल</li> <li>संस्कृति सिद्धांत</li> <li>जियोसोफी</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="पर्यावरण_भूगोल"><span id=".E0.A4.AA.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AF.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.A3_.E0.A4.AD.E0.A5.82.E0.A4.97.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.B2"></span>पर्यावरण भूगोल</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&section=6" title="पर्यावरण भूगोल खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle">मुख्य लेख: <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="पर्यावरण भूगोल">पर्यावरण भूगोल</a></div> <p><b>पर्यावरण भूगोल</b> पर्यावरण के दसा, पर्यावरण के काम करे के तरीका, आ पर्यावरण आ तकनीकी ज्ञान वाला <i>आर्थिक मनुष्य</i> के बीच संबंधन क अध्ययन, जगह (क्षेत्र) आ समय (बदलाव) की संदर्भ में करे वाला बिज्ञान हवे।<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ई भूगोल क एगो अइसन शाखा हवे जेवन एक तरह का संश्लेषणात्मक विज्ञान हवे आ एके इंटीग्रेटेड भूगोल (समन्वयात्मक भूगोल)की रूप में भी जानल जाला। </p><p>भूगोल क ई शाखा एक तरह से <a href="#भौतिक_भूगोल">भौतिक भूगोल</a> आ <a href="#मानव_भूगोल">मानव भूगोल</a> की अध्ययन क्षेत्र में दूरी कम कइला क काम करे ला| भूगोल हमेशा से मनुष्य आ मनुष्य के पर्यावरण की अध्ययन के अस्थान आ समय की संदर्भ में करत रहल बाटे। हालाँकि, 1950 से 1970 की दौर में भौतिक भूगोल आ मानव भूगोल कि बिचा में दूरी बढ़ल आ एही से भूगोल क पर्यावरण की पढ़ाई से कुछ दूरी बन गइल जेवना कारन ए दौर में पर्यावरण क झंडाबरदार जीव विज्ञानी लोग रहि गइल रहे।<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> बाद में तंत्र विश्लेषण आ इकोलोजिकल उपागम की महत्व के भूगोल में तेजी से बहुत तेजी से मान बढ़ल आ पर्यावरण भूगोल, भौतिक अउरी मानव भूगोल की बिचा में एगो बहुआयामी संश्लेषण की रूप में आगे आइल।<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="मानचित्रकला"><span id=".E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.9A.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.A4.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.B2.E0.A4.BE"></span>मानचित्रकला</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&section=7" title="मानचित्रकला खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle">मुख्य लेख: <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="कार्टोग्राफी">कार्टोग्राफी</a></div> <p>कार्टोग्राफी या मानचित्र विज्ञान या नक्शानवीसी एगो विज्ञान आ कला हवे जेवन <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE" title="नक्शा">नक्शा</a> बनावे की विधि आ तरीका क अध्ययन करेला।<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="रिमोट_सेंसिंग"><span id=".E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.AE.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.9F_.E0.A4.B8.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.82.E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.82.E0.A4.97"></span>रिमोट सेंसिंग</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&section=8" title="रिमोट सेंसिंग खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle">मुख्य लेख: <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="रिमोट सेंसिंग">रिमोट सेंसिंग</a></div> <p>रिमोट सेंसिंग अइसन प्रक्रिया हवे जेह में धरती के सतह से ऊपर कुछ दूरी पर मौजूद कौनों यंत्र से <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी">पृथ्वी</a> के कौनों हिस्सा के बारे में जानकारी हासिल कइल जाला। ई यंत्र कैमरा या सेंसर हो सके ला, आ रिमोट सेंसिंग के उत्पाद के रूप में हवाई फोटो या उपग्रह इमेज के इस्तेमाल जीवन के बिबिध क्षेत्र में हो सके ला। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="जीआइएस"><span id=".E0.A4.9C.E0.A5.80.E0.A4.86.E0.A4.87.E0.A4.8F.E0.A4.B8"></span>जीआइएस</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&section=9" title="जीआइएस खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Smartphone_with_navigation_map_app.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map in Smartphone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Smartphone_with_navigation_map_app.jpg/230px-Smartphone_with_navigation_map_app.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Smartphone_with_navigation_map_app.jpg/345px-Smartphone_with_navigation_map_app.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Smartphone_with_navigation_map_app.jpg/460px-Smartphone_with_navigation_map_app.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="स्मार्टफोन">स्मार्टफोन</a> में खुलल वेब नक्शा वाला एप</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle">मुख्य लेख: <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8" title="जीआइएस">जीआइएस</a></div> <p>भूगोलीय जानकारी सिस्टम (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8" title="जीआइएस">जीआइएस</a>) अइसन सिस्टम होला जेह में <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="भूगोलीय आँकड़ा">भूगोलीय आँकड़ा</a> के कैप्चर, सहेज के रक्खल, मैनिपुलेशन, एनालिसिस, प्रबंधन, क्वैरी आ प्रेजेंटेशन कइल जा सके ला। एकर अध्ययन करे वाला बिज्ञान <i>जीआइसाइंस</i> कहाला आ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूसूचना बिज्ञान">जियोइन्फार्मेटिक्स</a> के उपशाखा हवे। जीआइएस के मुख्य कंपोनेंट खासतौर से भूगोलीय भा स्पेशियल आँकड़ा खातिर डिजाइन कइल साफ्टवेयर आ एप्लीकेशन होखे लें। </p><p><i>वेब जीआइएस</i> आ <i><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="वेब मैपिंग">वेब मैपिंग</a></i> के अक्सरहा पर्यावाची के रूप में इस्तेमाल होला। वास्तव में वेब जीआइएस के मतलब बा वेब <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ब्राउजर">ब्राउजर</a> के जरिये जीआइएस के डेटा तक पहुँचल आ एनालिसिस कइल आ अपना जरूरत आ पसऽन अनुसार नक्सा बनावल। <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC" title="वल्ड वाइड वेब">वेब</a> आधारित अइसन नक्शा बनावल खाली भर <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="कार्टोग्राफी">वेब कार्टोग्राफी</a> के काम ना हवे बलुक एह में ई चीज भी सामिल बा कि नकसा में का देखावल जाय आ कइसे देखावल जाय ई कुछ हद तक बीछे के सुबिधा नक्शा पढ़े वाला के भी होला।<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> कहे के मतलब कि वेब आधारित नक्सा कौनों फाइनल प्रोडक्ट ना हवे बलुक एह में उपभोक्ता के सहभागिता भी होला। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="प्रमुख_भूगोलवेत्ता_लोग"><span id=".E0.A4.AA.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.AE.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.96_.E0.A4.AD.E0.A5.82.E0.A4.97.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.B2.E0.A4.B5.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.A4.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A4.E0.A4.BE_.E0.A4.B2.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.97"></span>प्रमुख भूगोलवेत्ता लोग</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&section=10" title="प्रमुख भूगोलवेत्ता लोग खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Gerardus_Mercator3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Gerardus_Mercator3.jpg/180px-Gerardus_Mercator3.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Gerardus_Mercator3.jpg/270px-Gerardus_Mercator3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Gerardus_Mercator3.jpg/360px-Gerardus_Mercator3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="889" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="जेरार्ड मर्केटर (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">जेरार्ड मर्केटर</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:AvHumboldt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/AvHumboldt.jpg/180px-AvHumboldt.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/AvHumboldt.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption>हम्बोल्ट</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:David_Harvey2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/David_Harvey2.jpg/180px-David_Harvey2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/David_Harvey2.jpg/270px-David_Harvey2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/David_Harvey2.jpg/360px-David_Harvey2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1191" data-file-height="871" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="डेविड हार्वे (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">डेविड हार्वे</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="इरैटोस्थेनीज (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">इरैटोस्थेनीज</a> (276-194 BC) — पृथ्वी के साइज के गणना (नाप) करे वाला पहिला बिद्वान रहलें।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="स्ट्रैबो (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">स्ट्रैबो</a> (64/63 BC — ca. AD 24) — <i>ज्याग्रफिका</i> नाँव के किताब लिखलें, पहिली अइसन किताब जेह में भूगोल बिसय के रूपरेखा निश्चित भइल।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टालेमी (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">टालेमी</a> (c.90-c.168) — यूनानी आ रोमन ज्ञान के एकट्ठा क के <i>ज्याग्रफिया</i> नाँव के किताब लिखलें।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="अल इदरिसी (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">अल इदरिसी</a> (अरबी: أبو عبد الله محمد الإدريسي; लैटिन: Dreses) (1100-1165/66) — <i>नुज़हतुल मुश्ताक़</i> के लेखक।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="जेरार्डस मर्केटर (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">जेरार्डस मर्केटर</a> (1512-1594) — कार्टोग्राफर जे परसिद्ध <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मर्केटर प्रोजेक्शन (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">मर्केटर प्रोजेक्शन</a> के रचना कइलेन।</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="अलेक्जेंडर वॉन हम्बोल्ट">अलेक्जेंडर वॉन हम्बोल्ट</a> (1769-1859) — आधुनिक भूगोल के पिता मानल जालें, <i>कॉसमॉस</i> किताब लिखलें, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="जीवभूगोल">जीवभूगोल</a> के संस्थापक।</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कार्ल रिटर">कार्ल रिटर</a> (1779-1859) — आधुनिक भूगोल के पिता मानल जालें, बर्लिन विश्वविद्यालय में भूगोल के पहिला चेयर पर नियुक्त भइलें।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="अर्नाल्ड हेनरी गुयोट (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">अर्नाल्ड हेनरी गुयोट</a> (1807-1884) — ग्लेशियर के गति आ इनहन के संरचना के अध्ययन कइलेन।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विलियम मॉरिस डेविस (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">विलियम मॉरिस डेविस</a> (1850-1934) — अमेरिकन ज्याग्रफी के संस्थापक, <i>खरोह चक्र</i> के कांसेप्ट देवे वाला।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="पॉल विडाल डी ला ब्लाश (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">पॉल विडाल डी ला ब्लाश</a> (1845-1918) — फ्रांसीसी स्कूल के के संस्थापक, <i>प्रिंसिपल्स ऑफ ह्यूमन ज्याग्रफी</i> के लेखक।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="जे एफ विलियम्स (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">जे एफ विलियम्स</a> (1854-1911) — <i>दि ज्यग्रफी ऑफ दि ओशंस</i> के लेखक।</li> <li>सर <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="हालफोर्ड मैकिंडर (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">हालफोर्ड मैकिंडर</a> (1861-1947) — लंदन स्कूल ऑफ इकोनामिक्स के सहसंस्थापक आ ज्याग्रफिकल सोसाइटी के संस्थापक सदस्य। <i>हार्टलैड थियरी</i> दिहलें।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ई सी सैंपल (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">ई सी सैंपल</a> (1863-1932) — अमेरिका में पहिली पर्भाव्शाली औरत भूगोलवेत्ता।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%93._%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="कार्ल ओ. सावर (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">कार्ल ओ. सावर</a> (1889-1975) — प्रमुख सांस्कृतिक भूगोलवेत्ता।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="वाल्टर क्रिस्टालर (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">वाल्टर क्रिस्टालर</a> (1893-1969) — मानव भूगोलवेत्ता; <i>सेंट्रल प्लेस थियरी</i> दिहलें।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="यी-फू तुआन (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">यी-फू तुआन</a> (जनम 1930) — चाइनीज-अमेरिकन बिद्वान, ह्यूमानिस्तटिक भूगोल के जनक मानल जालें।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="कार्ल बटजर (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">कार्ल बटजर</a> (1934-2016) — परभावशाली जर्मन-अमेरिकन भूगोल वेत्ता, सांस्कृतिक इकोलॉजिस्ट आ पर्यावरणी आर्कियोलॉजिस्ट।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="डेविड हार्वे (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">डेविड हार्वे</a> (जनम 1935) — मार्क्सवादी भूगोलवेत्ता, स्पेशियल भूगोल के क्षेत्र में काम, <i>ज्याग्रफी ऑफ हंगर</i> आ <i>एक्सप्लेनेशंस इन ज्याग्रफी</i> के लेखक, <i>वूत्रिन लुद प्राइज</i> के बिजेता।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="एडवर्ड सोजा (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">एडवर्ड सोजा</a> (1941-2015) — प्रादेशिक बिकास, प्लानिंग आ गवर्नेंस के क्षेत्र में काम करे खाती जानल जालें; सिनेकिज्म (Synekism) आ पोस्टमेट्रोपुलीस (Postmetropolis) नियर शब्द देवे वाला; <i>वूत्रिन लुद प्राइज</i> के बिजेता।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="एम एफ गुडचाइल्ड (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">एम एफ गुडचाइल्ड</a> (जनम 1944) — <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="भूगोलीय सूचना प्रणाली">भूगोलीय सूचना प्रणाली</a> (जीआइएस) के शुरूआती बिद्वान।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="डूरीन मैसी (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">डूरीन मैसी</a> (1944-2016) - स्पेस, जगह आ ग्लोबलाइजेशन के अध्ययन करे वाला; <i>वूत्रिन लुद प्राइज</i> बिजेत।</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="निगेल थ्रिफ्ट (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">निगेल थ्रिफ्ट</a> (जनम 1949) — नॉन-रिप्रेजेंटेशनल थियरी देवे वाला।</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="संस्था_आ_इंस्टीच्यूट"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.82.E0.A4.B8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A5.E0.A4.BE_.E0.A4.86_.E0.A4.87.E0.A4.82.E0.A4.B8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.9F.E0.A5.80.E0.A4.9A.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AF.E0.A5.82.E0.A4.9F"></span>संस्था आ इंस्टीच्यूट</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&section=11" title="संस्था आ इंस्टीच्यूट खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>अमेरिकन ज्याग्रफिकल सोसाइटी</i></li> <li><i>रॉयल ज्याग्रफिकल सोसाइटी</i>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8" title="लंदन">लंदन</a></li> <li><i>अमेरिकन एसोसिएशन ऑफ ज्याग्रफर्स</i> (AAG)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="प्रकाशन"><span id=".E0.A4.AA.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B6.E0.A4.A8"></span>प्रकाशन</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&section=12" title="प्रकाशन खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>ज्याग्रफिकल रिव्यू</i></li> <li><i>एनाल्स</i></li> <li><i>प्रोफेशनल ज्याग्रफर</i></li> <li><i>ट्रांजेक्शंस</i></li> <li><i>एंटीपोड</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="इहो_देखल_जाय"><span id=".E0.A4.87.E0.A4.B9.E0.A5.8B_.E0.A4.A6.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.96.E0.A4.B2_.E0.A4.9C.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.AF"></span>इहो देखल जाय</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&section=13" title="इहो देखल जाय खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="पर्यावरण">पर्यावरण</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8A_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="टिकाऊ विकास">टिकाऊ विकास</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="संदर्भ"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.82.E0.A4.A6.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AD"></span>संदर्भ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&section=14" title="संदर्भ खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r750784">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r774431">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFPattison1990" class="citation journal cs1">Pattison, W.D. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~kclarke/G200B/four_20traditions_20of_20geography.pdf">"The Four Traditions of Geography"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Geography</i>. <b>89</b> (5): 202–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00221349008979196">10.1080/00221349008979196</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-1341">0022-1341</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geography&rft.atitle=The+Four+Traditions+of+Geography&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=202-6&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00221349008979196&rft.issn=0022-1341&rft.aulast=Pattison&rft.aufirst=W.D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geog.ucsb.edu%2F~kclarke%2FG200B%2Ffour_20traditions_20of_20geography.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" class="Z3988"></span> Reprint of a 1964 article.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r774431"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/1b.html">"1(b). Elements of Geography"</a>. Physicalgeography.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1%28b%29.+Elements+of+Geography&rft.pub=Physicalgeography.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physicalgeography.net%2Ffundamentals%2F1b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bonnett, Alastair <i>What is Geography?</i> London, Sage, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r774431"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=geography">"Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. Etymonline.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 1 जून 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.pub=Etymonline.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dgeography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r774431"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/geography">"Geography | Definition of Geography by Merriam-Webster"</a>. Merriam-webster.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geography+%26%23124%3B+Definition+of+Geography+by+Merriam-Webster&rft.pub=Merriam-webster.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fgeography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hayes-Bohanan-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hayes-Bohanan_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hayes-Bohanan_6-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r774431"><cite id="CITEREFHayes-Bohanan" class="citation book cs1">Hayes-Bohanan, James. <i>What is Environmental Geography, Anyway? October 9, 2006</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+is+Environmental+Geography%2C+Anyway%3F+October+9%2C+2006&rft.aulast=Hayes-Bohanan&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r774431"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>An introduction to Settlement Geography</i>. Cambridge university press. 1990.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+Settlement+Geography&rft.pub=Cambridge+university+press&rft.date=1990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r774431"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061006152742/http://www.aag.org/Careers/What_is_geog.html">"What is geography?"</a>. <i>AAG Career Guide: Jobs in Geography and related Geographical Sciences</i>. Association of American Geographers. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aag.org/Careers/What_is_geog.html">the original</a> on October 6, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved अक्टूबर 9, 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AAG+Career+Guide%3A+Jobs+in+Geography+and+related+Geographical+Sciences&rft.atitle=What+is+geography%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aag.org%2FCareers%2FWhat_is_geog.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">William M. Marsh, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.in/books?id=OEMknwEACAAJ&dq=environmental+geography&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-n_gU6b9Ccfn8AWW8ILIDw&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBQ">Environmental Geography: Science, Land Use, and Earth Systems</a>, John Wiley, 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">सविन्द्र सिंह,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.in/books?id=m9pKAAAAYAAJ&q=environmental+geography&dq=environmental+geography&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-n_gU6b9Ccfn8AWW8ILIDw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ">पर्यावरण भूगोल</a>, प्रयाग पुस्तक भवन, इलाहाबाद, प॰ iii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Noel Castree, David Demeritt, Diana Liverman, Bruce Rhoads; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.in/books/about/A_Companion_to_Environmental_Geography.html?id=tvOGJd5BfcsC">A Companion to Environmental Geography</a>, John Wiley & Sons, (Google eBook)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r774431"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson,_A.H.1953" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, A.H. (1953). <i>Elements of Cartography</i>. New York: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:BookSources/0-471-72805-5" title="विशेष:BookSources/0-471-72805-5"><bdi>0-471-72805-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elements+of+Cartography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1953&rft.isbn=0-471-72805-5&rft.au=Robinson%2C+A.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, C.J., May, A. and Mitchell, V. (2013), “The role of VGI and PGI in supporting outdoor activities”, Applied Ergonomics, Vol. 44 No. 6, pp. 886–94.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="भूगोल_के_बिसय_क्षेत्र" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-देखीं"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Geography_topics" title="टेम्पलेट:Geography topics"><abbr title="ई टेम्पलेट देखीं" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">दे</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-वार्ता"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Geography_topics" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="जनसंख्या बिज्ञान (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">जनसंख्या बिज्ञान</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="बिकास भूगोल">बिकास</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="आर्थिक भूगोल">आर्थिक</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="औरतवादी भूगोल (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">औरतवादी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="सेहत भूगोल (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">सेहत</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ऐतिहासिक भूगोल (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">ऐतिहासिक</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="राजनीतिक भूगोल">राजनीतिक</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="प्रादेशिक भूगोल">प्रादेशिक</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="शहरी भूगोल">शहरी</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="भौतिक भूगोल">भौतिक</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="जैव भूगोल">जैव भूगोल</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जलवायु बिज्ञान">जलवायु बिज्ञान</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="तटीय भूगोल">तटीय</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="भूमापन (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">भूमापन</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूआकृति 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href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="पर्यावरण भूगोल">पर्यावरण भूगोल</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE#भूगोल_के_तत्व" title="भूगोल के रूपरेखा">टेकनीक आ औजार</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="कार्टोग्राफी">कार्टोग्राफी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8" title="जीआइएस">जीआइएस</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="भूसांख्यिकी (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">भूसांख्यिकी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ग्लोबल नैविगेशन सैटेलाईट सिस्टम (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">ग्लोबल नैविगेशन सैटेलाईट सिस्टम</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="रिमोट सेंसिंग">रिमोट सेंसिंग</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="क्षेत्रीय बिस्लेसण (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">क्षेत्रीय बिस्लेसण</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="क्षेत्रीय बिज्ञान (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">क्षेत्रीय बिज्ञान</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="गुणात्मक रिसर्च (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">गुणात्मक रिसर्च</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">सोसायटी</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="अमेरिकन भूगोलीय सोसायटी (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">अमेरिकन भूगोलीय सोसायटी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="एसोशिएशन ऑफ अमेरिकन ज्याग्रफर्स (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">एसोशिएशन ऑफ अमेरिकन ज्याग्रफर्स</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="रॉयल ज्याग्रफिकल सोसायटी (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">रॉयल ज्याग्रफिकल सोसायटी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="इंडियन इन्स्टीट्यूट ऑफ ज्याग्रफर्स (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">इंडियन इन्स्टीट्यूट ऑफ ज्याग्रफर्स</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8,_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="नेशनल एसोसिएशन ऑफ ज्याग्रफर्स, इंडिया (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">नेशनल एसोसिएशन ऑफ ज्याग्रफर्स, इंडिया</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE#प्रमुख_भूगोलवेत्ता" title="भूगोल के रूपरेखा">भूगोलवेत्ता</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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