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MacKenzie]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jhsph.edu/faculty/directory/profile/439/ellen-j-mackenzie | title=Ellen J. MacKenzie, PhD | website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health | access-date=15 October 2018 }}</ref> | city = [[Baltimore]] | state = [[Maryland]] | country = U.S. | students = 3,639<ref name="JHSPHinfo1">{{cite web|url=http://www.jhsph.edu/school_at_a_glance/index.html|title=The School at a Glance}}</ref> | faculty = 875 primary, 833 affiliated<ref name="JHSPHinfo1"/> | campus = [[urban area|Urban]] | website = {{official url}} | endowment = [[United States dollar|US $]]632 [[1000000 (number)|million]] (2022)<ref name="JHSPHinfo1"/> }} The '''Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health''' is the [[public health]] [[graduate school]] of [[Johns Hopkins University]], a [[private university|private]] [[research university]] primarily based in [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]]. Founded as the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health in 1916, the Bloomberg School is the oldest and largest school of public health in the United States.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=Marian Moser |date=2019 |title=How Hopkins Bloomberg Became a Public Health Powerhouse |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6611118/ |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=109 |issue=8 |pages=1064–1065 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2019.305174 |issn=0090-0036 |pmc=6611118}}</ref> As of 2024, it claims 16% of all grants and contracts awarded to the 60 accredited schools of public health in the United States, and offers twenty-eight graduate degree programs across ten departments, included nine [[Master's degree|master's]] programs, two [[Doctorate|doctoral]] programs, and seventeen combined/dual degree programs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=At a Glance {{!}} Johns Hopkins {{!}} Bloomberg School of Public Health |url=https://publichealth.jhu.edu/about/at-a-glance |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=publichealth.jhu.edu |language=en}}</ref> The Bloomberg School is located on the Johns Hopkins medical campus in [[East Baltimore]], adjacent to the [[Johns Hopkins School of Medicine]], the [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]], and the [[Johns Hopkins School of Nursing|School of Nursing]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Directions and Maps {{!}} Johns Hopkins {{!}} Bloomberg School of Public Health |url=https://publichealth.jhu.edu/about/our-campus/directions-and-maps |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=publichealth.jhu.edu |language=en}}</ref> ==History== In 1913, the [[Rockefeller Foundation]] sponsored a conference on the need for public [[health education]] in the United States. Foundation officials were convinced that a new profession of public health was needed. It would be allied to medicine but also distinct, with its own identity and educational institutions.<ref name="Gebbie_228">{{harvp|Gebbie|Rosenstock|Hernandez|2003|p=228}}</ref> The result of deliberations between public health leaders and foundation officials was the Welch–Rose Report of 1915, which laid out the need for adequately trained public [[health workers]], and envisioned an "institute of hygiene" for the United States.<ref name="Gebbie_229">{{harvp|Gebbie|Rosenstock|Hernandez|2003|p=229}}</ref> The report reflected the different preferences of the plan's two architects—[[William Henry Welch]] favored [[scientific research]], whereas [[Wickliffe Rose]] wanted an emphasis on public [[Health science|health practice]].<ref name="Gebbie_228"/> In June 1916, the executive committee of the Rockefeller Foundation approved the plan to organize an institute or school of public health at [[Johns Hopkins University]] in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The institute was named the School of Hygiene and Public Health, indicating a compromise between those who wanted the practical public health training on the British model and those who favored basic scientific research on the German model.<ref name="Gebbie_229"/> Welch, the first dean of the [[Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine|Johns Hopkins School of Medicine]], also became the founding dean of the first school of public health in the United States. The facility is located on the former Maryland Hospital site founded in 1797. The Maryland Hospital was originally built as a hospital to care for [[Yellow Fever]] for the indigent away from the city. In 1840, the hospital expanded to exclusively care for the mentally ill. In 1873, the buildings were torn down as the facility relocated to a new site as the [[Spring Grove Hospital Center]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Maryland History in Prints|first=Laura|last=Rice|page=122|year=2002}}</ref> On April 20, 2001, the school was renamed the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in honor of businessman and Hopkins alumnus [[Michael Bloomberg]] for his financial support and commitment to the school and Johns Hopkins University. Bloomberg would later go on to serve two terms as [[Mayor of New York City]] and run a campaign in the [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries]]. The school is also the founder of [[Delta Omega]] (est. 1924), the national honorary society for graduate training in public health.<ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Delta Omega Alpha Chapter? |url=https://www.jhsph.edu/alumni/engage-with-alumni/join-an-association/delta-omega/faqs.html |access-date=15 October 2018 |website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Delta Omega Public Health Honorary Society |url=https://www.jhsph.edu/alumni/engage-with-alumni/join-an-association/delta-omega/index.html |access-date=15 October 2018 |website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health}}</ref> ===Leaders=== The official title of the head of the school has changed periodically between [[Director (education)|director]] and [[Dean (education)|dean]] throughout the years.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/bloombergrecords.html | title=The Institutional Records of The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health | website=Medical Archives | access-date=15 October 2018 }}</ref> Originally the title was director. In 1931, it was changed to dean and in 1946 back to director. In 1958, the title again became dean. The directors and deans of the Bloomberg School include: # [[William H. Welch]] (1916–1927) # [[William Henry Howell]] (1927–1931) # [[Wade Hampton Frost]] (1931–1934) # [[Allen W. Freeman]] (1934–1937) # [[Lowell Reed]] (1937–1947) # [[Ernest L. Stebbins]] (1947–1967) # [[John C. Hume]] (1967–1977) # [[Donald A. Henderson]] (1977–1990) # [[Alfred Sommer]] (1990–2005) # [[Michael J. Klag]] (2005–2017) # [[Ellen J. MacKenzie]] (2017–present) ==Reputation and ranking== The Bloomberg School is the largest school of public health in the world, with 875 primary and 833 affiliated faculty, and 3,639 students from 97 countries.<ref name="JHSPHinfo2">{{cite web|url=http://www.asph.org/document.cfm?page=203&school_Id=12|title=Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH) Profile|access-date=June 16, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320220559/http://www.asph.org/document.cfm?page=203&school_Id=12|archive-date=March 20, 2013|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> It is home to over 80 research centers and institutes with research ongoing in the U.S. and more than 60 countries worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://faculty.jhsph.edu/map/|title=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Research Map|access-date=June 17, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615171218/http://faculty.jhsph.edu/map/|archive-date=June 15, 2009|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Since the ''[[U.S. News & World Report|U.S News and World Report]]'' began ranking school of public health in 1991, the Bloomberg School has consistently been ranked first.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-09 |title=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Again Ranked #1 by Peers in U.S. News & World Report {{!}} Johns Hopkins {{!}} Bloomberg School of Public Health |url=https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2024/johns-hopkins-bloomberg-school-of-public-health-again-ranked-1-by-peers-in-us-news-world-report |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=publichealth.jhu.edu |language=en}}</ref> The school is ranked second for public health in the world by EduRank and Shanghai Rankings, behind the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/gras/2021/RS0402 | title=ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects }}</ref> ==Academic degrees and departments== The school offers [[master's degrees]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://publichealth.jhu.edu/academics/academic-programs/masters-degrees|title=Master's Programs at Bloomberg School of Public Health|website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health|language=en-US|access-date=January 11, 2022}}</ref> [[doctoral degrees]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://publichealth.jhu.edu/academics/academic-programs/doctoral-degrees|title=Doctoral Degrees at Bloomberg School of Public Health|language=en-US|access-date=January 11, 2022}}</ref> [[postdoctoral]] training,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jhsph.edu/academics/postdoctoral-training/ | title=Postdoctoral Training | website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health | access-date=15 October 2018 }}</ref> and [[residency (medicine)|residency]] programs in general [[preventive medicine]] and [[occupational medicine]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jhsph.edu/academics/residency-programs/ | title=Residency Programs | website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health | access-date=15 October 2018 }}</ref> and combined<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.jhsph.edu/academics/academicprograms/combined_programs/ | title=Combined Programs | website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health | access-date=15 October 2018 }}</ref> and certificate training programs in various areas of public health.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.jhsph.edu/academics/certificateprograms/ | title=Certificate Programs | website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health | access-date=15 October 2018 }}</ref> It is composed of 10 academic departments:<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.jhsph.edu/Dept/ | title=Departments | website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health | access-date=15 October 2018 }}</ref> * [[JHSPH Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology|Biochemistry and Molecular Biology]] * [[Biostatistics]] * [[Environmental health|Environmental Health]] and [[Environmental engineering|Engineering]] * [[Epidemiology]]: has the largest overall postdoctoral training program in the School of Public Health.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jhsph.edu/academics/postdoctoral-training/2014-2015%20Postdoc%20count |title=JHSPH - Distribution of Postdoctoral Fellows by Department |access-date=September 10, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906105910/http://www.jhsph.edu/academics/postdoctoral-training/2014-2015%20Postdoc%20count |archive-date=September 6, 2015 }}</ref> Many postdoctoral fellows and predoctoral trainees (master's level and doctoral level degree students) are supported by NIH-funded training programs.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Training Programs|url = http://www.jhsph.edu/departments/epidemiology/training-programs/|website = Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health|access-date = 2015-09-10|first = Spencer|last = Greer}}</ref> Affiliated centers and institutes include George W. Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention and the Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities. * Health, Behavior and Society * [[Health policy and management|Health Policy and Management]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jhsph.edu/departments/health-policy-and-management/ | title=Health Policy and Management | website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health | access-date=15 October 2018 }}</ref> * [[International health|International Health]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jhsph.edu/departments/international-health/ | title=International Health | website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health | access-date=15 October 2018 }}</ref> * [[Mental health|Mental Health]] * Molecular [[Microbiology]] and [[Immunology]] * [[Population health|Population]], Family and [[Sexual and reproductive health|Reproductive Health]] ==Campus== The Bloomberg School of Public Health is located in the East Baltimore campus of the Johns Hopkins University. The campus, collectively known as the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jhmi.edu/|title=The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions}}</ref> (JHMI), is also home to the [[Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine|School of Medicine]] and the [[Johns Hopkins School of Nursing|School of Nursing]] and comprises several city blocks, radiating outwards from the Billings Building of the [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]] with its historic dome. The main building on which the school is located is on North [[Wolfe Street]]; it has nine floors and features an observation area and a fitness center on the top floor. The Bloomberg School also occupies [[Isabel Hampton Robb|Hampton]] House on North Broadway. The school is also serviced by the [[William H. Welch|Welch]] Medical Library, a central resource shared by all the schools of the Medical Campus. The campus includes the [[Lowell Reed]] Residence Hall<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/som/students/life/housing/ | title=Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Housing | website=Johns Hopkins Medicine | access-date=15 October 2018 }}</ref> and the [[Denton Cooley]] Recreational Center.<ref>[http://www.jhucooleycenter.com JHUcooleycenter.com]</ref> Public transportation to and from the campus is served by the [[Baltimore Metro Subway]], local buses, and the JHMI shuttle.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jhsph.edu/_2015-archive/2012.06.20_redesign_IA_changes/support-services/ParkingandTransportation/shuttle.html | title=JHMI Shuttle Service | website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health | access-date=15 October 2018 }}</ref> ==Notable alumni== Some of the graduates of the Bloomberg School of Public Health include: * Lolade Adeyemi, Nigerian medical doctor<ref>{{Cite web|title=She-EO 6 Stage|url=https://www.sheeo100.com/sheeo-6-stage|access-date=2020-07-08|website=She-EO|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Adepoju|first=Taiwo|title=10:10 #PAW INTERVIEW SERIES: WOMEN WITH A DIFFERENCE WITH OLOLADE ADEYEMI|url=https://www.pawafrica.com/2015/08/1010-paw-interview-series-women-with_18/|access-date=2020-07-08|website=Phenomenal African Woman|language=en-US}}</ref> * Miriam Alexander: President of the [[American College of Preventive Medicine]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.acpm.org/events/EventDetails.aspx?id=352712 | title=CHIT Chat webinar: What is Preventive Medicine? | date=9 December 2013 | website=American College of Preventive Medicine | access-date=15 October 2018 }}</ref> * [[Virginia Apgar]]: ''[[Apgar test]]'', [[Anesthesiology]], [[Teratology]], founder of the field of [[neonatology]] * [[Anna Baetjer]]: Physiologist known for her work on the carcinogenic effects of Chromium<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.jhsph.edu/about/history/heroes-of-public-health/anna-m-baetjer.html | title=Anna M Baetjer, ScD | website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health | access-date=11 December 2018 }}</ref> * [[Abdullah Baqui]]: public health scientist<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jhsph.edu/faculty/directory/profile/36/abdullah-baqui |title=Abdullah Baqui, MBBS |website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health |access-date=2017-06-14}}</ref> * [[Leroy Edgar Burney]]: 8th [[Surgeon General of the United States]], first to publicly identify cigarette smoke as a cause of lung cancer * [[Chen Chien-jen|Dr. Chen Chien-jen]] – [[Vice President]] of [[Taiwan]] (2016–); former Minister of Health, VP and [[Academician]] of national academic institute ([[Academia Sinica]]) * [[J. Jarrett Clinton]]: Acting [[Surgeon General of the United States]] * António Correia de Campos: [[Member of the European Parliament]] since 2009; [[Health Minister]] of [[Portugal]] 2001–2002, 2005–2008 * [[George W. Comstock]]: [[Epidemiologist]], Pioneer of [[tuberculosis]] control and treatment * [[Deborah J. Cotton]]: Emerita Professor of Medicine at the [[Boston University School of Medicine]] * [[Mary Croughan]]: epidemiologist and provost of [[University of California, Davis]] * [[Marcia Cruz-Correa]]: physician-scientist and gastroenterologist, member of the NCI National Cancer Advisory Board<ref name="archives">{{Cite web |date=2011-02-24 |title=President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/02/24/president-obama-announces-more-key-administration-posts |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=whitehouse.gov |language=en}}</ref> * [[Dorland J. Davis]]: 3rd [[National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases]] * [[Donna M. Felling]]: Baltimore County nurse and member of the Maryland House of Delegates<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/011600/011657/html/11657bio.html |title=Donna M. Felling |website=[[Maryland State Archives]] |date=2001-02-27 |access-date=2023-02-25}}</ref> * [[Sanjay Ghose]]: Indian rural development activist who pioneered rural community health and development media initiatives * [[Donald A. Henderson]]: Eradication of [[smallpox]], [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]], former Dean 1977–1990 * [[Alexander Langmuir]]: [[Epidemiologist]], founder of the [[Epidemic Intelligence Service]] * [[Suzanne Maman]]: HIV/AIDS researcher * [[Antonia Novello]]: 14th [[Surgeon General of the United States]] * [[Peter Pronovost]]: [[Intensive care]] checklist protocol, [[Time 100|Time 100 (2008)]], [[MacArthur Fellow]] * [[Debbie Ricker]]: reproductive biologist and academic administrator * [[Martha E. Rogers]]: Major figure in [[nursing theory]], created the [[Science of Unitary Human Beings]] * [[Bernard Roizman]]: [[Virologist]], world's foremost expert on the [[Herpes Simplex Virus]] * [[Linda Rosenstock]]: Dean of the [[University of California, Los Angeles School of Public Health]] * [[Dorry Segev]], Israeli-born Marjory K. and Thomas Pozefsky Professor of Surgery at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Professor of Epidemiology at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Associate Vice Chair of the Department of Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital * [[Richard David Semba]], W. Richard Green Professor of Ophthalmology at the [[Johns Hopkins School of Medicine]] * [[Susan G. Sherman]], epidemiologist and Bloomberg Professor of American Health in the Department of Health, Behavior and Society at [[Johns Hopkins University]]. * [[Alfred Sommer]]: [[Nutrition]], Discovered efficacy of [[Vitamin A]] in reducing child mortality, former Dean 1990–2005 * [[Paul B. Spiegel]]: Humanitarian health leader * [[Andrew Spielman]]: Major figure in the modern history of public health [[entomology]] & [[Vector (epidemiology)|vector-borne diseases]] * [[John Travis (physician)|John Travis]]: Pioneer in the Wellness movement * [[Xiaobin Wang]]: molecular epidemiologist * [[Miriam Were]]: African [[health advocacy|health advocate]], recipient of the [[Légion d'honneur]] & the [[Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize]] * [[Melinda Wharton]]: Epidemiologist at the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] == Publications == * ''[[American Journal of Epidemiology]]'' * ''[[Epidemiologic Reviews]]'' * ''[[Progress in Community Health Partnerships|Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action (PCHP)]]'' * ''[[Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved]]'' * ''[[Hopkins Bloomberg Public Health Magazine]]'' ==References== {{Reflist}} ===Bibliography=== {{Refbegin}} *{{cite book |editor1-last=Gebbie |editor1-first=Kristine |editor2-last=Rosenstock |editor2-first=Linda |editor3-last=Hernandez |editor3-first=Lyla M. |year=2003 |title=Who will keep the public healthy?: Educating public health professionals for the 21st century |location=Washington, DC |publisher=[[National Academies Press]] |isbn=0-309-08542-X |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/whowillkeeppubli00gebb }} {{Refend}} ==External links== *[http://www.jhsph.edu Official website] {{JHU}} {{Johns Hopkins Health System}} {{Public health}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|39.29785|-76.590757|type:edu_globe:earth_region:US-MD|display=title}} [[Category:Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health]] [[Category:Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions]] [[Category:Middle East, Baltimore]] [[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1916]] [[Category:Academic health science centres]] [[Category:1916 establishments in Maryland]] [[Category:Schools of public health in the United States]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div 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