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id="toc-Distinctive_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distinctive_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Distinctive features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distinctive_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Art and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Observatories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observatories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Observatories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Observatories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86" title="توموهون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توموهون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Tomohon" title="Kota Tomohon – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kota Tomohon" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomohon_Chh%C4%AB" title="Tomohon Chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tomohon Chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomohon_(kapital_sa_distrito_sa_Indonesya)" title="Tomohon (kapital sa distrito sa Indonesya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tomohon (kapital sa distrito sa Indonesya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomohon" title="Tomohon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tomohon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomohon" title="Tomohon – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tomohon" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1)" title="توموهون (شهر) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توموهون (شهر)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomohon" title="Tomohon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tomohon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Tomohon" title="Kota Tomohon – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Kota Tomohon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Tomohon" title="Kota Tomohon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kota Tomohon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomohon" title="Tomohon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tomohon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha_Tomohon" title="Kutha Tomohon – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kutha Tomohon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Tomohon" title="Kota Tomohon – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kota Tomohon" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BB" title="ടൊമോഹോൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടൊമോഹോൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomohon" title="Tomohon – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tomohon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomohon" title="Tomohon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tomohon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomohon" title="Tomohon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tomohon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomohon" title="Tomohon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tomohon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D2%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Томоһон – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Томоһон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomohon" title="Tomohon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tomohon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%DB%81%D9%88%D9%86" title="توموہون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="توموہون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E8%8E%AB%E6%B4%AA" title="托莫洪 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="托莫洪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Tomohon" title="Kota Tomohon – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kota Tomohon" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15848#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tomohon&params=1_19_30_N_124_50_20_E_region:ID_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">1°19′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">124°50′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1.32500°N 124.83889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">1.32500; 124.83889</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Sulawesi, Indonesia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Tomohon</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regencies_and_cities_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regencies and cities of Indonesia">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">City of Tomohon<br /><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Kota Tomohon</span></i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pagoda_-_panoramio_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pagoda in Tomohon"><img alt="Pagoda in Tomohon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Pagoda_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/250px-Pagoda_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Pagoda_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/375px-Pagoda_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Pagoda_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/500px-Pagoda_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">Pagoda</a> in Tomohon</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lambang_Kota_Tomohon.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Tomohon"><img alt="Coat of arms of Tomohon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lambang_Kota_Tomohon.png/100px-Lambang_Kota_Tomohon.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lambang_Kota_Tomohon.png/150px-Lambang_Kota_Tomohon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lambang_Kota_Tomohon.png/200px-Lambang_Kota_Tomohon.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="296" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lokasi_Sulawesi_Utara_Kota_Tomohon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location within North Sulawesi"><img alt="Location within North Sulawesi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lokasi_Sulawesi_Utara_Kota_Tomohon.svg/250px-Lokasi_Sulawesi_Utara_Kota_Tomohon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lokasi_Sulawesi_Utara_Kota_Tomohon.svg/375px-Lokasi_Sulawesi_Utara_Kota_Tomohon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lokasi_Sulawesi_Utara_Kota_Tomohon.svg/500px-Lokasi_Sulawesi_Utara_Kota_Tomohon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1773" data-file-height="1185" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location within <a href="/wiki/North_Sulawesi" title="North Sulawesi">North Sulawesi</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">OpenStreetMap</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="8" data-overlays="["_c2d686a752466fdb82c9cb50f86999499a9c9135"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Tomohon&revid=1248386833&groups=_c2d686a752466fdb82c9cb50f86999499a9c9135" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Tomohon&revid=1248386833&groups=_c2d686a752466fdb82c9cb50f86999499a9c9135 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sulawesi_location_map_plain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomohon is located in Sulawesi"><img alt="Tomohon is located in Sulawesi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sulawesi_location_map_plain.svg/250px-Sulawesi_location_map_plain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sulawesi_location_map_plain.svg/375px-Sulawesi_location_map_plain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sulawesi_location_map_plain.svg/500px-Sulawesi_location_map_plain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="938" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.182%;left:73.751%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tomohon"><img alt="Tomohon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Tomohon</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Sulawesi</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indonesia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomohon is located in Indonesia"><img alt="Tomohon is located in Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Indonesia_location_map.svg/250px-Indonesia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Indonesia_location_map.svg/375px-Indonesia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Indonesia_location_map.svg/500px-Indonesia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="460" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.75%;left:64.551%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tomohon"><img alt="Tomohon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Tomohon</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Tomohon (Indonesia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Indonesia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tomohon&params=1_19_30_N_124_50_20_E_region:ID_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">1°19′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">124°50′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1.32500°N 124.83889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">1.32500; 124.83889</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries of the world">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Indonesia" title="Regions of Indonesia">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_North_Sulawesi.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Sulawesi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_North_Sulawesi.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Sulawesi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_North_Sulawesi.svg/43px-Flag_of_North_Sulawesi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1050" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Sulawesi" title="North Sulawesi">North Sulawesi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">25 February 2003</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inauguration</th><td class="infobox-data">4 August 2003</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Caroll Senduk</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">169.10 km<sup>2</sup> (65.29 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(mid 2023 estimate)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">103,072</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">610/km<sup>2</sup> (1,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> </th><td class="infobox-data"><sup id="cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Indonesia" title="Time in Indonesia">Indonesia Central Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Indonesia" title="Postal codes in Indonesia">Postcodes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">954xx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Indonesia" title="Telephone numbers in Indonesia">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(+62) 431</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Indonesia" title="Vehicle registration plates of Indonesia">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">DB</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tomohon.go.id/">tomohon.go.id</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tomohon</b> is a city in <a href="/wiki/North_Sulawesi" title="North Sulawesi">North Sulawesi</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi_Utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulawesi Utara">Sulawesi Utara</a></i>) Province, in central <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. It covers an area of 147.21 km<sup>2</sup>, and had a population of 91,553 at the 2010 Census,<sup id="cite_ref-Biro_Pusat_Statistik_2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biro_Pusat_Statistik_2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rising to 100,587 at the 2020 Census.<sup id="cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official estimate as at mid 2023 was 103,072 (comprising 52,006 males and 51,066 females).<sup id="cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tomohon was formerly a part of the <a href="/wiki/Minahasa_Regency" title="Minahasa Regency">Minahasa Regency</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Sulawesi" title="North Sulawesi">North Sulawesi</a>, but it officially became a city separated from the Regency, inaugurated on 4 August 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-antara1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-antara1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tomohon is known for flower planting at people's homes. Nearby is the volcano <i>Gunung Lokon</i> or <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lokon" title="Mount Lokon">Mount Lokon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Empung" title="Mount Empung">Mount Empung</a>. Tomohon is also known for wooden-house production, palm-sugar (<i>aren</i> ) production, vegetable agriculture, as a center of Christian Ministry, and as a student town.<sup id="cite_ref-antara1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-antara1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_stadsgezicht_van_Tomohon_van_bovenaf_gezien_TMnr_60014273.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_stadsgezicht_van_Tomohon_van_bovenaf_gezien_TMnr_60014273.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_stadsgezicht_van_Tomohon_van_bovenaf_gezien_TMnr_60014273.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_stadsgezicht_van_Tomohon_van_bovenaf_gezien_TMnr_60014273.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_stadsgezicht_van_Tomohon_van_bovenaf_gezien_TMnr_60014273.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_stadsgezicht_van_Tomohon_van_bovenaf_gezien_TMnr_60014273.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_stadsgezicht_van_Tomohon_van_bovenaf_gezien_TMnr_60014273.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>Cityscape of Tomohon in 1924</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kerk_te_Tomohon._TMnr_60008323.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kerk_te_Tomohon._TMnr_60008323.jpg/250px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kerk_te_Tomohon._TMnr_60008323.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kerk_te_Tomohon._TMnr_60008323.jpg/375px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kerk_te_Tomohon._TMnr_60008323.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kerk_te_Tomohon._TMnr_60008323.jpg/500px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kerk_te_Tomohon._TMnr_60008323.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>Tomohon highway in 1900-1920</figcaption></figure> <p>Tomohon has been written of in several historical records. One of them was found in the ethnographic works of Reverend Nicolaas Graafland, written on 14 January 1864. He described a heart-capturing country on the Minahasa highland in Northern Celebes (<i>Sulawesi</i>) called Tomohon that he had visited in 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-graafland_144_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-graafland_144-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The development of civilization and the dynamics of development and social implementation from year to year made Tomohon one of the capital districts in the Minahasa regency.<sup id="cite_ref-graafland_146-147_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-graafland_146-147-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the beginning, Tomohon was a district of the Toumbulu people located in northwestern Minahasa, which consists of Talete, Kamasi, Paslaten, Kolongan, and Matani.<sup id="cite_ref-graafland_147_and_200_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-graafland_147_and_200-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1880, the Sarongsong district was united into Tomohon, and Kakaskasen district was combined in 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-lundström-burghoorn_61_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lundström-burghoorn_61-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1927, Tomohon was integrated into <a href="/wiki/Manado" title="Manado">Manado</a> as a district, and in 1935, Tombariri district was combined with Tomohon district under Manado. In 1945, Tomohon was separated from Manado and again became the Tomohon district with two subdistrict: Tomohon and Tombariri. During the <i><a href="/wiki/Permesta" title="Permesta">Permesta</a></i> between March 1956 and October 1961, some of the Tombariri was combined with Tomohon. In 1974–2003, Tomohon was a <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of Indonesia">district</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Minahasa_Regency" title="Minahasa Regency">Minahasa Regency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lundström-burghoorn_61_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lundström-burghoorn_61-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kojongian_20-26_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kojongian_20-26-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early decades of the 2000s, people in some parts of the Minahasa regency bore inspiration and aspirations of the strategic environmental trends both internally and externally for regional expansion. Efforts at reformation and the implementation of regional autonomy had been accelerating the process of accommodation people's aspirations for the expansion of the region. Through a long legal process and mature consideration in order to accelerate national development for the welfare of society, then the Minahasa regency government along with the Regional Representatives Council (<i>Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah</i> - <i>DPRD</i>) of Minahasa Regency recommended the aspirations for the establishment of South Minahasa Regency, Tomohon and North Minahasa Regency; which was also supported by The Provincial Government of North Sulawesi. The formation of South Minahasa Regency and Tomohon was established by the Central Government by issuing the Act No. 10 of 2003 and the establishment of the North Minahasa Regency through Act No. 33 of 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The establishment of the legislative institution of Tomohon came as election results of 2004, resulting in Tomohon Regional Regulation Number 22 Year 2005 about Regional Symbol and Regulations of Tomohon and No. 29 of 2005 about the Anniversary of Tomohon. Tomohon inaugurated the Minister of Home Affairs <i>Hari Sabarno</i> on behalf of the President of the Republic of Indonesia on 4 August 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Save_our_earth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Save_our_earth.jpg/220px-Save_our_earth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Save_our_earth.jpg/330px-Save_our_earth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Save_our_earth.jpg/440px-Save_our_earth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a><figcaption>Natural scenery in Tomohon</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gunung_Lokon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gunung_Lokon.jpg/220px-Gunung_Lokon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gunung_Lokon.jpg/330px-Gunung_Lokon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gunung_Lokon.jpg/440px-Gunung_Lokon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Mt. Lokon</figcaption></figure> <p>Tomohon is located at 1°15' North and 124°50' East. Tomohon, formed by Law No. 10 of 2003) is 14,721 hectares (36,380 acres) in area, with a population of 100,587 inhabitants at the 2020 Census.<sup id="cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, Tomohon is located on the main circulation route connecting Manado as the provincial capital and other cities in North Sulawesi. Tomohon is surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Minahasa_Regency" title="Minahasa Regency">Minahasa Regency</a>, with the borders of the area are:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>North: Pineleng and Tombulu District, <a href="/wiki/Minahasa_Regency" title="Minahasa Regency">Minahasa Regency</a></li> <li>South: Remboken and Sonder District, <a href="/wiki/Minahasa_Regency" title="Minahasa Regency">Minahasa Regency</a></li> <li>West: Tombariri District, <a href="/wiki/Minahasa_Regency" title="Minahasa Regency">Minahasa Regency</a></li> <li>East: Tombulu and West Tondano District, <a href="/wiki/Minahasa_Regency" title="Minahasa Regency">Minahasa Regency</a></li></ul> <p>The geography of Tomohon is located in the Asian portion of the Pacific <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a>, flanked by two active volcanoes, those are Mount Lokon (1,689 m or 5,541 ft) and Mount Mahawu (1,311 m or 4,301 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area is mostly made of young volcanic rock, with a composition of andesitic and basaltic tuff, and is of a brittle nature and easily eroded.<sup id="cite_ref-soejono_254_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soejono_254-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The material component of the volcanic eruption with a cool temperature increase the fertile soil, and for the people taking advantage to produces fruits, vegetables, and flowers.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the southern, there's a <a href="/wiki/Lake_Linow" title="Lake Linow">Lake Linow</a>, a naturally formed crater from volcanic eruption. Around the lake, there are various geothermal manifestation such as hot springs, fumarole, and also mud pool.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tomohon has a cooler temperature than <a href="/wiki/Manado" title="Manado">Manado</a> (Tomohon's neighbor city) which is at a lower land nearby the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-soejono_253_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soejono_253-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tomohon is situated at an altitude of about 700–1,000 metres (2,300–3,300 ft) above sea level (asl), Temperatures in Tomohon in the daytime are between 17–30 °C (63–86 °F) and 16–24 °C (61–75 °F) at night. Tomohon has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>Af</i>), with a significant amount of rainfall during the year even for the driest month.<sup id="cite_ref-climate_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Tomohon, Indonesia </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #007F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">257<br />(10.1) </td> <td style="background: #00A400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">211<br />(8.3) </td> <td style="background: #00BD00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">215<br />(8.5) </td> <td style="background: #00A900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">221<br />(8.7) </td> <td style="background: #008900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">250<br />(9.8) </td> <td style="background: #00F000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">175<br />(6.9) </td> <td style="background: #4AFF4A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">121<br />(4.8) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #4AFF4A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #00F100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180<br />(7.1) </td> <td style="background: #008A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">241<br />(9.5) </td> <td style="background: #009000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">245<br />(9.6) </td> <td style="background: #00D800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,324<br />(91.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000A9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">89 </td> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000DC; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Climate-Data.org<sup id="cite_ref-climate_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <i>Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Tomohon</i> (humidity only)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city area based on the Village Potential Data 2014 was formerly calaculated as being 147.21 km<sup>2</sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is now officially measured at 169.1 km<sup>2</sup>. The city administration is divided into 5 <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Indonesia" title="Districts of Indonesia">districts</a> (<i>kecamatan</i>) and subdivided into 44 <a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Indonesia" title="Villages of Indonesia">urban villages</a> (<i>kelurahan</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mayor (walikota) leads the city administration. The first mayor of Tomohon was Boy Simon Tangkawarouw. Since 2005, city residents have directly voted for a mayor, and Jefferson SM Rumajar elected as the first definitive mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_districts">Administrative districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Administrative districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is divided into five <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Indonesia" title="Districts of Indonesia">districts</a> (<i>kecamatan</i>) tabulated below with their areas and their areas and their populations as at the 2010 Census<sup id="cite_ref-Biro_Pusat_Statistik_2011_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biro_Pusat_Statistik_2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 2020 Census,<sup id="cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The table also includes the location of the district headquarters, the number of <a href="/wiki/Administrative_village" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative village">administrative villages</a> (all classed as urban <i>kelurahan</i>) in each district, and its postal codes. </p> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Kode <br />Wilayah</th> <th>Name of<br />District<br />(<i>kecamatan</i>)</th> <th>Area<br />in<br /> km<sup>2</sup></th> <th>Pop'n<br />Census<br />2010</th> <th>Pop'n<br />Census<br />2020</th> <th>Pop'n<br />Estimate<br />mid 2023</th> <th>Admin<br />centre</th> <th>No.<br />of<br />villages</th> <th>Post<br />codes </th></tr> <tr> <td>71.73.01</td> <td>Tomohon Selatan <br /> (South Tomohon)</td> <td align="center">34.70</td> <td align="center">21,062</td> <td align="center">24,802</td> <td align="center">25,903</td> <td>Walian</td> <td align="center">12</td> <td>95431-95439 </td></tr> <tr> <td>71.73.02</td> <td>Tomohon Tengah <br /> (Central Tomohon)</td> <td align="center">16.51</td> <td align="center">20,156</td> <td align="center">18,772</td> <td align="center">18,878</td> <td>Talete Dua</td> <td align="center">9</td> <td>95441-95445 </td></tr> <tr> <td>71.73.05</td> <td>Tomohon Timur <br /> (East Tomohon)</td> <td align="center">13.99</td> <td align="center">10,269</td> <td align="center">11,428</td> <td align="center">11,158</td> <td>Paslaten Satu</td> <td align="center">5</td> <td>95446-95449 </td></tr> <tr> <td>71.73.04</td> <td>Tomohom Barat <br /> (West Tomohon)</td> <td align="center">43.84</td> <td align="center">14,160</td> <td align="center">16,941</td> <td align="center">17,479</td> <td>Woloan Satu Utara</td> <td align="center">8</td> <td>95421-95425 </td></tr> <tr> <td>71.73.03</td> <td>Tomohon Utara <br /> (North Tomohon)</td> <td align="center">60.06</td> <td align="center">25,906</td> <td align="center">28,644</td> <td align="center">29,306</td> <td>Kakaskasen</td> <td align="center">10</td> <td>95411-95419 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><i><b>Totals</b></i></td> <td align="center">169.10</td> <td align="center"><i>91,553</i></td> <td align="center"><i>100,587</i></td> <td align="center"><i>102,724</i></td> <td></td> <td align="center"><i>44</i></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Community_based_ecotourism">Community based ecotourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Community based ecotourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In general, Community Based <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">Ecotourism</a> (CBET) is tourism that is managed by the community for the tourist destinations. With general tourism, tourist visits are often marketed and organised by private travel companies and government-protected areas where the bulk of the profits go to the private companies and government enterprises. In contrast, CBET is managed and run by the community itself, management decisions are made by local people and profits directly go to the community. CBET itself, is a part of <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_tourism" title="Sustainable tourism">sustainable tourism</a> development, because it is meets the needs of the present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing the opportunity for the future. It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled, while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems (World Tourism Organisation in Bhoj Raj K Hanal, 2007). In order for community based ecotourism to be successful (sustainable), there are many questions that need to be asked and answered in the planning process through implementation stages. One problem of participatory approaches must be pointed out - what defines “community” and “local” in terms of participation? Communities are not free of conflict, nor they are homogeneous. This fact can complicate any development plans for local communities — communities must agree on representatives for decision-making. According to the Quebec Declaration on ecotourism, ecotourism embraces the principles of sustainable tourism. The following principles distinguish it from the wider concept of sustainable tourism: </p> <ol><li>Contributes actively to the conservation of natural and cultural heritage;</li> <li>Includes local and indigenous communities in its planning, development and operation contributing to their well-being;</li> <li>interprets the natural and cultural heritage of the destination to the visitor; and</li> <li>lends itself better to independent travelers, as well as organizes tours for small sized groups.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distinctive_features">Distinctive features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Distinctive features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several colorful parks in the center of the city with various flowers. The local government of Tomohon City routinely holds an annual flower festival which is able to attract many tourists to come to Tomohon. Other tourism destinations include Lake Linow, <a href="/wiki/Waruga" title="Waruga">waruga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagus</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tinoor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tinoor (page does not exist)">Tinoor</a> waterfall, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doahill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doahill (page does not exist)">Doahill</a>, agritourism in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rurukan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rurukan (page does not exist)">Rurukan</a>, wooden house craft center in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Woloan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Woloan (page does not exist)">Woloan</a>, and amphitheater in Woloan. </p><p>Some other tourism destinations nearby Tomohon City are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunaken_sea_park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bunaken sea park (page does not exist)">Bunaken sea park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tondano" title="Lake Tondano">Lake Tondano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Klabat" title="Mount Klabat">Mount Klabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Soputan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Soputan">Mount Soputan</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kali_Waterfall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kali Waterfall (page does not exist)">Kali Waterfall</a>. The 'Visit Tomohon 2008' campaign promoted tourist visits Tomohon. Some of the agendas on Visit Tomohon 2008 were a cultural and music festival, flower exhibition, photography competition, fashion style, and a seminar on flower cultivation. </p><p>The city contains the Tomohon Extreme Market, a <a href="/wiki/Wet_market" title="Wet market">wet market</a> known for selling exotic animals and wildlife.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The market attracted criticism from celebrities and animal activists in Indonesia and abroad for the sale of dog and cat meat as well as slaughter methods used.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a years-long activist campaign, Tomohon mayor Caroll Senduk signed a law banning dog and cat meat trading at the market in July 2023, and traders at the market agreed not to sell, slaughter, or traffic in dogs and cats.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This market has been described as a "cafeteria for animal pathogens" and a "time bomb", because of the risk of <a href="/wiki/Zoonosis" title="Zoonosis">zoonosis</a>, similar to the early cluster of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> cases traced to the <a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">Huanan Seafood Market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_and_culture">Art and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Art and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tombulu_language" title="Tombulu language">Tombulu language</a> is spoken in and around Kota Tomohon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tomohon has been classified as a medium city (based on the total population) and classified as polis city (based on the level of city development). It is an area that developed into a city that still has the nature of agrarianism. It is called agrarian because most of its inhabitants are farmers by their livelihood. In 2016, Tomohon economic activity ranged on 6.22% with gross domestic local product about 2.6 trillion. The local budget is about 645 billion, which are dynamic and passionate as the stimulus of various large-scale events that generate growth impacts. Life expectancy reached 72.95 years, this shows a good health status indicator with a clean and healthy lifestyle. In the road infrastructure that has been on the asphalt until the year 2015 reached 355.21 kilometers and farm roads that have been built in 2015 along the 3.8 kilometers.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Such tourism attractions in Tomohon are suitable to visit, like the volcanoes <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lokon" title="Mount Lokon">Mount Lokon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Empung" title="Mount Empung">Mount Empung</a>, which were both active volcanoes until now. Also once a year, Tomohon commences a <a href="/wiki/Parade" title="Parade">parade</a> with the Tomohon Flower Festival, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cap_Gomeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cap Gomeh (page does not exist)">Cap Gomeh</a>, which is a <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> ritual also done in the parade. The parade commences from the northern part of Tomohon which is Kakaskasen through the main city road, until the end of the parade, which usually stops at the "Tololiu Statue" at the center of the city. For better tourism atmosphere through Tomohon, using a traditional horse cart or locally called <i>Bendi</i>, <i>Andong</i>, or <i>Delman</i> runs through the city streets and roads. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tomohon itself is usually called "Kota Siswa" which means "City of Students" after then it was changed to "Kota Bunga" meaning "City of Flowers" after upgrading the status of their residence into an autonomous city. Tomohon itself provides <a href="/wiki/School" title="School">schools</a> starting from Kindergarten to University education centres; there are also many educational centres in Tomohon for student and school needs. In May 2017, Tomohon has 327 kindergartens, 68 elementary schools, 24 middle schools, and 10 high schools.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tomohon also has several universities such as: </p> <ul><li>Education and Psychology Faculty, Manado State University, in Tomohon</li> <li>Christian University of Indonesia, Tomohon</li> <li>Sariputra Indonesia Tomohon University</li> <li>Parakletos Theological Seminary</li> <li>St. Luke Academy of Physiotherapy</li> <li>Bethesda Nursing Academy</li> <li>Nursing Academy of Gunung Maria</li> <li>Minaesa Technology Institute</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Observatories">Observatories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Observatories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Located inside the Lokon St. Nikolaus campus, there is a Mount Lokon Observatory (MLO). In the observatory's dome which is five meters in diameter there are a <a href="/wiki/Meade_LX200" title="Meade LX200">Meade LX-200 GPS automatic telescope</a> and a Hunter manual telescope. A special feature of the MLO was that was connected to <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>`s space telescopes.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This observatory established since October 2011, and was inaugurated by the North Sulawesi governor <a href="/wiki/Sinyo_Harry_Sarundajang" title="Sinyo Harry Sarundajang">Sinyo Sarundajang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tomohon has a public transportation called <i><a href="/wiki/Dogcart" title="Dogcart">bendi</a></i>, a traditional horse cart.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public transportation is often used is <i>mikrolet</i>. Tomohon Terminal is a transportation hub in Tomohon city, serves the <i>mikrolet</i> transportation to various places inside and outside the city, and also serve bus transportation to Manado.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dokar_from_Kalibaru,_East_Java,_Indonesia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendi, the horse cart in Tomohon"><img alt="Bendi, the horse cart in Tomohon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Dokar_from_Kalibaru%2C_East_Java%2C_Indonesia.jpg/120px-Dokar_from_Kalibaru%2C_East_Java%2C_Indonesia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Dokar_from_Kalibaru%2C_East_Java%2C_Indonesia.jpg/180px-Dokar_from_Kalibaru%2C_East_Java%2C_Indonesia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Dokar_from_Kalibaru%2C_East_Java%2C_Indonesia.jpg/240px-Dokar_from_Kalibaru%2C_East_Java%2C_Indonesia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1919" data-file-height="1812" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Bendi</i>, the horse cart in Tomohon</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>, Palestine<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Okegawa,_Saitama" title="Okegawa, Saitama">Okegawa</a>, Japan<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, <i>Kota Tomohon Dalam Angka 2024</i> (Katalog-BPS 1102001.7173)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biro_Pusat_Statistik_2011-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biro_Pusat_Statistik_2011_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biro_Pusat_Statistik_2011_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/north-sulawesi/tomohon.html">"Tomohon Tourism"</a>. Indonesia-Tourism.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tomohon+Tourism&rft.pub=Indonesia-Tourism.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indonesia-tourism.com%2Fnorth-sulawesi%2Ftomohon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomohon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-antara1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-antara1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-antara1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/108710/tomohon-continues-to-improve-tourism-infrastructure">"Tomohon continues to improve tourism infrastructure"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Antara_(news_agency)" title="Antara (news agency)">Antara</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tomohon+continues+to+improve+tourism+infrastructure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antaranews.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F108710%2Ftomohon-continues-to-improve-tourism-infrastructure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomohon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://flowerslane.com/tourpackages/daily/tomohon-city-tour.html">"Tomohon City Tour"</a>. Flowers Lane Vacation<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zaman+Boleh+Modern%2C+Tapi+Bendi+Tetap+Eksis+di+Tomohon&rft.date=2016-03-10&rft.aulast=Rantung&rft.aufirst=Chintya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmanado.tribunnews.com%2F2016%2F03%2F10%2Fzaman-boleh-modern-tapi-bendi-tetap-eksis-di-tomohon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomohon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910041143/https://reachandride.com/2016/09/18/pasar-beriman-tomohon-terminal-tomohon/">"Pasar Beriman dan Terminal Tomohon"</a> (in Indonesian). Reach and Ride. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reachandride.com/2016/09/18/pasar-beriman-tomohon-terminal-tomohon/">the original</a> on 2017-09-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pasar+Beriman+dan+Terminal+Tomohon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freachandride.com%2F2016%2F09%2F18%2Fpasar-beriman-tomohon-terminal-tomohon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomohon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cybersulutnews.co.id/tomohon-sister-city-dengan-bethlehem/">"Tomohon Sister City dengan Bethlehem"</a> (in Indonesian). CyberSulutNews.co.id<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tomohon+Sister+City+dengan+Bethlehem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcybersulutnews.co.id%2Ftomohon-sister-city-dengan-bethlehem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomohon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelealu2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pelealu, Recky (19 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beritamanado.com/okegawa-tomohon-bahas-brige-toward-the-sister-city-exchange-project/">"Okegawa-Tomohon Bahas Brige Toward The Sister City Exchange Project"</a> (in Indonesian). PT BMCOM<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Okegawa-Tomohon+Bahas+Brige+Toward+The+Sister+City+Exchange+Project&rft.date=2016-06-19&rft.aulast=Pelealu&rft.aufirst=Recky&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fberitamanado.com%2Fokegawa-tomohon-bahas-brige-toward-the-sister-city-exchange-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomohon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoejono2006" class="citation book cs1">Soejono, R. P. (2006). <i>Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift</i>. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia. p. 618. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-979-262-499-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-979-262-499-1"><bdi>978-979-262-499-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeology%3A+Indonesian+Perspective+%3A+R.P.+Soejono%27s+Festschrift&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=618&rft.pub=Yayasan+Obor+Indonesia&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-979-262-499-1&rft.aulast=Soejono&rft.aufirst=R.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomohon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraafland1867" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Graafland, Nicolaas (1867). <i>De Minahassa: haar verleden en haar tegenwoordige toestand (eene bijdrage tot de taal- en volkenkunde)</i> (in Dutch). Rotterdam: Wyt & Zonen. p. 293.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Minahassa%3A+haar+verleden+en+haar+tegenwoordige+toestand+%28eene+bijdrage+tot+de+taal-+en+volkenkunde%29&rft.place=Rotterdam&rft.pages=293&rft.pub=Wyt+%26+Zonen&rft.date=1867&rft.aulast=Graafland&rft.aufirst=Nicolaas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomohon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLundström-Burghoorn1981" class="citation book cs1">Lundström-Burghoorn, Wil (1981). <i>Minahasa Civilization: A Tradition of Change</i>. Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. p. 260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-917-346-095-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-917-346-095-8"><bdi>978-917-346-095-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minahasa+Civilization%3A+A+Tradition+of+Change&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=Acta+Universitatis+Gothoburgensis&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-917-346-095-8&rft.aulast=Lundstr%C3%B6m-Burghoorn&rft.aufirst=Wil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomohon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKojongian1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kojongian, Adrianus (1986). <i>Riwayatmu Tomohon</i> (in Indonesian). Tomohon: Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riwayatmu+Tomohon&rft.place=Tomohon&rft.pub=Dinas+Pendidikan+dan+Kebudayaan&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Kojongian&rft.aufirst=Adrianus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomohon" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tomohon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tomohon">Tomohon</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tomohon#Q15848" class="extiw" title="voy:Tomohon">Tomohon</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tomohon.go.id/">Official website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regencies_and_cities_of_North_Sulawesi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_Sulawesi" title="Template:North Sulawesi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_Sulawesi" title="Template talk:North Sulawesi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_Sulawesi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North Sulawesi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regencies_and_cities_of_North_Sulawesi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regencies and cities of <a href="/wiki/North_Sulawesi" title="North Sulawesi">North Sulawesi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Capital: <a href="/wiki/Manado" title="Manado">Manado</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align: top"><a href="/wiki/Regency_(Indonesia)" title="Regency (Indonesia)">Regencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;vertical-align: top"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolaang_Mongondow_Regency" title="Bolaang Mongondow Regency">Bolaang Mongondow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bolaang_Mongondow_Regency" title="East Bolaang Mongondow Regency">East Bolaang Mongondow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bolaang_Mongondow_Regency" title="North Bolaang Mongondow Regency">North Bolaang Mongondow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bolaang_Mongondow_Regency" title="South Bolaang Mongondow Regency">South Bolaang Mongondow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minahasa_Regency" title="Minahasa Regency">Minahasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Minahasa_Regency" title="North Minahasa Regency">North Minahasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Minahasa_Regency" title="South Minahasa Regency">South Minahasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Minahasa_Regency" title="Southeast Minahasa Regency">Southeast Minahasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangihe_Islands_Regency" title="Sangihe Islands Regency">Sangihe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitaro_Islands_Regency" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitaro Islands Regency">Sitaro Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talaud_Islands_Regency" title="Talaud Islands Regency">Talaud Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_North_Sulawesi.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of North Sulawesi"><img alt="Seal of North Sulawesi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Sulawesi.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Sulawesi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Sulawesi.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Sulawesi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Sulawesi.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Sulawesi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align: top"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Indonesia" title="City status in Indonesia">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;vertical-align: top"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitung" title="Bitung">Bitung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotamobagu" title="Kotamobagu">Kotamobagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manado" title="Manado">Manado</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tomohon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_regencies_and_cities_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regencies and cities of Indonesia">List of regencies and cities of Indonesia</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15848#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15848#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15848#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/153782575">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjRWRDxfcFKgqpjpXQDv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n97903535">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007547460805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/dfd8c684-7e0a-417b-9edb-6dc1358996dd">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&oldid=1248386833">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tomohon&oldid=1248386833</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tomohon" title="Category:Tomohon">Tomohon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_North_Sulawesi" title="Category:Cities in North Sulawesi">Cities in North Sulawesi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_2003" title="Category:States and territories established in 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