CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Samara - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a4a2f436-23f6-461c-aa73-9386e15d24ff","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Samara","wgTitle":"Samara","wgCurRevisionId":1259237560,"wgRevisionId":1259237560,"wgArticleId":72796,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Articles containing Russian-language text","CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)","CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)","Articles with Russian-language sources (ru)","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map", "Pages using infobox Russian inhabited locality with unknown parameters","Pages with Russian IPA","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from November 2024","Articles needing additional references from May 2020","All articles needing additional references","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011","Pages using interlanguage link with the wikidata parameter","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","Use mdy dates from March 2012","Pages using the Kartographer extension","Samara, Russia","Populated places established in 1586","Populated places on the Volga","Samarsky Uyezd"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Samara","wgRelevantArticleId": 72796,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":53.20277777777778,"lon":50.14083333333333},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q894","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model", "platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.kartographer.staticframe","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Samara_P5171857_2200.jpg/1200px-Samara_P5171857_2200.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Samara_P5171857_2200.jpg/800px-Samara_P5171857_2200.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Samara_P5171857_2200.jpg/640px-Samara_P5171857_2200.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Samara - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Samara rootpage-Samara skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Samara" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Samara" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Samara" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Samara" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Soviet period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Soviet_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Soviet_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Post-Soviet period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Soviet_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_layout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_layout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Urban layout</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_layout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1937_General_plan_–_Greater_Kuybyshev" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1937_General_plan_–_Greater_Kuybyshev"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>1937 General plan – Greater Kuybyshev</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1937_General_plan_–_Greater_Kuybyshev-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_and_municipal_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Administrative and municipal status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duma_of_Samara_Urban_Okrug" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duma_of_Samara_Urban_Okrug"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Duma of Samara Urban Okrug</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Duma_of_Samara_Urban_Okrug-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Duma of Samara Urban Okrug subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Duma_of_Samara_Urban_Okrug-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electoral_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Electoral system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>2020</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alabin_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alabin_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Alabin Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alabin_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Public events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure;_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure;_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Infrastructure; transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure;_transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure; transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure;_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Highways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-River_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#River_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>River transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-River_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Samara</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 120 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-120" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">120 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B0%E1%88%9B%E1%88%A8" title="ሰማረ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሰማረ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="سامارا (روسيا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سامارا (روسيا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Սամարա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սամարա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="سامارا، روسیه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سامارا، روسیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="সামারা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সামারা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara_(L%C5%8D%CD%98-se-a)" title="Samara (Lō͘-se-a) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Samara (Lō͘-se-a)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Һамар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һамар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F)" title="Самара (Расея) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Самара (Расея)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara_(k%C3%AAr)" title="Samara (kêr) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Samara (kêr)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Самар – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Самар" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Samara (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Samara (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B1_(%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Σαμάρα (Ρωσία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαμάρα (Ρωσία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Самар ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Самар ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara_(urbo)" title="Samara (urbo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Samara (urbo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87)" title="سامارا (روسیه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سامارا (روسیه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%88%EB%9D%BC_(%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84)" title="사마라 (러시아) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사마라 (러시아)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Սամարա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սամարա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE,_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="समारा, रूस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="समारा, रूस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%C3%A6" title="Самарæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Самарæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara_(Russia)" title="Samara (Russia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Samara (Russia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%94" title="סמרה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סמרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="სამარა (რუსეთი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სამარა (რუსეთი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara_(Russia)" title="Samara (Russia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Samara (Russia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szamara" title="Szamara – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szamara" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="समारा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="समारा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="სამარა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სამარა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="سمارا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سمارا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="سامارا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سامارا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဆာမာရာမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆာမာရာမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara_(stad)" title="Samara (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Samara (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9" title="サマーラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サマーラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81" title="سامارہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سامارہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="سمارا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سمارا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara_(R%C3%BAssia)" title="Samara (Rússia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Samara (Rússia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara_(Rusia)" title="Samara (Rusia) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Samara (Rusia)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%95%D0%B0" title="Самарҕа – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Самарҕа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara,_Russia" title="Samara, Russia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Samara, Russia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara,_Russia" title="Samara, Russia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Samara, Russia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE" title="சமாரா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சமாரா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Самар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Самар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="ซามารา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซามารา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самара – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Самара" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE)" title="Самара (місто) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Самара (місто)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سمارا، روس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سمارا، روس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samar" title="Samar – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Samar" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89" title="萨马拉 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="萨马拉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89" title="薩馬拉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="薩馬拉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89" title="薩馬拉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="薩馬拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Samara" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q894#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Samara" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Samara"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Samara"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Samara" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Samara" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&oldid=1259237560" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Samara&id=1259237560&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSamara"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSamara"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Samara&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Samara" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q894" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Samara&params=53_12_10_N_50_08_27_E_type:city(1164685)_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°12′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">50°08′27″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.20278°N 50.14083°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.20278; 50.14083</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Samara Oblast, Russia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the city in Iraq, see <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a>. For the city in Western Sahara, see <a href="/wiki/Smara" title="Smara">Smara</a>. For the city in Ethiopia, see <a href="/wiki/Semera" title="Semera">Semera</a>. For the geographic region in the ancient Levant, see <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Samara_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Samara (disambiguation)">Samara (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Samara Oblast, Russia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Samara</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Самара</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">City</a><sup id="cite_ref-OKATO_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OKATO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid white;width:266px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samara_P5171857_2200.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Samara along the Volga"><img alt="View of Samara along the Volga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Samara_P5171857_2200.jpg/266px-Samara_P5171857_2200.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Samara_P5171857_2200.jpg/399px-Samara_P5171857_2200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Samara_P5171857_2200.jpg/532px-Samara_P5171857_2200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samara._Sacred_Heart_Church_P8160494_2200.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sacred Heart Church, Samara"><img alt="Sacred Heart Church, Samara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Samara._Sacred_Heart_Church_P8160494_2200.jpg/132px-Samara._Sacred_Heart_Church_P8160494_2200.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Samara._Sacred_Heart_Church_P8160494_2200.jpg/198px-Samara._Sacred_Heart_Church_P8160494_2200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Samara._Sacred_Heart_Church_P8160494_2200.jpg/264px-Samara._Sacred_Heart_Church_P8160494_2200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="3835" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raketa_Samara.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soyuz launch vehicle monument, Samara"><img alt="Soyuz launch vehicle monument, Samara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Raketa_Samara.jpg/132px-Raketa_Samara.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Raketa_Samara.jpg/198px-Raketa_Samara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Raketa_Samara.jpg/264px-Raketa_Samara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samara_railway_station_road.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samara railway station"><img alt="Samara railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Samara_railway_station_road.jpg/132px-Samara_railway_station_road.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Samara_railway_station_road.jpg/198px-Samara_railway_station_road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Samara_railway_station_road.jpg/264px-Samara_railway_station_road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3734" data-file-height="2441" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samara_Regional_Art_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samara Regional Art Museum.jpg"><img alt="Samara Regional Art Museum.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Samara_Regional_Art_Museum.jpg/132px-Samara_Regional_Art_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Samara_Regional_Art_Museum.jpg/198px-Samara_Regional_Art_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Samara_Regional_Art_Museum.jpg/264px-Samara_Regional_Art_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4740" data-file-height="3160" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><b>Top</b>: View of Samara skyline along the <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> river<br /><b>Middle</b>: <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Church,_Samara" title="Sacred Heart Church, Samara">Sacred Heart Church</a>, Soyuz launch vehicle (left to right)<br /><b>Bottom</b>: Samara Railway Station, Samara Regional Art Museum (left to right)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Samara.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Samara"><img alt="Flag of Samara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Samara.svg/125px-Flag_of_Samara.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Samara.svg/188px-Flag_of_Samara.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Samara.svg/250px-Flag_of_Samara.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Samara_(Samara_oblast).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Samara"><img alt="Coat of arms of Samara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coat_of_Arms_of_Samara_%28Samara_oblast%29.svg/70px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Samara_%28Samara_oblast%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coat_of_Arms_of_Samara_%28Samara_oblast%29.svg/105px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Samara_%28Samara_oblast%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coat_of_Arms_of_Samara_%28Samara_oblast%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Samara_%28Samara_oblast%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="533" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Samara</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-overlays="["_9a522566a5d8f2927f2af2cf984f503e1a85f849"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Samara&revid=1259237560&groups=_9a522566a5d8f2927f2af2cf984f503e1a85f849" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Samara&revid=1259237560&groups=_9a522566a5d8f2927f2af2cf984f503e1a85f849 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_Map_of_Samara_Oblast.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samara is located in Samara Oblast"><img alt="Samara is located in Samara Oblast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Outline_Map_of_Samara_Oblast.svg/250px-Outline_Map_of_Samara_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Outline_Map_of_Samara_Oblast.svg/375px-Outline_Map_of_Samara_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Outline_Map_of_Samara_Oblast.svg/500px-Outline_Map_of_Samara_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="838" data-file-height="921" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.913%;left:48.767%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Samara"><img alt="Samara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Samara</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Samara</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Samara Oblast</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Russia_location_map_(2014%E2%80%932022,_Crimea_disputed).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samara is located in European Russia"><img alt="Samara is located in European Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/250px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/375px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/500px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1558" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.26%;left:67.026%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Samara"><img alt="Samara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Samara</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Samara (European Russia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of European Russia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia_administrative_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samara is located in Russia"><img alt="Samara is located in Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/250px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/375px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/500px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:59.319%;left:17.914%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Samara"><img alt="Samara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Samara</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Samara (Russia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Russia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samara is located in Europe"><img alt="Samara is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/375px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.351%;left:88.34%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Samara"><img alt="Samara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Samara</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Samara (Europe)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Samara&params=53_12_10_N_50_08_27_E_type:city(1164685)_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°12′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">50°08′27″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.20278°N 50.14083°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.20278; 50.14083</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Federal subject</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Samara_Oblast" title="Samara Oblast">Samara Oblast</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref278_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref278-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1586<sup id="cite_ref-O'Neal2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Neal2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City status since</th><td class="infobox-data">1688<sup id="cite_ref-soobshchenīi︠a︡Marshall1900_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soobshchenīi︠a︡Marshall1900-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Duma_of_Samara_Urban_Okrug" class="mw-redirect" title="Duma of Samara Urban Okrug">Duma</a><sup id="cite_ref-citycouncil_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citycouncil-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor<sup id="cite_ref-mayor_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayor-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yelena_Lapushkina" title="Yelena Lapushkina">Yelena Lapushkina</a><sup id="cite_ref-mayor_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayor-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Генплан_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Генплан-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">541.382 km<sup>2</sup> (209.029 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">100 m (300 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2010)">2010 Census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,164,685</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2018)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,163,399 (<span style="color:red;">−0.1%</span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Russia by population">sixth</a> in 2010</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,200/km<sup>2</sup> (5,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Administrative status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Subordinated to</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">city of oblast significance</a> of Samara<sup id="cite_ref-Ref278_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref278-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Samara Oblast,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref278_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref278-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Volzhsky_District,_Samara_Oblast" title="Volzhsky District, Samara Oblast">Volzhsky District</a><sup id="cite_ref-OKATO_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OKATO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Municipal status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Urban okrug</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Samara Urban Okrug<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1560_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1560-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Samara Urban Okrug,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1560_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1560-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volzhsky Municipal District<sup id="cite_ref-Ref279_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref279-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B4" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+4">UTC+4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samara_Time" title="Samara Time">MSK+1</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1727?uselang=en#P421" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-vremeni_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vremeni-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Russia" title="Postal codes in Russia">Postal code(s)</a><sup id="cite_ref-PostalCode_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PostalCode-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">443XXX</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Russia" title="Telephone numbers in Russia">Dialing code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+7 846<sup id="cite_ref-dialingcode_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialingcode-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OKTMO" title="OKTMO">OKTMO</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">36701000001</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Samara</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formerly known as <b>Kuybyshev</b> during <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> rule, is the largest city and <a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">administrative centre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Samara_Oblast" title="Samara Oblast">Samara Oblast</a> in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. The city is located at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Samara_(Volga)" title="Samara (Volga)">Samara</a> rivers, with a population of over 1.14 million residents,<sup id="cite_ref-est.2021_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-est.2021-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> up to 1.22 million residents in the urban agglomeration, not including <a href="/wiki/Novokuybyshevsk" title="Novokuybyshevsk">Novokuybyshevsk</a>, which is not conurbated. The city covers an area of 541.382 square kilometers (209.029 sq mi), and is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Russia by population">eighth-largest city</a> in Russia and tenth agglomeration, the <a href="/wiki/Volga#Biggest_cities_on_the_shores_of_the_Volga" title="Volga">third-most populous city</a> on the Volga, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Volga_Federal_District" title="Volga Federal District">Volga Federal District</a>. </p><p>Formerly a <a href="/wiki/Closed_city" title="Closed city">closed city</a>, Samara is now a large and important social, political, economic, industrial, and cultural centre in Russia and hosted the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>—Russia Summit in May 2007. It has a continental climate characterised by hot summers and cold winters. The life of Samara's citizens has always been intrinsically linked to the Volga River, which has not only served as the main commercial thoroughfare of Russia throughout several centuries, but also has great visual appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samara's riverfront is one of the main recreation sites for both local citizens and tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Current name: Samara, Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Самара</span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[sɐˈmarə]</a></span>), <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">sə-<span style="font-size:90%">MAR</span>-ə</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Former name: Kuybyshev, <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Куйбышев</span></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈkujbɨʂɨf]</a></span></li></ul> <p>Samara is named after the <a href="/wiki/Samara_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Samara River">Samara River</a>, which probably means "summer water" (signifying that it froze in winter) in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian language</a> which was spoken there around the third millennium BC.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Samara city gives its name to the <a href="/wiki/Samara_culture" title="Samara culture">Samara culture</a>, a neolithic culture of the fifth millennium BC, and the <a href="/wiki/Kurgan_hypothesis" title="Kurgan hypothesis">Kurgan hypothesis</a> associates the region with the <a href="/wiki/Urheimat" class="mw-redirect" title="Urheimat">original homeland (urheimat)</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Soviet times, the city of Samara was renamed to <b>Kuybyshev</b> in 1935 in honor of the Russian Bolshevik, <a href="/wiki/Valerian_Kuybyshev" title="Valerian Kuybyshev">Valerian Kuybyshev</a>. The city reverted to its historical name of Samara on 25 January 1991 where it remains to this day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Samara" title="History of Samara">History of Samara</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Samara,_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Samara, Russia">Timeline of Samara, Russia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:So0417_1904-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/So0417_1904-08.jpg/220px-So0417_1904-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/So0417_1904-08.jpg/330px-So0417_1904-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/So0417_1904-08.jpg/440px-So0417_1904-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption>Sobornaya Street and horse tram in 1905</figcaption></figure> <p>Samara, together with its northern neighbour <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>, is at the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Idel-Ural" title="Idel-Ural">Idel-Ural</a> historical region. <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Fadlan" title="Ahmad ibn Fadlan">Ahmad ibn Fadlan</a> visited the area that is now Samara around 921 while on his journey to the <a href="/wiki/Volga_Bulgars" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga Bulgars">Volga Bulgars</a> who then controlled the region from their capital <a href="/wiki/Bolghar" title="Bolghar">Bolghar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DK2010_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DK2010-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Legend has it that <a href="/wiki/Alexius,_Metropolitan_of_Kiev" title="Alexius, Metropolitan of Kiev">Alexius, Metropolitan of Kiev</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of Samara, visited the site of the city in 1357 and predicted that a great town would be erected there, and that the town would never be ravaged.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga</a> port of Samara appears on <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> maps of the 14th century. Before 1586, the <a href="/wiki/Samara_Bend" title="Samara Bend">Samara Bend</a> was a pirate nest. Lookouts would spot an oncoming boat and quickly cross to the other side of the peninsula so that the pirates could organize an attack. Officially, Samara started with a fortress built in 1586 at the <a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">confluence</a> of the Volga and <a href="/wiki/Samara_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Samara River">Samara Rivers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Neal2015_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Neal2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This fortress was a frontier post protecting the then easternmost boundaries of Russia from forays of <a href="/wiki/Nomads" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomads">nomads</a>. A local customs office was established in 1600. </p><p>As more and more ships pulled into Samara's port, the town turned into a centre for diplomatic and economic links between Russia and the East. Samara also opened its gates to peasant war rebels headed by <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Razin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stepan Razin">Stepan Razin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yemelyan_Pugachyov" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemelyan Pugachyov">Yemelyan Pugachyov</a>, welcoming them with traditional <a href="/wiki/Bread_and_salt" title="Bread and salt">bread and salt</a>. The town was visited by <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1780, Samara was turned into an <a href="/wiki/Uyezd" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyezd">uyezd town</a> of <a href="/wiki/Simbirsk_Governorate" title="Simbirsk Governorate">Simbirsk Governorate</a> overseen by the local Governor-General, and Uyezd and Zemstvo Courts of Justice and a Board of Treasury were established. On January 1, 1851, Samara became the centre of <a href="/wiki/Samara_Governorate" title="Samara Governorate">Samara Governorate</a> with an estimated population of 20,000. This gave a stimulus to the development of the economic, political and cultural life of the community. Samara was outside of the <a href="/wiki/Pale_of_Settlement" title="Pale of Settlement">Pale of Settlement</a> and as such did not have any significant Jewish population until the late 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-bh.org.il_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bh.org.il-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1877, during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russian-Turkish War</a>, a mission from the Samara City <a href="/wiki/Duma" title="Duma">Duma</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Petr_Alabin" title="Petr Alabin">Petr Alabin</a>, as a symbol of spiritual solidarity, brought a banner tailored in Samara pierced with bullets and saturated with the blood of both Russians and Bulgarians, to Bulgaria, which has become a symbol of Russian-Bulgarian friendship.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (November 2024)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_period">Soviet period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Soviet period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Samara" title="Special:EditPage/Samara">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1935, Samara was renamed Kuybyshev in honour of the Bolshevik leader <a href="/wiki/Valerian_Kuybyshev" title="Valerian Kuybyshev">Valerian Kuybyshev</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Kuybyshev was chosen to be the alternative capital of the Soviet Union should <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> fall to the invading Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1941, the Communist Party and governmental organisations, diplomatic missions of foreign countries, leading cultural establishments and their staff were evacuated to the city. This decision was reversed in the summer of 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A dugout for <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> known as "<a href="/wiki/Stalin%27s_bunker,_Samara" title="Stalin's bunker, Samara">Stalin's Bunker</a>" was constructed but never used. To mark its role as wartime national capital a special Revolution Day parade was held at the city's <a href="/wiki/Kuybyshev_Square" title="Kuybyshev Square">Kuybyshev Square</a> on November 7, 1941, and since 2011 has been remembered in an annual <a href="/wiki/Military_parade" title="Military parade">military parade</a> organised by the city government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As a leading industrial centre, Kuybyshev played a major role in arming the country. From the very first months of World War II the city supplied the front with aircraft, firearms, and ammunition. Health centres and most of the city's hospital facilities were turned into base hospitals. Polish and Czechoslovakian military units were formed on the territory of the Volga Military District. Samara's citizens also fought at the front, many of them volunteers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the war the defence industry developed rapidly in Kuybyshev; existing facilities changed their profile and new factories were built, leading to Kuybyshev becoming a <a href="/wiki/Closed_city" title="Closed city">closed city</a>. In 1960, Kuybyshev became the missile shield centre for the country. The launch vehicle <a href="/wiki/Vostok_(rocket_family)" title="Vostok (rocket family)">Vostok</a>, which delivered the first crewed spaceship to orbit, was built at the Samara <a href="/wiki/Progress_Rocket_Space_Centre" title="Progress Rocket Space Centre">Progress Plant</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a>, the first man to travel in space on April 12, 1961, took a rest in Kuybyshev after returning to Earth. While there, he spoke to an improvised meeting of Progress workers. Kuybyshev enterprises played a leading role in the development of Soviet domestic aviation and the implementation of the Soviet space program. There is also an unusual monument situated in Samara commemorating an <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-2" title="Ilyushin Il-2">Ilyushin Il-2</a> ground-attack aircraft assembled by Kuybyshev workers in late 1942. This particular plane was shot down in 1943 over Karelia, but the heavily wounded pilot, K. Kotlyarovsky, managed to crash-land the plane near Lake Oriyarvi. The aircraft was returned to Kuybyshev in 1975, and was placed on display at the intersection of two major roads as a symbol of the deeds of home front servicemen and air-force pilots during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Patriotic_War_(term)" title="Great Patriotic War (term)">Great Patriotic War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Soviet_period">Post-Soviet period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-Soviet period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ladya_Samara_winter.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ladya_Samara_winter.JPG/220px-Ladya_Samara_winter.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ladya_Samara_winter.JPG/330px-Ladya_Samara_winter.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ladya_Samara_winter.JPG/440px-Ladya_Samara_winter.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Ladya apartment complex</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samara_naber.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Samara_naber.JPG/220px-Samara_naber.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Samara_naber.JPG/330px-Samara_naber.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Samara_naber.JPG/440px-Samara_naber.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1584" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga River</a> in Samara</figcaption></figure> <p>In January 1991, the historical name of Samara was given back to the city. Samara is one of the major industrial cities of Russia and has a multiethnic population.<sup id="cite_ref-city.old.webzavod.ru_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-city.old.webzavod.ru-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city retains its leading positions in the region, mainly due to a number of oil and petrochemical enterprises. In September 2016, Samara was awarded the title "City of Labor and Combat Glory". </p><p>In 2018, Samara became one of the host cities of the <a href="/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2018 FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a>, the matches of which were held at the Samara Arena stadium. </p><p>On July 2, 2020, the title "<a href="/wiki/City_of_Labour_Valour" title="City of Labour Valour">City of Labor Valor</a>" was awarded to Samara. On December 10, 2021, the Memorial Complex was installed on the Alley of Labor Glory on the Young Pioneers Avenue. The central element of the memorial complex was a glass and metal stele about 26 meters high. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_layout">Urban layout</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Urban layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The development of the territory of modern Samara began in the 16th century with the foundation of the Samara fortress. Prior to the founding of the fortress, this area was home to piers for Volga ships. The official date of foundation of the settlement was the decree of Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich of 1586. The location of the town was predetermined by several factors: strategic placement in order to ensure security from the raids of nomadic tribes; expansion of the Russian state in the Middle and Lower Volga regions; convenient location in the steppe landscape, at the intersection of the Volga and Samarka rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-str1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-str1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fortress was wooden with 11 towers, surrounded by a rampart and a moat, and occupied 5.2 hectares. Gradually, the population of the fortress increased, and the surrounding territories were developed.<sup id="cite_ref-str1_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-str1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simultaneously with the fortress in 1586, Boldyrskaya Sloboda arose on the Volga slope, and around 1645, upstream the Volga, Voznesenskaya Sloboda. During the 17th century, the settlements merged into a single whole.<sup id="cite_ref-str2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-str2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1688, the settlement received the status of a city, which required the development of the first boundary plan. It is known that by the beginning of the 18th century the city stretched in a narrow strip along the Volga slope. From 1703 to 1706, a new earthen, diamond-shaped form was built to the east of the old fortress. The layout was unsystematic, with small blocks of bizarre shapes. Almost the entire territory was occupied by residential buildings and administrative, commercial and military buildings were concentrated only in the fortress. The territories along the banks of the Volga and Samarka were occupied by marinas and barns. By 1717, there were 210 philistine houses and 17 houses of yasak peasants in Samara. The settlement grew slowly due to its border position and by the end of the 18th century it occupied 61.2 hectares of territory, compactly stretching along the banks of the Volga.<sup id="cite_ref-str1_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-str1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-str2_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-str2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samara_in_1886.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Samara_in_1886.png/200px-Samara_in_1886.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Samara_in_1886.png/300px-Samara_in_1886.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Samara_in_1886.png/400px-Samara_in_1886.png 2x" data-file-width="1950" data-file-height="2859" /></a><figcaption>Samara city plan in 1886</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1763, Empress Catherine II signed an order "On the making of all cities, their buildings and streets of special plans for each province especially." In the 70s, extensive activities were launched by the “Commission on the Stone Buildings of St. Petersburg and Moscow” to rebuild provincial cities. At the same time, the development of the first master plan for Samara began. In 1764, the settlement changed its administrative status, becoming a settlement. In 1780 it again received the status of a county town. In 1765 and 1772 it was badly damaged by fires. Despite these obstacles, in 1782 Samara received the first master plan with a rectangular grid of streets. According to the plan, the territory of the city was subject to a complete redevelopment: all buildings were liquidated, with the exception of several churches, houses and a fortress. In 1796, a second reconstruction plan was drawn up, identical to the first. As a result of its implementation, by 1804 the territory of Samara had increased to 70.4 hectares. The basis for the planning of the northern part of the city was a rectangular quarter measuring 130 × 260 m. The southern part of the settlement retained its irregular character.<sup id="cite_ref-str2_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-str2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main type of building of this period is a low-rise estate. The directions of the streets were determined by the direction of the channel, the so-called Samara break. The city was divided into functional zones: residential areas with trade facilities, administrative and religious buildings. Community centers were located around churches and at the ship's pier. Forges were located on the outskirts of the city. The fortress occupied 3.6 hectares, divided into a residential zone, an administrative zone (offices, a prison, a storehouse), a public one (a court, a thought), a commercial, an industrial one (warehouses, piers, forges, barns).<sup id="cite_ref-str1_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-str1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1804, a new plan for the reconstruction and expansion of Samara was drawn up, following the model of the previous ones. The old buildings in the south of the city were demolished, and a regular layout appeared in its place. In 1839, the plan was almost completely implemented. The territory of Samara has increased by 3.5 times (246.4 ha). The city occupied the entire territory along the watershed of the Volga and Samara rivers, the banks of which were built up with marinas, grain barns, warehouses, and small-scale industries. The Samara fortress was still preserved, but had already lost its significance.<sup id="cite_ref-str2_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-str2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1840, a new development plan was approved, according to which the territory of the city expanded further along the watershed, while maintaining the planning structure.<sup id="cite_ref-str2_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-str2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new plan reflected the nature of the prevailing wooden buildings (stone houses accounted for only 10% of the total). The size of the quarters remained the same, the city grew at the expense of adjacent agricultural land. As a major trading center, with a railroad, Samara in 1851 received the status of a provincial city. The general plan of 1853 regulated only building within the city limits, however, the settlement began to grow chaotically, numerous industrial facilities appeared: tanneries, oil mills, brick factories and mills. The development of navigation along the Volga led to the fact that piers, warehouses, sawmills and other factories occupied the entire Volga coast of the city. From 1875 to 1877, a private railway to Orenburg was built through Samara, laid along the banks of the Samara River. The residential part of the city was cut off from the banks of the industrial rivers, with the exception of a small section of the Strukovsky Garden, overlooking the Volga. By the end of the 19th century, Samara was a single planning space with a regular plan (with the exception of the Zasamarskaya settlement, which arose no later than the end of the 18th century).<sup id="cite_ref-str2_32-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-str2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1937_General_plan_–_Greater_Kuybyshev"><span id="1937_General_plan_.E2.80.93_Greater_Kuybyshev"></span>1937 General plan – Greater Kuybyshev</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1937 General plan – Greater Kuybyshev"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rapid growth of Kuybyshev required the development of a new master plan "Big Kuibyshev" in 1937, which was designed for the future, until 1956. It provided for a significant expansion of the city, turning it into a major industrial center. The main compositional axes arose along the watershed of the Volga and Samara rivers, and the second axis - Novo-Sadovaya Street. The structure highlights the main urban centers: Samara Square and the area of the Botanical Garden. The existing historical buildings were renovated and redeveloped, old cemeteries and churches were demolished to accommodate new public and cultural facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-str1_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-str1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The outbreak of the Great Patriotic War prevented the full implementation of the plan. In the 1940s, large defense factories were evacuated to Kuibyshev, in connection with which the area of the city during the war and the first post-war years increased by 50%, amounting to 6651.3 hectares by the end of the 40s. Factories and factories were located along the railway, east of the old city, in empty areas. Between them and the old city, new residential areas arose. New construction also unfolded in other immediate outskirts and further in the periphery.<sup id="cite_ref-str2_32-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-str2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1949, a new general plan of Samara was adopted, according to which the transport system developed (the emergence of new highways), a new industrial and residential area of Bezymyanka was built, new territories were developed, new planning units appeared: microdistricts. The development of the city proceeded at an intensive pace: the Kirovsky district, the village of Kryazh, the mouth of the Dry Samarka were built up. Landscaping work was underway, the reconstruction of squares (Kuibyshev and Chapaev squares), the laying of the TsPKiO. A new urban framework was formed by community centers and main highways connecting remote areas with the historical center.<sup id="cite_ref-str1_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-str1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, until the end of the 1950s, the city was a conglomeration of scattered workers' settlements, located around the largest industrial enterprises. In such a system, two centers were key: the Old City (historical merchant) and the new Bezymyanka industrial district (social city). Bezymyanka was connected with the Old Town by a railway line and bus routes. This two-part structure of the city lasted until the end of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1950s, during the construction process, the local architectural school was able to form outstanding architectural ensembles that connected the workers' settlements into a single urban system. These are the buildings of Revolution Square, Kuibyshev, Samarskaya, Chapaev, Agriculture, Kirov, Pobeda Street, Kirov, Metallurgists, Yunykh Pioneers, Kuibyshev, Novo-Sadovaya, Maslennikov, the Soviet Army and the Volga embankment.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Samara experiences a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>Dfb</i>, borders on <i>Dfa</i>). Samara's humidity levels are higher in the summer than many Russian cities thanks to the <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> levels and the close proximity to the Volga. The humidity levels usually range from 29% to 98% humidity over the period of a year. There was a record high of +40.4 °C (104.7 °F) during a <a href="/wiki/2010_Russian_heat_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Russian heat wave">severe heat wave</a>. Being far inland, summers are very warm and winters very cold for its latitude among European cities. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Samara (1991–2020, extremes 1852–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9<br />(96.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0E00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.4<br />(102.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.9<br />(103.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.9<br />(103.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.7<br />(19.9) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.8<br />(21.6) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.2<br />(22.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.6<br />(14.7) </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.3<br />(15.3) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.9<br />(26.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7<br />(28.9) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8<br />(18.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.3<br />(9.9) </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.5<br />(9.5) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.2<br />(20.8) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.8<br />(25.2) </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.2<br />(13.6) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #0000F8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−44.0<br />(−47.2) </td> <td style="background: #1F1FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36.9<br />(−34.4) </td> <td style="background: #2323FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36.1<br />(−33.0) </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.9<br />(−5.6) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.9<br />(23.2) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.7<br />(3.7) </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−28.1<br />(−18.6) </td> <td style="background: #0707FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−41.3<br />(−42.3) </td> <td style="background: #0000F8; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−44.0<br />(−47.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #C6FFC6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">549<br />(21.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37<br />(15) </td> <td style="background: #5858FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54<br />(21) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50<br />(20) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(7.5) </td> <td style="background: #5858FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">54<br />(21) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">122 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #0000D5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">24 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">104 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">74 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #747474; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #B2B276; color:#000000;" class="notheme">102 </td> <td style="background: #C3C310; color:#000000;" class="notheme">149 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">214 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">305 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">303 </td> <td style="background: #F0F011; color:#000000;" class="notheme">310 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">275 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">190 </td> <td style="background: #B0B080; color:#000000;" class="notheme">108 </td> <td style="background: #585858; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #545454; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,113 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net<sup id="cite_ref-pogoda_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pogoda-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_and_municipal_status">Administrative and municipal status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Administrative and municipal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Samara" title="Administrative divisions of Samara">Administrative divisions of Samara</a></div> <p>Samara is the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">administrative center</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">oblast</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref278_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref278-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, within the <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">framework of administrative divisions</a>, it also serves as the administrative center of <a href="/wiki/Volzhsky_District,_Samara_Oblast" title="Volzhsky District, Samara Oblast">Volzhsky District</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-OKATO_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OKATO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though it is not a part of it.<sup id="cite_ref-OKATO2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OKATO2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an administrative division, it is, together with two <a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">rural localities</a>, incorporated separately as the <b><a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">city of oblast significance</a> of Samara</b>—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Samara_Oblast" title="Administrative divisions of Samara Oblast">districts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref278_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref278-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">municipal division</a>, the city of oblast significance of Samara is incorporated as <b>Samara Urban Okrug</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1560_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1560-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2015, Samara's nine city districts were granted municipal status.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1560_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1560-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duma_of_Samara_Urban_Okrug">Duma of Samara Urban Okrug</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Duma of Samara Urban Okrug"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Duma of Samara Urban Okrug</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Дума городского округа Самара</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Duma gorodskogo okruga Samara</i></span>) is the unicameral <a href="/wiki/City_duma" title="City duma">city duma</a> of Samara, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. A total of 37 deputies are elected for five-year terms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_system">Electoral system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Electoral system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2015, deputies are elected in a two-tier system: district deputies are elected who then elect representatives to the duma.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2019 law, the number of representatives was reduced from 41 to 37 while maintaining the two-tier system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Samara City Duma was founded in 1870 following administrative reforms that year.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, 210 district deputies were elected who then elected 37 representatives to the duma.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next election will be in 2025. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020">2020</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Seats </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#2056AE;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Russia" title="United Russia">United Russia</a></td> <td>29 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CC1111;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Communist Party of the Russian Federation">Communist Party of the Russian Federation</a></td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFC003;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/A_Just_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="A Just Russia">A Just Russia</a></td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#48C;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Russia">Liberal Democratic Party of Russia</a></td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E61B23;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rodina_(political_party)" title="Rodina (political party)">Rodina</a></td> <td>1 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1897 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">90,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">171,818</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+90.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">390,488</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+127.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1959 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">806,356</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+106.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1970 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,044,849</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+29.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1979 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,216,233</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1989 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,254,460</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,157,880</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−7.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,164,685</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,173,299</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Census data</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The population of Samara was 1,173,393 in 2021, up from 1,164,685 in 2010. </p><p>In the 2021 Census, the following ethnic groups were listed:<sup id="cite_ref-ВПН-2020_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ВПН-2020-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <table class="standard"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ethnic group </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> </td> <td align="right">979,103 </td> <td align="right">91.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> </td> <td align="right">29,535 </td> <td align="right">2.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> </td> <td align="right">6,042 </td> <td align="right">0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a> </td> <td align="right">5,997 </td> <td align="right">0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a> </td> <td align="right">5,631 </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td align="right">40,262 </td> <td align="right">3.8% </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samara_church_george.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Samara_church_george.JPG/220px-Samara_church_george.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Samara_church_george.JPG/330px-Samara_church_george.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Samara_church_george.JPG/440px-Samara_church_george.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1584" /></a><figcaption>Church of St. George in Samara</figcaption></figure> <p>Samara is a multi-confessional city with various religious groups, including an <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christian</a> majority and minorities of <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Christians</a>, Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, and Jews. </p><p>However, since 2009, a Russian "anti-extremism" law has led to an increase in repression of religious minorities. Local authorities and courts in Samara have targeted <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> by liquidating the group's legal entity ("Local Religious Organization" or "LRO") and designating it as an "extremist" organization.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2016, "the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of the Russian Federation">Supreme Court of the Russian Federation</a> upheld the decision of the Samara Regional Court to recognize the Samara branch of Jehovah's Witnesses as an extremist organization and to ban its activities."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurumoch_International_Airport_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Kurumoch_International_Airport_1.png/220px-Kurumoch_International_Airport_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Kurumoch_International_Airport_1.png/330px-Kurumoch_International_Airport_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Kurumoch_International_Airport_1.png/440px-Kurumoch_International_Airport_1.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kurumoch_International_Airport" title="Kurumoch International Airport">Kurumoch International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Samara is a leading industrial center in the Volga region and is among the top ten Russian cities in terms of national income and industrial production volume. Samara is known for the production of aerospace launch vehicles, satellites and various space services (<a href="/wiki/Progress_Rocket_Space_Centre" title="Progress Rocket Space Centre">Progress State Research and Production Rocket Space Center</a>), engines (<a href="/wiki/Kuznetsov_Design_Bureau" title="Kuznetsov Design Bureau">Kuznetsov Design Bureau</a>) and cables (Volgacable, Samara Cable Company), aircraft (<a href="/wiki/Aviakor" title="Aviakor">Aviakor</a>) and rolled aluminum, block-module power stations; refining, chemical and cryogenic products; gas-pumping units; bearings of different sizes, drilling bits; automated electrical equipment; airfield equipment (Start plant); truck-mounted cranes; construction materials; chocolates made by the Russia Chocolate Factory; Rodnik vodka; Vektor vodka; Zhiguli beer; food processing and light industrial products.<sup id="cite_ref-city.old.webzavod.ru_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-city.old.webzavod.ru-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Samara has an opera and ballet theater, a philharmonic orchestra hall, and five drama theaters. There is a museum of natural history and local history studies, a city art museum, and a number of movie theaters. As a dedication to the city's contribution to the development of aerospace industry, there is a space museum (called Cosmic Samara)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an exhibition of aerospace history in <a href="/wiki/Samara_State_Aerospace_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Samara State Aerospace University">Samara State Aerospace University</a>. In the 2000s, a large number of <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a> galleries have also been built. </p><p><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9F._%D0%92._%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Самарский областной историко-краеведческий музей имени П. В. Алабина">Samara Regional Museum of Local History named after Pyotr Vladimirovich Alabin</a> is one of the oldest museums of the Volga region, founded on November 13, 1886. The museum offers 2,500 square meters of exposition and exhibition areas, a 270-seat cinema/lecture hall, and a library with a reading hall. Museum's funds contain around 230,000 items, including abundant archaeological and scientific collections (paleontological, mineralogical, zoological, botanical), and folklore and ethnographical collections. Visitors are offered a wide choice of expositions: paleoecological – "Natural communities of Samara region", archaeological – "Priceless heritage of the times gone by", ethnographic – "Circle of life, reflected in traditions and rituals of the Volga region indigenous peoples", historical – "The Crossroads of Samara history", and other exhibition projects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alabin_Museum">Alabin Museum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Alabin Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main branch of the Alabin Museum is the House-Museum of Vladimir Lenin in Samara is an object of cultural heritage of federal significance. It is located on the site of a former city merchant's mansion, dating to the last quarter of the 19th century. The Ulyanov family rented a second floor apartment of the house of Samara merchant Ilya Rytikov in 1893. During this time Vladimir Ulyanov graduated from <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_University" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg University">St. Petersburg University</a> law school and started employment at the Samara Regional Court. The museum opened in 1940. The museum's second floor houses a permanent memorial/household exhibition "Ulyanov family’s apartment in Samara, 1890–1893", recreating the living conditions and household atmosphere of the Ulyanov family. The ground floor contains a specialised display area, including a fragment of an artistic reconstruction of Ilya Rytikov's merchant shop.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Samara has a strong rock 'n' roll scene with indie bands and great festivals like Protoka, Metafest, and Volgafest. </p><p>Another branch of the museum is the Exposition Museum of Art Nouveau opened in 2012. It was the mansion of Alexandra Kurlina, a merchant's wife and philanthropist. The original façade and interior survive to this day, representing the works of European and Russian <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">art nouveau</a> masters. The museum is an exhibition space, which hosts major Russian museums’ projects (The Pushkin Museum, Abramtsevo Museum-Reserve, Moscow Multimedia Art Museum), and organises exhibitions of its own collections.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The final branch is the House-Museum of Mikhail Frunze which opened in 1934 but its building was constructed in 1891. On February 23, 2004, on the eve of the 70th anniversary of the museum, a new, third exposition was opened, in which new materials, previously classified as top secret, were exhibited. The exposition details information on the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>, the confrontation on the Eastern Front between the armies of <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Frunze" title="Mikhail Frunze">Mikhail Frunze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kolchak" title="Alexander Kolchak">Alexander Kolchak</a>, about "<a href="/wiki/Russian_Red_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Red Army">The Reds</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Russian_White_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian White Army">The Whites</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Green_armies" title="Green armies">The Greens</a>", and about the anti-Soviet uprising behind the lines of the Eastern Front.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_events">Public events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Public events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>International festivals, scientific congresses and other social events are held on the territory of Samara. Among them are: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grusha_fest-6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Grusha_fest-6.jpg/220px-Grusha_fest-6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Grusha_fest-6.jpg/330px-Grusha_fest-6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Grusha_fest-6.jpg/440px-Grusha_fest-6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Grushinsky_festival" title="Grushinsky festival">Grushinsky festival</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grushinsky_festival" title="Grushinsky festival">Grushinsky festival</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Грушинский фестиваль</span>) is an annual Russian <a href="/wiki/Bard_(Soviet_Union)" title="Bard (Soviet Union)">bard song</a> festival that was established in 1968. It takes place near the city of <a href="/wiki/Samara,_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Samara, Russia">Samara</a>, on the Mastryukovo lakes. The festival takes its name from Valeri Grushin, a singer-songwriter who died during a backcountry camping trip trying to save his drowning friends.</li> <li>Rock over Volga (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Рок над Волгой</span>) – an international rock festival, held annually from 2009 to 2013 and timed to <a href="/wiki/Russia_Day" title="Russia Day">Russia Day</a> in Samara. The line-up included bands such as the <a href="/wiki/Ken_Hensley" title="Ken Hensley">Ken Hensley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aquarium_(band)" title="Aquarium (band)">Aquarium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skunk_Anansie" title="Skunk Anansie">Skunk Anansie</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rammstein" title="Rammstein">Rammstein</a>.</li> <li>Metafest (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Метафест</span>) – the annual multi-format music festival in the open air, held on the territory of Mastryukovo lakes since 2007. The line-up included bands such as the <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Nikolayevich_Smirnov" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Nikolayevich Smirnov">Ivan Smirnov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olga_Arefieva" title="Olga Arefieva">Olga Arefieva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Z-Star" title="Z-Star">Z-Star</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Bastard" title="Theodor Bastard">Theodor Bastard</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Samara,_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings in Samara, Russia">List of tallest buildings in Samara, Russia</a></div> <p>Architecture of Samara dates back to 15th and 16th centuries. The city had numerous wooden buildings with elaborate decor and more than 2000 cultural heritage objects. However, after the 1990s many unique ensembles were destroyed by a "concrete tsunami" of modern office and apartment blocks.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samara_Arena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Samara_Arena.jpg/250px-Samara_Arena.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Samara_Arena.jpg/375px-Samara_Arena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Samara_Arena.jpg/500px-Samara_Arena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cosmos_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmos Arena">Cosmos Arena</a> hosted the <a href="/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2018 FIFA World Cup">2018 FIFA World Cup</a> games</figcaption></figure> <p>Several sports clubs are active in the city: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Club</th> <th>Sport</th> <th>Founded</th> <th>Current League</th> <th>League<br />Tier</th> <th>Stadium </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PFC_Krylia_Sovetov_Samara" title="PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara">Krylia Sovetov</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td>1942 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Premier_League" title="Russian Premier League">Russian Premier League</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmos Arena">Samara Arena</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CSK_VVS_Samara_(ice_hockey)" title="CSK VVS Samara (ice hockey)">CSK VVS Samara</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_Hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice Hockey">Ice Hockey</a> </td> <td>1950 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Hockey_League" title="Supreme Hockey League">VHL</a> </td> <td>2nd </td> <td>Kristall Ice Palace </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BC_Samara" title="BC Samara">Samara</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td>1976 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Basketball_Super_League_1" title="Russian Basketball Super League 1">Russian Basketball Super League 1</a> </td> <td>2nd </td> <td>MTL Arena </td></tr> <tr> <td>Krylia Sovetov </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beach_Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach Soccer">Beach Soccer</a> </td> <td>2010 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Beach_Soccer_Championships" title="Russian Beach Soccer Championships">Russian Beach Soccer Championships</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td>Volga Stadium </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dinamo-Samara" title="Dinamo-Samara">Dinamo-Samara</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">Futsal</a> </td> <td>2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Futsal_Super_League" title="Russian Futsal Super League">Russian Futsal Super League</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td>MTL Arena </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Samara is also a popular venue for National and International <a href="/wiki/Ice_speedway" title="Ice speedway">Ice speedway</a>, and the City won the Russian Ice Speedway Premier League in 2012/13 season,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning they will now compete in the Super League in the 2013/14 season. Samara is one of eleven cities hosting the <a href="/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2018 FIFA World Cup">2018 FIFA World Cup</a> with 6 matches (4 Group Stage matches, 1 Round of 16 match, 1 Quarter-Final) which will take place in the newly built <a href="/wiki/Cosmos_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmos Arena">Cosmos Arena</a> stadium. The stadium's seating capacity is 45,000. </p><p>During the World Cup, the city hosted the FIFA Fan Fest on the Kuibysheva Square. Up to 20,000 fans were able to participate in the event at a time. </p><p>Three new training fields have been built in the city for the FIFA World Cup. Two major roads have been repaired before the championship: the airport road and Moskovskoye Highway. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure;_transportation"><span id="Infrastructure.3B_transportation"></span>Infrastructure; transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Infrastructure; transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Samara is a major <a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">transport hub</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Highways">Highways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Highways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Samara is located on the <a href="/wiki/M5_highway_(Russia)" title="M5 highway (Russia)">M5 highway</a>, a major road between Moscow and the <a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Ural region</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are rail links to Moscow and other major Russian cities. The new, unusual-looking <a href="/wiki/Samara_railway_station" title="Samara railway station">railway station building</a> was completed in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="River_transport">River transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: River transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Samara is a major <a href="/wiki/River_port" class="mw-redirect" title="River port">river port</a>, due to its location at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samara_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Samara River">Samara</a> rivers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kurumoch_International_Airport" title="Kurumoch International Airport">Kurumoch International Airport</a> handles flights throughout Russia and <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Air Force">Soviet Air Force</a> base once existed east of the city at <a href="/wiki/Bobrovka_(air_base)" title="Bobrovka (air base)">Bobrovka air base</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public transportation includes the <a href="/wiki/Samara_Metro" title="Samara Metro">Samara Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trams</a>, municipal and private bus lines, and <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a>. Local trains serve the suburbs. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara_Tram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samara Tram (page does not exist)">Samara Tram</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2628410#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2628410"><span title=""Samara Tram" in other languages">Wikidata</span></a>]</span> is an extensive <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> system covering most of Samara. First opened in 1915 it currently has 25 lines extending 168.2 kilometres (104.5 mi) served by 423 <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram cars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of all Samara trams are <a href="/wiki/Tatra_T3" title="Tatra T3">Tatra T3</a>SU, modified Tatra T3E and 1 unique Tatra T3RF. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Samara_Metro" title="Samara Metro">Samara Metro</a> is a single-line underground rapid transit system. Opened in 1987, its only line has been expanded through 2015 and currently has <a href="/wiki/List_of_Samara_Metro_stations" title="List of Samara Metro stations">10 stations</a>. The 11th station "Teatralnaya" has been under construction since January 2022. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery">Gallery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samara_bus_GOLAZ_(15343224502).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Golaz-AKA-6226 bus"><img alt="Golaz-AKA-6226 bus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Samara_bus_GOLAZ_%2815343224502%29.jpg/269px-Samara_bus_GOLAZ_%2815343224502%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Samara_bus_GOLAZ_%2815343224502%29.jpg/404px-Samara_bus_GOLAZ_%2815343224502%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Samara_bus_GOLAZ_%2815343224502%29.jpg/538px-Samara_bus_GOLAZ_%2815343224502%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Golaz-AKA-6226 bus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samara_Mosque_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scania OmniLink bus"><img alt="Scania OmniLink bus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Samara_Mosque_3.jpg/269px-Samara_Mosque_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Samara_Mosque_3.jpg/404px-Samara_Mosque_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Samara_Mosque_3.jpg/538px-Samara_Mosque_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Scania_OmniLink" title="Scania OmniLink">Scania OmniLink</a> bus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samara_trolleybus_3210_(15156761079).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ZiU-682 trolleybus"><img alt="ZiU-682 trolleybus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Samara_trolleybus_3210_%2815156761079%29.jpg/269px-Samara_trolleybus_3210_%2815156761079%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Samara_trolleybus_3210_%2815156761079%29.jpg/404px-Samara_trolleybus_3210_%2815156761079%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Samara_trolleybus_3210_%2815156761079%29.jpg/538px-Samara_trolleybus_3210_%2815156761079%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ZiU-682 trolleybus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samara_trolleybus_BKM-321_new_in_depot_tb_20090502_706_(15156928798).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="AKSM-321 low-floor trolleybus"><img alt="AKSM-321 low-floor trolleybus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Samara_trolleybus_BKM-321_new_in_depot_tb_20090502_706_%2815156928798%29.jpg/269px-Samara_trolleybus_BKM-321_new_in_depot_tb_20090502_706_%2815156928798%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Samara_trolleybus_BKM-321_new_in_depot_tb_20090502_706_%2815156928798%29.jpg/404px-Samara_trolleybus_BKM-321_new_in_depot_tb_20090502_706_%2815156928798%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Samara_trolleybus_BKM-321_new_in_depot_tb_20090502_706_%2815156928798%29.jpg/538px-Samara_trolleybus_BKM-321_new_in_depot_tb_20090502_706_%2815156928798%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">AKSM-321 low-floor trolleybus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tatrat3rf.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tatra T3 tram"><img alt="Tatra T3 tram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tatrat3rf.jpg/271px-Tatrat3rf.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tatrat3rf.jpg/406px-Tatrat3rf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tatrat3rf.jpg/541px-Tatrat3rf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="590" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tatra_T3" title="Tatra T3">Tatra T3</a> tram</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tatra_T3_tram_under_1123_number_on_20_route_in_Samara.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tatra T3 trams"><img alt="Tatra T3 trams" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Tatra_T3_tram_under_1123_number_on_20_route_in_Samara.jpg/240px-Tatra_T3_tram_under_1123_number_on_20_route_in_Samara.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Tatra_T3_tram_under_1123_number_on_20_route_in_Samara.jpg/360px-Tatra_T3_tram_under_1123_number_on_20_route_in_Samara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Tatra_T3_tram_under_1123_number_on_20_route_in_Samara.jpg/480px-Tatra_T3_tram_under_1123_number_on_20_route_in_Samara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tatra T3 trams</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rossiyskaya_(%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F)_(7056155089).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samara Metro"><img alt="Samara Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Rossiyskaya_%28%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%29_%287056155089%29.jpg/270px-Rossiyskaya_%28%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%29_%287056155089%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Rossiyskaya_%28%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%29_%287056155089%29.jpg/405px-Rossiyskaya_%28%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%29_%287056155089%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Rossiyskaya_%28%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%29_%287056155089%29.jpg/540px-Rossiyskaya_%28%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%29_%287056155089%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Samara_Metro" title="Samara Metro">Samara Metro</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SamaraVokzal.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Samara railway station"><img alt="Samara railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SamaraVokzal.JPG/240px-SamaraVokzal.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SamaraVokzal.JPG/360px-SamaraVokzal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SamaraVokzal.JPG/480px-SamaraVokzal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Samara_railway_station" title="Samara railway station">Samara railway station</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurumoch_International_Airport_New_Terminal_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kurumoch International Airport"><img alt="Kurumoch International Airport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Kurumoch_International_Airport_New_Terminal_1.jpg/328px-Kurumoch_International_Airport_New_Terminal_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="219" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Kurumoch_International_Airport_New_Terminal_1.jpg/492px-Kurumoch_International_Airport_New_Terminal_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Kurumoch_International_Airport_New_Terminal_1.jpg/656px-Kurumoch_International_Airport_New_Terminal_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="419" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kurumoch_International_Airport" title="Kurumoch International Airport">Kurumoch International Airport</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Festival_of_Science_in_Samara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Festival_of_Science_in_Samara.jpg/220px-Festival_of_Science_in_Samara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Festival_of_Science_in_Samara.jpg/330px-Festival_of_Science_in_Samara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Festival_of_Science_in_Samara.jpg/440px-Festival_of_Science_in_Samara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Festival of Science in Samara</figcaption></figure> <p>Samara has 188 schools of general education, lyceums, high schools, and the college of continuous education (from primary up to higher education). Samara is a major educational and scientific centre of the Volga area. Twelve public and 13 commercial institutions of higher education as well as 26 colleges. </p><p>Samara is the home of <a href="/wiki/Samara_State_Aerospace_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Samara State Aerospace University">Samara State Aerospace University</a> (SSAU), one of Russia's leading engineering and technical institutions. SSAU faculty and graduates have played a significant role in Russia's space program since its conception. Samara is also the hometown of <a href="/wiki/Samara_State_University" title="Samara State University">Samara State University</a>, a very respected higher-education institution in European Russia with competitive programs in Law, Sociology, and English Philology. Scientific research is also carried out in Samara. The Samara Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences incorporates the Samara branch of the Physical Institute, Theoretical Engineering Institute and Image Processing Systems Institute. Major research institutions operate in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-city.old.webzavod.ru_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-city.old.webzavod.ru-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Samara_State_Technical_University" title="Samara State Technical University">Samara State Technical University</a> (SamGTU) was founded in 1914. There are 11 faculties with over 20,000 students (2009) and 1,800 faculty members. On campus, there are four dormitory and ten study buildings. Samara State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities was founded in 1911 as Samara Teachers Institute. Currently, the academy offers 42 various specialisations in its 12 faculties.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> <a href="/wiki/26922_Samara" class="mw-redirect" title="26922 Samara">26922 Samara</a> was named in honour of the city and the river on 1 June 2007.<small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=26922">†</a></small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Samara" title="List of people from Samara">List of people from Samara</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dmitri_Shostakovich_credit_Deutsche_Fotothek_adjusted.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Dmitri_Shostakovich_credit_Deutsche_Fotothek_adjusted.jpg/140px-Dmitri_Shostakovich_credit_Deutsche_Fotothek_adjusted.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Dmitri_Shostakovich_credit_Deutsche_Fotothek_adjusted.jpg/210px-Dmitri_Shostakovich_credit_Deutsche_Fotothek_adjusted.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Dmitri_Shostakovich_credit_Deutsche_Fotothek_adjusted.jpg/280px-Dmitri_Shostakovich_credit_Deutsche_Fotothek_adjusted.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2146" data-file-height="2995" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Shostakovich" title="Dmitri Shostakovich">Dmitri Shostakovich</a>, 1950</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violetta_Khrapina" class="mw-redirect" title="Violetta Khrapina">Violetta Khrapina Bida</a> (born 1994), Olympic épée fencer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Feygin" title="Mark Feygin">Mark Feygin</a> (born 1971), lawyer and human rights activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimi_Kagan" title="Mimi Kagan">Mimi Kagan</a> (1918–1999), Russian-born American modern dancer, choreographer; born in Samara.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Kan" title="Ilya Kan">Ilya Kan</a> (1909–1978), chess player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Kuftin" title="Boris Kuftin">Boris Kuftin</a> (1892–1953), archaeologist and ethnographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Kuncewiczowa" title="Maria Kuncewiczowa">Maria Kuncewiczowa</a> (1895–1989), Polish writer and novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Dmitry Muratov</a> (born 1961), journalist, <a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2021 Nobel Peace Prize">2021 Nobel Peace Prize</a> winner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasia_Pavlyuchenkova" title="Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova">Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova</a> (born 1991), professional tennis player and multiple junior Grand Slam champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Rastelli" title="Enrico Rastelli">Enrico Rastelli</a> (1896–1931), Italian performer and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Ratoff" title="Gregory Ratoff">Gregory Ratoff</a> (1893–1960), Russian-born American film director, actor and producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Romanov" title="Pavel Romanov">Pavel Romanov</a> (1964–2014), sociologist and ethnographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rudman_(wrestler)" title="David Rudman (wrestler)">David Rudman</a> (1943– 2022), Russian-American wrestler, Sambo world champion, and judo European champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Alexander_Schelkunoff" title="Sergei Alexander Schelkunoff">Sergei Alexander Schelkunoff</a> (1897–1992), a mathematician and electromagnetism theorist, contributed to <a href="/wiki/Antenna_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Antenna theory">antenna theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Sharkova-Sidorova" title="Olga Sharkova-Sidorova">Olga Sharkova-Sidorova</a> (born 1968), foil fencer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Shostakovich" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitry Shostakovich">Dmitry Shostakovich</a> (1906–1975), composer and pianist, lived in Samara during WWII where he finished his <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._7_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 7 (Shostakovich)">Symphony No. 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Sukhov" title="Pavel Sukhov">Pavel Sukhov</a> (born 1988), epee fencer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Nikolayevich_Tolstoy" title="Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy">Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy</a> (1882–1945), writer of science fiction and historical novels.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Ustinov" title="Dmitry Ustinov">Dmitry Ustinov</a> (1908–1984), Soviet Defence Minister, <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Marshal of the Soviet Union">Marshal of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Vanyo" title="Svetlana Vanyo">Svetlana Vanyo</a> (born 1977), Russian-American swimmer and coach</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Russia" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia">List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia</a></div> <p>Samara is <a href="/wiki/Sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 24em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hefei,_Anhui" class="mw-redirect" title="Hefei, Anhui">Hefei, Anhui</a>, China (2015)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Heihe,_Heilongjiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Heihe, Heilongjiang">Heihe, Heilongjiang</a>, China (2012)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Krimml,_Salzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Krimml, Salzburg">Krimml, Salzburg</a>, Austria (2010)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Palermo,_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo, Sicily">Palermo, Sicily</a>, Italy (2008)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stara_Zagora,_Stara_Zagora_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Stara Zagora, Stara Zagora Province">Stara Zagora, Stara Zagora Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> (1992)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart,_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg">Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg</a>, Germany (1992)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>, United States (1994)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tongyeong,_Gyeongsangnam-do" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do">Tongyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do</a>, South Korea (2016)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou,_Henan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhengzhou, Henan">Zhengzhou, Henan</a>, China (2002)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denizli,_Aegean_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Denizli, Aegean Region">Denizli, Aegean Region</a>, Turkey (2008)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Church,_Samara" title="Sacred Heart Church, Samara">Sacred Heart Church, Samara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Christ_the_Saviour_(Samara)" title="Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (Samara)">Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (Samara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara_flag" title="Samara flag">Samara flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara_culture" title="Samara culture">Samara culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara_Police" title="Samara Police">Samara Police</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="#Etymology">#Etymology</a> below</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes_2">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OKATO-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OKATO_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OKATO_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OKATO_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=107426">Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 36 214</a>», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г..</span></span> (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=107426">Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 36 214</a></i>, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref278-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref278_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref278_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref278_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref278_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref278_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref278_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Charter of Samara Oblast</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Neal2015-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-O'Neal2015_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-O'Neal2015_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMolly_O'Neal2015" class="citation book cs1">Molly O'Neal (August 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_b1mCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79"><i>Democracy, Civic Culture and Small Business in Russia's Regions: Social Processes in Comparative Historical Perspective</i></a>. Routledge. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-43509-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-43509-9"><bdi>978-1-317-43509-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy%2C+Civic+Culture+and+Small+Business+in+Russia%27s+Regions%3A+Social+Processes+in+Comparative+Historical+Perspective&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-08-20&rft.isbn=978-1-317-43509-9&rft.au=Molly+O%27Neal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_b1mCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-soobshchenīi︠a︡Marshall1900-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-soobshchenīi︠a︡Marshall1900_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussia._Ministerstvo_puteĭ_soobshchenīi︠a︡John_Marshall1900" class="citation book cs1">Russia. Ministerstvo puteĭ soobshchenīi︠a︡; John Marshall (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S_1KAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA86"><i>Guide to the Great Siberian Railway</i></a>. Ministry of Ways of Communication. pp. 86–.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+Great+Siberian+Railway&rft.pages=86-&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Ways+of+Communication&rft.date=1900&rft.au=Russia.+Ministerstvo+pute%C4%AD+soobshchen%C4%ABi%EF%B8%A0a%EF%B8%A1&rft.au=John+Marshall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS_1KAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citycouncil-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-citycouncil_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gordumasamara.ru/">"Дума городского округа Самара | Официальный сайт | Самарская городская Дума"</a>. <i>www.gordumasamara.ru</i>. Samara City Council<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gordumasamara.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0+%7C+%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82+%7C+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gordumasamara.ru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mayor-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mayor_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mayor_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://samadm.ru/media/news/14070/"><bdi lang="ru">Глава Самары Елена Лапушкина проголосовала на выборах Президента России</bdi></a>. <i>samadm.ru</i> (in Russian). City of Samara<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=samadm.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsamadm.ru%2Fmedia%2Fnews%2F14070%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Генплан-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Генплан_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://city.samara.ru/sites/default/files/document_file/Poyasnitel'naya_zapiska_.doc">Пояснительная записка к Генеральному плану г.о. Самара. Приложение 1. Основные технико-экономические показатели</a> с.21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/russia/samara/">"Samara Oblast (Russia): Population, Cities and Settlements - Population Statistics, Charts and Map"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Samara+Oblast+%28Russia%29%3A+Population%2C+Cities+and+Settlements+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts+and+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Frussia%2Fsamara%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/bul_dr/mun_obr2018.rar">"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года"</a>. Federal State Statistics Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=26.+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+2018+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fdoc_2018%2Fbul_dr%2Fmun_obr2018.rar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref1560-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1560_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1560_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1560_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1560_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #23-GD</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref279-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ref279_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #189-GD</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vremeni-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vremeni_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=102483854&backlink=1&&nd=102148085">"Об исчислении времени"</a>. <i>Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации</i> (in Russian). June 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.date=2011-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fdocbody%3D%26prevDoc%3D102483854%26backlink%3D1%26%26nd%3D102148085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PostalCode-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PostalCode_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (<i>Russian Post</i>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vinfo.russianpost.ru/servlet/department">Поиск объектов почтовой связи</a> (<i>Postal Objects Search</i>) <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dialingcode-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dialingcode_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russiatrek.org/samara-city">"Samara city, Russia travel guide"</a>. <i>russiatrek.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=russiatrek.org&rft.atitle=Samara+city%2C+Russia+travel+guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frussiatrek.org%2Fsamara-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-est.2021-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-est.2021_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/russia/cities/volga/">"RUSSIA: Privolžskij Federal'nyj Okrug: Volga Federal District"</a>. City Population.de. August 4, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RUSSIA%3A+Privol%C5%BEskij+Federal%27nyj+Okrug%3A+Volga+Federal+District&rft.pub=City+Population.de&rft.date=2021-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Frussia%2Fcities%2Fvolga%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFМария2013" class="citation journal cs1">Мария, Лескинен (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/volga-russkaya-reka-iz-istorii-formirovaniya-i-argumentatsii">"Волга - русская река. Из истории формирования и аргументации"</a>. <i>Вопросы национализма</i> (4 (16)): 50–76. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2218-1229">2218-1229</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0+-+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.+%D0%98%D0%B7+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.issue=4+%2816%29&rft.pages=50-76&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=2218-1229&rft.aulast=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.aufirst=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fvolga-russkaya-reka-iz-istorii-formirovaniya-i-argumentatsii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFШейнис2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Шейнис, Михаил (April 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://63samara.ru/dostohrimechatelnosti/braches/naberezhnaya-samary/">"Набережная Самары"</a>. <i>Моя Самара</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&rft.date=2020-04-27&rft.aulast=%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F63samara.ru%2Fdostohrimechatelnosti%2Fbraches%2Fnaberezhnaya-samary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/samara">"Definition of SAMARA"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+SAMARA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fsamara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/18155990">"Топография крепости Самара 1586-1706 гг., этимология и предшествующие упоминания топонима в письменных источниках (Topography of the Samara fortress, etymology and preceding mentioning of the toponim in the written sources)"</a>. www.academia.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0+1586-1706+%D0%B3%D0%B3.%2C+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85+%28Topography+of+the+Samara+fortress%2C+etymology+and+preceding+mentioning+of+the+toponim+in+the+written+sources%29&rft.pub=www.academia.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F18155990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Balter, Michael (13 February 2015). "Mysterious Indo-European homeland may have been in the steppes of Ukraine and Russia". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aaa7858. Retrieved 17 February 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DK2010-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DK2010_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacleodParkerRaeFiennes2012" class="citation book cs1">Macleod, Alasdair; Parker, Philip; Rae, Eugene; <a href="/wiki/Ranulph_Fiennes" title="Ranulph Fiennes">Fiennes, Ranulph</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/explorerstalesof0000na/page/32/mode/2up?view=theater"><i>Explorers: Tales of Endurance and Exploration</i></a> (revised ed.). DK Publishing. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-9238-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-9238-4"><bdi>978-0-7566-9238-4</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Explorers%3A+Tales+of+Endurance+and+Exploration&rft.pages=33&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=DK+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7566-9238-4&rft.aulast=Macleod&rft.aufirst=Alasdair&rft.au=Parker%2C+Philip&rft.au=Rae%2C+Eugene&rft.au=Fiennes%2C+Ranulph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexplorerstalesof0000na%2Fpage%2F32%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorsukov2013" class="citation web cs1">Borsukov, Andrey (July 9, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://volga.news/article/262990.html">"Юрий Смирнов: "Императоры всероссийские не обходили стороной Самарскую губернию"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [Yuri Smirnov: "The All-Russian Emperors Did Not Bypass the Samara Province"]. <i>Volga News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Volga+News&rft.atitle=%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%3A+%22%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E%22&rft.date=2013-07-09&rft.aulast=Borsukov&rft.aufirst=Andrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvolga.news%2Farticle%2F262990.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://progorodsamara.ru/news/view/romanovy-v-samare-istoria-imperatorskih-vizitov-v-gorod?ysclid=lyscolpxjl905639567">"Романовы в Самаре: история императорских визитов в город"</a> [The Romanovs in Samara: The History of Imperial Visits to the City]. <i>Pro Gorod Samara</i> (in Russian). April 22, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pro+Gorod+Samara&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%3A+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4&rft.date=2021-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprogorodsamara.ru%2Fnews%2Fview%2Fromanovy-v-samare-istoria-imperatorskih-vizitov-v-gorod%3Fysclid%3Dlyscolpxjl905639567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bh.org.il-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bh.org.il_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bh.org.il/jewish-community-samara-russia/">"The Jewish Community of Samara, Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Jewish_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of the Jewish People">Museum of the Jewish People</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Museum+of+the+Jewish+People&rft.atitle=The+Jewish+Community+of+Samara%2C+Russia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bh.org.il%2Fjewish-community-samara-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.ru/obschestvo/6445407">"В Самаре воссоздали одну из ключевых битв русско-турецкой войны 1877-1878 годов - ТАСС"</a> [One of the key battles of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 was recreated in Samara]. <i>TASS</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TASS&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%83+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B+1877-1878+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+-+%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.ru%2Fobschestvo%2F6445407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131026163652/http://regsamarh.ru/State_archival_institutions/Central_Archive/putevoditel/atd/#">"Краткая справка по истории административно-территориального деления Самарской губернии"</a> [Brief Information on the History of the Administrative-Territorial Division of the Samara Province]. <i>Administration of the State Archival Service of the Samara Region</i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://regsamarh.ru/State_archival_institutions/Central_Archive/putevoditel/atd/">the original</a> on October 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Administration+of+the+State+Archival+Service+of+the+Samara+Region&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fregsamarh.ru%2FState_archival_institutions%2FCentral_Archive%2Fputevoditel%2Fatd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell1942" class="citation news cs1">Powell, Gordon (May 2, 1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/11974382">"Kuibyshev and Why It Became the USSR Capital"</a>. <i>The Argus</i>. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2024</span> – via Trove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Argus&rft.atitle=Kuibyshev+and+Why+It+Became+the+USSR+Capital&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1942-05-02&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F11974382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagorski2007" class="citation book cs1">Nagorski, Andrew (2007). <i>The Greatest Battle: Stalin, Hitler, and the Desperate Struggle for Moscow That Changed the Course of World War II</i>. Simon & Schuster. pp. 165–166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-8110-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-8110-2"><bdi>978-0-7432-8110-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greatest+Battle%3A+Stalin%2C+Hitler%2C+and+the+Desperate+Struggle+for+Moscow+That+Changed+the+Course+of+World+War+II&rft.pages=165-166&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-8110-2&rft.aulast=Nagorski&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-city.old.webzavod.ru-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-city.old.webzavod.ru_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-city.old.webzavod.ru_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-city.old.webzavod.ru_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://city.old.webzavod.ru/en/">Home page | Home page | Samara City Administration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081206121128/http://city.old.webzavod.ru/en/">Archived</a> December 6, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-str1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-str1_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-str1_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-str1_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-str1_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-str1_31-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-str1_31-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Громилина Э. А., Самогоров В. А., Филиппов В. Д. Эволюция архитектурно-планировочной структуры Самары с конца XVIII по начало XXI веков // Innovative Project. — 2017. — Т. 2, № 3. — pp. 6—13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-str2-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-str2_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-str2_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-str2_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-str2_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-str2_32-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-str2_32-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-str2_32-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Веретенников Д. Б. Генезис компонентов планировочной структуры Самары с 1586 до 90-х годов XX века // Вестник СГАСУ, Градостроительство и Архитектура. — 2015. — № 3 (20), pp. 13—21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Самогоров В. А. От рабочих посёлков к социалистическому городу: развитие архитектурно-планировочной структуры Самары-Куйбышева в 1930–1950-е годы // Фундаментальные, поисковые и прикладные исследования Российской Академии архитектуры и строительных наук по научному обеспечению развития архитектуры, градостроительства и строительной отрасли Российской Федерации. – 2019, pp. 397–414.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pogoda-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pogoda_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/28900.htm">"Pogoda.ru.net"</a> (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pogoda.ru.net&rft.pub=Weather+and+Climate+%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pogodaiklimat.ru%2Fclimate%2F28900.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_II/RA/28900.TXT">"Kujbysev/Bezencuk (Samara) Climate Normals 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kujbysev%2FBezencuk+%28Samara%29+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2Fdata%2Fnormals%2FWMO%2F1961-1990%2FTABLES%2FREG_II%2FRA%2F28900.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OKATO2-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OKATO2_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=107426">Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 36 401</a>», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г..</span></span> (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=107426">Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 36 401</a></i>, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gordumasamara.ru/duma-gorodskogo-okruga-samara-vi-sozyva/?doing_wp_cron=1685666240.3209550380706787109375">"Дума городского округа Самара VI созыва"</a>. <i>gordumasamara.ru</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gordumasamara.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0+VI+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgordumasamara.ru%2Fduma-gorodskogo-okruga-samara-vi-sozyva%2F%3Fdoing_wp_cron%3D1685666240.3209550380706787109375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAleksushin1996" class="citation book cs1">Aleksushin, Gleb Vladimirovich (1996). <i>Самарские губернаторы</i>. Samara: Самарский Дом Печати. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9785735001515" title="Special:BookSources/9785735001515"><bdi>9785735001515</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B&rft.place=Samara&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9785735001515&rft.aulast=Aleksushin&rft.aufirst=Gleb+Vladimirovich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gordumasamara.ru/samarskaya-gorodskaya-duma-vii-sozyva/?doing_wp_cron=1685666421.8805959224700927734375">"Дума городского округа Самара VII созыва"</a>. <i>gordumasamara.ru</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gordumasamara.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0+VII+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgordumasamara.ru%2Fsamarskaya-gorodskaya-duma-vii-sozyva%2F%3Fdoing_wp_cron%3D1685666421.8805959224700927734375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gordumasamara.ru/news/sostoyalos-pervoe-zasedanie-dumy-samary-vii-sozyva/?doing_wp_cron=1685665586.2024118900299072265625">"Состоялось первое заседание Думы Самары VII созыва"</a>. <i>gordumasamara.ru</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gordumasamara.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B+VII+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgordumasamara.ru%2Fnews%2Fsostoyalos-pervoe-zasedanie-dumy-samary-vii-sozyva%2F%3Fdoing_wp_cron%3D1685665586.2024118900299072265625&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ВПН-2020-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ВПН-2020_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://63.rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/2.%20%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%201(11).xlsx">"Национальный состав населения"</a>. Территориальный органФедеральной службы государственной статистики по Самарской области<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D1%8B+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F63.rosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2F2.%2520%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B0%25201%2811%29.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/odihr/124739?download=true">RELIGIOUS FREEDOM CONCERNS IN RUSSIA: STATEMENT BY THE ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER OF JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES IN RUSSIA</a>, for the <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a> Human Dimension Implementation Meeting, Warsaw, 22 September to 3 October 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sova-center.ru/en/misuse/news-releases/2015/01/d31032/">Misuse of Anti-Extremism in November 2016</a>, <a href="/wiki/SOVA_Center" title="SOVA Center">SOVA Center</a> (December 12, 2016).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dvQ7AQAAIAAJ&q=%22Cosmic+Samara+%22">"Ekho planety"</a>. August 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ekho+planety&rft.date=2023-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdvQ7AQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522Cosmic%2BSamara%2B%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.site.com/">"Название страницы"</a>. <i>Название сайта</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.site.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/dec/07/russian-architecture-wiped-out-samara">"Concrete tsunami is wiping out Russian heritage, say architects"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. December 7, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Concrete+tsunami+is+wiping+out+Russian+heritage%2C+say+architects&rft.date=2009-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fdec%2F07%2Frussian-architecture-wiped-out-samara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icespeedway.co.uk/russia.html">"Russia"</a>. Icespeedway.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia&rft.pub=Icespeedway.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icespeedway.co.uk%2Frussia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.sctms.ru/training/school/20160704-10/travel/">"SCTMS » Travel"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SCTMS+%C2%BB+Travel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.sctms.ru%2Ftraining%2Fschool%2F20160704-10%2Ftravel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eng.rzd.ru/statice/public/en?STRUCTURE_ID=4331">Russian Railways: The History of Railways, 21st Century</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tosamara.ru/transport_nashego_goroda/">"Транспортный оператор Самары – Транспорт нашего города"</a>. <i>tosamara.ru</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tosamara.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B+%E2%80%93+%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftosamara.ru%2Ftransport_nashego_goroda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111114235526/http://www.pgsga.ru/academy/">"Об академии"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pgsga.ru/academy">the original</a> on November 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pgsga.ru%2Facademy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://samadm.ru/about/relations/international-company/">"Международные связи"</a>. <i>samadm.ru</i> (in Russian). Samara<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=samadm.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsamadm.ru%2Fabout%2Frelations%2Finternational-company%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Самарская Губернская Дума. №179-ГД 18 декабря 2006 г. «Устав Самарской области», в ред. Закона №6-ГД от 11 января 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав Самарской области». Вступил в силу 1 января 2007 г. Опубликован: "Волжская коммуна", №237 (25790), 20 декабря 2006 г.</span></span> (Samara Governorate Duma. #179-GD December 18, 2006 <i>Charter of Samara Oblast</i>, as amended by the Law #6-GD of January 11, 2016 <i>On Amending the Charter of Samara Oblast</i>. Effective as of January 1, 2007.).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Самарская Губернская Дума. Закон №189-ГД от 28 декабря 2004 г. «О наделении статусом городского округа и муниципального района муниципальных образований в Самарской области», в ред. Закона №23-ГД от 30 марта 2015 г. «Об осуществлении местного самоуправления на территории городского округа Самара Самарской области». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волжская коммуна", №247, 31 декабря 2004 г.</span></span> (Samara Governorate Duma. Law #189-GD of December 28, 2004 <i>On Granting the Status of Urban Okrug and Municipal District to the Municipal Formations in Samara Oblast</i>, as amended by the Law #23-GD of March 30, 2015 <i>On the Implementation of Local Self-Government on the Territory of Samara Urban Okrug of Samara Oblast</i>. Effective as of after ten days from the day of the official publication.).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Самарская Губернская Дума. Закон №23-ГД от 30 марта 2015 г. «Об осуществлении местного самоуправления на территории городского округа Самара Самарской области». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: Официальный сайт Правительства Самарской области, 30 марта 2015 г.</span></span> (Samara Governorate Duma. Law #23-GD of March 30, 2015 <i>On the Implementation of Local Self-Government on the Territory of Samara Urban Okrug of Samara Oblast</i>. Effective as of after ten days from the day of the official publication.).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Samara,_Russia#Bibliography" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Samara, Russia">Bibliography of the history of Samara</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samara&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Samara#Q894" class="extiw" title="voy:Samara">Samara</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Samara (town)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Samara_(town)">"Samara (town)" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 108.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Samara+%28town%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=108&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamara" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://city.samara.ru/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instagram.com/samaracity/">Samara city</a> on <a href="/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instagram (identifier)">Instagram</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_Samara_Oblast" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Samara_Oblast" title="Template:Samara Oblast"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Samara_Oblast" title="Template talk:Samara Oblast"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Samara_Oblast" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Samara Oblast"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Samara_Oblast" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Samara_Oblast" title="Administrative divisions of Samara Oblast">Administrative divisions of Samara Oblast</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">Administrative center</a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samara</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_localities_in_Samara_Oblast" title="List of rural localities in Samara Oblast">Rural localities</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexeyevsky_District,_Samara_Oblast" title="Alexeyevsky District, Samara Oblast">Alexeyevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezenchuksky_District" title="Bezenchuksky District">Bezenchuksky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogatovsky_District" title="Bogatovsky District">Bogatovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshechernigovsky_District" title="Bolshechernigovsky District">Bolshechernigovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsheglushitsky_District" title="Bolsheglushitsky District">Bolsheglushitsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsky_District,_Samara_Oblast" title="Borsky District, Samara Oblast">Borsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelno-Vershinsky_District" title="Chelno-Vershinsky District">Chelno-Vershinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaklinsky_District" title="Isaklinsky District">Isaklinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamyshlinsky_District" title="Kamyshlinsky District">Kamyshlinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khvorostyansky_District" title="Khvorostyansky District">Khvorostyansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinel-Cherkassky_District" title="Kinel-Cherkassky District">Kinel-Cherkassky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinelsky_District" title="Kinelsky District">Kinelsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klyavlinsky_District" title="Klyavlinsky District">Klyavlinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koshkinsky_District" title="Koshkinsky District">Koshkinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnoarmeysky_District,_Samara_Oblast" title="Krasnoarmeysky District, Samara Oblast">Krasnoarmeysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsky_District,_Samara_Oblast" title="Krasnoyarsky District, Samara Oblast">Krasnoyarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neftegorsky_District" title="Neftegorsky District">Neftegorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pestravsky_District" title="Pestravsky District">Pestravsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokhvistnevsky_District" title="Pokhvistnevsky District">Pokhvistnevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privolzhsky_District,_Samara_Oblast" title="Privolzhsky District, Samara Oblast">Privolzhsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergiyevsky_District" title="Sergiyevsky District">Sergiyevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shentalinsky_District" title="Shentalinsky District">Shentalinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigonsky_District" title="Shigonsky District">Shigonsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavropolsky_District" title="Stavropolsky District">Stavropolsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syzransky_District" title="Syzransky District">Syzransky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volzhsky_District,_Samara_Oblast" title="Volzhsky District, Samara Oblast">Volzhsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelkhovsky_District" title="Yelkhovsky District">Yelkhovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapayevsk" title="Chapayevsk">Chapayevsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinel" title="Kinel">Kinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neftegorsk,_Samara_Oblast" title="Neftegorsk, Samara Oblast">Neftegorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novokuybyshevsk" title="Novokuybyshevsk">Novokuybyshevsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktyabrsk" title="Oktyabrsk">Oktyabrsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otradny,_Samara_Oblast" title="Otradny, Samara Oblast">Otradny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokhvistnevo,_Samara_Oblast" title="Pokhvistnevo, Samara Oblast">Pokhvistnevo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syzran" title="Syzran">Syzran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolyatti" title="Tolyatti">Tolyatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhigulevsk" title="Zhigulevsk">Zhigulevsk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">Urban-type settlements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexeyevka,_Kinel,_Samara_Oblast" title="Alexeyevka, Kinel, Samara Oblast">Alexeyevka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasheyka" title="Balasheyka">Balasheyka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezenchuk" title="Bezenchuk">Bezenchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezhdurechensk,_Samara_Oblast" title="Mezhdurechensk, Samara Oblast">Mezhdurechensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirny,_Samara_Oblast" title="Mirny, Samara Oblast">Mirny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosemeykino" title="Novosemeykino">Novosemeykino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osinki,_Samara_Oblast" title="Osinki, Samara Oblast">Osinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petra_Dubrava" title="Petra Dubrava">Petra Dubrava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshchinsky,_Samara_Oblast" title="Roshchinsky, Samara Oblast">Roshchinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyshlyayevka" title="Smyshlyayevka">Smyshlyayevka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroykeramika" title="Stroykeramika">Stroykeramika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhodol,_Samara_Oblast" title="Sukhodol, Samara Oblast">Sukhodol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ust-Kinelsky" title="Ust-Kinelsky">Ust-Kinelsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volzhsky,_Samara_Oblast" title="Volzhsky, Samara Oblast">Volzhsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_Russia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitals_of_Russia" title="Template:Capitals of Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitals_of_Russia" title="Template talk:Capitals of Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals_of_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals of Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of Russia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Rus'">Ancient Rus'</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Staraya_Ladoga" title="Staraya Ladoga">Ladoga</a> (862–864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Novgorod</a> (864–882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> (882–1160s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a> (1160s–1320s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (1320s–1547)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (1547–1712)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a> (1712–1721)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a> (1721–1728; 1730–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (<i>de facto</i> 1728–1730)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrograd" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrograd">Petrograd</a> (1917)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Russia">Soviet Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrograd" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrograd">Petrograd</a> (1917–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (1918–1922)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (1922–1941)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kuybyshev</a> (1941–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (1943–1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (1991–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q894#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q894#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q894#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/82145067138666630463">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/133837478">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1262906/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJp9vxktJYpXBxkYwXqJDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4287642-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n92088205">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Samara (Rusko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130729&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX6117676">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007530800705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/afc021d0-d86e-4e4d-bace-c0c0c53c9580">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samara&oldid=1259237560">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samara&oldid=1259237560</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Samara,_Russia" title="Category:Samara, Russia">Samara, Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_1586" title="Category:Populated places established in 1586">Populated places established in 1586</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_on_the_Volga" title="Category:Populated places on the Volga">Populated places on the Volga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Samarsky_Uyezd" title="Category:Samarsky Uyezd">Samarsky Uyezd</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Russian-language_script_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)">CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:Articles with Russian-language sources (ru)">Articles with Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_image_map1_but_not_image_map" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map">Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_Russian_inhabited_locality_with_unknown_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox Russian inhabited locality with unknown parameters">Pages using infobox Russian inhabited locality with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Russian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Russian IPA">Pages with Russian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from November 2024">Articles lacking reliable references from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_May_2020" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2020">Articles needing additional references from May 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2011" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_interlanguage_link_with_the_wikidata_parameter" title="Category:Pages using interlanguage link with the wikidata parameter">Pages using interlanguage link with the wikidata parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2012" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2012">Use mdy dates from March 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 03:12<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samara&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-spfqk","wgBackendResponseTime":202,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_9a522566a5d8f2927f2af2cf984f503e1a85f849":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q894","properties":{"title":"Samara","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q894","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Samara"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.895","walltime":"2.302","ppvisitednodes":{"value":13573,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":301832,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":44328,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":31,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":27,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":198427,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":3,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2048.088 1 -total"," 40.14% 822.087 1 Template:Infobox_Russian_inhabited_locality"," 39.38% 806.559 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 34.76% 711.846 1 Template:Infobox"," 18.53% 379.419 20 Template:Wikidata"," 13.23% 270.985 2 Template:Reflist"," 7.61% 155.777 1 Template:Lang-rus"," 6.70% 137.171 7 Template:Lang"," 6.23% 127.604 1 Template:Language_with_name"," 6.06% 124.078 28 Template:Cite_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.173","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":36668258,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","440","31.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","18.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","160","11.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","7.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","80","5.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","60","4.3"],["init \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Date_validation\u003E","40","2.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","40","2.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","20","1.4"],["validateData \u003Cmw.lua:728\u003E","20","1.4"],["[others]","180","12.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-vwhw8","timestamp":"20241129020512","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Samara","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samara","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q894","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q894","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-17T13:41:08Z","dateModified":"2024-11-24T03:12:06Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f8\/Samara_P5171857_2200.jpg","headline":"city in Samara Oblast, Russia"}</script> </body> </html>