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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Den förkoloniala perioden</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Den_förkoloniala_perioden-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Den förkoloniala perioden</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Den_förkoloniala_perioden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Krönikor,_epos_och_legender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Krönikor,_epos_och_legender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Krönikor, epos och legender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Krönikor,_epos_och_legender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Den_koloniala_perioden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Den_koloniala_perioden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Den koloniala perioden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Den_koloniala_perioden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Självständighet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Självständighet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Självständighet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Självständighet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sri Lankas historia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 44 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7" title="تاريخ سريلانكا – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاريخ سريلانكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Sri_Lanka" title="Historia de Sri Lanka – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Historia de Sri Lanka" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="শ্রীলঙ্কার ইতিহাস – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শ্রীলঙ্কার ইতিহাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8B" title="Шри-Ланка тарихы – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шри-Ланка тарихы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%8B-%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Гісторыя Шры-Ланкі – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гісторыя Шры-Ланкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_de_Sri_Lanka" title="Història de Sri Lanka – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Història de Sri Lanka" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%9Bjiny_Sr%C3%AD_Lanky" title="Dějiny Srí Lanky – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dějiny Srí Lanky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanes_Sri_Lanca" title="Hanes Sri Lanca – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hanes Sri Lanca" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sri_Lanka" title="History of Sri Lanka – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="History of Sri Lanka" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Sri_Lanka" title="Historia de Sri Lanka – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia de Sri Lanka" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankako_historia" title="Sri Lankako historia – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sri Lankako historia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="تاریخ سری‌لانکا – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخ سری‌لانکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_du_Sri_Lanka" title="Histoire du Sri Lanka – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire du Sri Lanka" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%A6%AC%EB%9E%91%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="스리랑카의 역사 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스리랑카의 역사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D6%80%D5%AB_%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Շրի Լանկայի պատմություն – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շրի Լանկայի պատմություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="श्रीलंका का इतिहास – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="श्रीलंका का इतिहास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio_di_Sri-Lanka" title="Historio di Sri-Lanka – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Historio di Sri-Lanka" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Sri_Lanka" title="Sejarah Sri Lanka – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sejarah Sri Lanka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia_dello_Sri_Lanka" title="Storia dello Sri Lanka – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Storia dello Sri Lanka" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8" title="ಶ್ರೀಲಂಕಾದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶ್ರೀಲಂಕಾದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98-%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="შრი-ლანკის ისტორია – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შრი-ლანკის ისტორია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ri_Lankos_istorija" title="Šri Lankos istorija – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šri Lankos istorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sr%C3%AD_Lanka_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nelme" title="Srí Lanka történelme – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Srí Lanka történelme" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ശ്രീലങ്കയുടെ ചരിത്രം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശ്രീലങ്കയുടെ ചരിത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Sri_Lanka" title="Sejarah Sri Lanka – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sejarah Sri Lanka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Sri_Lanka" title="Geschiedenis van Sri Lanka – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geschiedenis van Sri Lanka" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="श्रीलङ्काको इतिहास – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="श्रीलङ्काको इतिहास" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="श्रीलङ्काया इतिहास – newariska" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="श्रीलङ्काया इतिहास" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2" title="スリランカの歴史 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スリランカの歴史" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankas_historie" title="Sri Lankas historie – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sri Lankas historie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria_de_Sri_Lanka" title="Istòria de Sri Lanka – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Istòria de Sri Lanka" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8" title="ଶ୍ରୀଲଙ୍କାର ଇତିହାସ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଶ୍ରୀଲଙ୍କାର ଇତିହାସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_do_Sri_Lanka" title="História do Sri Lanka – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="História do Sri Lanka" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="История Шри-Ланки – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="История Шри-Ланки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA" title="ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාසය – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාසය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sri_Lanka" title="History of Sri Lanka – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="History of Sri Lanka" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="مێژووی سریلانکا – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مێژووی سریلانکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istorija_%C5%A0ri_Lanke" title="Istorija Šri Lanke – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Istorija Šri Lanke" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankan_historia" title="Sri Lankan historia – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sri Lankan historia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="இலங்கையின் வரலாறு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலங்கையின் வரலாறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="ประวัติศาสตร์ศรีลังกา – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประวัติศาสตร์ศรีลังกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%96-%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Історія Шрі-Ланки – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Історія Шрі-Ланки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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/></a><figcaption>Karta från 1482</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lankas</a> <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">historia</a></b> sträcker sig långt bak i tiden från den förhistorisk neolitiska Balangodamänniskan omkring 100 000 år sedan, till den protohistoriska perioden som skildras i den första skrivna källorna från 300-talet f. Kr. Ön har befolkats i omgångar ifrån Indien och ca 250 f. Kr. kom buddhismen, som haft och har en stark inverkan på kulturen, till ön. </p><p>Från 1500-talet anlände europeiska kolonisatörer i omgångar. Portugiserna anlände 1505 och tog kontroll över kanelhandeln som arabiska köpmän kontrollerat. 1658 tog Nederländerna kontroll över besittningarna på Sri Lanka samtidigt som de ökade kanelodlingarna och kryddexporten från ön. Britterna ockuperade 1795–96 besittningarna och 1802 gjordes dessa till kronkoloni. Först 1815-1818 hade britterna fått kontroll över hela Sri Lanka med dess innersta delar och den singalesiska huvudstaden <a href="/wiki/Kandy" title="Kandy">Kandy</a>. Efter andra världskriget krävde nationalisterna på Sri Lanka oavhängighet, och 1948 blev Sri Lanka självständigt.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Förhistoria"><span id="F.C3.B6rhistoria"></span>Förhistoria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Förhistoria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Förhistoria"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ön Sri Lanka utgör en geologisk förlängning av subkontinenten Indien. Sri Lanka tros ha haft landförbindelse med Indien<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som kan ha blivit offer för stigande vatten runt år 5000 f. Kr..<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arkeologiska fynd antyder att ön blev befolkad tidigt av människor, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4gare_och_samlare" class="mw-redirect" title="Jägare och samlare">jägare och samlare</a> med ganska grova stenverktyg, för 75 000 till 125 000 år sedan.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Genom kategorisering av stenverktyg har tre distinkta perioder kunnat identifieras den paleolitiska, den mesolitiska och den neolitiska. Balangodamänniskan <i>(Homo sapiens balangodensis</i>) har fått sitt namn efter området <a href="/wiki/Balangoda_(ort_i_Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balangoda (ort i Sri Lanka)">Balangonda</a><sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> där fyndplatsen Batadombalena-grottan ligger.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I Fa Hien-grottan har mellan 33 000 år och 4750 år gamla fynd hittats. Det tidigaste fynden i Fa Hine-grottan tillhör den sena paleolitiska perioden (samtida med <a href="/wiki/Cromagnonm%C3%A4nniskan" title="Cromagnonmänniskan">Cro Magnon-människan</a>) och de yngsta tillhör den neolitiska perioden. Skelettfynden visar på ett gravskick med en sekundär begravning efter det att kroppen utsatts för elementen och när endast skeletten återstått. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fynden utgör de äldsta säkert daterade fynden av anatomiskt moderna människor i södra Asien.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vilka folk som först kom till ön är omdebatterat, och det kan vara så att invandrings skedde i flera vågor. Folkgruppen <a href="/wiki/Veddafolket" title="Veddafolket">vedda</a> utgör en rest av ett av Sri Lankas tidiga folk.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stenåldersfynd på Sri Lanka har anmärkningsvärda likheter med fynden på det indiska fastlandet. <sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under tidig järnålder började en bosättning vid Anuradhapura på norra Sri Lanka växa till,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och under tiden 700 till 500 f.Kr. omfattade <a href="/wiki/Anuradhapura" title="Anuradhapura">Anuradhapura</a> ett område på 5 000 km<sup>2</sup> och finns det skäl att tro att det vid den tiden var Sri Lankas främsta bosättning.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Batadombalena.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Fa Hien-grottans mynning"><img alt="Fa Hien-grottans mynning" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Batadombalena.JPG/300px-Batadombalena.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Batadombalena.JPG/451px-Batadombalena.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Batadombalena.JPG/600px-Batadombalena.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1306" data-file-height="979" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fa Hien-grottans mynning</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Batadombalena_archaeological_sites.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="I Fa Hien-grottan"><img alt="I Fa Hien-grottan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Batadombalena_archaeological_sites.JPG/300px-Batadombalena_archaeological_sites.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Batadombalena_archaeological_sites.JPG/451px-Batadombalena_archaeological_sites.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Batadombalena_archaeological_sites.JPG/600px-Batadombalena_archaeological_sites.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1306" data-file-height="979" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">I Fa Hien-grottan</div> </li> </ul> <p>Under perioden 500-talet till 300-talet f.Kr. invandrade indoarier som talade en tidig form av singalesiska i samband med <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">buddhistisk</a> missionsverksamhet.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Den_förkoloniala_perioden"><span id="Den_f.C3.B6rkoloniala_perioden"></span>Den förkoloniala perioden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Den förkoloniala perioden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Den förkoloniala perioden"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enligt krönikan <a href="/wiki/Mahavamsa" title="Mahavamsa">Mahavamsa</a> grundade Pandukabhaya kungadömet Anuradhapura på 300-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under 200-talet f.Kr. hade Anuradhapura vuxit till och buddhismen antogs av stadens härskare sedan den indiska kejsaren <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> skickat missionärer ca 250 f.Kr.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En mission som enligt singalesisk tradition leddes av Mahendra, som beskrivs som <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashokas</a> son.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den singalesiska kungen Devanampiya Tissa anammade buddhismen och skänkte mark, främst i Anuradhapura, samt lät uppföra kloster för munkar som nunnor.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bland annat grundade han klostret Mahavihara, som blev det religiösa centret för theravadabuddismen. <sup id="cite_ref-:6_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manhendras syster Sanghamitta förde med sig ett bodhiträd som sägs vara en avläggare av det träd under vilket Buddha nådde upplysning. Med detta blev buddhismen etablerad på Sri Lanka och med tiden den främsta. Andra religioner som jainism och hinduism fanns dock parallellt.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under 100-talet e.Kr. började anlades avancerade bevattningssystem anläggas runt staden<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som möjliggjorde ett intensivt jordbruk i omgivningarna.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Från 700-talet kom arabiska köpmän, som kontrollerade kryddhandeln.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anuradhapura var ett starkt kulturellt och religiöst centrum<sup id="cite_ref-:6_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fram till 993 e. Kr. då staden övergavs<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> efter det att <a href="/wiki/Chola" title="Chola">Cholariket</a> invaderat kungadömet och även anslutit Rajarata, den norra och centrala delen av Sri Lanka. 1017 lade Cholariket lag under sig även den södra provinsen, Ruhuna.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cholariket ockuperade Sri Lanka fram till 1070 då den singalesiska styre återupprättades av Vijayabahu som flyttade huvudstaden österut till det mer lättförsvarade <a href="/wiki/Polonnaruwa" title="Polonnaruwa">Polonnaruwa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under det senare 1100-talet enades Sri Lanka under en blomstringsperiod. Men de följande fyra hundra åren innebar en nedgångsperiod med inbördeskrig och bevattningsanläggningar som förföll och övergavs <sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mellan 200-talet f.Kr. och ca 1200 e.Kr bosatte sig tamiltalande folkgrupper på norra Sri Lanka.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ett tamilskt kungarike runt Jaffna hade sin storhetstid på 1300-talet och i början av 1400-talet. Singaleserna flyttade till de sydvästra delarna av Sri Lanka. I mellersta Sri Lanka bildades ett kungarike kring <a href="/wiki/Kandy" title="Kandy">Kandy</a> under 1480-talet, det sista singalesiska kungadömet, som bestod i mer än 300 år och var centrum för buddhismen.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Jaya_Sri_Maha_Bodhi_15.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Boditräd i Anuradhapura"><img alt="Boditräd i Anuradhapura" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Jaya_Sri_Maha_Bodhi_15.JPG/300px-Jaya_Sri_Maha_Bodhi_15.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Jaya_Sri_Maha_Bodhi_15.JPG/451px-Jaya_Sri_Maha_Bodhi_15.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Jaya_Sri_Maha_Bodhi_15.JPG/600px-Jaya_Sri_Maha_Bodhi_15.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Boditräd i Anuradhapura</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:20160124_Sri_Lanka_3737_Polonnaruwa_sRGB_(25144249353).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bassäng i Polonnaruwa"><img alt="Bassäng i Polonnaruwa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/20160124_Sri_Lanka_3737_Polonnaruwa_sRGB_%2825144249353%29.jpg/300px-20160124_Sri_Lanka_3737_Polonnaruwa_sRGB_%2825144249353%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/20160124_Sri_Lanka_3737_Polonnaruwa_sRGB_%2825144249353%29.jpg/451px-20160124_Sri_Lanka_3737_Polonnaruwa_sRGB_%2825144249353%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/20160124_Sri_Lanka_3737_Polonnaruwa_sRGB_%2825144249353%29.jpg/600px-20160124_Sri_Lanka_3737_Polonnaruwa_sRGB_%2825144249353%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bassäng i Polonnaruwa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Dalada_Maligawa_Sri_Lanka_E.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tandtemplet i Kandy"><img alt="Tandtemplet i Kandy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Dalada_Maligawa_Sri_Lanka_E.jpg/339px-Dalada_Maligawa_Sri_Lanka_E.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Dalada_Maligawa_Sri_Lanka_E.jpg/509px-Dalada_Maligawa_Sri_Lanka_E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Dalada_Maligawa_Sri_Lanka_E.jpg/677px-Dalada_Maligawa_Sri_Lanka_E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tandtemplet i Kandy</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Krönikor,_epos_och_legender"><span id="Kr.C3.B6nikor.2C_epos_och_legender"></span>Krönikor, epos och legender</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Krönikor, epos och legender" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Krönikor, epos och legender"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dipavamsa (’Öns historia’) är Sri Lankas äldsta krönika. Krönikan omfattar 22 kapitel och skildrar buddhan Shakyamunis tre besök på ön, kung Ashokas missionsverksamhet och tre buddhistiska koncilier fram till kung Mahasena i början av 300-talet e.Kr. Den tros ha nedtecknats under 300-talets andra hälft. Vissa verser är oklara, andra har karaktär av minnesverser. <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mahavamsa" title="Mahavamsa">Mahavamsa</a> (’den stora historiekrönikan’) är lankesisk historiekrönika som sannolikt nedtecknades på 400-talet e.Kr.. Den bearbetades senare för att täcka utvecklingen fram till britternas ankomst 1815.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Enligt den hinduistiska traditionen invaderade <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a>, hjälten i eposet <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a> Sri Lanka med hjälp av <a href="/wiki/Adamsbron" title="Adamsbron">Admamsbron</a> som han anlagt för att kunna rädda sin fru <a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a> som var bortrövad till Sri Lanka. Enligt en islamisk legend gick Adam över bron till Adam’s Peak<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 93.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 91.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Emperor_Ashoka_and_his_Queen_at_the_Deer_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kung Ashoka med drottning"><img alt="Kung Ashoka med drottning" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emperor_Ashoka_and_his_Queen_at_the_Deer_Park.jpg/137px-Emperor_Ashoka_and_his_Queen_at_the_Deer_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emperor_Ashoka_and_his_Queen_at_the_Deer_Park.jpg/206px-Emperor_Ashoka_and_his_Queen_at_the_Deer_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emperor_Ashoka_and_his_Queen_at_the_Deer_Park.jpg/275px-Emperor_Ashoka_and_his_Queen_at_the_Deer_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="1096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kung Ashoka med drottning</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 219.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:The_Monkeys_and_Bears_Build_a_Bridge_to_Lanka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hinduistiskt brobygge till Sri Lanka"><img alt="Hinduistiskt brobygge till Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/The_Monkeys_and_Bears_Build_a_Bridge_to_Lanka.jpg/326px-The_Monkeys_and_Bears_Build_a_Bridge_to_Lanka.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/The_Monkeys_and_Bears_Build_a_Bridge_to_Lanka.jpg/489px-The_Monkeys_and_Bears_Build_a_Bridge_to_Lanka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/The_Monkeys_and_Bears_Build_a_Bridge_to_Lanka.jpg/651px-The_Monkeys_and_Bears_Build_a_Bridge_to_Lanka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="862" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hinduistiskt brobygge till Sri Lanka</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 107.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 105.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hanuman_finds_Sita_in_the_ashoka_grove,_and_shows_her_Rama%27s_ring.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hanuman finner Sita"><img alt="Hanuman finner Sita" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hanuman_finds_Sita_in_the_ashoka_grove%2C_and_shows_her_Rama%27s_ring.jpg/158px-Hanuman_finds_Sita_in_the_ashoka_grove%2C_and_shows_her_Rama%27s_ring.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hanuman_finds_Sita_in_the_ashoka_grove%2C_and_shows_her_Rama%27s_ring.jpg/238px-Hanuman_finds_Sita_in_the_ashoka_grove%2C_and_shows_her_Rama%27s_ring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hanuman_finds_Sita_in_the_ashoka_grove%2C_and_shows_her_Rama%27s_ring.jpg/317px-Hanuman_finds_Sita_in_the_ashoka_grove%2C_and_shows_her_Rama%27s_ring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="652" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hanuman finner Sita</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Den_koloniala_perioden">Den koloniala perioden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Den koloniala perioden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Den koloniala perioden"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="font-style:italic; ;"> <dl><dd>Se även: <a href="/wiki/Brittiska_Ceylon" title="Brittiska Ceylon">Brittiska Ceylon</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Portugiserna, ledda av Lourenço de Almeida, landsteg i <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a> 1505 och togs väl emot av kungen av Kotte, Vira Parakrama Bahu. Portugiserna återvände och fick 1518 bygga ett fort i Colombo och ägna sig åt handel. 1521 dödades kungen av sina tre söner som sedan delade upp Sri Lanka i tre riken. Bröderna började strida sinsemellan. Den äldste brodern, Bhuvanaika Bahu, som hade sitt säte i Kotte, allierade sig med portugiserna. Brodern Mayadunne, kung av Sitawake, allierade sig med <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> i Indien. Kungariket Kotte blev allt mer beroende av militär hjälp från portugiserna som 1543 fick ansvar för rikets försvar som i utbyte fick privilegier och inkomster från Sri Lankas kanelhandel. Dharmapala blev riket Kottes sista kung, vid hans död 1597 tog portugiserna formellt över kontrollen över riket.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1619 annekterade portugiserna det tamilska Jaffnariket och i och med detta hade det kontroll över Sri Lankas kust.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den portugisiska tiden kännetecknas intensiv katolsk missionärsverksamhet.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Portugiserna försökte ta kontrollen över det singalesiska kungariket Kandy i bergen på central Sri Lanka 1594. Vimala Dharma Surya drog fördel av antiportugisiska stämningar och lyckades tillskansa sig kungamakten i Kandy. Kungen av Kandy allierade sig med Nederländerna i kampen mot portugiserna. Nederländarna utlovades stora handelsprivilegier i utbyte mot skydd mot portugiserna i ett avtal 1638. Nederländerna vann mark, men en ett krigsstillestånd i Europa fick avancemanget att avstanna temporärt. 1645 bröt istället ut mellan Kandy och Nederländerna, ett krig som fick sitt slut 1649. 1656 fördrev Nederländerna portugiserna från Colombo och något senare resten av Sri Lanka . Samtidigt stängdes kungen av Kandy ute från Colombo och hänvisades till kungadömet i bergen.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nederländerna delade in Sri Lanka i tre administrativa områden: Colombo, Galle och Jaffna.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De anlade kanelodlingar och ökade exporten av kryddor. <sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1795-96 ockuperade britterna området och 1802 gjordes området till en kronkoloni. Britterna erövrade Sri Lankas centrala områden inklusive den singalesiska huvudstaden <a href="/wiki/Kandy" title="Kandy">Kandy</a> 1815-18 och hade därmed kontrollen över hela ön. Britterna anlade stora kaffeodlingar och stora skogsområden skövlades. Kaffeplantorna angreps av rostsvamp, och det gjorde att te istället blev den huvudsakliga grödan. Exportvarorna te och gummi odlades på bekostnad av ris. Banker, handel och sjöfart kontrollerades av britterna som också införde ett domstolsväsende, byggde vägar och skolor. Industrivaror konkurrerade delvis ut hantverket på ön. I norr utnyttjade många lankesiska tamiler möjligheterna till utbildning och arbeten hos britterna, medan arbetarna på teplanteringarna i huvudsak utgjordes av sydindier (indiska tamiler).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En nationalistisk rörelse växte fram och 1919 grundades Ceylon National Congress vars ledare tillhörde den engelskspråkiga eliten. 1932 hölls allmänna val, och 1948 blev Sri Lanka självständigt, men blev kvar i Brittiska samväldet.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 177.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 175.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Colombo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Colombo 1744"><img alt="Colombo 1744" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Colombo.jpg/263px-Colombo.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Colombo.jpg/395px-Colombo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Colombo.jpg/526px-Colombo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="623" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Colombo 1744</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:V.M._Doroshevich-East_and_War-Sacred_Procession_in_Kandy.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Religiös procession i Kandy"><img alt="Religiös procession i Kandy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/V.M._Doroshevich-East_and_War-Sacred_Procession_in_Kandy.png/327px-V.M._Doroshevich-East_and_War-Sacred_Procession_in_Kandy.png" decoding="async" width="218" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/V.M._Doroshevich-East_and_War-Sacred_Procession_in_Kandy.png/491px-V.M._Doroshevich-East_and_War-Sacred_Procession_in_Kandy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/V.M._Doroshevich-East_and_War-Sacred_Procession_in_Kandy.png/654px-V.M._Doroshevich-East_and_War-Sacred_Procession_in_Kandy.png 2x" data-file-width="3222" data-file-height="2219" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Religiös procession i Kandy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mantri_Manai_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Palats i Jaffna"><img alt="Palats i Jaffna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Mantri_Manai_%28cropped%29.JPG/300px-Mantri_Manai_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Mantri_Manai_%28cropped%29.JPG/451px-Mantri_Manai_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Mantri_Manai_%28cropped%29.JPG/600px-Mantri_Manai_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palats i <a href="/wiki/Jaffna" title="Jaffna">Jaffna</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Galle_seaside.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fortet i Galle"><img alt="Fortet i Galle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Galle_seaside.jpg/338px-Galle_seaside.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Galle_seaside.jpg/507px-Galle_seaside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Galle_seaside.jpg/675px-Galle_seaside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fortet i <a href="/wiki/Galle" title="Galle">Galle</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Självständighet"><span id="Sj.C3.A4lvst.C3.A4ndighet"></span>Självständighet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Självständighet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Självständighet"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under det årtiondet efter självständigheten 1948 etablerades ett livskraftigt tvåpartisystem med det konservativa <i><a href="/wiki/United_National_Party" title="United National Party">United National Party</a></i> (UNP) och det vänsterorienterade <i><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankas_frihetsparti" title="Sri Lankas frihetsparti">Sri Lanka Freedom Party</a></i> (SLFP). Rättsväsendet var oberoende och respekterat och armén hölls sig borta ifrån politiken. Partiernas maktkamp hade dock utnyttjat etniska motsättningar mellan singalesiska buddhister och tamilska hinduer. Den brittiska administrationen hade dominerats av tamiler, men efter självständigheten blev tamilerna (i norr och öster) alltmer utestängda från makten. 1956 blev singalesiskan det officiella språket och buddhism och singalesiska vann fördelar i grundlagen från 1972. Allt till nackdel för tamilerna. Tamilerna fick under 1970-talet lägre kvoter för högre studier. Detta väckte krav från tamilerna på en egen tamilstat. Tamilska nationalistiska partier bildade och en väpnad grupp tog 1976 namnet Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) - de <a href="/wiki/Tamilska_befrielsetigrarna" title="Tamilska befrielsetigrarna">Tamilska tigrarna</a>. Efter sporadiska sammanstötningar utbröt inbördeskrig 1983 efter det att LTTE attackerat en militärpatrull och där armén svarat med våldsam förföljelse av den tamilska befolkningen. Indien medlade fram ett fredsavtal 1987, men gerillan tog till vapen mot den indiska styrka som sänts till ön för att övervaka att LTTE avväpnades. 1990 lämnade den indiska styrkan Sri Lanka.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under slutet av 1960-talet bildades den vänsterextremistiska studentrörelsen <i>Folkets befrielsefront</i> (JVP). De försökte 1971 göra revolution och upproret slog brutalt ner av armén med minst 15 000 dödsoffer. Under 1980-talet utvecklades rörelsen singalesisk-nationalistisk riktning och tog till våld i protest mot upplevda eftergifte gentemot LTTE. Under slutet av 1980-talet dödades tiotusentals människor i konflikten. Under slutet av 1990-talet vann JVP framgångar i allmänna val på grund av en allt svårare situation för landets fattiga.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1994 vann SLFP efter 17 års UNP-styre. <a href="/wiki/Chandrika_Kumaratunga" title="Chandrika Kumaratunga">Chandrika Kumaratunga</a> blev president med löften om fred med tamilerna. Trots detta ökade kriget i styrka med ett skyttegravskrig fram till 2002 där armén sakta tog kontroll över de tamilska områdena och gerillan genomförde politiska mord och självmordsattentat. Norska medling resulterade i vapenvila 2002 och fredsförhandlingar inleddes. Men efter ett halvår avbröt geillan förhandlingarna och regeringen avslutade fredsprocessen. I december 2004 drabbades Sri Lanka av flodvågskatastrofen och 30 000 lankeser omkom. Bristfälliga satsningar på återuppbyggnad spädde på den tamilska bitterheten. Med <a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Mahinda Rajapaksa</a> som president från november 2005 hårdnade den politiska tonen och våldet ökade. Från senare delen av 2006 blossade kriget upp på nytt och hundratusentals tamiler drevs på flykt. Från 2008 fick armén ett tydligt övertag och mars 2009 hade alla tamilska fästen erövrats och gerillan omringats. Den 19 maj 2009 dödades LTTE-ledaren Veluppilai <a href="/wiki/Velupillai_Prabhakaran" title="Velupillai Prabhakaran">Veluppilai Prabhakaran</a> och regeringen förklarade kriget avslutat. Segern gjorde Rajapaksa populär bland stora delar av befolkningen. Efter en valseger 2010 fick hans parti, Förenade folkets frihetsallians (UPFA), egen majoritet i parlamentet. Hans alltmer auktoritära styre ledde dock till att han förlorade i det presidentval som hölls i januari 2015. I dag styrs landet av president <a href="/wiki/Maithripala_Sirisena" title="Maithripala Sirisena">Maithripala Sirisena</a> från UNP. <sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hundratals människor dödades och skadades då flera självmordsbombare slog till mot kyrkor och hotell i huvudstaden Colombo med omgivning på påskdagen i april 2019 (<a href="/wiki/Bombningarna_i_Sri_Lanka_under_p%C3%A5sken_2019" title="Bombningarna i Sri Lanka under påsken 2019">Bombningarna i Sri Lanka under påsken 2019</a>). Attentaten chockade lankeserna som levt i relativt lugn sedan det blodiga och brutala inbördeskriget 1983-2009.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den före detta försvarsministern Gotabhaya Rajapaksa från partiet SLPP segrade i presidentvalet i november 2019 efter en valrörelse som han ägnade helt åt säkerhetsfrågor. Rajapaksa är en kontroversiell person, i synnerhet i väst, eftersom han anklagats för såväl krigsförbrytelser som förskingring. Efter valsegern utsåg president Rajapaksa sin bror, expresident Mahinda Rajapaksa, till premiärminister för en övergångsregering. Brödernas tandemstyre befästes när SLPP vann en stor seger i parlamentsvalet i augusti 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inb%C3%B6rdeskriget_i_Sri_Lanka" title="Inbördeskriget i Sri Lanka">Inbördeskriget i Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamilska_befrielsetigrarna" title="Tamilska befrielsetigrarna">Tamilska befrielsetigrarna</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 109.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 107.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Chandrika_Bandaranaike_Kumaratunga_As_The_President_of_Sri_Lanka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="President Chandrika Kumaratunga"><img alt="President Chandrika Kumaratunga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Chandrika_Bandaranaike_Kumaratunga_As_The_President_of_Sri_Lanka.jpg/161px-Chandrika_Bandaranaike_Kumaratunga_As_The_President_of_Sri_Lanka.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Chandrika_Bandaranaike_Kumaratunga_As_The_President_of_Sri_Lanka.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="186" data-file-height="259" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">President Chandrika Kumaratunga</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 239.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 237.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Tsunami_26-12-2004_-_Kallady,_Batticaloa.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tsunamin 2004"><img alt="Tsunamin 2004" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tsunami_26-12-2004_-_Kallady%2C_Batticaloa.JPG/356px-Tsunami_26-12-2004_-_Kallady%2C_Batticaloa.JPG" decoding="async" width="238" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tsunami_26-12-2004_-_Kallady%2C_Batticaloa.JPG/534px-Tsunami_26-12-2004_-_Kallady%2C_Batticaloa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tsunami_26-12-2004_-_Kallady%2C_Batticaloa.JPG/711px-Tsunami_26-12-2004_-_Kallady%2C_Batticaloa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1266" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tsunamin 2004</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 124px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 122px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mahinda_Rajapaksa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="President Mahinda Rajapaksa"><img alt="President Mahinda Rajapaksa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mahinda_Rajapaksa.jpg/183px-Mahinda_Rajapaksa.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Mahinda_Rajapaksa.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="327" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">President Mahinda Rajapaksa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Tamil_Tiger_women_at_war.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="LTTE-soldater 2007"><img alt="LTTE-soldater 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tamil_Tiger_women_at_war.jpg/337px-Tamil_Tiger_women_at_war.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tamil_Tiger_women_at_war.jpg/506px-Tamil_Tiger_women_at_war.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tamil_Tiger_women_at_war.jpg/674px-Tamil_Tiger_women_at_war.jpg 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="595" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">LTTE-soldater 2007</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Maithripala_Sirisena_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="President Maithripala Sirisena"><img alt="President Maithripala Sirisena" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Maithripala_Sirisena_%28cropped%29.jpg/169px-Maithripala_Sirisena_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Maithripala_Sirisena_%28cropped%29.jpg/253px-Maithripala_Sirisena_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Maithripala_Sirisena_%28cropped%29.jpg/337px-Maithripala_Sirisena_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">President Maithripala Sirisena</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-5"><small>f</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-6"><small>g</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-7"><small>h</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-8"><small>i</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-9"><small>j</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-10"><small>k</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-11"><small>l</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-12"><small>m</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/sri-lanka">”Sri Lanka - Uppslagsverk - NE”</a>. <i><span>www.ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/sri-lanka">http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/sri-lanka</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Sri+Lanka+-+Uppslagsverk+-+NE&rft.atitle=www.ne.se&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Fsri-lanka&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-5"><small>f</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-6"><small>g</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-7"><small>h</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-8"><small>i</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-9"><small>j</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-10"><small>k</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-11"><small>l</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Sri-Lanka/History">”Sri Lanka - History | history - geography”</a> (på engelska). <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Sri-Lanka/History">https://www.britannica.com/place/Sri-Lanka/History</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sri+Lanka+-+History+%7C+history+-+geography&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FSri-Lanka%2FHistory&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-3">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFPlanet">Planet, Lonely. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914160119/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/sri-lanka/history">”History of Sri Lanka - Lonely Planet Travel Information”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.lonelyplanet.com</span></i>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lonelyplanet.com/sri-lanka/history">originalet</a> den 14 september 2017<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914160119/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/sri-lanka/history">https://web.archive.org/web/20170914160119/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/sri-lanka/history</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 12 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=History+of+Sri+Lanka+-+Lonely+Planet+Travel+Information&rft.atitle=www.lonelyplanet.com&rft.aulast=Planet&rft.aufirst=Lonely&rft.au=Planet%2C+Lonely&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170914160119%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fsri-lanka%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-4"><a href="#cite_ref-:4_4-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171004024401/https://www.archaeology.lk/5096">”Prehistory of Sri Lanka 1 : the beginning of a long journey”</a> (på amerikansk engelska). <i>Sri Lanka Archaeology</i>. 9 mars 2017. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archaeology.lk/5096">originalet</a> den 4 oktober 2017<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171004024401/https://www.archaeology.lk/5096">https://web.archive.org/web/20171004024401/https://www.archaeology.lk/5096</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 15 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prehistory+of+Sri+Lanka+1+%3A+the+beginning+of+a+long+journey&rft.jtitle=Sri+Lanka+Archaeology&rft.date=9+mars+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20171004024401%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeology.lk%2F5096&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2017/04/09/travel/batadombalena-cave-%E2%80%98balangoda-man%E2%80%99s-home">”Batadombalena cave: ‘Balangoda Man’s home”</a>. <i>Sunday Observer</i>. 7 april 2017<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2017/04/09/travel/batadombalena-cave-%E2%80%98balangoda-man%E2%80%99s-home">http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2017/04/09/travel/batadombalena-cave-%E2%80%98balangoda-man%E2%80%99s-home</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Batadombalena+cave%3A+%E2%80%98Balangoda+Man%E2%80%99s+home&rft.jtitle=Sunday+Observer&rft.date=7+april+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sundayobserver.lk%2F2017%2F04%2F09%2Ftravel%2Fbatadombalena-cave-%25E2%2580%2598balangoda-man%25E2%2580%2599s-home&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBirx2005">Birx, H. James (2005-12-08) (på engelska). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.se/books?id=R2Y5DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA941&lpg=PA941&dq=Fa+Hien+Cave&source=bl&ots=rnmkQvM4BC&sig=mLbuwOiacNc_n3Je90nyxiRYIgQ&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjwlaW4nKnWAhUCIJoKHdqQD7s4ChDoAQhHMAQ#v=onepage&q=Fa%20Hien%20Cave&f=false">Encyclopedia of Anthropology</a></i>. SAGE. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9780761930297" title="Special:Bokkällor/9780761930297">ISBN 9780761930297</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.se/books?id=R2Y5DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA941&lpg=PA941&dq=Fa+Hien+Cave&source=bl&ots=rnmkQvM4BC&sig=mLbuwOiacNc_n3Je90nyxiRYIgQ&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjwlaW4nKnWAhUCIJoKHdqQD7s4ChDoAQhHMAQ#v=onepage&q=Fa%20Hien%20Cave&f=false">https://books.google.se/books?id=R2Y5DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA941&lpg=PA941&dq=Fa+Hien+Cave&source=bl&ots=rnmkQvM4BC&sig=mLbuwOiacNc_n3Je90nyxiRYIgQ&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjwlaW4nKnWAhUCIJoKHdqQD7s4ChDoAQhHMAQ#v=onepage&q=Fa%20Hien%20Cave&f=false</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 september 2017</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Anthropology&rft.aulast=Birx&rft.aufirst=H.+James&rft.au=Birx%2C+H.+James&rft.date=2005-12-08&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.isbn=9780761930297&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.se%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR2Y5DQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA941%26lpg%3DPA941%26dq%3DFa%2BHien%2BCave%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DrnmkQvM4BC%26sig%3DmLbuwOiacNc_n3Je90nyxiRYIgQ%26hl%3Dsv%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjwlaW4nKnWAhUCIJoKHdqQD7s4ChDoAQhHMAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DFa%2520Hien%2520Cave%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2016/10/30/depth/trail-balangoda-human">”On the trail of the Balangoda human”</a>. <i>Sunday Observer</i>. 29 oktober 2016<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2016/10/30/depth/trail-balangoda-human">http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2016/10/30/depth/trail-balangoda-human</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 15 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=On+the+trail+of+the+Balangoda+human&rft.jtitle=Sunday+Observer&rft.date=29+oktober+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sundayobserver.lk%2F2016%2F10%2F30%2Fdepth%2Ftrail-balangoda-human&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.dailynews.lk/2009/03/02/fea31.asp">”Features | Online edition of Daily News - Lakehouse Newspapers”</a>. <i><span>archives.dailynews.lk</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://archives.dailynews.lk/2009/03/02/fea31.asp">http://archives.dailynews.lk/2009/03/02/fea31.asp</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Features+%7C+Online+edition+of+Daily+News+-+Lakehouse+Newspapers&rft.atitle=archives.dailynews.lk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.dailynews.lk%2F2009%2F03%2F02%2Ffea31.asp&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dro.dur.ac.uk/14500/1/14500.pdf?DDD6+drk3mjm+d700tmt">”Archaeology and Cosmopolitanism in Early Historic and Medieval Sri Lanka”</a>. sid. 14<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dro.dur.ac.uk/14500/1/14500.pdf?DDD6+drk3mjm+d700tmt">http://dro.dur.ac.uk/14500/1/14500.pdf?DDD6+drk3mjm+d700tmt</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 25 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Archaeology+and+Cosmopolitanism+in+Early+Historic+and+Medieval+Sri+Lanka&rft.atitle=&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdro.dur.ac.uk%2F14500%2F1%2F14500.pdf%3FDDD6%2Bdrk3mjm%2Bd700tmt&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-10">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180328141141/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/sri-lanka/history">”Sri Lanka : History | The Commonwealth”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>thecommonwealth.org</span></i>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/sri-lanka/history">originalet</a> den 28 mars 2018<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180328141141/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/sri-lanka/history">https://web.archive.org/web/20180328141141/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/sri-lanka/history</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Sri+Lanka+%3A+History+%7C+The+Commonwealth&rft.atitle=thecommonwealth.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20180328141141%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fthecommonwealth.org%2Four-member-countries%2Fsri-lanka%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/tissa">”Tissa - Uppslagsverk - NE”</a>. <i><span>www.ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/tissa">http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/tissa</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 17 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Tissa+-+Uppslagsverk+-+NE&rft.atitle=www.ne.se&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Ftissa&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-12">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:6_12-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_12-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mahavihara-monastery-Sri-Lanka#ref274315">”Mahavihara | monastery, Sri Lanka”</a> (på engelska). <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mahavihara-monastery-Sri-Lanka#ref274315">https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mahavihara-monastery-Sri-Lanka#ref274315</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 17 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mahavihara+%7C+monastery%2C+Sri+Lanka&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FMahavihara-monastery-Sri-Lanka%23ref274315&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-13"><a href="#cite_ref-:5_13-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/anuradhapura">”Anuradhapura - Uppslagsverk - NE”</a>. <i><span>www.ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/anuradhapura">http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/anuradhapura</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Anuradhapura+-+Uppslagsverk+-+NE&rft.atitle=www.ne.se&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Fanuradhapura&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFCentre">Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/200">”Sacred City of Anuradhapura”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>whc.unesco.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/200">http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/200</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 15 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Sacred+City+of+Anuradhapura&rft.atitle=whc.unesco.org&rft.aulast=Centre&rft.aufirst=UNESCO+World+Heritage&rft.au=Centre%2C+UNESCO+World+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F200&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/dipavamsa">”Dipavamsa - Uppslagsverk - NE.se”</a>. <i><span>www.ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/dipavamsa">http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/dipavamsa</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Dipavamsa+-+Uppslagsverk+-+NE.se&rft.atitle=www.ne.se&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Fdipavamsa&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/mahavamsa">”Mahavamsa - Uppslagsverk - NE.se”</a>. <i><span>www.ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/mahavamsa">http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/mahavamsa</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Mahavamsa+-+Uppslagsverk+-+NE.se&rft.atitle=www.ne.se&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Fmahavamsa&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Adams-Bridge">”Adam's Bridge | shoals, India”</a> (på engelska). <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Adams-Bridge">https://www.britannica.com/place/Adams-Bridge</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 12 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Adam%27s+Bridge+%7C+shoals%2C+India&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FAdams-Bridge&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/ramayana">”Ramayana - Uppslagsverk - NE”</a>. <i><span>www.ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/ramayana">http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/ramayana</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 12 september 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ramayana+-+Uppslagsverk+-+NE&rft.atitle=www.ne.se&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Framayana&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svenska.yle.fi/artikel/2019/04/23/terrorn-kom-som-en-chock-efter-lugnet-sri-lanka-forsokte-lagga-tsunamin-och-ett">”Terrorn kom som en chock efter lugnet: Sri Lanka försökte lägga tsunamin och ett närmare 30 år långt blodigt inbördeskrig bakom sig”</a> (på svenska). <i><span>svenska.yle.fi</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://svenska.yle.fi/artikel/2019/04/23/terrorn-kom-som-en-chock-efter-lugnet-sri-lanka-forsokte-lagga-tsunamin-och-ett">https://svenska.yle.fi/artikel/2019/04/23/terrorn-kom-som-en-chock-efter-lugnet-sri-lanka-forsokte-lagga-tsunamin-och-ett</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 oktober 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Terrorn+kom+som+en+chock+efter+lugnet%3A+Sri+Lanka+f%C3%B6rs%C3%B6kte+l%C3%A4gga+tsunamin+och+ett+n%C3%A4rmare+30+%C3%A5r+l%C3%A5ngt+blodigt+inb%C3%B6rdeskrig+bakom+sig&rft.atitle=svenska.yle.fi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsvenska.yle.fi%2Fartikel%2F2019%2F04%2F23%2Fterrorn-kom-som-en-chock-efter-lugnet-sri-lanka-forsokte-lagga-tsunamin-och-ett&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ui.se/landguiden/lander-och-omraden/asien/sri-lanka/">”Sri Lanka”</a>. <i><span>www.ui.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ui.se/landguiden/lander-och-omraden/asien/sri-lanka/">https://www.ui.se/landguiden/lander-och-omraden/asien/sri-lanka/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 21 augusti 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Sri+Lanka&rft.atitle=www.ui.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ui.se%2Flandguiden%2Flander-och-omraden%2Fasien%2Fsri-lanka%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sri_Lankas_historia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_Sri_Lanka" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:History of Sri Lanka">Sri Lankas historia</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_Sri_Lanka" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:History of Sri Lanka">Bilder & media</a></div></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#D5D5EF;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Historia_i_Asien" title="Mall:Historia i Asien"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Historia_i_Asien&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Asiens_historia" title="Asiens historia">Asiens historia</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistans_historia" title="Afghanistans historia">Afghanistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Armeniens_historia" title="Armeniens historia">Armenien</a><sup>1</sup><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Azerbajdzjans_historia" title="Azerbajdzjans historia">Azerbajdzjan</a><sup>1</sup><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshs_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshs historia">Bangladesh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bahrains_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahrains historia">Bahrain</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bhutans_historia" title="Bhutans historia">Bhutan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bruneis_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneis historia">Brunei</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Cyperns_historia" title="Cyperns historia">Cypern</a><sup>1</sup><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Egyptens_historia" title="Egyptens historia">Egypten</a><sup>3</sup><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Filippinernas_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Filippinernas historia">Filippinerna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6renade_arabemiratens_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Förenade arabemiratens historia">Förenade arabemiraten</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Georgiens_historia" title="Georgiens historia">Georgien</a><sup>1</sup><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Indiens_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiens historia">Indien</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Indonesiens_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesiens historia">Indonesien</a><sup>4</sup><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Iraks_historia" title="Iraks historia">Irak</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Irans_historia" title="Irans historia">Iran</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Israels_historia" title="Israels historia">Israel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Japans_historia" title="Japans historia">Japan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jemens_historia" title="Jemens historia">Jemen</a><sup>2</sup><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jordaniens_historia" title="Jordaniens historia">Jordanien</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kambodjas_historia" title="Kambodjas historia">Kambodja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kazakstans_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakstans historia">Kazakstan</a><sup>1</sup><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kinas_historia" title="Kinas historia">Kina</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kirgizistans_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirgizistans historia">Kirgizistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kuwaits_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwaits historia">Kuwait</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Laos_historia" title="Laos historia">Laos</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Libanons_historia" title="Libanons historia">Libanon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Malaysias_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysias historia">Malaysia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Maldivernas_historia" title="Maldivernas historia">Maldiverna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mongoliets_historia" title="Mongoliets historia">Mongoliet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Myanmars_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Myanmars historia">Myanmar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Nepals_historia" title="Nepals historia">Nepal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nordkoreas_historia" title="Nordkoreas historia">Nordkorea</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Omans_historia" title="Omans historia">Oman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistans_historia" title="Pakistans historia">Pakistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Palestinas_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinas historia">Palestina</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Qatars_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatars historia">Qatar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rysslands_historia" title="Rysslands historia">Ryssland</a><sup>1</sup><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Saudiarabiens_historia" title="Saudiarabiens historia">Saudiarabien</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Singapores_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Singapores historia">Singapore</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sri Lanka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sydkoreas_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydkoreas historia">Sydkorea</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Syriens_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriens historia">Syrien</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tadzjikistans_historia" title="Tadzjikistans historia">Tadzjikistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Taiwans_historia" title="Taiwans historia">Taiwan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thailands_historia" title="Thailands historia">Thailand</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Turkiets_historia" title="Turkiets historia">Turkiet</a><sup>1</sup><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistans_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmenistans historia">Turkmenistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistans_historia" title="Uzbekistans historia">Uzbekistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vietnams_historia" title="Vietnams historia">Vietnam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sttimors_historia" title="Östtimors historia">Östtimor</a><sup>2</sup></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";background:#D5D5EF;" colspan="2">Geografiska anmärkningar: (1) Delvis i <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>; (2) Delvis i <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>; (3) Mestadels i Afrika; (4) Delvis i <a href="/wiki/Oceanien" title="Oceanien">Oceanien</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950">    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&oldid=55166221">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankas_historia&oldid=55166221</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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