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cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Търсене в Уикипедия" aria-label="Търсене в Уикипедия" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специални:Търсене"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Търсене</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични инструменти"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Основни_понятия" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Основни_понятия"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Основни понятия</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Основни_понятия-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Основни понятия</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Основни_понятия-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Електрически_заряд" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Електрически_заряд"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Електрически заряд</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Електрически_заряд-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Електрически_ток" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Електрически_ток"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Електрически ток</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Електрически_ток-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Електрическо_поле" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Електрическо_поле"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Електрическо поле</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Електрическо_поле-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Електрически_потенциал" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Електрически_потенциал"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Електрически потенциал</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Електрически_потенциал-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-История_на_изследванията" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#История_на_изследванията"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>История на изследванията</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-История_на_изследванията-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Приложение" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Приложение"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Приложение</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Приложение-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Приложение</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Приложение-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Електрически_устройства" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Електрически_устройства"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Електрически устройства</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Електрически_устройства-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Електрически_явления_в_природата" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Електрически_явления_в_природата"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Електрически явления в природата</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Електрически_явления_в_природата-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Електрически_ефекти_в_индустрията_за_забавления" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Електрически_ефекти_в_индустрията_за_забавления"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Електрически ефекти в индустрията за забавления</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Електрически_ефекти_в_индустрията_за_забавления-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Източници" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Източници"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Източници</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Източници-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Външни_препратки" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Външни_препратки"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Външни препратки</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Външни_препратки-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вижте_също" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вижте_също"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Вижте също</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вижте_също-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Електричество</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 170 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-170" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">170 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisiteit" title="Elektrisiteit – африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elektrisiteit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrizit%C3%A4t" title="Elektrizität – швейцарски немски" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Elektrizität" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарски немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B2" title="ኮረንቲ – амхарски" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኮረንቲ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricidat" title="Electricidat – арагонски" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Electricidat" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4" title="विद्युत – ангика" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="विद्युत" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="كهرباء – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كهرباء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%97%DC%AA%DC%92%DC%90" title="ܟܗܪܒܐ – арамейски" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܗܪܒܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="арамейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="تريسينتي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تريسينتي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="كهربا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كهربا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%8E" title="বিদ্যুৎ – асамски" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বিদ্যুৎ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="асамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lletricid%C3%A1" title="Lletricidá – астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lletricidá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4" title="विद्युत – авади" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="विद्युत" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="авади" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik" title="Elektrik – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elektrik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="الکتریک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الکتریک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80" title="Электр – башкирски" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Электр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alektra" title="Alektra – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Alektra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisidad" title="Elektrisidad – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Elektrisidad" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Электрычнасць – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Электрычнасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Электрычнасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Электрычнасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="बिजली – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बिजली" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lestr%C3%A9k" title="Lestrék – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Lestrék" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B9ran" title="Kùran – бамбара" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Kùran" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="бамбара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E" title="তড়িৎ – бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তড়িৎ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tredan" title="Tredan – бретонски" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tredan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektricitet" title="Elektricitet – босненски" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Elektricitet" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босненски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сахилгаан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сахилгаан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricitat" title="Electricitat – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Electricitat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%AAng" title="Diêng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Diêng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisidad" title="Elektrisidad – себуански" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Elektrisidad" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="کارەبا – кюрдски (централен)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کارەبا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="кюрдски (централен)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik" title="Elektrik – кримскотатарски" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Elektrik" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="кримскотатарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elekt%C5%99ina" title="Elektřina – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektřina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Электро – чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Электро" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trydan" title="Trydan – уелски" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Trydan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уелски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektricitet" title="Elektricitet – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektricitet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrizit%C3%A4t" title="Elektrizität – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektrizität" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manyw%C3%AB%C3%ABth" title="Manywëëth – динка" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Manywëëth" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="динка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik" title="Elektrik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Elektrik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ηλεκτρισμός – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλεκτρισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Добра статия"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electricity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektro" title="Elektro – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricidad" title="Electricidad – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Electricidad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elekter" title="Elekter – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elekter" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrizitate" title="Elektrizitate – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elektrizitate" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletricid%C3%A1" title="Eletricidá – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Eletricidá" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%87" title="الکتریسیته – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکتریسیته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4hk%C3%B6" title="Sähkö – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sähkö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eelektri" title="Eelektri – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Eelektri" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravmagn" title="Ravmagn – фарьорски" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ravmagn" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарьорски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Добра статия"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9" title="Électricité – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Électricité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektritsiteet" title="Elektritsiteet – северен фризийски" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Elektritsiteet" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северен фризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletricit%C3%A2t" title="Eletricitât – фриулски" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Eletricitât" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фриулски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisiteit" title="Elektrisiteit – западнофризийски" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Elektrisiteit" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leictreachas" title="Leictreachas – ирландски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leictreachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%A3" title="電氣 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="電氣" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lektrisit%C3%A9" title="Élektrisité – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Élektrisité" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dealan" title="Dealan – шотландски келтски" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dealan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландски келтски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricidade" title="Electricidade – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Electricidade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendyry" title="Tendyry – гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tendyry" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C" title="वीज – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="वीज" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B3%E0%AB%80" title="વીજળી – гуджарати" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વીજળી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9C" title="חשמל – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חשמל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4" title="विद्युत – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विद्युत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Electricity" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektricitet" title="Elektricitet – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elektricitet" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Добра статия"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisite" title="Elektrisite – хаитянски креолски" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Elektrisite" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="хаитянски креолски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromoss%C3%A1g" title="Elektromosság – унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elektromosság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Էլեկտրականություն – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ելեկտրականութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ելեկտրականութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricitate" title="Electricitate – интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Electricitate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listrik" title="Listrik – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Listrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektro" title="Elektro – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Elektro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafmagn" title="Rafmagn – исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rafmagn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elettricit%C3%A0" title="Elettricità – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elettricità" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%B4%E1%95%95%E1%92%90%E1%90%85%E1%94%AD%E1%96%85/ikumautit" title="ᓴᕕᒐᐅᔭᖅ/ikumautit – инуктитут" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓴᕕᒐᐅᔭᖅ/ikumautit" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="инуктитут" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Добра статия"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97" title="電気 – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電気" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilekchrixiti" title="Ilekchrixiti – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ilekchrixiti" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listrik" title="Listrik – явански" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Listrik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="явански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ელექტრობა – грузински" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელექტრობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trisiti" title="Trisiti – кабилски" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Trisiti" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laatriki_mi%C5%8B" title="Laatriki miŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Laatriki miŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_a%CC%B1gwomnati" title="Long a̱gwomnati – туап" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Long a̱gwomnati" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="туап" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80" title="Электр – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Электр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9B%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿದ್ಯುಚ್ಛಕ್ತಿ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿದ್ಯುಚ್ಛಕ್ತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0" title="전기 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektr%C3%AEk" title="Elektrîk – кюрдски" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Elektrîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="кюрдски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tredan" title="Tredan – корнуолски" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Tredan" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнуолски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80" title="Электр – киргизки" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Электр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricitas" title="Electricitas – латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Electricitas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrizit%C3%A9it" title="Elektrizitéit – люксембургски" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Elektrizitéit" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amasannyalaze" title="Amasannyalaze – ганда" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Amasannyalaze" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ганда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektricit%C3%A8%C3%A8t" title="Elektricitèèt – лимбургски" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Elektricitèèt" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elettri%C3%A7it%C3%A6" title="Elettriçitæ – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Elettriçitæ" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletricit%C3%A0" title="Eletricità – ломбардски" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Eletricità" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ломбардски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotil%C3%ADki" title="Lotilíki – лингала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lotilíki" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra" title="Elektra – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elektra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektr%C4%ABba" title="Elektrība – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elektrība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aratra" title="Aratra – малгашки" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Aratra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малгашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listrik" title="Listrik – минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Listrik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Електрицитет – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електрицитет" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="വൈദ്യുതി – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൈദ്യുതി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C" title="वीज – марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वीज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik" title="Elektrik – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Elektrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilatricidade" title="Eilatricidade – мирандийски" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Eilatricidade" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အား – бирмански" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирмански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Цитерь – ерзиа" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Цитерь" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ерзиа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elettric%C3%ACt%C3%A0" title="Elettricìtà – неаполитански" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Elettricìtà" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="неаполитански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrizit%C3%A4t" title="Elektrizität – долнонемски" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Elektrizität" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="долнонемски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4" title="विद्युत – непалски" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विद्युत" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4" title="विद्युत – неварски" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="विद्युत" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektriciteit" title="Elektriciteit – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektriciteit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisitet" title="Elektrisitet – норвежки (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektrisitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежки (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisitet" title="Elektrisitet – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektrisitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Atricita%C3%A9" title="Êtricitaé – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Êtricitaé" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohlakase" title="Mohlakase – северен сото" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Mohlakase" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="северен сото" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricitat" title="Electricitat – окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Electricitat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektirikii" title="Elektirikii – оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Elektirikii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A4" title="ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ – ория" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Электрондых – осетински" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Электрондых" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਬਿਜਲੀ – пенджабски" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਿਜਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektryczno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Elektryczność – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Elektryczność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AC%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بجلی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بجلی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="برېښنا – пущу" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="برېښنا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пущу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletricidade" title="Eletricidade – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eletricidade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinchikilla" title="Pinchikilla – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pinchikilla" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricitate" title="Electricitate – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Electricitate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Электричество – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электричество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електрика – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Електрика" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D2%95%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Чаҕылыма – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чаҕылыма" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elettricitati" title="Elettricitati – сицилиански" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Elettricitati" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity – шотландски" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Electricity" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="برقييات – синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="برقييات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektricitet" title="Elektricitet – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elektricitet" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="විද්‍යුතය – синхалски" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විද්‍යුතය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electricity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrina" title="Elektrina – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektrina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrika" title="Elektrika – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Elektrika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magetsi" title="Magetsi – шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Magetsi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronto" title="Koronto – сомалийски" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Koronto" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомалийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektriciteti" title="Elektriciteti – албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Elektriciteti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Електрицитет – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Електрицитет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohlakase" title="Mohlakase – сото" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Mohlakase" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="сото" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrizit%C3%A4t" title="Elektrizität – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Elektrizität" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listrik" title="Listrik – сундански" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Listrik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektricitet" title="Elektricitet – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektricitet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umeme" title="Umeme – суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Umeme" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மின்சாரம் – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்சாரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81" title="విద్యుత్తు – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విద్యుత్తు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="ไฟฟ้า – тайски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไฟฟ้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisidad" title="Elektrisidad – тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Elektrisidad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motlakase" title="Motlakase – тсвана" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Motlakase" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="тсвана" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik" title="Elektrik – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektrik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gezi" title="Gezi – цонга" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Gezi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="цонга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80" title="Электр – татарски" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Электр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90l%C9%9Bktrisiti" title="Ɛlɛktrisiti – туи" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Ɛlɛktrisiti" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="туи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D9%84%DB%90%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="ئېلېكتر – уйгурски" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېلېكتر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електрика – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електрика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82" title="برق – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektr" title="Elektr – узбекски" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elektr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektruz" title="Elektruz – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Elektruz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n" title="Điện – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisidad" title="Elektrisidad – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Elektrisidad" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mb%C3%ABj" title="Mbëj – волоф" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mbëj" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="волоф" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5" title="电 – ву китайски" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="עלעקטריע – идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עלעקטריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ctann%C3%A1" title="Ìtanná – йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìtanná" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB" title="電 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="電" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-kh%C3%AC" title="Tiān-khì – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-khì" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB" title="電 – кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazuba" title="Amazuba – зулуски" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Amazuba" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12725#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Преглед на основната страница [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Статия</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0:%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" rel="discussion" title="Беседа за страницата [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Промяна на езиковия вариант" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">български</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Прегледи"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=history" title="Предишни версии на страницата [h]" accesskey="h"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Инструменти" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Инструменти</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Допълнителни опции" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Действия </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=history"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Основни </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Списък на всички страници, сочещи насам [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Какво сочи насам</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" rel="nofollow" title="Последните промени на страници, сочени от тази страница [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Свързани промени</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/MediaWiki:Uploadtext" title="Качи файлове [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Качване на файл</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Списък на всички специални страници [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Специални страници</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&oldid=12320805" title="Постоянна препратка към тази версия на страницата"><span>Постоянна препратка</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=info" title="Повече за тази страница"><span>Информация за страницата</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&page=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&id=12320805&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Информация за начините за цитиране на тази страница"><span>Цитиране на статията</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em">Серия статии на тема</td></tr><tr><th class="title physic" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;padding-top:0;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;background-color:#D4D4FF; padding: 0.7em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Класическа електродинамика">Класическа електродинамика</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:CoulombsLaw.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/CoulombsLaw.svg/190px-CoulombsLaw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/CoulombsLaw.svg/285px-CoulombsLaw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/CoulombsLaw.svg/380px-CoulombsLaw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="410" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Електричество</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Магнетизъм">Магнетизъм</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Електромагнитно взаимодействие">Електромагнетизъм</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електростатика">Електростатика</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Закон на Кулон">Закон на Кулон</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Теорема на Гаус">Теорема на Гаус</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Дипол">Електрически дипол</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Електрически заряд">Електрически заряд</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Интензитет на електрическото поле">Интензитет на електрическото поле</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Електрично поле">Електрично поле</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Електричен потенциал">Електричен потенциал</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Електрет">Електрет</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Магнитостатика">Магнитостатика</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Магнит">Магнит</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Магнитно поле">Магнитно поле</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Дипол">Дипол</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Магнитен поток">Магнитен поток</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Магнитна индукция">Магнитна индукция</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Интензитет на магнитното поле">Интензитет на магнитното поле</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Магнитна проницаемост">Магнитна проницаемост</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Магнитна възприемчивост">Магнитна възприемчивост</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Магнитен момент">Магнитен момент</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Намагнитване">Намагнитване</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Феромагнетизъм">Феромагнетизъм</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Диамагнетизъм">Диамагнетизъм</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Парамагнетизъм">Парамагнетизъм</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Суперпарамагнетизъм">Суперпарамагнетизъм</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Антиферомагнетизъм">Антиферомагнетизъм</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Феримагнетизъм">Феримагнетизъм</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Магнитна левитация">Магнитна левитация</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Закон на Био-Савар">Закон на Био-Савар</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Закон на Ампер">Закон на Ампер</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електродинамика">Електродинамика</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Електромагнитно поле">Електромагнитно поле</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Електромагнитна индукция">Електромагнитна индукция</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Електромагнитно излъчване">Електромагнитно излъчване</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Дипол">Дипол</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Сила на Лоренц">Сила на Лоренц</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Уравнения на Максуел">Уравнения на Максуел</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_4-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Електромагнитен 4-потенциал">Електромагнитен 4-потенциал</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Електричен потенциал">Електричен потенциал</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Магнитен векторен потенциал">Магнитен векторен потенциал</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Вълново уравнение">Вълново уравнение</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%89_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Закъсняващ потенциал">Закъсняващ потенциал</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%27%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Оператор на Д'Аламбер">Оператор на Д'Аламбер</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Електрически диполен момент">Електрически диполен момент</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Електромагнит">Електромагнит</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ефект на Майснер">Ефект на Майснер</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Електрическа верига">Електрическа верига</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Електрически ток">Електрически ток</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Електрическо напрежение">Електрическо напрежение</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82-%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Волт-амперна характеристика">Волт-амперна характеристика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Електрическо съпротивление">Електрическо съпротивление</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Индуктивност">Индуктивност</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Електрически капацитет">Електрически капацитет</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Електрическа проводимост">Електрическа проводимост</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Импеданс">Електрически импеданс</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%BC" title="Закон на Ом">Закон на Ом</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84" title="Закони на Кирхоф">Закони на Кирхоф</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86" class="mw-redirect" title="Закон на Джаул-Ленц">Закон на Джаул-Ленц</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold">Известни учени</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Хенри Кавендиш">Хенри Кавендиш</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Майкъл Фарадей">Майкъл Фарадей</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Андре-Мари Ампер">Андре-Мари Ампер</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84" title="Густав Кирхоф">Густав Кирхоф</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Джеймс Кларк Максуел">Джеймс Кларк Максуел</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Хайнрих Херц">Хайнрих Херц</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Алберт Абрахам Майкелсън">Алберт Абрахам Майкелсън</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Робърт Миликан">Робърт Миликан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%9E%D0%BC" title="Георг Ом">Георг Ом</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Луи Неел">Луи Неел</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding-top: 0.6em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шаблон:Класическа електродинамика"><abbr title="Преглед на шаблона">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%3A%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1"><abbr title="Беседа на шаблона (страницата не съществува)" style="color:#ba0000">б</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit"><abbr title="Редактиране на шаблона">р</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Lightning_NOAA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lightning_NOAA.jpg/250px-Lightning_NOAA.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lightning_NOAA.jpg/375px-Lightning_NOAA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lightning_NOAA.jpg/500px-Lightning_NOAA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1808" data-file-height="1216" /></a><figcaption>Светкавиците са сред най-зрелищните електрически явления</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Електричество</b> е обобщаващо наименование за явленията, които са резултат от движението или натрупването на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Електрически заряд">електрически заряди</a>. Сред тях има лесно разпознаваеми явления, като <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Светкавица">светкавиците</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Статично електричество">статичното електричество</a>, както и по-трудни за наблюдение, като <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Електромагнитно поле">електромагнитното поле</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Електромагнитна индукция">електромагнитната индукция</a>. </p><p>В ежедневието с думата „електричество“ се описват множество разнородни явления, за които във физиката се използват няколко термина с по-прецизни дефиниции: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Електрически заряд">Електрически заряд</a></b> – свойство на някои <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Субатомна частица">субатомни частици</a>, което определя техните електрически взаимодействия. Електрически заредената материя поражда електрично поле и се влияе от него.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Електрически ток">Електрически ток</a></b> – насочено движение или поток от електрически заредени частици.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Електрическо поле">Електрическо поле</a></b> – въздействието, оказвано от даден електрически заряд върху електрическите заряди, поставени в близост до него.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Електрически потенциал">Електрически потенциал</a></b> – способността на електрическото поле да извършва <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Механична работа">работа</a> върху електрически заряди, поставени в дадени точки от полето. Тяхната съвкупност образува повърхност с определен електрически потенциал. Наличието на разлика в потенциалите се нарича <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Електрическо напрежение">електрическо напрежение</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Електромагнетизъм">Електромагнетизъм</a></b> – едно от фундаменталните взаимодействия във физиката.</li></ul> <p>Въпреки че някои електрически явления са известни още от <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Древност">древността</a>, значим научен напредък в тази област е постигнат чак през 17 – 18 век. Дълго време практическото приложение на електричеството остава ограничено. Едва в края на 19 век се създават първите електрически технологии, намерили приложение в промишлеността и бита, като през следващите десетилетия бързото развитие в тази област довежда от цялостна промяна на стопанския и обществения живот. Със своята изключителна гъвкавост като източник на енергия електричеството се използва за почти неограничен кръг от цели – в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Транспорт">транспорта</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Парно отопление">отоплението</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Осветление">осветлението</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Телекомуникации">телекомуникациите</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Компютър">изчислителната техника</a>. Електроенергията е гръбнакът на съвременното индустриално общество и се очаква това да остане така в обозримо бъдеще.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Основни_понятия"><span id=".D0.9E.D1.81.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.8F.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Основни понятия</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: Основни понятия" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Основни понятия"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Електрически_заряд"><span id=".D0.95.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.B7.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8F.D0.B4"></span>Електрически заряд</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Електрически заряд" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Електрически заряд"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Електрически заряд">Електрически заряд</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Electroscope.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Electroscope.png/220px-Electroscope.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Electroscope.png/330px-Electroscope.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Electroscope.png/440px-Electroscope.png 2x" data-file-width="811" data-file-height="1077" /></a><figcaption>Схема на електроскоп със златно фолио – при наличие на заряд двете части на фолиото се отблъскват и то се разтваря</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:CoulombsLaw.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/CoulombsLaw.svg/220px-CoulombsLaw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/CoulombsLaw.svg/330px-CoulombsLaw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/CoulombsLaw.svg/440px-CoulombsLaw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>Илюстрация на закона на Кулон – два отрицателни или два положителни заряда се отблъскват, докато отрицателен и положителен заряд се привличат</figcaption></figure> <p>Електрическият заряд е основно присъщо свойство на някои <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Субатомни частици">субатомните частици</a> (например <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Електрон">електрон</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Протон">протон</a>) и се проявява, когато те взаимодействат с <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Електромагнитно поле">електромагнитни полета</a>, водейки до появата на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Електромагнитна сила">електромагнитни сили</a> на привличане и отблъскване. Електрическият заряд е константна величина – нетният заряд на изолирана система остава постоянен, независимо от промените, настъпващи вътре в системата.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> В рамките на системата зарядът може да се пренася между телата или чрез пряк контакт, или преместване по провеждаща материална среда.<sup id="cite_ref-Duffin19802&#32;–&#32;5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duffin19802&#32;–&#32;5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Електрическият заряд поражда едно от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Фундаментално взаимодействие">фундаменталните взаимодействия</a> в природата и притежава постоянно свойство на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Материя (физика)">материята</a>, което може да се измери. В този смисъл изразът „<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Количество електричество (страницата не съществува)">количество електричество</a>“ е взаимозаменяем с „<a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Електрически заряд">електрически заряд</a>“ и „количество заряд.“ <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Статично електричество">Статичното електричество</a> представлява наличието на ненулев общ заряд на дадено тяло, което обикновено възниква при триене между разнородни материали, в резултат на което заряд от единия се прехвърля в другия и се наелектрезират разноименно. </p><p>Наличието на електрически заряд поражда електрическа сила – зарядите упражняват <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сила">сила</a> един върху друг, явление, което е познато още от древността.<sup id="cite_ref-uniphysics_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uniphysics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Лека топка, окачена на нишка, може да бъде заредена чрез докосване със стъклена пръчка, самата тя заредена чрез натриване в плат. Ако подобна топка се зареди със същата стъклена пръчка, двете топки при доближаване се отблъскват една друга – зарядът се стреми да отдалечи двете топки една от друга. Същият ефект се наблюдава и ако двете топки се заредят с кехлибарена пръчка. В същото време, ако едната топка е заредена със стъклена, а другата – с кехлибарена пръчка, те започват да се привличат. Тези явления са изследвани в края на 18 век от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Шарл дьо Кулон">Шарл дьо Кулон</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-uniphysics_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uniphysics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Зарядът може да се измерва по различни начини, като един ранен уред, използван за тази цел, е <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Електроскоп (страницата не съществува)">електроскопът</a> със златно фолио, който и днес се използва за демонстрации, но е изместен в лабораторната практика от електронните <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Електрометър (страницата не съществува)">електрометри</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Duffin19802&#32;–&#32;5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duffin19802&#32;–&#32;5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Поражданата от заряда сила действа и на самите заредени частици, поради което зарядът има склонност да се разпространява възможно най-равномерно върху електропроводяща повърхност. Размерът на привличащата или отблъскваща електромагнитна сила се описва със <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Закон на Кулон">закона на Кулон</a>, според който тя е пропорционална на произведението на двата взаимодействащи заряда и обратнопропорционална на квадрата на разстоянието между тях.<sup id="cite_ref-Duffin198035_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duffin198035-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Сред фундаменталните сили електромагнитната сила е по-слаба само от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Силно ядрено взаимодействие">силното ядрено взаимодействие</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> но за разлика от него тя оказва влияние и при по-големи разстояния между взаимодействащите обекти.<sup id="cite_ref-Umashankar_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Umashankar-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Сравнена с много по-слабата <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гравитация">гравитационна сила</a>, електромагнитната сила, отблъскваща два електрона един от друг, е 10<sup>42</sup> пъти по-голяма от привличащата ги гравитация.<sup id="cite_ref-hawking_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hawking-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Зарядът на електроните и протоните е с противоположен знак, съответно количеството заряд може да има положителни и отрицателни стойности. Прието е зарядът на електроните да се означава като отрицателен, а този на протоните – като положителен, като тази конвенция води началото си от работите на <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенджамин Франклин">Бенджамин Франклин</a> през 18 век.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> В <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Международна система единици">Международната система единици SI</a> зарядът се измерва в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кулон">кулони</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> като всички електрони имат еднакъв заряд, приблизително равен на −1,6022×10<small><sup>−19</sup></small> C. Зарядът на протоните е равен и противоположен на този на електроните: +1,6022×10<small><sup>−19</sup></small> C. Електрическият заряд е свойство не само на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Материя (физика)">материята</a>, но и на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Антиматерия">антиматерията</a>, като всяка <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Античастица">античастица</a> има равен и противоположен заряд на този на съответната си частица.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Електрически_ток"><span id=".D0.95.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BA"></span>Електрически ток</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Електрически ток" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Електрически ток"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Електрически ток">Електрически ток</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Current_notation_bg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Current_notation_bg.svg/250px-Current_notation_bg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Current_notation_bg.svg/375px-Current_notation_bg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Current_notation_bg.svg/500px-Current_notation_bg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption>Конвенция за посоките на движение на положителни заряди и електрони в електрическа схема</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Lichtbogen_3000_Volt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lichtbogen_3000_Volt.jpg/250px-Lichtbogen_3000_Volt.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lichtbogen_3000_Volt.jpg/375px-Lichtbogen_3000_Volt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lichtbogen_3000_Volt.jpg/500px-Lichtbogen_3000_Volt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Електрическа дъга">Електрическата дъга</a> се образува при протичане на ток между два електрода, които не се допират</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Електрически ток">Електрически ток</a> се нарича насоченото движение на електрически заряди, а неговата интензивност се измерва в <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ампер">ампери</a>. То може да се състои от произволни движещи се заредени частици, като в най-честия случай, при металните проводници, това са електрони. Друг обичаен пример е <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Електролиза">електролизата</a>, при която <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Йон">йони</a> се движат в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Течност">течности</a>. Прието е за положителен да се приема токът, чиято посока съвпада с тази на движението на положителните заряди, т.е. протичащият от положително заредената към отрицателно заредената част на дадена електрическа схема. Тази посока се нарича още техническа. В масовия случай, когато токът представлява движение на отрицателно заредени електрони, положителната му посока е обратна на посоката на движение на самите електрони.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Конвенцията се запазва и в по-сложни системи, в които токът се състои от различни заредени частици, включително такива с противоположен заряд. Конвенцията „от плюс към минус“ се използва именно за опростяване на тази сложна ситуация и за улеснение. Ако се използва друга дефиниция, както е в случая с „електронен ток“, това трябва да се посочи изрично. </p><p>Процесът на протичане на електрическия ток може да има различен характер в зависимост от вида на заредените частици и на материала, през който те преминават. Токът в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал">металите</a> се осъществява от електрони, намиращи се в зоната на проводимостта (непосредствено над валентната зона при металите) и формиращи т.нар. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Електронен газ (страницата не съществува)">електронен газ</a>, около атомите в кристалната решетка на метала. С увеличаване на броя на електроните в зоната на проводимостта се увеличава <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Електрическа проводимост">електрическата проводимост</a> на метала. Токът в течните проводници (<a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Електролит">електролитите</a>) се осъществява чрез йоните (атоми с електрически заряд). Протичането на електрически ток в <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ">газове</a> води до образуването на <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Газов разряд">газов разряд</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Плазма">плазма</a> с много практически приложения: осветление и различни технологични процеси. Макар самите частици да се придвижват доста бавно, понякога със скорости от порядъка на части от милиметъра за секунда,<sup id="cite_ref-Duffin198017_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duffin198017-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> задвижващото ги електрическо поле се разпространява почти със <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Скорост на светлината">скоростта на светлината</a>, което позволява електрическите сигнали да се предават бързо по проводниците.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Електрическият ток е причина за някои наблюдавани явления, които в миналото са основно средство за установяването на неговото наличие. През 1800 година <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Уилям Никълсън">Уилям Никълсън</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Антъни Карлайл (страницата не съществува)">Антъни Карлайл</a> установяват, че водата може да се разлага с помощта на ток, явление, известно днес като електролиза. Техните наблюдения са значително разширени от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Майкъл Фарадей">Майкъл Фарадей</a> през 1833 година.<sup id="cite_ref-Duffin198023&#32;–&#32;4_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duffin198023&#32;–&#32;4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Протичането на ток през проводници със значително <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Електрическо съпротивление">съпротивление</a> може да предизвика значително локално нагряване – това явление е изследвано от <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Джеймс Джаул">Джеймс Джаул</a> през 1840 година.<sup id="cite_ref-Duffin198023&#32;–&#32;4_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duffin198023&#32;–&#32;4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Едно от най-важните открития, свързани с тока, е направено през 1820 година от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Ханс Кристиан Оерстед">Ханс Кристиан Оерстед</a>, който наблюдава как протичащ през проводник ток отклонява стрелката на магнитен компас.<sup id="cite_ref-berkson_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkson-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Така той стига до извода за фундаменталната връзка между електричество и магнетизъм. </p><p>В <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Електротехника">електротехниката</a> токът се разделя на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Постоянен ток">постоянен</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Променлив ток">променлив</a>, според начина, по който той се изменя във времето. Постоянно течащият в една посока ток се нарича постоянен ток (<i>DC – Direct Current</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-Bird200711_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bird200711-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> а когато посоката на протичане на тока се променя периодически, обикновено като <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Синусоидална вълна">синусоидална вълна</a>, той е променлив ток (<i>AC – Alternating Current</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Bird2007206&#32;–&#32;7_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bird2007206&#32;–&#32;7-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Променливият ток пулсира в двете посоки в проводника, без зарядът да се премества нетно във времето. Променливият ток се влияе от електрически свойства, които не засягат постоянния ток, като <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Индуктивност">индуктивност</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Електрически капацитет">електрически капацитет</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bird2007223&#32;–&#32;5_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bird2007223&#32;–&#32;5-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Зависимостта между основните физични величини, определящи протичането на ток – ток, напрежение и съпротивление – се определя от <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%BC" title="Закон на Ом">закона на Ом</a>. Устройствата, в които се използва протичането на електричен ток и манипулирането на електрични заряди в материалите (предимно <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полупроводник">полупроводници</a>), се наричат <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електроника">електронни</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Електрическо_поле"><span id=".D0.95.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.BE_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B5"></span>Електрическо поле</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Електрическо поле" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Електрическо поле"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Електрическо поле">Електрическо поле</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Концепцията за електрическо поле е предложена от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Майкъл Фарадей">Майкъл Фарадей</a>. Начинът, по който действа електрическото поле, е подобен на действието на гравитационното поле върху масите. Разликата е, че докато гравитационното поле може само да привлича, електрическото поле може да привлича и да отблъсква – това зависи от вида на електрическите заряди. Големината на силата на въздействие зависи право пропорционално от големината на зарядите и обратно пропорционално от разстоянието между тях. Силата е на привличане, когато зарядите са разноименни, и на отблъскване, когато са едноименни. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Електрически_потенциал"><span id=".D0.95.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BB"></span>Електрически потенциал</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: Електрически потенциал" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Електрически потенциал"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Електрически потенциал">Електрически потенциал</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Електрическа енергия е енергията на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Електрическо поле">електрическото поле</a> или транспортираната от <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Електрически ток">електрическия ток</a>. Енергията се дефинира като способността да се извършва <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Механична работа">работа</a>, и електрическата енергия е просто един от типовете енергия. Примери на електрическа енергия: </p> <ul><li>енергията, освобождаваща се в <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Атмосфера">атмосферата</a> по време на буря във формата на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мълния">светкавица</a></li> <li>енергията, получавана в намотките на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Електрически генератор">електрически генератор</a> в някоя <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Електростанция">електростанция</a>, и пренесена по мрежата към консуматорите, които заплащат консумираните единици енергия;</li> <li>енергията, акумулирана в един <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Кондензатор">кондензатор</a> или в една <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Батерия">батерия</a>, която се освобождава в <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Електрическа верига">електрическата верига</a>.</li></ul> <p>Разликата в стойностите на електрическия потенциал между две точки се определя като <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Механична работа">работата</a>, извършена за единица положителен заряд (наричан още точков заряд) за придвижването му против действието на електрическата сила между двете точки. Ако приемем едната точка за отправна, с нулев потенциал, то електрическият потенциал във всяка друга точка се определя от работата, необходима за придвижването на точков заряд от отправната точка. В случая на изолирани заряди обикновено отправната точка е <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Безкрайност">безкрайност</a>. Потенциалът се измерва във <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Волт">волтове</a>. (1 волт = 1 <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Джаул">джаул</a>/<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кулон">кулон</a>) Има сходство между електрическия потенциал и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура">температурата</a>: всяка точка от пространството има определена температура и <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Градиент">градиентът</a> на температурата определя накъде тече топлинният поток. Аналогично всяка точка от пространството има определен електрически потенциал и неговият градиент определя накъде се движат зарядите в електрическото поле. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="История_на_изследванията"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.B8.D0.B7.D1.81.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.82.D0.B0"></span>История на изследванията</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Редактиране на раздел: История на изследванията" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: История на изследванията"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Cardano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Cardano.jpg/220px-Cardano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Cardano.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Джироламо Кардано">Джироламо Кардано</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Faraday_Cochran_Pickersgill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Faraday_Cochran_Pickersgill.jpg/220px-Faraday_Cochran_Pickersgill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Faraday_Cochran_Pickersgill.jpg/330px-Faraday_Cochran_Pickersgill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Faraday_Cochran_Pickersgill.jpg/440px-Faraday_Cochran_Pickersgill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1443" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Майкъл Фарадей">Майкъл Фарадей</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:N.Tesla.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N.Tesla.JPG/220px-N.Tesla.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N.Tesla.JPG/330px-N.Tesla.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N.Tesla.JPG/440px-N.Tesla.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2563" data-file-height="3348" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Никола Тесла">Никола Тесла</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Дълго преди появата на систематизирано познание за електричеството хората вече наблюдават някои електрически явления. В <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Древен Египет">древноегипетски текст</a> от 28 век пр.н.е. се споменава <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Електрическа риба (страницата не съществува)">електрическа риба</a>, която е наричана „Гръмовержеца на Нил“ и е смятана за защитник на всички останали риби. В Средиземноморието е известно също, че някои предмети, като пръчки от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кехлибар">кехлибар</a>, привличат други леки предмети, след като се натрият в козината на котките. В края на 7 век пр.н.е. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Талес">Талес</a> провежда поредица наблюдения на статичното електричество, от които стига до заключението, че от триенето кехлибарът се намагнетизира, за разлика от минерали като <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Магнетит">магнетита</a>, които са магнити без да имат нужда от натриване.<sup id="cite_ref-stewart_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stewart-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Според спорна хипотеза, основаваща се на т.нар. <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Багдадска батерия">Багдадска батерия</a>, устройство от началото на 1 хилядолетие, което наподобява <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Галваничен елемент">галваничен елемент</a>, още през <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Партско царство">партската епоха</a> в Близкия изток може да са съществували познания за <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Галванотехника (страницата не съществува)">галванотехниката</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Електрически риби се споменават от <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Древна Гърция">древногръцки</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Древен Рим">римски</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Арабски халифат">арабски автори</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Плиний Стари">Плиний Стари</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Скрибоний Ларг">Скрибоний Ларг</a> пишат за зашеметяващия ефект на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Електрически шок (страницата не съществува)">електрическия шок</a>, предизвикван от <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Електрически сомове (страницата не съществува)">електрическите сомове</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Електрически скатове">електрическите скатове</a>, и им е известно, че той може да се предава на разстояние през някои предмети.<sup id="cite_ref-Electroreception_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Electroreception-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Италианският учен <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Джироламо Кардано">Джироламо Кардано</a> засяга темата за електричеството в труда си <i>„De Subtilitate“</i> (1560), като за първи път прави разлика между електрически и магнитни сили.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> През 1600 година англичанинът <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82" title="Уилям Гилбърт">Уилям Гилбърт</a> разширява работата на Кардано в своя труд <i>„De Magnete“</i> и за пръв път използва новолатинското наименование <i>electricus</i> (от <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Гръцки език">гръцки</a>: <span lang="el" dir="ltr" style="font-style:italic">ήλεκτρον</span>, „кехлибар“) за свойството да бъдат привличани дребни предмети след натриване.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Други пионери в изследването на електричеството през 17 и началото на 18 век са <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Ото фон Герике">Ото фон Герике</a>, изобретил първия <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Електростатичен генератор">електростатичен генератор</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Робърт Бойл">Робърт Бойл</a>, установил, че електрическото привличане и отблъскване се наблюдава и в условията на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Вакуум">вакуум</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Стивън Грей (страницата не съществува)">Стивън Грей</a>, който класифицирал материалите на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Проводник">проводници</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Изолатор">изолатори</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D1%8E_%D0%A4%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шарл дю Фе (страницата не съществува)">Шарл дю Фе</a>, който открива наличието на различни положителен и отрицателен заряд. През 1745 година Евалд Георг Юрген фон Клайст (10.06.1700 – 11.12.1761) създава първия <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Кондензатор">кондензатор</a> – <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Лайденска стъкленица">Лайденската стъкленица</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Тя става популярна от публикацията на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Питер ван Мушенбрук (страницата не съществува)">Питер ван Мушенбрук</a>, отпечатана на 4 януари 1746 година.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> При експеримент с Лайденска стъкленица <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Уилям Уотсън">Уилям Уотсън</a> открива, че разрядът на статично електричество е еквивалентен на протичането на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Електрически ток">електрически ток</a>. </p><p>Също в средата на 18 век американецът <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенджамин Франклин">Бенджамин Франклин</a> прави поредица от експерименти с електрически явления електричеството и успява да покаже, че светкавиците имат електрически характер.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Той създава и проста, но ефикасна защита срещу удар от гръм – <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Гръмоотвод">гръмоотвода</a>. През 1791 година <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Луиджи Галвани">Луиджи Галвани</a> публикува своето откритие на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Биоелектричество (страницата не съществува)">биоелектричеството</a> и демонстрира, че електричеството е средството, чрез което <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неврон">невроните</a> предават сигнали на мускулите.<sup id="cite_ref-kirby_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirby-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Италианецът <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Алесандро Волта">Алесандро Волта</a> открива, че с помощта на химическа реакция може да се създадат противоположно заредени електроди и ако към тях се съедини проводник, от тази разлика в потенциалите протича <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Електрически ток">електрически ток</a>. Създадената от него през 1800 година <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Батерия">батерия</a>, изградена от редуващи се пластове цинк и мед, дава на изследователите по-надежден източник на електроенергия от използваните дотогава електростатични генератори.<sup id="cite_ref-kirby_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirby-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> През 1819 – 1820 година <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Ханс Кристиан Оерстед">Ханс Кристиан Оерстед</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Андре-Мари Ампер">Андре-Мари Ампер</a> откриват общия характер на електрическите и магнитните явления, създавайки концепцията за електромагнетизма, година по-късно <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Майкъл Фарадей">Майкъл Фарадей</a> създава първия <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Електрически двигател">електрически двигател</a>, а през 1827 година <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%9E%D0%BC" title="Георг Ом">Георг Ом</a> формулира математическите зависимости в електрическите схеми.<sup id="cite_ref-kirby_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirby-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Макар че в началото на 19 век научните изследвания на електричеството отбелязват бърз напредък, едва в края на века те намират широко приложение в техниката, обособявайки <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Електротехника">електротехниката</a> като самостоятелна област. Създават се компании, които изследват, развиват и усъвършенстват методите на транспортиране и използване на електричеството за битови и индустриални нужди. С усилията на инженери като <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Никола Тесла">Никола Тесла</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Томас Едисън">Томас Едисън</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ото Блати (страницата не съществува)">Ото Блати</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%88_%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аньош Йедлик (страницата не съществува)">Аньош Йедлик</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чарлс Парсънс (страницата не съществува)">Чарлс Парсънс</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Джордж Уестингхаус">Джордж Уестингхаус</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Вернер фон Сименс">Вернер фон Сименс</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Александър Бел">Александър Бел</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Уилям Томсън">Уилям Томсън</a>, електричеството се превръща от научен куриоз в основен елемент на съвременния живот и в движеща сила на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Втора индустриална революция">Втората индустриална революция</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Приложение"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B6.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5"></span>Приложение</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Редактиране на раздел: Приложение" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Приложение"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електроенергетика">Електроенергетика</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Практическото използване на електричеството (наричано електроенергия) е в основата на съвременния ни живот. С производството, разпределението и измерването на консумацията на електричество се занимава индустрията енергетика. </p><p>Единицата за измерване на електрическа енергия е <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Джаул">джаулът</a>. Също така може да се ползват и единиците ват.секунда (Ws), ват.час (Wh), киловат.час (kWh) и др. </p><p>Единиците трябва да се изписват с точка (напр. ват.час), а не с тире (напр. ват-час). Произнасят се слято (напр. ватчас). Често в разговорния език единиците за електрическа енергия се ползват погрешно, например вместо „киловатчас“ (единица за <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Енергия">енергия</a>) се говори за „киловат“ (единица за <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Мощност">мощност</a>). </p><p>Зависимостите между тези единици са следните: </p> <ul><li>1 ват.секунда = 1 джаул</li> <li>1 ват.час = 3600 ват.секунди = 3600 джаула</li> <li>1 киловат.час = 3 600 000 ват.секунди = 3 600 000 джаула</li></ul> <p>Електроенергията, получавана чрез изгарянето на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Фосилно гориво">фосилни горива</a> (въглища, нефт и природен газ), е известна като традиционна или „кафява“, и определено е вредна в екологично отношение поради отделянето на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Въглероден диоксид">въглероден диоксид</a>. Получената от водните централи енергия се счита за „зелена“, т.е. екологична. От втората половина на 20-век наред с използването на водната енергия се налагат и други „зелени“ начини на добиване на електричество: от вятъра, слънцето и др. Атомните електроцентрали заемат особено място в енергетиката, но използването им напоследък поражда спорове поради големите рискове, свързани с тяхната експлоатация. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Kkw_muehleberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Kkw_muehleberg.jpg/250px-Kkw_muehleberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Kkw_muehleberg.jpg/375px-Kkw_muehleberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Kkw_muehleberg.jpg/500px-Kkw_muehleberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Атомна електроцентрала</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Електрически_устройства"><span id=".D0.95.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D1.83.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B0"></span>Електрически устройства</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Редактиране на раздел: Електрически устройства" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Електрически устройства"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Батерия">Батерия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Проводник">Проводник</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Изолатор">Изолатор</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Електрическа крушка">Електрическа лампа</a></li> <li>Електрически генератор</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Електрически_явления_в_природата"><span id=".D0.95.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D1.8F.D0.B2.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.B2_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0"></span>Електрически явления в природата</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Редактиране на раздел: Електрически явления в природата" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Електрически явления в природата"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Твърдо тяло">Твърдо тяло</a>: в него <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом">атомите</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Молекула">молекулите</a> са свързани с електрически връзки.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мълния">Мълния</a>: електрически разряд в атмосферата.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Земно магнитно поле">Земно магнитно поле</a> – създадено от електрически токове, протичащи в ядрото на планетата.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Слънчево изригване">Слънчевите изригвания</a> понякога създават електрически смущения.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Пиезоелектричество">Пиезоелектричество</a>: способността на някои кристали да генерират напрежение при прилагането на механично напрежение.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Трибоелектричество (страницата не съществува)">Трибоелектричество</a>: електрически заряд, получен чрез контакт или триене между два различни материала.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Биоелектричество (страницата не съществува)">Биоелектричество</a> – много животни са чувствителни към електрическо поле, например <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Акула">акулите</a> го усещат повече от хората. Някои създават собствени електрически полета. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неврон">Невроните</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Нервна система">нервната система</a> предават информация чрез електрически импулси.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Електрически_ефекти_в_индустрията_за_забавления"><span id=".D0.95.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.B5.D1.84.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B8_.D0.B2_.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B4.D1.83.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.82.D0.B0_.D0.B7.D0.B0_.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Електрически ефекти в индустрията за забавления</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Редактиране на раздел: Електрически ефекти в индустрията за забавления" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Електрически ефекти в индустрията за забавления"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate plainlinks stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/23px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/35px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/46px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span> <sup><i>Този раздел е празен или е <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Уикипедия:Мъниче">мъниче</a>. Можете да помогнете на Уикипедия, като го <a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit">разширите</a>.</i></sup></div> <p>Светкавицата отдавна фигурира в човешките предания и често се използва във филмите и телевизията като фон на драматично действие. Волтови дъги или други подобни ефекти често се използват за наподобяване на магически ефекти или на работата на учени в лаборатория. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Източници"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8"></span>Източници</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Редактиране на раздел: Източници" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Източници"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11651663">.mw-parser-output .div-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .div-columns dl,.mw-parser-output .div-columns ol,.mw-parser-output .div-columns ul,.mw-parser-output .div-columns table{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-columns dt,.mw-parser-output .div-columns dd,.mw-parser-output .div-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .div-columns h1,.mw-parser-output .div-columns h2,.mw-parser-output .div-columns h3,.mw-parser-output .div-columns h4,.mw-parser-output .div-columns h5,.mw-parser-output .div-columns h6{column-span:all}</style><div class="div-columns" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFJones" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Jones, D.A. Electrical engineering: the backbone of society //  <i>Proceedings of the IEE: Science, Measurement and Technology</i> 138 (1).  с. 1 – 10.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFTrefil2003" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Trefil, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/natureofsciencea00tref">The Nature of Science: An A-Z Guide to the Laws and Principles Governing Our Universe</a>.  Houghton Mifflin Books, 2003. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0618319387" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-6183-1938-7</a>. с. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/natureofsciencea00tref/page/74">74</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duffin19802&#32;–&#32;5-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Duffin19802&#32;–&#32;5_3-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duffin19802&#32;–&#32;5_3-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuffin1980">Duffin 1980</a>, с. 2 – 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uniphysics-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-uniphysics_4-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uniphysics_4-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFSears1982" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Sears, Francis и др. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/studyguidetoacco00pgai">University Physics, Sixth Edition</a>.  Addison Wesley, 1982. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0201071991" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-2010-7199-1</a>. с. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/studyguidetoacco00pgai/page/457">457</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duffin198035-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Duffin198035_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuffin1980">Duffin 1980</a>, с. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFNational_Research_Council1998" class="book" style="font-style:normal">National Research Council. Physics Through the 1990s.  National Academies Press, 1998. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0309035767" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0309035767</a>. с. 215 – 216.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Umashankar-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Umashankar_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFUmashankar1989" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Umashankar, Korada. Introduction to Engineering Electromagnetic Fields.  World Scientific, 1989. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9971509210" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9971509210</a>. с. 77 – 79.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hawking-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-hawking_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFHawking1988" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Hawking, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofti0000hawk_n1e8">A Brief History of Time</a>.  Bantam Press, 1988. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0553175211" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-553-17521-1</a>. с. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofti0000hawk_n1e8/page/77">77</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFShectman2003" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Shectman, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/groundbreakingsc0000shec">Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the 18th Century</a>.  Greenwood Press, 2003. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0313320152" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-3133-2015-2</a>. с. 87 – 91.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFSewell1902" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Sewell, Tyson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elementselectri01sewegoog">The Elements of Electrical Engineering</a>.  Lockwood, 1902. с. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elementselectri01sewegoog/page/n34">18</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFClose2007" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Close, Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newcosmiconionqu0000clos">The New Cosmic Onion: Quarks and the Nature of the Universe</a>.  CRC Press, 2007. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/1584887982" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-5848-8798-2</a>. с. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newcosmiconionqu0000clos/page/51">51</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFWard1960" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Ward, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoel0000ward_z8o9">Introduction to Electrical Engineering</a>.  Prentice-Hall, 1960. с. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoel0000ward_z8o9/page/18">18</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duffin198017-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Duffin198017_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuffin1980">Duffin 1980</a>, с. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFSolymar1984" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Solymar, L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lecturesonelectr0000soly_w5c6">Lectures on electromagnetic theory</a>.  Oxford University Press, 1984. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0198561695" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-856169-5</a>. с. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lecturesonelectr0000soly_w5c6/page/140">140</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duffin198023&#32;–&#32;4-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Duffin198023&#32;–&#32;4_15-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duffin198023&#32;–&#32;4_15-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuffin1980">Duffin 1980</a>, с. 23 – 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-berkson-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-berkson_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFBerkson1974" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Berkson, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fieldsofforcedev0000berk">Fields of Force: The Development of a World View from Faraday to Einstein</a>.  Routledge, 1974. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0710076266" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7100-7626-6</a>. с. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fieldsofforcedev0000berk/page/370">370</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bird200711-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bird200711_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBird2007">Bird 2007</a>, с. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bird2007206&#32;–&#32;7-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bird2007206&#32;–&#32;7_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBird2007">Bird 2007</a>, с. 206 – 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bird2007223&#32;–&#32;5-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bird2007223&#32;–&#32;5_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBird2007">Bird 2007</a>, с. 223 – 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stewart-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-stewart_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFStewart2001" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Stewart, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intermediateelec0000stew">Intermediate Electromagnetic Theory</a>.  World Scientific, 2001. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9810244711" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9-8102-4471-1</a>. с. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intermediateelec0000stew/page/50">50</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFSimpson2003" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Simpson, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/electricalstimul0015unse">Electrical Stimulation and the Relief of Pain</a>.  Elsevier Health Sciences, 2003. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0444512586" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-4445-1258-6</a>. с. 6 – 7.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFFrood27_февруари_2003" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Frood, Arran. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2804257.stm">Riddle of 'Baghdad's batteries'</a>.  <a href="/wiki/BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 27 февруари 2003. Посетен на 16 февруари 2008.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFMollerDecember_1991" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Moller, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208105045/http://www.jstor.org/stable/1311732">Review: Electric Fish</a> //  <i>BioScience</i> 41 (11).  American Institute of Biological Sciences, December 1991. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1311732">10.2307/1311732</a>. с. 794 – 796 [794].  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jstor.org/stable/1311732">оригинала</a> на 2015-12-08.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Electroreception-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Electroreception_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFBullock2005" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Bullock, Theodore H. Electroreception.  Springer, 2005. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0387231927" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0387231927</a>. с. 5 – 7.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFsparkmuseum.com2010" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sparkmuseum.com/BOOK_CARDANO.HTM">The Distinction Between the Amber Effect and Lodestone – 1560</a> //   sparkmuseum.com, 2010. Посетен на 11 септември 2010.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFBaigrie2006" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Baigrie, Brian. Electricity and Magnetism: A Historical Perspective.  Greenwood Press, 2006. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0313333580" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-3133-3358-0</a>. с. 7 – 8.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> M. Dabrowski, The Cathedral Kamien Pomorski, Westpomerania, Europhysics News, v. 45 (Nr. 2) p. 4 – 5 (2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Г. Камишева, Кабинетът на Георги Наджаков – исторически обект на Европейското физическо дружество, Светът на физиката, кн. 2, с. 197 – 212 (2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFUman1987" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Uman, Martin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ira.usf.edu/CAM/exhibitions/1998_12_McCollum/supplemental_didactics/23.Uman1.pdf">All About Lightning</a>.  Dover Publications, 1987. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/048625237X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 048625237X</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kirby-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-kirby_30-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirby_30-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirby_30-2"><sup><i><b>в</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFKirby1990" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Kirby, Richard S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/engineeringinhis0000unse">Engineering in History</a>.  Courier Dover Publications, 1990. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0486264122" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0486264122</a>. с. 331 – 333.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFMarković" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Marković, Dragana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070323084247/http://www.b92.net:80/eng/special/tesla/life.php?nav_id=36502">The Second Industrial Revolution</a>.   Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.b92.net/eng/special/tesla/life.php?nav_id=36502">оригинала</a> на 2007-03-23. Посетен на 9 декември 2007.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071119074224/http://www.b92.net/eng/special/tesla/life.php?nav_id=36502">Архив на оригинала от</a> 2007-11-19 в <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFBird2007" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Bird, John. Electrical and Electronic Principles and Technology, 3rd edition.  Newnes, 2007. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9781417505432" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9781417505432</a>.</cite></li> <li><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <cite id="CITEREFDuffin1980" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Duffin, W.J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/electricitymagn00duff">Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd edition</a>.  McGraw-Hill, 1980. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/007084111X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 007084111X</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Външни_препратки"><span id=".D0.92.D1.8A.D0.BD.D1.88.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Външни препратки</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Редактиране на раздел: Външни препратки" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Външни препратки"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/electricity.htm">Стандарти за електрически контакти по света</a></li> <li><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tufts.edu/as/wright_center/fellows/bob_morse_04/">A Comprehensive Collection of Franklin’s Electrical Works: The Electrical Writings of Benjamin Franklin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070423204139/http://www.tufts.edu/as/wright_center/fellows/bob_morse_04/">Архив на оригинала от</a> 2007-04-23 в <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Created and Collected by Robert A. Morse (2004)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вижте_също"><span id=".D0.92.D0.B8.D0.B6.D1.82.D0.B5_.D1.81.D1.8A.D1.89.D0.BE"></span>Вижте също</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Редактиране на раздел: Вижте също" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Вижте също"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Термоелектрически ефект">Термоелектрически ефект</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Термоелектричество">Термоелектричество</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Електротехника">Електротехника</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електростатика">Електростатика</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Взето от „<a dir="ltr" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Електричество&oldid=12320805">https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Електричество&oldid=12320805</a>“.</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Специални:Категории">Категория</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Категория:Електричество">Електричество</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Скрити категории: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_Webarchive_%D1%81_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC_Wayback_Machine" title="Категория:Шаблон Webarchive с препратки към Wayback Machine">Шаблон Webarchive с препратки към Wayback Machine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8,_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8_ISBN" title="Категория:Страници, използващи вълшебни препратки ISBN">Страници, използващи вълшебни препратки ISBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Категория:Раздели мъничета">Раздели мъничета</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Последната промяна на страницата е извършена на 4 август 2024 г. в 01:10 ч.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текстът е достъпен под лиценза <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.bg">Creative Commons Признание-Споделяне на споделеното</a>; може да са приложени допълнителни условия. 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