{"title":"Systematics of Water Lilies (Genus Nymphaea L.) Using 18S rDNA Sequences","authors":"M. Nakkuntod, S. Srinarang, K.W. Hilu ","volume":148,"journal":"International Journal of Bioengineering and Life Sciences","pagesStart":85,"pagesEnd":91,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10010223","abstract":"<p>Water lily (<em>Nymphaea<\/em> L.) is the largest genus of Nymphaeaceae. This family is composed of six genera (<em>Nuphar<\/em>, <em>Ondinea<\/em>, <em>Euryale<\/em>, <em>Victoria<\/em>, <em>Barclaya<\/em>, <em>Nymphaea<\/em>). Its members are nearly worldwide in tropical and temperate regions. The classification of some species in <em>Nymphaea<\/em> is ambiguous due to high variation in leaf and flower parts such as leaf margin, stamen appendage. Therefore, the phylogenetic relationships based on 18S rDNA were constructed to delimit this genus. DNAs of 52 specimens belonging to water lily family were extracted using modified conventional method containing cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (<em>CTAB<\/em>). The results showed that the amplified fragment is about 1600 base pairs in size. After analysis, the aligned sequences presented 9.36% for variable characters comprising 2.66% of parsimonious informative sites and 6.70% of singleton sites. Moreover, there are 6 regions of 1-2 base(s) for insertion\/deletion. The phylogenetic trees based on maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood with high bootstrap support indicated that genus <em>Nymphaea<\/em> was a paraphyletic group because of <em>Ondinea<\/em>, <em>Victoria<\/em> and <em>Euryale<\/em> disruption. Within genus <em>Nymphaea<\/em>, subgenus <em>Nymphaea<\/em> is a basal lineage group which cooperated with <em>Euryale<\/em> and <em>Victoria<\/em>. The other four subgenera, namely <em>Lotos<\/em>, <em>Hydrocallis<\/em>, <em>Brachyceras <\/em>and <em>Anecphya<\/em> were included the same large clade which <em>Ondinea<\/em> was placed within <em>Anecphya<\/em> clade due to geographical sharing.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1]\tC. Linnaeus, \u201cSpecies plantarum, 2 vols.\u201d Stockholm, 1753.\r\n[2]\tP. P. Gupta, \u201cCytogenetics of aquatic ornamentals. VI. Evolutionary trends and relationships in the genus Nymphaea,\u201d Cytologia, 45, 1980, pp. 307-314.\r\n[3]\tT. Borsch, K. Hilu, J. Wiersema, C. Lohne, W. Barthlott, and V. Wilde, \u201cPhylogeny of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae): evidence from substitutions and microstructural changes in the chloroplast trnT-trnF region,\u201d Int. J. Plant Sci., 168(5), 2007. pp. 639\u2013671.\r\n[4]\tP. D. Slocum, \u201cWaterlilies and Lotuses. Portland: Cambridge,\u201d 2005.\r\n[5]\tZ. K. Shinwari and S. Shinwari, \u201cMolecular data and phylogeny of family Smilacaceae,\u201d Pak. J. 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