CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><link rel="preload" href="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/media/a34f9d1faa5f3315-s.p.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="" type="font/woff2"/><link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://interestingengineering.com/img/logo.svg" fetchPriority="high"/><link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/css/22db0e48350782c7.css" data-precedence="next"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/css/fe300eb3a76594e3.css" data-precedence="next"/><link rel="preload" as="script" fetchPriority="low" href="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/webpack-dfb406e79b8addd3.js"/><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-c565c66aa5048194.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/2472-47765702373191de.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/main-app-fe8494148f0fcf10.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/3600-db656d5ef353e886.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/7105-c0564fff6073cee4.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/app/layout-f4884b1797a5fb0c.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/13b76428-6b30cc43e742e4a7.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/70e0d97a-92a267c2db16d5ca.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/54a60aa6-7db6cc992ba288e3.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/4453-8383c30e7e52fe7c.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/8855-1b6f520aab886c00.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/651-33c9330aca67638c.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/5125-716fae9a6881d616.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/9615-46fb736e3bca55cf.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/9212-416114feab18f184.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/5697-4343ff2e324a43e4.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/8021-e8b60eb3f7d363eb.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/2808-e53d880cba8b33f7.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/1171-665062a286b079d3.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/2827-c3b59feed177508b.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/app/%5BcategoryId%5D/%5BarticleId%5D/page-b47ba46017d0895c.js" async=""></script><link rel="preload" href="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" as="script"/><meta property="fb:pages" content="139188202817559"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="467815213795758"/><title>New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency</title><meta name="description" content="Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions."/><meta name="application-name" content="Interesting Engineering"/><meta name="author" content="Rupendra Brahambhatt"/><link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"/><meta name="generator" content="Next.js"/><meta name="keywords" content="Energy &amp; Environment, Physics, thermal energy"/><meta name="referrer" content="origin"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><meta name="color-scheme" content="light"/><meta name="creator" content="@IntEngineering"/><meta name="publisher" content="Interesting Engineering"/><meta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light"/><meta property="og:title" content="New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency"/><meta property="og:description" content="Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions."/><meta property="og:url" content="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Interesting Engineering"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg"/><meta property="og:image:width" content="1920"/><meta property="og:image:height" content="1080"/><meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@IntEngineering"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@IntEngineering"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions."/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-57x57.png?v=14" sizes="57x57"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-60x60.png?v=14" sizes="60x60"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-72x72.png?v=14" sizes="72x72"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-76x76.png?v=14" sizes="76x76"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-114x114.png?v=14" sizes="114x114"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-120x120.png?v=14" sizes="120x120"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-144x144.png?v=14" sizes="144x144"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-152x152.png?v=14" sizes="152x152"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-180x180.png?v=14" sizes="180x180"/><link rel="icon" href="/icons/android-icon-192x192.png?v=14" type="image/png" sizes="192x192"/><link rel="icon" href="/icons/favicon-32x32.png?v=14" type="image/png" sizes="32x32"/><link rel="icon" href="/icons/favicon-96x96.png?v=14" type="image/png" sizes="96x96"/><link rel="icon" href="/icons/favicon-16x16.png?v=14" type="image/png" sizes="16x16"/><meta name="next-size-adjust"/><meta name="parsely-title" content="Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency"/><meta name="parsely-link" content="http://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light"/><meta name="parsely-type" content="post"/><meta name="parsely-image-url" content="https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1"/><meta name="parsely-pub-date" content="2024-11-22T10:55:56Z"/><meta name="parsely-section" content="Energy"/><meta name="parsely-author" content="Rupendra Brahambhatt"/><meta name="parsely-tags" content="editor: energy &amp; environment, physics, thermal energy"/><script id="adtEmail">!function(){'use strict';var e=window.location.search.substring(1).split('&');const t=e=>e.replace(/\s/g,''),o=e=>new Promise((t=>{if(!('msCrypto'in window)&&'https:'===location.protocol&&'crypto'in window&&'TextEncoder'in window){const o=(new TextEncoder).encode(e);crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-256',o).then((e=>{const o=Array.from(new Uint8Array(e)).map((e=>('00'+e.toString(16)).slice(-2))).join('');t(o)}))}else t('')}));for(var n=0;n<e.length;n++){var r='adt_ei',i=decodeURIComponent(e[n]);if(0===i.indexOf(r)){var a=i.split(r+'=')[1];if((e=>{const t=e.match(/((?=([a-zA-Z0-9._!#$%+^&*()[\]<>-]+))\2@[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+)/gi);return t?t[0]:''})(t(a.toLowerCase()))){o(a).then((t=>{t.length&&(localStorage.setItem(r,t),localStorage.setItem('adt_emsrc','url'),e.splice(n,1),history.replaceState(null,'','?'+e.join('&')))}));break}}}}(); </script><script> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WKW2TKP'); </script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-c67a75d1b6f99dc8.js" noModule=""></script></head><body class="min-h-screen bg-background font-sans antialiased __variable_7a4a9c"><noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WKW2TKP" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><script>!function(){try{var d=document.documentElement,n='data-theme',s='setAttribute';var e=localStorage.getItem('theme');if('system'===e||(!e&&false)){var t='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)',m=window.matchMedia(t);if(m.media!==t||m.matches){d.style.colorScheme = 'dark';d[s](n,'dark')}else{d.style.colorScheme = 'light';d[s](n,'light')}}else if(e){d[s](n,e|| '')}else{d[s](n,'light')}if(e==='light'||e==='dark'||!e)d.style.colorScheme=e||'light'}catch(e){}}()</script><nav class="t-w-full t-fixed t-z-[99999] t-top-0 t-left-0 t-h-[55px] t-flex t-items-center t-px-4 md:t-px-[120px] md:t-justify-between" style="background-color:var(--main-color)"><div class="t-flex-none max-md:t-max-w-[90px] md:t-min-w-48 max-md:t-pr-3"><svg class="t-cursor-pointer" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="17" viewBox="0 0 22 17" fill="none"><path d="M1 1H21" stroke="white" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"></path><path d="M1 9H21" stroke="white" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"></path><path d="M1 16H21" stroke="white" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></div><div class=""><a href="/"><img title="Interesting Engineering Logo" alt="Interesting Engineering" fetchPriority="high" width="120" height="34" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="t-w-[120px] max-md:t-w-[90px]" style="color:transparent" src="https://interestingengineering.com/img/logo.svg"/> </a></div><div class="max-md:t-grow t-text-right t-gap-1 t-items-center md:t-min-w-48 t-flex t-justify-end" style="text-align:end"></div></nav><nav class="t-hidden md:t-flex t-w-full t-justify-center t-z-[9999] t-py-0 t-bg-surface-fourth border-b-white subNavigation_borderBottom__BcA_h" style="margin-top:55px"><ul class="t-flex t-gap-x-[72px] t-items-center subNavigation_responsiveGap__j1yb_ "><li class="t-flex t-text-text-secondary t-gap-x-1 button-mid-medium t-p-1"> <a title="News" href="/news">NEWS</a></li><li class="t-flex t-text-text-secondary t-gap-x-1 button-mid-medium t-p-1" style="padding-top:5px">IE PRO <svg style="margin-top:1px" width="20" height="17" viewBox="0 0 20 17" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10.4497 4.50362C10.5852 4.67623 10.8243 4.72819 11.0192 4.62742L12.8952 3.65765C13.2221 3.48866 13.6045 3.7555 13.5587 4.12064L12.9431 9.0283C12.9144 9.25698 12.72 9.42855 12.4895 9.42855H6.99738H7.00295H1.51078C1.28031 9.42855 1.08588 9.25698 1.05719 9.0283L0.441604 4.12064C0.395804 3.7555 0.778215 3.48866 1.10512 3.65765L2.98006 4.62688C3.17546 4.7279 3.4151 4.67542 3.55041 4.502L6.62941 0.555719C6.81208 0.321589 7.16601 0.321055 7.34939 0.554632L10.4497 4.50362Z" fill="#A24DBF"></path></svg></li><li class="t-flex t-text-text-secondary t-gap-x-1 button-mid-medium t-p-1"><a title="Newsletters" href="/newsletters">NEWSLETTERS</a></li><li class="t-flex t-text-text-secondary t-gap-x-1 button-mid-medium t-p-1"><a title="IE Academy" href="/ie-academy">IE ACADEMY</a></li><li class="t-flex t-text-text-secondary t-gap-x-1 button-mid-medium t-p-1"><a title="Podcasts" href="/podcast/lexicon">PODCASTS</a></li><li class="t-flex t-text-text-secondary t-gap-x-1 button-mid-medium t-p-1"><a title="Shop" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://shop.interestingengineering.com" target="_blank">SHOP</a></li><li class="t-flex t-text-text-secondary t-gap-x-1 button-mid-medium t-p-1"><a title="Jobs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://jobs.interestingengineering.com">JOBS</a></li></ul></nav><div class=" t-w-1"></div><div class="md:t-min-h-[calc(100vh-350px)]"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light"},"author":{"name":"Rupendra Brahambhatt","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/04d17e51bc5c6742dc3271715a1d33e1"},"headline":"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency","datePublished":"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-22T10:56:03+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light"},"wordCount":661,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg","caption":"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team."},"thumbnailUrl":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg","keywords":["Energy & Environment","Physics","thermal energy"],"articleSection":["Energy"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#respond"]}],"copyrightYear":"2024","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light","url":"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light","name":"New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg","datePublished":"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-22T10:56:03+00:00","description":"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#primaryimage","url":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg","contentUrl":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080,"caption":"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"News","item":"https://interestingengineering.com/news"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Energy","item":"https://interestingengineering.com/energy"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#website","url":"https://interestingengineering.com/","name":"Interesting Engineering","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization","name":"Interesting Engineering","url":"https://interestingengineering.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg","width":590,"height":198,"caption":"Interesting Engineering"},"image":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/","https://x.com/IntEngineering","https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/"],"email":"info@interestingengineering.com","numberOfEmployees":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","minValue":"201","maxValue":"500"},"publishingPrinciples":"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page"}]}</script><main class="t-bg-surface-primary t-pt-[10px] mb:t-pt-[70px]"><div class="t-hidden"><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">1</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light" title="Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency">Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt" title="Rupendra Brahambhatt" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Rupendra Brahambhatt</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">a day ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light" title="Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need" title="US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub">US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj" title="Abhishek Bhardwaj" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Abhishek Bhardwaj</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">a day ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 1</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need" title="US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere" title="US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide">US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 3</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere" title="US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-thinnest-spaghetti-created-ucl" title="World’s thinnest spaghetti that's 200 times thinner than a human hair created">World’s thinnest spaghetti that's 200 times thinner than a human hair created</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta" title="Srishti Gupta" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Srishti Gupta</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-thinnest-spaghetti-created-ucl" title="World’s thinnest spaghetti that's 200 times thinner than a human hair created"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy" title="New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells">New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 1</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy" title="New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr" title="Carbon fiber cathodes to power next-gen small modular nuclear fusion reactors">Carbon fiber cathodes to power next-gen small modular nuclear fusion reactors</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi" title="Aman Tripathi" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Aman Tripathi</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 1</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr" title="Carbon fiber cathodes to power next-gen small modular nuclear fusion reactors"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drones-to-soar-without-gps-using-fingerprint-tech" title="Drones to soar without GPS using unique fingerprint-inspired navigation tech">Drones to soar without GPS using unique fingerprint-inspired navigation tech</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" title="Jijo Malayil" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Jijo Malayil</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drones-to-soar-without-gps-using-fingerprint-tech" title="Drones to soar without GPS using unique fingerprint-inspired navigation tech"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us" title="Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power">Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja" title="Ameya Paleja" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Ameya Paleja</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us" title="Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost" title="Egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor lands big backing for 880 MW power plant">Egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor lands big backing for 880 MW power plant</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi" title="Aman Tripathi" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Aman Tripathi</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost" title="Egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor lands big backing for 880 MW power plant"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/transportation" title="Transportation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Transportation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/honda-solid-state-ev-battery-demo-line" title="Honda’s game-changing solid-state EV battery line unveiled in Japan ">Honda’s game-changing solid-state EV battery line unveiled in Japan </a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha" title="Sujita Sinha" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Sujita Sinha</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/honda-solid-state-ev-battery-demo-line" title="Honda’s game-changing solid-state EV battery line unveiled in Japan "><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">1</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-drummer-faster-than-humans" title="Robot drummer that's faster than humans could help musicians hone their craft">Robot drummer that's faster than humans could help musicians hone their craft</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">4 minutes ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-drummer-faster-than-humans" title="Robot drummer that's faster than humans could help musicians hone their craft"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/dtc-quantum-gate-with-high-fidelity" title="Exceptional quantum gate with 99.9% fidelity promises errorless computing">Exceptional quantum gate with 99.9% fidelity promises errorless computing</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt" title="Rupendra Brahambhatt" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Rupendra Brahambhatt</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">40 minutes ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/dtc-quantum-gate-with-high-fidelity" title="Exceptional quantum gate with 99.9% fidelity promises errorless computing"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/huawei-ai-chips-power-china-next-generation-surgery-technology" title="Huawei AI chips to power China's next-gen surgery tech for medical breakthroughs">Huawei AI chips to power China's next-gen surgery tech for medical breakthroughs</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski" title="Bojan Stojkovski" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Bojan Stojkovski</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">an hour ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/huawei-ai-chips-power-china-next-generation-surgery-technology" title="Huawei AI chips to power China's next-gen surgery tech for medical breakthroughs"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation" title="Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030">Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">an hour ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation" title="Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/space" title="Space"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Space</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered" title="Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists">Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered" title="Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-rankings" title="China military's supercomputer tops global rankings, clocks 6,320 MTEPS/W">China military's supercomputer tops global rankings, clocks 6,320 MTEPS/W</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski" title="Bojan Stojkovski" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Bojan Stojkovski</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-rankings" title="China military's supercomputer tops global rankings, clocks 6,320 MTEPS/W"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown" title="US' nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency">US' nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">4 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown" title="US' nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/culture" title="Culture"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Culture</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/most-studied-roman-aqueduct-near-dorchester-found-to-extend-two-kilometers" title="Most-studied Roman aqueduct near Dorchester longer than previous estimates: Study">Most-studied Roman aqueduct near Dorchester longer than previous estimates: Study</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/gairika-mitra" title="Gairika Mitra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Gairika Mitra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">5 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/most-studied-roman-aqueduct-near-dorchester-found-to-extend-two-kilometers" title="Most-studied Roman aqueduct near Dorchester longer than previous estimates: Study"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/black-hole-singularity-remains-hidden" title="'Cosmic censorship' confirmed: New quantum model unlocks black hole singularities">'Cosmic censorship' confirmed: New quantum model unlocks black hole singularities</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt" title="Rupendra Brahambhatt" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Rupendra Brahambhatt</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">7 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/black-hole-singularity-remains-hidden" title="'Cosmic censorship' confirmed: New quantum model unlocks black hole singularities"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3 t-bg-surface-premium t-p-6 dark:t-bg-transparent"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-flex t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center"><svg width="19" height="16" viewBox="0 0 19 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 0H18.1111C18.602 0 19 0.397969 19 0.888889V16H0V0Z" fill="#FAF0E1"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.4686 4.84995V3.83745V2.82496H5.27474V12.95H10.5662L10.0294 10.9305H7.29808V8.89722H10.5662V7.69077V6.8777H7.29808V4.84448L11.4686 4.84995Z" fill="#007FC0"></path><path d="M4.25828 2.82495L1.84985 2.82496V12.95H4.25828V2.82495Z" fill="#007FC0"></path><path d="M10.9623 10.925L11.4685 12.95H12.9873V14.975H15.0123V12.95H17.0373V10.925H15.0123V8.89996H12.9873V10.925H11.9748H10.9623Z" fill="#FF9900"></path></svg></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry" title="How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry">How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young" title="Chris Young" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Chris Young</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">7 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry" title="How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div></div><article class="t-flex t-flex-col t-w-full t-justify-center t-gap-4 md:t-gap-8 "><section class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-gap-4 md:t-gap-4 t-self-center t-tab-px-16 t-px-4 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class=" t-sticky t-top-25 t-hidden"><div class="social-icons socialShare_social_icons__LETos"><ul class="socialShare_social_icons__items__hXN9l"><li class="socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A socialShare_social_icons__share_item__GGheb"><button type="button" class="t-flex socialShare_social_icons__share__k9ioK"><span class="socialShare_social_icons__label__ws_a_">Share</span><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__share_image__gKaE_ socialShare_social_icons__share_main__nyTx4" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="share-icon-path" d="M8.84 13.76L15.67 17.74M15.66 6.76L8.84 10.74M21.25 5.25C21.25 6.90685 19.9069 8.25 18.25 8.25C16.5931 8.25 15.25 6.90685 15.25 5.25C15.25 3.59315 16.5931 2.25 18.25 2.25C19.9069 2.25 21.25 3.59315 21.25 5.25ZM9.25 12.25C9.25 13.9069 7.90685 15.25 6.25 15.25C4.59315 15.25 3.25 13.9069 3.25 12.25C3.25 10.5931 4.59315 9.25 6.25 9.25C7.90685 9.25 9.25 10.5931 9.25 12.25ZM21.25 19.25C21.25 20.9069 19.9069 22.25 18.25 22.25C16.5931 22.25 15.25 20.9069 15.25 19.25C15.25 17.5931 16.5931 16.25 18.25 16.25C19.9069 16.25 21.25 17.5931 21.25 19.25Z" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></button></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><button type="button" class="t-flex"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__share_image__gKaE_" width="23" height="23" viewBox="0 0 23 23" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M9.44608 12.6498C9.83259 13.1665 10.3257 13.594 10.892 13.9034C11.4582 14.2128 12.0844 14.3968 12.7281 14.4429C13.3717 14.489 14.0177 14.3961 14.6223 14.1706C15.2269 13.9451 15.7759 13.5921 16.2321 13.1358L18.9321 10.4358C19.7518 9.58706 20.2054 8.45035 20.1951 7.27047C20.1849 6.09058 19.7116 4.96193 18.8773 4.12759C18.0429 3.29325 16.9143 2.81999 15.7344 2.80974C14.5545 2.79949 13.4178 3.25306 12.5691 4.07277L11.0211 5.61177M13.0461 10.8498C12.6596 10.3331 12.1665 9.90551 11.6002 9.59613C11.0339 9.28675 10.4077 9.10277 9.76409 9.05667C9.12046 9.01058 8.47445 9.10344 7.86987 9.32897C7.26528 9.5545 6.71628 9.90741 6.26008 10.3638L3.56008 13.0638C2.74037 13.9125 2.28679 15.0492 2.29705 16.2291C2.3073 17.409 2.78056 18.5376 3.61489 19.372C4.44923 20.2063 5.57789 20.6796 6.75777 20.6898C7.93766 20.7001 9.07437 20.2465 9.92308 19.4268L11.4621 17.8878" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="1.8" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></button></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><a rel="social-icons__link" class="t-flex" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light" target="_blank"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__fill__z4PXK" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none"><path d="M18.6534 0.799805H1.84816C1.57101 0.801865 1.3058 0.912875 1.10983 1.10885C0.913852 1.30483 0.802842 1.57004 0.800781 1.84718V18.6524C0.802842 18.9296 0.913852 19.1948 1.10983 19.3908C1.3058 19.5867 1.57101 19.6977 1.84816 19.6998H10.8965V12.3918H8.43953V9.53318H10.8965V7.43055C10.8965 4.9893 12.3849 3.65843 14.5742 3.65843C15.3065 3.65843 16.0389 3.65843 16.7713 3.76868V6.3123H15.2672C14.078 6.3123 13.8497 6.8793 13.8497 7.70618V9.5253H16.6847L16.3145 12.3839H13.8497V19.6998H18.6534C18.9305 19.6977 19.1958 19.5867 19.3917 19.3908C19.5877 19.1948 19.6987 18.9296 19.7008 18.6524V1.84718C19.6987 1.57004 19.5877 1.30483 19.3917 1.10885C19.1958 0.912875 18.9305 0.801865 18.6534 0.799805Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></a></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-flex" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__fill__z4PXK" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#000000" version="1.1" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M116.504,500.219V170.654H6.975v329.564H116.504 L116.504,500.219z M61.751,125.674c38.183,0,61.968-25.328,61.968-56.953c-0.722-32.328-23.785-56.941-61.252-56.941 C24.994,11.781,0.5,36.394,0.5,68.722c0,31.625,23.772,56.953,60.53,56.953H61.751L61.751,125.674z M177.124,500.219 c0,0,1.437-298.643,0-329.564H286.67v47.794h-0.727c14.404-22.49,40.354-55.533,99.44-55.533 c72.085,0,126.116,47.103,126.116,148.333v188.971H401.971V323.912c0-44.301-15.848-74.531-55.497-74.531 c-30.254,0-48.284,20.38-56.202,40.08c-2.897,7.012-3.602,16.861-3.602,26.711v184.047H177.124L177.124,500.219z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-flex" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light" target="_blank"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__fill__z4PXK" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="19" height="17" viewBox="0 0 19 17" fill="none"><path d="M0.293799 0.799805L7.24339 9.73503L0.25 16.9998H1.82406L7.94689 10.6392L12.8938 16.9998H18.25L10.9092 7.56208L17.4187 0.799805H15.8447L10.206 6.65758L5.65 0.799805H0.293799ZM2.60852 1.9146H5.06913L15.935 15.885H13.4744L2.60852 1.9146Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></a></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-flex" href="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light&title=Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency" target="_blank"><svg width="19" height="18" viewBox="0 0 19 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10.9285 11.4711C10.9922 11.5306 10.9922 11.6277 10.9285 11.6879C10.5798 12.0151 10.033 12.1745 9.25525 12.1745L9.24925 12.1731L9.24325 12.1745C8.46625 12.1745 7.91875 12.0151 7.57 11.6872C7.50625 11.6277 7.50625 11.5306 7.57 11.4711C7.633 11.4116 7.7365 11.4116 7.80025 11.4711C8.0845 11.7382 8.55625 11.8685 9.24325 11.8685L9.24925 11.8699L9.25525 11.8685C9.9415 11.8685 10.4132 11.7382 10.6982 11.4711C10.762 11.4116 10.8655 11.4116 10.9285 11.4711ZM8.3485 9.75836C8.3485 9.39923 8.038 9.1074 7.657 9.1074C7.27525 9.1074 6.96475 9.39923 6.96475 9.75836C6.96475 10.1168 7.27525 10.4086 7.657 10.4086C8.038 10.4093 8.3485 10.1175 8.3485 9.75836ZM18.25 9.09961C18.25 13.7937 14.2203 17.5996 9.25 17.5996C4.27975 17.5996 0.25 13.7937 0.25 9.09961C0.25 4.40548 4.27975 0.599609 9.25 0.599609C14.2203 0.599609 18.25 4.40548 18.25 9.09961ZM14.5 9.00823C14.5 8.40544 13.9788 7.91528 13.3375 7.91528C13.0248 7.91528 12.7413 8.03357 12.532 8.2234C11.74 7.73111 10.6683 7.41803 9.4825 7.37765L10.1313 5.44815L11.8885 5.83703L11.8863 5.86111C11.8863 6.35411 12.313 6.75503 12.8373 6.75503C13.3615 6.75503 13.7875 6.35411 13.7875 5.86111C13.7875 5.36811 13.3615 4.96719 12.8373 4.96719C12.4345 4.96719 12.0918 5.20448 11.953 5.53669L10.0592 5.11736C9.97675 5.09823 9.892 5.14357 9.8665 5.22007L9.14275 7.37198C7.90075 7.38615 6.7765 7.70207 5.94925 8.20853C5.7415 8.0279 5.46625 7.91457 5.16175 7.91457C4.52125 7.91528 4 8.40544 4 9.00823C4 9.40915 4.23325 9.75623 4.576 9.94678C4.5535 10.0629 4.5385 10.1812 4.5385 10.3009C4.5385 11.9167 6.64225 13.2313 9.22825 13.2313C11.8142 13.2313 13.918 11.9167 13.918 10.3009C13.918 10.1876 13.9053 10.0764 13.885 9.96661C14.2495 9.78173 14.5 9.42403 14.5 9.00823ZM10.846 9.10811C10.4643 9.10811 10.1545 9.39994 10.1545 9.75907C10.1545 10.1175 10.465 10.4093 10.846 10.4093C11.227 10.4093 11.5375 10.1175 11.5375 9.75907C11.5375 9.39994 11.2277 9.10811 10.846 9.10811Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></a></li></ul><ul class="socialShare_social_icons__items__hXN9l socialShare_social_icons__box__yeOz7"><li class="socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><button class="t-flex " type="button"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__share_image__gKaE_" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none"><path d="M5.25 8.3498C5.25 6.66965 5.25 5.82957 5.57698 5.18783C5.8646 4.62335 6.32354 4.16441 6.88803 3.87679C7.52976 3.5498 8.36984 3.5498 10.05 3.5498H14.45C16.1302 3.5498 16.9702 3.5498 17.612 3.87679C18.1765 4.16441 18.6354 4.62335 18.923 5.18783C19.25 5.82957 19.25 6.66965 19.25 8.3498V21.5498L12.25 17.5498L5.25 21.5498V8.3498Z" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></button></li><li class=" socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><button class="t-flex" type="button"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__fill__z4PXK" style="width:17px;height:15px" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 19 20" fill="none"><path d="M5.43284 0.842774L5.47001 0.842774H13.03L13.0672 0.842774C13.7916 0.842762 14.3896 0.842753 14.8767 0.882548C15.3825 0.923881 15.8476 1.01259 16.2844 1.23515C16.9618 1.58029 17.5125 2.13102 17.8576 2.80841C18.0802 3.24521 18.1689 3.71024 18.2102 4.21613C18.25 4.70321 18.25 5.30113 18.25 6.0256V6.06277V10.9228V10.9599C18.25 11.6844 18.25 12.2823 18.2102 12.7694C18.1689 13.2753 18.0802 13.7403 17.8576 14.1771C17.5125 14.8545 16.9618 15.4053 16.2844 15.7504C15.8476 15.973 15.3825 16.0617 14.8766 16.103C14.3896 16.1428 13.7917 16.1428 13.0672 16.1428H13.03H7.16538C6.56768 16.1428 6.39363 16.147 6.23524 16.1795C6.07637 16.2121 5.92263 16.2661 5.7782 16.3398C5.63422 16.4134 5.49565 16.5188 5.02892 16.8922L2.88201 18.6097L2.85708 18.6297C2.69177 18.762 2.52328 18.8968 2.37515 18.9948C2.23347 19.0884 1.95875 19.2561 1.60147 19.2565C1.19033 19.2569 0.801409 19.07 0.544925 18.7487C0.322033 18.4695 0.281351 18.1502 0.265986 17.981C0.249922 17.8042 0.249963 17.5884 0.250004 17.3766L0.250008 17.3447V6.06277L0.250008 6.02561C0.249996 5.30113 0.249987 4.70321 0.289782 4.21613C0.331115 3.71024 0.419823 3.24521 0.642385 2.80841C0.987529 2.13102 1.53826 1.58029 2.21564 1.23515C2.65244 1.01259 3.11748 0.923881 3.62336 0.882548C4.11044 0.842753 4.70837 0.842762 5.43284 0.842774ZM3.76994 2.67657C3.37537 2.70881 3.17358 2.76724 3.03282 2.83896C2.69413 3.01153 2.41877 3.2869 2.2462 3.62559C2.17448 3.76635 2.11604 3.96813 2.0838 4.36271C2.05071 4.76779 2.05001 5.29185 2.05001 6.06277V16.9702L3.90447 15.4866C3.92494 15.4703 3.94513 15.4541 3.96506 15.4381C4.34492 15.134 4.63207 14.9041 4.95929 14.7369C5.24814 14.5893 5.55562 14.4815 5.87336 14.4163C6.23331 14.3424 6.60117 14.3426 7.0878 14.3428C7.11333 14.3428 7.13918 14.3428 7.16538 14.3428H13.03C13.8009 14.3428 14.325 14.3421 14.7301 14.309C15.1246 14.2767 15.3264 14.2183 15.4672 14.1466C15.8059 13.974 16.0812 13.6986 16.2538 13.36C16.3255 13.2192 16.384 13.0174 16.4162 12.6228C16.4493 12.2178 16.45 11.6937 16.45 10.9228V6.06277C16.45 5.29185 16.4493 4.76779 16.4162 4.36271C16.384 3.96813 16.3255 3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div></div><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-flex-col t-pl-[8.50%]"><div class="article-heading t-w-full md:t-w-[53.75%]"><ul class="article-badges t-flex-wrap md:t-gap-[8px] t-gap-[8px] t-flex"><li class="t-flex"><a class="t-flex" href="/energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 t-capitalize t-px-2 t-py-1">Energy</div></a></li></ul><h1 class="content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading">Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency</h1><h4 class="article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA"><p>In TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.</p> </h4><time class="t-mt-4 t-text-sm t-text-gray-500"><b>Updated:</b> Nov 22, 2024 05:56 AM EST</time></div></div><section class="t-flex t-justify-center max-md:t-flex-col t-mt-6 max-md:t-mt-0 md:t-mt-[0]"><div class="t-w-full md:t-w-[60%] t-pl-[8.50%]"><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="article-heading"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mb-1"></div><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-justify-between headingSection_author_info__s8Xap"><div class="author-info t-flex t-justify-left t-gap-2 headingSection_article_info_left__Wirfv"><div class="headingSection_author_info__avatar__LEJVf"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt"><img src="https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg" alt="Rupendra Brahambhatt" class="t-w-full md:t-w-[50px] headingSection_author_info__image___0MRY"/></a></div><div><p class="h4-style-desktop t-font-bold braintree-heading headingSection_text_no_wrap__9jTRs"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt">Rupendra Brahambhatt</a></p><ul class="author-social-links Author_socialLinks__pJtg4"></ul></div></div><div class="headingSection_article_info__FQ2mg article-info t-flex t-justify-left t-items-center t-bg-color-500 undefined"><div class="headingSection_article_info__date__GgRIP article-info__date body-xsmall-medium color-gray-500">a day ago</div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] md:t-my-[16px] md:t-mx-[16px] t-mx-[0px] headingSection_article_info__separator___1c_Q"></div><div class="article-info__comment headingSection_article_info__comment__1a_Uz "><button class="t-flex t-justify-center md:t-gap-[4px] max-md:t-flex-colc headingSection_article_info__comment_wrapper__Uj5_U t-cursor-pointer"><svg class="headingSection_article_info__comment_svg__Rds4y" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="19" height="20" viewBox="0 0 19 20" fill="none"><path class="headingSection_author_share_item__path__mrP1U" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.43284 0.842774L5.47001 0.842774H13.03L13.0672 0.842774C13.7916 0.842762 14.3896 0.842753 14.8767 0.882548C15.3825 0.923881 15.8476 1.01259 16.2844 1.23515C16.9618 1.58029 17.5125 2.13102 17.8576 2.80841C18.0802 3.24521 18.1689 3.71024 18.2102 4.21613C18.25 4.70321 18.25 5.30113 18.25 6.0256V6.06277V10.9228V10.9599C18.25 11.6844 18.25 12.2823 18.2102 12.7694C18.1689 13.2753 18.0802 13.7403 17.8576 14.1771C17.5125 14.8545 16.9618 15.4053 16.2844 15.7504C15.8476 15.973 15.3825 16.0617 14.8766 16.103C14.3896 16.1428 13.7917 16.1428 13.0672 16.1428H13.03H7.16538C6.56768 16.1428 6.39363 16.147 6.23524 16.1795C6.07637 16.2121 5.92263 16.2661 5.7782 16.3398C5.63422 16.4134 5.49565 16.5188 5.02892 16.8922L2.88201 18.6097L2.85708 18.6297C2.69177 18.762 2.52328 18.8968 2.37515 18.9948C2.23347 19.0884 1.95875 19.2561 1.60147 19.2565C1.19033 19.2569 0.801409 19.07 0.544925 18.7487C0.322033 18.4695 0.281351 18.1502 0.265986 17.981C0.249922 17.8042 0.249963 17.5884 0.250004 17.3766L0.250008 17.3447V6.06277L0.250008 6.02561C0.249996 5.30113 0.249987 4.70321 0.289782 4.21613C0.331115 3.71024 0.419823 3.24521 0.642385 2.80841C0.987529 2.13102 1.53826 1.58029 2.21564 1.23515C2.65244 1.01259 3.11748 0.923881 3.62336 0.882548C4.11044 0.842753 4.70837 0.842762 5.43284 0.842774ZM3.76994 2.67657C3.37537 2.70881 3.17358 2.76724 3.03282 2.83896C2.69413 3.01153 2.41877 3.2869 2.2462 3.62559C2.17448 3.76635 2.11604 3.96813 2.0838 4.36271C2.05071 4.76779 2.05001 5.29185 2.05001 6.06277V16.9702L3.90447 15.4866C3.92494 15.4703 3.94513 15.4541 3.96506 15.4381C4.34492 15.134 4.63207 14.9041 4.95929 14.7369C5.24814 14.5893 5.55562 14.4815 5.87336 14.4163C6.23331 14.3424 6.60117 14.3426 7.0878 14.3428C7.11333 14.3428 7.13918 14.3428 7.16538 14.3428H13.03C13.8009 14.3428 14.325 14.3421 14.7301 14.309C15.1246 14.2767 15.3264 14.2183 15.4672 14.1466C15.8059 13.974 16.0812 13.6986 16.2538 13.36C16.3255 13.2192 16.384 13.0174 16.4162 12.6228C16.4493 12.2178 16.45 11.6937 16.45 10.9228V6.06277C16.45 5.29185 16.4493 4.76779 16.4162 4.36271C16.384 3.96813 16.3255 3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg><span class="body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-invert author-comment-count">0</span></button></div></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mb-4 t-mt-1"></div><div class=" "><div class="social-icons socialShare_social_icons__LETos"><ul class="socialShare_social_icons__items__hXN9l"><li class="socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A socialShare_social_icons__share_item__GGheb"><button type="button" class="t-flex socialShare_social_icons__share__k9ioK"><span class="socialShare_social_icons__label__ws_a_">Share</span><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__share_image__gKaE_ socialShare_social_icons__share_main__nyTx4" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="share-icon-path" d="M8.84 13.76L15.67 17.74M15.66 6.76L8.84 10.74M21.25 5.25C21.25 6.90685 19.9069 8.25 18.25 8.25C16.5931 8.25 15.25 6.90685 15.25 5.25C15.25 3.59315 16.5931 2.25 18.25 2.25C19.9069 2.25 21.25 3.59315 21.25 5.25ZM9.25 12.25C9.25 13.9069 7.90685 15.25 6.25 15.25C4.59315 15.25 3.25 13.9069 3.25 12.25C3.25 10.5931 4.59315 9.25 6.25 9.25C7.90685 9.25 9.25 10.5931 9.25 12.25ZM21.25 19.25C21.25 20.9069 19.9069 22.25 18.25 22.25C16.5931 22.25 15.25 20.9069 15.25 19.25C15.25 17.5931 16.5931 16.25 18.25 16.25C19.9069 16.25 21.25 17.5931 21.25 19.25Z" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></button></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><button type="button" class="t-flex"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__share_image__gKaE_" width="23" height="23" viewBox="0 0 23 23" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M9.44608 12.6498C9.83259 13.1665 10.3257 13.594 10.892 13.9034C11.4582 14.2128 12.0844 14.3968 12.7281 14.4429C13.3717 14.489 14.0177 14.3961 14.6223 14.1706C15.2269 13.9451 15.7759 13.5921 16.2321 13.1358L18.9321 10.4358C19.7518 9.58706 20.2054 8.45035 20.1951 7.27047C20.1849 6.09058 19.7116 4.96193 18.8773 4.12759C18.0429 3.29325 16.9143 2.81999 15.7344 2.80974C14.5545 2.79949 13.4178 3.25306 12.5691 4.07277L11.0211 5.61177M13.0461 10.8498C12.6596 10.3331 12.1665 9.90551 11.6002 9.59613C11.0339 9.28675 10.4077 9.10277 9.76409 9.05667C9.12046 9.01058 8.47445 9.10344 7.86987 9.32897C7.26528 9.5545 6.71628 9.90741 6.26008 10.3638L3.56008 13.0638C2.74037 13.9125 2.28679 15.0492 2.29705 16.2291C2.3073 17.409 2.78056 18.5376 3.61489 19.372C4.44923 20.2063 5.57789 20.6796 6.75777 20.6898C7.93766 20.7001 9.07437 20.2465 9.92308 19.4268L11.4621 17.8878" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="1.8" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></button></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><a rel="social-icons__link" class="t-flex" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light" target="_blank"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__fill__z4PXK" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none"><path d="M18.6534 0.799805H1.84816C1.57101 0.801865 1.3058 0.912875 1.10983 1.10885C0.913852 1.30483 0.802842 1.57004 0.800781 1.84718V18.6524C0.802842 18.9296 0.913852 19.1948 1.10983 19.3908C1.3058 19.5867 1.57101 19.6977 1.84816 19.6998H10.8965V12.3918H8.43953V9.53318H10.8965V7.43055C10.8965 4.9893 12.3849 3.65843 14.5742 3.65843C15.3065 3.65843 16.0389 3.65843 16.7713 3.76868V6.3123H15.2672C14.078 6.3123 13.8497 6.8793 13.8497 7.70618V9.5253H16.6847L16.3145 12.3839H13.8497V19.6998H18.6534C18.9305 19.6977 19.1958 19.5867 19.3917 19.3908C19.5877 19.1948 19.6987 18.9296 19.7008 18.6524V1.84718C19.6987 1.57004 19.5877 1.30483 19.3917 1.10885C19.1958 0.912875 18.9305 0.801865 18.6534 0.799805Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></a></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-flex" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__fill__z4PXK" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#000000" version="1.1" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M116.504,500.219V170.654H6.975v329.564H116.504 L116.504,500.219z M61.751,125.674c38.183,0,61.968-25.328,61.968-56.953c-0.722-32.328-23.785-56.941-61.252-56.941 C24.994,11.781,0.5,36.394,0.5,68.722c0,31.625,23.772,56.953,60.53,56.953H61.751L61.751,125.674z M177.124,500.219 c0,0,1.437-298.643,0-329.564H286.67v47.794h-0.727c14.404-22.49,40.354-55.533,99.44-55.533 c72.085,0,126.116,47.103,126.116,148.333v188.971H401.971V323.912c0-44.301-15.848-74.531-55.497-74.531 c-30.254,0-48.284,20.38-56.202,40.08c-2.897,7.012-3.602,16.861-3.602,26.711v184.047H177.124L177.124,500.219z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-flex" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light" target="_blank"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__fill__z4PXK" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="19" height="17" viewBox="0 0 19 17" fill="none"><path d="M0.293799 0.799805L7.24339 9.73503L0.25 16.9998H1.82406L7.94689 10.6392L12.8938 16.9998H18.25L10.9092 7.56208L17.4187 0.799805H15.8447L10.206 6.65758L5.65 0.799805H0.293799ZM2.60852 1.9146H5.06913L15.935 15.885H13.4744L2.60852 1.9146Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></a></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-flex" href="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light&title=Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency" target="_blank"><svg width="19" height="18" viewBox="0 0 19 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10.9285 11.4711C10.9922 11.5306 10.9922 11.6277 10.9285 11.6879C10.5798 12.0151 10.033 12.1745 9.25525 12.1745L9.24925 12.1731L9.24325 12.1745C8.46625 12.1745 7.91875 12.0151 7.57 11.6872C7.50625 11.6277 7.50625 11.5306 7.57 11.4711C7.633 11.4116 7.7365 11.4116 7.80025 11.4711C8.0845 11.7382 8.55625 11.8685 9.24325 11.8685L9.24925 11.8699L9.25525 11.8685C9.9415 11.8685 10.4132 11.7382 10.6982 11.4711C10.762 11.4116 10.8655 11.4116 10.9285 11.4711ZM8.3485 9.75836C8.3485 9.39923 8.038 9.1074 7.657 9.1074C7.27525 9.1074 6.96475 9.39923 6.96475 9.75836C6.96475 10.1168 7.27525 10.4086 7.657 10.4086C8.038 10.4093 8.3485 10.1175 8.3485 9.75836ZM18.25 9.09961C18.25 13.7937 14.2203 17.5996 9.25 17.5996C4.27975 17.5996 0.25 13.7937 0.25 9.09961C0.25 4.40548 4.27975 0.599609 9.25 0.599609C14.2203 0.599609 18.25 4.40548 18.25 9.09961ZM14.5 9.00823C14.5 8.40544 13.9788 7.91528 13.3375 7.91528C13.0248 7.91528 12.7413 8.03357 12.532 8.2234C11.74 7.73111 10.6683 7.41803 9.4825 7.37765L10.1313 5.44815L11.8885 5.83703L11.8863 5.86111C11.8863 6.35411 12.313 6.75503 12.8373 6.75503C13.3615 6.75503 13.7875 6.35411 13.7875 5.86111C13.7875 5.36811 13.3615 4.96719 12.8373 4.96719C12.4345 4.96719 12.0918 5.20448 11.953 5.53669L10.0592 5.11736C9.97675 5.09823 9.892 5.14357 9.8665 5.22007L9.14275 7.37198C7.90075 7.38615 6.7765 7.70207 5.94925 8.20853C5.7415 8.0279 5.46625 7.91457 5.16175 7.91457C4.52125 7.91528 4 8.40544 4 9.00823C4 9.40915 4.23325 9.75623 4.576 9.94678C4.5535 10.0629 4.5385 10.1812 4.5385 10.3009C4.5385 11.9167 6.64225 13.2313 9.22825 13.2313C11.8142 13.2313 13.918 11.9167 13.918 10.3009C13.918 10.1876 13.9053 10.0764 13.885 9.96661C14.2495 9.78173 14.5 9.42403 14.5 9.00823ZM10.846 9.10811C10.4643 9.10811 10.1545 9.39994 10.1545 9.75907C10.1545 10.1175 10.465 10.4093 10.846 10.4093C11.227 10.4093 11.5375 10.1175 11.5375 9.75907C11.5375 9.39994 11.2277 9.10811 10.846 9.10811Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></a></li></ul><ul class="socialShare_social_icons__items__hXN9l socialShare_social_icons__box__yeOz7"><li class="socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><button class="t-flex " type="button"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__share_image__gKaE_" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none"><path d="M5.25 8.3498C5.25 6.66965 5.25 5.82957 5.57698 5.18783C5.8646 4.62335 6.32354 4.16441 6.88803 3.87679C7.52976 3.5498 8.36984 3.5498 10.05 3.5498H14.45C16.1302 3.5498 16.9702 3.5498 17.612 3.87679C18.1765 4.16441 18.6354 4.62335 18.923 5.18783C19.25 5.82957 19.25 6.66965 19.25 8.3498V21.5498L12.25 17.5498L5.25 21.5498V8.3498Z" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></button></li><li class=" socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><button class="t-flex" type="button"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__fill__z4PXK" style="width:17px;height:15px" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 19 20" fill="none"><path d="M5.43284 0.842774L5.47001 0.842774H13.03L13.0672 0.842774C13.7916 0.842762 14.3896 0.842753 14.8767 0.882548C15.3825 0.923881 15.8476 1.01259 16.2844 1.23515C16.9618 1.58029 17.5125 2.13102 17.8576 2.80841C18.0802 3.24521 18.1689 3.71024 18.2102 4.21613C18.25 4.70321 18.25 5.30113 18.25 6.0256V6.06277V10.9228V10.9599C18.25 11.6844 18.25 12.2823 18.2102 12.7694C18.1689 13.2753 18.0802 13.7403 17.8576 14.1771C17.5125 14.8545 16.9618 15.4053 16.2844 15.7504C15.8476 15.973 15.3825 16.0617 14.8766 16.103C14.3896 16.1428 13.7917 16.1428 13.0672 16.1428H13.03H7.16538C6.56768 16.1428 6.39363 16.147 6.23524 16.1795C6.07637 16.2121 5.92263 16.2661 5.7782 16.3398C5.63422 16.4134 5.49565 16.5188 5.02892 16.8922L2.88201 18.6097L2.85708 18.6297C2.69177 18.762 2.52328 18.8968 2.37515 18.9948C2.23347 19.0884 1.95875 19.2561 1.60147 19.2565C1.19033 19.2569 0.801409 19.07 0.544925 18.7487C0.322033 18.4695 0.281351 18.1502 0.265986 17.981C0.249922 17.8042 0.249963 17.5884 0.250004 17.3766L0.250008 17.3447V6.06277L0.250008 6.02561C0.249996 5.30113 0.249987 4.70321 0.289782 4.21613C0.331115 3.71024 0.419823 3.24521 0.642385 2.80841C0.987529 2.13102 1.53826 1.58029 2.21564 1.23515C2.65244 1.01259 3.11748 0.923881 3.62336 0.882548C4.11044 0.842753 4.70837 0.842762 5.43284 0.842774ZM3.76994 2.67657C3.37537 2.70881 3.17358 2.76724 3.03282 2.83896C2.69413 3.01153 2.41877 3.2869 2.2462 3.62559C2.17448 3.76635 2.11604 3.96813 2.0838 4.36271C2.05071 4.76779 2.05001 5.29185 2.05001 6.06277V16.9702L3.90447 15.4866C3.92494 15.4703 3.94513 15.4541 3.96506 15.4381C4.34492 15.134 4.63207 14.9041 4.95929 14.7369C5.24814 14.5893 5.55562 14.4815 5.87336 14.4163C6.23331 14.3424 6.60117 14.3426 7.0878 14.3428C7.11333 14.3428 7.13918 14.3428 7.16538 14.3428H13.03C13.8009 14.3428 14.325 14.3421 14.7301 14.309C15.1246 14.2767 15.3264 14.2183 15.4672 14.1466C15.8059 13.974 16.0812 13.6986 16.2538 13.36C16.3255 13.2192 16.384 13.0174 16.4162 12.6228C16.4493 12.2178 16.45 11.6937 16.45 10.9228V6.06277C16.45 5.29185 16.4493 4.76779 16.4162 4.36271C16.384 3.96813 16.3255 3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="t-mb-4 md:t-mb-[16px] articleThumbnail_article_thumbnail__pQ08x"><img alt="Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency" loading="lazy" width="584" height="421" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="articleThumbnail_article_thumbnail__image__HYfDF" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2Fthermal-emitter.jpg&w=640&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2Fthermal-emitter.jpg&w=1200&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2Fthermal-emitter.jpg&w=1200&q=75"/><div class="t-flex t-justify-between article-thumbnail--info t-mt-2"><p class="article-thumbnail--description body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third">The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.</p><p class="article-thumbnail--reference body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third"><a href="https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Gustavo Raskosky/Rice University</em></a></p></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="body-content true articleBody_firstLetter__fWMYV body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Batteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.</p> <p>When it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>TES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">extra solar</a> or wind power when it’s available and supplying it during peak demand.</p> <p>Researchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland" rel="dofollow">TES systems</a>. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and <a href="https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">converts heat </a>into electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading h3-style" id="h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter">The significance of a good thermal emitter</h2> <p>TES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion. </p> <p>“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Until now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">thermal emitters</a>, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.</p> <p>An efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device. </p> <p>“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.</p> <p>With this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading h3-style" id="h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators">An innovation with talking resonators</h2> <p>The Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">tungsten</a> to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons. </p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe loading="lazy" title="Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div></figure> <p>They interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.</p> <p>“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note. </p> <p>Using the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">most useful photons</a> for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.</p></div></div><div class="recommendedArticle_recommended_article__ENN1_"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full max-md:t-hidden md:t-mb-[16px]"></div><h4 class="recommended-article--title overline-medium-bold color-gray-500">RECOMMENDED ARTICLES</h4><div class="OUTBRAIN" data-widget-id="GS_11"></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full max-md:t-hidden md:t-mb-[16px]"></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Their quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material. </p> <p>“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.</p> <p>Hopefully, the new thermal emitter will make <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">thermal energy storage</a> highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">study</a> is published in the journal <em>npj Nanophotonics</em>.</p> <p></p> </div></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class=""><div class="CommentSection_commentsblock__cerVm" id="commentsBlock"><div class="CommentSection_title__aI0LW t-inline-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-gap-1 comments-toggle"><span><svg class="CommentSection_commentsblock__icon__8tm_8 svg-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15px" height="15px" viewBox="0 0 13 12" fill="none"><path d="M1.5 3.90007C1.5 2.98989 1.5 2.5348 1.68166 2.18716C1.84144 1.88137 2.09641 1.63275 2.41002 1.47694C2.76654 1.2998 3.23325 1.2998 4.16667 1.2998H8.83333C9.76675 1.2998 10.2335 1.2998 10.59 1.47694C10.9036 1.63275 11.1586 1.88137 11.3183 2.18716C11.5 2.5348 11.5 2.98989 11.5 3.90007V6.82536C11.5 7.73554 11.5 8.19062 11.3183 8.53827C11.1586 8.84406 10.9036 9.09268 10.59 9.24849C10.2335 9.42562 9.76675 9.42562 8.83333 9.42562H5.21319C4.8665 9.42562 4.69315 9.42562 4.52734 9.4588C4.38024 9.48824 4.23789 9.53693 4.10416 9.60355C3.95343 9.67864 3.81807 9.78423 3.54734 9.99542L2.22209 11.0292C1.99093 11.2095 1.87535 11.2997 1.77808 11.2998C1.69348 11.2999 1.61346 11.2624 1.56068 11.1979C1.5 11.1238 1.5 10.9795 1.5 10.6908V3.90007Z" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.25" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></span><span>0</span><span>COMMENT</span><span><svg class="CommentSection_commentsblock__icon__8tm_8 svg-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path d="M10 7L15 12L10 17" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full md:t-my-[16px] t-my-4"></div><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterContainer__HOvEF t-w-full t-max-w-main-layout !t-p-5 newsletter-linear-background home-news-letter-banner t-pb-3 undefined"><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterLeft__P4Jv_"><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterResponsiveWrapper__OwUog"><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterResponsiveLeft__eH_nk"><div class="FilledTag_filledTag__LS32u overline-small" style="color:var(--text-invert);border-radius:2px;background:var(--button-ie-pressed, #005086)">NEWSLETTER</div><h5 class="h3-style-desktop t-text-text-negative">The Blueprint Daily</h5></div><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterResponsiveRight__0MavS"><img alt="MasterCard" loading="lazy" width="285" height="240" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="responsive-news-letter-image" style="color:transparent" src="https://interestingengineering.com//_next/static/media/news-letter-icon.a0397aae.svg"/></div></div><p class="body-small-medium t-mb-4">Stay up-to-date on engineering, tech, space, and science news with The Blueprint.</p><form class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterForm__EHndP news-letter-form"><div class="Input_input___MJ_T newsLetterEmailWrapper"><input class="body-x-small-bold newsLetterEmailInput" placeholder="Your Email" name="email"/></div><button class="PureButton_pureButton__JQ85q button-medium button-container button-medium-container filled-button-black button-medium-container NewsLetterBanner_subsBtn__lnv8w" type="submit">Mail Me <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg> </button></form><p class="body-x-small t-mt-2">By clicking sign up, you confirm that you accept this site's <a href="/tos">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="/policies">Privacy Policy</a></p></div><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterRight___YIfw"><img alt="MasterCard" loading="lazy" width="285" height="240" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="desktop-news-letter-image" style="color:transparent" src="https://interestingengineering.com//_next/static/media/news-letter-icon.a0397aae.svg"/></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full md:t-my-4 t-my-4"></div><div class=""><h4 class="t-pb-4 overline-medium-bold color-gray-500">ABOUT THE EDITOR</h4><p class="h5-style-desktop color-gray-900 articleBody_lineHeight_18__zYiLM"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt"><strong>Rupendra Brahambhatt</strong></a> Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.</p></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mb-2 t-mt-4 md:t-mt-4"></div><nav class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-items-center t-flex-wrap t-capitalize "><a href="/news" class="text-current">News</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="text-current"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg><a href="/energy" class="text-current">energy</a></nav><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mt-2"></div></div></div><div class="md:t-w-[11.33%]"><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] max-md:t-hidden t-mx-[68px] md:t-mx-[50%]"></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-gap-4 md:t-gap-4 t-self-center t-tab-px-16 t-px-4 md:t-px-0 undefined"><div id="articleRight" class="t-w-full md:t-w-[31.17%]"><div class="sidebar-section-1 max-md:t-hidden sidebar-section-background"></div><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__z4xbZ t-py-6 sidebar-section-3 max-md:t-hidden"><div class="t-flex t-justify-between t-mb-6 t-px-6"><h4 class="overline-medium-bold color-gray-500">POPULAR ARTICLES</h4></div><div class="popular-articles--items popularArticles_background_nth2__QNPMA t-flex t-flex-col"><div class="popular-articles--item popularArticles_background_nth2__QNPMA undefined t-flex t-items-center t-gap-[12px] t-py-[12px] t-px-[24px]"><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__count__r2D00">1</div><div><ul class="t-mb-2 t-flex t-items-center t-gap-4"><li><a title="science" href="/science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 popularArticles_tagBgColor__8Yno6">science</div></a></li></ul><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes"><h3 class="t-mb-2 h4-style-desktop t-font-bold popularArticles_h3_style_desktop__i5SMZ">Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better</h3></a><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-items-center t-gap-0 t-justify-between"><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__author__1QAei popularArticles_t_font_bold__D8K9Z popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67 popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja" class=" t-capitalize" title="Ameya Paleja">Ameya Paleja</a></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><div class="popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><p class="popularArticles_popular_articles__read_time__ZzjnH t-capitalize popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67">a day ago</p></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__comment_wrapper___xLhz popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67 popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><svg class="popularArticles_popular_articles__icon__Etu8e" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15" height="12.3" viewBox="0 0 19 20" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.43284 0.842774L5.47001 0.842774H13.03L13.0672 0.842774C13.7916 0.842762 14.3896 0.842753 14.8767 0.882548C15.3825 0.923881 15.8476 1.01259 16.2844 1.23515C16.9618 1.58029 17.5125 2.13102 17.8576 2.80841C18.0802 3.24521 18.1689 3.71024 18.2102 4.21613C18.25 4.70321 18.25 5.30113 18.25 6.0256V6.06277V10.9228V10.9599C18.25 11.6844 18.25 12.2823 18.2102 12.7694C18.1689 13.2753 18.0802 13.7403 17.8576 14.1771C17.5125 14.8545 16.9618 15.4053 16.2844 15.7504C15.8476 15.973 15.3825 16.0617 14.8766 16.103C14.3896 16.1428 13.7917 16.1428 13.0672 16.1428H13.03H7.16538C6.56768 16.1428 6.39363 16.147 6.23524 16.1795C6.07637 16.2121 5.92263 16.2661 5.7782 16.3398C5.63422 16.4134 5.49565 16.5188 5.02892 16.8922L2.88201 18.6097L2.85708 18.6297C2.69177 18.762 2.52328 18.8968 2.37515 18.9948C2.23347 19.0884 1.95875 19.2561 1.60147 19.2565C1.19033 19.2569 0.801409 19.07 0.544925 18.7487C0.322033 18.4695 0.281351 18.1502 0.265986 17.981C0.249922 17.8042 0.249963 17.5884 0.250004 17.3766L0.250008 17.3447V6.06277L0.250008 6.02561C0.249996 5.30113 0.249987 4.70321 0.289782 4.21613C0.331115 3.71024 0.419823 3.24521 0.642385 2.80841C0.987529 2.13102 1.53826 1.58029 2.21564 1.23515C2.65244 1.01259 3.11748 0.923881 3.62336 0.882548C4.11044 0.842753 4.70837 0.842762 5.43284 0.842774ZM3.76994 2.67657C3.37537 2.70881 3.17358 2.76724 3.03282 2.83896C2.69413 3.01153 2.41877 3.2869 2.2462 3.62559C2.17448 3.76635 2.11604 3.96813 2.0838 4.36271C2.05071 4.76779 2.05001 5.29185 2.05001 6.06277V16.9702L3.90447 15.4866C3.92494 15.4703 3.94513 15.4541 3.96506 15.4381C4.34492 15.134 4.63207 14.9041 4.95929 14.7369C5.24814 14.5893 5.55562 14.4815 5.87336 14.4163C6.23331 14.3424 6.60117 14.3426 7.0878 14.3428C7.11333 14.3428 7.13918 14.3428 7.16538 14.3428H13.03C13.8009 14.3428 14.325 14.3421 14.7301 14.309C15.1246 14.2767 15.3264 14.2183 15.4672 14.1466C15.8059 13.974 16.0812 13.6986 16.2538 13.36C16.3255 13.2192 16.384 13.0174 16.4162 12.6228C16.4493 12.2178 16.45 11.6937 16.45 10.9228V6.06277C16.45 5.29185 16.4493 4.76779 16.4162 4.36271C16.384 3.96813 16.3255 3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg><span class="popularArticles_popular_articles__comments__KEBDK t-capitalize">0</span></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes"><svg class="popularArticles_popular_articles__icon__Etu8e" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none"><path d="M9 18.7998L15 12.7998L9 6.7998" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-my-4 t-mx-6"></div><div class="popular-articles--item popularArticles_background_nth2__QNPMA undefined t-flex t-items-center t-gap-[12px] t-py-[12px] t-px-[24px]"><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__count__r2D00">2</div><div><ul class="t-mb-2 t-flex t-items-center t-gap-4"><li><a title="innovation" href="/innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 popularArticles_tagBgColor__8Yno6">innovation</div></a></li></ul><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out"><h3 class="t-mb-2 h4-style-desktop t-font-bold popularArticles_h3_style_desktop__i5SMZ">Why Tesla’s Mini-Optimus Sold Out</h3></a><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-items-center t-gap-0 t-justify-between"><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__author__1QAei popularArticles_t_font_bold__D8K9Z popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67 popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/pelin-sener" class=" t-capitalize" title="Pelin Sener">Pelin Sener</a></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><div class="popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><p class="popularArticles_popular_articles__read_time__ZzjnH t-capitalize popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67">a day ago</p></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__comment_wrapper___xLhz popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67 popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><svg class="popularArticles_popular_articles__icon__Etu8e" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15" height="12.3" viewBox="0 0 19 20" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.43284 0.842774L5.47001 0.842774H13.03L13.0672 0.842774C13.7916 0.842762 14.3896 0.842753 14.8767 0.882548C15.3825 0.923881 15.8476 1.01259 16.2844 1.23515C16.9618 1.58029 17.5125 2.13102 17.8576 2.80841C18.0802 3.24521 18.1689 3.71024 18.2102 4.21613C18.25 4.70321 18.25 5.30113 18.25 6.0256V6.06277V10.9228V10.9599C18.25 11.6844 18.25 12.2823 18.2102 12.7694C18.1689 13.2753 18.0802 13.7403 17.8576 14.1771C17.5125 14.8545 16.9618 15.4053 16.2844 15.7504C15.8476 15.973 15.3825 16.0617 14.8766 16.103C14.3896 16.1428 13.7917 16.1428 13.0672 16.1428H13.03H7.16538C6.56768 16.1428 6.39363 16.147 6.23524 16.1795C6.07637 16.2121 5.92263 16.2661 5.7782 16.3398C5.63422 16.4134 5.49565 16.5188 5.02892 16.8922L2.88201 18.6097L2.85708 18.6297C2.69177 18.762 2.52328 18.8968 2.37515 18.9948C2.23347 19.0884 1.95875 19.2561 1.60147 19.2565C1.19033 19.2569 0.801409 19.07 0.544925 18.7487C0.322033 18.4695 0.281351 18.1502 0.265986 17.981C0.249922 17.8042 0.249963 17.5884 0.250004 17.3766L0.250008 17.3447V6.06277L0.250008 6.02561C0.249996 5.30113 0.249987 4.70321 0.289782 4.21613C0.331115 3.71024 0.419823 3.24521 0.642385 2.80841C0.987529 2.13102 1.53826 1.58029 2.21564 1.23515C2.65244 1.01259 3.11748 0.923881 3.62336 0.882548C4.11044 0.842753 4.70837 0.842762 5.43284 0.842774ZM3.76994 2.67657C3.37537 2.70881 3.17358 2.76724 3.03282 2.83896C2.69413 3.01153 2.41877 3.2869 2.2462 3.62559C2.17448 3.76635 2.11604 3.96813 2.0838 4.36271C2.05071 4.76779 2.05001 5.29185 2.05001 6.06277V16.9702L3.90447 15.4866C3.92494 15.4703 3.94513 15.4541 3.96506 15.4381C4.34492 15.134 4.63207 14.9041 4.95929 14.7369C5.24814 14.5893 5.55562 14.4815 5.87336 14.4163C6.23331 14.3424 6.60117 14.3426 7.0878 14.3428C7.11333 14.3428 7.13918 14.3428 7.16538 14.3428H13.03C13.8009 14.3428 14.325 14.3421 14.7301 14.309C15.1246 14.2767 15.3264 14.2183 15.4672 14.1466C15.8059 13.974 16.0812 13.6986 16.2538 13.36C16.3255 13.2192 16.384 13.0174 16.4162 12.6228C16.4493 12.2178 16.45 11.6937 16.45 10.9228V6.06277C16.45 5.29185 16.4493 4.76779 16.4162 4.36271C16.384 3.96813 16.3255 3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg><span class="popularArticles_popular_articles__comments__KEBDK t-capitalize">0</span></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out"><svg class="popularArticles_popular_articles__icon__Etu8e" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none"><path d="M9 18.7998L15 12.7998L9 6.7998" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-my-4 t-mx-6"></div><div class="popular-articles--item popularArticles_background_nth3__4u2eN undefined t-flex t-items-center t-gap-[12px] t-py-[12px] t-px-[24px]"><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__count__r2D00">3</div><div><ul class="t-mb-2 t-flex t-items-center t-gap-4"><li><img alt="ie-plus" loading="lazy" width="24" height="19" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" src="https://interestingengineering.com//_next/static/media/ie-plus.8c66589a.svg"/></li><li><a title="innovation" href="/innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 popularArticles_tagBgColor__8Yno6">innovation</div></a></li></ul><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal"><h3 class="t-mb-2 h4-style-desktop t-font-bold popularArticles_h3_style_desktop__i5SMZ">The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico’s quest to rival the Panama Canal</h3></a><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-items-center t-gap-0 t-justify-between"><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__author__1QAei popularArticles_t_font_bold__D8K9Z popularArticles_ffStyleInter__tpbMn popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2" class="t-text-text-solid-secondary t-capitalize" title="Kaif Shaikh">Kaif Shaikh</a></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><div class="popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><p class="popularArticles_popular_articles__read_time__ZzjnH popularArticles_popular_articles__read_time__premium__c2BOt !t-text-text-solid-secondary t-capitalize popularArticles_ffStyleInter__tpbMn">a day ago</p></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__comment_wrapper___xLhz popularArticles_ffStyleInter__tpbMn popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><svg class="popularArticles_popular_articles__icon__Etu8e" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15" height="12.3" viewBox="0 0 19 20" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.43284 0.842774L5.47001 0.842774H13.03L13.0672 0.842774C13.7916 0.842762 14.3896 0.842753 14.8767 0.882548C15.3825 0.923881 15.8476 1.01259 16.2844 1.23515C16.9618 1.58029 17.5125 2.13102 17.8576 2.80841C18.0802 3.24521 18.1689 3.71024 18.2102 4.21613C18.25 4.70321 18.25 5.30113 18.25 6.0256V6.06277V10.9228V10.9599C18.25 11.6844 18.25 12.2823 18.2102 12.7694C18.1689 13.2753 18.0802 13.7403 17.8576 14.1771C17.5125 14.8545 16.9618 15.4053 16.2844 15.7504C15.8476 15.973 15.3825 16.0617 14.8766 16.103C14.3896 16.1428 13.7917 16.1428 13.0672 16.1428H13.03H7.16538C6.56768 16.1428 6.39363 16.147 6.23524 16.1795C6.07637 16.2121 5.92263 16.2661 5.7782 16.3398C5.63422 16.4134 5.49565 16.5188 5.02892 16.8922L2.88201 18.6097L2.85708 18.6297C2.69177 18.762 2.52328 18.8968 2.37515 18.9948C2.23347 19.0884 1.95875 19.2561 1.60147 19.2565C1.19033 19.2569 0.801409 19.07 0.544925 18.7487C0.322033 18.4695 0.281351 18.1502 0.265986 17.981C0.249922 17.8042 0.249963 17.5884 0.250004 17.3766L0.250008 17.3447V6.06277L0.250008 6.02561C0.249996 5.30113 0.249987 4.70321 0.289782 4.21613C0.331115 3.71024 0.419823 3.24521 0.642385 2.80841C0.987529 2.13102 1.53826 1.58029 2.21564 1.23515C2.65244 1.01259 3.11748 0.923881 3.62336 0.882548C4.11044 0.842753 4.70837 0.842762 5.43284 0.842774ZM3.76994 2.67657C3.37537 2.70881 3.17358 2.76724 3.03282 2.83896C2.69413 3.01153 2.41877 3.2869 2.2462 3.62559C2.17448 3.76635 2.11604 3.96813 2.0838 4.36271C2.05071 4.76779 2.05001 5.29185 2.05001 6.06277V16.9702L3.90447 15.4866C3.92494 15.4703 3.94513 15.4541 3.96506 15.4381C4.34492 15.134 4.63207 14.9041 4.95929 14.7369C5.24814 14.5893 5.55562 14.4815 5.87336 14.4163C6.23331 14.3424 6.60117 14.3426 7.0878 14.3428C7.11333 14.3428 7.13918 14.3428 7.16538 14.3428H13.03C13.8009 14.3428 14.325 14.3421 14.7301 14.309C15.1246 14.2767 15.3264 14.2183 15.4672 14.1466C15.8059 13.974 16.0812 13.6986 16.2538 13.36C16.3255 13.2192 16.384 13.0174 16.4162 12.6228C16.4493 12.2178 16.45 11.6937 16.45 10.9228V6.06277C16.45 5.29185 16.4493 4.76779 16.4162 4.36271C16.384 3.96813 16.3255 3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg><span class="popularArticles_popular_articles__comments__KEBDK popularArticles_popular_articles__read_time__premium__c2BOt !t-text-text-solid-secondary t-capitalize">0</span></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="17" viewBox="0 0 16 17" fill="none"><path d="M13 11.4603V8.12695C13 5.36553 10.7614 3.12695 8 3.12695C5.23858 3.12695 3 5.36553 3 8.12695V11.4603M4.38889 13.127C3.62183 13.127 3 12.5051 3 11.7381V10.627C3 9.85989 3.62183 9.23806 4.38889 9.23806C5.15595 9.23806 5.77778 9.85989 5.77778 10.627V11.7381C5.77778 12.5051 5.15595 13.127 4.38889 13.127ZM11.6111 13.127C10.844 13.127 10.2222 12.5051 10.2222 11.7381V10.627C10.2222 9.85989 10.844 9.23806 11.6111 9.23806C12.3782 9.23806 13 9.85989 13 10.627V11.7381C13 12.5051 12.3782 13.127 11.6111 13.127Z" stroke="#4A4A4E"></path></svg></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal"><svg class="popularArticles_popular_articles__icon__Etu8e" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none"><path d="M9 18.7998L15 12.7998L9 6.7998" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-my-4 t-mx-6"></div><div class="popular-articles--item popularArticles_background_nth2__QNPMA undefined t-flex t-items-center t-gap-[12px] t-py-[12px] t-px-[24px]"><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__count__r2D00">4</div><div><ul class="t-mb-2 t-flex t-items-center t-gap-4"><li><a title="energy" href="/energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 popularArticles_tagBgColor__8Yno6">energy</div></a></li></ul><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating"><h3 class="t-mb-2 h4-style-desktop t-font-bold popularArticles_h3_style_desktop__i5SMZ">Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating</h3></a><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-items-center t-gap-0 t-justify-between"><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__author__1QAei popularArticles_t_font_bold__D8K9Z popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67 popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" class=" t-capitalize" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><div class="popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><p class="popularArticles_popular_articles__read_time__ZzjnH t-capitalize popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67">a day ago</p></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__comment_wrapper___xLhz popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67 popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><svg class="popularArticles_popular_articles__icon__Etu8e" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15" height="12.3" viewBox="0 0 19 20" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.43284 0.842774L5.47001 0.842774H13.03L13.0672 0.842774C13.7916 0.842762 14.3896 0.842753 14.8767 0.882548C15.3825 0.923881 15.8476 1.01259 16.2844 1.23515C16.9618 1.58029 17.5125 2.13102 17.8576 2.80841C18.0802 3.24521 18.1689 3.71024 18.2102 4.21613C18.25 4.70321 18.25 5.30113 18.25 6.0256V6.06277V10.9228V10.9599C18.25 11.6844 18.25 12.2823 18.2102 12.7694C18.1689 13.2753 18.0802 13.7403 17.8576 14.1771C17.5125 14.8545 16.9618 15.4053 16.2844 15.7504C15.8476 15.973 15.3825 16.0617 14.8766 16.103C14.3896 16.1428 13.7917 16.1428 13.0672 16.1428H13.03H7.16538C6.56768 16.1428 6.39363 16.147 6.23524 16.1795C6.07637 16.2121 5.92263 16.2661 5.7782 16.3398C5.63422 16.4134 5.49565 16.5188 5.02892 16.8922L2.88201 18.6097L2.85708 18.6297C2.69177 18.762 2.52328 18.8968 2.37515 18.9948C2.23347 19.0884 1.95875 19.2561 1.60147 19.2565C1.19033 19.2569 0.801409 19.07 0.544925 18.7487C0.322033 18.4695 0.281351 18.1502 0.265986 17.981C0.249922 17.8042 0.249963 17.5884 0.250004 17.3766L0.250008 17.3447V6.06277L0.250008 6.02561C0.249996 5.30113 0.249987 4.70321 0.289782 4.21613C0.331115 3.71024 0.419823 3.24521 0.642385 2.80841C0.987529 2.13102 1.53826 1.58029 2.21564 1.23515C2.65244 1.01259 3.11748 0.923881 3.62336 0.882548C4.11044 0.842753 4.70837 0.842762 5.43284 0.842774ZM3.76994 2.67657C3.37537 2.70881 3.17358 2.76724 3.03282 2.83896C2.69413 3.01153 2.41877 3.2869 2.2462 3.62559C2.17448 3.76635 2.11604 3.96813 2.0838 4.36271C2.05071 4.76779 2.05001 5.29185 2.05001 6.06277V16.9702L3.90447 15.4866C3.92494 15.4703 3.94513 15.4541 3.96506 15.4381C4.34492 15.134 4.63207 14.9041 4.95929 14.7369C5.24814 14.5893 5.55562 14.4815 5.87336 14.4163C6.23331 14.3424 6.60117 14.3426 7.0878 14.3428C7.11333 14.3428 7.13918 14.3428 7.16538 14.3428H13.03C13.8009 14.3428 14.325 14.3421 14.7301 14.309C15.1246 14.2767 15.3264 14.2183 15.4672 14.1466C15.8059 13.974 16.0812 13.6986 16.2538 13.36C16.3255 13.2192 16.384 13.0174 16.4162 12.6228C16.4493 12.2178 16.45 11.6937 16.45 10.9228V6.06277C16.45 5.29185 16.4493 4.76779 16.4162 4.36271C16.384 3.96813 16.3255 3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg><span class="popularArticles_popular_articles__comments__KEBDK t-capitalize">0</span></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating"><svg class="popularArticles_popular_articles__icon__Etu8e" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none"><path d="M9 18.7998L15 12.7998L9 6.7998" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-section-2 "></div><div class="sidebar-section-4 max-md:t-hidden"></div></div></div></section><div class="t-pb-4 md:t-px-4 md:t-pl-[8.50%]"><div class="max-md:t-hidden true"></div><div style="margin-top:40px"><h4 class="overline-medium-bold color-gray-500">RELATED ARTICLES</h4><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mt-4 md:t-mt-4 t-mb-4"></div><div class="article-related--items"><div class="article-related--item relatedArticle_related_article__xt8qA relatedArticle_background_nth2__0cBbb t-py-4 t-px-4 t-flex t-gap-6-4 t-items-center t-mb-4 max-md:t-mb-2"><div class="article-related--thumbnail"><img alt="How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry" loading="lazy" width="90" height="50" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="undefined" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2Fplastic-waste.jpg&w=96&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2Fplastic-waste.jpg&w=256&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2Fplastic-waste.jpg&w=256&q=75"/></div><div class="article-related--content relatedArticle_related_article__content__a2uj1" style="margin-left:10px"><ul class="t-flex t-items-center t-gap-4"><li><a class="t-flex" title="innovation" href="/energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 relatedArticle_related_article__badge__ysBKz">innovation</div></a></li></ul><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry"><h3 class="h3-styles-desktop t-mt-2 color-gray-600 relatedArticle_h3_style_desktop__j_NP7">How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry</h3></a></div><div class="article-related--action relatedArticle_related_article__action__pPO4h"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="relatedArticle_related_article__svg__F2bzd" width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none"><path d="M9 18.2002L15 12.2002L9 6.2002" stroke="#4A4A4E" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="article-related--item relatedArticle_related_article__xt8qA relatedArticle_background_nth2__0cBbb t-py-4 t-px-4 t-flex t-gap-6-4 t-items-center t-mb-4 max-md:t-mb-2"><div class="article-related--thumbnail"><img alt="Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event" loading="lazy" width="90" height="50" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="undefined" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg&w=96&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg&w=256&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg&w=256&q=75"/></div><div class="article-related--content relatedArticle_related_article__content__a2uj1" style="margin-left:10px"><ul class="t-flex t-items-center t-gap-4"><li><a class="t-flex" title="space" href="/energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 relatedArticle_related_article__badge__ysBKz">space</div></a></li></ul><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid"><h3 class="h3-styles-desktop t-mt-2 color-gray-600 relatedArticle_h3_style_desktop__j_NP7">Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event</h3></a></div><div class="article-related--action relatedArticle_related_article__action__pPO4h"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="relatedArticle_related_article__svg__F2bzd" width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none"><path d="M9 18.2002L15 12.2002L9 6.2002" stroke="#4A4A4E" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="article-related--item relatedArticle_related_article__xt8qA relatedArticle_background_nth2__0cBbb t-py-4 t-px-4 t-flex t-gap-6-4 t-items-center t-mb-4 max-md:t-mb-2"><div class="article-related--thumbnail"><img alt="Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out" loading="lazy" width="90" height="50" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="undefined" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FThumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png&w=96&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FThumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png&w=256&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FThumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png&w=256&q=75"/></div><div class="article-related--content relatedArticle_related_article__content__a2uj1" style="margin-left:10px"><ul class="t-flex t-items-center t-gap-4"><li><a class="t-flex" title="culture" href="/energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 relatedArticle_related_article__badge__ysBKz">culture</div></a></li></ul><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb"><h3 class="h3-styles-desktop t-mt-2 color-gray-600 relatedArticle_h3_style_desktop__j_NP7">Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out</h3></a></div><div class="article-related--action relatedArticle_related_article__action__pPO4h"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="relatedArticle_related_article__svg__F2bzd" width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none"><path d="M9 18.2002L15 12.2002L9 6.2002" stroke="#4A4A4E" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="article-related--item relatedArticle_related_article__xt8qA relatedArticle_background_nth2__0cBbb t-py-4 t-px-4 t-flex t-gap-6-4 t-items-center t-mb-4 max-md:t-mb-2"><div class="article-related--thumbnail"><img alt="GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet" loading="lazy" width="90" height="50" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="undefined" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg&w=96&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg&w=256&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg&w=256&q=75"/></div><div class="article-related--content relatedArticle_related_article__content__a2uj1" style="margin-left:10px"><ul class="t-flex t-items-center t-gap-4"><li><a class="t-flex" title="military" href="/energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 relatedArticle_related_article__badge__ysBKz">military</div></a></li></ul><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army"><h3 class="h3-styles-desktop t-mt-2 color-gray-600 relatedArticle_h3_style_desktop__j_NP7">GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet</h3></a></div><div class="article-related--action relatedArticle_related_article__action__pPO4h"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="relatedArticle_related_article__svg__F2bzd" width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none"><path d="M9 18.2002L15 12.2002L9 6.2002" stroke="#4A4A4E" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="max-md:t-p-2"><div class="max-md: t-flex t-w-full t-justify-between t-items-center max-md:t-px-4 t-mb-0"><h5 class="overline-medium-bold !t-text-text-third" style="line-height:40px">JOBS</h5><a href="https://jobs.interestingengineering.com?source=jobs_widget" target="_blank" class="body-x-small t-text-text-secondary">See All</a></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mt-0 md:t-mt-0 t-mb-0"></div><div id="widget-display" class="jobbioapp"></div><script src="https://widgets.jobbio.com/partner_fluid_widgets_v1.6.1/display.min.js" id="jobbio-display-script"></script></div></div></section></article><div class="t-fixed t-right-0 t-bottom-0 t-cursor-pointer t-z-[9999] t-mb-[100px] t-m-4 t-hidden md:t-hidden"><div class="t-relative t-w-[33px] t-h-[33px]"><div class="t-bg-[var(--surface-secondary)] t-opacity-50 t-w-full t-h-full t-absolute t-rounded-[2px]"></div><svg class="t-translate-x-[7px] t-translate-y-[7px]" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="19" height="18" viewBox="0 0 19 18" fill="none"><path d="M9.5 15V3M9.5 3L5 7.5M9.5 3L14 7.5" stroke="#97979B" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></div></div></main></div><footer class="t-bg-gray-800 max-md:t-p-6 md:t-py-6 t-flex t-w-full t-justify-center t-items-center t-gap-[10px] "><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-max-w-full t-w-[1151px] md:t-p-[10px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-col md:t-flex-row t-w-full t-justify-between"><a href="/"><svg class="t-max-w-full" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="234" height="73" viewBox="0 0 234 73" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0 0H6.56446V33.83H0V0ZM30.6254 3.35087V33.83H24.0609V6.7476H17.4518V33.83H10.8872V0H27.3655C28.2586 0 29.0327 0.321307 29.6877 0.963943C30.3129 1.63718 30.6254 2.43282 30.6254 3.35087ZM54.6863 0H34.9482V6.7476H41.5127V33.83H48.1219V6.7476H54.6863V0ZM78.7473 6.7476V0H59.0091V33.83H78.7473V27.0823H65.5736V20.2889H75.4874V13.5412H65.5736V6.7476H78.7473ZM99.5483 16.892C100.441 16.892 101.215 17.2287 101.87 17.9019C102.496 18.5446 102.808 19.3402 102.808 20.2889V33.83H96.2437V20.2889H89.6345V33.83H83.07V0H99.5483C100.441 0 101.215 0.321307 101.87 0.963943C102.496 1.63718 102.808 2.43282 102.808 3.35087V13.5412C102.808 14.4592 102.496 15.2549 101.87 15.9281C101.215 16.5707 100.441 16.892 99.5483 16.892ZM96.2437 13.5412V6.7476H89.6345V13.5412H96.2437ZM126.869 6.7476V0H107.131V33.83H126.869V27.0823H113.695V20.2889H123.609V13.5412H113.695V6.7476H126.869ZM144.365 10.1444V6.7476H137.756V13.5412H147.67C148.563 13.5412 149.337 13.8625 149.992 14.5051C150.617 15.1783 150.93 15.974 150.93 16.892V30.4332C150.93 31.3819 150.617 32.1775 149.992 32.8201C149.337 33.4934 148.563 33.83 147.67 33.83H134.496C133.573 33.83 132.8 33.4934 132.174 32.8201C131.519 32.1775 131.192 31.3819 131.192 30.4332V23.6856H137.756V27.0823H144.365V20.2889H134.496C133.573 20.2889 132.8 19.9676 132.174 19.3249C131.519 18.6517 131.192 17.8407 131.192 16.892V3.35087C131.192 2.43282 131.519 1.63718 132.174 0.963943C132.8 0.321307 133.573 0 134.496 0H147.67C148.563 0 149.337 0.321307 149.992 0.963943C150.617 1.63718 150.93 2.43282 150.93 3.35087V10.1444H144.365ZM174.991 0H155.253V6.7476H161.817V33.83H168.426V6.7476H174.991V0ZM179.314 0H185.878V33.83H179.314V0ZM209.939 3.35087V33.83H203.375V6.7476H196.765V33.83H190.201V0H206.679C207.572 0 208.346 0.321307 209.001 0.963943C209.627 1.63718 209.939 2.43282 209.939 3.35087ZM227.436 10.1444V6.7476H220.826V27.0823H227.436V20.2889H224.131V13.5412H234V30.4332C234 31.3819 233.687 32.1775 233.062 32.8201C232.407 33.4934 231.633 33.83 230.74 33.83H217.566C216.644 33.83 215.869 33.4934 215.244 32.8201C214.589 32.1775 214.262 31.3819 214.262 30.4332V3.35087C214.262 2.43282 214.589 1.63718 215.244 0.963943C215.869 0.321307 216.644 0 217.566 0H230.74C231.633 0 232.407 0.321307 233.062 0.963943C233.687 1.63718 234 2.43282 234 3.35087V10.1444H227.436ZM19.7382 45.9177V39.17H0V73H22.6749L20.1192 66.2524H6.56446V59.4588H16.4783V52.7111H6.56446V45.9177H19.7382ZM43.7991 42.5208V73H37.2346V45.9177H30.6254V66.0875V73H26.3868L24.0609 66.0875V39.17H40.5392C41.4323 39.17 42.2063 39.4913 42.8613 40.1339C43.4865 40.8071 43.7991 41.6028 43.7991 42.5208ZM61.2955 49.3144V45.9177H54.6863V66.2524H61.2955V59.4588H57.991V52.7111H67.86V69.6033C67.86 70.5519 67.5474 71.3475 66.9222 71.9902C66.2672 72.6634 65.4932 73 64.6 73H51.4264C50.5035 73 49.7295 72.6634 49.1043 71.9902C48.4493 71.3475 48.1219 70.5519 48.1219 69.6033V42.5208C48.1219 41.6028 48.4493 40.8071 49.1043 40.1339C49.7295 39.4913 50.5035 39.17 51.4264 39.17H64.6C65.4932 39.17 66.2672 39.4913 66.9222 40.1339C67.5474 40.8071 67.86 41.6028 67.86 42.5208V49.3144H61.2955ZM72.1827 39.17H78.7473V73H72.1827V39.17ZM102.808 42.5208V73H96.2437V45.9177H89.6345V73H83.07V39.17H99.5483C100.441 39.17 101.215 39.4913 101.87 40.1339C102.496 40.8071 102.808 41.6028 102.808 42.5208ZM126.869 45.9177V39.17H107.131V73H126.869V66.2524H113.695V59.4588H123.609V52.7111H113.695V45.9177H126.869ZM150.93 45.9177V39.17H131.192V73H150.93V66.2524H137.756V59.4588H147.67V52.7111H137.756V45.9177H150.93ZM171.731 56.062C172.624 56.062 173.398 56.3987 174.053 57.0719C174.678 57.7145 174.991 58.5102 174.991 59.4588V73H168.426V59.4588H161.817V73H155.253V39.17H171.731C172.624 39.17 173.398 39.4913 174.053 40.1339C174.678 40.8071 174.991 41.6028 174.991 42.5208V52.7111C174.991 53.6292 174.678 54.4248 174.053 55.0981C173.398 55.7407 172.624 56.062 171.731 56.062ZM168.426 52.7111V45.9177H161.817V52.7111H168.426ZM179.314 39.17H185.878V73H179.314V39.17ZM209.939 42.5208V73H203.375V45.9177H196.765V73H190.201V39.17H206.679C207.572 39.17 208.346 39.4913 209.001 40.1339C209.627 40.8071 209.939 41.6028 209.939 42.5208ZM227.436 49.3144V45.9177H220.826V66.2524H227.436V59.4588H224.131V52.7111H234V69.6033C234 70.5519 233.687 71.3475 233.062 71.9902C232.407 72.6634 231.633 73 230.74 73H217.566C216.644 73 215.869 72.6634 215.244 71.9902C214.589 71.3475 214.262 70.5519 214.262 69.6033V42.5208C214.262 41.6028 214.589 40.8071 215.244 40.1339C215.869 39.4913 216.644 39.17 217.566 39.17H230.74C231.633 39.17 232.407 39.4913 233.062 40.1339C233.687 40.8071 234 41.6028 234 42.5208V49.3144H227.436Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a><div class="t-flex t-gap-4 max-md:t-mt-4 md:t-gap-0 t-flex-col t-justify-between"><h6 class="h4-style-desktop !t-text-[#FFF] md:t-text-end">Follow Us On</h6><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-h-[32px] t-align-bottom"><a class="follow-us-link" title="Instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/interestingengineering/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><svg class="t-cursor-pointer t-responsive-small" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"><rect width="32" height="32"></rect><path d="M16.5 8.71687C19.0181 8.71687 19.3614 8.71687 20.3916 8.71687C21.3072 8.71687 21.7651 8.94578 22.1084 9.06024C22.5663 9.28916 22.9096 9.40362 23.253 9.74699C23.5964 10.0904 23.8253 10.4337 23.9398 10.8916C24.0542 11.2349 24.1687 11.6928 24.2831 12.6084C24.2831 13.6386 24.2831 13.8675 24.2831 16.5C24.2831 19.1325 24.2831 19.3614 24.2831 20.3916C24.2831 21.3072 24.0542 21.7651 23.9398 22.1084C23.7108 22.5663 23.5964 22.9096 23.253 23.253C22.9096 23.5964 22.5663 23.8253 22.1084 23.9398C21.7651 24.0542 21.3072 24.1687 20.3916 24.2831C19.3614 24.2831 19.1325 24.2831 16.5 24.2831C13.8675 24.2831 13.6386 24.2831 12.6084 24.2831C11.6928 24.2831 11.2349 24.0542 10.8916 23.9398C10.4337 23.7108 10.0904 23.5964 9.74699 23.253C9.40362 22.9096 9.1747 22.5663 9.06024 22.1084C8.94578 21.7651 8.83133 21.3072 8.71687 20.3916C8.71687 19.3614 8.71687 19.1325 8.71687 16.5C8.71687 13.8675 8.71687 13.6386 8.71687 12.6084C8.71687 11.6928 8.94578 11.2349 9.06024 10.8916C9.28916 10.4337 9.40362 10.0904 9.74699 9.74699C10.0904 9.40362 10.4337 9.1747 10.8916 9.06024C11.2349 8.94578 11.6928 8.83133 12.6084 8.71687C13.6386 8.71687 13.9819 8.71687 16.5 8.71687ZM16.5 7C13.8675 7 13.6386 7 12.6084 7C11.5783 7 10.8916 7.22892 10.3193 7.45783C9.74699 7.68675 9.1747 8.03012 8.60241 8.60241C8.03012 9.1747 7.80121 9.63253 7.45783 10.3193C7.22892 10.8916 7.11446 11.5783 7 12.6084C7 13.6386 7 13.9819 7 16.5C7 19.1325 7 19.3614 7 20.3916C7 21.4217 7.22892 22.1084 7.45783 22.6807C7.68675 23.253 8.03012 23.8253 8.60241 24.3976C9.1747 24.9699 9.63253 25.1988 10.3193 25.5422C10.8916 25.7711 11.5783 25.8855 12.6084 26C13.6386 26 13.9819 26 16.5 26C19.0181 26 19.3614 26 20.3916 26C21.4217 26 22.1084 25.7711 22.6807 25.5422C23.253 25.3133 23.8253 24.9699 24.3976 24.3976C24.9699 23.8253 25.1988 23.3675 25.5422 22.6807C25.7711 22.1084 25.8855 21.4217 26 20.3916C26 19.3614 26 19.0181 26 16.5C26 13.9819 26 13.6386 26 12.6084C26 11.5783 25.7711 10.8916 25.5422 10.3193C25.3133 9.74699 24.9699 9.1747 24.3976 8.60241C23.8253 8.03012 23.3675 7.80121 22.6807 7.45783C22.1084 7.22892 21.4217 7.11446 20.3916 7C19.3614 7 19.1325 7 16.5 7Z" fill="white"></path><path d="M16.5 11.5783C13.753 11.5783 11.5783 13.753 11.5783 16.5C11.5783 19.247 13.753 21.4217 16.5 21.4217C19.247 21.4217 21.4217 19.247 21.4217 16.5C21.4217 13.753 19.247 11.5783 16.5 11.5783ZM16.5 19.7048C14.7831 19.7048 13.2952 18.3313 13.2952 16.5C13.2952 14.7831 14.6687 13.2952 16.5 13.2952C18.2169 13.2952 19.7048 14.6687 19.7048 16.5C19.7048 18.2169 18.2169 19.7048 16.5 19.7048Z" fill="white"></path><path d="M21.5361 12.6084C22.1683 12.6084 22.6807 12.096 22.6807 11.4639C22.6807 10.8317 22.1683 10.3193 21.5361 10.3193C20.904 10.3193 20.3916 10.8317 20.3916 11.4639C20.3916 12.096 20.904 12.6084 21.5361 12.6084Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a><a class="follow-us-link" title="X" href="https://twitter.com/IntEngineering" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><svg class="t-cursor-pointer t-twitter-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="19" height="19" viewBox="0 0 19 19" fill="none"><g clip-path="url(#clip0_909_40227)"><path d="M17.6354 17.0618L11.269 8.02349L18.3263 0H16.7118L15.3298 1.56365L10.5491 7.00127L5.99516 0.535806L5.61785 0H0.0219122L1.38671 1.93815L7.44185 10.5357L0 19H1.61447L8.16143 11.5569L13.0266 18.4648L13.4041 19.0002H19L17.6352 17.062L17.6354 17.0618ZM14.0693 17.763L9.01473 10.5864L8.29499 9.56479L2.4297 1.23698H4.95265L9.69593 7.97175L10.4157 8.99335L16.5922 17.7629H14.0693V17.763Z" fill="white"></path></g><defs><clipPath id="clip0_909_40227"><rect width="19" height="19"></rect></clipPath></defs></svg></a><a title="LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/" class="t-w-10 t-h-10 t-cursor-pointer t-flex t-items-center t-justify-center follow-us-link" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><svg class="t-cursor-pointer t-responsive-small" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"><rect width="32" height="32"></rect><path d="M10.275 25H6.2375V12.2938H10.275V25ZM8.25625 10.5125C6.95 10.5125 6 9.5625 6 8.25625C6 6.95 7.06875 6 8.25625 6C9.5625 6 10.5125 6.95 10.5125 8.25625C10.5125 9.5625 9.5625 10.5125 8.25625 10.5125ZM25 25H20.9625V18.1125C20.9625 16.0938 20.1312 15.5 18.9437 15.5C17.7562 15.5 16.5687 16.45 16.5687 18.2312V25H12.5312V12.2938H16.3312V14.075C16.6875 13.2438 18.1125 11.9375 20.1312 11.9375C22.3875 11.9375 24.7625 13.2437 24.7625 17.1625V25H25Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a><a class="follow-us-link" title="Flipboard" href="https://flipboard.com/@intengineering" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><svg class="t-cursor-pointer t-responsive-small" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"><rect width="32" height="32"></rect><path d="M7 7V26H26V7H7ZM22.2 14.6H18.4V18.4H14.6V22.2H10.8V10.8H22.2V14.6Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a><a title="Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-content-center follow-us-link" target="_blank"><svg class="t-cursor-pointer t-responsive-small" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"><rect width="32" height="32"></rect><path d="M20.6184 10.3032H17.7458C17.4054 10.3032 17.0272 10.7733 17.0272 11.398V13.575H20.6203L20.0769 16.6797H17.0272V26H13.6371V16.6797H10.5615V13.575H13.6371V11.749C13.6371 9.12899 15.369 7 17.7458 7H20.6184V10.3032Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a><a class="follow-us-link" title="Youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/Interestingengineeringofficial" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><svg class="t-cursor-pointer t-responsive-small" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"><rect width="32" height="32"></rect><path d="M24.525 11.0188C24.2875 10.1875 23.6938 9.59375 22.8625 9.35625C21.4375 9 15.3812 9 15.3812 9C15.3812 9 9.44376 9 7.90001 9.35625C7.06876 9.59375 6.475 10.1875 6.2375 11.0188C6 12.5625 6 15.65 6 15.65C6 15.65 6 18.7375 6.35625 20.2812C6.59375 21.1125 7.1875 21.7062 8.01875 21.9437C9.44375 22.3 15.5 22.3 15.5 22.3C15.5 22.3 21.4375 22.3 22.9812 21.9437C23.8125 21.7062 24.4063 21.1125 24.6438 20.2812C25 18.7375 25 15.65 25 15.65C25 15.65 25 12.5625 24.525 11.0188ZM13.6 18.5V12.8L18.5875 15.65L13.6 18.5Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a><a class="follow-us-link" title="Tiktok" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@interestingengineering" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><svg class="t-cursor-pointer t-responsive-small" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"><rect width="32" height="32"></rect><path d="M22.7857 11.0634C22.6542 10.9971 22.5261 10.9245 22.4021 10.8457C22.0413 10.6132 21.7105 10.3391 21.4169 10.0296C20.6821 9.20983 20.4077 8.37822 20.3066 7.79598H20.3107C20.2262 7.31269 20.2611 7 20.2664 7H16.9198V19.6177C16.9198 19.7872 16.9198 19.9546 16.9125 20.12C16.9125 20.1406 16.9105 20.1596 16.9093 20.1818C16.9093 20.1909 16.9093 20.2004 16.9072 20.2099C16.9072 20.2123 16.9072 20.2146 16.9072 20.217C16.872 20.6697 16.7231 21.1071 16.4738 21.4905C16.2245 21.874 15.8824 22.1919 15.4775 22.4161C15.0556 22.6502 14.5783 22.773 14.0928 22.7724C12.5336 22.7724 11.2699 21.5327 11.2699 20.0017C11.2699 18.4707 12.5336 17.231 14.0928 17.231C14.388 17.2307 14.6813 17.276 14.962 17.3652L14.966 14.0427C14.1141 13.9354 13.2486 14.0014 12.4242 14.2366C11.5997 14.4718 10.8342 14.871 10.1759 15.4091C9.59908 15.8977 9.11415 16.4808 8.74292 17.132C8.60165 17.3695 8.06865 18.3238 8.0041 19.8726C7.96351 20.7518 8.23427 21.6625 8.36336 22.0389V22.0469C8.44455 22.2685 8.75916 23.0249 9.27186 23.6626C9.68529 24.1741 10.1737 24.6234 10.7215 24.9961V24.9881L10.7296 24.9961C12.3497 26.0695 14.146 25.9991 14.146 25.9991C14.457 25.9868 15.4986 25.9991 16.6815 25.4524C17.9935 24.8464 18.7405 23.9436 18.7405 23.9436C19.2177 23.4041 19.5971 22.7893 19.8625 22.1256C20.1653 21.3494 20.2664 20.4185 20.2664 20.0464V13.3524C20.307 13.3762 20.8477 13.7249 20.8477 13.7249C20.8477 13.7249 21.6267 14.2117 22.8421 14.5288C23.7141 14.7544 24.8889 14.8019 24.8889 14.8019V11.5625C24.4773 11.6061 23.6414 11.4794 22.7857 11.0634Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a></div></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-6 t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><div class="max-md:t-hidden t-flex t-w-full t-justify-between"><div><ul class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-text-gray-200 body-small-medium"><li class="body-small-bold">Events</li><li><a href="/ie-academy">IE Academy</a></li><li><a href="/podcast/lexicon">Podcasts</a></li></ul></div><div><ul class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-text-gray-200 body-small-medium"><li class="body-small-bold">News</li><li><a href="/?editorsPick=selected">Editor’s Pick</a></li><li><a href="/?trending=selected">Trending</a></li><li><a href="/news">Latest News</a></li></ul></div><div><ul class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-text-gray-200 body-small-medium"><li class="body-small-bold">Topics</li><li><a href="/innovation">Innovation</a></li><li><a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></li><li><a href="/videos">Videos</a></li><li><a href="/guides">Guides</a></li><li><a href="/military">Military</a></li><li><a href="/energy">Energy</a></li></ul></div><div><ul class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-text-gray-200 body-small-medium"><li class="body-small-bold">For Engineers</li><li><a href="/engineers-directory">Engineers Directory</a></li><li><a href="https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/">Engineering Jobs</a></li></ul></div><div><ul class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-text-gray-200 body-small-medium"><li><a href="/about-us">About Us</a></li><li><a href="/contact-us">Contact Us</a></li><li><a href="/advertise">Advertise With Us</a></li><li><a href="/subscribe">Subscription</a></li><li><a href="/policies">Policies</a></li><li><a href="/site-map">Site Map</a></li></ul></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-bg-stroke-secondary !t-h-[96px]"></div><div><ul class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-text-gray-200 body-small-bold body-small-medium"><li><a href="#">Pro</a></li><li><a href="/premium">Premium</a></li><li><a href="/newsletters">Newsletters</a></li></ul></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full max-md:t-hidden t-my-6 t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><div class="max-md:t-hidden t-flex t-w-full t-justify-between"><div class="t-flex"><a class="body-x-small !t-text-gray-200" href="/policies">Privacy Policy</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><a class="body-x-small !t-text-gray-200" href="/ethics-policy">AI and Ethics</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><a class="body-x-small !t-text-gray-200" href="/generative-ai-editorial-use">Editorial Policy</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><a class="body-x-small !t-text-gray-200" href="/tos">Terms of Services</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><a class="body-x-small !t-text-gray-200" href="/donotsell">Do Not Sell My Personal Information</a></div><div class="t-flex"><span class="body-x-small !t-text-gray-200">© Copyright 2024</span><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><span class="body-x-small !t-text-gray-200"> IE Media, Inc.</span><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><span class="body-x-small !t-text-gray-200">All Rights Reserved</span></div></div><div class="md:t-hidden t-flex"><div><ul class="body-small-medium t-text-gray-200 t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2"><li><a href="/about-us">About Us</a></li><li><a href="/contact-us">Contact Us</a></li><li><a href="/advertise">Advertise With Us</a></li><li><a href="/subscribe ">Subscription</a></li><li><a href="/policies ">Policies</a></li><li><a href="/site-map ">Site Map</a></li></ul><ul class="body-small-bold t-text-gray-200 t-mt-8 t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2"><li><a href="#">Pro</a></li><li><a href="/premium">Premium</a></li><li><a href="/newsletter">Newsletters</a></li></ul></div><div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[55px] max-md:t-mx-[20px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div></div><div><div class="w-full !t-text-gray-200 t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-y-2" data-orientation="vertical"><div data-state="open" data-orientation="vertical" class=""><h3 data-orientation="vertical" data-state="open" class="t-flex"><button type="button" aria-controls="radix-:Rjmf6la:" aria-expanded="true" data-state="open" data-orientation="vertical" id="radix-:R3mf6la:" class="t-flex t-flex-1 t-items-center t-gap-2 t-font-medium t-transition-all hover:t-underline [&[data-state=open]>svg]:t-rotate-180 !t-text-gray-200 body-small-bold" data-radix-collection-item="">Events<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-down t-h-4 t-w-4 t-shrink-0 t-transition-transform t-duration-200"><path d="m6 9 6 6 6-6"></path></svg></button></h3><div data-state="open" id="radix-:Rjmf6la:" role="region" aria-labelledby="radix-:R3mf6la:" data-orientation="vertical" class="t-overflow-hidden t-text-sm t-transition-all data-[state=closed]:t-animate-accordion-up data-[state=open]:t-animate-accordion-down t-pt-2" style="--radix-accordion-content-height:var(--radix-collapsible-content-height);--radix-accordion-content-width:var(--radix-collapsible-content-width)"><div class="t-pt-0 body-small-medium t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-y-2"><a href="/ie-academy">IE Academy</a><a href="/podcast/lexicon">Podcasts</a></div></div></div><div data-state="closed" data-orientation="vertical" class=""><h3 data-orientation="vertical" data-state="closed" class="t-flex"><button type="button" aria-controls="radix-:Rlmf6la:" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" data-orientation="vertical" id="radix-:R5mf6la:" class="t-flex t-flex-1 t-items-center t-gap-2 t-font-medium t-transition-all hover:t-underline [&[data-state=open]>svg]:t-rotate-180 !t-text-gray-200 body-small-bold" data-radix-collection-item="">News<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-down t-h-4 t-w-4 t-shrink-0 t-transition-transform t-duration-200"><path d="m6 9 6 6 6-6"></path></svg></button></h3><div data-state="closed" id="radix-:Rlmf6la:" hidden="" role="region" aria-labelledby="radix-:R5mf6la:" data-orientation="vertical" class="t-overflow-hidden t-text-sm t-transition-all data-[state=closed]:t-animate-accordion-up data-[state=open]:t-animate-accordion-down t-pt-2" style="--radix-accordion-content-height:var(--radix-collapsible-content-height);--radix-accordion-content-width:var(--radix-collapsible-content-width)"></div></div><div data-state="closed" data-orientation="vertical" class=""><h3 data-orientation="vertical" data-state="closed" class="t-flex"><button type="button" aria-controls="radix-:Rnmf6la:" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" data-orientation="vertical" id="radix-:R7mf6la:" class="t-flex t-flex-1 t-items-center t-gap-2 t-font-medium t-transition-all hover:t-underline [&[data-state=open]>svg]:t-rotate-180 !t-text-gray-200 body-small-bold" data-radix-collection-item="">Topics<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-down t-h-4 t-w-4 t-shrink-0 t-transition-transform t-duration-200"><path d="m6 9 6 6 6-6"></path></svg></button></h3><div data-state="closed" id="radix-:Rnmf6la:" hidden="" role="region" aria-labelledby="radix-:R7mf6la:" data-orientation="vertical" class="t-overflow-hidden t-text-sm t-transition-all data-[state=closed]:t-animate-accordion-up data-[state=open]:t-animate-accordion-down t-pt-2" style="--radix-accordion-content-height:var(--radix-collapsible-content-height);--radix-accordion-content-width:var(--radix-collapsible-content-width)"></div></div><div data-state="closed" data-orientation="vertical" class=""><h3 data-orientation="vertical" data-state="closed" class="t-flex"><button type="button" aria-controls="radix-:Rpmf6la:" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" data-orientation="vertical" id="radix-:R9mf6la:" class="t-flex t-flex-1 t-items-center t-gap-2 t-font-medium t-transition-all hover:t-underline [&[data-state=open]>svg]:t-rotate-180 !t-text-gray-200 body-small-bold" data-radix-collection-item="">For Engineers<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-down t-h-4 t-w-4 t-shrink-0 t-transition-transform t-duration-200"><path d="m6 9 6 6 6-6"></path></svg></button></h3><div data-state="closed" id="radix-:Rpmf6la:" hidden="" role="region" aria-labelledby="radix-:R9mf6la:" data-orientation="vertical" class="t-overflow-hidden t-text-sm t-transition-all data-[state=closed]:t-animate-accordion-up data-[state=open]:t-animate-accordion-down t-pt-2" style="--radix-accordion-content-height:var(--radix-collapsible-content-height);--radix-accordion-content-width:var(--radix-collapsible-content-width)"></div></div></div></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full md:t-hidden t-my-6 t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><div class="md:t-hidden t-flex t-items-center t-text-gray-200 body-x-small !t-text-gray-200"><a href="/policies">Privacy Policy</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><a href="/ethics-policy">AI and Ethics</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><a href="/generative-ai-editorial-use">Editorial Policy</a></div><div class="md:t-hidden t-flex t-items-center t-text-gray-200 t-flex-wrap t-gap-y-2 t-mt-4 body-x-small !t-text-gray-200"><a href="/donotsell">Do Not Sell My Personal Information</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><a href="/tos">Terms of Services</a></div><div class="md:t-hidden t-flex t-items-center t-text-gray-200 t-flex-wrap t-mt-4 t-gap-y-2 body-x-small !t-text-gray-200"><span class="t-text-gray-200">© Copyright 2024</span><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><span class="t-text-gray-200"> IE Media, Inc.</span></div><div class="md:t-hidden t-mt-2 t-flex t-items-center t-text-gray-200 t-flex-wrap t-gap-y-2 body-x-small !t-text-gray-200"><span class="t-text-gray-200">All Rights Reserved</span></div><a class="!t-text-gray-200 privacy-policy-link body-x-small t-pt-2" href="/policies/privacy-policy" id="pmLink">Privacy Manager</a></div></footer><div class="Toastify"></div><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/webpack-dfb406e79b8addd3.js" async=""></script><script>(self.__next_f=self.__next_f||[]).push([0]);self.__next_f.push([2,null])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1:HL[\"https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/media/a34f9d1faa5f3315-s.p.woff2\",\"font\",{\"crossOrigin\":\"\",\"type\":\"font/woff2\"}]\n2:HL[\"https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/css/22db0e48350782c7.css\",\"style\"]\n0:\"$L3\"\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4:HL[\"https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/css/fe300eb3a76594e3.css\",\"style\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5:I[33728,[],\"\"]\n7:I[29928,[],\"\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3:[[[\"$\",\"link\",\"0\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/css/22db0e48350782c7.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\"}]],[\"$\",\"$L5\",null,{\"buildId\":\"BgJI9OB3pMqMzLMwM1_Oe\",\"assetPrefix\":\"https://interestingengineering.com\",\"initialCanonicalUrl\":\"/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"initialTree\":[\"\",{\"children\":[[\"categoryId\",\"energy\",\"d\"],{\"children\":[[\"articleId\",\"quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"d\"],{\"children\":[\"__PAGE__\",{}]}]}]},\"$undefined\",\"$undefined\",true],\"initialHead\":[false,\"$L6\"],\"globalErrorComponent\":\"$7\",\"children\":[null,\"$L8\",null]}]]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9:I[68173,[\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"3600\",\"static/chunks/3600-db656d5ef353e886.js\",\"7105\",\"static/chunks/7105-c0564fff6073cee4.js\",\"3185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-f4884b1797a5fb0c.js\"],\"\"]\na:I[15297,[\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\""])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"3600\",\"static/chunks/3600-db656d5ef353e886.js\",\"7105\",\"static/chunks/7105-c0564fff6073cee4.js\",\"3185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-f4884b1797a5fb0c.js\"],\"\"]\nb:I[7338,[\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"699\",\"static/"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"3600\",\"static/chunks/3600-db656d5ef353e886.js\",\"7105\",\"static/chunks/7105-c0564fff6073cee4.js\",\"3185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-f4884b1797a5fb0c.js\"],\"\"]\nc:I[52219,[\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"3600\",\"static/chunks/3600-db656d5ef353e886.js\",\"7105\",\"static/chunks/7105-c"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"0564fff6073cee4.js\",\"3185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-f4884b1797a5fb0c.js\"],\"\"]\nd:I[69825,[\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"3600\",\"static/chunks/3600-db656d5ef353e886.js\",\"7105\",\"static/chunks/7105-c0564fff6073cee4.js\",\"3185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-f4884b1797a5fb0c.js\"],\"ThemeProvider\"]\ne:I[13991,[\"3447"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"3600\",\"static/chunks/3600-db656d5ef353e886.js\",\"7105\",\"static/chunks/7105-c0564fff6073cee4.js\",\"3185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-f4884b1797a5fb0c.js\"],\"\"]\nf:I[56954,[],\"\"]\n10:I[7264,[],\"\"]\n18:I[66316,[\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"3600\",\"static/chunks/3600-db656d5ef353e886.js\",\"7105\",\"static/chunks/7105-c0564fff6073cee4.js\",\"3185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-f4884b1797a5fb0c.js\"],\"\"]\n11:T6762,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"data:image/png;base64,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"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"12:T4b8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"M19.4827 6.54586C19.3896 6.47494 19.2687 6.45169 19.1558 6.48267L6.13315 10.0703L4.73496 9.66422C4.62181 9.63136 4.4996 9.65358 4.40524 9.7245C4.31089 9.79528 4.25543 9.90637 4.25543 10.0243V13.8754C4.25543 13.9947 4.3122 14.1069 4.40834 14.1776C4.50443 14.2482 4.62832 14.269 4.74232 14.2333L6.04699 13.8256C6.07385 13.8317 6.1017 13.8352 6.13043 13.8352C6.16259 13.8352 6.19353 13.8308 6.22324 13.8232L8.28893 14.4134C8.28893 14.4177 8.28846 14.4219 8.28856 14.4263C8.30984 15.2593 8.65085 16.0397 9.24884 16.6239C9.84804 17.2093 10.6384 17.5316 11.4741 17.5316C12.5596 17.5316 13.5555 16.9847 14.142 16.0857L19.1524 17.5172C19.1863 17.5269 19.2209 17.5316 19.2554 17.5316C19.336 17.5316 19.4154 17.5057 19.4812 17.456C19.5752 17.3851 19.6304 17.2743 19.6304 17.1566V6.84412C19.6304 6.72717 19.5758 6.61683 19.4827 6.54586ZM14.1261 15.3011C14.0896 15.2842 14.0517 15.2736 14.0136 15.269L6.50543 13.1238V10.7456L17.3804 7.74966V16.2308L14.1261 15.3011ZM5.00543 10.5237L5.75543 10.7415V13.131L5.00543 13.3654V10.5237ZM11.4742 16.7817C10.2405 16.7817 9.19971 15.8363 9.0551 14.6324L13.3758 15.8668C12.9178 16.44 12.2239 16.7817 11.4742 16.7817ZM18.8804 16.6595L18.1304 16.4452V7.54308L18.8804 7.33641V16.6595Z"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"13:T5ff,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"M19.2029 10.4645C19.0923 10.3963 18.9542 10.39 18.8381 10.4481L15.6307 12.0518V11.6506C15.6307 10.9995 15.1271 10.4642 14.4891 10.4129C15.1864 9.82776 15.6307 8.95045 15.6307 7.97095C15.6307 6.21337 14.2008 4.78345 12.4432 4.78345C11.5436 4.78345 10.6984 5.16032 10.0995 5.81081C9.50063 5.16032 8.65538 4.78345 7.75571 4.78345C5.99818 4.78345 4.56821 6.21337 4.56821 7.97095C4.56821 8.95045 5.01263 9.82771 5.70994 10.4129C5.07183 10.4643 4.56821 10.9996 4.56821 11.6506V16.4788C4.56821 17.1638 5.1255 17.721 5.81039 17.721H14.3886C15.0735 17.721 15.6307 17.1638 15.6307 16.4788V16.0778L18.8381 17.6814C18.891 17.7078 18.9484 17.721 19.0057 17.721C19.0743 17.721 19.1427 17.7022 19.2029 17.665C19.3134 17.5967 19.3807 17.476 19.3807 17.346V10.7835C19.3807 10.6537 19.3135 10.5329 19.2029 10.4645ZM5.31821 7.97099C5.31821 6.62699 6.41171 5.53349 7.75571 5.53349C8.57391 5.53349 9.33333 5.94126 9.78718 6.62414C9.85664 6.72871 9.97393 6.79157 10.0995 6.79157C10.2251 6.79157 10.3424 6.72871 10.4118 6.62414C10.8657 5.94131 11.6251 5.53349 12.4432 5.53349C13.7873 5.53349 14.8807 6.62699 14.8807 7.97099C14.8807 9.31509 13.7873 10.4085 12.4432 10.4085H7.75571C6.41171 10.4085 5.31821 9.31509 5.31821 7.97099ZM14.8807 12.6585V15.471V16.4789C14.8807 16.7503 14.66 16.971 14.3886 16.971H5.81039C5.53903 16.971 5.31821 16.7503 5.31821 16.4789V11.6507C5.31821 11.3793 5.53903 11.1585 5.81039 11.1585H7.75571H12.4432H14.3886C14.66 11.1585 14.8807 11.3793 14.8807 11.6507V12.6585ZM18.6307 16.7393L15.6307 15.2393V12.8904L18.6307 11.3904V16.7393Z"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"14:T89e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"M4.51672 17.5631C4.30963 17.5631 4.14172 17.3953 4.14172 17.1881V15.953C4.14172 14.1411 6.93004 13.4152 8.59597 12.9816C8.97688 12.8824 9.30585 12.7967 9.44136 12.7359C9.69679 12.6213 9.7904 12.1442 9.77465 11.6838C9.4085 11.2508 9.12679 10.5958 8.91735 9.69107C8.75643 9.58734 8.60661 9.41826 8.4756 9.19045C8.22224 8.74992 8.02293 8.04623 8.18404 7.54214C8.28838 7.21565 8.49121 7.00978 8.65344 6.89029C8.65302 6.64931 8.65396 6.24989 8.66263 5.92734C8.70261 4.43732 9.50826 3.71507 10.1771 3.37167C10.911 2.99475 11.7 2.95307 12.0115 2.95307C12.0154 2.95298 12.0192 2.95298 12.0231 2.95307C12.3333 2.95307 13.1224 2.99475 13.8563 3.37167C14.5251 3.71507 15.3307 4.43732 15.3708 5.92734C15.3795 6.24989 15.3804 6.64931 15.38 6.89029C15.5421 7.00978 15.745 7.21565 15.8493 7.54214C16.0105 8.04623 15.8112 8.74992 15.5578 9.19035C15.4268 9.41812 15.277 9.58724 15.1161 9.69107C14.9066 10.5955 14.625 11.2504 14.259 11.6834C14.2525 11.891 14.2627 12.2532 14.387 12.512C14.4767 12.6987 14.3981 12.9227 14.2114 13.0124C14.0247 13.1022 13.8006 13.0235 13.711 12.8369C13.4891 12.3749 13.4947 11.8025 13.5178 11.5024C13.5245 11.4154 13.5613 11.3335 13.6218 11.2709C13.9606 10.9196 14.2228 10.2917 14.4232 9.35165C14.4535 9.20976 14.5628 9.09825 14.7035 9.06492C14.7572 9.03965 14.911 8.87606 15.0376 8.53701C15.165 8.19571 15.1783 7.90612 15.1349 7.77051C15.0654 7.55296 14.8875 7.46095 14.8608 7.44825C14.7133 7.3935 14.6279 7.25671 14.6291 7.09889C14.6291 7.09209 14.6338 6.4215 14.621 5.94759C14.5653 3.86742 12.6261 3.70307 12.023 3.70307C12.0192 3.70307 12.0156 3.70307 12.0118 3.70307C11.4075 3.70307 9.46827 3.86732 9.41244 5.94749C9.39974 6.42145 9.40429 7.09209 9.40429 7.09884C9.40541 7.25667 9.32015 7.39345 9.17258 7.4482C9.14586 7.461 8.96802 7.5531 8.89851 7.77046C8.85515 7.90598 8.86846 8.19562 8.99586 8.53696C9.12238 8.87606 9.27627 9.0397 9.32994 9.06487C9.47075 9.0982 9.57997 9.20971 9.61021 9.3516C9.8106 10.2917 10.0728 10.9195 10.4116 11.2708C10.4721 11.3335 10.5089 11.4154 10.5156 11.5023C10.5509 11.9595 10.5467 13.0619 9.74858 13.4201C9.55574 13.5067 9.2324 13.5908 8.78493 13.7073C7.42438 14.0616 4.89172 14.7209 4.89172 15.953V17.188C4.89172 17.3953 4.72382 17.5631 4.51672 17.5631Z"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"15:T471,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"M18.5286 8.15662H15.1536V7.59412C15.1536 6.6119 14.3546 5.81287 13.3724 5.81287H10.5599C9.57772 5.81287 8.77864 6.6119 8.77864 7.59412V8.15662H5.4035C4.6798 8.15662 4.091 8.74546 4.091 9.46912V12.2817V16.9692C4.091 17.6928 4.6798 18.2817 5.4035 18.2817H18.5286C19.2523 18.2817 19.8411 17.6928 19.8411 16.9692V12.2817V9.46912C19.8411 8.74541 19.2523 8.15662 18.5286 8.15662ZM9.52864 7.59412C9.52864 7.02548 9.99125 6.56287 10.5599 6.56287H13.3724C13.941 6.56287 14.4036 7.02548 14.4036 7.59412V8.15662H9.52864V7.59412ZM4.841 9.46912C4.841 9.15899 5.09333 8.90662 5.4035 8.90662H18.5286C18.8388 8.90662 19.0911 9.15899 19.0911 9.46912V11.9066H4.841V9.46912ZM14.3098 12.6567H16.1848V13.719H14.3098V12.6567ZM7.74744 12.6567H9.62244V13.719H7.74744V12.6567ZM18.5286 17.5317H5.4035C5.09333 17.5317 4.841 17.2792 4.841 16.9692V12.6567H6.99744V14.094C6.99744 14.3012 7.16535 14.469 7.37244 14.469H9.99744C10.2045 14.469 10.3724 14.3012 10.3724 14.094V12.6567H13.5598V14.094C13.5598 14.3012 13.7278 14.469 13.9348 14.469H16.5598C16.7669 14.469 16.9348 14.3012 16.9348 14.094V12.6567H19.0911V16.9692C19.0911 17.2792 18.8388 17.5317 18.5286 17.5317Z"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8:[\"$\",\"html\",null,{\"lang\":\"en\",\"suppressHydrationWarning\":true,\"children\":[[\"$\",\"head\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"id\":\"adtEmail\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"!function(){'use strict';var e=window.location.search.substring(1).split('\u0026');const t=e=\u003ee.replace(/\\\\s/g,''),o=e=\u003enew Promise((t=\u003e{if(!('msCrypto'in window)\u0026\u0026'https:'===location.protocol\u0026\u0026'crypto'in window\u0026\u0026'TextEncoder'in window){const o=(new TextEncoder).encode(e);crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-256',o).then((e=\u003e{const o=Array.from(new Uint8Array(e)).map((e=\u003e('00'+e.toString(16)).slice(-2))).join('');t(o)}))}else t('')}));for(var n=0;n\u003ce.length;n++){var r='adt_ei',i=decodeURIComponent(e[n]);if(0===i.indexOf(r)){var a=i.split(r+'=')[1];if((e=\u003e{const t=e.match(/((?=([a-zA-Z0-9._!#$%+^\u0026*()[\\\\]\u003c\u003e-]+))\\\\2@[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+\\\\.[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+)/gi);return t?t[0]:''})(t(a.toLowerCase()))){o(a).then((t=\u003e{t.length\u0026\u0026(localStorage.setItem(r,t),localStorage.setItem('adt_emsrc','url'),e.splice(n,1),history.replaceState(null,'','?'+e.join('\u0026')))}));break}}}}(); \"}}],[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"\\n (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':\\n new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],\\n j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'\u0026l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=\\n 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);\\n })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WKW2TKP'); \"}}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"charSet\":\"utf-8\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"viewport\",\"content\":\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"property\":\"fb:pages\",\"content\":\"139188202817559\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"property\":\"fb:app_id\",\"content\":\"467815213795758\"}],false]}],[\"$\",\"body\",null,{\"className\":\"min-h-screen bg-background font-sans antialiased __variable_7a4a9c\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"noscript\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"iframe\",null,{\"src\":\"https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WKW2TKP\",\"height\":\"0\",\"width\":\"0\",\"style\":{\"display\":\"none\",\"visibility\":\"hidden\"}}]}],[\"$\",\"$L9\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$La\",null,{\"user\":{\"error\":\"\",\"data\":null,\"isError\":false,\"isLoading\":false,\"isSuccess\":false,\"meta\":{\"isAuthenticated\":false,\"isPremium\":false,\"isBot\":true,\"userIp\":\"\",\"viewport\":\"desktop\",\"showAd\":true}},\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Lb\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Lc\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Ld\",null,{\"defaultTheme\":\"light\",\"enableSystem\":true,\"disableTransitionOnChange\":true,\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"slug\":\"/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"md:t-min-h-[calc(100vh-350px)]\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Lf\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"segmentPath\":[\"children\"],\"loading\":\"$undefined\",\"loadingStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"hasLoading\":false,\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L10\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":[\"$\",\"main\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_main__blB3k\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_banner__pXxaH\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_content__4KF3l\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_errorCodeImage__BDd5z\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"222\",\"height\":\"106\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 222 106\",\"fill\":\"none\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"xmlnsXlink\":\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"rect\",null,{\"width\":\"222\",\"height\":\"106\",\"fill\":\"url(#pattern0_12343_12712)\"}],[\"$\",\"defs\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"pattern\",null,{\"id\":\"pattern0_12343_12712\",\"patternContentUnits\":\"objectBoundingBox\",\"width\":\"1\",\"height\":\"1\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"use\",null,{\"xlinkHref\":\"#image0_12343_12712\",\"transform\":\"matrix(0.00139668 0 0 0.00292513 -1.2452e-05 -0.603774)\"}]}],[\"$\",\"image\",null,{\"id\":\"image0_12343_12712\",\"width\":\"716\",\"height\":\"660\",\"xlinkHref\":\"$11\"}]]}]]}]}],[\"$\",\"h2\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_errorTitle__Ead2l\",\"children\":\"Oops!\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_errorDescription__JFynR\",\"children\":[\"Looks like the page you're looking for doesn't exist.\",[\"$\",\"br\",null,{}],\"But we have dozens of others on our home page.\"]}],[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/\",\"className\":\"__404_homeButton__Wk_Er\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_homeButtonText__QL7WY\",\"children\":\"← Go to homepage\"}]}]]}]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_container__qTqgT\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_categories__FMoNi\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/news\",\"className\":\"__404_category__DYvlM undefined\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"24\",\"height\":\"24\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 24 24\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"g\",null,{\"clipPath\":\"url(#clip0_12394_43109)\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M12.1304 0C5.50296 0 0.130432 5.37277 0.130432 12C0.130432 18.6273 5.50296 24 12.1304 24C18.7579 24 24.1304 18.6273 24.1304 12C24.1304 5.37277 18.7579 0 12.1304 0ZM12.1304 23.25C5.9172 23.25 0.880432 18.2131 0.880432 12C0.880432 5.787 5.9172 0.75 12.1304 0.75C18.3437 0.75 23.3804 5.787 23.3804 12C23.3804 18.2131 18.3437 23.25 12.1304 23.25Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"$12\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"defs\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"clipPath\",null,{\"id\":\"clip0_12394_43109\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"rect\",null,{\"width\":\"24\",\"height\":\"24\",\"fill\":\"white\",\"transform\":\"translate(0.130432)\"}]}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"h3\",null,{\"children\":\"News\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_arrow___ZbSj\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"14\",\"height\":\"12\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 14 12\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M1 6L7 6L13 6M13 6L8.5 1.5M13 6L8.5 10.5\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\",\"strokeWidth\":\"1.5\",\"strokeLinecap\":\"round\",\"strokeLinejoin\":\"round\"}]}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/videos\",\"className\":\"__404_category__DYvlM undefined\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"24\",\"height\":\"24\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 24 24\",\"fill\":\"none\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M12 0C5.37253 0 0 5.37277 0 12C0 18.6273 5.37253 24 12 24C18.6274 24 24 18.6273 24 12C24 5.37277 18.6274 0 12 0ZM12 23.25C5.78677 23.25 0.75 18.2131 0.75 12C0.75 5.78695 5.78677 0.75 12 0.75C18.2132 0.75 23.25 5.78695 23.25 12C23.25 18.2131 18.2132 23.25 12 23.25Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"$13\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M7.75571 8.72095C8.16992 8.72095 8.50571 8.38516 8.50571 7.97095C8.50571 7.55673 8.16992 7.22095 7.75571 7.22095C7.34149 7.22095 7.00571 7.55673 7.00571 7.97095C7.00571 8.38516 7.34149 8.72095 7.75571 8.72095Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M12.4432 8.72095C12.8574 8.72095 13.1932 8.38516 13.1932 7.97095C13.1932 7.55673 12.8574 7.22095 12.4432 7.22095C12.029 7.22095 11.6932 7.55673 11.6932 7.97095C11.6932 8.38516 12.029 8.72095 12.4432 8.72095Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"h3\",null,{\"children\":\"Videos\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_arrow___ZbSj\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"14\",\"height\":\"12\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 14 12\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M1 6L7 6L13 6M13 6L8.5 1.5M13 6L8.5 10.5\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\",\"strokeWidth\":\"1.5\",\"strokeLinecap\":\"round\",\"strokeLinejoin\":\"round\"}]}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/subscribe\",\"className\":\"__404_category__DYvlM undefined\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"24\",\"height\":\"24\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 24 24\",\"fill\":\"none\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"g\",null,{\"clipPath\":\"url(#clip0_12394_43153)\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M12 0C5.37253 0 0 5.37277 0 12C0 18.6273 5.37253 24 12 24C18.6274 24 24 18.6273 24 12C24 5.37277 18.6274 0 12 0ZM12 23.25C5.78677 23.25 0.75 18.213 0.75 12C0.75 5.78695 5.78677 0.75 12 0.75C18.2132 0.75 23.25 5.78695 23.25 12C23.25 18.213 18.2132 23.25 12 23.25Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M16.0011 19.6239C13.8558 19.6239 12.1105 17.8786 12.1105 15.7333C12.1105 13.588 13.8558 11.8427 16.0011 11.8427C18.1464 11.8427 19.8917 13.588 19.8917 15.7333C19.8917 17.8786 18.1464 19.6239 16.0011 19.6239ZM16.0011 12.5927C14.2694 12.5927 12.8605 14.0015 12.8605 15.7333C12.8605 17.4651 14.2694 18.8739 16.0011 18.8739C17.7328 18.8739 19.1417 17.4651 19.1417 15.7333C19.1417 14.0015 17.7328 12.5927 16.0011 12.5927Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M15.9923 17.7584C15.7852 17.7584 15.6173 17.5905 15.6173 17.3834V14.0747C15.6173 13.8676 15.7852 13.6997 15.9923 13.6997C16.1994 13.6997 16.3673 13.8676 16.3673 14.0747V17.3834C16.3673 17.5905 16.1994 17.7584 15.9923 17.7584Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M17.6467 16.104H14.338C14.1309 16.104 13.963 15.9361 13.963 15.729C13.963 15.5219 14.1309 15.354 14.338 15.354H17.6467C17.8538 15.354 18.0217 15.5219 18.0217 15.729C18.0217 15.9361 17.8538 16.104 17.6467 16.104Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"$14\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"defs\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"clipPath\",null,{\"id\":\"clip0_12394_43153\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"rect\",null,{\"width\":\"24\",\"height\":\"24\",\"fill\":\"white\"}]}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"h3\",null,{\"children\":\"Subscription\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_arrow___ZbSj\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"14\",\"height\":\"12\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 14 12\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M1 6L7 6L13 6M13 6L8.5 1.5M13 6L8.5 10.5\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\",\"strokeWidth\":\"1.5\",\"strokeLinecap\":\"round\",\"strokeLinejoin\":\"round\"}]}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/ie-academy\",\"className\":\"__404_category__DYvlM undefined\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"24\",\"height\":\"24\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 24 24\",\"fill\":\"none\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"g\",null,{\"clipPath\":\"url(#clip0_12394_43178)\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M12 0C5.37253 0 0 5.37277 0 12C0 18.6273 5.37253 24 12 24C18.6274 24 24 18.6273 24 12C24 5.37277 18.6274 0 12 0ZM12 23.25C5.78677 23.25 0.75 18.213 0.75 12C0.75 5.78695 5.78677 0.75 12 0.75C18.2132 0.75 23.25 5.78695 23.25 12C23.25 18.213 18.2132 23.25 12 23.25Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"$15\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"defs\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"clipPath\",null,{\"id\":\"clip0_12394_43178\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"rect\",null,{\"width\":\"24\",\"height\":\"24\",\"fill\":\"white\"}]}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"h3\",null,{\"children\":\"IE Academy\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_arrow___ZbSj\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"14\",\"height\":\"12\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 14 12\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M1 6L7 6L13 6M13 6L8.5 1.5M13 6L8.5 10.5\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\",\"strokeWidth\":\"1.5\",\"strokeLinecap\":\"round\",\"strokeLinejoin\":\"round\"}]}]}]]}]]}]}]]}],\"notFoundStyles\":[[\"$\",\"link\",\"0\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/css/3daf144e389c5a57.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\"}]],\"childProp\":{\"current\":[\"$\",\"$Lf\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"segmentPath\":[\"children\",[\"categoryId\",\"energy\",\"d\"],\"children\"],\"loading\":\"$undefined\",\"loadingStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"hasLoading\":false,\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L10\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":\"$undefined\",\"notFoundStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"childProp\":{\"current\":[\"$\",\"$Lf\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"segmentPath\":[\"children\",[\"categoryId\",\"energy\",\"d\"],\"children\",[\"articleId\",\"quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"d\"],\"children\"],\"loading\":\"$undefined\",\"loadingStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"hasLoading\":false,\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L10\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":\"$undefined\",\"notFoundStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"childProp\":{\"current\":[\"$L16\",\"$L17\",null],\"segment\":\"__PAGE__\"},\"styles\":[[\"$\",\"link\",\"0\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/css/fe300eb3a76594e3.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],\"segment\":[\"articleId\",\"quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"d\"]},\"styles\":[]}],\"segment\":[\"categoryId\",\"energy\",\"d\"]},\"styles\":[]}]}],[\"$\",\"$L18\",null,{\"disableAds\":false}]]}]}]}]}]}]]}]]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6:[[\"$\",\"meta\",\"0\",{\"charSet\":\"utf-8\"}],[\"$\",\"title\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"2\",{\"name\":\"description\",\"content\":\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"3\",{\"name\":\"application-name\",\"content\":\"Interesting Engineering\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"4\",{\"name\":\"author\",\"content\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"5\",{\"rel\":\"manifest\",\"href\":\"/manifest.json\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"6\",{\"name\":\"generator\",\"content\":\"Next.js\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"7\",{\"name\":\"keywords\",\"content\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment, Physics, thermal energy\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"8\",{\"name\":\"referrer\",\"content\":\"origin\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"9\",{\"name\":\"theme-color\",\"content\":\"#000000\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"10\",{\"name\":\"color-scheme\",\"content\":\"light\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"11\",{\"name\":\"viewport\",\"content\":\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"12\",{\"name\":\"creator\",\"content\":\"@IntEngineering\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"13\",{\"name\":\"publisher\",\"content\":\"Interesting Engineering\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"14\",{\"name\":\"robots\",\"content\":\"index, follow, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"15\",{\"rel\":\"canonical\",\"href\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"16\",{\"property\":\"og:title\",\"content\":\"New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"17\",{\"property\":\"og:description\",\"content\":\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"18\",{\"property\":\"og:url\",\"content\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"19\",{\"property\":\"og:site_name\",\"content\":\"Interesting Engineering\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"20\",{\"property\":\"og:image\",\"content\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"21\",{\"property\":\"og:image:width\",\"content\":\"1920\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"22\",{\"property\":\"og:image:height\",\"content\":\"1080\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"23\",{\"property\":\"og:image:type\",\"content\":\"image/jpeg\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"24\",{\"property\":\"og:type\",\"content\":\"article\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"25\",{\"name\":\"twitter:card\",\"content\":\"summary_large_image\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"26\",{\"name\":\"twitter:site\",\"content\":\"@IntEngineering\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"27\",{\"name\":\"twitter:creator\",\"content\":\"@IntEngineering\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"28\",{\"name\":\"twitter:title\",\"content\":\"New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"29\",{\"name\":\"twitter:description\",\"content\":\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"30\",{\"name\":\"twitter:image\",\"content\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"31\",{\"rel\":\"shortcut icon\",\"href\":\"/favicon.ico\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"32\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-57x57.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"57x57\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"33\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-60x60.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"60x60\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"34\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-72x72.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"72x72\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"35\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-76x76.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"76x76\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"36\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-114x114.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"114x114\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"37\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-120x120.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"120x120\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"38\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-144x144.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"144x144\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"39\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-152x152.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"152x152\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"40\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-180x180.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"180x180\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"41\",{\"rel\":\"icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/android-icon-192x192.png?v=14\",\"type\":\"image/png\",\"sizes\":\"192x192\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"42\",{\"rel\":\"icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/favicon-32x32.png?v=14\",\"type\":\"image/png\",\"sizes\":\"32x32\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"43\",{\"rel\":\"icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/favicon-96x96.png?v=14\",\"type\":\"image/png\",\"sizes\":\"96x96\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"44\",{\"rel\":\"icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/favicon-16x16.png?v=14\",\"type\":\"image/png\",\"sizes\":\"16x16\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"45\",{\"name\":\"next-size-adjust\"}]]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"16:null\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"19:I[67682,[\"6990\",\"static/chunks/13b76428-6b30cc43e742e4a7.js\",\"3572\",\"static/chunks/70e0d97a-92a267c2db16d5ca.js\",\"7902\",\"static/chunks/54a60aa6-7db6cc992ba288e3.js\",\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"4453\",\"static/chunks/4453-8383c30e7e52fe7c.js\",\"8855\",\"static/chunks/8855-1b6f520aab886c00.js\",\"651\",\"static/chunks/651-33c9330aca67638c.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"5125\",\"static/chunks/5125-716fae9a6881d616.js\",\"9615\",\"static/chunks/9615-46fb736e3bca55cf.js\",\"9212\",\"static/chunks/9212-416114feab18f184.js\",\"5697\",\"static/chunks/5697-4343ff2e324a43e4.js\",\"8021\",\"static/chunks/8021-e8b60eb3f7d363eb.js\",\"2808\",\"static/chunks/2808-e53d880cba8b33f7.js\",\"1171\",\"static/chunks/1171-665062a286b079d3.js\",\"2827\",\"static/chunks/2827-c3b59feed177508b.js\",\"7192\",\"static/chunks/app/%5BcategoryId%5D/%5BarticleId%5D/page-b47ba46017d0895c.js\"],\"DataLayerScript\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1b:I[34012,[\"6990\",\"static/chunks/13b76428-6b30cc43e742e4a7.js\",\"3572\",\"static/chunks/70e0d97a-92a267c2db16d5ca.js\",\"7902\",\"static/chunks/54a60aa6-7db6cc992ba288e3.js\",\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"4453\",\"static/chunks/4453-8383c30e7e52fe7c.js\",\"8855\",\"static/chunks/8855-1b6f520aab886c00.js\",\"651\",\"static/chunks/651-33c9330aca67638c.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"5125\",\"static/chunks/5125-716fae9a6881d616.js\",\"9615\",\"static/chunks/9615-46fb736e3bca55cf.js\",\"9212\",\"static/chunks/9212-416114feab18f184.js\",\"5697\",\"static/chunks/5697-4343ff2e324a43e4.js\",\"8021\",\"static/chunks/8021-e8b60eb3f7d363eb.js\",\"2808\",\"static/chunks/2808-e53d880cba8b33f7.js\",\"1171\",\"static/chunks/1171-665062a286b079d3.js\",\"2827\",\"static/chunks/2827-c3b59feed177508b.js\",\"7192\",\"static/chunks/app/%5BcategoryId%5D/%5BarticleId%5D/page-b47ba46017d0895c.js\"],\"\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e6:I[80034,[\"6990\",\"static/chunks/13b76428-6b30cc43e742e4a7.js\",\"3572\",\"static/chunks/70e0d97a-92a267c2db16d5ca.js\",\"7902\",\"static/chunks/54a60aa6-7db6cc992ba288e3.js\",\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"4453\",\"static/chunks/4453-8383c30e7e52fe7c.js\",\"8855\",\"static/chunks/8855-1b6f520aab886c00.js\",\"651\",\"static/chunks/651-33c9330aca67638c.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"5125\",\"static/chunks/5125-716fae9a6881d616.js\",\"9615\",\"static/chunks/9615-46fb736e3bca55cf.js\",\"9212\",\"static/chunks/9212-416114feab18f184.js\",\"5697\",\"static/chunks/5697-4343ff2e324a43e4.js\",\"8021\",\"static/chunks/8021-e8b60eb3f7d363eb.js\",\"2808\",\"static/chunks/2808-e53d880cba8b33f7.js\",\"1171\",\"static/chunks/1171-665062a286b079d3.js\",\"2827\",\"static/chunks/2827-c3b59feed177508b.js\",\"7192\",\"static/chunks/app/%5BcategoryId%5D/%5BarticleId%5D/page-b47ba46017d0895c.js\"],\"\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e7:I[671,[\"6990\",\"static/chunks/13b76428-6b30cc43e742e4a7.js\",\"3572\",\"static/chunks/70e0d97a-92a267c2db16d5ca.js\",\"7902\",\"static/chunks/54a60aa6-7db6cc992ba288e3.js\",\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"4453\",\"static/chunks/4453-8383c30e7e52fe7c.js\",\"8855\",\"static/chunks/8855-1b6f520aab886c00.js\",\"651\",\"static/chunks/651-33c9330aca67638c.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"5125\",\"static/chunks/5125-716fae9a6881d616.js\",\"9615\",\"static/chunks/9615-46fb736e3bca55cf.js\",\"9212\",\"static/chunks/9212-416114feab18f184.js\",\"5697\",\"static/chunks/5697-4343ff2e324a43e4.js\",\"8021\",\"static/chunks/8021-e8b60eb3f7d363eb.js\",\"2808\",\"static/chunks/2808-e53d880cba8b33f7.js\",\"1171\",\"static/chunks/1171-665062a286b079d3.js\",\"2827\",\"static/chunks/2827-c3b59feed177508b.js\",\"7192\",\"static/chunks/app/%5BcategoryId%5D/%5BarticleId%5D/page-b47ba46017d0895c.js\"],\"\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1a:T1494,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/04d17e51bc5c6742dc3271715a1d33e1\"},\"headline\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T10:56:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"},\"wordCount\":661,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"caption\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Physics\",\"thermal energy\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"name\":\"New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T10:56:03+00:00\",\"description\":\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/news\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1c:T1f88,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:56:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/04d17e51bc5c6742dc3271715a1d33e1\"},\"headline\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T10:56:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"},\"wordCount\":661,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"caption\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Physics\",\"thermal energy\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"name\":\"New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T10:56:03+00:00\",\"description\":\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"251\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1d:T1922,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eBatteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eextra solar\u003c/a\u003e or wind power when it\u0026#8217;s available and supplying it during peak demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTES systems\u003c/a\u003e. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econverts heat \u003c/a\u003einto electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter\"\u003eThe significance of a good thermal emitter\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal emitters\u003c/a\u003e, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators\"\u003eAn innovation with talking resonators\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etungsten\u003c/a\u003e to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emost useful photons\u003c/a\u003e for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHopefully, the new thermal emitter will make \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal energy storage\u003c/a\u003e highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Nanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1e:T651,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eextra solar\u003c/a\u003e or wind power when it\u0026#8217;s available and supplying it during peak demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTES systems\u003c/a\u003e. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econverts heat \u003c/a\u003einto electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter\"\u003eThe significance of a good thermal emitter\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1f:T4fa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal emitters\u003c/a\u003e, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"20:T7d5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators\"\u003eAn innovation with talking resonators\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etungsten\u003c/a\u003e to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emost useful photons\u003c/a\u003e for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"21:T1fd2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eHow vaporizing plastics could save a failing recycling industry\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A new catalytic process, developed by scientists at UC Berkeley, tackles one of the main problems with traditional plastic recycling today.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How vaporizing plastics could save a failing recycling industry\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A new catalytic process, developed by scientists at UC Berkeley, tackles one of the main problems with traditional plastic recycling today.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T07:09:01+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T07:14:31+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Chris Young\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Chris Young\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/99e7d13d21e76ff8ef080551eb758778\"},\"headline\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-23T07:09:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-23T07:14:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\"},\"wordCount\":1308,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\",\"caption\":\"An artist's render of plastic waste in the ocean.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"plastic\",\"plastic recycling\",\"polypropylene\",\"Recycling\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\",\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\",\"name\":\"How vaporizing plastics could save a failing recycling industry\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-23T07:09:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-23T07:14:31+00:00\",\"description\":\"A new catalytic process, developed by scientists at UC Berkeley, tackles one of the main problems with traditional plastic recycling today.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"An artist's render of plastic waste in the ocean.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/z39v6l6neGo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"152\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-23T07:09:01+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"22:T26b3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA team of scientists from University of California, Berkeley, has developed a new method for breaking plastics down into their original building blocks. This could unlock a new highly-efficient recycling industry that produces valuable plastics and reduces the need to derive them from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem with recycling methods today is that they collect and combine plastics with different chemical architectures to create weaker, less useful plastics.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The biggest problem is that there are hundreds of different types of these plastics with different lengths of [carbon atom] chains and distribution of lengths of the chains, etc.,” said John Hartwig, professor of chemistry at UC Berkeley who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq7316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enew study\u003c/a\u003e, in an interview with \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Each of these is made for specific purposes, like a yogurt container or the inside of a car door, from the same monomer but with a different chemical architecture to give different properties,” he continued. “When those are mixed and melted and used to reform a new object, it does not have the properties of either the yogurt container or the car door.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-plastic-waste-and-traditional-recycling\"\u003ePlastic waste and traditional recycling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlastic waste is a well-known problem all over the globe. Despite best efforts, it has become uncontrollable. According to a United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/everything-you-need-know-about-plastic-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereport\u003c/a\u003e, approximately 430 million tons of plastic is produced yearly. Almost half of that ends up in a landfill, while 22% is mismanaged and ends up in the natural environment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is largely down to the fact the world reached \u003ca href=\"https://www.packaginginsights.com/news/plastic-overshoot-day-annual-global-waste-production-set-to-outpace-management-by-220-million-tons.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePlastic Overshoot Day\u003c/a\u003e on September 5. That is, the day in the year when plastic waste surpasses the capability of waste management systems to handle the massive amounts produced.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem isn’t going away any time soon and we are in dire need of more effective solutions. According to Hartwig and his team, it would be unwise to completely turn our back on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e. Instead, we should make sure we can retain its value throughout the recycling process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Plastics are fantastic materials,” Hartwig told IE. “They are much lighter than glass or metal but can have enough strength. They are more pliable than glass. One would not wrap food to preserve it in glass and ship and store the food in glass, for example. It even uses less energy and water to produce than paper.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The issue with plastic is that it lasts a long time and is difficult to recycle,” he continued. “Paper, glass and aluminum are easier to recycle, although this recycling, particularly of glass, uses a lot of energy.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHartwig and his team set out to develop a method that would conserve the original value of virgin plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene, which are widely used for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-pollution-ocean-floor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastic bags\u003c/a\u003e and hard plastic packaging, respectively. They devised a catalytic process that essentially vaporizes these plastics, converting them into hydrocarbon gases. These can then be used to manufacture virgin plastics from scratch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-chemical-recycling\"\u003eChemical recycling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new method solves a key problems of traditional recycling: the diminishing returns related to the quality of plastic produced. Typically, plastics created via recycling won’t be reused for the same plastic packaging and containers found in supermarkets—such as for yogurts, milk cartons, and plastic bags. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn fact, some argue that the word \u0026#8216;recycle\u0026#8217; is a misnomer, and the most widely used process should really be called \u0026#8216;downcycling\u0026#8217;. Bottles and supermarket goods, for example, are often turned into plastic trays and carpeting, and can’t be reused to create the same single-use products.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Plastics are currently recycled by mechanical recycling,” Hartwig said. “By this method, plastics of a similar type are combined and reprocessed to make something new. However, the properties are deteriorated by mechanical recycling, so the value of the material produced is much lower.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHartwig and his team’s method addresses this problem. If it delivers on the promise, it could finally create a truly circular economy for valuable plastics. The method, called chemical recycling, breaks the chemical bonds in polymer chains to allow for the creation of new virgin plastics. Unlike traditional recycling, the process of plastic creation happens from scratch. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In the best-case scenario, polymer chains are broken to recreate the monomer from which the polymer was made,” Hartwig explained. “In our work, we found a way to cleave carbon-carbon bonds to form a single product that can be used to make new plastics. Thus, one can envision chemically recycling polyethylene and polypropylene to make the monomers from which new plastics with the original properties could be made.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Plastics to Building Blocks\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/z39v6l6neGo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-like-deconstructing-a-metal-chain\"\u003eLike deconstructing a metal chain\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo devise their new method, Hartwig and his team built on one of their own studies from 2022. In that paper, they outlined a new process using a catalyst to break long polyethylene (PE) polymers into uniform chunks. The three-carbon molecule propylene chunks created in the process are the building blocks for high-value plastics, such as polypropylene.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs part of their latest research, Hartwig and team demonstrated they could deconstruct the bonds in both polyethylene and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-bioplastic-degrades-faster-than-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolypropylene\u003c/a\u003e to make a single product. Moreover, they could do this using catalysts that are cheap and commercially available. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir process cracks the chain at 320°C and leaves a reactive carbon-carbon double bond. The catalyst then uses that double bond in a reaction with ethylene, which contains two carbon atoms. This attaches one carbon atom to the end to make propylene, containing three carbon atoms, leaving a chain that is once carbon atom shorter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Hartwig, “this happens to each of the roughly thousand carbon atoms in the chain to leave nothing behind by the catalyst and emits propylene gas.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In non-chemical terms, I like to compare it to deconstructing a metal chain,” he said. “First, we cleave the chain in the middle with a catalyst and leave at the ends a reactive unit—a carbon-carbon double bond. In the chain analogy this would be an open link. Then a catalyst will remove that open link by attaching it to a new one.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By doing so, the next chain link is left open. The catalyst can then attach that open chain link at the end to a new chain,” Hartwig continued. “Alternatively, one can compare it to taking apart a pearl necklace. In this analogy, the chain is broken in the middle, allowing the pearls to be removed one at a time. In the process of removing them, they are attached to two new pearls to make new units of three pearls.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-when-will-we-see-the-new-circular-economy\"\u003eWhen will we see the new circular economy?\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, Hartwig and his team’s new process could lead to a massive reduction in the amount of new plastics produced. Over time, this would reduce the vast amount of fossil fuels used to create new plastics. It would also prevent a lot of plastics from ending up in landfills and a lot of chemical waste—produced by traditional recycling methods—from going into the atmosphere. The method could also substantially reduce existing waste, as this would become a source for valuable new plastics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough, it may be a while before the new method starts operating on an industrial scale. According to Hartwig, “one could envision being able to increase the scale of the reaction by improvements in the catalyst and in the engineering of reactors. [However], the timescale and probability of it becoming commercialized is too hard to predict.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s not to say his team isn’t looking to take their method to the next phase. While Hartwig emphasizes the fact that “large chemical processes do take time to translate to commercial scale,” he is hopeful that his team will get there eventually. “We have applied to funding sources to bridge this gap between discovery and commercialization,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"23:T5c6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The biggest problem is that there are hundreds of different types of these plastics with different lengths of [carbon atom] chains and distribution of lengths of the chains, etc.,” said John Hartwig, professor of chemistry at UC Berkeley who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq7316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enew study\u003c/a\u003e, in an interview with \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Each of these is made for specific purposes, like a yogurt container or the inside of a car door, from the same monomer but with a different chemical architecture to give different properties,” he continued. “When those are mixed and melted and used to reform a new object, it does not have the properties of either the yogurt container or the car door.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-plastic-waste-and-traditional-recycling\"\u003ePlastic waste and traditional recycling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlastic waste is a well-known problem all over the globe. Despite best efforts, it has become uncontrollable. According to a United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/everything-you-need-know-about-plastic-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereport\u003c/a\u003e, approximately 430 million tons of plastic is produced yearly. Almost half of that ends up in a landfill, while 22% is mismanaged and ends up in the natural environment.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"24:T594,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is largely down to the fact the world reached \u003ca href=\"https://www.packaginginsights.com/news/plastic-overshoot-day-annual-global-waste-production-set-to-outpace-management-by-220-million-tons.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePlastic Overshoot Day\u003c/a\u003e on September 5. That is, the day in the year when plastic waste surpasses the capability of waste management systems to handle the massive amounts produced.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem isn’t going away any time soon and we are in dire need of more effective solutions. According to Hartwig and his team, it would be unwise to completely turn our back on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e. Instead, we should make sure we can retain its value throughout the recycling process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Plastics are fantastic materials,” Hartwig told IE. “They are much lighter than glass or metal but can have enough strength. They are more pliable than glass. One would not wrap food to preserve it in glass and ship and store the food in glass, for example. It even uses less energy and water to produce than paper.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The issue with plastic is that it lasts a long time and is difficult to recycle,” he continued. “Paper, glass and aluminum are easier to recycle, although this recycling, particularly of glass, uses a lot of energy.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"25:T4f8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHartwig and his team set out to develop a method that would conserve the original value of virgin plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene, which are widely used for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-pollution-ocean-floor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastic bags\u003c/a\u003e and hard plastic packaging, respectively. They devised a catalytic process that essentially vaporizes these plastics, converting them into hydrocarbon gases. These can then be used to manufacture virgin plastics from scratch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-chemical-recycling\"\u003eChemical recycling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new method solves a key problems of traditional recycling: the diminishing returns related to the quality of plastic produced. Typically, plastics created via recycling won’t be reused for the same plastic packaging and containers found in supermarkets—such as for yogurts, milk cartons, and plastic bags. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn fact, some argue that the word \u0026#8216;recycle\u0026#8217; is a misnomer, and the most widely used process should really be called \u0026#8216;downcycling\u0026#8217;. Bottles and supermarket goods, for example, are often turned into plastic trays and carpeting, and can’t be reused to create the same single-use products.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"26:T46c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Plastics are currently recycled by mechanical recycling,” Hartwig said. “By this method, plastics of a similar type are combined and reprocessed to make something new. However, the properties are deteriorated by mechanical recycling, so the value of the material produced is much lower.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHartwig and his team’s method addresses this problem. If it delivers on the promise, it could finally create a truly circular economy for valuable plastics. The method, called chemical recycling, breaks the chemical bonds in polymer chains to allow for the creation of new virgin plastics. Unlike traditional recycling, the process of plastic creation happens from scratch. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In the best-case scenario, polymer chains are broken to recreate the monomer from which the polymer was made,” Hartwig explained. “In our work, we found a way to cleave carbon-carbon bonds to form a single product that can be used to make new plastics. Thus, one can envision chemically recycling polyethylene and polypropylene to make the monomers from which new plastics with the original properties could be made.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"27:T6d1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Plastics to Building Blocks\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/z39v6l6neGo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-like-deconstructing-a-metal-chain\"\u003eLike deconstructing a metal chain\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo devise their new method, Hartwig and his team built on one of their own studies from 2022. In that paper, they outlined a new process using a catalyst to break long polyethylene (PE) polymers into uniform chunks. The three-carbon molecule propylene chunks created in the process are the building blocks for high-value plastics, such as polypropylene.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs part of their latest research, Hartwig and team demonstrated they could deconstruct the bonds in both polyethylene and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-bioplastic-degrades-faster-than-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolypropylene\u003c/a\u003e to make a single product. Moreover, they could do this using catalysts that are cheap and commercially available. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir process cracks the chain at 320°C and leaves a reactive carbon-carbon double bond. The catalyst then uses that double bond in a reaction with ethylene, which contains two carbon atoms. This attaches one carbon atom to the end to make propylene, containing three carbon atoms, leaving a chain that is once carbon atom shorter.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"28:T1ccc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eScientists unveil tiniest asteroid ever known from Niagara fireball event\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Astronomers have identified asteroid 2022 WJ1 as the smallest asteroid ever characterized, measuring just 16 to 27 inches in diameter.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scientists unveil tiniest asteroid ever known from Niagara fireball event\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Astronomers have identified asteroid 2022 WJ1 as the smallest asteroid ever characterized, measuring just 16 to 27 inches in diameter.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T22:45:09+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T22:45:17+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/8907e6b64d1f6042bf56b2ce5fdfcb57\"},\"headline\":\"Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T22:45:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T22:45:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\"},\"wordCount\":575,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Asteriods\",\"Earth\",\"Meteorite\",\"Scientific Research\",\"Space\",\"taurid fireballs\",\"Telescope\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\",\"name\":\"Scientists unveil tiniest asteroid ever known from Niagara fireball event\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T22:45:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T22:45:17+00:00\",\"description\":\"Astronomers have identified asteroid 2022 WJ1 as the smallest asteroid ever characterized, measuring just 16 to 27 inches in diameter.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Space\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"29:T11e2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn an international study led by Western University and Lowell Observatory, scientists have developed a pioneering approach for studying near-Earth asteroids.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis approach was demonstrated through a November 2022 fireball event that dropped meteorites in the Niagara region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research focuses on Asteroid 2022 WJ1 (WJ1), which fractured upon entering Earth’s atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy comparing Arizona-based telescopic observations with video captured by Western’s Southern Ontario Meteor Network cameras of the fireball on November 19, 2022, the team determined WJ1\u0026#8217;s composition and size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-16-inch-asteroid\"\u003e16-inch asteroid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePublished in The Planetary Science Journal, the study reveals crucial details about WJ1, the smallest asteroid characterized to date. It also establishes a new methodology for studying future impactful space objects.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis marks the first instance where telescope observations and ground camera captures have been combined to study the same astronomical body.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe size of WJ1 was assessed using the 4.3-meter Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) in Arizona. Observations indicated that the surface of WJ1 was rich in silica, suggesting a medium-to-high albedo (reflected light).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAstronomers used this reflected light to estimate its diameter, which ranges between 40 to 60 cm (16 to 27 inches), solidifying its status as the smallest recorded asteroid.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDenis Vida, an adjunct professor in physics and astronomy at Western, noted, “This is only the sixth asteroid discovered before impact.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-tech\"\u003eNew tech\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIntegrating space observation and ground-based camera monitoring confirmed that estimates of WJ1\u0026#8217;s characteristics aligned through distinct methodologies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtilizing Western’s meteor camera network, scientists captured images of the asteroid as it entered the atmosphere above London, Ontario, concluding its descent near St. Catharines, Ontario.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eData modeling from the fireball observations matched estimates from the LDT, resulting in consistent assessments of WJ1’s diameter, composition, and orbital trajectory before impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This is only the second time that an asteroid has been meaningfully characterized with telescopes prior to it impacting the Earth,” stated Teddy Kareta, a postdoctoral associate at Lowell Observatory. He emphasized the collaboration among scientists dedicated to safeguarding Earth from potential impacts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe telescopic and camera data suggest that WJ1 belongs to the S-chondrite category, consisting of stony bodies rich in silica. These objects are some of the oldest in the solar system and are the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-become-earth-temporary-moon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epredominant\u003c/a\u003e type of meteorite to land on Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKareta expressed enthusiasm about the study, stating, “This first-ever comparison between telescopic and fireball camera data is extremely exciting, meaning we’ll characterize the next asteroid to impact the Earth in even greater detail.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-smallest-ever-asteroid\"\u003eSmallest-ever asteroid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers believe that not all fragments of WJ1 burned up while entering the atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough initial searches in the Niagara region have yielded no findings, residents familiar with meteorite identification continue to look for pieces.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePhil McCausland, a Western Earth \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/god-of-chaos-asteroid-predicted-to-shake-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esciences\u003c/a\u003e adjunct professor in the Meteor Physics Group, noted that remnants that fell on land may have blended into the environment over time. However, there is still potential for future discoveries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWJ1 was first identified by the Catalina Sky Survey in Tucson, Arizona, in November 2022. Shortly after, astronomers predicted its impact on Earth within three hours, allowing them to conduct telescopic observations while the asteroid was still in space. This advanced warning facilitated accurate determinations of its entry point over the Great Lakes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestern physics and astronomy professor Paul Wiegert, a co-author of the study, witnessed the fireball’s entry. This event was historic because it was the first time observers were notified in advance to observe a natural fireball.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2a:T534,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-tech\"\u003eNew tech\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIntegrating space observation and ground-based camera monitoring confirmed that estimates of WJ1\u0026#8217;s characteristics aligned through distinct methodologies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtilizing Western’s meteor camera network, scientists captured images of the asteroid as it entered the atmosphere above London, Ontario, concluding its descent near St. Catharines, Ontario.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eData modeling from the fireball observations matched estimates from the LDT, resulting in consistent assessments of WJ1’s diameter, composition, and orbital trajectory before impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This is only the second time that an asteroid has been meaningfully characterized with telescopes prior to it impacting the Earth,” stated Teddy Kareta, a postdoctoral associate at Lowell Observatory. He emphasized the collaboration among scientists dedicated to safeguarding Earth from potential impacts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe telescopic and camera data suggest that WJ1 belongs to the S-chondrite category, consisting of stony bodies rich in silica. These objects are some of the oldest in the solar system and are the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-become-earth-temporary-moon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epredominant\u003c/a\u003e type of meteorite to land on Earth.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2b:T548,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKareta expressed enthusiasm about the study, stating, “This first-ever comparison between telescopic and fireball camera data is extremely exciting, meaning we’ll characterize the next asteroid to impact the Earth in even greater detail.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-smallest-ever-asteroid\"\u003eSmallest-ever asteroid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers believe that not all fragments of WJ1 burned up while entering the atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough initial searches in the Niagara region have yielded no findings, residents familiar with meteorite identification continue to look for pieces.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePhil McCausland, a Western Earth \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/god-of-chaos-asteroid-predicted-to-shake-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esciences\u003c/a\u003e adjunct professor in the Meteor Physics Group, noted that remnants that fell on land may have blended into the environment over time. However, there is still potential for future discoveries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWJ1 was first identified by the Catalina Sky Survey in Tucson, Arizona, in November 2022. Shortly after, astronomers predicted its impact on Earth within three hours, allowing them to conduct telescopic observations while the asteroid was still in space. This advanced warning facilitated accurate determinations of its entry point over the Great Lakes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2c:T1ba5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eA never-ending bulb sheds light on our disposable tech mindset\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about the planned shortening of product lifespans, illustrated by the enduring story of a light bulb that never goes out.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A never-ending bulb sheds light on our disposable tech mindset\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn about the planned shortening of product lifespans, illustrated by the enduring story of a light bulb that never goes out.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T22:07:01+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T22:07:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kaif Shaikh\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kaif Shaikh\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/d2e1ddbaa255c54b9f13b61223f7ed65\"},\"headline\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T22:07:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T22:07:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\"},\"wordCount\":1173,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Culture\",\"light\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Culture\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\",\"name\":\"A never-ending bulb sheds light on our disposable tech mindset\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T22:07:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T22:07:10+00:00\",\"description\":\"Learn about the planned shortening of product lifespans, illustrated by the enduring story of a light bulb that never goes out.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Everlasting Lightbulbs\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/culture\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2d:T327f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eImagine a light bulb that has been burning since 1901. Nestled in a quiet Californian fire station, the Centennial Light challenges today\u0026#8217;s disposable culture, offering a glimpse into a past where products were built to last. This historical anomaly sets the stage for a broader examination of how planned obsolescence has become embedded in the fabric of our consumer electronics industry, from light bulbs to smartphones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we explore the evolution from durable goods to disposable gadgets, we uncover this shift\u0026#8217;s economic and environmental implications and the legislative pushback it\u0026#8217;s now engendering. This narrative takes us from the Centennial Light\u0026#8217;s enduring glow to the heated debates in legislative halls worldwide, advocating for a return to durability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-light-bulb-that-outlasted-a-century\"\u003eThe light bulb that outlasted a century\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA remarkable piece of history illuminates a local fire station in the quiet town of Livermore, California. Known as the Centennial Light, this bulb has been burning for over a century, almost without interruption.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts longevity is so extraordinary that it earned a place in the Guinness Book of World Records. Originally a 60-watt bulb, its carbon filament has gradually dimmed to the equivalent of a 4-watt bulb today due to the natural degradation of its material. The bulb is encased in hand-blown glass, a testament to the craftsmanship of the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png\" alt=\"Centennial Bulb \" class=\"wp-image-122539\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCentennial Bulb located in Fire Station 6 in Livermore, CA \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dscn2286b.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Centennial Light\u0026#8217;s continuous operation, now surpassing a million hours, starkly contrasts with modern light bulbs. Today\u0026#8217;s bulbs predominantly use tungsten filaments, a shift from the carbon filaments of the past. Tungsten, introduced in the early 20th century, has a higher melting point, which allows for brighter and more efficient bulbs.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, despite these advancements, the average modern incandescent bulb does not approach the lifespan of its historic predecessors like the Centennial Light.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-phoebus-cartel-and-planned-obsolescence\"\u003eThe Phoebus Cartel and planned obsolescence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe phenomenon of short-lived light bulbs can be traced back to a pivotal meeting in 1924. In Geneva, Switzerland, executives from the world\u0026#8217;s leading light bulb manufacturers, including Philips, Osram, and General Electric (which had taken over Shelby Electric), convened to address a growing threat to their businesses: bulbs that lasted too long.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis meeting marked the formation of the Phoebus Cartel, named after the Greek god of light. The cartel\u0026#8217;s goal was straightforward but impactful: to ensure that light bulbs would not last more than 1,000 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis strategy, known as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplanned obsolescence\u003c/a\u003e, involved deliberately reducing the lifespan of light bulbs to boost continuous sales. The cartel established standards that artificially limited the durability of bulbs across the global market. Engineers who once sought to extend the lifespan of bulbs were now tasked with finding ways to shorten it, using thinner filaments and altering the bulb design to ensure compliance with the 1,000-hour lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png\" alt=\"Bulb Factory \" class=\"wp-image-122540\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003ePhoto: Siemens Corporate Archives\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe impact of the Phoebus Cartel\u0026#8217;s policies was profound. By limiting bulb life, they increased the frequency of purchases and set a precedent for manufacturing and business practices prioritizing profit over product longevity and consumer value.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the cartel dissolved in the 1930s due to external pressures and the advent of World War II, its legacy of planned obsolescence has persisted, influencing various industries and shaping consumer products to this day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar strategies can be seen in manufacturing appliances with less durable materials, automobiles with inaccessible parts, and batteries designed to degrade over time. Software companies exacerbate this trend by discontinuing support for older versions, forcing costly upgrades. Together, these practices underscore a widespread economic strategy that shapes consumer behavior and impacts environmental sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-leds-changed-the-spectrum-of-lighting\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow LEDs Changed the Spectrum of Lighting\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe revolution of light-emitting diode (LED) technology marks a significant milestone in the history of lighting. Since their invention in 1907, LEDs initially provided low power and were available only in red. However, by the 1990s, technological advancements introduced high-efficiency, multi-color LEDs that began to surpass incandescent bulbs in efficiency, transforming the lighting industry.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis evolution enabled LEDs to emit a wide spectrum of colors and achieve higher luminosity with significantly less energy consumption. The legislative landscape also played a crucial role in the widespread adoption of LED technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn Europe, stringent regulations phased out less efficient halogen and incandescent bulbs, with bans fully enforced by September 1, 2018, for halogen and earlier for incandescent bulbs on September 1, 2011. These regulations accelerated the shift toward more sustainable lighting solutions, paving the way for LED technology to dominate the market.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, LED technology is celebrated for its exceptional efficiency and longevity. Modern LED bulbs can provide up to 50,000 hours of light and boast high Color Rendering Index (CRI) values, typically around CRI98, which indicates superior light quality that closely mimics natural sunlight. These attributes have made LEDs the preferred choice not only for residential and commercial use but also for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/planned-obsolescence-environment\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eenvironmental conservation\u003c/a\u003e efforts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png\" alt=\"LED lights \" class=\"wp-image-122541\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eBright LED screens in outdoor Advertising \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://www.rawpixel.com/image/6111493\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRawpixel \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite these advancements and the legal frameworks supporting them, the specter of planned obsolescence still looms over the LED industry. Unfortunately, some LED light bulbs are designed to be intentionally short-lived to encourage consumers to buy new ones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis practice mirrors broader trends across various industries, including controversial strategies like Apple\u0026#8217;s battery management, which involved throttling the performance of older iPhones to prompt users to upgrade. These are just some examples of the ongoing challenge of balancing technological innovation with sustainable consumer practices in an industry where the potential for technological durability is often compromised to stimulate continuous consumer spending.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eThe legal battle for longer-lasting products\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe push for sustainability and consumer empowerment is crystallizing through global Right to Repair legislation, which affects a broad spectrum of industries, from consumer electronics to medical devices. Notable legislation includes New York\u0026#8217;s 2022 Digital Fair Repair Act and Colorado\u0026#8217;s 2023 Consumer Right To Repair Agricultural Equipment Act, forcing industries to reconsider their design and repair policies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png\" alt=\"Apple's Planned obsolesce \" class=\"wp-image-122542\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eDead 4th Gen iPod \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/swanksalot/842379407\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSeth Anderson/Flickr\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/big-tech-comes-under-fire-over-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCompanies like Apple\u003c/a\u003e have become infamous for their planned obsolescence strategies, often necessitating complete device replacements for issues as minor as a cracked screen. Similarly, manufacturers of gaming consoles, such as Sony and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/microsoft-has-finally-agreed-to-comply-with-the-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMicrosoft\u003c/a\u003e, design their systems to discourage user repairs, requiring costly services only they can provide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis movement extends beyond electronics, with implications for critical medical devices like pacemakers and insulin pumps, where repair restrictions can impact costs and patient outcomes. By mandating manufacturers to provide repair documentation and parts, legislation in places like the UK, France, and India aims to curb these restrictive practices, ensuring that products are both maintainable and sustainable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe choice stands clear and consequential for both policymakers and the public: maintain the status quo of quick obsolescence or push for a marketplace enriched with durable and repairable products. Such a decision will steer market practices and significantly influence our environmental strategies. The Right to Repair acts are crucial, challenging us to rethink technological practices and prioritize environmental integrity over short-term gains.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2e:T441,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we explore the evolution from durable goods to disposable gadgets, we uncover this shift\u0026#8217;s economic and environmental implications and the legislative pushback it\u0026#8217;s now engendering. This narrative takes us from the Centennial Light\u0026#8217;s enduring glow to the heated debates in legislative halls worldwide, advocating for a return to durability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-light-bulb-that-outlasted-a-century\"\u003eThe light bulb that outlasted a century\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA remarkable piece of history illuminates a local fire station in the quiet town of Livermore, California. Known as the Centennial Light, this bulb has been burning for over a century, almost without interruption.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts longevity is so extraordinary that it earned a place in the Guinness Book of World Records. Originally a 60-watt bulb, its carbon filament has gradually dimmed to the equivalent of a 4-watt bulb today due to the natural degradation of its material. The bulb is encased in hand-blown glass, a testament to the craftsmanship of the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2f:T84c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png\" alt=\"Centennial Bulb \" class=\"wp-image-122539\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCentennial Bulb located in Fire Station 6 in Livermore, CA \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dscn2286b.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Centennial Light\u0026#8217;s continuous operation, now surpassing a million hours, starkly contrasts with modern light bulbs. Today\u0026#8217;s bulbs predominantly use tungsten filaments, a shift from the carbon filaments of the past. Tungsten, introduced in the early 20th century, has a higher melting point, which allows for brighter and more efficient bulbs.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, despite these advancements, the average modern incandescent bulb does not approach the lifespan of its historic predecessors like the Centennial Light.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-phoebus-cartel-and-planned-obsolescence\"\u003eThe Phoebus Cartel and planned obsolescence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe phenomenon of short-lived light bulbs can be traced back to a pivotal meeting in 1924. In Geneva, Switzerland, executives from the world\u0026#8217;s leading light bulb manufacturers, including Philips, Osram, and General Electric (which had taken over Shelby Electric), convened to address a growing threat to their businesses: bulbs that lasted too long.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"30:T7bb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis meeting marked the formation of the Phoebus Cartel, named after the Greek god of light. The cartel\u0026#8217;s goal was straightforward but impactful: to ensure that light bulbs would not last more than 1,000 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis strategy, known as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplanned obsolescence\u003c/a\u003e, involved deliberately reducing the lifespan of light bulbs to boost continuous sales. The cartel established standards that artificially limited the durability of bulbs across the global market. Engineers who once sought to extend the lifespan of bulbs were now tasked with finding ways to shorten it, using thinner filaments and altering the bulb design to ensure compliance with the 1,000-hour lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png\" alt=\"Bulb Factory \" class=\"wp-image-122540\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003ePhoto: Siemens Corporate Archives\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe impact of the Phoebus Cartel\u0026#8217;s policies was profound. By limiting bulb life, they increased the frequency of purchases and set a precedent for manufacturing and business practices prioritizing profit over product longevity and consumer value.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"31:T4c9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the cartel dissolved in the 1930s due to external pressures and the advent of World War II, its legacy of planned obsolescence has persisted, influencing various industries and shaping consumer products to this day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar strategies can be seen in manufacturing appliances with less durable materials, automobiles with inaccessible parts, and batteries designed to degrade over time. Software companies exacerbate this trend by discontinuing support for older versions, forcing costly upgrades. Together, these practices underscore a widespread economic strategy that shapes consumer behavior and impacts environmental sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-leds-changed-the-spectrum-of-lighting\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow LEDs Changed the Spectrum of Lighting\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe revolution of light-emitting diode (LED) technology marks a significant milestone in the history of lighting. Since their invention in 1907, LEDs initially provided low power and were available only in red. However, by the 1990s, technological advancements introduced high-efficiency, multi-color LEDs that began to surpass incandescent bulbs in efficiency, transforming the lighting industry.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"32:T489,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis evolution enabled LEDs to emit a wide spectrum of colors and achieve higher luminosity with significantly less energy consumption. The legislative landscape also played a crucial role in the widespread adoption of LED technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn Europe, stringent regulations phased out less efficient halogen and incandescent bulbs, with bans fully enforced by September 1, 2018, for halogen and earlier for incandescent bulbs on September 1, 2011. These regulations accelerated the shift toward more sustainable lighting solutions, paving the way for LED technology to dominate the market.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, LED technology is celebrated for its exceptional efficiency and longevity. Modern LED bulbs can provide up to 50,000 hours of light and boast high Color Rendering Index (CRI) values, typically around CRI98, which indicates superior light quality that closely mimics natural sunlight. These attributes have made LEDs the preferred choice not only for residential and commercial use but also for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/planned-obsolescence-environment\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eenvironmental conservation\u003c/a\u003e efforts.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"33:T90d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png\" alt=\"LED lights \" class=\"wp-image-122541\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eBright LED screens in outdoor Advertising \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://www.rawpixel.com/image/6111493\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRawpixel \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite these advancements and the legal frameworks supporting them, the specter of planned obsolescence still looms over the LED industry. Unfortunately, some LED light bulbs are designed to be intentionally short-lived to encourage consumers to buy new ones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis practice mirrors broader trends across various industries, including controversial strategies like Apple\u0026#8217;s battery management, which involved throttling the performance of older iPhones to prompt users to upgrade. These are just some examples of the ongoing challenge of balancing technological innovation with sustainable consumer practices in an industry where the potential for technological durability is often compromised to stimulate continuous consumer spending.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eThe legal battle for longer-lasting products\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe push for sustainability and consumer empowerment is crystallizing through global Right to Repair legislation, which affects a broad spectrum of industries, from consumer electronics to medical devices. Notable legislation includes New York\u0026#8217;s 2022 Digital Fair Repair Act and Colorado\u0026#8217;s 2023 Consumer Right To Repair Agricultural Equipment Act, forcing industries to reconsider their design and repair policies.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"34:Ta1c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png\" alt=\"Apple's Planned obsolesce \" class=\"wp-image-122542\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eDead 4th Gen iPod \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/swanksalot/842379407\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSeth Anderson/Flickr\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/big-tech-comes-under-fire-over-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCompanies like Apple\u003c/a\u003e have become infamous for their planned obsolescence strategies, often necessitating complete device replacements for issues as minor as a cracked screen. Similarly, manufacturers of gaming consoles, such as Sony and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/microsoft-has-finally-agreed-to-comply-with-the-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMicrosoft\u003c/a\u003e, design their systems to discourage user repairs, requiring costly services only they can provide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis movement extends beyond electronics, with implications for critical medical devices like pacemakers and insulin pumps, where repair restrictions can impact costs and patient outcomes. By mandating manufacturers to provide repair documentation and parts, legislation in places like the UK, France, and India aims to curb these restrictive practices, ensuring that products are both maintainable and sustainable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe choice stands clear and consequential for both policymakers and the public: maintain the status quo of quick obsolescence or push for a marketplace enriched with durable and repairable products. Such a decision will steer market practices and significantly influence our environmental strategies. The Right to Repair acts are crucial, challenging us to rethink technological practices and prioritize environmental integrity over short-term gains.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"35:T1ceb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eGE Aerospace unveils 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"GE Aerospace has demonstrated a 1-megawatt hybrid electric propulsion system under the $5.1M ARC-STEP contract with the US Army.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GE Aerospace unveils 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"GE Aerospace has demonstrated a 1-megawatt hybrid electric propulsion system under the $5.1M ARC-STEP contract with the US Army.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T20:34:22+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T20:34:29+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/8907e6b64d1f6042bf56b2ce5fdfcb57\"},\"headline\":\"GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T20:34:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T20:34:29+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\"},\"wordCount\":580,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"Electric\",\"engine\",\"Hrdrogen-Electric Propulsion\",\"Hybrid\",\"jet propulsion\",\"US Army\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Military\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\",\"name\":\"GE Aerospace unveils 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T20:34:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T20:34:29+00:00\",\"description\":\"GE Aerospace has demonstrated a 1-megawatt hybrid electric propulsion system under the $5.1M ARC-STEP contract with the US Army.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Military\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"36:T1266,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eGE Aerospace has successfully demonstrated a one-megawatt hybrid electric propulsion system as part of a $5.1 million research and development contract with the US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Army Research Laboratory (ARL).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the Applied Research Collaborative Systematic Turboshaft Electrification Project (ARC-STEP) contract, GE Aerospace researched, developed, tested, and evaluated a megawatt (MW) class electrified power plant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis work aimed to identify and enhance technologies applicable to future Army air vehicle propulsion systems and military electrified ground vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“GE Aerospace has a nearly 50-year legacy as the powerplant for Army Aviation from the proven T700 engine to the new revolutionary T901 engine,” said John Martin, Director of Turboshaft Advanced Programs at GE Aerospace.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“ARC-STEP builds on that legacy and refines technologies along a path for hybrid electric propulsion for both the US Army and the world.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hybrid-electric-propulsion-system\"\u003eHybrid electric propulsion system\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe successful demonstration featured a CT7 turboshaft engine paired with an electric machine and power electronics produced by GE Aerospace.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the testing conducted at the GE Aerospace Research Center in Niskayuna, New York, experts from both the US Army and GE Aerospace collaborated to investigate and integrate technologies that enable the development of lightweight, efficient, reliable, and safe hybrid-electric propulsion systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe effects of hybrid electric propulsion on the efficiency and effectiveness of different platform types were also analyzed during the demonstration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It’s exciting to see the successful demonstration of ARC-STEP, which has enhanced our understanding of the potential for MW-class series hybrid systems to power future Army air and ground vehicles,” Dr. Mike Kweon, program manager of DEVCOM ARL’s Versatile Tactical Power and Propulsion Essential Research Program (VICTOR ERP), said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Often, power and propulsion systems are significant bottlenecks in advancing transformational capabilities. I look forward to seeing how ARC-STEP will shape the direction of power systems for the Army’s future air and ground vehicles.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe efforts associated with this Army contract support GE Aerospace\u0026#8217;s work in hybrid electric propulsion. This \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/cryogenic-hydrogen-electric-propulsion-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eincludes\u003c/a\u003e the Hybrid Electric Experiment (HEX) program in collaboration with Sikorsky and the NASA Electric Powertrain Flight Demonstration (EPFD) project.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal is to develop a megawatt-class integrated hybrid electric powertrain and demonstrate its flight readiness for single-aisle aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eARC-STEP, HEX, and EPFD are helping GE Aerospace continue building extensive experience with hybrid electric systems and power generation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ct7-turboshaft-engine\"\u003eCT7 turboshaft engine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGE Aerospace has highlighted the operational versatility of its CT7 family of turboshaft and turboprop engines, which are utilized globally in various aviation environments.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company notes that the CT7-2 engine, offering 2,000 shaft horsepower, is recognized for its durability, fuel efficiency, and adaptability. It serves helicopters in multiple roles, including executive transport, firefighting, and rescue missions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the CT7-8 engine family, with shaft horsepower ranging from 2,500 to 3,000, is tailored to meet the rigorous \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/blackbird-evtol-cyclorotor-propulsion-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edemands\u003c/a\u003e of modern medium-lift helicopters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis engine suits executive transport, search and rescue, passenger transport, and the oil and gas sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe efforts associated with this Army contract support GE Aerospace\u0026#8217;s work in hybrid electric propulsion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis includes the Hybrid Electric Experiment (HEX) program in collaboration with Sikorsky and the NASA Electric Powertrain Flight Demonstration (EPFD) project.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal is to develop a megawatt-class integrated hybrid electric powertrain and demonstrate its flight readiness for single-aisle aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo date, GE Aerospace has delivered over 1,500 CT7 engines, collectively accumulating 30 million flight hours, underscoring their reliability and performance in the field.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"37:T470,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis work aimed to identify and enhance technologies applicable to future Army air vehicle propulsion systems and military electrified ground vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“GE Aerospace has a nearly 50-year legacy as the powerplant for Army Aviation from the proven T700 engine to the new revolutionary T901 engine,” said John Martin, Director of Turboshaft Advanced Programs at GE Aerospace.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“ARC-STEP builds on that legacy and refines technologies along a path for hybrid electric propulsion for both the US Army and the world.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hybrid-electric-propulsion-system\"\u003eHybrid electric propulsion system\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe successful demonstration featured a CT7 turboshaft engine paired with an electric machine and power electronics produced by GE Aerospace.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the testing conducted at the GE Aerospace Research Center in Niskayuna, New York, experts from both the US Army and GE Aerospace collaborated to investigate and integrate technologies that enable the development of lightweight, efficient, reliable, and safe hybrid-electric propulsion systems.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"38:T4a6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe effects of hybrid electric propulsion on the efficiency and effectiveness of different platform types were also analyzed during the demonstration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It’s exciting to see the successful demonstration of ARC-STEP, which has enhanced our understanding of the potential for MW-class series hybrid systems to power future Army air and ground vehicles,” Dr. Mike Kweon, program manager of DEVCOM ARL’s Versatile Tactical Power and Propulsion Essential Research Program (VICTOR ERP), said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Often, power and propulsion systems are significant bottlenecks in advancing transformational capabilities. I look forward to seeing how ARC-STEP will shape the direction of power systems for the Army’s future air and ground vehicles.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe efforts associated with this Army contract support GE Aerospace\u0026#8217;s work in hybrid electric propulsion. This \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/cryogenic-hydrogen-electric-propulsion-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eincludes\u003c/a\u003e the Hybrid Electric Experiment (HEX) program in collaboration with Sikorsky and the NASA Electric Powertrain Flight Demonstration (EPFD) project.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"39:T487,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal is to develop a megawatt-class integrated hybrid electric powertrain and demonstrate its flight readiness for single-aisle aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eARC-STEP, HEX, and EPFD are helping GE Aerospace continue building extensive experience with hybrid electric systems and power generation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ct7-turboshaft-engine\"\u003eCT7 turboshaft engine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGE Aerospace has highlighted the operational versatility of its CT7 family of turboshaft and turboprop engines, which are utilized globally in various aviation environments.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company notes that the CT7-2 engine, offering 2,000 shaft horsepower, is recognized for its durability, fuel efficiency, and adaptability. It serves helicopters in multiple roles, including executive transport, firefighting, and rescue missions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the CT7-8 engine family, with shaft horsepower ranging from 2,500 to 3,000, is tailored to meet the rigorous \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/blackbird-evtol-cyclorotor-propulsion-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edemands\u003c/a\u003e of modern medium-lift helicopters. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3a:T1de8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSupersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#039;s vision for supersonic flight\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the journey of Boom Supersonic in developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#039;s vision for supersonic flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover the journey of Boom Supersonic in developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:34:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:34:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"766\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"566\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/2ff174fd7fd3b4725a23fe8d5339342f\"},\"headline\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T19:34:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T19:34:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\"},\"wordCount\":1083,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\",\"caption\":\"Blake Scholl.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Lexicon\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\",\"Transportation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\",\"name\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom's vision for supersonic flight\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T19:34:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T19:34:54+00:00\",\"description\":\"Discover the journey of Boom Supersonic in developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\",\"width\":766,\"height\":566,\"caption\":\"Blake Scholl.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3b:T2410,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn our latest \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/podcast/lexicon/xb-1-and-overture-breaking-barriers-in-air-travel-innovation\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLexicon episode\u003c/a\u003e, we sat down with \u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/blake-scholl\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBlake Scholl\u003c/a\u003e, founder and CEO of Boom Supersonic (Boom), and \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/nick-sheryka\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNick Sheryka\u003c/a\u003e, XB-1 Chief Flight Test Engineer at Boom. We discussed Boom’s journey into developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde, from its XB-1 demonstrator to its planned Overture airliner.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe title=\"Spotify Embed: XB-1 and Overture: breaking barriers in air travel innovation\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4GIwPt0bJZUbWlU9Wk5aFu?si=jXTXNnyuSVCoPr2MNseWtw\u0026#038;utm_source=oembed\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlso, check out our latest merch at \u003ca href=\"https://shop.interestingengineering.com/en-gbp/\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInteresting Engineering Shop\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-building-on-concorde-s-legacy\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding on Concorde’s legacy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny discussion on supersonic flight, like this one, inevitably has to start with the legacy left behind by the groundbreaking engineering behind the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eConcorde\u003c/a\u003e. That aircraft still has a long shadow, one that Blake openly acknowledged. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Concorde was a marvelous technical accomplishment, but it was unaffordable to passengers. A $20,000 ticket for 100 uncomfortable seats just didn’t work with the 1960s and 1970s travel demand,” he told us.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut much has changed since the days of Concorde.“We’ve had massive growth in international travel, and technology has improved dramatically,” Scholl added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs he explained, things like carbon fiber composites, advanced engine design, and digital aerodynamics have paved the way for a new generation of supersonic aircraft. “Today, we can achieve supersonic flight for about the same price as a business-class ticket,” Scholls explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boom-s-testbed-for-the-future-the-xb-1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoom’s testbed for the future: the XB-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1, affectionately nicknamed \u0026#8220;Baby Boom,\u0026#8221; is a single-seat test aircraft that serves as the precursor to the Overture airliner. Nick Sheryka, Boom’s Chief Flight Test Engineer, explained the rationale behind its design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The XB-1 was originally envisioned as a one-third scale demonstration of the airliner. It’s a stepping stone to prove our capabilities and learn where the pain points are,” he told IE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike Concorde, which relied on bespoke designs and untested concepts, Boom has leaned on proven technologies.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We didn’t invent anything new,” Blake said. “We’re using carbon fiber composites from the Boeing 787, digital stability systems used in other aircraft, and computationally optimized aerodynamics,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake explained that this pragmatic approach enables Boom to “bring these technologies together to create a supersonic jet that’s efficient, safe, and affordable.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-necessity-is-the-mother-of-all-invention\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNecessity is the mother of all invention\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1 has also taught Boom invaluable lessons about supersonic design. According to Blake, one of the most surprising insights was about low-speed performance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The hardest part of building a supersonic jet isn’t the high-speed flight—it’s the low-speed part,” he explains. The narrow wings required for supersonic efficiency make stable takeoffs and landings challenging. To address this, Boom introduced “digital stability augmentation and subtle but critical changes to the nose and wing design,” Blake said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese lessons are directly shaping the \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOverture\u003c/a\u003e. “For example, by reducing Overture’s top speed from Mach 2.2 to 1.7, we’ve made the wing much wider, which greatly improves low-speed stability,” Blake explained. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It adds 15 minutes to a transatlantic flight but makes the aircraft significantly more practical,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overture-supersonic-for-the-masses\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverture: Supersonic for the masses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the XB-1 serves as a testbed, the Overture is Boom’s vision for the future of commercial air travel. Designed for 64 passengers, it prioritizes comfort and efficiency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We essentially took the business-class cabin from a widebody jet, chopped it off, and made it go fast,” Blake told us. To this end, the goal is to deliver a seamless experience that combines speed and affordability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick elaborates on the economic potential: “Right now, tens of millions of people fly business class across the Atlantic. For the same price—or less—we’re offering twice the speed and the ability to sleep in a real bed at your destination. That’s a game-changer.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-noise-and-sustainability-challenges\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOvercoming noise and sustainability challenges\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest challenges with supersonic jets, especially Concorde, has been criticism for their environmental impact, particularly noise pollution. However, Overture (and her successors) are being specifically designed to overcome, even excel, in these areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our engines are custom-built turbofans optimized for quiet operation. They don’t have afterburners, which reduces noise by 20%,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Boom\u0026#8217;s aircraft will be compatible with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). “Overture can run on up to 100% SAF, compared to today’s planes, which max out at 50-50,” Blake highlights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom has also worked closely with agencies like the FAA on the regulatory front. “We invited them in early, showed them everything, and asked for their feedback. The result? What could take 90 days took 90 minutes,” Blake told IE.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis collaborative approach led to Boom receiving the first-ever permit for a civilian aircraft to fly supersonic over land during test flights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-the-future-has-in-store\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat the future has in store\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Boom, the Overture is just the beginning. Blake envisions a future where supersonic travel becomes routine and accessible to more people.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Imagine families connecting across oceans or kids growing up with friends on other continents,” he says. “This isn’t just about speed—it’s about creating deeper human connections,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick adds that the industry must continue to innovate. “We need to iterate. Overture 1 is just the start. Overture 2 and 3 will push the envelope further, delivering greater speed, efficiency, and accessibility,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe also highlights the importance of revisiting outdated regulations, such as the U.S. ban on supersonic flights over land. “With advancements in low-boom technology, it’s time to rethink these restrictions,” he argues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-the-impossible-possible\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaking the impossible possible\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe journey to revive supersonic travel has been anything but easy, but both Blake and Nick are optimistic. “Supersonic airline travel is inevitable,” Nick says. “It’s just a matter of hard work, and we’re heads down accomplishing that right now,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake agrees, reflecting on the broader implications of their work. “Flying used to be this magical experience—looking down at the world from a vantage point no bird could achieve. We want to bring back that sense of wonder and make it faster, greener, and better for everyone,” he said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom Supersonic is poised to transform the future of air travel, combining cutting-edge technology, environmental responsibility, and a focus on human connection. With the XB-1 paving the way and the Overture poised to take flight, the dream of supersonic passenger travel is no longer a distant vision—it’s a fast-approaching reality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs Blake puts it, “The most important thing here isn’t breaking the sound barrier—it’s breaking the time barrier. When we do that, we unlock a whole new world of possibilities.”\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3c:T7b5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn our latest \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/podcast/lexicon/xb-1-and-overture-breaking-barriers-in-air-travel-innovation\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLexicon episode\u003c/a\u003e, we sat down with \u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/blake-scholl\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBlake Scholl\u003c/a\u003e, founder and CEO of Boom Supersonic (Boom), and \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/nick-sheryka\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNick Sheryka\u003c/a\u003e, XB-1 Chief Flight Test Engineer at Boom. We discussed Boom’s journey into developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde, from its XB-1 demonstrator to its planned Overture airliner.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe title=\"Spotify Embed: XB-1 and Overture: breaking barriers in air travel innovation\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4GIwPt0bJZUbWlU9Wk5aFu?si=jXTXNnyuSVCoPr2MNseWtw\u0026#038;utm_source=oembed\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlso, check out our latest merch at \u003ca href=\"https://shop.interestingengineering.com/en-gbp/\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInteresting Engineering Shop\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-building-on-concorde-s-legacy\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding on Concorde’s legacy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny discussion on supersonic flight, like this one, inevitably has to start with the legacy left behind by the groundbreaking engineering behind the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eConcorde\u003c/a\u003e. That aircraft still has a long shadow, one that Blake openly acknowledged. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3d:T43f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Concorde was a marvelous technical accomplishment, but it was unaffordable to passengers. A $20,000 ticket for 100 uncomfortable seats just didn’t work with the 1960s and 1970s travel demand,” he told us.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut much has changed since the days of Concorde.“We’ve had massive growth in international travel, and technology has improved dramatically,” Scholl added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs he explained, things like carbon fiber composites, advanced engine design, and digital aerodynamics have paved the way for a new generation of supersonic aircraft. “Today, we can achieve supersonic flight for about the same price as a business-class ticket,” Scholls explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boom-s-testbed-for-the-future-the-xb-1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoom’s testbed for the future: the XB-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1, affectionately nicknamed \u0026#8220;Baby Boom,\u0026#8221; is a single-seat test aircraft that serves as the precursor to the Overture airliner. Nick Sheryka, Boom’s Chief Flight Test Engineer, explained the rationale behind its design.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3e:T426,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The XB-1 was originally envisioned as a one-third scale demonstration of the airliner. It’s a stepping stone to prove our capabilities and learn where the pain points are,” he told IE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike Concorde, which relied on bespoke designs and untested concepts, Boom has leaned on proven technologies.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We didn’t invent anything new,” Blake said. “We’re using carbon fiber composites from the Boeing 787, digital stability systems used in other aircraft, and computationally optimized aerodynamics,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake explained that this pragmatic approach enables Boom to “bring these technologies together to create a supersonic jet that’s efficient, safe, and affordable.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-necessity-is-the-mother-of-all-invention\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNecessity is the mother of all invention\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1 has also taught Boom invaluable lessons about supersonic design. According to Blake, one of the most surprising insights was about low-speed performance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3f:T486,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The hardest part of building a supersonic jet isn’t the high-speed flight—it’s the low-speed part,” he explains. The narrow wings required for supersonic efficiency make stable takeoffs and landings challenging. To address this, Boom introduced “digital stability augmentation and subtle but critical changes to the nose and wing design,” Blake said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese lessons are directly shaping the \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOverture\u003c/a\u003e. “For example, by reducing Overture’s top speed from Mach 2.2 to 1.7, we’ve made the wing much wider, which greatly improves low-speed stability,” Blake explained. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It adds 15 minutes to a transatlantic flight but makes the aircraft significantly more practical,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overture-supersonic-for-the-masses\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverture: Supersonic for the masses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the XB-1 serves as a testbed, the Overture is Boom’s vision for the future of commercial air travel. Designed for 64 passengers, it prioritizes comfort and efficiency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"40:T454,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We essentially took the business-class cabin from a widebody jet, chopped it off, and made it go fast,” Blake told us. To this end, the goal is to deliver a seamless experience that combines speed and affordability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick elaborates on the economic potential: “Right now, tens of millions of people fly business class across the Atlantic. For the same price—or less—we’re offering twice the speed and the ability to sleep in a real bed at your destination. That’s a game-changer.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-noise-and-sustainability-challenges\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOvercoming noise and sustainability challenges\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest challenges with supersonic jets, especially Concorde, has been criticism for their environmental impact, particularly noise pollution. However, Overture (and her successors) are being specifically designed to overcome, even excel, in these areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our engines are custom-built turbofans optimized for quiet operation. They don’t have afterburners, which reduces noise by 20%,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"41:T457,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Boom\u0026#8217;s aircraft will be compatible with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). “Overture can run on up to 100% SAF, compared to today’s planes, which max out at 50-50,” Blake highlights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom has also worked closely with agencies like the FAA on the regulatory front. “We invited them in early, showed them everything, and asked for their feedback. The result? What could take 90 days took 90 minutes,” Blake told IE.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis collaborative approach led to Boom receiving the first-ever permit for a civilian aircraft to fly supersonic over land during test flights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-the-future-has-in-store\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat the future has in store\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Boom, the Overture is just the beginning. Blake envisions a future where supersonic travel becomes routine and accessible to more people.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Imagine families connecting across oceans or kids growing up with friends on other continents,” he says. “This isn’t just about speed—it’s about creating deeper human connections,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"42:T4a0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick adds that the industry must continue to innovate. “We need to iterate. Overture 1 is just the start. Overture 2 and 3 will push the envelope further, delivering greater speed, efficiency, and accessibility,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe also highlights the importance of revisiting outdated regulations, such as the U.S. ban on supersonic flights over land. “With advancements in low-boom technology, it’s time to rethink these restrictions,” he argues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-the-impossible-possible\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaking the impossible possible\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe journey to revive supersonic travel has been anything but easy, but both Blake and Nick are optimistic. “Supersonic airline travel is inevitable,” Nick says. “It’s just a matter of hard work, and we’re heads down accomplishing that right now,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake agrees, reflecting on the broader implications of their work. “Flying used to be this magical experience—looking down at the world from a vantage point no bird could achieve. We want to bring back that sense of wonder and make it faster, greener, and better for everyone,” he said.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"43:T20fc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e90% efficient: World’s first underwater boron ramjet tested in China\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Developed by Chinese scientists for hypersonic weapons, the novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests and can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through air and water.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"90% efficient: World’s first underwater boron ramjet tested in China\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Developed by Chinese scientists for hypersonic weapons, the novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests and can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through air and water.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:30:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:37:02+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T19:30:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T19:37:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\"},\"wordCount\":470,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png\",\"caption\":\"Ramjet engine\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png\",\"keywords\":[\"boron ramjet\",\"China boron\",\"China ramjet\",\"engine\",\"Hypersonic\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Military\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\",\"name\":\"90% efficient: World’s first underwater boron ramjet tested in China\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T19:30:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T19:37:02+00:00\",\"description\":\"Developed by Chinese scientists for hypersonic weapons, the novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests and can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through air and water.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Ramjet engine\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Military\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"44:T11cd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChina has tested a powerful engine that can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through both air and water. The novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests, which were conducted in submarine mode, and met the desired requirements for practical use.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped for hypersonic weapons, the engine inhales air and water as oxidizing agents depending upon the medium, where it\u0026#8217;s being used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe engine, which is claimed to be the first of its kind, is powered by boron. The critical element is used in scramjet engines, which are supersonic combustion ramjet engines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boron-s-use-in-new-engine\"\u003eBoron\u0026#8217;s use in new engine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoron\u0026#8217;s use increases the speed of the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-diesel-engine-thermal-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emissile\u003c/a\u003e to nearly Mach 5 as it burns intensely after encountering oxygen in the air.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHowever, igniting the boron in water was challenging for the Chinese scientists. Therefore, the research team implemented a new \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/rats-enjoy-driving-tiny-cars-not-just-treats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign\u003c/a\u003e that gave the solid fuel another chance to burn and enhance the engine\u0026#8217;s efficiency.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey also optimised the injection volume of water vapour into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/hydrogen-jet-engine-design-eth-zurich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecombustion\u003c/a\u003e chamber and the ratio of other ingredients in the fuel, such as magnesium and aluminium. These active metals enable boron to burn more thoroughly in vapour. The scientists conducted the tests in a ground laboratory that simulates the underwater environment, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287475/pla-fires-worlds-first-underwater-boron-ramjet-unstoppable-anti-ship-missiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-engine-was-stable\"\u003eEngine was stable\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProfessor Huang Liya, who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381867897_Experimental_investigation_on_detonation_characteristics_of_boron-rich_gelled_propellant_in_static_premixed_combustible_gases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eproject team\u003c/a\u003e, stated that there was a bright yellow, elongated tail flame near the outlet of the engine’s nozzle.\u003cbr\u003eLiya highlighted that during the test, the engine was stable as the flame and the pressure in the afterburner remained unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eData collected by sensors showed that the engine’s exhaust jet velocity exceeded Mach 3, with a combustion efficiency of 87 per cent. When the proportion of boron fuel was increased in the fuel formula, its specific impulse reached 4,712 newton-seconds per kilogram, which is one-third more efficient than SpaceX’s latest Raptor rocket engine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287475/pla-fires-worlds-first-underwater-boron-ramjet-unstoppable-anti-ship-missiles?module=perpetual_scroll_0\u0026amp;pgtype=article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eaccording to\u003c/a\u003e SCMP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-high-energy-metalloid\"\u003eHigh-energy metalloid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe high-energy metalloid, boron, has been recognized by multiple researchers as a potential secondary energy source for liquid hydrocarbon fuel to power volume-limited propulsion devices such as ramjet and scramjet. The higher volumetric and gravimetric energetic content makes boron a more suitable candidate than other energetic particles\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVarious studies have been conducted previously to review recent advancements and challenges in adopting boron-loaded gel fuel for practical ramjet and scramjet propulsion devices.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven though \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667134423000421\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eboron\u003c/a\u003e is a potential source for improving the energy density of liquid fuel, it was not widely used in practical propulsive devices till last year primarily because the native oxide layer present in the boron inhibits ignition and combustion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, some researchers reported that the boron particles were fully burnt in the two-stage combustion, suggesting that the two-stage combustion of boron particles can be achieved by ramjet and scramjet.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"45:T65d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe engine, which is claimed to be the first of its kind, is powered by boron. The critical element is used in scramjet engines, which are supersonic combustion ramjet engines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boron-s-use-in-new-engine\"\u003eBoron\u0026#8217;s use in new engine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoron\u0026#8217;s use increases the speed of the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-diesel-engine-thermal-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emissile\u003c/a\u003e to nearly Mach 5 as it burns intensely after encountering oxygen in the air.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHowever, igniting the boron in water was challenging for the Chinese scientists. Therefore, the research team implemented a new \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/rats-enjoy-driving-tiny-cars-not-just-treats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign\u003c/a\u003e that gave the solid fuel another chance to burn and enhance the engine\u0026#8217;s efficiency.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey also optimised the injection volume of water vapour into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/hydrogen-jet-engine-design-eth-zurich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecombustion\u003c/a\u003e chamber and the ratio of other ingredients in the fuel, such as magnesium and aluminium. These active metals enable boron to burn more thoroughly in vapour. The scientists conducted the tests in a ground laboratory that simulates the underwater environment, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287475/pla-fires-worlds-first-underwater-boron-ramjet-unstoppable-anti-ship-missiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"46:T69e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-engine-was-stable\"\u003eEngine was stable\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProfessor Huang Liya, who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381867897_Experimental_investigation_on_detonation_characteristics_of_boron-rich_gelled_propellant_in_static_premixed_combustible_gases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eproject team\u003c/a\u003e, stated that there was a bright yellow, elongated tail flame near the outlet of the engine’s nozzle.\u003cbr\u003eLiya highlighted that during the test, the engine was stable as the flame and the pressure in the afterburner remained unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eData collected by sensors showed that the engine’s exhaust jet velocity exceeded Mach 3, with a combustion efficiency of 87 per cent. When the proportion of boron fuel was increased in the fuel formula, its specific impulse reached 4,712 newton-seconds per kilogram, which is one-third more efficient than SpaceX’s latest Raptor rocket engine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287475/pla-fires-worlds-first-underwater-boron-ramjet-unstoppable-anti-ship-missiles?module=perpetual_scroll_0\u0026amp;pgtype=article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eaccording to\u003c/a\u003e SCMP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-high-energy-metalloid\"\u003eHigh-energy metalloid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe high-energy metalloid, boron, has been recognized by multiple researchers as a potential secondary energy source for liquid hydrocarbon fuel to power volume-limited propulsion devices such as ramjet and scramjet. The higher volumetric and gravimetric energetic content makes boron a more suitable candidate than other energetic particles\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"47:T1cc8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS submarines re-adopt sea-launched nukes after 32-year absence\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The US Navy is reviving nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles with a new SLCM-N initiative for its Virginia-class submarines.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US submarines re-adopt sea-launched nukes after 32-year absence\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The US Navy is reviving nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles with a new SLCM-N initiative for its Virginia-class submarines.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:46:13+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:46:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/8907e6b64d1f6042bf56b2ce5fdfcb57\"},\"headline\":\"US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T18:46:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T18:46:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\"},\"wordCount\":601,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"Missile\",\"Nuclear\",\"Nuclear missiles\",\"nuclear submarines\",\"Submarines\",\"US Navy\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Military\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\",\"name\":\"US submarines re-adopt sea-launched nukes after 32-year absence\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T18:46:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T18:46:19+00:00\",\"description\":\"The US Navy is reviving nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles with a new SLCM-N initiative for its Virginia-class submarines.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Military\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"48:T12c5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn a surprising development, the US Navy has released a Request for Information (RFI) regarding the development of a Nuclear-Armed Sea-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM-N).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe initiative aims to establish a modular and resilient cruise missile system that delivers a proportional response while ensuring essential adversary targets remain vulnerable.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal is to deploy an operational system by fiscal year 2034, with prototype tests anticipated within the next three years.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sea-launched-nuclear-cruise-missile\"\u003eSea-launched nuclear cruise missile\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N will be launched from Virginia-class attack submarines and is centered around an \u0026#8220;All Up Round\u0026#8221; (AUR) concept.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis includes an expendable booster, a nuclear-capable cruise missile, and a launch canister, allowing underwater launches from Virginia Payload Tubes (VPT) or Virginia Payload Modules (VPM).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the Navy seeks missiles that are “as modular as possible,” incorporating both software and hardware, to ensure that modifications to the missile\u0026#8217;s body or shared tactical systems don’t necessitate changes to the warhead payload interfaces or avionics related to the nuclear mission.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The open system approach is being adopted to facilitate future technical upgrades or technology enhancements as needed throughout the SLCM-N program\u0026#8217;s lifespan,” the Navy\u0026#8217;s request indicates.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States originally introduced nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles during the mid-1980s with the deployment of the TLAM-N, a nuclear variant of the Tomahawk Land-Attack Missile.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese missiles, which had a range of about 2,500 kilometers (approximately 1,550 miles), were positioned on both surface vessels and attack submarines.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-after-3-decades\"\u003eAfter 3 decades\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1991, President George H.W. Bush declared the withdrawal of all sea-based tactical nuclear weapons, resulting in the removal of TLAM-N missiles by the middle of 1992.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Navy kept the option to redeploy them on attack submarines if necessary. However, in 2010, the Obama Administration recommended decommissioning the TLAM-N system, considering it redundant in light of other available nuclear capabilities. This retirement was finalized in 2013.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 2018 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/usaf-stand-in-attack-missile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eunder\u003c/a\u003e the Trump Administration advocated for the development of a novel nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missile, now referred to as SLCM-N. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis initiative aimed to provide a \u0026#8220;non-strategic regional presence\u0026#8221; and fulfill the need for \u0026#8220;flexible and low-yield options\u0026#8221; within the US nuclear arsenal.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N was designed to enhance deterrence against regional threats and reassure US allies.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-allocation-of-funds\"\u003eAllocation of funds\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its Fiscal Year 2022 budget proposal, the Biden Administration allocated funding for the research and development of the SLCM-N.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNonetheless, the 2022 NPR suggested discontinuing the program, indicating that current capabilities were adequate to meet deterrent requirements.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite this, Congress continued to fund the SLCM-N and its associated warhead. The Fiscal Year 2024 National Defense Authorization Act required the executive branch to ensure the SLCM-N\u0026#8217;s initial \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-6th-gen-fighter-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoperational\u003c/a\u003e capability. Following this, the Administration has begun to take steps to implement the program. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSupporters of the SLCM-N contend that it provides a flexible and survivable nuclear option capable of deployment in various regions without needing to station nuclear assets on allied territories.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N would fulfill a critical role as a sea-based nuclear deterrent below the strategic level on the nuclear escalation ladder, emphasizing that the commander-in-chief should have access to such options.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar to its predecessor, the Navy\u0026#8217;s discontinued TLAM-N, the SLCM-N is envisioned as a lower-yield nuclear weapon launched from submarines that would add a new dimension to the maritime segment of the nuclear triad, allowing the United States to respond proportionately to a limited nuclear attack by an adversary.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"49:T418,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sea-launched-nuclear-cruise-missile\"\u003eSea-launched nuclear cruise missile\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N will be launched from Virginia-class attack submarines and is centered around an \u0026#8220;All Up Round\u0026#8221; (AUR) concept.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis includes an expendable booster, a nuclear-capable cruise missile, and a launch canister, allowing underwater launches from Virginia Payload Tubes (VPT) or Virginia Payload Modules (VPM).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the Navy seeks missiles that are “as modular as possible,” incorporating both software and hardware, to ensure that modifications to the missile\u0026#8217;s body or shared tactical systems don’t necessitate changes to the warhead payload interfaces or avionics related to the nuclear mission.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The open system approach is being adopted to facilitate future technical upgrades or technology enhancements as needed throughout the SLCM-N program\u0026#8217;s lifespan,” the Navy\u0026#8217;s request indicates.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4a:T4fb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States originally introduced nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles during the mid-1980s with the deployment of the TLAM-N, a nuclear variant of the Tomahawk Land-Attack Missile.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese missiles, which had a range of about 2,500 kilometers (approximately 1,550 miles), were positioned on both surface vessels and attack submarines.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-after-3-decades\"\u003eAfter 3 decades\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1991, President George H.W. Bush declared the withdrawal of all sea-based tactical nuclear weapons, resulting in the removal of TLAM-N missiles by the middle of 1992.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Navy kept the option to redeploy them on attack submarines if necessary. However, in 2010, the Obama Administration recommended decommissioning the TLAM-N system, considering it redundant in light of other available nuclear capabilities. This retirement was finalized in 2013.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 2018 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/usaf-stand-in-attack-missile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eunder\u003c/a\u003e the Trump Administration advocated for the development of a novel nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missile, now referred to as SLCM-N. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4b:T486,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis initiative aimed to provide a \u0026#8220;non-strategic regional presence\u0026#8221; and fulfill the need for \u0026#8220;flexible and low-yield options\u0026#8221; within the US nuclear arsenal.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N was designed to enhance deterrence against regional threats and reassure US allies.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-allocation-of-funds\"\u003eAllocation of funds\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its Fiscal Year 2022 budget proposal, the Biden Administration allocated funding for the research and development of the SLCM-N.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNonetheless, the 2022 NPR suggested discontinuing the program, indicating that current capabilities were adequate to meet deterrent requirements.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite this, Congress continued to fund the SLCM-N and its associated warhead. The Fiscal Year 2024 National Defense Authorization Act required the executive branch to ensure the SLCM-N\u0026#8217;s initial \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-6th-gen-fighter-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoperational\u003c/a\u003e capability. Following this, the Administration has begun to take steps to implement the program. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4c:T1e32,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eEdge of space: Meet Aurora, HALO Space’s balloon-powered capsule\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"What if your next adventure took you to the edge of space in a serene, balloon-powered ascent? HALO Space is making this dream a reality.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Edge of space: Meet Aurora, HALO Space’s balloon-powered capsule\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What if your next adventure took you to the edge of space in a serene, balloon-powered ascent? HALO Space is making this dream a reality.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:26:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:31:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/726f533151570d651a8deadcfb7d2a09\"},\"headline\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T18:26:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T18:31:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\"},\"wordCount\":1331,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"caption\":\"An image of the Aurora space capsule in flight attached to a balloon/parachute system.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Space\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\",\"name\":\"Edge of space: Meet Aurora, HALO Space’s balloon-powered capsule\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T18:26:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T18:31:21+00:00\",\"description\":\"What if your next adventure took you to the edge of space in a serene, balloon-powered ascent? HALO Space is making this dream a reality.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"An image of the Aurora space capsule in flight attached to a balloon/parachute system.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Space\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eQsgGCXdAlY\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"303\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:26:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4d:T3c15,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eHALO Space, a Spanish startup, is bringing near-space tourism closer to reality with its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/halo-space-aurora-capsule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAurora\u003c/em\u003e capsule\u003c/a\u003e. Better yet, if flying to the edge of space sounds like your dream experience, you can join a waiting list.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe stratospheric balloon system is designed to carry passengers 22 miles (35 kilometers) above the Earth\u0026#8217;s surface, offering an experience different from rocket-based space tourism.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHALO Space\u003c/em\u003e expanded its testing and assembly operations to Saudi Arabia last month, which is a significant step forward.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe move aligns with Saudi Arabia\u0026#8217;s aim to become a global leader in aerospace as part of the Vision 2030 initiative. The nation\u0026#8217;s clear skies and ample airspace make it an ideal environment for testing, according to a report by \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://spaceexplored.com/2024/10/07/halo-space-expands-testing-operations-to-saudi-arabia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSpace Explored.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering (IE\u003c/em\u003e) recently caught up with Carlos Mira (CEO) and Alberto Castrillo (CTO). We discussed the technology powering the \u003cem\u003eAurora\u003c/em\u003e space vehicle and HALO Space\u0026#8217;s plans for near-space tourism. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-aurora-capsule-vs-spacex-and-blue-origin\"\u003eThe Aurora capsule vs. SpaceX and Blue Origin\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4961\" height=\"2790\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121627\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg 4961w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4961px) 100vw, 4961px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA conceptual rendering of Earth\u0026#8217;s curvature as seen from the Aurora space capsule showcasing the near-space \u0026#8216;overview\u0026#8217; effect. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule offers a unique and serene experience compared to other space travel providers like SpaceX and Blue Origin,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo told\u003cem\u003e IE\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that, unlike companies that rely on powerful \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-of-fast-rockets-and-nuclear-propulsion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erocket propulsion\u003c/a\u003e, HALO Space uses helium balloons. These balloons gently lift the capsule into the stratosphere, and with that comes several \u0026#8220;distinctive advantages.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA tranquil ascent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Instead of the high-G forces and intense speeds typical of rocket launches, the Aurora capsule rises gradually,\u0026#8221; they said. This approach offers a peaceful journey with spectacular views of Earth\u0026#8217;s curvature and space\u0026#8217;s darkness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMira and Castillo then highlighted the sustainability aspect of the stratospheric balloon system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026#8216;Reduced carbon footprint\u0026#8217;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The use of helium balloons dramatically reduces the carbon footprint compared to rocket-based launches, making it a greener alternative for space tourism,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccessibility\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, since it avoids the physical demands of high-speed rocket travel, the Aurora capsule is accessible to a broader range of passengers. Miro and Castillo explained that this includes those who might need to be physically fit for traditional space travel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe \u0026#8216;overview effect\u0026#8217;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also mentioned that HALO Space enables passengers to enjoy what is known as the \u0026#8220;\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-overview-effect-seeing-earth-from-above-can-inspire-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoverview effect\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026#8221; They said, \u0026#8220;This is a transformative experience of viewing Earth from the edge of space—for a full hour.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Overview Effect: It will transform how you think forever\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eQsgGCXdAlY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that this duration sets HALO apart from rocket-based space tourism, where passengers typically experience this view for a few brief minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To date, fewer than 700 people have experienced this effect in space, but HALO aims to make it accessible to over 3,000 people each year,\u0026#8221; they stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-s-the-tech-making-near-space-balloon-systems-safe\"\u003eWhat\u0026#8217;s the tech making near-space balloon systems safe?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3840\" height=\"2160\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121620\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg 3840w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3840px) 100vw, 3840px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn image of the Aurora space capsule in a desert environment. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e prompted the duo to discuss the technology and safety measures to ensure a safe journey to the stratosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Safety is a top priority for HALO Space, and the Aurora capsule incorporates state-of-the-art technology to ensure a safe journey,\u0026#8221; they said.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome of the critical safety measures include multiple backup systems. They explain that the capsule is designed with redundant systems to ensure safety at all stages of the flight. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This includes redundant life support systems, communication systems, and safety mechanisms,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey then highlighted balloon and descent control. Simply put, the ascent is powered by a massive helium balloon that gradually expands as it rises into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/solar-geoengineering-sunlight-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estratosphere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;In the event of any unexpected issue, the descent can be safely controlled through a combination of precision parachutes and proprietary landing technologies,\u0026#8221; they explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e is then introduced to the advanced life support aboard the Aurora. According to Mira and Castrillo, the capsule is pressurized and climate-controlled. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures a comfortable environment for passengers while providing oxygen and maintaining optimal temperature and air pressure levels. Additionally, they highlight that the team at HALO Space has developed robust emergency protocols, and the flight is continuously monitored by a control team on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe capsule also has an emergency parachute system that can be deployed if necessary during the descent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-aurora-beyond-tourism\"\u003eAurora, beyond tourism\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4961\" height=\"2790\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121619\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg 4961w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4961px) 100vw, 4961px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA digital rendering of a view from Aurora from space. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule has significant potential beyond tourism,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo emphasized. \u0026#8220;The ability to reach near-space offers numerous opportunities for scientific research and other industries.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAtmospheric and climate studies\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, they highlighted how the stratosphere is a prime location for monitoring Earth\u0026#8217;s atmosphere and studying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/satellite-megaconstellations-surge-damage-ozone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eozone depletion\u003c/a\u003e, pollution, and weather patterns. \u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule can carry instruments to collect valuable data for climate scientists,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTechnology testing\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the near-space environment offers conditions similar to those found in space. Such conditions include low temperatures, high radiation, and near-vacuum pressures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Companies can use the Aurora capsule to test new space technologies in these conditions at a lower cost than launching satellites or rockets,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommercial applications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBusinesses in industries like telecommunications and remote sensing may also find near-space operations attractive for testing or deploying certain types of equipment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-balloons-vs-rockets-what-are-the-sustainability-benefits-of-aurora\"\u003eBalloons vs. rockets: what are the sustainability benefits of Aurora?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule offers a much more environmentally friendly approach to space tourism compared to traditional rocket-based travel,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnd here’s why.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the duo, Aurora has zero emissions during ascent. Unlike rockets, which burn massive amounts of fuel and release large quantities of CO2 and other pollutants into the atmosphere, \u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule\u0026#8217;s ascent is powered by a helium balloon, which does not generate any harmful emissions,\u0026#8221; they argued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey emphasized to \u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e that helium, an inert and non-toxic lifting agent, powers the capsule\u0026#8217;s ascent with minimal environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Especially when compared to the fuel-intensive methods used by companies like SpaceX or Blue Origin,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also claimed the Aurora capsule uses less energy overall compared to rocket-based flight. \u0026#8220;The entire journey is less energy-intensive because it avoids the massive fuel consumption required for rocket launches,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This reduces the overall carbon footprint of each flight, making HALO Space the most sustainable option for near-space tourism.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-will-near-space-tourism-evolve-in-the-future\"\u003eHow will near-space tourism evolve in the future?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Near-space tourism is on the verge of a significant transformation,\u0026#8221; the duo said. \u0026#8220;And HALO Space aims to play a pivotal role in making this frontier accessible to a broader audience.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey reasoned that unlike the current \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-first-outer-space-travel-announced-at-210000-for-12-minute-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003espace tourism market\u003c/a\u003e, which remains exclusive and expensive, HALO Space envisions a future where near-space experiences are available to many more people. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis will be due to the lower cost and lower barriers to entry compared to rocket-based options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The gentle ascent and non-rocket-based approach open the door for more inclusive space travel,\u0026#8221; they said. \u0026#8220;[This includes] those who are older, less physically fit, or seeking a less intense experience than what traditional spaceflights offer.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-at-the-forefront-of-a-new-era-in-space-exploration\"\u003e\u0026#8216;At the forefront of a new era in space exploration\u0026#8217;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHALO Space will democratize near-space access by offering more frequent and affordable flights. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that it pioneers new uses for near-space technology in research and commercial applications while leading the way in sustainable space tourism with its non-fuel technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;HALO Space is at the forefront of a new era in space exploration, where the dream of experiencing the overview effect is no longer limited to astronauts or the super-wealthy,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey argued that by focusing on accessibility, sustainability, and safety, HALO Space opens the door to new possibilities for space tourism, scientific discovery, and commercial innovation. \u0026#8220;Our goal is not just to take passengers on an unforgettable journey but to inspire a deeper connection to the planet and our place in the universe,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo concluded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We believe that the Aurora capsule offers not just an adventure, but a transformative experience that will forever change how people see the world.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4e:Ta87,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe move aligns with Saudi Arabia\u0026#8217;s aim to become a global leader in aerospace as part of the Vision 2030 initiative. The nation\u0026#8217;s clear skies and ample airspace make it an ideal environment for testing, according to a report by \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://spaceexplored.com/2024/10/07/halo-space-expands-testing-operations-to-saudi-arabia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSpace Explored.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering (IE\u003c/em\u003e) recently caught up with Carlos Mira (CEO) and Alberto Castrillo (CTO). We discussed the technology powering the \u003cem\u003eAurora\u003c/em\u003e space vehicle and HALO Space\u0026#8217;s plans for near-space tourism. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-aurora-capsule-vs-spacex-and-blue-origin\"\u003eThe Aurora capsule vs. SpaceX and Blue Origin\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4961\" height=\"2790\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121627\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg 4961w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4961px) 100vw, 4961px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA conceptual rendering of Earth\u0026#8217;s curvature as seen from the Aurora space capsule showcasing the near-space \u0026#8216;overview\u0026#8217; effect. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule offers a unique and serene experience compared to other space travel providers like SpaceX and Blue Origin,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo told\u003cem\u003e IE\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that, unlike companies that rely on powerful \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-of-fast-rockets-and-nuclear-propulsion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erocket propulsion\u003c/a\u003e, HALO Space uses helium balloons. These balloons gently lift the capsule into the stratosphere, and with that comes several \u0026#8220;distinctive advantages.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4f:Tc5d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe \u0026#8216;overview effect\u0026#8217;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also mentioned that HALO Space enables passengers to enjoy what is known as the \u0026#8220;\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-overview-effect-seeing-earth-from-above-can-inspire-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoverview effect\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026#8221; They said, \u0026#8220;This is a transformative experience of viewing Earth from the edge of space—for a full hour.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Overview Effect: It will transform how you think forever\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eQsgGCXdAlY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that this duration sets HALO apart from rocket-based space tourism, where passengers typically experience this view for a few brief minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To date, fewer than 700 people have experienced this effect in space, but HALO aims to make it accessible to over 3,000 people each year,\u0026#8221; they stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-s-the-tech-making-near-space-balloon-systems-safe\"\u003eWhat\u0026#8217;s the tech making near-space balloon systems safe?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3840\" height=\"2160\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121620\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg 3840w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3840px) 100vw, 3840px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn image of the Aurora space capsule in a desert environment. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e prompted the duo to discuss the technology and safety measures to ensure a safe journey to the stratosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Safety is a top priority for HALO Space, and the Aurora capsule incorporates state-of-the-art technology to ensure a safe journey,\u0026#8221; they said.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"50:T534,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome of the critical safety measures include multiple backup systems. They explain that the capsule is designed with redundant systems to ensure safety at all stages of the flight. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This includes redundant life support systems, communication systems, and safety mechanisms,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey then highlighted balloon and descent control. Simply put, the ascent is powered by a massive helium balloon that gradually expands as it rises into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/solar-geoengineering-sunlight-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estratosphere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;In the event of any unexpected issue, the descent can be safely controlled through a combination of precision parachutes and proprietary landing technologies,\u0026#8221; they explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e is then introduced to the advanced life support aboard the Aurora. According to Mira and Castrillo, the capsule is pressurized and climate-controlled. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures a comfortable environment for passengers while providing oxygen and maintaining optimal temperature and air pressure levels. Additionally, they highlight that the team at HALO Space has developed robust emergency protocols, and the flight is continuously monitored by a control team on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"51:T80f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe capsule also has an emergency parachute system that can be deployed if necessary during the descent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-aurora-beyond-tourism\"\u003eAurora, beyond tourism\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4961\" height=\"2790\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121619\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg 4961w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4961px) 100vw, 4961px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA digital rendering of a view from Aurora from space. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule has significant potential beyond tourism,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo emphasized. \u0026#8220;The ability to reach near-space offers numerous opportunities for scientific research and other industries.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAtmospheric and climate studies\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, they highlighted how the stratosphere is a prime location for monitoring Earth\u0026#8217;s atmosphere and studying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/satellite-megaconstellations-surge-damage-ozone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eozone depletion\u003c/a\u003e, pollution, and weather patterns. \u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule can carry instruments to collect valuable data for climate scientists,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"52:T466,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommercial applications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBusinesses in industries like telecommunications and remote sensing may also find near-space operations attractive for testing or deploying certain types of equipment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-balloons-vs-rockets-what-are-the-sustainability-benefits-of-aurora\"\u003eBalloons vs. rockets: what are the sustainability benefits of Aurora?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule offers a much more environmentally friendly approach to space tourism compared to traditional rocket-based travel,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnd here’s why.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the duo, Aurora has zero emissions during ascent. Unlike rockets, which burn massive amounts of fuel and release large quantities of CO2 and other pollutants into the atmosphere, \u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule\u0026#8217;s ascent is powered by a helium balloon, which does not generate any harmful emissions,\u0026#8221; they argued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey emphasized to \u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e that helium, an inert and non-toxic lifting agent, powers the capsule\u0026#8217;s ascent with minimal environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"53:T4f4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Especially when compared to the fuel-intensive methods used by companies like SpaceX or Blue Origin,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also claimed the Aurora capsule uses less energy overall compared to rocket-based flight. \u0026#8220;The entire journey is less energy-intensive because it avoids the massive fuel consumption required for rocket launches,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This reduces the overall carbon footprint of each flight, making HALO Space the most sustainable option for near-space tourism.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-will-near-space-tourism-evolve-in-the-future\"\u003eHow will near-space tourism evolve in the future?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Near-space tourism is on the verge of a significant transformation,\u0026#8221; the duo said. \u0026#8220;And HALO Space aims to play a pivotal role in making this frontier accessible to a broader audience.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey reasoned that unlike the current \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-first-outer-space-travel-announced-at-210000-for-12-minute-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003espace tourism market\u003c/a\u003e, which remains exclusive and expensive, HALO Space envisions a future where near-space experiences are available to many more people. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"54:T437,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis will be due to the lower cost and lower barriers to entry compared to rocket-based options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The gentle ascent and non-rocket-based approach open the door for more inclusive space travel,\u0026#8221; they said. \u0026#8220;[This includes] those who are older, less physically fit, or seeking a less intense experience than what traditional spaceflights offer.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-at-the-forefront-of-a-new-era-in-space-exploration\"\u003e\u0026#8216;At the forefront of a new era in space exploration\u0026#8217;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHALO Space will democratize near-space access by offering more frequent and affordable flights. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that it pioneers new uses for near-space technology in research and commercial applications while leading the way in sustainable space tourism with its non-fuel technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;HALO Space is at the forefront of a new era in space exploration, where the dream of experiencing the overview effect is no longer limited to astronauts or the super-wealthy,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"55:T1f4d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s first fully robotic double lung transplant performed at NYU\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"NYU Langone performs the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant, marking a breakthrough in minimally invasive surgical care.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World’s first fully robotic double lung transplant performed at NYU\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NYU Langone performs the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant, marking a breakthrough in minimally invasive surgical care.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T16:36:38+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T16:44:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T16:36:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T16:44:06+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\"},\"wordCount\":561,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Both lungs were transplanted using robotic techniques.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"AI\",\"Autonomous Surgery\",\"da Vinci\",\"Lung Transplant\",\"Lungs\",\"Machine Learning\",\"NYU Langone\",\"organ transplant\",\"robot\",\"Robotic Surgery\",\"Surgery\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Health\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\",\"name\":\"World’s first fully robotic double lung transplant performed at NYU\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T16:36:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T16:44:06+00:00\",\"description\":\"NYU Langone performs the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant, marking a breakthrough in minimally invasive surgical care.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Both lungs were transplanted using robotic techniques.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Health\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/health\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ELq6-9jQgeU\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"205\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-22T16:36:38+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"56:T17e7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eNew York University (NYU) Langone Health achieved a medical milestone by performing the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA 57-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) underwent a double lung transplant using the da Vinci Xi robotic system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSmall incisions between the ribs allowed the robotic system to remove each lung, prepare the surgical site, and implant the new lungs. Both lungs were successfully transplanted entirely with robotic techniques.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the team, the procedure showcases a breakthrough in robotic surgery and advances minimally invasive care.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advancing-lung-surgery\"\u003eAdvancing lung surgery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn October 22, 2024, a double lung transplant was performed on Cheryl Mehrkar, four days after she was added to the transplant list following months of evaluation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosed with COPD at 43, she inherited a genetic predisposition to lung disease, and her condition worsened after contracting COVID-19 in 2022. An adventurous individual, she was a scuba divemaster, avid motorcyclist, and karate black belt, operating a dojo with her husband for over 20 years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHealth challenges led her to retire from teaching karate, but she continued serving her community as a volunteer emergency medical technician with the Union Vale Fire Department in Dutchess County, New York, where she remains active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg\" alt=\"World's first fully robotic double lung transplant patient, Cheryl Mehrkar, with husband Shahin and surgeon Stephanie Chang.\" class=\"wp-image-122453\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eWorld\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant patient, Cheryl Mehrkar, with husband Shahin and surgeon Stephanie Chang.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By using these robotic systems, we aim to reduce the impact this major surgery has on patients, limit their postoperative pain, and give them the best possible outcome,\u0026#8221; said Stephanie H. Chang, surgical director of the Lung Transplant Program for the NYU Langone Transplant Institute, in a \u003ca href=\"https://nyulangone.org/news/nyu-langone-performs-first-fully-robotic-lung-transplant-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA month earlier, Chang and her team at NYU had performed the nation’s first fully robotic single lung transplant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-autonomous-surgery\"\u003eAutonomous surgery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis month, a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/ai-robot-surgery-shocks-internet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobot\u003c/a\u003e trained solely by analyzing videos of experienced surgeons successfully replicated complex surgical procedures with skills comparable to human doctors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe advancement highlighted the potential of imitation learning, a method that brings robotic surgery closer to autonomy, where robots could \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-nails-surgery-lik-human-doctor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eindependently\u003c/a\u003e perform intricate procedures without human intervention.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers from Stanford University and Johns Hopkins University trained a da Vinci Surgical System robot in three basic activities: suturing, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/lab-made-muscle-with-new-laser-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etissue\u003c/a\u003e lifting, and needle handling. The robot performed these activities with human-like skill by using imitation learning, which eliminated the necessity for meticulously programming each movement for each medical procedure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is the future of surgery robotic?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ELq6-9jQgeU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKinematic data, which mathematically represents robotic motion, was combined with methods from sophisticated language models to create the training model, which included machine learning concepts. With this method, the robot was able to learn from surgical videos that were recorded by da Vinci systems\u0026#8217; wrist-mounted cameras. With over 7,000 da Vinci robots and more than 50,000 surgeons trained worldwide, there is a sizable dataset to improve this technology even more.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the da Vinci system is known for input inaccuracies, researchers overcame this by focusing on relative movements instead of absolute actions. This adjustment improved precision and adaptability, allowing the robot to generalize to new environments and tasks, such as recovering a dropped needle during surgery.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe new model streamlines robot training, enabling surgical robots to learn procedures in days rather than years. According to experts, the innovation has the potential to advance surgical autonomy, minimize errors, and enhance procedural accuracy, marking a significant leap forward in robotic medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"57:T9ff,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advancing-lung-surgery\"\u003eAdvancing lung surgery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn October 22, 2024, a double lung transplant was performed on Cheryl Mehrkar, four days after she was added to the transplant list following months of evaluation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosed with COPD at 43, she inherited a genetic predisposition to lung disease, and her condition worsened after contracting COVID-19 in 2022. An adventurous individual, she was a scuba divemaster, avid motorcyclist, and karate black belt, operating a dojo with her husband for over 20 years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHealth challenges led her to retire from teaching karate, but she continued serving her community as a volunteer emergency medical technician with the Union Vale Fire Department in Dutchess County, New York, where she remains active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg\" alt=\"World's first fully robotic double lung transplant patient, Cheryl Mehrkar, with husband Shahin and surgeon Stephanie Chang.\" class=\"wp-image-122453\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eWorld\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant patient, Cheryl Mehrkar, with husband Shahin and surgeon Stephanie Chang.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By using these robotic systems, we aim to reduce the impact this major surgery has on patients, limit their postoperative pain, and give them the best possible outcome,\u0026#8221; said Stephanie H. Chang, surgical director of the Lung Transplant Program for the NYU Langone Transplant Institute, in a \u003ca href=\"https://nyulangone.org/news/nyu-langone-performs-first-fully-robotic-lung-transplant-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA month earlier, Chang and her team at NYU had performed the nation’s first fully robotic single lung transplant.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"58:T8da,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-autonomous-surgery\"\u003eAutonomous surgery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis month, a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/ai-robot-surgery-shocks-internet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobot\u003c/a\u003e trained solely by analyzing videos of experienced surgeons successfully replicated complex surgical procedures with skills comparable to human doctors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe advancement highlighted the potential of imitation learning, a method that brings robotic surgery closer to autonomy, where robots could \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-nails-surgery-lik-human-doctor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eindependently\u003c/a\u003e perform intricate procedures without human intervention.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers from Stanford University and Johns Hopkins University trained a da Vinci Surgical System robot in three basic activities: suturing, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/lab-made-muscle-with-new-laser-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etissue\u003c/a\u003e lifting, and needle handling. The robot performed these activities with human-like skill by using imitation learning, which eliminated the necessity for meticulously programming each movement for each medical procedure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is the future of surgery robotic?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ELq6-9jQgeU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKinematic data, which mathematically represents robotic motion, was combined with methods from sophisticated language models to create the training model, which included machine learning concepts. With this method, the robot was able to learn from surgical videos that were recorded by da Vinci systems\u0026#8217; wrist-mounted cameras. With over 7,000 da Vinci robots and more than 50,000 surgeons trained worldwide, there is a sizable dataset to improve this technology even more.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"59:T206a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eStarlink\u0026#039;s rival SpaceSail to provide satellite internet in Brazil\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet service in the region.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Starlink\u0026#039;s rival SpaceSail to provide satellite internet in Brazil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet service in the region.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T15:53:33+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T15:59:16+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T15:53:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T15:59:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\"},\"wordCount\":541,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png\",\"caption\":\"Starlink internet\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Starlink rival\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\",\"name\":\"Starlink's rival SpaceSail to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T15:53:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T15:59:16+00:00\",\"description\":\"Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet service in the region.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Starlink internet\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Space\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5a:T1606,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA Chinese company is challenging dominance of Elon Musk\u0026#8217;s Starlink in the Latin American region. Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet in the region.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe firm signed an MoU with Brazil’s state-owned telecoms company Telecomunicacoes Brasileiras (Telebras) during the recent visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInitially, the plan is to study the demand for satellite internet areas where fiber optic infrastructure doesn’t work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-to-bring-satellite-based-internet-access\"\u003eSpaceSail to bring satellite-based internet access\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/modular-satellite-system-could-unlock-space-based-solar-power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e access to areas with limited connectivity by deploying its Qianfan, or “Thousand Sails”, constellation, a low-Earth orbit satellite network currently under construction that would support Brazil’s national digital inclusion policies, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBrazilian officials have reportedly been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August. SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s CEO had also met Brazilian Vice President Geraldo Alckmin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn October, officials from the Brazilian Communications Ministry SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-launches-first-reusable-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efactory\u003c/a\u003e in China.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Shanghai-based firm is expected to kick start satellite internet in Brazil in two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-elon-musk-s-open-public-dispute-with-brazilian-supreme-court\"\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt came after Elon Musk has been in an open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court, which banned the X \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/1st-ever-autonomous-satellite-swarm-navigation-in-orbit-achieved-by-stanford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatform\u003c/a\u003e for a month in August. The court maintained that the social media platform failed to refused to comply with its orders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStarlink was caught in the crossfire, as its bank accounts were frozen to ensure the payment of fines levied against X. Starlink has rapidly grown to become Brazil’s top satellite \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/super-maneuverable-satellite-unveiled\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e provider, gobbling up 47 percent of the market. It provides connectivity to roughly 224,000 customers, mostly in remote parts of the country. Starlink is essential to farmers, companies from various sectors, and indigenous communities, according to \u003ca href=\"https://brazilian.report/liveblog/politics-insider/2024/11/19/agreement-china-starlink-competitor-spacesail/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Brazilian Report\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-launched-36-satellites-into-low-earth-orbit\"\u003eSpaceSail launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail, which has launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit, is expected to have over 600 satellites in orbit by late 2025. The company\u0026#8217;s plan is to launch a network of nearly 14,000 satellites for low-latency, high-speed, and ultra-reliable satellite internet services globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, SpaceSail is in negotiations with more than 30 countries and is promoting commercial applications for its Qianfan constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQianfan is one of two Chinese megaconstellations aimed at challenging Starlink’s dominance. The other, Guowang, also known as SatNet, is being developed by China Satellite Network Group near Beijing and expected to comprise around 13,000 satellites. Construction on Guowang is set to begin soon, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/mincomunicacoes/status/1859024586857414848\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company will start its satellite internet service in 2025. It will facilitate fields such as transportation, new energy, smart cities, smart agriculture, emergency disaster relief, and low-altitude economy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShanghai Spacesail Technologies Co., Ltd. has begun business negotiations with dozens of countries to promote the global commercial application and services of its constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, China has 1,059 satellites in orbit, 492 of which are commercial satellites. By the end of June this year, 546 commercial space enterprises were registered and effectively operating in \u003ca href=\"http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinavoices/2024-11/21/content_117561027.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBrazil\u0026#8217;s deal with SpaceSail is likely aimed at warning Elon Musk and Starlink, which is the world\u0026#8217;s first and largest satellite constellation using a low Earth orbit to deliver broadband internet capable of supporting streaming, online gaming, video calls and more.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5b:Ta9f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-to-bring-satellite-based-internet-access\"\u003eSpaceSail to bring satellite-based internet access\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/modular-satellite-system-could-unlock-space-based-solar-power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e access to areas with limited connectivity by deploying its Qianfan, or “Thousand Sails”, constellation, a low-Earth orbit satellite network currently under construction that would support Brazil’s national digital inclusion policies, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBrazilian officials have reportedly been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August. SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s CEO had also met Brazilian Vice President Geraldo Alckmin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn October, officials from the Brazilian Communications Ministry SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-launches-first-reusable-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efactory\u003c/a\u003e in China.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Shanghai-based firm is expected to kick start satellite internet in Brazil in two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-elon-musk-s-open-public-dispute-with-brazilian-supreme-court\"\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt came after Elon Musk has been in an open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court, which banned the X \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/1st-ever-autonomous-satellite-swarm-navigation-in-orbit-achieved-by-stanford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatform\u003c/a\u003e for a month in August. The court maintained that the social media platform failed to refused to comply with its orders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStarlink was caught in the crossfire, as its bank accounts were frozen to ensure the payment of fines levied against X. Starlink has rapidly grown to become Brazil’s top satellite \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/super-maneuverable-satellite-unveiled\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e provider, gobbling up 47 percent of the market. It provides connectivity to roughly 224,000 customers, mostly in remote parts of the country. Starlink is essential to farmers, companies from various sectors, and indigenous communities, according to \u003ca href=\"https://brazilian.report/liveblog/politics-insider/2024/11/19/agreement-china-starlink-competitor-spacesail/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Brazilian Report\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5c:T61f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-launched-36-satellites-into-low-earth-orbit\"\u003eSpaceSail launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail, which has launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit, is expected to have over 600 satellites in orbit by late 2025. The company\u0026#8217;s plan is to launch a network of nearly 14,000 satellites for low-latency, high-speed, and ultra-reliable satellite internet services globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, SpaceSail is in negotiations with more than 30 countries and is promoting commercial applications for its Qianfan constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQianfan is one of two Chinese megaconstellations aimed at challenging Starlink’s dominance. The other, Guowang, also known as SatNet, is being developed by China Satellite Network Group near Beijing and expected to comprise around 13,000 satellites. Construction on Guowang is set to begin soon, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/mincomunicacoes/status/1859024586857414848\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company will start its satellite internet service in 2025. It will facilitate fields such as transportation, new energy, smart cities, smart agriculture, emergency disaster relief, and low-altitude economy.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5d:T1fbb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eJapan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"FAST project aims to demonstrate integrated fusion energy system that combines energy conversion, including electricity generation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"FAST project aims to demonstrate integrated fusion energy system that combines energy conversion, including electricity generation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T13:22:36+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T13:22:45+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-28.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-23T13:22:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-23T13:22:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\"},\"wordCount\":441,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-28.png\",\"caption\":\"Tokamak\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-28.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"fusion energy\",\"Nuclear Fusion\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\",\"name\":\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-28.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-23T13:22:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-23T13:22:45+00:00\",\"description\":\"FAST project aims to demonstrate integrated fusion energy system that combines energy conversion, including electricity generation.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-28.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-28.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Tokamak\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5e:T1332,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eJapan has launched the FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Fusion by Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (FAST) project aims to demonstrate an integrated fusion energy system that combines energy conversion, including electricity generation and fuel technologies, according to reports.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA tokamak configuration will be chosen under the project for its well-established data and scalability.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe project aims to address the remaining technical challenges en route to commercial fusion power plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-high-temperature-superconducting-hts-coils\"\u003eHigh-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe plan is to use the high-temperature \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esuperconducting\u003c/a\u003e (HTS) coils and select the low aspect ratio tokamak to generate high-pressure plasmas in a compact size, compared to more conventional, larger tokamaks. Reducing the device size also helps to lower manufacturing times and costs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis device will operate using novel technologies such as HTS coils, new low-activation materials, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/stellarators-fusion-research-advancement-accelerate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edeuterium\u003c/a\u003e production from seawater. FAST will be carried out in collaboration with a wide range of partners in the public and private sectors, both domestically and internationally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project includes achieving a sustained burning plasma, extracting and converting energy, demonstrating a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etritium\u003c/a\u003e fuel cycle, and ensuring system integration and safety.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;FAST is the world\u0026#8217;s first initiative to extract fusion energy from a plasma while integratively demonstrating plasma sustainment and addressing engineering challenges. The project aims to achieve the demonstration of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e energy power generation by the 2030s,\u0026#8221; claims the project in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fast-pj.com/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-power-generation-of-50-mw-to-100-mw\"\u003ePower generation of 50 MW to 100 MW\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe system aims for a power generation of 50 MW to 100 MW and a discharge duration of 1000 seconds of D-T fusion burn. High-temperature blankets enable testing of multipurpose uses for thermal power and neutrons. The device is planned to operate for a cumulative 1000 hours of full-power operation, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/japan-launches-fast-fusion-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWorld Nuclear News\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"778\" height=\"406\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image_a47086.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122685\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image_a47086.png 778w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image_a47086.png?resize=300,157 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image_a47086.png?resize=768,401 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 778px) 100vw, 778px\" /\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;FAST is an apparatus designed to conduct comprehensive technical testing related to fusion plasmas and energy generation. It will contribute not only to the development of prototypes in Japan, but also to the safe and accelerated advancement of various fusion approaches around the world,\u0026#8221; added the project in the statement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-preliminary-design-is-expected-to-be-completed-by-2025\"\u003ePreliminary design is expected to be completed by 2025\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA conceptual design team will be organised, composed of plasma researchers and power plant engineering researchers, and the preliminary design is expected to be completed by the year 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA thorough evaluation of the internal and external environment, including technology, funding, regulation and policy, will be conducted during the transition to detailed design, where a decision will be made on the feasibility of execution. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFAST aims to provide a comprehensive and unique platform to develop technologies applicable to practical fusion power plants worldwide, including demonstration devices and fusion \u003ca href=\"https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/japan-launches-fast-fusion-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epilot plants\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5f:T72a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-high-temperature-superconducting-hts-coils\"\u003eHigh-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe plan is to use the high-temperature \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esuperconducting\u003c/a\u003e (HTS) coils and select the low aspect ratio tokamak to generate high-pressure plasmas in a compact size, compared to more conventional, larger tokamaks. Reducing the device size also helps to lower manufacturing times and costs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis device will operate using novel technologies such as HTS coils, new low-activation materials, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/stellarators-fusion-research-advancement-accelerate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edeuterium\u003c/a\u003e production from seawater. FAST will be carried out in collaboration with a wide range of partners in the public and private sectors, both domestically and internationally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project includes achieving a sustained burning plasma, extracting and converting energy, demonstrating a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etritium\u003c/a\u003e fuel cycle, and ensuring system integration and safety.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;FAST is the world\u0026#8217;s first initiative to extract fusion energy from a plasma while integratively demonstrating plasma sustainment and addressing engineering challenges. The project aims to achieve the demonstration of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e energy power generation by the 2030s,\u0026#8221; claims the project in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fast-pj.com/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"60:T76a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-power-generation-of-50-mw-to-100-mw\"\u003ePower generation of 50 MW to 100 MW\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe system aims for a power generation of 50 MW to 100 MW and a discharge duration of 1000 seconds of D-T fusion burn. High-temperature blankets enable testing of multipurpose uses for thermal power and neutrons. The device is planned to operate for a cumulative 1000 hours of full-power operation, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/japan-launches-fast-fusion-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWorld Nuclear News\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"778\" height=\"406\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image_a47086.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122685\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image_a47086.png 778w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image_a47086.png?resize=300,157 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image_a47086.png?resize=768,401 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 778px) 100vw, 778px\" /\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;FAST is an apparatus designed to conduct comprehensive technical testing related to fusion plasmas and energy generation. It will contribute not only to the development of prototypes in Japan, but also to the safe and accelerated advancement of various fusion approaches around the world,\u0026#8221; added the project in the statement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-preliminary-design-is-expected-to-be-completed-by-2025\"\u003ePreliminary design is expected to be completed by 2025\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA conceptual design team will be organised, composed of plasma researchers and power plant engineering researchers, and the preliminary design is expected to be completed by the year 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"61:T2097,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Radiant Industries\u0026#039; Kaleidos microreactor completed its front-end engineering and experiment design (FEEED) phase at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL).\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Radiant Industries\u0026#039; Kaleidos microreactor completed its front-end engineering and experiment design (FEEED) phase at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL).\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T09:58:58+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T09:59:12+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-27.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"US\u0026#8217; nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-23T09:58:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-23T09:59:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\"},\"wordCount\":553,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-27.png\",\"caption\":\"Microreactor\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-27.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"microreactor\",\"Radiant\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\",\"name\":\"US microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-27.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-23T09:58:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-23T09:59:12+00:00\",\"description\":\"Radiant Industries' Kaleidos microreactor completed its front-end engineering and experiment design (FEEED) phase at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL).\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-27.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-27.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Microreactor\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"US\u0026#8217; nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"62:T15ff,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA California-based developer of microreactors has completed a critical passive cooldown demonstration of its prototype Kaleidos system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped by Radiant Industries, the Kaleidos microreactor is one of the designs that are on track to be part of a historic test at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in the world\u0026#8217;s first microreactor test bed as early as mid-2026.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe completion of its front-end engineering and experiment design (FEEED) phase at the INL is a major step to bringing the world\u0026#8217;s first factory-constructed microreactors to market.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-passive-cooldown-system\"\u003ePassive cooldown system\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe demonstration of the passive cooldown \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/small-nuclear-reactors-remote-monitoring-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esystem\u003c/a\u003e, which took place on September 17th, showcases the reactor\u0026#8217;s ability to safely shut down and cool off without power. The recent test highlighted the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereactor\u0026#8217;s\u003c/a\u003e suitability for deployment even in populated urban areas.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRadiant claims that the reactor safety system triggers a shutdown within 300 milliseconds of detecting an emergency condition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company remains on schedule to conduct a full test of the Kaleidos microreactor at the Idaho National Laboratory in 2026. This would make it the first new reactor \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-largest-nuclear-fusion-company-key-milestone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign\u003c/a\u003e to be operated in 50 years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe recent FEEED process supports developers in designing and planning for the fabrication, construction, and potential testing of fueled reactor experiments at the Demonstration of Microreactor Experiments (DOME) microreactor test bed. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company was competitively selected last year to complete the FEEED process, which includes developing a detailed schedule, budget, design, and test plan for the experiment, as well as a detailed preliminary safety report on its design to ensure safe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoperations\u003c/a\u003e during testing. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-radiant-s-fueled-reactor-test\"\u003eRadiant\u0026#8217;s fueled reactor test\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTori Shivanandan, Radiant\u0026#8217;s chief operating officer, emphasized that completing the FEEED phase is a major milestone toward their fueled \u003ca href=\"https://www.radiantnuclear.com/blog/passive-cooldown-demo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereactor\u003c/a\u003e test at INL\u0026#8217;s DOME facility.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eShivanandan highlighted \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/radiant-completes-study-first-kaleidos-microreactor-experiment#:~:text=Radiant%20Completes%20Study%20for%20First%20Kaleidos%20Microreactor%20Experiment,-November%2014%2C%202024\u0026amp;text=Rendering%20of%20the%20Radiant%20Kaleidos,Idaho%20National%20Laboratory%20(INL).\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRadiant\u0026#8217;s\u003c/a\u003e achievements during this phase, including being added to the lab\u0026#8217;s qualified supplier list, completing numerous design reviews, and submitting their Conceptual Safety Design Report, all while remaining on schedule and within budget.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;We are excited to continue partnering with the lab going forward,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/radiant-completes-study-first-kaleidos-microreactor-experiment#:~:text=Radiant%20Completes%20Study%20for%20First%20Kaleidos%20Microreactor%20Experiment,-November%2014%2C%202024\u0026amp;text=Rendering%20of%20the%20Radiant%20Kaleidos,Idaho%20National%20Laboratory%20(INL).\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e Shivanandan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company has also secured backing from the U.S. Department of Energy for Detailed Engineering and Experiment Design (DEEP).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe selection by DOE takes Radiant into the next phase of experiment design for the test of its 1 MW Kaleidos microreactor at the DOME facility, marking another significant step toward commercialization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-urgent-need-to-build-and-deploy-new-reactors\"\u003eUrgent need to build and deploy new reactors\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA critical part of Radiant’s phase two work will include developing documentation for the Preliminary Documented Safety Analysis (PDSA) and implementing critical design refinements. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDSA, representing 90% design completion, builds upon the Conceptual Safety Design Report (CSDR) and provides a comprehensive safety analysis of the reactor. These efforts position Radiant for success as it moves toward reactor testing and eventual commercial deployment, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.radiantnuclear.com/blog/deep-announcement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This award represents a major milestone in our collaboration with INL. The United States urgently needs to build and deploy new reactors, and the DOME demonstrations show the American people that this future is not just possible – it’s within our grasp,\u0026#8221; said Shivanandan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The support from the DOE and INL is instrumental in our journey to bring this game-changing clean energy solution to market and unleashing the full potential of Kaleidos, proving that together, we can make it happen.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"63:T709,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-passive-cooldown-system\"\u003ePassive cooldown system\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe demonstration of the passive cooldown \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/small-nuclear-reactors-remote-monitoring-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esystem\u003c/a\u003e, which took place on September 17th, showcases the reactor\u0026#8217;s ability to safely shut down and cool off without power. The recent test highlighted the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereactor\u0026#8217;s\u003c/a\u003e suitability for deployment even in populated urban areas.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRadiant claims that the reactor safety system triggers a shutdown within 300 milliseconds of detecting an emergency condition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company remains on schedule to conduct a full test of the Kaleidos microreactor at the Idaho National Laboratory in 2026. This would make it the first new reactor \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-largest-nuclear-fusion-company-key-milestone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign\u003c/a\u003e to be operated in 50 years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe recent FEEED process supports developers in designing and planning for the fabrication, construction, and potential testing of fueled reactor experiments at the Demonstration of Microreactor Experiments (DOME) microreactor test bed. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company was competitively selected last year to complete the FEEED process, which includes developing a detailed schedule, budget, design, and test plan for the experiment, as well as a detailed preliminary safety report on its design to ensure safe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoperations\u003c/a\u003e during testing. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"64:T78e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-radiant-s-fueled-reactor-test\"\u003eRadiant\u0026#8217;s fueled reactor test\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTori Shivanandan, Radiant\u0026#8217;s chief operating officer, emphasized that completing the FEEED phase is a major milestone toward their fueled \u003ca href=\"https://www.radiantnuclear.com/blog/passive-cooldown-demo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereactor\u003c/a\u003e test at INL\u0026#8217;s DOME facility.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eShivanandan highlighted \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/radiant-completes-study-first-kaleidos-microreactor-experiment#:~:text=Radiant%20Completes%20Study%20for%20First%20Kaleidos%20Microreactor%20Experiment,-November%2014%2C%202024\u0026amp;text=Rendering%20of%20the%20Radiant%20Kaleidos,Idaho%20National%20Laboratory%20(INL).\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRadiant\u0026#8217;s\u003c/a\u003e achievements during this phase, including being added to the lab\u0026#8217;s qualified supplier list, completing numerous design reviews, and submitting their Conceptual Safety Design Report, all while remaining on schedule and within budget.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;We are excited to continue partnering with the lab going forward,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/radiant-completes-study-first-kaleidos-microreactor-experiment#:~:text=Radiant%20Completes%20Study%20for%20First%20Kaleidos%20Microreactor%20Experiment,-November%2014%2C%202024\u0026amp;text=Rendering%20of%20the%20Radiant%20Kaleidos,Idaho%20National%20Laboratory%20(INL).\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e Shivanandan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company has also secured backing from the U.S. Department of Energy for Detailed Engineering and Experiment Design (DEEP).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe selection by DOE takes Radiant into the next phase of experiment design for the test of its 1 MW Kaleidos microreactor at the DOME facility, marking another significant step toward commercialization.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"65:T523,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-urgent-need-to-build-and-deploy-new-reactors\"\u003eUrgent need to build and deploy new reactors\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA critical part of Radiant’s phase two work will include developing documentation for the Preliminary Documented Safety Analysis (PDSA) and implementing critical design refinements. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDSA, representing 90% design completion, builds upon the Conceptual Safety Design Report (CSDR) and provides a comprehensive safety analysis of the reactor. These efforts position Radiant for success as it moves toward reactor testing and eventual commercial deployment, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.radiantnuclear.com/blog/deep-announcement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This award represents a major milestone in our collaboration with INL. The United States urgently needs to build and deploy new reactors, and the DOME demonstrations show the American people that this future is not just possible – it’s within our grasp,\u0026#8221; said Shivanandan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The support from the DOE and INL is instrumental in our journey to bring this game-changing clean energy solution to market and unleashing the full potential of Kaleidos, proving that together, we can make it happen.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"66:T228e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"},\"wordCount\":523,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"caption\":\"Yi Yang, a postdoctoral fellow co-advised by Ted Sargent and Mercouri Kanatzidis, is first author of the study which improves the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Perovskite\",\"Perovskite efficiency\",\"Perovskite Solar Cells\",\"protective coating\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"name\":\"New solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\",\"description\":\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Yi Yang, a postdoctoral fellow co-advised by Ted Sargent and Mercouri Kanatzidis, is first author of the study which improves the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"67:T1274,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new protective coating has significantly increased the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Northwestern University scientists, the coating also extends the life of perovskite solar cells. Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"68:T579,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"69:T532,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6a:T559,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6b:T2039,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:02:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:05:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T12:02:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T12:05:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\"},\"wordCount\":529,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\",\"caption\":\"The ITER vacuum vessel sustains ultra-high-temperature plasma for nuclear fusion by maintaining a high vacuum.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"France\",\"Fusion reactor\",\"International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor\",\"ITER\",\"nuclear energy\",\"South Korea\",\"Vacuum vessel\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\",\"name\":\"World’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T12:02:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T12:05:46+00:00\",\"description\":\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"The ITER vacuum vessel sustains ultra-high-temperature plasma for nuclear fusion by maintaining a high vacuum.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6c:T1769,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessel sectors for the world\u0026#8217;s largest fusion project, made in South Korea, have been delivered to the construction site in Cadarache, France.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFour of the nine vacuum vessel sectors for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) were built in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy Industries at its large shipyard in Ulsan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessels will improve radiation shielding and plasma stability by providing a high vacuum environment for the plasma. The fusion reactions will be housed in the vessel, which will also offer access to remote handling procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6d:T961,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6e:T49d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6f:T70c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"70:T1be2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eCoatings enhance performance of everyday objects, jets, and spacecraft\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"From everyday objects to those sent out in space, specialized coatings help deliver superior outcomes that regular materials can\u0026#039;t.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Coatings enhance performance of everyday objects, jets, and spacecraft\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"From everyday objects to those sent out in space, specialized coatings help deliver superior outcomes that regular materials can\u0026#039;t.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T14:59:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T14:59:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/228699245718b47295471284aabc21c5\"},\"headline\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\"},\"wordCount\":611,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\",\"name\":\"Coatings enhance performance of everyday objects, jets, and spacecraft\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:27+00:00\",\"description\":\"From everyday objects to those sent out in space, specialized coatings help deliver superior outcomes that regular materials can't.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"71:T15f6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the frying pan in the kitchen to airplanes in the sky, everything has a thin layer of coating that delivers an extra attribute that would have been impossible to achieve otherwise. These coatings are made of different materials and applied differently, but when engineering has reached its limits, coatings have always outperformed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEveryday objects, from pans and pots to cars we drive around in, have a coating for a specialized function. This could be to prevent food from sticking to them or to prevent fires from spreading rapidly. Even massive ships use special coatings to prevent marine life forms from attaching themselves to the hull and increasing friction during voyages.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMostly seamless in their presence, these coatings help make our lives simpler, more efficient, and safer. Not just on Earth, but they also prevent astronauts from falling sick.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-astronauts-and-toothpastes\"\u003eAstronauts and toothpastes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen bacteria grow together on a surface, they secrete small molecules that form a film to help their populations thrive. These films, known as biofilms, can contain toxins that prevent other organisms from growing and make humans extremely sick if ingested.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn low-gravity environments such as spacecraft, bacteria grow at an accelerated pace, and so do biofilms. Left unchecked, these films can contaminate water supplies. In worst-case scenarios, they can also cause mechanical failures, risking astronaut health and safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA research team led by Kripa Varanasi, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), has developed a slippery coating using solid materials and a lubricant that prevents biofilm formation in spacecraft. This was tested on the International Space Station (ISS) in an experiment a few years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg\" alt=\"International Space Station\" class=\"wp-image-122370\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA special slipper coating on pipes inside the ISS can help astronauts keep safe from microbial biofilms. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/international-space-station-in-2022-in-outer-space-iss-floating-on-orbit-of-earth-gm1362967310-434707465?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edima_zel/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, a similarly slippery coating helps remove the last ounce of toothpaste from the tube. Varanasi\u0026#8217;s company also provides the coating for that, saving you pennies every month.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eHigh performance, delivered\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNearly a century ago, the jet engine was invented, but without \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-coating-reduces-fatberg-build-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003especialized coatings\u003c/a\u003e, it wouldn\u0026#8217;t fly around as easily as it does today. While the principle of a jet engine is straightforward, the engineering isn\u0026#8217;t.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHot air from the engine\u0026#8217;s exhaust often reaches temperatures above 1,832 Fahrenheit (1,000 degrees Celsius). At these temperatures, the engine\u0026#8217;s metal should melt, shutting down operations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, a ceramic coating on the metal allows it to continue operation. Now, researchers are working to improve the coating even further. Just a 30 degree Celsius increase in temperatures inside the engine can deliver eight percent of fuel savings, reducing costs and carbon emissions simultaneously, a \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e report\u003c/a\u003e said. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA UK-based company is developing coatings for moving components in satellites. The challenge is tougher because the coatings need to withstand normal atmospheric conditions during pre-launch and intense radiation and dust particles when in orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-cheap-iron-coating-camouflages-military-jets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eslippery coating\u003c/a\u003e made from silicon carbide is helping companies save millions every year. Large-scale and powerful industrial machinery is prone to wear and tear. However, in the case of aluminum manufacturing and repair, this can demand retooling every two days.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA US-based machine and supply firm spent $4.5 million a year rebuilding its roller tools to work with aluminum. With a coating, the tool needs rebuilding only once a week, and costs have shrunk to less than a third now, the BBC report added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYet, we haven\u0026#8217;t fully explored this area, and much remains to be discovered and applied. When engineering seems to hit its limits, coatings always manage to deliver a way out.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"72:T4b5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMostly seamless in their presence, these coatings help make our lives simpler, more efficient, and safer. Not just on Earth, but they also prevent astronauts from falling sick.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-astronauts-and-toothpastes\"\u003eAstronauts and toothpastes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen bacteria grow together on a surface, they secrete small molecules that form a film to help their populations thrive. These films, known as biofilms, can contain toxins that prevent other organisms from growing and make humans extremely sick if ingested.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn low-gravity environments such as spacecraft, bacteria grow at an accelerated pace, and so do biofilms. Left unchecked, these films can contaminate water supplies. In worst-case scenarios, they can also cause mechanical failures, risking astronaut health and safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA research team led by Kripa Varanasi, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), has developed a slippery coating using solid materials and a lubricant that prevents biofilm formation in spacecraft. This was tested on the International Space Station (ISS) in an experiment a few years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"73:T9f9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg\" alt=\"International Space Station\" class=\"wp-image-122370\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA special slipper coating on pipes inside the ISS can help astronauts keep safe from microbial biofilms. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/international-space-station-in-2022-in-outer-space-iss-floating-on-orbit-of-earth-gm1362967310-434707465?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edima_zel/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, a similarly slippery coating helps remove the last ounce of toothpaste from the tube. Varanasi\u0026#8217;s company also provides the coating for that, saving you pennies every month.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eHigh performance, delivered\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNearly a century ago, the jet engine was invented, but without \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-coating-reduces-fatberg-build-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003especialized coatings\u003c/a\u003e, it wouldn\u0026#8217;t fly around as easily as it does today. While the principle of a jet engine is straightforward, the engineering isn\u0026#8217;t.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHot air from the engine\u0026#8217;s exhaust often reaches temperatures above 1,832 Fahrenheit (1,000 degrees Celsius). At these temperatures, the engine\u0026#8217;s metal should melt, shutting down operations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, a ceramic coating on the metal allows it to continue operation. Now, researchers are working to improve the coating even further. Just a 30 degree Celsius increase in temperatures inside the engine can deliver eight percent of fuel savings, reducing costs and carbon emissions simultaneously, a \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e report\u003c/a\u003e said. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"74:T479,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA UK-based company is developing coatings for moving components in satellites. The challenge is tougher because the coatings need to withstand normal atmospheric conditions during pre-launch and intense radiation and dust particles when in orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-cheap-iron-coating-camouflages-military-jets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eslippery coating\u003c/a\u003e made from silicon carbide is helping companies save millions every year. Large-scale and powerful industrial machinery is prone to wear and tear. However, in the case of aluminum manufacturing and repair, this can demand retooling every two days.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA US-based machine and supply firm spent $4.5 million a year rebuilding its roller tools to work with aluminum. With a coating, the tool needs rebuilding only once a week, and costs have shrunk to less than a third now, the BBC report added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYet, we haven\u0026#8217;t fully explored this area, and much remains to be discovered and applied. When engineering seems to hit its limits, coatings always manage to deliver a way out.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"75:T187c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWhy Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. Explore the latest in technology!\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Watch Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. Explore the latest in technology!\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:26:12+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Pelin Sener\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/2e7bce260673749b0a8c3258639b0608\"},\"headline\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T13:25:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T13:26:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\"},\"wordCount\":83,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\",\"name\":\"Why Tesla's Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T13:25:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T13:26:12+00:00\",\"description\":\"Watch Why Tesla's Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. Explore the latest in technology!\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"76:T1b7a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eThe Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#039;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#039;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For over a century, the Panama Canal has defined global trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Now, Mexico\u0026#039;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:58:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"565\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"406\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/d2e1ddbaa255c54b9f13b61223f7ed65\"},\"headline\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T13:24:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T13:58:06+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\"},\"wordCount\":742,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\",\"name\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico's quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T13:24:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T13:58:06+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\",\"width\":565,\"height\":406},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"77:T1680,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has stood as a monumental conduit for maritime trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Yet, nestled in southern Mexico, another ambitious pathway, the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, seeks to challenge this maritime supremacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eImagined long before the Panama Canal was completed, this corridor has been a dream laden with both risk and ruin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBacked by a $5 billion investment, this corridor promises to transform how the world moves goods. Embroiled in controversy, environmental debates, and even marred by incidents of violence, this project stands at a critical juncture. Will it redefine global trade networks, or will it falter under the weight of its historical ambitions?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiscover in-depth insights and stories behind this monumental project in our detailed premium video for IE+ subscribers. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/subscribe?plan=personal-annualy\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSubscribe to watch today for only $1.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-strategic-impact-of-the-interoceanic-corridor-on-global-logistics\"\u003eThe strategic impact of the Interoceanic Corridor on global logistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePositioned in Mexico\u0026#8217;s narrowest strip between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it aims to outpace the congested Panama Canal through upgraded rail networks, highways, and ports. At its core, the corridor promises to create numerous jobs and stimulate economic activity in historically overlooked regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Economic Zones along the route offer attractive incentives, such as tax exemptions, making it a magnet for the automotive and technology industries. These zones are set to transform the corridor into a bustling industrial hub, enticing global brands to establish operations and invest in Latin America\u0026#8217;s future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we witness the unfolding of this grand venture, it is poised not only to enhance Mexico\u0026#8217;s position in global logistics but also to impact international trade dynamics significantly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-mexico-s-interoceanic-corridor-is-taking-shape\"\u003eHow Mexico\u0026#8217;s Interoceanic Corridor is taking shape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA significant milestone was reached on December 22, 2023, with the inauguration of \u0026#8216;Line Z\u0026#8217; of the Interoceanic Railway Mexico\u0026#8217;s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. This 192-mile (309-km) line, stretching from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, integrates advanced machinery and technology, such as Ballast Regulators, to ensure stability and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the corridor develops, it is expected to handle up to a million containers annually, demonstrating its potential to become a vital alternative to the Panama Canal. The construction alone aims to generate around 15,000 jobs, improving the local economy significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur video offers visual insights into the construction and technological advancements that drive this project, allowing viewers to examine how these elements come together to form a cohesive and functional trade route.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-historical-journey-of-the-tehuantepec-route\"\u003eThe historical journey of the Tehuantepec route\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe quest to connect these oceans through Tehuantepec carries a fascinating legacy. The Panama Canal\u0026#8217;s story is particularly illustrative, beginning with a French endeavor in the late 19th century led by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the architect of the Suez Canal. His ambitious project faltered disastrously due to severe engineering obstacles and the debilitating impact of the tropical environment, leading to significant human and financial losses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the French efforts, the Kingdom of Scotland\u0026#8217;s Darien Scheme aimed to establish a colony and trade route in Panama during the late 1600s. This scheme tragically ended due to harsh conditions and isolation, exacerbating Scotland\u0026#8217;s economic woes and influencing its political future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese historical episodes paved the way for the successful American completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, utilizing then-modern engineering and medical advancements to navigate formidable logistical challenges and reshape global maritime trade routes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn parallel, historical figures like Hernán Cortés in the 16th century also recognized the potential of Mexico\u0026#8217;s Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a strategic link between two major oceans. Although Cortés\u0026#8217; initial proposals did not come to fruition, the idea persisted, underscoring the region\u0026#8217;s geographic and strategic significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environmental-and-social-stakes-in-the-interoceanic-corridor-project\"\u003eEnvironmental and social stakes in the Interoceanic Corridor project\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday\u0026#8217;s project faces its challenges. Environmental sustainability remains crucial as the corridor traverses some of Mexico\u0026#8217;s most biodiverse regions. The construction and ongoing operation of the corridor pose potential threats to these ecosystems, raising critical questions about conservation and environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndigenous communities along the route face potential upheavals to traditional lifestyles. Balancing economic development with cultural heritage and environmental conservation requires careful consideration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs Mexico stands at the threshold of realizing a centuries-old dream, the question remains: What price are we willing to pay for progress?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur exclusive video takes you behind the scenes of this transformative project, offering a detailed analysis of the corridor\u0026#8217;s global impact and in-depth technical insights.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"78:T5b8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBacked by a $5 billion investment, this corridor promises to transform how the world moves goods. Embroiled in controversy, environmental debates, and even marred by incidents of violence, this project stands at a critical juncture. Will it redefine global trade networks, or will it falter under the weight of its historical ambitions?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiscover in-depth insights and stories behind this monumental project in our detailed premium video for IE+ subscribers. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/subscribe?plan=personal-annualy\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSubscribe to watch today for only $1.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-strategic-impact-of-the-interoceanic-corridor-on-global-logistics\"\u003eThe strategic impact of the Interoceanic Corridor on global logistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePositioned in Mexico\u0026#8217;s narrowest strip between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it aims to outpace the congested Panama Canal through upgraded rail networks, highways, and ports. At its core, the corridor promises to create numerous jobs and stimulate economic activity in historically overlooked regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Economic Zones along the route offer attractive incentives, such as tax exemptions, making it a magnet for the automotive and technology industries. These zones are set to transform the corridor into a bustling industrial hub, enticing global brands to establish operations and invest in Latin America\u0026#8217;s future.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"79:T4e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we witness the unfolding of this grand venture, it is poised not only to enhance Mexico\u0026#8217;s position in global logistics but also to impact international trade dynamics significantly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-mexico-s-interoceanic-corridor-is-taking-shape\"\u003eHow Mexico\u0026#8217;s Interoceanic Corridor is taking shape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA significant milestone was reached on December 22, 2023, with the inauguration of \u0026#8216;Line Z\u0026#8217; of the Interoceanic Railway Mexico\u0026#8217;s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. This 192-mile (309-km) line, stretching from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, integrates advanced machinery and technology, such as Ballast Regulators, to ensure stability and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the corridor develops, it is expected to handle up to a million containers annually, demonstrating its potential to become a vital alternative to the Panama Canal. The construction alone aims to generate around 15,000 jobs, improving the local economy significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur video offers visual insights into the construction and technological advancements that drive this project, allowing viewers to examine how these elements come together to form a cohesive and functional trade route.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7a:T499,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-historical-journey-of-the-tehuantepec-route\"\u003eThe historical journey of the Tehuantepec route\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe quest to connect these oceans through Tehuantepec carries a fascinating legacy. The Panama Canal\u0026#8217;s story is particularly illustrative, beginning with a French endeavor in the late 19th century led by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the architect of the Suez Canal. His ambitious project faltered disastrously due to severe engineering obstacles and the debilitating impact of the tropical environment, leading to significant human and financial losses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the French efforts, the Kingdom of Scotland\u0026#8217;s Darien Scheme aimed to establish a colony and trade route in Panama during the late 1600s. This scheme tragically ended due to harsh conditions and isolation, exacerbating Scotland\u0026#8217;s economic woes and influencing its political future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese historical episodes paved the way for the successful American completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, utilizing then-modern engineering and medical advancements to navigate formidable logistical challenges and reshape global maritime trade routes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7b:T44f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn parallel, historical figures like Hernán Cortés in the 16th century also recognized the potential of Mexico\u0026#8217;s Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a strategic link between two major oceans. Although Cortés\u0026#8217; initial proposals did not come to fruition, the idea persisted, underscoring the region\u0026#8217;s geographic and strategic significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environmental-and-social-stakes-in-the-interoceanic-corridor-project\"\u003eEnvironmental and social stakes in the Interoceanic Corridor project\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday\u0026#8217;s project faces its challenges. Environmental sustainability remains crucial as the corridor traverses some of Mexico\u0026#8217;s most biodiverse regions. The construction and ongoing operation of the corridor pose potential threats to these ecosystems, raising critical questions about conservation and environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndigenous communities along the route face potential upheavals to traditional lifestyles. Balancing economic development with cultural heritage and environmental conservation requires careful consideration.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7c:T228e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"},\"wordCount\":523,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"caption\":\"Yi Yang, a postdoctoral fellow co-advised by Ted Sargent and Mercouri Kanatzidis, is first author of the study which improves the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Perovskite\",\"Perovskite efficiency\",\"Perovskite Solar Cells\",\"protective coating\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"name\":\"New solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\",\"description\":\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Yi Yang, a postdoctoral fellow co-advised by Ted Sargent and Mercouri Kanatzidis, is first author of the study which improves the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7d:T1274,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new protective coating has significantly increased the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Northwestern University scientists, the coating also extends the life of perovskite solar cells. Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7e:T579,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7f:T532,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"80:T559,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"81:T1f88,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:56:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/04d17e51bc5c6742dc3271715a1d33e1\"},\"headline\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T10:56:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"},\"wordCount\":661,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"caption\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Physics\",\"thermal energy\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"name\":\"New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T10:56:03+00:00\",\"description\":\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"251\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"82:T1922,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eBatteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eextra solar\u003c/a\u003e or wind power when it\u0026#8217;s available and supplying it during peak demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTES systems\u003c/a\u003e. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econverts heat \u003c/a\u003einto electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter\"\u003eThe significance of a good thermal emitter\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal emitters\u003c/a\u003e, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators\"\u003eAn innovation with talking resonators\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etungsten\u003c/a\u003e to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emost useful photons\u003c/a\u003e for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHopefully, the new thermal emitter will make \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal energy storage\u003c/a\u003e highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Nanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"83:T651,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eextra solar\u003c/a\u003e or wind power when it\u0026#8217;s available and supplying it during peak demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTES systems\u003c/a\u003e. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econverts heat \u003c/a\u003einto electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter\"\u003eThe significance of a good thermal emitter\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"84:T4fa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal emitters\u003c/a\u003e, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"85:T7d5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators\"\u003eAn innovation with talking resonators\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etungsten\u003c/a\u003e to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emost useful photons\u003c/a\u003e for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"86:T1fd2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eHow vaporizing plastics could save a failing recycling industry\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A new catalytic process, developed by scientists at UC Berkeley, tackles one of the main problems with traditional plastic recycling today.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How vaporizing plastics could save a failing recycling industry\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A new catalytic process, developed by scientists at UC Berkeley, tackles one of the main problems with traditional plastic recycling today.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T07:09:01+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T07:14:31+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Chris Young\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Chris Young\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/99e7d13d21e76ff8ef080551eb758778\"},\"headline\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-23T07:09:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-23T07:14:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\"},\"wordCount\":1308,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\",\"caption\":\"An artist's render of plastic waste in the ocean.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"plastic\",\"plastic recycling\",\"polypropylene\",\"Recycling\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\",\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\",\"name\":\"How vaporizing plastics could save a failing recycling industry\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-23T07:09:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-23T07:14:31+00:00\",\"description\":\"A new catalytic process, developed by scientists at UC Berkeley, tackles one of the main problems with traditional plastic recycling today.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"An artist's render of plastic waste in the ocean.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/z39v6l6neGo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"152\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-23T07:09:01+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"87:T26b3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA team of scientists from University of California, Berkeley, has developed a new method for breaking plastics down into their original building blocks. This could unlock a new highly-efficient recycling industry that produces valuable plastics and reduces the need to derive them from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem with recycling methods today is that they collect and combine plastics with different chemical architectures to create weaker, less useful plastics.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The biggest problem is that there are hundreds of different types of these plastics with different lengths of [carbon atom] chains and distribution of lengths of the chains, etc.,” said John Hartwig, professor of chemistry at UC Berkeley who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq7316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enew study\u003c/a\u003e, in an interview with \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Each of these is made for specific purposes, like a yogurt container or the inside of a car door, from the same monomer but with a different chemical architecture to give different properties,” he continued. “When those are mixed and melted and used to reform a new object, it does not have the properties of either the yogurt container or the car door.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-plastic-waste-and-traditional-recycling\"\u003ePlastic waste and traditional recycling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlastic waste is a well-known problem all over the globe. Despite best efforts, it has become uncontrollable. According to a United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/everything-you-need-know-about-plastic-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereport\u003c/a\u003e, approximately 430 million tons of plastic is produced yearly. Almost half of that ends up in a landfill, while 22% is mismanaged and ends up in the natural environment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is largely down to the fact the world reached \u003ca href=\"https://www.packaginginsights.com/news/plastic-overshoot-day-annual-global-waste-production-set-to-outpace-management-by-220-million-tons.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePlastic Overshoot Day\u003c/a\u003e on September 5. That is, the day in the year when plastic waste surpasses the capability of waste management systems to handle the massive amounts produced.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem isn’t going away any time soon and we are in dire need of more effective solutions. According to Hartwig and his team, it would be unwise to completely turn our back on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e. Instead, we should make sure we can retain its value throughout the recycling process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Plastics are fantastic materials,” Hartwig told IE. “They are much lighter than glass or metal but can have enough strength. They are more pliable than glass. One would not wrap food to preserve it in glass and ship and store the food in glass, for example. It even uses less energy and water to produce than paper.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The issue with plastic is that it lasts a long time and is difficult to recycle,” he continued. “Paper, glass and aluminum are easier to recycle, although this recycling, particularly of glass, uses a lot of energy.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHartwig and his team set out to develop a method that would conserve the original value of virgin plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene, which are widely used for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-pollution-ocean-floor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastic bags\u003c/a\u003e and hard plastic packaging, respectively. They devised a catalytic process that essentially vaporizes these plastics, converting them into hydrocarbon gases. These can then be used to manufacture virgin plastics from scratch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-chemical-recycling\"\u003eChemical recycling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new method solves a key problems of traditional recycling: the diminishing returns related to the quality of plastic produced. Typically, plastics created via recycling won’t be reused for the same plastic packaging and containers found in supermarkets—such as for yogurts, milk cartons, and plastic bags. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn fact, some argue that the word \u0026#8216;recycle\u0026#8217; is a misnomer, and the most widely used process should really be called \u0026#8216;downcycling\u0026#8217;. Bottles and supermarket goods, for example, are often turned into plastic trays and carpeting, and can’t be reused to create the same single-use products.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Plastics are currently recycled by mechanical recycling,” Hartwig said. “By this method, plastics of a similar type are combined and reprocessed to make something new. However, the properties are deteriorated by mechanical recycling, so the value of the material produced is much lower.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHartwig and his team’s method addresses this problem. If it delivers on the promise, it could finally create a truly circular economy for valuable plastics. The method, called chemical recycling, breaks the chemical bonds in polymer chains to allow for the creation of new virgin plastics. Unlike traditional recycling, the process of plastic creation happens from scratch. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In the best-case scenario, polymer chains are broken to recreate the monomer from which the polymer was made,” Hartwig explained. “In our work, we found a way to cleave carbon-carbon bonds to form a single product that can be used to make new plastics. Thus, one can envision chemically recycling polyethylene and polypropylene to make the monomers from which new plastics with the original properties could be made.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Plastics to Building Blocks\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/z39v6l6neGo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-like-deconstructing-a-metal-chain\"\u003eLike deconstructing a metal chain\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo devise their new method, Hartwig and his team built on one of their own studies from 2022. In that paper, they outlined a new process using a catalyst to break long polyethylene (PE) polymers into uniform chunks. The three-carbon molecule propylene chunks created in the process are the building blocks for high-value plastics, such as polypropylene.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs part of their latest research, Hartwig and team demonstrated they could deconstruct the bonds in both polyethylene and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-bioplastic-degrades-faster-than-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolypropylene\u003c/a\u003e to make a single product. Moreover, they could do this using catalysts that are cheap and commercially available. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir process cracks the chain at 320°C and leaves a reactive carbon-carbon double bond. The catalyst then uses that double bond in a reaction with ethylene, which contains two carbon atoms. This attaches one carbon atom to the end to make propylene, containing three carbon atoms, leaving a chain that is once carbon atom shorter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Hartwig, “this happens to each of the roughly thousand carbon atoms in the chain to leave nothing behind by the catalyst and emits propylene gas.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In non-chemical terms, I like to compare it to deconstructing a metal chain,” he said. “First, we cleave the chain in the middle with a catalyst and leave at the ends a reactive unit—a carbon-carbon double bond. In the chain analogy this would be an open link. Then a catalyst will remove that open link by attaching it to a new one.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By doing so, the next chain link is left open. The catalyst can then attach that open chain link at the end to a new chain,” Hartwig continued. “Alternatively, one can compare it to taking apart a pearl necklace. In this analogy, the chain is broken in the middle, allowing the pearls to be removed one at a time. In the process of removing them, they are attached to two new pearls to make new units of three pearls.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-when-will-we-see-the-new-circular-economy\"\u003eWhen will we see the new circular economy?\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, Hartwig and his team’s new process could lead to a massive reduction in the amount of new plastics produced. Over time, this would reduce the vast amount of fossil fuels used to create new plastics. It would also prevent a lot of plastics from ending up in landfills and a lot of chemical waste—produced by traditional recycling methods—from going into the atmosphere. The method could also substantially reduce existing waste, as this would become a source for valuable new plastics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough, it may be a while before the new method starts operating on an industrial scale. According to Hartwig, “one could envision being able to increase the scale of the reaction by improvements in the catalyst and in the engineering of reactors. [However], the timescale and probability of it becoming commercialized is too hard to predict.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s not to say his team isn’t looking to take their method to the next phase. While Hartwig emphasizes the fact that “large chemical processes do take time to translate to commercial scale,” he is hopeful that his team will get there eventually. “We have applied to funding sources to bridge this gap between discovery and commercialization,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"88:T5c6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The biggest problem is that there are hundreds of different types of these plastics with different lengths of [carbon atom] chains and distribution of lengths of the chains, etc.,” said John Hartwig, professor of chemistry at UC Berkeley who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq7316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enew study\u003c/a\u003e, in an interview with \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Each of these is made for specific purposes, like a yogurt container or the inside of a car door, from the same monomer but with a different chemical architecture to give different properties,” he continued. “When those are mixed and melted and used to reform a new object, it does not have the properties of either the yogurt container or the car door.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-plastic-waste-and-traditional-recycling\"\u003ePlastic waste and traditional recycling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlastic waste is a well-known problem all over the globe. Despite best efforts, it has become uncontrollable. According to a United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/everything-you-need-know-about-plastic-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereport\u003c/a\u003e, approximately 430 million tons of plastic is produced yearly. Almost half of that ends up in a landfill, while 22% is mismanaged and ends up in the natural environment.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"89:T594,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is largely down to the fact the world reached \u003ca href=\"https://www.packaginginsights.com/news/plastic-overshoot-day-annual-global-waste-production-set-to-outpace-management-by-220-million-tons.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePlastic Overshoot Day\u003c/a\u003e on September 5. That is, the day in the year when plastic waste surpasses the capability of waste management systems to handle the massive amounts produced.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem isn’t going away any time soon and we are in dire need of more effective solutions. According to Hartwig and his team, it would be unwise to completely turn our back on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e. Instead, we should make sure we can retain its value throughout the recycling process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Plastics are fantastic materials,” Hartwig told IE. “They are much lighter than glass or metal but can have enough strength. They are more pliable than glass. One would not wrap food to preserve it in glass and ship and store the food in glass, for example. It even uses less energy and water to produce than paper.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The issue with plastic is that it lasts a long time and is difficult to recycle,” he continued. “Paper, glass and aluminum are easier to recycle, although this recycling, particularly of glass, uses a lot of energy.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8a:T4f8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHartwig and his team set out to develop a method that would conserve the original value of virgin plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene, which are widely used for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-pollution-ocean-floor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastic bags\u003c/a\u003e and hard plastic packaging, respectively. They devised a catalytic process that essentially vaporizes these plastics, converting them into hydrocarbon gases. These can then be used to manufacture virgin plastics from scratch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-chemical-recycling\"\u003eChemical recycling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new method solves a key problems of traditional recycling: the diminishing returns related to the quality of plastic produced. Typically, plastics created via recycling won’t be reused for the same plastic packaging and containers found in supermarkets—such as for yogurts, milk cartons, and plastic bags. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn fact, some argue that the word \u0026#8216;recycle\u0026#8217; is a misnomer, and the most widely used process should really be called \u0026#8216;downcycling\u0026#8217;. Bottles and supermarket goods, for example, are often turned into plastic trays and carpeting, and can’t be reused to create the same single-use products.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8b:T46c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Plastics are currently recycled by mechanical recycling,” Hartwig said. “By this method, plastics of a similar type are combined and reprocessed to make something new. However, the properties are deteriorated by mechanical recycling, so the value of the material produced is much lower.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHartwig and his team’s method addresses this problem. If it delivers on the promise, it could finally create a truly circular economy for valuable plastics. The method, called chemical recycling, breaks the chemical bonds in polymer chains to allow for the creation of new virgin plastics. Unlike traditional recycling, the process of plastic creation happens from scratch. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In the best-case scenario, polymer chains are broken to recreate the monomer from which the polymer was made,” Hartwig explained. “In our work, we found a way to cleave carbon-carbon bonds to form a single product that can be used to make new plastics. Thus, one can envision chemically recycling polyethylene and polypropylene to make the monomers from which new plastics with the original properties could be made.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8c:T6d1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Plastics to Building Blocks\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/z39v6l6neGo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-like-deconstructing-a-metal-chain\"\u003eLike deconstructing a metal chain\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo devise their new method, Hartwig and his team built on one of their own studies from 2022. In that paper, they outlined a new process using a catalyst to break long polyethylene (PE) polymers into uniform chunks. The three-carbon molecule propylene chunks created in the process are the building blocks for high-value plastics, such as polypropylene.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs part of their latest research, Hartwig and team demonstrated they could deconstruct the bonds in both polyethylene and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-bioplastic-degrades-faster-than-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolypropylene\u003c/a\u003e to make a single product. Moreover, they could do this using catalysts that are cheap and commercially available. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir process cracks the chain at 320°C and leaves a reactive carbon-carbon double bond. The catalyst then uses that double bond in a reaction with ethylene, which contains two carbon atoms. This attaches one carbon atom to the end to make propylene, containing three carbon atoms, leaving a chain that is once carbon atom shorter.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8d:T1ccc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eScientists unveil tiniest asteroid ever known from Niagara fireball event\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Astronomers have identified asteroid 2022 WJ1 as the smallest asteroid ever characterized, measuring just 16 to 27 inches in diameter.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scientists unveil tiniest asteroid ever known from Niagara fireball event\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Astronomers have identified asteroid 2022 WJ1 as the smallest asteroid ever characterized, measuring just 16 to 27 inches in diameter.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T22:45:09+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T22:45:17+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/8907e6b64d1f6042bf56b2ce5fdfcb57\"},\"headline\":\"Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T22:45:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T22:45:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\"},\"wordCount\":575,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Asteriods\",\"Earth\",\"Meteorite\",\"Scientific Research\",\"Space\",\"taurid fireballs\",\"Telescope\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\",\"name\":\"Scientists unveil tiniest asteroid ever known from Niagara fireball event\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T22:45:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T22:45:17+00:00\",\"description\":\"Astronomers have identified asteroid 2022 WJ1 as the smallest asteroid ever characterized, measuring just 16 to 27 inches in diameter.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Space\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8e:T11e2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn an international study led by Western University and Lowell Observatory, scientists have developed a pioneering approach for studying near-Earth asteroids.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis approach was demonstrated through a November 2022 fireball event that dropped meteorites in the Niagara region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research focuses on Asteroid 2022 WJ1 (WJ1), which fractured upon entering Earth’s atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy comparing Arizona-based telescopic observations with video captured by Western’s Southern Ontario Meteor Network cameras of the fireball on November 19, 2022, the team determined WJ1\u0026#8217;s composition and size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-16-inch-asteroid\"\u003e16-inch asteroid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePublished in The Planetary Science Journal, the study reveals crucial details about WJ1, the smallest asteroid characterized to date. It also establishes a new methodology for studying future impactful space objects.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis marks the first instance where telescope observations and ground camera captures have been combined to study the same astronomical body.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe size of WJ1 was assessed using the 4.3-meter Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) in Arizona. Observations indicated that the surface of WJ1 was rich in silica, suggesting a medium-to-high albedo (reflected light).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAstronomers used this reflected light to estimate its diameter, which ranges between 40 to 60 cm (16 to 27 inches), solidifying its status as the smallest recorded asteroid.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDenis Vida, an adjunct professor in physics and astronomy at Western, noted, “This is only the sixth asteroid discovered before impact.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-tech\"\u003eNew tech\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIntegrating space observation and ground-based camera monitoring confirmed that estimates of WJ1\u0026#8217;s characteristics aligned through distinct methodologies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtilizing Western’s meteor camera network, scientists captured images of the asteroid as it entered the atmosphere above London, Ontario, concluding its descent near St. Catharines, Ontario.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eData modeling from the fireball observations matched estimates from the LDT, resulting in consistent assessments of WJ1’s diameter, composition, and orbital trajectory before impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This is only the second time that an asteroid has been meaningfully characterized with telescopes prior to it impacting the Earth,” stated Teddy Kareta, a postdoctoral associate at Lowell Observatory. He emphasized the collaboration among scientists dedicated to safeguarding Earth from potential impacts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe telescopic and camera data suggest that WJ1 belongs to the S-chondrite category, consisting of stony bodies rich in silica. These objects are some of the oldest in the solar system and are the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-become-earth-temporary-moon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epredominant\u003c/a\u003e type of meteorite to land on Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKareta expressed enthusiasm about the study, stating, “This first-ever comparison between telescopic and fireball camera data is extremely exciting, meaning we’ll characterize the next asteroid to impact the Earth in even greater detail.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-smallest-ever-asteroid\"\u003eSmallest-ever asteroid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers believe that not all fragments of WJ1 burned up while entering the atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough initial searches in the Niagara region have yielded no findings, residents familiar with meteorite identification continue to look for pieces.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePhil McCausland, a Western Earth \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/god-of-chaos-asteroid-predicted-to-shake-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esciences\u003c/a\u003e adjunct professor in the Meteor Physics Group, noted that remnants that fell on land may have blended into the environment over time. However, there is still potential for future discoveries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWJ1 was first identified by the Catalina Sky Survey in Tucson, Arizona, in November 2022. Shortly after, astronomers predicted its impact on Earth within three hours, allowing them to conduct telescopic observations while the asteroid was still in space. This advanced warning facilitated accurate determinations of its entry point over the Great Lakes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestern physics and astronomy professor Paul Wiegert, a co-author of the study, witnessed the fireball’s entry. This event was historic because it was the first time observers were notified in advance to observe a natural fireball.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8f:T534,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-tech\"\u003eNew tech\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIntegrating space observation and ground-based camera monitoring confirmed that estimates of WJ1\u0026#8217;s characteristics aligned through distinct methodologies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtilizing Western’s meteor camera network, scientists captured images of the asteroid as it entered the atmosphere above London, Ontario, concluding its descent near St. Catharines, Ontario.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eData modeling from the fireball observations matched estimates from the LDT, resulting in consistent assessments of WJ1’s diameter, composition, and orbital trajectory before impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This is only the second time that an asteroid has been meaningfully characterized with telescopes prior to it impacting the Earth,” stated Teddy Kareta, a postdoctoral associate at Lowell Observatory. He emphasized the collaboration among scientists dedicated to safeguarding Earth from potential impacts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe telescopic and camera data suggest that WJ1 belongs to the S-chondrite category, consisting of stony bodies rich in silica. These objects are some of the oldest in the solar system and are the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-become-earth-temporary-moon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epredominant\u003c/a\u003e type of meteorite to land on Earth.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"90:T548,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKareta expressed enthusiasm about the study, stating, “This first-ever comparison between telescopic and fireball camera data is extremely exciting, meaning we’ll characterize the next asteroid to impact the Earth in even greater detail.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-smallest-ever-asteroid\"\u003eSmallest-ever asteroid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers believe that not all fragments of WJ1 burned up while entering the atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough initial searches in the Niagara region have yielded no findings, residents familiar with meteorite identification continue to look for pieces.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePhil McCausland, a Western Earth \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/god-of-chaos-asteroid-predicted-to-shake-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esciences\u003c/a\u003e adjunct professor in the Meteor Physics Group, noted that remnants that fell on land may have blended into the environment over time. However, there is still potential for future discoveries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWJ1 was first identified by the Catalina Sky Survey in Tucson, Arizona, in November 2022. Shortly after, astronomers predicted its impact on Earth within three hours, allowing them to conduct telescopic observations while the asteroid was still in space. This advanced warning facilitated accurate determinations of its entry point over the Great Lakes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"91:T1ba5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eA never-ending bulb sheds light on our disposable tech mindset\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about the planned shortening of product lifespans, illustrated by the enduring story of a light bulb that never goes out.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A never-ending bulb sheds light on our disposable tech mindset\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn about the planned shortening of product lifespans, illustrated by the enduring story of a light bulb that never goes out.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T22:07:01+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T22:07:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kaif Shaikh\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kaif Shaikh\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/d2e1ddbaa255c54b9f13b61223f7ed65\"},\"headline\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T22:07:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T22:07:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\"},\"wordCount\":1173,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Culture\",\"light\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Culture\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\",\"name\":\"A never-ending bulb sheds light on our disposable tech mindset\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T22:07:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T22:07:10+00:00\",\"description\":\"Learn about the planned shortening of product lifespans, illustrated by the enduring story of a light bulb that never goes out.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Everlasting Lightbulbs\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/culture\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"92:T327f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eImagine a light bulb that has been burning since 1901. Nestled in a quiet Californian fire station, the Centennial Light challenges today\u0026#8217;s disposable culture, offering a glimpse into a past where products were built to last. This historical anomaly sets the stage for a broader examination of how planned obsolescence has become embedded in the fabric of our consumer electronics industry, from light bulbs to smartphones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we explore the evolution from durable goods to disposable gadgets, we uncover this shift\u0026#8217;s economic and environmental implications and the legislative pushback it\u0026#8217;s now engendering. This narrative takes us from the Centennial Light\u0026#8217;s enduring glow to the heated debates in legislative halls worldwide, advocating for a return to durability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-light-bulb-that-outlasted-a-century\"\u003eThe light bulb that outlasted a century\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA remarkable piece of history illuminates a local fire station in the quiet town of Livermore, California. Known as the Centennial Light, this bulb has been burning for over a century, almost without interruption.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts longevity is so extraordinary that it earned a place in the Guinness Book of World Records. Originally a 60-watt bulb, its carbon filament has gradually dimmed to the equivalent of a 4-watt bulb today due to the natural degradation of its material. The bulb is encased in hand-blown glass, a testament to the craftsmanship of the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png\" alt=\"Centennial Bulb \" class=\"wp-image-122539\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCentennial Bulb located in Fire Station 6 in Livermore, CA \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dscn2286b.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Centennial Light\u0026#8217;s continuous operation, now surpassing a million hours, starkly contrasts with modern light bulbs. Today\u0026#8217;s bulbs predominantly use tungsten filaments, a shift from the carbon filaments of the past. Tungsten, introduced in the early 20th century, has a higher melting point, which allows for brighter and more efficient bulbs.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, despite these advancements, the average modern incandescent bulb does not approach the lifespan of its historic predecessors like the Centennial Light.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-phoebus-cartel-and-planned-obsolescence\"\u003eThe Phoebus Cartel and planned obsolescence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe phenomenon of short-lived light bulbs can be traced back to a pivotal meeting in 1924. In Geneva, Switzerland, executives from the world\u0026#8217;s leading light bulb manufacturers, including Philips, Osram, and General Electric (which had taken over Shelby Electric), convened to address a growing threat to their businesses: bulbs that lasted too long.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis meeting marked the formation of the Phoebus Cartel, named after the Greek god of light. The cartel\u0026#8217;s goal was straightforward but impactful: to ensure that light bulbs would not last more than 1,000 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis strategy, known as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplanned obsolescence\u003c/a\u003e, involved deliberately reducing the lifespan of light bulbs to boost continuous sales. The cartel established standards that artificially limited the durability of bulbs across the global market. Engineers who once sought to extend the lifespan of bulbs were now tasked with finding ways to shorten it, using thinner filaments and altering the bulb design to ensure compliance with the 1,000-hour lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png\" alt=\"Bulb Factory \" class=\"wp-image-122540\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003ePhoto: Siemens Corporate Archives\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe impact of the Phoebus Cartel\u0026#8217;s policies was profound. By limiting bulb life, they increased the frequency of purchases and set a precedent for manufacturing and business practices prioritizing profit over product longevity and consumer value.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the cartel dissolved in the 1930s due to external pressures and the advent of World War II, its legacy of planned obsolescence has persisted, influencing various industries and shaping consumer products to this day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar strategies can be seen in manufacturing appliances with less durable materials, automobiles with inaccessible parts, and batteries designed to degrade over time. Software companies exacerbate this trend by discontinuing support for older versions, forcing costly upgrades. Together, these practices underscore a widespread economic strategy that shapes consumer behavior and impacts environmental sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-leds-changed-the-spectrum-of-lighting\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow LEDs Changed the Spectrum of Lighting\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe revolution of light-emitting diode (LED) technology marks a significant milestone in the history of lighting. Since their invention in 1907, LEDs initially provided low power and were available only in red. However, by the 1990s, technological advancements introduced high-efficiency, multi-color LEDs that began to surpass incandescent bulbs in efficiency, transforming the lighting industry.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis evolution enabled LEDs to emit a wide spectrum of colors and achieve higher luminosity with significantly less energy consumption. The legislative landscape also played a crucial role in the widespread adoption of LED technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn Europe, stringent regulations phased out less efficient halogen and incandescent bulbs, with bans fully enforced by September 1, 2018, for halogen and earlier for incandescent bulbs on September 1, 2011. These regulations accelerated the shift toward more sustainable lighting solutions, paving the way for LED technology to dominate the market.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, LED technology is celebrated for its exceptional efficiency and longevity. Modern LED bulbs can provide up to 50,000 hours of light and boast high Color Rendering Index (CRI) values, typically around CRI98, which indicates superior light quality that closely mimics natural sunlight. These attributes have made LEDs the preferred choice not only for residential and commercial use but also for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/planned-obsolescence-environment\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eenvironmental conservation\u003c/a\u003e efforts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png\" alt=\"LED lights \" class=\"wp-image-122541\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eBright LED screens in outdoor Advertising \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://www.rawpixel.com/image/6111493\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRawpixel \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite these advancements and the legal frameworks supporting them, the specter of planned obsolescence still looms over the LED industry. Unfortunately, some LED light bulbs are designed to be intentionally short-lived to encourage consumers to buy new ones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis practice mirrors broader trends across various industries, including controversial strategies like Apple\u0026#8217;s battery management, which involved throttling the performance of older iPhones to prompt users to upgrade. These are just some examples of the ongoing challenge of balancing technological innovation with sustainable consumer practices in an industry where the potential for technological durability is often compromised to stimulate continuous consumer spending.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eThe legal battle for longer-lasting products\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe push for sustainability and consumer empowerment is crystallizing through global Right to Repair legislation, which affects a broad spectrum of industries, from consumer electronics to medical devices. Notable legislation includes New York\u0026#8217;s 2022 Digital Fair Repair Act and Colorado\u0026#8217;s 2023 Consumer Right To Repair Agricultural Equipment Act, forcing industries to reconsider their design and repair policies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png\" alt=\"Apple's Planned obsolesce \" class=\"wp-image-122542\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eDead 4th Gen iPod \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/swanksalot/842379407\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSeth Anderson/Flickr\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/big-tech-comes-under-fire-over-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCompanies like Apple\u003c/a\u003e have become infamous for their planned obsolescence strategies, often necessitating complete device replacements for issues as minor as a cracked screen. Similarly, manufacturers of gaming consoles, such as Sony and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/microsoft-has-finally-agreed-to-comply-with-the-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMicrosoft\u003c/a\u003e, design their systems to discourage user repairs, requiring costly services only they can provide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis movement extends beyond electronics, with implications for critical medical devices like pacemakers and insulin pumps, where repair restrictions can impact costs and patient outcomes. By mandating manufacturers to provide repair documentation and parts, legislation in places like the UK, France, and India aims to curb these restrictive practices, ensuring that products are both maintainable and sustainable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe choice stands clear and consequential for both policymakers and the public: maintain the status quo of quick obsolescence or push for a marketplace enriched with durable and repairable products. Such a decision will steer market practices and significantly influence our environmental strategies. The Right to Repair acts are crucial, challenging us to rethink technological practices and prioritize environmental integrity over short-term gains.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"93:T441,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we explore the evolution from durable goods to disposable gadgets, we uncover this shift\u0026#8217;s economic and environmental implications and the legislative pushback it\u0026#8217;s now engendering. This narrative takes us from the Centennial Light\u0026#8217;s enduring glow to the heated debates in legislative halls worldwide, advocating for a return to durability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-light-bulb-that-outlasted-a-century\"\u003eThe light bulb that outlasted a century\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA remarkable piece of history illuminates a local fire station in the quiet town of Livermore, California. Known as the Centennial Light, this bulb has been burning for over a century, almost without interruption.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts longevity is so extraordinary that it earned a place in the Guinness Book of World Records. Originally a 60-watt bulb, its carbon filament has gradually dimmed to the equivalent of a 4-watt bulb today due to the natural degradation of its material. The bulb is encased in hand-blown glass, a testament to the craftsmanship of the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"94:T84c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png\" alt=\"Centennial Bulb \" class=\"wp-image-122539\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCentennial Bulb located in Fire Station 6 in Livermore, CA \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dscn2286b.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Centennial Light\u0026#8217;s continuous operation, now surpassing a million hours, starkly contrasts with modern light bulbs. Today\u0026#8217;s bulbs predominantly use tungsten filaments, a shift from the carbon filaments of the past. Tungsten, introduced in the early 20th century, has a higher melting point, which allows for brighter and more efficient bulbs.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, despite these advancements, the average modern incandescent bulb does not approach the lifespan of its historic predecessors like the Centennial Light.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-phoebus-cartel-and-planned-obsolescence\"\u003eThe Phoebus Cartel and planned obsolescence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe phenomenon of short-lived light bulbs can be traced back to a pivotal meeting in 1924. In Geneva, Switzerland, executives from the world\u0026#8217;s leading light bulb manufacturers, including Philips, Osram, and General Electric (which had taken over Shelby Electric), convened to address a growing threat to their businesses: bulbs that lasted too long.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"95:T7bb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis meeting marked the formation of the Phoebus Cartel, named after the Greek god of light. The cartel\u0026#8217;s goal was straightforward but impactful: to ensure that light bulbs would not last more than 1,000 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis strategy, known as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplanned obsolescence\u003c/a\u003e, involved deliberately reducing the lifespan of light bulbs to boost continuous sales. The cartel established standards that artificially limited the durability of bulbs across the global market. Engineers who once sought to extend the lifespan of bulbs were now tasked with finding ways to shorten it, using thinner filaments and altering the bulb design to ensure compliance with the 1,000-hour lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png\" alt=\"Bulb Factory \" class=\"wp-image-122540\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003ePhoto: Siemens Corporate Archives\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe impact of the Phoebus Cartel\u0026#8217;s policies was profound. By limiting bulb life, they increased the frequency of purchases and set a precedent for manufacturing and business practices prioritizing profit over product longevity and consumer value.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"96:T4c9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the cartel dissolved in the 1930s due to external pressures and the advent of World War II, its legacy of planned obsolescence has persisted, influencing various industries and shaping consumer products to this day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar strategies can be seen in manufacturing appliances with less durable materials, automobiles with inaccessible parts, and batteries designed to degrade over time. Software companies exacerbate this trend by discontinuing support for older versions, forcing costly upgrades. Together, these practices underscore a widespread economic strategy that shapes consumer behavior and impacts environmental sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-leds-changed-the-spectrum-of-lighting\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow LEDs Changed the Spectrum of Lighting\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe revolution of light-emitting diode (LED) technology marks a significant milestone in the history of lighting. Since their invention in 1907, LEDs initially provided low power and were available only in red. However, by the 1990s, technological advancements introduced high-efficiency, multi-color LEDs that began to surpass incandescent bulbs in efficiency, transforming the lighting industry.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"97:T489,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis evolution enabled LEDs to emit a wide spectrum of colors and achieve higher luminosity with significantly less energy consumption. The legislative landscape also played a crucial role in the widespread adoption of LED technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn Europe, stringent regulations phased out less efficient halogen and incandescent bulbs, with bans fully enforced by September 1, 2018, for halogen and earlier for incandescent bulbs on September 1, 2011. These regulations accelerated the shift toward more sustainable lighting solutions, paving the way for LED technology to dominate the market.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, LED technology is celebrated for its exceptional efficiency and longevity. Modern LED bulbs can provide up to 50,000 hours of light and boast high Color Rendering Index (CRI) values, typically around CRI98, which indicates superior light quality that closely mimics natural sunlight. These attributes have made LEDs the preferred choice not only for residential and commercial use but also for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/planned-obsolescence-environment\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eenvironmental conservation\u003c/a\u003e efforts.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"98:T90d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png\" alt=\"LED lights \" class=\"wp-image-122541\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eBright LED screens in outdoor Advertising \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://www.rawpixel.com/image/6111493\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRawpixel \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite these advancements and the legal frameworks supporting them, the specter of planned obsolescence still looms over the LED industry. Unfortunately, some LED light bulbs are designed to be intentionally short-lived to encourage consumers to buy new ones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis practice mirrors broader trends across various industries, including controversial strategies like Apple\u0026#8217;s battery management, which involved throttling the performance of older iPhones to prompt users to upgrade. These are just some examples of the ongoing challenge of balancing technological innovation with sustainable consumer practices in an industry where the potential for technological durability is often compromised to stimulate continuous consumer spending.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eThe legal battle for longer-lasting products\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe push for sustainability and consumer empowerment is crystallizing through global Right to Repair legislation, which affects a broad spectrum of industries, from consumer electronics to medical devices. Notable legislation includes New York\u0026#8217;s 2022 Digital Fair Repair Act and Colorado\u0026#8217;s 2023 Consumer Right To Repair Agricultural Equipment Act, forcing industries to reconsider their design and repair policies.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"99:Ta1c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png\" alt=\"Apple's Planned obsolesce \" class=\"wp-image-122542\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eDead 4th Gen iPod \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/swanksalot/842379407\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSeth Anderson/Flickr\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/big-tech-comes-under-fire-over-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCompanies like Apple\u003c/a\u003e have become infamous for their planned obsolescence strategies, often necessitating complete device replacements for issues as minor as a cracked screen. Similarly, manufacturers of gaming consoles, such as Sony and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/microsoft-has-finally-agreed-to-comply-with-the-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMicrosoft\u003c/a\u003e, design their systems to discourage user repairs, requiring costly services only they can provide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis movement extends beyond electronics, with implications for critical medical devices like pacemakers and insulin pumps, where repair restrictions can impact costs and patient outcomes. By mandating manufacturers to provide repair documentation and parts, legislation in places like the UK, France, and India aims to curb these restrictive practices, ensuring that products are both maintainable and sustainable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe choice stands clear and consequential for both policymakers and the public: maintain the status quo of quick obsolescence or push for a marketplace enriched with durable and repairable products. Such a decision will steer market practices and significantly influence our environmental strategies. The Right to Repair acts are crucial, challenging us to rethink technological practices and prioritize environmental integrity over short-term gains.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9a:T1ceb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eGE Aerospace unveils 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"GE Aerospace has demonstrated a 1-megawatt hybrid electric propulsion system under the $5.1M ARC-STEP contract with the US Army.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GE Aerospace unveils 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"GE Aerospace has demonstrated a 1-megawatt hybrid electric propulsion system under the $5.1M ARC-STEP contract with the US Army.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T20:34:22+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T20:34:29+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/8907e6b64d1f6042bf56b2ce5fdfcb57\"},\"headline\":\"GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T20:34:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T20:34:29+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\"},\"wordCount\":580,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"Electric\",\"engine\",\"Hrdrogen-Electric Propulsion\",\"Hybrid\",\"jet propulsion\",\"US Army\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Military\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\",\"name\":\"GE Aerospace unveils 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T20:34:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T20:34:29+00:00\",\"description\":\"GE Aerospace has demonstrated a 1-megawatt hybrid electric propulsion system under the $5.1M ARC-STEP contract with the US Army.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Military\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9b:T1266,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eGE Aerospace has successfully demonstrated a one-megawatt hybrid electric propulsion system as part of a $5.1 million research and development contract with the US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Army Research Laboratory (ARL).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the Applied Research Collaborative Systematic Turboshaft Electrification Project (ARC-STEP) contract, GE Aerospace researched, developed, tested, and evaluated a megawatt (MW) class electrified power plant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis work aimed to identify and enhance technologies applicable to future Army air vehicle propulsion systems and military electrified ground vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“GE Aerospace has a nearly 50-year legacy as the powerplant for Army Aviation from the proven T700 engine to the new revolutionary T901 engine,” said John Martin, Director of Turboshaft Advanced Programs at GE Aerospace.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“ARC-STEP builds on that legacy and refines technologies along a path for hybrid electric propulsion for both the US Army and the world.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hybrid-electric-propulsion-system\"\u003eHybrid electric propulsion system\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe successful demonstration featured a CT7 turboshaft engine paired with an electric machine and power electronics produced by GE Aerospace.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the testing conducted at the GE Aerospace Research Center in Niskayuna, New York, experts from both the US Army and GE Aerospace collaborated to investigate and integrate technologies that enable the development of lightweight, efficient, reliable, and safe hybrid-electric propulsion systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe effects of hybrid electric propulsion on the efficiency and effectiveness of different platform types were also analyzed during the demonstration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It’s exciting to see the successful demonstration of ARC-STEP, which has enhanced our understanding of the potential for MW-class series hybrid systems to power future Army air and ground vehicles,” Dr. Mike Kweon, program manager of DEVCOM ARL’s Versatile Tactical Power and Propulsion Essential Research Program (VICTOR ERP), said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Often, power and propulsion systems are significant bottlenecks in advancing transformational capabilities. I look forward to seeing how ARC-STEP will shape the direction of power systems for the Army’s future air and ground vehicles.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe efforts associated with this Army contract support GE Aerospace\u0026#8217;s work in hybrid electric propulsion. This \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/cryogenic-hydrogen-electric-propulsion-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eincludes\u003c/a\u003e the Hybrid Electric Experiment (HEX) program in collaboration with Sikorsky and the NASA Electric Powertrain Flight Demonstration (EPFD) project.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal is to develop a megawatt-class integrated hybrid electric powertrain and demonstrate its flight readiness for single-aisle aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eARC-STEP, HEX, and EPFD are helping GE Aerospace continue building extensive experience with hybrid electric systems and power generation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ct7-turboshaft-engine\"\u003eCT7 turboshaft engine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGE Aerospace has highlighted the operational versatility of its CT7 family of turboshaft and turboprop engines, which are utilized globally in various aviation environments.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company notes that the CT7-2 engine, offering 2,000 shaft horsepower, is recognized for its durability, fuel efficiency, and adaptability. It serves helicopters in multiple roles, including executive transport, firefighting, and rescue missions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the CT7-8 engine family, with shaft horsepower ranging from 2,500 to 3,000, is tailored to meet the rigorous \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/blackbird-evtol-cyclorotor-propulsion-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edemands\u003c/a\u003e of modern medium-lift helicopters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis engine suits executive transport, search and rescue, passenger transport, and the oil and gas sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe efforts associated with this Army contract support GE Aerospace\u0026#8217;s work in hybrid electric propulsion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis includes the Hybrid Electric Experiment (HEX) program in collaboration with Sikorsky and the NASA Electric Powertrain Flight Demonstration (EPFD) project.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal is to develop a megawatt-class integrated hybrid electric powertrain and demonstrate its flight readiness for single-aisle aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo date, GE Aerospace has delivered over 1,500 CT7 engines, collectively accumulating 30 million flight hours, underscoring their reliability and performance in the field.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9c:T470,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis work aimed to identify and enhance technologies applicable to future Army air vehicle propulsion systems and military electrified ground vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“GE Aerospace has a nearly 50-year legacy as the powerplant for Army Aviation from the proven T700 engine to the new revolutionary T901 engine,” said John Martin, Director of Turboshaft Advanced Programs at GE Aerospace.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“ARC-STEP builds on that legacy and refines technologies along a path for hybrid electric propulsion for both the US Army and the world.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hybrid-electric-propulsion-system\"\u003eHybrid electric propulsion system\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe successful demonstration featured a CT7 turboshaft engine paired with an electric machine and power electronics produced by GE Aerospace.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the testing conducted at the GE Aerospace Research Center in Niskayuna, New York, experts from both the US Army and GE Aerospace collaborated to investigate and integrate technologies that enable the development of lightweight, efficient, reliable, and safe hybrid-electric propulsion systems.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9d:T4a6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe effects of hybrid electric propulsion on the efficiency and effectiveness of different platform types were also analyzed during the demonstration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It’s exciting to see the successful demonstration of ARC-STEP, which has enhanced our understanding of the potential for MW-class series hybrid systems to power future Army air and ground vehicles,” Dr. Mike Kweon, program manager of DEVCOM ARL’s Versatile Tactical Power and Propulsion Essential Research Program (VICTOR ERP), said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Often, power and propulsion systems are significant bottlenecks in advancing transformational capabilities. I look forward to seeing how ARC-STEP will shape the direction of power systems for the Army’s future air and ground vehicles.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe efforts associated with this Army contract support GE Aerospace\u0026#8217;s work in hybrid electric propulsion. This \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/cryogenic-hydrogen-electric-propulsion-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eincludes\u003c/a\u003e the Hybrid Electric Experiment (HEX) program in collaboration with Sikorsky and the NASA Electric Powertrain Flight Demonstration (EPFD) project.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9e:T487,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal is to develop a megawatt-class integrated hybrid electric powertrain and demonstrate its flight readiness for single-aisle aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eARC-STEP, HEX, and EPFD are helping GE Aerospace continue building extensive experience with hybrid electric systems and power generation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ct7-turboshaft-engine\"\u003eCT7 turboshaft engine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGE Aerospace has highlighted the operational versatility of its CT7 family of turboshaft and turboprop engines, which are utilized globally in various aviation environments.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company notes that the CT7-2 engine, offering 2,000 shaft horsepower, is recognized for its durability, fuel efficiency, and adaptability. It serves helicopters in multiple roles, including executive transport, firefighting, and rescue missions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the CT7-8 engine family, with shaft horsepower ranging from 2,500 to 3,000, is tailored to meet the rigorous \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/blackbird-evtol-cyclorotor-propulsion-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edemands\u003c/a\u003e of modern medium-lift helicopters. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9f:T1de8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSupersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#039;s vision for supersonic flight\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the journey of Boom Supersonic in developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#039;s vision for supersonic flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover the journey of Boom Supersonic in developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:34:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:34:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"766\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"566\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/2ff174fd7fd3b4725a23fe8d5339342f\"},\"headline\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T19:34:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T19:34:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\"},\"wordCount\":1083,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\",\"caption\":\"Blake Scholl.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Lexicon\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\",\"Transportation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\",\"name\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom's vision for supersonic flight\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T19:34:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T19:34:54+00:00\",\"description\":\"Discover the journey of Boom Supersonic in developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\",\"width\":766,\"height\":566,\"caption\":\"Blake Scholl.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a0:T2410,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn our latest \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/podcast/lexicon/xb-1-and-overture-breaking-barriers-in-air-travel-innovation\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLexicon episode\u003c/a\u003e, we sat down with \u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/blake-scholl\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBlake Scholl\u003c/a\u003e, founder and CEO of Boom Supersonic (Boom), and \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/nick-sheryka\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNick Sheryka\u003c/a\u003e, XB-1 Chief Flight Test Engineer at Boom. We discussed Boom’s journey into developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde, from its XB-1 demonstrator to its planned Overture airliner.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe title=\"Spotify Embed: XB-1 and Overture: breaking barriers in air travel innovation\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4GIwPt0bJZUbWlU9Wk5aFu?si=jXTXNnyuSVCoPr2MNseWtw\u0026#038;utm_source=oembed\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlso, check out our latest merch at \u003ca href=\"https://shop.interestingengineering.com/en-gbp/\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInteresting Engineering Shop\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-building-on-concorde-s-legacy\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding on Concorde’s legacy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny discussion on supersonic flight, like this one, inevitably has to start with the legacy left behind by the groundbreaking engineering behind the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eConcorde\u003c/a\u003e. That aircraft still has a long shadow, one that Blake openly acknowledged. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Concorde was a marvelous technical accomplishment, but it was unaffordable to passengers. A $20,000 ticket for 100 uncomfortable seats just didn’t work with the 1960s and 1970s travel demand,” he told us.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut much has changed since the days of Concorde.“We’ve had massive growth in international travel, and technology has improved dramatically,” Scholl added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs he explained, things like carbon fiber composites, advanced engine design, and digital aerodynamics have paved the way for a new generation of supersonic aircraft. “Today, we can achieve supersonic flight for about the same price as a business-class ticket,” Scholls explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boom-s-testbed-for-the-future-the-xb-1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoom’s testbed for the future: the XB-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1, affectionately nicknamed \u0026#8220;Baby Boom,\u0026#8221; is a single-seat test aircraft that serves as the precursor to the Overture airliner. Nick Sheryka, Boom’s Chief Flight Test Engineer, explained the rationale behind its design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The XB-1 was originally envisioned as a one-third scale demonstration of the airliner. It’s a stepping stone to prove our capabilities and learn where the pain points are,” he told IE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike Concorde, which relied on bespoke designs and untested concepts, Boom has leaned on proven technologies.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We didn’t invent anything new,” Blake said. “We’re using carbon fiber composites from the Boeing 787, digital stability systems used in other aircraft, and computationally optimized aerodynamics,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake explained that this pragmatic approach enables Boom to “bring these technologies together to create a supersonic jet that’s efficient, safe, and affordable.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-necessity-is-the-mother-of-all-invention\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNecessity is the mother of all invention\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1 has also taught Boom invaluable lessons about supersonic design. According to Blake, one of the most surprising insights was about low-speed performance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The hardest part of building a supersonic jet isn’t the high-speed flight—it’s the low-speed part,” he explains. The narrow wings required for supersonic efficiency make stable takeoffs and landings challenging. To address this, Boom introduced “digital stability augmentation and subtle but critical changes to the nose and wing design,” Blake said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese lessons are directly shaping the \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOverture\u003c/a\u003e. “For example, by reducing Overture’s top speed from Mach 2.2 to 1.7, we’ve made the wing much wider, which greatly improves low-speed stability,” Blake explained. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It adds 15 minutes to a transatlantic flight but makes the aircraft significantly more practical,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overture-supersonic-for-the-masses\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverture: Supersonic for the masses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the XB-1 serves as a testbed, the Overture is Boom’s vision for the future of commercial air travel. Designed for 64 passengers, it prioritizes comfort and efficiency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We essentially took the business-class cabin from a widebody jet, chopped it off, and made it go fast,” Blake told us. To this end, the goal is to deliver a seamless experience that combines speed and affordability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick elaborates on the economic potential: “Right now, tens of millions of people fly business class across the Atlantic. For the same price—or less—we’re offering twice the speed and the ability to sleep in a real bed at your destination. That’s a game-changer.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-noise-and-sustainability-challenges\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOvercoming noise and sustainability challenges\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest challenges with supersonic jets, especially Concorde, has been criticism for their environmental impact, particularly noise pollution. However, Overture (and her successors) are being specifically designed to overcome, even excel, in these areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our engines are custom-built turbofans optimized for quiet operation. They don’t have afterburners, which reduces noise by 20%,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Boom\u0026#8217;s aircraft will be compatible with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). “Overture can run on up to 100% SAF, compared to today’s planes, which max out at 50-50,” Blake highlights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom has also worked closely with agencies like the FAA on the regulatory front. “We invited them in early, showed them everything, and asked for their feedback. The result? What could take 90 days took 90 minutes,” Blake told IE.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis collaborative approach led to Boom receiving the first-ever permit for a civilian aircraft to fly supersonic over land during test flights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-the-future-has-in-store\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat the future has in store\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Boom, the Overture is just the beginning. Blake envisions a future where supersonic travel becomes routine and accessible to more people.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Imagine families connecting across oceans or kids growing up with friends on other continents,” he says. “This isn’t just about speed—it’s about creating deeper human connections,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick adds that the industry must continue to innovate. “We need to iterate. Overture 1 is just the start. Overture 2 and 3 will push the envelope further, delivering greater speed, efficiency, and accessibility,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe also highlights the importance of revisiting outdated regulations, such as the U.S. ban on supersonic flights over land. “With advancements in low-boom technology, it’s time to rethink these restrictions,” he argues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-the-impossible-possible\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaking the impossible possible\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe journey to revive supersonic travel has been anything but easy, but both Blake and Nick are optimistic. “Supersonic airline travel is inevitable,” Nick says. “It’s just a matter of hard work, and we’re heads down accomplishing that right now,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake agrees, reflecting on the broader implications of their work. “Flying used to be this magical experience—looking down at the world from a vantage point no bird could achieve. We want to bring back that sense of wonder and make it faster, greener, and better for everyone,” he said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom Supersonic is poised to transform the future of air travel, combining cutting-edge technology, environmental responsibility, and a focus on human connection. With the XB-1 paving the way and the Overture poised to take flight, the dream of supersonic passenger travel is no longer a distant vision—it’s a fast-approaching reality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs Blake puts it, “The most important thing here isn’t breaking the sound barrier—it’s breaking the time barrier. When we do that, we unlock a whole new world of possibilities.”\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a1:T7b5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn our latest \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/podcast/lexicon/xb-1-and-overture-breaking-barriers-in-air-travel-innovation\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLexicon episode\u003c/a\u003e, we sat down with \u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/blake-scholl\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBlake Scholl\u003c/a\u003e, founder and CEO of Boom Supersonic (Boom), and \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/nick-sheryka\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNick Sheryka\u003c/a\u003e, XB-1 Chief Flight Test Engineer at Boom. We discussed Boom’s journey into developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde, from its XB-1 demonstrator to its planned Overture airliner.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe title=\"Spotify Embed: XB-1 and Overture: breaking barriers in air travel innovation\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4GIwPt0bJZUbWlU9Wk5aFu?si=jXTXNnyuSVCoPr2MNseWtw\u0026#038;utm_source=oembed\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlso, check out our latest merch at \u003ca href=\"https://shop.interestingengineering.com/en-gbp/\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInteresting Engineering Shop\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-building-on-concorde-s-legacy\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding on Concorde’s legacy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny discussion on supersonic flight, like this one, inevitably has to start with the legacy left behind by the groundbreaking engineering behind the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eConcorde\u003c/a\u003e. That aircraft still has a long shadow, one that Blake openly acknowledged. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a2:T43f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Concorde was a marvelous technical accomplishment, but it was unaffordable to passengers. A $20,000 ticket for 100 uncomfortable seats just didn’t work with the 1960s and 1970s travel demand,” he told us.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut much has changed since the days of Concorde.“We’ve had massive growth in international travel, and technology has improved dramatically,” Scholl added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs he explained, things like carbon fiber composites, advanced engine design, and digital aerodynamics have paved the way for a new generation of supersonic aircraft. “Today, we can achieve supersonic flight for about the same price as a business-class ticket,” Scholls explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boom-s-testbed-for-the-future-the-xb-1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoom’s testbed for the future: the XB-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1, affectionately nicknamed \u0026#8220;Baby Boom,\u0026#8221; is a single-seat test aircraft that serves as the precursor to the Overture airliner. Nick Sheryka, Boom’s Chief Flight Test Engineer, explained the rationale behind its design.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a3:T426,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The XB-1 was originally envisioned as a one-third scale demonstration of the airliner. It’s a stepping stone to prove our capabilities and learn where the pain points are,” he told IE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike Concorde, which relied on bespoke designs and untested concepts, Boom has leaned on proven technologies.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We didn’t invent anything new,” Blake said. “We’re using carbon fiber composites from the Boeing 787, digital stability systems used in other aircraft, and computationally optimized aerodynamics,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake explained that this pragmatic approach enables Boom to “bring these technologies together to create a supersonic jet that’s efficient, safe, and affordable.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-necessity-is-the-mother-of-all-invention\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNecessity is the mother of all invention\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1 has also taught Boom invaluable lessons about supersonic design. According to Blake, one of the most surprising insights was about low-speed performance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a4:T486,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The hardest part of building a supersonic jet isn’t the high-speed flight—it’s the low-speed part,” he explains. The narrow wings required for supersonic efficiency make stable takeoffs and landings challenging. To address this, Boom introduced “digital stability augmentation and subtle but critical changes to the nose and wing design,” Blake said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese lessons are directly shaping the \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOverture\u003c/a\u003e. “For example, by reducing Overture’s top speed from Mach 2.2 to 1.7, we’ve made the wing much wider, which greatly improves low-speed stability,” Blake explained. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It adds 15 minutes to a transatlantic flight but makes the aircraft significantly more practical,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overture-supersonic-for-the-masses\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverture: Supersonic for the masses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the XB-1 serves as a testbed, the Overture is Boom’s vision for the future of commercial air travel. Designed for 64 passengers, it prioritizes comfort and efficiency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a5:T454,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We essentially took the business-class cabin from a widebody jet, chopped it off, and made it go fast,” Blake told us. To this end, the goal is to deliver a seamless experience that combines speed and affordability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick elaborates on the economic potential: “Right now, tens of millions of people fly business class across the Atlantic. For the same price—or less—we’re offering twice the speed and the ability to sleep in a real bed at your destination. That’s a game-changer.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-noise-and-sustainability-challenges\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOvercoming noise and sustainability challenges\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest challenges with supersonic jets, especially Concorde, has been criticism for their environmental impact, particularly noise pollution. However, Overture (and her successors) are being specifically designed to overcome, even excel, in these areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our engines are custom-built turbofans optimized for quiet operation. They don’t have afterburners, which reduces noise by 20%,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a6:T457,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Boom\u0026#8217;s aircraft will be compatible with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). “Overture can run on up to 100% SAF, compared to today’s planes, which max out at 50-50,” Blake highlights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom has also worked closely with agencies like the FAA on the regulatory front. “We invited them in early, showed them everything, and asked for their feedback. The result? What could take 90 days took 90 minutes,” Blake told IE.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis collaborative approach led to Boom receiving the first-ever permit for a civilian aircraft to fly supersonic over land during test flights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-the-future-has-in-store\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat the future has in store\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Boom, the Overture is just the beginning. Blake envisions a future where supersonic travel becomes routine and accessible to more people.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Imagine families connecting across oceans or kids growing up with friends on other continents,” he says. “This isn’t just about speed—it’s about creating deeper human connections,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a7:T4a0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick adds that the industry must continue to innovate. “We need to iterate. Overture 1 is just the start. Overture 2 and 3 will push the envelope further, delivering greater speed, efficiency, and accessibility,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe also highlights the importance of revisiting outdated regulations, such as the U.S. ban on supersonic flights over land. “With advancements in low-boom technology, it’s time to rethink these restrictions,” he argues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-the-impossible-possible\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaking the impossible possible\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe journey to revive supersonic travel has been anything but easy, but both Blake and Nick are optimistic. “Supersonic airline travel is inevitable,” Nick says. “It’s just a matter of hard work, and we’re heads down accomplishing that right now,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake agrees, reflecting on the broader implications of their work. “Flying used to be this magical experience—looking down at the world from a vantage point no bird could achieve. We want to bring back that sense of wonder and make it faster, greener, and better for everyone,” he said.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a8:T20fc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e90% efficient: World’s first underwater boron ramjet tested in China\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Developed by Chinese scientists for hypersonic weapons, the novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests and can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through air and water.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"90% efficient: World’s first underwater boron ramjet tested in China\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Developed by Chinese scientists for hypersonic weapons, the novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests and can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through air and water.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:30:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:37:02+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T19:30:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T19:37:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\"},\"wordCount\":470,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png\",\"caption\":\"Ramjet engine\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png\",\"keywords\":[\"boron ramjet\",\"China boron\",\"China ramjet\",\"engine\",\"Hypersonic\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Military\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\",\"name\":\"90% efficient: World’s first underwater boron ramjet tested in China\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T19:30:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T19:37:02+00:00\",\"description\":\"Developed by Chinese scientists for hypersonic weapons, the novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests and can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through air and water.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Ramjet engine\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Military\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a9:T11cd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChina has tested a powerful engine that can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through both air and water. The novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests, which were conducted in submarine mode, and met the desired requirements for practical use.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped for hypersonic weapons, the engine inhales air and water as oxidizing agents depending upon the medium, where it\u0026#8217;s being used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe engine, which is claimed to be the first of its kind, is powered by boron. The critical element is used in scramjet engines, which are supersonic combustion ramjet engines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boron-s-use-in-new-engine\"\u003eBoron\u0026#8217;s use in new engine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoron\u0026#8217;s use increases the speed of the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-diesel-engine-thermal-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emissile\u003c/a\u003e to nearly Mach 5 as it burns intensely after encountering oxygen in the air.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHowever, igniting the boron in water was challenging for the Chinese scientists. Therefore, the research team implemented a new \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/rats-enjoy-driving-tiny-cars-not-just-treats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign\u003c/a\u003e that gave the solid fuel another chance to burn and enhance the engine\u0026#8217;s efficiency.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey also optimised the injection volume of water vapour into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/hydrogen-jet-engine-design-eth-zurich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecombustion\u003c/a\u003e chamber and the ratio of other ingredients in the fuel, such as magnesium and aluminium. These active metals enable boron to burn more thoroughly in vapour. The scientists conducted the tests in a ground laboratory that simulates the underwater environment, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287475/pla-fires-worlds-first-underwater-boron-ramjet-unstoppable-anti-ship-missiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-engine-was-stable\"\u003eEngine was stable\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProfessor Huang Liya, who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381867897_Experimental_investigation_on_detonation_characteristics_of_boron-rich_gelled_propellant_in_static_premixed_combustible_gases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eproject team\u003c/a\u003e, stated that there was a bright yellow, elongated tail flame near the outlet of the engine’s nozzle.\u003cbr\u003eLiya highlighted that during the test, the engine was stable as the flame and the pressure in the afterburner remained unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eData collected by sensors showed that the engine’s exhaust jet velocity exceeded Mach 3, with a combustion efficiency of 87 per cent. When the proportion of boron fuel was increased in the fuel formula, its specific impulse reached 4,712 newton-seconds per kilogram, which is one-third more efficient than SpaceX’s latest Raptor rocket engine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287475/pla-fires-worlds-first-underwater-boron-ramjet-unstoppable-anti-ship-missiles?module=perpetual_scroll_0\u0026amp;pgtype=article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eaccording to\u003c/a\u003e SCMP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-high-energy-metalloid\"\u003eHigh-energy metalloid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe high-energy metalloid, boron, has been recognized by multiple researchers as a potential secondary energy source for liquid hydrocarbon fuel to power volume-limited propulsion devices such as ramjet and scramjet. The higher volumetric and gravimetric energetic content makes boron a more suitable candidate than other energetic particles\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVarious studies have been conducted previously to review recent advancements and challenges in adopting boron-loaded gel fuel for practical ramjet and scramjet propulsion devices.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven though \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667134423000421\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eboron\u003c/a\u003e is a potential source for improving the energy density of liquid fuel, it was not widely used in practical propulsive devices till last year primarily because the native oxide layer present in the boron inhibits ignition and combustion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, some researchers reported that the boron particles were fully burnt in the two-stage combustion, suggesting that the two-stage combustion of boron particles can be achieved by ramjet and scramjet.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"aa:T65d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe engine, which is claimed to be the first of its kind, is powered by boron. The critical element is used in scramjet engines, which are supersonic combustion ramjet engines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boron-s-use-in-new-engine\"\u003eBoron\u0026#8217;s use in new engine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoron\u0026#8217;s use increases the speed of the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-diesel-engine-thermal-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emissile\u003c/a\u003e to nearly Mach 5 as it burns intensely after encountering oxygen in the air.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHowever, igniting the boron in water was challenging for the Chinese scientists. Therefore, the research team implemented a new \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/rats-enjoy-driving-tiny-cars-not-just-treats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign\u003c/a\u003e that gave the solid fuel another chance to burn and enhance the engine\u0026#8217;s efficiency.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey also optimised the injection volume of water vapour into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/hydrogen-jet-engine-design-eth-zurich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecombustion\u003c/a\u003e chamber and the ratio of other ingredients in the fuel, such as magnesium and aluminium. These active metals enable boron to burn more thoroughly in vapour. The scientists conducted the tests in a ground laboratory that simulates the underwater environment, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287475/pla-fires-worlds-first-underwater-boron-ramjet-unstoppable-anti-ship-missiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ab:T69e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-engine-was-stable\"\u003eEngine was stable\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProfessor Huang Liya, who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381867897_Experimental_investigation_on_detonation_characteristics_of_boron-rich_gelled_propellant_in_static_premixed_combustible_gases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eproject team\u003c/a\u003e, stated that there was a bright yellow, elongated tail flame near the outlet of the engine’s nozzle.\u003cbr\u003eLiya highlighted that during the test, the engine was stable as the flame and the pressure in the afterburner remained unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eData collected by sensors showed that the engine’s exhaust jet velocity exceeded Mach 3, with a combustion efficiency of 87 per cent. When the proportion of boron fuel was increased in the fuel formula, its specific impulse reached 4,712 newton-seconds per kilogram, which is one-third more efficient than SpaceX’s latest Raptor rocket engine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287475/pla-fires-worlds-first-underwater-boron-ramjet-unstoppable-anti-ship-missiles?module=perpetual_scroll_0\u0026amp;pgtype=article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eaccording to\u003c/a\u003e SCMP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-high-energy-metalloid\"\u003eHigh-energy metalloid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe high-energy metalloid, boron, has been recognized by multiple researchers as a potential secondary energy source for liquid hydrocarbon fuel to power volume-limited propulsion devices such as ramjet and scramjet. The higher volumetric and gravimetric energetic content makes boron a more suitable candidate than other energetic particles\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ac:T1cc8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS submarines re-adopt sea-launched nukes after 32-year absence\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The US Navy is reviving nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles with a new SLCM-N initiative for its Virginia-class submarines.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US submarines re-adopt sea-launched nukes after 32-year absence\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The US Navy is reviving nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles with a new SLCM-N initiative for its Virginia-class submarines.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:46:13+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:46:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/8907e6b64d1f6042bf56b2ce5fdfcb57\"},\"headline\":\"US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T18:46:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T18:46:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\"},\"wordCount\":601,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"Missile\",\"Nuclear\",\"Nuclear missiles\",\"nuclear submarines\",\"Submarines\",\"US Navy\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Military\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\",\"name\":\"US submarines re-adopt sea-launched nukes after 32-year absence\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T18:46:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T18:46:19+00:00\",\"description\":\"The US Navy is reviving nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles with a new SLCM-N initiative for its Virginia-class submarines.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Military\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ad:T12c5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn a surprising development, the US Navy has released a Request for Information (RFI) regarding the development of a Nuclear-Armed Sea-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM-N).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe initiative aims to establish a modular and resilient cruise missile system that delivers a proportional response while ensuring essential adversary targets remain vulnerable.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal is to deploy an operational system by fiscal year 2034, with prototype tests anticipated within the next three years.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sea-launched-nuclear-cruise-missile\"\u003eSea-launched nuclear cruise missile\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N will be launched from Virginia-class attack submarines and is centered around an \u0026#8220;All Up Round\u0026#8221; (AUR) concept.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis includes an expendable booster, a nuclear-capable cruise missile, and a launch canister, allowing underwater launches from Virginia Payload Tubes (VPT) or Virginia Payload Modules (VPM).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the Navy seeks missiles that are “as modular as possible,” incorporating both software and hardware, to ensure that modifications to the missile\u0026#8217;s body or shared tactical systems don’t necessitate changes to the warhead payload interfaces or avionics related to the nuclear mission.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The open system approach is being adopted to facilitate future technical upgrades or technology enhancements as needed throughout the SLCM-N program\u0026#8217;s lifespan,” the Navy\u0026#8217;s request indicates.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States originally introduced nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles during the mid-1980s with the deployment of the TLAM-N, a nuclear variant of the Tomahawk Land-Attack Missile.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese missiles, which had a range of about 2,500 kilometers (approximately 1,550 miles), were positioned on both surface vessels and attack submarines.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-after-3-decades\"\u003eAfter 3 decades\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1991, President George H.W. Bush declared the withdrawal of all sea-based tactical nuclear weapons, resulting in the removal of TLAM-N missiles by the middle of 1992.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Navy kept the option to redeploy them on attack submarines if necessary. However, in 2010, the Obama Administration recommended decommissioning the TLAM-N system, considering it redundant in light of other available nuclear capabilities. This retirement was finalized in 2013.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 2018 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/usaf-stand-in-attack-missile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eunder\u003c/a\u003e the Trump Administration advocated for the development of a novel nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missile, now referred to as SLCM-N. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis initiative aimed to provide a \u0026#8220;non-strategic regional presence\u0026#8221; and fulfill the need for \u0026#8220;flexible and low-yield options\u0026#8221; within the US nuclear arsenal.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N was designed to enhance deterrence against regional threats and reassure US allies.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-allocation-of-funds\"\u003eAllocation of funds\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its Fiscal Year 2022 budget proposal, the Biden Administration allocated funding for the research and development of the SLCM-N.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNonetheless, the 2022 NPR suggested discontinuing the program, indicating that current capabilities were adequate to meet deterrent requirements.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite this, Congress continued to fund the SLCM-N and its associated warhead. The Fiscal Year 2024 National Defense Authorization Act required the executive branch to ensure the SLCM-N\u0026#8217;s initial \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-6th-gen-fighter-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoperational\u003c/a\u003e capability. Following this, the Administration has begun to take steps to implement the program. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSupporters of the SLCM-N contend that it provides a flexible and survivable nuclear option capable of deployment in various regions without needing to station nuclear assets on allied territories.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N would fulfill a critical role as a sea-based nuclear deterrent below the strategic level on the nuclear escalation ladder, emphasizing that the commander-in-chief should have access to such options.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar to its predecessor, the Navy\u0026#8217;s discontinued TLAM-N, the SLCM-N is envisioned as a lower-yield nuclear weapon launched from submarines that would add a new dimension to the maritime segment of the nuclear triad, allowing the United States to respond proportionately to a limited nuclear attack by an adversary.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ae:T418,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sea-launched-nuclear-cruise-missile\"\u003eSea-launched nuclear cruise missile\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N will be launched from Virginia-class attack submarines and is centered around an \u0026#8220;All Up Round\u0026#8221; (AUR) concept.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis includes an expendable booster, a nuclear-capable cruise missile, and a launch canister, allowing underwater launches from Virginia Payload Tubes (VPT) or Virginia Payload Modules (VPM).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the Navy seeks missiles that are “as modular as possible,” incorporating both software and hardware, to ensure that modifications to the missile\u0026#8217;s body or shared tactical systems don’t necessitate changes to the warhead payload interfaces or avionics related to the nuclear mission.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The open system approach is being adopted to facilitate future technical upgrades or technology enhancements as needed throughout the SLCM-N program\u0026#8217;s lifespan,” the Navy\u0026#8217;s request indicates.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"af:T4fb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States originally introduced nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles during the mid-1980s with the deployment of the TLAM-N, a nuclear variant of the Tomahawk Land-Attack Missile.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese missiles, which had a range of about 2,500 kilometers (approximately 1,550 miles), were positioned on both surface vessels and attack submarines.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-after-3-decades\"\u003eAfter 3 decades\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1991, President George H.W. Bush declared the withdrawal of all sea-based tactical nuclear weapons, resulting in the removal of TLAM-N missiles by the middle of 1992.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Navy kept the option to redeploy them on attack submarines if necessary. However, in 2010, the Obama Administration recommended decommissioning the TLAM-N system, considering it redundant in light of other available nuclear capabilities. This retirement was finalized in 2013.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 2018 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/usaf-stand-in-attack-missile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eunder\u003c/a\u003e the Trump Administration advocated for the development of a novel nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missile, now referred to as SLCM-N. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b0:T486,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis initiative aimed to provide a \u0026#8220;non-strategic regional presence\u0026#8221; and fulfill the need for \u0026#8220;flexible and low-yield options\u0026#8221; within the US nuclear arsenal.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N was designed to enhance deterrence against regional threats and reassure US allies.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-allocation-of-funds\"\u003eAllocation of funds\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its Fiscal Year 2022 budget proposal, the Biden Administration allocated funding for the research and development of the SLCM-N.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNonetheless, the 2022 NPR suggested discontinuing the program, indicating that current capabilities were adequate to meet deterrent requirements.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite this, Congress continued to fund the SLCM-N and its associated warhead. The Fiscal Year 2024 National Defense Authorization Act required the executive branch to ensure the SLCM-N\u0026#8217;s initial \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-6th-gen-fighter-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoperational\u003c/a\u003e capability. Following this, the Administration has begun to take steps to implement the program. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b1:T1e32,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eEdge of space: Meet Aurora, HALO Space’s balloon-powered capsule\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"What if your next adventure took you to the edge of space in a serene, balloon-powered ascent? HALO Space is making this dream a reality.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Edge of space: Meet Aurora, HALO Space’s balloon-powered capsule\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What if your next adventure took you to the edge of space in a serene, balloon-powered ascent? HALO Space is making this dream a reality.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:26:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:31:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/726f533151570d651a8deadcfb7d2a09\"},\"headline\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T18:26:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T18:31:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\"},\"wordCount\":1331,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"caption\":\"An image of the Aurora space capsule in flight attached to a balloon/parachute system.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Space\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\",\"name\":\"Edge of space: Meet Aurora, HALO Space’s balloon-powered capsule\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T18:26:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T18:31:21+00:00\",\"description\":\"What if your next adventure took you to the edge of space in a serene, balloon-powered ascent? HALO Space is making this dream a reality.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"An image of the Aurora space capsule in flight attached to a balloon/parachute system.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Space\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eQsgGCXdAlY\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"303\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:26:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b2:T3c15,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eHALO Space, a Spanish startup, is bringing near-space tourism closer to reality with its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/halo-space-aurora-capsule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAurora\u003c/em\u003e capsule\u003c/a\u003e. Better yet, if flying to the edge of space sounds like your dream experience, you can join a waiting list.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe stratospheric balloon system is designed to carry passengers 22 miles (35 kilometers) above the Earth\u0026#8217;s surface, offering an experience different from rocket-based space tourism.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHALO Space\u003c/em\u003e expanded its testing and assembly operations to Saudi Arabia last month, which is a significant step forward.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe move aligns with Saudi Arabia\u0026#8217;s aim to become a global leader in aerospace as part of the Vision 2030 initiative. The nation\u0026#8217;s clear skies and ample airspace make it an ideal environment for testing, according to a report by \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://spaceexplored.com/2024/10/07/halo-space-expands-testing-operations-to-saudi-arabia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSpace Explored.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering (IE\u003c/em\u003e) recently caught up with Carlos Mira (CEO) and Alberto Castrillo (CTO). We discussed the technology powering the \u003cem\u003eAurora\u003c/em\u003e space vehicle and HALO Space\u0026#8217;s plans for near-space tourism. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-aurora-capsule-vs-spacex-and-blue-origin\"\u003eThe Aurora capsule vs. SpaceX and Blue Origin\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4961\" height=\"2790\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121627\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg 4961w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4961px) 100vw, 4961px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA conceptual rendering of Earth\u0026#8217;s curvature as seen from the Aurora space capsule showcasing the near-space \u0026#8216;overview\u0026#8217; effect. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule offers a unique and serene experience compared to other space travel providers like SpaceX and Blue Origin,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo told\u003cem\u003e IE\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that, unlike companies that rely on powerful \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-of-fast-rockets-and-nuclear-propulsion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erocket propulsion\u003c/a\u003e, HALO Space uses helium balloons. These balloons gently lift the capsule into the stratosphere, and with that comes several \u0026#8220;distinctive advantages.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA tranquil ascent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Instead of the high-G forces and intense speeds typical of rocket launches, the Aurora capsule rises gradually,\u0026#8221; they said. This approach offers a peaceful journey with spectacular views of Earth\u0026#8217;s curvature and space\u0026#8217;s darkness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMira and Castillo then highlighted the sustainability aspect of the stratospheric balloon system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026#8216;Reduced carbon footprint\u0026#8217;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The use of helium balloons dramatically reduces the carbon footprint compared to rocket-based launches, making it a greener alternative for space tourism,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccessibility\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, since it avoids the physical demands of high-speed rocket travel, the Aurora capsule is accessible to a broader range of passengers. Miro and Castillo explained that this includes those who might need to be physically fit for traditional space travel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe \u0026#8216;overview effect\u0026#8217;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also mentioned that HALO Space enables passengers to enjoy what is known as the \u0026#8220;\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-overview-effect-seeing-earth-from-above-can-inspire-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoverview effect\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026#8221; They said, \u0026#8220;This is a transformative experience of viewing Earth from the edge of space—for a full hour.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Overview Effect: It will transform how you think forever\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eQsgGCXdAlY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that this duration sets HALO apart from rocket-based space tourism, where passengers typically experience this view for a few brief minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To date, fewer than 700 people have experienced this effect in space, but HALO aims to make it accessible to over 3,000 people each year,\u0026#8221; they stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-s-the-tech-making-near-space-balloon-systems-safe\"\u003eWhat\u0026#8217;s the tech making near-space balloon systems safe?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3840\" height=\"2160\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121620\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg 3840w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3840px) 100vw, 3840px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn image of the Aurora space capsule in a desert environment. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e prompted the duo to discuss the technology and safety measures to ensure a safe journey to the stratosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Safety is a top priority for HALO Space, and the Aurora capsule incorporates state-of-the-art technology to ensure a safe journey,\u0026#8221; they said.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome of the critical safety measures include multiple backup systems. They explain that the capsule is designed with redundant systems to ensure safety at all stages of the flight. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This includes redundant life support systems, communication systems, and safety mechanisms,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey then highlighted balloon and descent control. Simply put, the ascent is powered by a massive helium balloon that gradually expands as it rises into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/solar-geoengineering-sunlight-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estratosphere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;In the event of any unexpected issue, the descent can be safely controlled through a combination of precision parachutes and proprietary landing technologies,\u0026#8221; they explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e is then introduced to the advanced life support aboard the Aurora. According to Mira and Castrillo, the capsule is pressurized and climate-controlled. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures a comfortable environment for passengers while providing oxygen and maintaining optimal temperature and air pressure levels. Additionally, they highlight that the team at HALO Space has developed robust emergency protocols, and the flight is continuously monitored by a control team on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe capsule also has an emergency parachute system that can be deployed if necessary during the descent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-aurora-beyond-tourism\"\u003eAurora, beyond tourism\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4961\" height=\"2790\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121619\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg 4961w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4961px) 100vw, 4961px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA digital rendering of a view from Aurora from space. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule has significant potential beyond tourism,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo emphasized. \u0026#8220;The ability to reach near-space offers numerous opportunities for scientific research and other industries.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAtmospheric and climate studies\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, they highlighted how the stratosphere is a prime location for monitoring Earth\u0026#8217;s atmosphere and studying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/satellite-megaconstellations-surge-damage-ozone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eozone depletion\u003c/a\u003e, pollution, and weather patterns. \u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule can carry instruments to collect valuable data for climate scientists,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTechnology testing\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the near-space environment offers conditions similar to those found in space. Such conditions include low temperatures, high radiation, and near-vacuum pressures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Companies can use the Aurora capsule to test new space technologies in these conditions at a lower cost than launching satellites or rockets,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommercial applications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBusinesses in industries like telecommunications and remote sensing may also find near-space operations attractive for testing or deploying certain types of equipment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-balloons-vs-rockets-what-are-the-sustainability-benefits-of-aurora\"\u003eBalloons vs. rockets: what are the sustainability benefits of Aurora?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule offers a much more environmentally friendly approach to space tourism compared to traditional rocket-based travel,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnd here’s why.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the duo, Aurora has zero emissions during ascent. Unlike rockets, which burn massive amounts of fuel and release large quantities of CO2 and other pollutants into the atmosphere, \u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule\u0026#8217;s ascent is powered by a helium balloon, which does not generate any harmful emissions,\u0026#8221; they argued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey emphasized to \u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e that helium, an inert and non-toxic lifting agent, powers the capsule\u0026#8217;s ascent with minimal environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Especially when compared to the fuel-intensive methods used by companies like SpaceX or Blue Origin,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also claimed the Aurora capsule uses less energy overall compared to rocket-based flight. \u0026#8220;The entire journey is less energy-intensive because it avoids the massive fuel consumption required for rocket launches,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This reduces the overall carbon footprint of each flight, making HALO Space the most sustainable option for near-space tourism.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-will-near-space-tourism-evolve-in-the-future\"\u003eHow will near-space tourism evolve in the future?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Near-space tourism is on the verge of a significant transformation,\u0026#8221; the duo said. \u0026#8220;And HALO Space aims to play a pivotal role in making this frontier accessible to a broader audience.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey reasoned that unlike the current \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-first-outer-space-travel-announced-at-210000-for-12-minute-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003espace tourism market\u003c/a\u003e, which remains exclusive and expensive, HALO Space envisions a future where near-space experiences are available to many more people. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis will be due to the lower cost and lower barriers to entry compared to rocket-based options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The gentle ascent and non-rocket-based approach open the door for more inclusive space travel,\u0026#8221; they said. \u0026#8220;[This includes] those who are older, less physically fit, or seeking a less intense experience than what traditional spaceflights offer.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-at-the-forefront-of-a-new-era-in-space-exploration\"\u003e\u0026#8216;At the forefront of a new era in space exploration\u0026#8217;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHALO Space will democratize near-space access by offering more frequent and affordable flights. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that it pioneers new uses for near-space technology in research and commercial applications while leading the way in sustainable space tourism with its non-fuel technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;HALO Space is at the forefront of a new era in space exploration, where the dream of experiencing the overview effect is no longer limited to astronauts or the super-wealthy,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey argued that by focusing on accessibility, sustainability, and safety, HALO Space opens the door to new possibilities for space tourism, scientific discovery, and commercial innovation. \u0026#8220;Our goal is not just to take passengers on an unforgettable journey but to inspire a deeper connection to the planet and our place in the universe,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo concluded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We believe that the Aurora capsule offers not just an adventure, but a transformative experience that will forever change how people see the world.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b3:Ta87,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe move aligns with Saudi Arabia\u0026#8217;s aim to become a global leader in aerospace as part of the Vision 2030 initiative. The nation\u0026#8217;s clear skies and ample airspace make it an ideal environment for testing, according to a report by \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://spaceexplored.com/2024/10/07/halo-space-expands-testing-operations-to-saudi-arabia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSpace Explored.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering (IE\u003c/em\u003e) recently caught up with Carlos Mira (CEO) and Alberto Castrillo (CTO). We discussed the technology powering the \u003cem\u003eAurora\u003c/em\u003e space vehicle and HALO Space\u0026#8217;s plans for near-space tourism. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-aurora-capsule-vs-spacex-and-blue-origin\"\u003eThe Aurora capsule vs. SpaceX and Blue Origin\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4961\" height=\"2790\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121627\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg 4961w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4961px) 100vw, 4961px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA conceptual rendering of Earth\u0026#8217;s curvature as seen from the Aurora space capsule showcasing the near-space \u0026#8216;overview\u0026#8217; effect. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule offers a unique and serene experience compared to other space travel providers like SpaceX and Blue Origin,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo told\u003cem\u003e IE\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that, unlike companies that rely on powerful \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-of-fast-rockets-and-nuclear-propulsion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erocket propulsion\u003c/a\u003e, HALO Space uses helium balloons. These balloons gently lift the capsule into the stratosphere, and with that comes several \u0026#8220;distinctive advantages.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b4:Tc5d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe \u0026#8216;overview effect\u0026#8217;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also mentioned that HALO Space enables passengers to enjoy what is known as the \u0026#8220;\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-overview-effect-seeing-earth-from-above-can-inspire-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoverview effect\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026#8221; They said, \u0026#8220;This is a transformative experience of viewing Earth from the edge of space—for a full hour.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Overview Effect: It will transform how you think forever\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eQsgGCXdAlY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that this duration sets HALO apart from rocket-based space tourism, where passengers typically experience this view for a few brief minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To date, fewer than 700 people have experienced this effect in space, but HALO aims to make it accessible to over 3,000 people each year,\u0026#8221; they stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-s-the-tech-making-near-space-balloon-systems-safe\"\u003eWhat\u0026#8217;s the tech making near-space balloon systems safe?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3840\" height=\"2160\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121620\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg 3840w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3840px) 100vw, 3840px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn image of the Aurora space capsule in a desert environment. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e prompted the duo to discuss the technology and safety measures to ensure a safe journey to the stratosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Safety is a top priority for HALO Space, and the Aurora capsule incorporates state-of-the-art technology to ensure a safe journey,\u0026#8221; they said.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b5:T534,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome of the critical safety measures include multiple backup systems. They explain that the capsule is designed with redundant systems to ensure safety at all stages of the flight. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This includes redundant life support systems, communication systems, and safety mechanisms,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey then highlighted balloon and descent control. Simply put, the ascent is powered by a massive helium balloon that gradually expands as it rises into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/solar-geoengineering-sunlight-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estratosphere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;In the event of any unexpected issue, the descent can be safely controlled through a combination of precision parachutes and proprietary landing technologies,\u0026#8221; they explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e is then introduced to the advanced life support aboard the Aurora. According to Mira and Castrillo, the capsule is pressurized and climate-controlled. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures a comfortable environment for passengers while providing oxygen and maintaining optimal temperature and air pressure levels. Additionally, they highlight that the team at HALO Space has developed robust emergency protocols, and the flight is continuously monitored by a control team on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b6:T80f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe capsule also has an emergency parachute system that can be deployed if necessary during the descent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-aurora-beyond-tourism\"\u003eAurora, beyond tourism\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4961\" height=\"2790\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121619\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg 4961w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4961px) 100vw, 4961px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA digital rendering of a view from Aurora from space. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule has significant potential beyond tourism,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo emphasized. \u0026#8220;The ability to reach near-space offers numerous opportunities for scientific research and other industries.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAtmospheric and climate studies\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, they highlighted how the stratosphere is a prime location for monitoring Earth\u0026#8217;s atmosphere and studying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/satellite-megaconstellations-surge-damage-ozone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eozone depletion\u003c/a\u003e, pollution, and weather patterns. \u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule can carry instruments to collect valuable data for climate scientists,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b7:T466,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommercial applications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBusinesses in industries like telecommunications and remote sensing may also find near-space operations attractive for testing or deploying certain types of equipment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-balloons-vs-rockets-what-are-the-sustainability-benefits-of-aurora\"\u003eBalloons vs. rockets: what are the sustainability benefits of Aurora?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule offers a much more environmentally friendly approach to space tourism compared to traditional rocket-based travel,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnd here’s why.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the duo, Aurora has zero emissions during ascent. Unlike rockets, which burn massive amounts of fuel and release large quantities of CO2 and other pollutants into the atmosphere, \u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule\u0026#8217;s ascent is powered by a helium balloon, which does not generate any harmful emissions,\u0026#8221; they argued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey emphasized to \u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e that helium, an inert and non-toxic lifting agent, powers the capsule\u0026#8217;s ascent with minimal environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b8:T4f4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Especially when compared to the fuel-intensive methods used by companies like SpaceX or Blue Origin,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also claimed the Aurora capsule uses less energy overall compared to rocket-based flight. \u0026#8220;The entire journey is less energy-intensive because it avoids the massive fuel consumption required for rocket launches,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This reduces the overall carbon footprint of each flight, making HALO Space the most sustainable option for near-space tourism.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-will-near-space-tourism-evolve-in-the-future\"\u003eHow will near-space tourism evolve in the future?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Near-space tourism is on the verge of a significant transformation,\u0026#8221; the duo said. \u0026#8220;And HALO Space aims to play a pivotal role in making this frontier accessible to a broader audience.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey reasoned that unlike the current \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-first-outer-space-travel-announced-at-210000-for-12-minute-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003espace tourism market\u003c/a\u003e, which remains exclusive and expensive, HALO Space envisions a future where near-space experiences are available to many more people. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b9:T437,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis will be due to the lower cost and lower barriers to entry compared to rocket-based options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The gentle ascent and non-rocket-based approach open the door for more inclusive space travel,\u0026#8221; they said. \u0026#8220;[This includes] those who are older, less physically fit, or seeking a less intense experience than what traditional spaceflights offer.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-at-the-forefront-of-a-new-era-in-space-exploration\"\u003e\u0026#8216;At the forefront of a new era in space exploration\u0026#8217;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHALO Space will democratize near-space access by offering more frequent and affordable flights. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that it pioneers new uses for near-space technology in research and commercial applications while leading the way in sustainable space tourism with its non-fuel technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;HALO Space is at the forefront of a new era in space exploration, where the dream of experiencing the overview effect is no longer limited to astronauts or the super-wealthy,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ba:T1f4d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s first fully robotic double lung transplant performed at NYU\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"NYU Langone performs the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant, marking a breakthrough in minimally invasive surgical care.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World’s first fully robotic double lung transplant performed at NYU\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NYU Langone performs the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant, marking a breakthrough in minimally invasive surgical care.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T16:36:38+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T16:44:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T16:36:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T16:44:06+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\"},\"wordCount\":561,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Both lungs were transplanted using robotic techniques.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"AI\",\"Autonomous Surgery\",\"da Vinci\",\"Lung Transplant\",\"Lungs\",\"Machine Learning\",\"NYU Langone\",\"organ transplant\",\"robot\",\"Robotic Surgery\",\"Surgery\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Health\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\",\"name\":\"World’s first fully robotic double lung transplant performed at NYU\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T16:36:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T16:44:06+00:00\",\"description\":\"NYU Langone performs the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant, marking a breakthrough in minimally invasive surgical care.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Both lungs were transplanted using robotic techniques.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Health\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/health\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ELq6-9jQgeU\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"205\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-22T16:36:38+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bb:T17e7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eNew York University (NYU) Langone Health achieved a medical milestone by performing the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA 57-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) underwent a double lung transplant using the da Vinci Xi robotic system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSmall incisions between the ribs allowed the robotic system to remove each lung, prepare the surgical site, and implant the new lungs. Both lungs were successfully transplanted entirely with robotic techniques.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the team, the procedure showcases a breakthrough in robotic surgery and advances minimally invasive care.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advancing-lung-surgery\"\u003eAdvancing lung surgery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn October 22, 2024, a double lung transplant was performed on Cheryl Mehrkar, four days after she was added to the transplant list following months of evaluation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosed with COPD at 43, she inherited a genetic predisposition to lung disease, and her condition worsened after contracting COVID-19 in 2022. An adventurous individual, she was a scuba divemaster, avid motorcyclist, and karate black belt, operating a dojo with her husband for over 20 years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHealth challenges led her to retire from teaching karate, but she continued serving her community as a volunteer emergency medical technician with the Union Vale Fire Department in Dutchess County, New York, where she remains active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg\" alt=\"World's first fully robotic double lung transplant patient, Cheryl Mehrkar, with husband Shahin and surgeon Stephanie Chang.\" class=\"wp-image-122453\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eWorld\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant patient, Cheryl Mehrkar, with husband Shahin and surgeon Stephanie Chang.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By using these robotic systems, we aim to reduce the impact this major surgery has on patients, limit their postoperative pain, and give them the best possible outcome,\u0026#8221; said Stephanie H. Chang, surgical director of the Lung Transplant Program for the NYU Langone Transplant Institute, in a \u003ca href=\"https://nyulangone.org/news/nyu-langone-performs-first-fully-robotic-lung-transplant-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA month earlier, Chang and her team at NYU had performed the nation’s first fully robotic single lung transplant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-autonomous-surgery\"\u003eAutonomous surgery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis month, a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/ai-robot-surgery-shocks-internet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobot\u003c/a\u003e trained solely by analyzing videos of experienced surgeons successfully replicated complex surgical procedures with skills comparable to human doctors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe advancement highlighted the potential of imitation learning, a method that brings robotic surgery closer to autonomy, where robots could \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-nails-surgery-lik-human-doctor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eindependently\u003c/a\u003e perform intricate procedures without human intervention.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers from Stanford University and Johns Hopkins University trained a da Vinci Surgical System robot in three basic activities: suturing, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/lab-made-muscle-with-new-laser-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etissue\u003c/a\u003e lifting, and needle handling. The robot performed these activities with human-like skill by using imitation learning, which eliminated the necessity for meticulously programming each movement for each medical procedure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is the future of surgery robotic?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ELq6-9jQgeU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKinematic data, which mathematically represents robotic motion, was combined with methods from sophisticated language models to create the training model, which included machine learning concepts. With this method, the robot was able to learn from surgical videos that were recorded by da Vinci systems\u0026#8217; wrist-mounted cameras. With over 7,000 da Vinci robots and more than 50,000 surgeons trained worldwide, there is a sizable dataset to improve this technology even more.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the da Vinci system is known for input inaccuracies, researchers overcame this by focusing on relative movements instead of absolute actions. This adjustment improved precision and adaptability, allowing the robot to generalize to new environments and tasks, such as recovering a dropped needle during surgery.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe new model streamlines robot training, enabling surgical robots to learn procedures in days rather than years. According to experts, the innovation has the potential to advance surgical autonomy, minimize errors, and enhance procedural accuracy, marking a significant leap forward in robotic medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bc:T9ff,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advancing-lung-surgery\"\u003eAdvancing lung surgery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn October 22, 2024, a double lung transplant was performed on Cheryl Mehrkar, four days after she was added to the transplant list following months of evaluation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosed with COPD at 43, she inherited a genetic predisposition to lung disease, and her condition worsened after contracting COVID-19 in 2022. An adventurous individual, she was a scuba divemaster, avid motorcyclist, and karate black belt, operating a dojo with her husband for over 20 years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHealth challenges led her to retire from teaching karate, but she continued serving her community as a volunteer emergency medical technician with the Union Vale Fire Department in Dutchess County, New York, where she remains active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg\" alt=\"World's first fully robotic double lung transplant patient, Cheryl Mehrkar, with husband Shahin and surgeon Stephanie Chang.\" class=\"wp-image-122453\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eWorld\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant patient, Cheryl Mehrkar, with husband Shahin and surgeon Stephanie Chang.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By using these robotic systems, we aim to reduce the impact this major surgery has on patients, limit their postoperative pain, and give them the best possible outcome,\u0026#8221; said Stephanie H. Chang, surgical director of the Lung Transplant Program for the NYU Langone Transplant Institute, in a \u003ca href=\"https://nyulangone.org/news/nyu-langone-performs-first-fully-robotic-lung-transplant-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA month earlier, Chang and her team at NYU had performed the nation’s first fully robotic single lung transplant.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bd:T8da,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-autonomous-surgery\"\u003eAutonomous surgery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis month, a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/ai-robot-surgery-shocks-internet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobot\u003c/a\u003e trained solely by analyzing videos of experienced surgeons successfully replicated complex surgical procedures with skills comparable to human doctors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe advancement highlighted the potential of imitation learning, a method that brings robotic surgery closer to autonomy, where robots could \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-nails-surgery-lik-human-doctor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eindependently\u003c/a\u003e perform intricate procedures without human intervention.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers from Stanford University and Johns Hopkins University trained a da Vinci Surgical System robot in three basic activities: suturing, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/lab-made-muscle-with-new-laser-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etissue\u003c/a\u003e lifting, and needle handling. The robot performed these activities with human-like skill by using imitation learning, which eliminated the necessity for meticulously programming each movement for each medical procedure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is the future of surgery robotic?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ELq6-9jQgeU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKinematic data, which mathematically represents robotic motion, was combined with methods from sophisticated language models to create the training model, which included machine learning concepts. With this method, the robot was able to learn from surgical videos that were recorded by da Vinci systems\u0026#8217; wrist-mounted cameras. With over 7,000 da Vinci robots and more than 50,000 surgeons trained worldwide, there is a sizable dataset to improve this technology even more.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"be:T206a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eStarlink\u0026#039;s rival SpaceSail to provide satellite internet in Brazil\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet service in the region.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Starlink\u0026#039;s rival SpaceSail to provide satellite internet in Brazil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet service in the region.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T15:53:33+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T15:59:16+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T15:53:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T15:59:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\"},\"wordCount\":541,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png\",\"caption\":\"Starlink internet\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Starlink rival\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\",\"name\":\"Starlink's rival SpaceSail to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T15:53:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T15:59:16+00:00\",\"description\":\"Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet service in the region.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Starlink internet\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Space\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bf:T1606,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA Chinese company is challenging dominance of Elon Musk\u0026#8217;s Starlink in the Latin American region. Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet in the region.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe firm signed an MoU with Brazil’s state-owned telecoms company Telecomunicacoes Brasileiras (Telebras) during the recent visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInitially, the plan is to study the demand for satellite internet areas where fiber optic infrastructure doesn’t work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-to-bring-satellite-based-internet-access\"\u003eSpaceSail to bring satellite-based internet access\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/modular-satellite-system-could-unlock-space-based-solar-power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e access to areas with limited connectivity by deploying its Qianfan, or “Thousand Sails”, constellation, a low-Earth orbit satellite network currently under construction that would support Brazil’s national digital inclusion policies, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBrazilian officials have reportedly been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August. SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s CEO had also met Brazilian Vice President Geraldo Alckmin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn October, officials from the Brazilian Communications Ministry SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-launches-first-reusable-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efactory\u003c/a\u003e in China.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Shanghai-based firm is expected to kick start satellite internet in Brazil in two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-elon-musk-s-open-public-dispute-with-brazilian-supreme-court\"\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt came after Elon Musk has been in an open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court, which banned the X \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/1st-ever-autonomous-satellite-swarm-navigation-in-orbit-achieved-by-stanford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatform\u003c/a\u003e for a month in August. The court maintained that the social media platform failed to refused to comply with its orders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStarlink was caught in the crossfire, as its bank accounts were frozen to ensure the payment of fines levied against X. Starlink has rapidly grown to become Brazil’s top satellite \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/super-maneuverable-satellite-unveiled\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e provider, gobbling up 47 percent of the market. It provides connectivity to roughly 224,000 customers, mostly in remote parts of the country. Starlink is essential to farmers, companies from various sectors, and indigenous communities, according to \u003ca href=\"https://brazilian.report/liveblog/politics-insider/2024/11/19/agreement-china-starlink-competitor-spacesail/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Brazilian Report\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-launched-36-satellites-into-low-earth-orbit\"\u003eSpaceSail launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail, which has launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit, is expected to have over 600 satellites in orbit by late 2025. The company\u0026#8217;s plan is to launch a network of nearly 14,000 satellites for low-latency, high-speed, and ultra-reliable satellite internet services globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, SpaceSail is in negotiations with more than 30 countries and is promoting commercial applications for its Qianfan constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQianfan is one of two Chinese megaconstellations aimed at challenging Starlink’s dominance. The other, Guowang, also known as SatNet, is being developed by China Satellite Network Group near Beijing and expected to comprise around 13,000 satellites. Construction on Guowang is set to begin soon, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/mincomunicacoes/status/1859024586857414848\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company will start its satellite internet service in 2025. It will facilitate fields such as transportation, new energy, smart cities, smart agriculture, emergency disaster relief, and low-altitude economy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShanghai Spacesail Technologies Co., Ltd. has begun business negotiations with dozens of countries to promote the global commercial application and services of its constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, China has 1,059 satellites in orbit, 492 of which are commercial satellites. By the end of June this year, 546 commercial space enterprises were registered and effectively operating in \u003ca href=\"http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinavoices/2024-11/21/content_117561027.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBrazil\u0026#8217;s deal with SpaceSail is likely aimed at warning Elon Musk and Starlink, which is the world\u0026#8217;s first and largest satellite constellation using a low Earth orbit to deliver broadband internet capable of supporting streaming, online gaming, video calls and more.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c0:Ta9f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-to-bring-satellite-based-internet-access\"\u003eSpaceSail to bring satellite-based internet access\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/modular-satellite-system-could-unlock-space-based-solar-power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e access to areas with limited connectivity by deploying its Qianfan, or “Thousand Sails”, constellation, a low-Earth orbit satellite network currently under construction that would support Brazil’s national digital inclusion policies, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBrazilian officials have reportedly been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August. SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s CEO had also met Brazilian Vice President Geraldo Alckmin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn October, officials from the Brazilian Communications Ministry SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-launches-first-reusable-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efactory\u003c/a\u003e in China.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Shanghai-based firm is expected to kick start satellite internet in Brazil in two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-elon-musk-s-open-public-dispute-with-brazilian-supreme-court\"\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt came after Elon Musk has been in an open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court, which banned the X \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/1st-ever-autonomous-satellite-swarm-navigation-in-orbit-achieved-by-stanford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatform\u003c/a\u003e for a month in August. The court maintained that the social media platform failed to refused to comply with its orders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStarlink was caught in the crossfire, as its bank accounts were frozen to ensure the payment of fines levied against X. Starlink has rapidly grown to become Brazil’s top satellite \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/super-maneuverable-satellite-unveiled\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e provider, gobbling up 47 percent of the market. It provides connectivity to roughly 224,000 customers, mostly in remote parts of the country. Starlink is essential to farmers, companies from various sectors, and indigenous communities, according to \u003ca href=\"https://brazilian.report/liveblog/politics-insider/2024/11/19/agreement-china-starlink-competitor-spacesail/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Brazilian Report\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c1:T61f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-launched-36-satellites-into-low-earth-orbit\"\u003eSpaceSail launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail, which has launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit, is expected to have over 600 satellites in orbit by late 2025. The company\u0026#8217;s plan is to launch a network of nearly 14,000 satellites for low-latency, high-speed, and ultra-reliable satellite internet services globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, SpaceSail is in negotiations with more than 30 countries and is promoting commercial applications for its Qianfan constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQianfan is one of two Chinese megaconstellations aimed at challenging Starlink’s dominance. The other, Guowang, also known as SatNet, is being developed by China Satellite Network Group near Beijing and expected to comprise around 13,000 satellites. Construction on Guowang is set to begin soon, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/mincomunicacoes/status/1859024586857414848\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company will start its satellite internet service in 2025. It will facilitate fields such as transportation, new energy, smart cities, smart agriculture, emergency disaster relief, and low-altitude economy.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c2:T1fbb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eJapan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"FAST project aims to demonstrate integrated fusion energy system that combines energy conversion, including electricity generation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"FAST project aims to demonstrate integrated fusion energy system that combines energy conversion, including electricity generation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T13:22:36+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T13:22:45+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-28.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-23T13:22:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-23T13:22:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\"},\"wordCount\":441,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-28.png\",\"caption\":\"Tokamak\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-28.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"fusion energy\",\"Nuclear Fusion\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\",\"name\":\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-28.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-23T13:22:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-23T13:22:45+00:00\",\"description\":\"FAST project aims to demonstrate integrated fusion energy system that combines energy conversion, including electricity generation.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-28.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-28.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Tokamak\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c3:T1332,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eJapan has launched the FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Fusion by Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (FAST) project aims to demonstrate an integrated fusion energy system that combines energy conversion, including electricity generation and fuel technologies, according to reports.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA tokamak configuration will be chosen under the project for its well-established data and scalability.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe project aims to address the remaining technical challenges en route to commercial fusion power plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-high-temperature-superconducting-hts-coils\"\u003eHigh-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe plan is to use the high-temperature \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esuperconducting\u003c/a\u003e (HTS) coils and select the low aspect ratio tokamak to generate high-pressure plasmas in a compact size, compared to more conventional, larger tokamaks. Reducing the device size also helps to lower manufacturing times and costs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis device will operate using novel technologies such as HTS coils, new low-activation materials, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/stellarators-fusion-research-advancement-accelerate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edeuterium\u003c/a\u003e production from seawater. FAST will be carried out in collaboration with a wide range of partners in the public and private sectors, both domestically and internationally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project includes achieving a sustained burning plasma, extracting and converting energy, demonstrating a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etritium\u003c/a\u003e fuel cycle, and ensuring system integration and safety.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;FAST is the world\u0026#8217;s first initiative to extract fusion energy from a plasma while integratively demonstrating plasma sustainment and addressing engineering challenges. The project aims to achieve the demonstration of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e energy power generation by the 2030s,\u0026#8221; claims the project in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fast-pj.com/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-power-generation-of-50-mw-to-100-mw\"\u003ePower generation of 50 MW to 100 MW\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe system aims for a power generation of 50 MW to 100 MW and a discharge duration of 1000 seconds of D-T fusion burn. High-temperature blankets enable testing of multipurpose uses for thermal power and neutrons. The device is planned to operate for a cumulative 1000 hours of full-power operation, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/japan-launches-fast-fusion-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWorld Nuclear News\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"778\" height=\"406\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image_a47086.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122685\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image_a47086.png 778w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image_a47086.png?resize=300,157 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image_a47086.png?resize=768,401 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 778px) 100vw, 778px\" /\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;FAST is an apparatus designed to conduct comprehensive technical testing related to fusion plasmas and energy generation. It will contribute not only to the development of prototypes in Japan, but also to the safe and accelerated advancement of various fusion approaches around the world,\u0026#8221; added the project in the statement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-preliminary-design-is-expected-to-be-completed-by-2025\"\u003ePreliminary design is expected to be completed by 2025\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA conceptual design team will be organised, composed of plasma researchers and power plant engineering researchers, and the preliminary design is expected to be completed by the year 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA thorough evaluation of the internal and external environment, including technology, funding, regulation and policy, will be conducted during the transition to detailed design, where a decision will be made on the feasibility of execution. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFAST aims to provide a comprehensive and unique platform to develop technologies applicable to practical fusion power plants worldwide, including demonstration devices and fusion \u003ca href=\"https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/japan-launches-fast-fusion-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epilot plants\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c4:T72a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-high-temperature-superconducting-hts-coils\"\u003eHigh-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe plan is to use the high-temperature \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esuperconducting\u003c/a\u003e (HTS) coils and select the low aspect ratio tokamak to generate high-pressure plasmas in a compact size, compared to more conventional, larger tokamaks. Reducing the device size also helps to lower manufacturing times and costs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis device will operate using novel technologies such as HTS coils, new low-activation materials, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/stellarators-fusion-research-advancement-accelerate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edeuterium\u003c/a\u003e production from seawater. FAST will be carried out in collaboration with a wide range of partners in the public and private sectors, both domestically and internationally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project includes achieving a sustained burning plasma, extracting and converting energy, demonstrating a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etritium\u003c/a\u003e fuel cycle, and ensuring system integration and safety.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;FAST is the world\u0026#8217;s first initiative to extract fusion energy from a plasma while integratively demonstrating plasma sustainment and addressing engineering challenges. The project aims to achieve the demonstration of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e energy power generation by the 2030s,\u0026#8221; claims the project in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fast-pj.com/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c5:T76a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-power-generation-of-50-mw-to-100-mw\"\u003ePower generation of 50 MW to 100 MW\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe system aims for a power generation of 50 MW to 100 MW and a discharge duration of 1000 seconds of D-T fusion burn. High-temperature blankets enable testing of multipurpose uses for thermal power and neutrons. The device is planned to operate for a cumulative 1000 hours of full-power operation, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/japan-launches-fast-fusion-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWorld Nuclear News\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"778\" height=\"406\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image_a47086.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122685\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image_a47086.png 778w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image_a47086.png?resize=300,157 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image_a47086.png?resize=768,401 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 778px) 100vw, 778px\" /\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;FAST is an apparatus designed to conduct comprehensive technical testing related to fusion plasmas and energy generation. It will contribute not only to the development of prototypes in Japan, but also to the safe and accelerated advancement of various fusion approaches around the world,\u0026#8221; added the project in the statement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-preliminary-design-is-expected-to-be-completed-by-2025\"\u003ePreliminary design is expected to be completed by 2025\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA conceptual design team will be organised, composed of plasma researchers and power plant engineering researchers, and the preliminary design is expected to be completed by the year 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c6:T2097,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Radiant Industries\u0026#039; Kaleidos microreactor completed its front-end engineering and experiment design (FEEED) phase at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL).\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Radiant Industries\u0026#039; Kaleidos microreactor completed its front-end engineering and experiment design (FEEED) phase at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL).\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T09:58:58+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T09:59:12+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-27.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"US\u0026#8217; nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-23T09:58:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-23T09:59:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\"},\"wordCount\":553,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-27.png\",\"caption\":\"Microreactor\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-27.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"microreactor\",\"Radiant\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\",\"name\":\"US microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-27.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-23T09:58:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-23T09:59:12+00:00\",\"description\":\"Radiant Industries' Kaleidos microreactor completed its front-end engineering and experiment design (FEEED) phase at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL).\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-27.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-27.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Microreactor\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"US\u0026#8217; nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c7:T15ff,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA California-based developer of microreactors has completed a critical passive cooldown demonstration of its prototype Kaleidos system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped by Radiant Industries, the Kaleidos microreactor is one of the designs that are on track to be part of a historic test at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in the world\u0026#8217;s first microreactor test bed as early as mid-2026.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe completion of its front-end engineering and experiment design (FEEED) phase at the INL is a major step to bringing the world\u0026#8217;s first factory-constructed microreactors to market.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-passive-cooldown-system\"\u003ePassive cooldown system\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe demonstration of the passive cooldown \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/small-nuclear-reactors-remote-monitoring-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esystem\u003c/a\u003e, which took place on September 17th, showcases the reactor\u0026#8217;s ability to safely shut down and cool off without power. The recent test highlighted the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereactor\u0026#8217;s\u003c/a\u003e suitability for deployment even in populated urban areas.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRadiant claims that the reactor safety system triggers a shutdown within 300 milliseconds of detecting an emergency condition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company remains on schedule to conduct a full test of the Kaleidos microreactor at the Idaho National Laboratory in 2026. This would make it the first new reactor \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-largest-nuclear-fusion-company-key-milestone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign\u003c/a\u003e to be operated in 50 years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe recent FEEED process supports developers in designing and planning for the fabrication, construction, and potential testing of fueled reactor experiments at the Demonstration of Microreactor Experiments (DOME) microreactor test bed. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company was competitively selected last year to complete the FEEED process, which includes developing a detailed schedule, budget, design, and test plan for the experiment, as well as a detailed preliminary safety report on its design to ensure safe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoperations\u003c/a\u003e during testing. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-radiant-s-fueled-reactor-test\"\u003eRadiant\u0026#8217;s fueled reactor test\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTori Shivanandan, Radiant\u0026#8217;s chief operating officer, emphasized that completing the FEEED phase is a major milestone toward their fueled \u003ca href=\"https://www.radiantnuclear.com/blog/passive-cooldown-demo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereactor\u003c/a\u003e test at INL\u0026#8217;s DOME facility.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eShivanandan highlighted \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/radiant-completes-study-first-kaleidos-microreactor-experiment#:~:text=Radiant%20Completes%20Study%20for%20First%20Kaleidos%20Microreactor%20Experiment,-November%2014%2C%202024\u0026amp;text=Rendering%20of%20the%20Radiant%20Kaleidos,Idaho%20National%20Laboratory%20(INL).\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRadiant\u0026#8217;s\u003c/a\u003e achievements during this phase, including being added to the lab\u0026#8217;s qualified supplier list, completing numerous design reviews, and submitting their Conceptual Safety Design Report, all while remaining on schedule and within budget.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;We are excited to continue partnering with the lab going forward,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/radiant-completes-study-first-kaleidos-microreactor-experiment#:~:text=Radiant%20Completes%20Study%20for%20First%20Kaleidos%20Microreactor%20Experiment,-November%2014%2C%202024\u0026amp;text=Rendering%20of%20the%20Radiant%20Kaleidos,Idaho%20National%20Laboratory%20(INL).\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e Shivanandan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company has also secured backing from the U.S. Department of Energy for Detailed Engineering and Experiment Design (DEEP).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe selection by DOE takes Radiant into the next phase of experiment design for the test of its 1 MW Kaleidos microreactor at the DOME facility, marking another significant step toward commercialization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-urgent-need-to-build-and-deploy-new-reactors\"\u003eUrgent need to build and deploy new reactors\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA critical part of Radiant’s phase two work will include developing documentation for the Preliminary Documented Safety Analysis (PDSA) and implementing critical design refinements. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDSA, representing 90% design completion, builds upon the Conceptual Safety Design Report (CSDR) and provides a comprehensive safety analysis of the reactor. These efforts position Radiant for success as it moves toward reactor testing and eventual commercial deployment, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.radiantnuclear.com/blog/deep-announcement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This award represents a major milestone in our collaboration with INL. The United States urgently needs to build and deploy new reactors, and the DOME demonstrations show the American people that this future is not just possible – it’s within our grasp,\u0026#8221; said Shivanandan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The support from the DOE and INL is instrumental in our journey to bring this game-changing clean energy solution to market and unleashing the full potential of Kaleidos, proving that together, we can make it happen.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c8:T709,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-passive-cooldown-system\"\u003ePassive cooldown system\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe demonstration of the passive cooldown \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/small-nuclear-reactors-remote-monitoring-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esystem\u003c/a\u003e, which took place on September 17th, showcases the reactor\u0026#8217;s ability to safely shut down and cool off without power. The recent test highlighted the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereactor\u0026#8217;s\u003c/a\u003e suitability for deployment even in populated urban areas.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRadiant claims that the reactor safety system triggers a shutdown within 300 milliseconds of detecting an emergency condition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company remains on schedule to conduct a full test of the Kaleidos microreactor at the Idaho National Laboratory in 2026. This would make it the first new reactor \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-largest-nuclear-fusion-company-key-milestone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign\u003c/a\u003e to be operated in 50 years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe recent FEEED process supports developers in designing and planning for the fabrication, construction, and potential testing of fueled reactor experiments at the Demonstration of Microreactor Experiments (DOME) microreactor test bed. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company was competitively selected last year to complete the FEEED process, which includes developing a detailed schedule, budget, design, and test plan for the experiment, as well as a detailed preliminary safety report on its design to ensure safe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoperations\u003c/a\u003e during testing. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c9:T78e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-radiant-s-fueled-reactor-test\"\u003eRadiant\u0026#8217;s fueled reactor test\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTori Shivanandan, Radiant\u0026#8217;s chief operating officer, emphasized that completing the FEEED phase is a major milestone toward their fueled \u003ca href=\"https://www.radiantnuclear.com/blog/passive-cooldown-demo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereactor\u003c/a\u003e test at INL\u0026#8217;s DOME facility.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eShivanandan highlighted \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/radiant-completes-study-first-kaleidos-microreactor-experiment#:~:text=Radiant%20Completes%20Study%20for%20First%20Kaleidos%20Microreactor%20Experiment,-November%2014%2C%202024\u0026amp;text=Rendering%20of%20the%20Radiant%20Kaleidos,Idaho%20National%20Laboratory%20(INL).\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRadiant\u0026#8217;s\u003c/a\u003e achievements during this phase, including being added to the lab\u0026#8217;s qualified supplier list, completing numerous design reviews, and submitting their Conceptual Safety Design Report, all while remaining on schedule and within budget.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;We are excited to continue partnering with the lab going forward,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/radiant-completes-study-first-kaleidos-microreactor-experiment#:~:text=Radiant%20Completes%20Study%20for%20First%20Kaleidos%20Microreactor%20Experiment,-November%2014%2C%202024\u0026amp;text=Rendering%20of%20the%20Radiant%20Kaleidos,Idaho%20National%20Laboratory%20(INL).\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e Shivanandan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company has also secured backing from the U.S. Department of Energy for Detailed Engineering and Experiment Design (DEEP).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe selection by DOE takes Radiant into the next phase of experiment design for the test of its 1 MW Kaleidos microreactor at the DOME facility, marking another significant step toward commercialization.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ca:T523,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-urgent-need-to-build-and-deploy-new-reactors\"\u003eUrgent need to build and deploy new reactors\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA critical part of Radiant’s phase two work will include developing documentation for the Preliminary Documented Safety Analysis (PDSA) and implementing critical design refinements. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDSA, representing 90% design completion, builds upon the Conceptual Safety Design Report (CSDR) and provides a comprehensive safety analysis of the reactor. These efforts position Radiant for success as it moves toward reactor testing and eventual commercial deployment, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.radiantnuclear.com/blog/deep-announcement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This award represents a major milestone in our collaboration with INL. The United States urgently needs to build and deploy new reactors, and the DOME demonstrations show the American people that this future is not just possible – it’s within our grasp,\u0026#8221; said Shivanandan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The support from the DOE and INL is instrumental in our journey to bring this game-changing clean energy solution to market and unleashing the full potential of Kaleidos, proving that together, we can make it happen.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cb:T228e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"},\"wordCount\":523,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"caption\":\"Yi Yang, a postdoctoral fellow co-advised by Ted Sargent and Mercouri Kanatzidis, is first author of the study which improves the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Perovskite\",\"Perovskite efficiency\",\"Perovskite Solar Cells\",\"protective coating\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"name\":\"New solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\",\"description\":\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Yi Yang, a postdoctoral fellow co-advised by Ted Sargent and Mercouri Kanatzidis, is first author of the study which improves the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cc:T1274,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new protective coating has significantly increased the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Northwestern University scientists, the coating also extends the life of perovskite solar cells. Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cd:T579,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ce:T532,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cf:T559,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d0:T2039,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:02:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:05:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T12:02:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T12:05:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\"},\"wordCount\":529,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\",\"caption\":\"The ITER vacuum vessel sustains ultra-high-temperature plasma for nuclear fusion by maintaining a high vacuum.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"France\",\"Fusion reactor\",\"International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor\",\"ITER\",\"nuclear energy\",\"South Korea\",\"Vacuum vessel\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\",\"name\":\"World’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T12:02:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T12:05:46+00:00\",\"description\":\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"The ITER vacuum vessel sustains ultra-high-temperature plasma for nuclear fusion by maintaining a high vacuum.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d1:T1769,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessel sectors for the world\u0026#8217;s largest fusion project, made in South Korea, have been delivered to the construction site in Cadarache, France.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFour of the nine vacuum vessel sectors for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) were built in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy Industries at its large shipyard in Ulsan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessels will improve radiation shielding and plasma stability by providing a high vacuum environment for the plasma. The fusion reactions will be housed in the vessel, which will also offer access to remote handling procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d2:T961,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d3:T49d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d4:T70c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d5:T1be2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eCoatings enhance performance of everyday objects, jets, and spacecraft\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"From everyday objects to those sent out in space, specialized coatings help deliver superior outcomes that regular materials can\u0026#039;t.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Coatings enhance performance of everyday objects, jets, and spacecraft\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"From everyday objects to those sent out in space, specialized coatings help deliver superior outcomes that regular materials can\u0026#039;t.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T14:59:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T14:59:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/228699245718b47295471284aabc21c5\"},\"headline\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\"},\"wordCount\":611,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\",\"name\":\"Coatings enhance performance of everyday objects, jets, and spacecraft\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:27+00:00\",\"description\":\"From everyday objects to those sent out in space, specialized coatings help deliver superior outcomes that regular materials can't.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d6:T15f6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the frying pan in the kitchen to airplanes in the sky, everything has a thin layer of coating that delivers an extra attribute that would have been impossible to achieve otherwise. These coatings are made of different materials and applied differently, but when engineering has reached its limits, coatings have always outperformed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEveryday objects, from pans and pots to cars we drive around in, have a coating for a specialized function. This could be to prevent food from sticking to them or to prevent fires from spreading rapidly. Even massive ships use special coatings to prevent marine life forms from attaching themselves to the hull and increasing friction during voyages.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMostly seamless in their presence, these coatings help make our lives simpler, more efficient, and safer. Not just on Earth, but they also prevent astronauts from falling sick.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-astronauts-and-toothpastes\"\u003eAstronauts and toothpastes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen bacteria grow together on a surface, they secrete small molecules that form a film to help their populations thrive. These films, known as biofilms, can contain toxins that prevent other organisms from growing and make humans extremely sick if ingested.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn low-gravity environments such as spacecraft, bacteria grow at an accelerated pace, and so do biofilms. Left unchecked, these films can contaminate water supplies. In worst-case scenarios, they can also cause mechanical failures, risking astronaut health and safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA research team led by Kripa Varanasi, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), has developed a slippery coating using solid materials and a lubricant that prevents biofilm formation in spacecraft. This was tested on the International Space Station (ISS) in an experiment a few years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg\" alt=\"International Space Station\" class=\"wp-image-122370\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA special slipper coating on pipes inside the ISS can help astronauts keep safe from microbial biofilms. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/international-space-station-in-2022-in-outer-space-iss-floating-on-orbit-of-earth-gm1362967310-434707465?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edima_zel/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, a similarly slippery coating helps remove the last ounce of toothpaste from the tube. Varanasi\u0026#8217;s company also provides the coating for that, saving you pennies every month.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eHigh performance, delivered\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNearly a century ago, the jet engine was invented, but without \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-coating-reduces-fatberg-build-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003especialized coatings\u003c/a\u003e, it wouldn\u0026#8217;t fly around as easily as it does today. While the principle of a jet engine is straightforward, the engineering isn\u0026#8217;t.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHot air from the engine\u0026#8217;s exhaust often reaches temperatures above 1,832 Fahrenheit (1,000 degrees Celsius). At these temperatures, the engine\u0026#8217;s metal should melt, shutting down operations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, a ceramic coating on the metal allows it to continue operation. Now, researchers are working to improve the coating even further. Just a 30 degree Celsius increase in temperatures inside the engine can deliver eight percent of fuel savings, reducing costs and carbon emissions simultaneously, a \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e report\u003c/a\u003e said. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA UK-based company is developing coatings for moving components in satellites. The challenge is tougher because the coatings need to withstand normal atmospheric conditions during pre-launch and intense radiation and dust particles when in orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-cheap-iron-coating-camouflages-military-jets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eslippery coating\u003c/a\u003e made from silicon carbide is helping companies save millions every year. Large-scale and powerful industrial machinery is prone to wear and tear. However, in the case of aluminum manufacturing and repair, this can demand retooling every two days.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA US-based machine and supply firm spent $4.5 million a year rebuilding its roller tools to work with aluminum. With a coating, the tool needs rebuilding only once a week, and costs have shrunk to less than a third now, the BBC report added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYet, we haven\u0026#8217;t fully explored this area, and much remains to be discovered and applied. When engineering seems to hit its limits, coatings always manage to deliver a way out.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d7:T4b5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMostly seamless in their presence, these coatings help make our lives simpler, more efficient, and safer. Not just on Earth, but they also prevent astronauts from falling sick.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-astronauts-and-toothpastes\"\u003eAstronauts and toothpastes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen bacteria grow together on a surface, they secrete small molecules that form a film to help their populations thrive. These films, known as biofilms, can contain toxins that prevent other organisms from growing and make humans extremely sick if ingested.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn low-gravity environments such as spacecraft, bacteria grow at an accelerated pace, and so do biofilms. Left unchecked, these films can contaminate water supplies. In worst-case scenarios, they can also cause mechanical failures, risking astronaut health and safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA research team led by Kripa Varanasi, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), has developed a slippery coating using solid materials and a lubricant that prevents biofilm formation in spacecraft. This was tested on the International Space Station (ISS) in an experiment a few years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d8:T9f9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg\" alt=\"International Space Station\" class=\"wp-image-122370\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA special slipper coating on pipes inside the ISS can help astronauts keep safe from microbial biofilms. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/international-space-station-in-2022-in-outer-space-iss-floating-on-orbit-of-earth-gm1362967310-434707465?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edima_zel/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, a similarly slippery coating helps remove the last ounce of toothpaste from the tube. Varanasi\u0026#8217;s company also provides the coating for that, saving you pennies every month.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eHigh performance, delivered\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNearly a century ago, the jet engine was invented, but without \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-coating-reduces-fatberg-build-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003especialized coatings\u003c/a\u003e, it wouldn\u0026#8217;t fly around as easily as it does today. While the principle of a jet engine is straightforward, the engineering isn\u0026#8217;t.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHot air from the engine\u0026#8217;s exhaust often reaches temperatures above 1,832 Fahrenheit (1,000 degrees Celsius). At these temperatures, the engine\u0026#8217;s metal should melt, shutting down operations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, a ceramic coating on the metal allows it to continue operation. Now, researchers are working to improve the coating even further. Just a 30 degree Celsius increase in temperatures inside the engine can deliver eight percent of fuel savings, reducing costs and carbon emissions simultaneously, a \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e report\u003c/a\u003e said. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d9:T479,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA UK-based company is developing coatings for moving components in satellites. The challenge is tougher because the coatings need to withstand normal atmospheric conditions during pre-launch and intense radiation and dust particles when in orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-cheap-iron-coating-camouflages-military-jets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eslippery coating\u003c/a\u003e made from silicon carbide is helping companies save millions every year. Large-scale and powerful industrial machinery is prone to wear and tear. However, in the case of aluminum manufacturing and repair, this can demand retooling every two days.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA US-based machine and supply firm spent $4.5 million a year rebuilding its roller tools to work with aluminum. With a coating, the tool needs rebuilding only once a week, and costs have shrunk to less than a third now, the BBC report added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYet, we haven\u0026#8217;t fully explored this area, and much remains to be discovered and applied. When engineering seems to hit its limits, coatings always manage to deliver a way out.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"da:T187c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWhy Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. Explore the latest in technology!\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Watch Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. Explore the latest in technology!\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:26:12+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Pelin Sener\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/2e7bce260673749b0a8c3258639b0608\"},\"headline\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T13:25:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T13:26:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\"},\"wordCount\":83,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\",\"name\":\"Why Tesla's Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T13:25:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T13:26:12+00:00\",\"description\":\"Watch Why Tesla's Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. Explore the latest in technology!\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"db:T1b7a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eThe Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#039;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#039;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For over a century, the Panama Canal has defined global trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Now, Mexico\u0026#039;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:58:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"565\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"406\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/d2e1ddbaa255c54b9f13b61223f7ed65\"},\"headline\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T13:24:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T13:58:06+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\"},\"wordCount\":742,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\",\"name\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico's quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T13:24:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T13:58:06+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\",\"width\":565,\"height\":406},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dc:T1680,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has stood as a monumental conduit for maritime trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Yet, nestled in southern Mexico, another ambitious pathway, the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, seeks to challenge this maritime supremacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eImagined long before the Panama Canal was completed, this corridor has been a dream laden with both risk and ruin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBacked by a $5 billion investment, this corridor promises to transform how the world moves goods. Embroiled in controversy, environmental debates, and even marred by incidents of violence, this project stands at a critical juncture. Will it redefine global trade networks, or will it falter under the weight of its historical ambitions?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiscover in-depth insights and stories behind this monumental project in our detailed premium video for IE+ subscribers. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/subscribe?plan=personal-annualy\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSubscribe to watch today for only $1.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-strategic-impact-of-the-interoceanic-corridor-on-global-logistics\"\u003eThe strategic impact of the Interoceanic Corridor on global logistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePositioned in Mexico\u0026#8217;s narrowest strip between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it aims to outpace the congested Panama Canal through upgraded rail networks, highways, and ports. At its core, the corridor promises to create numerous jobs and stimulate economic activity in historically overlooked regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Economic Zones along the route offer attractive incentives, such as tax exemptions, making it a magnet for the automotive and technology industries. These zones are set to transform the corridor into a bustling industrial hub, enticing global brands to establish operations and invest in Latin America\u0026#8217;s future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we witness the unfolding of this grand venture, it is poised not only to enhance Mexico\u0026#8217;s position in global logistics but also to impact international trade dynamics significantly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-mexico-s-interoceanic-corridor-is-taking-shape\"\u003eHow Mexico\u0026#8217;s Interoceanic Corridor is taking shape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA significant milestone was reached on December 22, 2023, with the inauguration of \u0026#8216;Line Z\u0026#8217; of the Interoceanic Railway Mexico\u0026#8217;s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. This 192-mile (309-km) line, stretching from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, integrates advanced machinery and technology, such as Ballast Regulators, to ensure stability and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the corridor develops, it is expected to handle up to a million containers annually, demonstrating its potential to become a vital alternative to the Panama Canal. The construction alone aims to generate around 15,000 jobs, improving the local economy significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur video offers visual insights into the construction and technological advancements that drive this project, allowing viewers to examine how these elements come together to form a cohesive and functional trade route.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-historical-journey-of-the-tehuantepec-route\"\u003eThe historical journey of the Tehuantepec route\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe quest to connect these oceans through Tehuantepec carries a fascinating legacy. The Panama Canal\u0026#8217;s story is particularly illustrative, beginning with a French endeavor in the late 19th century led by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the architect of the Suez Canal. His ambitious project faltered disastrously due to severe engineering obstacles and the debilitating impact of the tropical environment, leading to significant human and financial losses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the French efforts, the Kingdom of Scotland\u0026#8217;s Darien Scheme aimed to establish a colony and trade route in Panama during the late 1600s. This scheme tragically ended due to harsh conditions and isolation, exacerbating Scotland\u0026#8217;s economic woes and influencing its political future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese historical episodes paved the way for the successful American completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, utilizing then-modern engineering and medical advancements to navigate formidable logistical challenges and reshape global maritime trade routes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn parallel, historical figures like Hernán Cortés in the 16th century also recognized the potential of Mexico\u0026#8217;s Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a strategic link between two major oceans. Although Cortés\u0026#8217; initial proposals did not come to fruition, the idea persisted, underscoring the region\u0026#8217;s geographic and strategic significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environmental-and-social-stakes-in-the-interoceanic-corridor-project\"\u003eEnvironmental and social stakes in the Interoceanic Corridor project\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday\u0026#8217;s project faces its challenges. Environmental sustainability remains crucial as the corridor traverses some of Mexico\u0026#8217;s most biodiverse regions. The construction and ongoing operation of the corridor pose potential threats to these ecosystems, raising critical questions about conservation and environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndigenous communities along the route face potential upheavals to traditional lifestyles. Balancing economic development with cultural heritage and environmental conservation requires careful consideration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs Mexico stands at the threshold of realizing a centuries-old dream, the question remains: What price are we willing to pay for progress?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur exclusive video takes you behind the scenes of this transformative project, offering a detailed analysis of the corridor\u0026#8217;s global impact and in-depth technical insights.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dd:T5b8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBacked by a $5 billion investment, this corridor promises to transform how the world moves goods. Embroiled in controversy, environmental debates, and even marred by incidents of violence, this project stands at a critical juncture. Will it redefine global trade networks, or will it falter under the weight of its historical ambitions?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiscover in-depth insights and stories behind this monumental project in our detailed premium video for IE+ subscribers. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/subscribe?plan=personal-annualy\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSubscribe to watch today for only $1.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-strategic-impact-of-the-interoceanic-corridor-on-global-logistics\"\u003eThe strategic impact of the Interoceanic Corridor on global logistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePositioned in Mexico\u0026#8217;s narrowest strip between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it aims to outpace the congested Panama Canal through upgraded rail networks, highways, and ports. At its core, the corridor promises to create numerous jobs and stimulate economic activity in historically overlooked regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Economic Zones along the route offer attractive incentives, such as tax exemptions, making it a magnet for the automotive and technology industries. These zones are set to transform the corridor into a bustling industrial hub, enticing global brands to establish operations and invest in Latin America\u0026#8217;s future.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"de:T4e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we witness the unfolding of this grand venture, it is poised not only to enhance Mexico\u0026#8217;s position in global logistics but also to impact international trade dynamics significantly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-mexico-s-interoceanic-corridor-is-taking-shape\"\u003eHow Mexico\u0026#8217;s Interoceanic Corridor is taking shape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA significant milestone was reached on December 22, 2023, with the inauguration of \u0026#8216;Line Z\u0026#8217; of the Interoceanic Railway Mexico\u0026#8217;s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. This 192-mile (309-km) line, stretching from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, integrates advanced machinery and technology, such as Ballast Regulators, to ensure stability and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the corridor develops, it is expected to handle up to a million containers annually, demonstrating its potential to become a vital alternative to the Panama Canal. The construction alone aims to generate around 15,000 jobs, improving the local economy significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur video offers visual insights into the construction and technological advancements that drive this project, allowing viewers to examine how these elements come together to form a cohesive and functional trade route.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"df:T499,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-historical-journey-of-the-tehuantepec-route\"\u003eThe historical journey of the Tehuantepec route\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe quest to connect these oceans through Tehuantepec carries a fascinating legacy. The Panama Canal\u0026#8217;s story is particularly illustrative, beginning with a French endeavor in the late 19th century led by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the architect of the Suez Canal. His ambitious project faltered disastrously due to severe engineering obstacles and the debilitating impact of the tropical environment, leading to significant human and financial losses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the French efforts, the Kingdom of Scotland\u0026#8217;s Darien Scheme aimed to establish a colony and trade route in Panama during the late 1600s. This scheme tragically ended due to harsh conditions and isolation, exacerbating Scotland\u0026#8217;s economic woes and influencing its political future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese historical episodes paved the way for the successful American completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, utilizing then-modern engineering and medical advancements to navigate formidable logistical challenges and reshape global maritime trade routes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e0:T44f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn parallel, historical figures like Hernán Cortés in the 16th century also recognized the potential of Mexico\u0026#8217;s Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a strategic link between two major oceans. Although Cortés\u0026#8217; initial proposals did not come to fruition, the idea persisted, underscoring the region\u0026#8217;s geographic and strategic significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environmental-and-social-stakes-in-the-interoceanic-corridor-project\"\u003eEnvironmental and social stakes in the Interoceanic Corridor project\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday\u0026#8217;s project faces its challenges. Environmental sustainability remains crucial as the corridor traverses some of Mexico\u0026#8217;s most biodiverse regions. The construction and ongoing operation of the corridor pose potential threats to these ecosystems, raising critical questions about conservation and environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndigenous communities along the route face potential upheavals to traditional lifestyles. Balancing economic development with cultural heritage and environmental conservation requires careful consideration.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e1:T228e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"},\"wordCount\":523,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"caption\":\"Yi Yang, a postdoctoral fellow co-advised by Ted Sargent and Mercouri Kanatzidis, is first author of the study which improves the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Perovskite\",\"Perovskite efficiency\",\"Perovskite Solar Cells\",\"protective coating\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"name\":\"New solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\",\"description\":\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Yi Yang, a postdoctoral fellow co-advised by Ted Sargent and Mercouri Kanatzidis, is first author of the study which improves the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e2:T1274,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new protective coating has significantly increased the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Northwestern University scientists, the coating also extends the life of perovskite solar cells. Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e3:T579,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e4:T532,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e5:T559,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"17:[[\"$\",\"$L19\",null,{\"articleType\":\"article\",\"author\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"publishDate\":\"2024-11-22\",\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"category\":\"energy\"}],[[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-title\",\"content\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-link\",\"content\":\"http://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-type\",\"content\":\"post\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-image-url\",\"content\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg?w=150\u0026h=150\u0026crop=1\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-pub-date\",\"content\":\"2024-11-22T10:55:56Z\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-section\",\"content\":\"Energy\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-author\",\"content\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-tags\",\"content\":\"editor: energy \u0026amp; environment, physics, thermal energy\"}]],[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"type\":\"application/ld+json\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"$1a\"}}],[\"$\",\"main\",null,{\"className\":\"t-bg-surface-primary t-pt-[10px] mb:t-pt-[70px]\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L1b\",null,{\"articleData\":{\"postType\":\"energy\",\"isStaging\":true,\"content\":{\"id\":122314,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Physics\",\"thermal energy\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"thermal energy\",\"slug\":\"thermal-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/thermal-energy\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$1c\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4421,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$1d\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest cavern thermal energy storage to warm a city year-round\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eA new discovery could unlock efficient thermal storage batteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eKorean researchers develop heat-resistant material that withstands 1000°C\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:55:56\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:56:03\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:55 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:56 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"name\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"alt_text\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"description\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGustavo Raskosky/Rice University\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"description\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eBatteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$1e\",\"$1f\",\"$20\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTheir quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHopefully, the new thermal emitter will make \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003ethermal energy storage\u003c/a\u003e highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Nanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGustavo Raskosky/Rice University\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest cavern thermal energy storage to warm a city year-round\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eA new discovery could unlock efficient thermal storage batteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eKorean researchers develop heat-resistant material that withstands 1000°C\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},\"jobs\":[{\"id\":\"132280331\",\"title\":\"Senior Technology Engineer (Continuous Integration)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/senior-technology-engineer-continuous-integration-2-at-the-travelers-companies-inc-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Atlanta\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"30301\",\"state\":\"GA\",\"city\":\"Atlanta\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"The Travelers Companies, Inc.\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/the-travelers-companies-inc-2-logo-1625843449996.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$91,300 - $150,600 a year\"},{\"id\":\"132294917\",\"title\":\"Cloud Systems Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/cloud-systems-engineer-at-therapynotescom-1?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Charlotte\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":\"NC\",\"city\":\"Charlotte\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"TherapyNotes.com\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1717683288868.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$100,000 - $120,000 a year\"},{\"id\":\"133156249\",\"title\":\"Staff Software Engineer Back End (Bangkok based, relocation provided)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/staff-software-engineer-back-end-bangkok-based-relocation-provided-at-agoda-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United Kingdom\",\"address\":\"-\",\"country_short\":\"UK\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":[],\"city\":[]},\"company\":{\"name\":\"Agoda\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1722421505451.jpeg\"}},{\"id\":\"133161138\",\"title\":\"Lead Software Development Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/lead-software-development-engineer-1-at-gm-financial-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Fort Worth\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"76102\",\"state\":\"TX\",\"city\":\"Fort Worth\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"GM Financial\",\"logo\":\"https://d2q79iu7y748jz.cloudfront.net/s/_squarelogo/256x256/2c6d13e3c51cab0e72a6ac3fc67ed3d5\"}}],\"for_you\":[{\"id\":122492,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"plastic\",\"plastic recycling\",\"polypropylene\",\"Recycling\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"plastic\",\"slug\":\"plastic\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/plastic\"},{\"name\":\"plastic recycling\",\"slug\":\"plastic-recycling\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/plastic-recycling\"},{\"name\":\"polypropylene\",\"slug\":\"polypropylene\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/polypropylene\"},{\"name\":\"Recycling\",\"slug\":\"recycling\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/recycling\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$21\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eScientists at UC Berkeley have developed a new chemical recycling process that allows for plastic creation to happen from scratch.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eScientists at UC Berkeley have developed a new chemical recycling process that allows for plastic creation to happen from scratch.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":8033,\"readTime\":\"6 minutes\",\"body\":\"$22\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\\\"\u003eNew method turns plastic waste into valuable resources with vaporizing process\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\\\"\u003eFrom trash to fuel: US scientist unlocks green hydrogen potential in plastic bottles\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solarcycle-to-recycle-10-million-solar-panels-yearly\\\"\u003eUS plant plans to recycle 10 million solar panels yearly with 99% recovery\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23T07:09:01\",\"timeAgo\":\"7 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-23T07:14:31\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 02:09 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 02:14 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\",\"title\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"name\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"alt_text\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"description\":\"An artist's render of plastic waste in the ocean.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/es/foto/contaminaci%C3%B3n-del-oc%C3%A9ano-con-residuos-pl%C3%A1sticos-flotando-debajo-gm1574460400-528214017?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003elaurence soulez/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"slug\":\"chris-young\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/6UKotck4r9pz.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"chris-young\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young\",\"description\":\"Chris Young is a journalist, copywriter, blogger and tech geek at heart who\u0026rsquo;s reported on the likes of the Mobile World Congress, written for Lifehack, The Culture Trip, Flydoscope and some of the world\u0026rsquo;s biggest tech companies, including NEC and Thales, about robots, satellites and other world-changing innovations.\u0026nbsp;\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA team of scientists from University of California, Berkeley, has developed a new method for breaking plastics down into their original building blocks. This could unlock a new highly-efficient recycling industry that produces valuable plastics and reduces the need to derive them from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem with recycling methods today is that they collect and combine plastics with different chemical architectures to create weaker, less useful plastics.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$23\",\"$24\",\"$25\",\"$26\",\"$27\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Hartwig, “this happens to each of the roughly thousand carbon atoms in the chain to leave nothing behind by the catalyst and emits propylene gas.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“In non-chemical terms, I like to compare it to deconstructing a metal chain,” he said. “First, we cleave the chain in the middle with a catalyst and leave at the ends a reactive unit—a carbon-carbon double bond. In the chain analogy this would be an open link. Then a catalyst will remove that open link by attaching it to a new one.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“By doing so, the next chain link is left open. The catalyst can then attach that open chain link at the end to a new chain,” Hartwig continued. “Alternatively, one can compare it to taking apart a pearl necklace. In this analogy, the chain is broken in the middle, allowing the pearls to be removed one at a time. In the process of removing them, they are attached to two new pearls to make new units of three pearls.”\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-when-will-we-see-the-new-circular-economy\\\"\u003eWhen will we see the new circular economy?\u003c/h3\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, Hartwig and his team’s new process could lead to a massive reduction in the amount of new plastics produced. Over time, this would reduce the vast amount of fossil fuels used to create new plastics. It would also prevent a lot of plastics from ending up in landfills and a lot of chemical waste—produced by traditional recycling methods—from going into the atmosphere. The method could also substantially reduce existing waste, as this would become a source for valuable new plastics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough, it may be a while before the new method starts operating on an industrial scale. According to Hartwig, “one could envision being able to increase the scale of the reaction by improvements in the catalyst and in the engineering of reactors. [However], the timescale and probability of it becoming commercialized is too hard to predict.” \u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s not to say his team isn’t looking to take their method to the next phase. While Hartwig emphasizes the fact that “large chemical processes do take time to translate to commercial scale,” he is hopeful that his team will get there eventually. “We have applied to funding sources to bridge this gap between discovery and commercialization,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"An artist's render of plastic waste in the ocean.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/es/foto/contaminaci%C3%B3n-del-oc%C3%A9ano-con-residuos-pl%C3%A1sticos-flotando-debajo-gm1574460400-528214017?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003elaurence soulez/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\\\"\u003eNew method turns plastic waste into valuable resources with vaporizing process\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\\\"\u003eFrom trash to fuel: US scientist unlocks green hydrogen potential in plastic bottles\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solarcycle-to-recycle-10-million-solar-panels-yearly\\\"\u003eUS plant plans to recycle 10 million solar panels yearly with 99% recovery\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/post-122492-speech-20241123070916.mp3\"},{\"id\":122530,\"tags\":[\"Asteriods\",\"Earth\",\"Meteorite\",\"Scientific Research\",\"Space\",\"taurid fireballs\",\"Telescope\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Asteriods\",\"slug\":\"asteriods\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/asteriods\"},{\"name\":\"Earth\",\"slug\":\"earth\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/earth\"},{\"name\":\"Meteorite\",\"slug\":\"meteorite\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/meteorite\"},{\"name\":\"Scientific Research\",\"slug\":\"scientific-research\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/scientific-research\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"},{\"name\":\"taurid fireballs\",\"slug\":\"taurid-fireballs\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/taurid-fireballs\"},{\"name\":\"Telescope\",\"slug\":\"telescope\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/telescope\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$28\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe size of WJ1 was assessed using the 4.3-meter Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) in Arizona.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe size of WJ1 was assessed using the 4.3-meter Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) in Arizona.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4009,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$29\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/god-of-chaos-asteroid-predicted-to-shake-up\\\"\u003e‘God of chaos’ asteroid predicted to tumble, shed rocks during Earth flyby\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-become-earth-temporary-moon\\\"\u003eSatellite please: Earth to welcome a temporary asteroid mini-moon this month\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-grains-unveil-solar-systems-magnetic-past\\\"\u003eAncient asteroid grains reveal hidden magnetic past of our solar system\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T22:45:09\",\"timeAgo\":\"16 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T22:45:17\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:45 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:45 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg\",\"title\":\"Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event\",\"name\":\"Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event\",\"alt_text\":\"Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event\",\"description\":\"A timelapse image of the fireball event from start to finish. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.westernu.ca/2024/11/niagara-fireball/#:~:text=Observations%20from%20the%20LDT%20show,the%20smallest%20asteroid%20on%20record\\\"\u003eWestern Meteor Group\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn an international study led by Western University and Lowell Observatory, scientists have developed a pioneering approach for studying near-Earth asteroids.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis approach was demonstrated through a November 2022 fireball event that dropped meteorites in the Niagara region.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe research focuses on Asteroid 2022 WJ1 (WJ1), which fractured upon entering Earth’s atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBy comparing Arizona-based telescopic observations with video captured by Western’s Southern Ontario Meteor Network cameras of the fireball on November 19, 2022, the team determined WJ1\u0026#8217;s composition and size.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-16-inch-asteroid\\\"\u003e16-inch asteroid\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003ePublished in The Planetary Science Journal, the study reveals crucial details about WJ1, the smallest asteroid characterized to date. It also establishes a new methodology for studying future impactful space objects.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis marks the first instance where telescope observations and ground camera captures have been combined to study the same astronomical body.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe size of WJ1 was assessed using the 4.3-meter Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) in Arizona. Observations indicated that the surface of WJ1 was rich in silica, suggesting a medium-to-high albedo (reflected light).\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAstronomers used this reflected light to estimate its diameter, which ranges between 40 to 60 cm (16 to 27 inches), solidifying its status as the smallest recorded asteroid.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDenis Vida, an adjunct professor in physics and astronomy at Western, noted, “This is only the sixth asteroid discovered before impact.”\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$2a\",\"$2b\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWestern physics and astronomy professor Paul Wiegert, a co-author of the study, witnessed the fireball’s entry. This event was historic because it was the first time observers were notified in advance to observe a natural fireball.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A timelapse image of the fireball event from start to finish. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.westernu.ca/2024/11/niagara-fireball/#:~:text=Observations%20from%20the%20LDT%20show,the%20smallest%20asteroid%20on%20record\\\"\u003eWestern Meteor Group\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/god-of-chaos-asteroid-predicted-to-shake-up\\\"\u003e‘God of chaos’ asteroid predicted to tumble, shed rocks during Earth flyby\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-become-earth-temporary-moon\\\"\u003eSatellite please: Earth to welcome a temporary asteroid mini-moon this month\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-grains-unveil-solar-systems-magnetic-past\\\"\u003eAncient asteroid grains reveal hidden magnetic past of our solar system\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122535,\"tags\":[\"Culture\",\"light\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"light\",\"slug\":\"light\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/light\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Culture\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/culture\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$2c\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"culture\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":6,\"title\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eOur gadgets don’t get outdated; they are meant to turn obsolete.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eOur gadgets don’t get outdated; they are meant to turn obsolete.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":8146,\"readTime\":\"7 minutes\",\"body\":\"$2d\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/planned-obsolescence-environment\\\"\u003eHere’s why planned obsolescence is bad for the environment\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-right-to-repair\\\"\u003eShould You Have the Right to Repair Products You Own?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/big-tech-comes-under-fire-over-right-to-repair\\\"\u003eBig Tech Comes Under Fire Over Right to Repair\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T22:07:01\",\"timeAgo\":\"16 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T22:07:10\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:07 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:07 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":true,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png\",\"title\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"name\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"alt_text\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"description\":\"Imagine a never-ending light bulb; it's simply bad business for light shops \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.pexels.com/photo/shallow-focus-photography-of-light-bulbs-2764942/\\\"\u003eJoy Singh/Pexels\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"slug\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Untitled-22.png\",\"page_url\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2\",\"description\":\"Kaif Shaikh is a journalist and writer passionate about turning complex information into clear, impactful stories. His writing covers technology, sustainability, geopolitics, and occasionally fiction. In the digital media space, he has worked with leaders from industries as diverse as immunology, AI, SaaS, manufacturing, and even furniture. Apart from the long list of things he does outside work, he likes to read, breathe, and practice gratitude.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eImagine a light bulb that has been burning since 1901. Nestled in a quiet Californian fire station, the Centennial Light challenges today\u0026#8217;s disposable culture, offering a glimpse into a past where products were built to last. This historical anomaly sets the stage for a broader examination of how planned obsolescence has become embedded in the fabric of our consumer electronics industry, from light bulbs to smartphones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$2e\",\"$2f\",\"$30\",\"$31\",\"$32\",\"$33\",\"$34\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Imagine a never-ending light bulb; it's simply bad business for light shops \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.pexels.com/photo/shallow-focus-photography-of-light-bulbs-2764942/\\\"\u003eJoy Singh/Pexels\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/planned-obsolescence-environment\\\"\u003eHere’s why planned obsolescence is bad for the environment\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-right-to-repair\\\"\u003eShould You Have the Right to Repair Products You Own?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/big-tech-comes-under-fire-over-right-to-repair\\\"\u003eBig Tech Comes Under Fire Over Right to Repair\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122514,\"tags\":[\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"Electric\",\"engine\",\"Hrdrogen-Electric Propulsion\",\"Hybrid\",\"jet propulsion\",\"US Army\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"slug\":\"defense-military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/defense-military\"},{\"name\":\"Electric\",\"slug\":\"electric\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/electric\"},{\"name\":\"engine\",\"slug\":\"engine\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/engine\"},{\"name\":\"Hrdrogen-Electric Propulsion\",\"slug\":\"hrdrogen-electric-propulsion\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/hrdrogen-electric-propulsion\"},{\"name\":\"Hybrid\",\"slug\":\"hybrid\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/hybrid\"},{\"name\":\"jet propulsion\",\"slug\":\"jet-propulsion\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/jet-propulsion\"},{\"name\":\"US Army\",\"slug\":\"us-army\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/us-army\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Military\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$35\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"military\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":19,\"title\":\"GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis work aimed to identify and enhance technologies applicable to future Army air vehicle propulsion systems and military electrified ground vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis work aimed to identify and enhance technologies applicable to future Army air vehicle propulsion systems and military electrified ground vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4142,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$36\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/blackbird-evtol-cyclorotor-propulsion-system\\\"\u003eBee-like vertical landing electric aircraft showcases super propulsion system\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/spacecraft-uses-air-as-fuel\\\"\u003eNew spacecraft system uses air as fuel to offer endless electric propulsion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/cryogenic-hydrogen-electric-propulsion-development\\\"\u003eCryogenic hydrogen-electric propulsion could lead to net-zero air travel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T20:34:22\",\"timeAgo\":\"18 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T20:34:29\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 03:34 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 03:34 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg\",\"title\":\"GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet\",\"name\":\"GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet\",\"alt_text\":\"GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet\",\"description\":\"Representative image.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.geaerospace.com/news/press-releases/ge-aerospace-further-advances-development-hybrid-electric-engines-nasa\\\"\u003eGE Aerospace\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eGE Aerospace has successfully demonstrated a one-megawatt hybrid electric propulsion system as part of a $5.1 million research and development contract with the US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Army Research Laboratory (ARL).\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the Applied Research Collaborative Systematic Turboshaft Electrification Project (ARC-STEP) contract, GE Aerospace researched, developed, tested, and evaluated a megawatt (MW) class electrified power plant.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$37\",\"$38\",\"$39\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis engine suits executive transport, search and rescue, passenger transport, and the oil and gas sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe efforts associated with this Army contract support GE Aerospace\u0026#8217;s work in hybrid electric propulsion.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis includes the Hybrid Electric Experiment (HEX) program in collaboration with Sikorsky and the NASA Electric Powertrain Flight Demonstration (EPFD) project.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal is to develop a megawatt-class integrated hybrid electric powertrain and demonstrate its flight readiness for single-aisle aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTo date, GE Aerospace has delivered over 1,500 CT7 engines, collectively accumulating 30 million flight hours, underscoring their reliability and performance in the field.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representative image.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.geaerospace.com/news/press-releases/ge-aerospace-further-advances-development-hybrid-electric-engines-nasa\\\"\u003eGE Aerospace\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/blackbird-evtol-cyclorotor-propulsion-system\\\"\u003eBee-like vertical landing electric aircraft showcases super propulsion system\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/spacecraft-uses-air-as-fuel\\\"\u003eNew spacecraft system uses air as fuel to offer endless electric propulsion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/cryogenic-hydrogen-electric-propulsion-development\\\"\u003eCryogenic hydrogen-electric propulsion could lead to net-zero air travel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122523,\"tags\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Lexicon\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Aerospace\",\"slug\":\"aerospace\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/aerospace\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Lexicon\",\"slug\":\"lexicon\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lexicon\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Transportation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/transportation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$3a\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eJoin us as we explore Boom\u0026#8217;s journey to restarting commercial supersonic flight with their XB-1 and Overture aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eJoin us as we explore Boom\u0026#8217;s journey to restarting commercial supersonic flight with their XB-1 and Overture aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":7074,\"readTime\":\"5 minutes\",\"body\":\"$3b\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/boom-supersonic-symphony-aircraft-engine\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSymphony: Boom Supersonic announces it will develop its own aircraft engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-rolls-royce-will-no-longer-work-together\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic and Rolls-Royce will no longer work together on supersonic plane’s engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic Is Set to Launch the Concorde’s Spiritual Heir\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T19:34:47\",\"timeAgo\":\"19 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T19:34:54\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 02:34 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 02:34 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\",\"title\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"name\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"alt_text\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"description\":\"Blake Scholl\",\"reference\":\"Interesting Engineering\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"$3c\",\"$3d\",\"$3e\",\"$3f\",\"$40\",\"$41\",\"$42\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBoom Supersonic is poised to transform the future of air travel, combining cutting-edge technology, environmental responsibility, and a focus on human connection. With the XB-1 paving the way and the Overture poised to take flight, the dream of supersonic passenger travel is no longer a distant vision—it’s a fast-approaching reality.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs Blake puts it, “The most important thing here isn’t breaking the sound barrier—it’s breaking the time barrier. When we do that, we unlock a whole new world of possibilities.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Blake Scholl\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/boom-supersonic-symphony-aircraft-engine\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSymphony: Boom Supersonic announces it will develop its own aircraft engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-rolls-royce-will-no-longer-work-together\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic and Rolls-Royce will no longer work together on supersonic plane’s engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic Is Set to Launch the Concorde’s Spiritual Heir\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122442,\"tags\":[\"boron ramjet\",\"China boron\",\"China ramjet\",\"engine\",\"Hypersonic\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"boron ramjet\",\"slug\":\"boron-ramjet\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/boron-ramjet\"},{\"name\":\"China boron\",\"slug\":\"china-boron\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/china-boron\"},{\"name\":\"China ramjet\",\"slug\":\"china-ramjet\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/china-ramjet\"},{\"name\":\"engine\",\"slug\":\"engine\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/engine\"},{\"name\":\"Hypersonic\",\"slug\":\"hypersonic\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/hypersonic\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Military\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$43\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"military\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":19,\"title\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe engine was stable as the flame and the pressure in the afterburner remained unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe engine was stable as the flame and the pressure in the afterburner remained unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3021,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$44\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mit-spinout-turns-engines-into-methane-munchers\\\"\u003eMIT spinout uses engines to turn trash gas into green fuel ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/undergrads-develop-hydrogen-engine\\\"\u003eUndergraduates develop hydrogen-powered engine in a first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/porsche-6-stroke-engine-innovation\\\"\u003ePorsche's 6-stroke engine boasts double power, higher ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T19:30:10\",\"timeAgo\":\"19 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T19:37:02\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 02:30 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 02:37 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png\",\"title\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\",\"name\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\",\"alt_text\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\",\"description\":\"Chinese scientists claimed that the boron ramjet engine’s exhaust jet velocity exceeded Mach 3. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hypersonic-rocket-flies-above-the-clouds-gm1391247331-447930369?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eWlad74/\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hypersonic-rocket-flies-above-the-clouds-gm1391247331-447930369?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eAlexyz3d\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChina has tested a powerful engine that can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through both air and water. The novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests, which were conducted in submarine mode, and met the desired requirements for practical use.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped for hypersonic weapons, the engine inhales air and water as oxidizing agents depending upon the medium, where it\u0026#8217;s being used.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$45\",\"$46\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eVarious studies have been conducted previously to review recent advancements and challenges in adopting boron-loaded gel fuel for practical ramjet and scramjet propulsion devices.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEven though \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667134423000421\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eboron\u003c/a\u003e is a potential source for improving the energy density of liquid fuel, it was not widely used in practical propulsive devices till last year primarily because the native oxide layer present in the boron inhibits ignition and combustion.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, some researchers reported that the boron particles were fully burnt in the two-stage combustion, suggesting that the two-stage combustion of boron particles can be achieved by ramjet and scramjet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Chinese scientists claimed that the boron ramjet engine’s exhaust jet velocity exceeded Mach 3. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hypersonic-rocket-flies-above-the-clouds-gm1391247331-447930369?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eWlad74/\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hypersonic-rocket-flies-above-the-clouds-gm1391247331-447930369?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eAlexyz3d\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mit-spinout-turns-engines-into-methane-munchers\\\"\u003eMIT spinout uses engines to turn trash gas into green fuel ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/undergrads-develop-hydrogen-engine\\\"\u003eUndergraduates develop hydrogen-powered engine in a first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/porsche-6-stroke-engine-innovation\\\"\u003ePorsche's 6-stroke engine boasts double power, higher ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122484,\"tags\":[\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"Missile\",\"Nuclear\",\"Nuclear missiles\",\"nuclear submarines\",\"Submarines\",\"US Navy\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"slug\":\"defense-military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/defense-military\"},{\"name\":\"Missile\",\"slug\":\"missile\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/missile\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear\",\"slug\":\"nuclear\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear missiles\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-missiles\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-missiles\"},{\"name\":\"nuclear submarines\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-submarines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-submarines\"},{\"name\":\"Submarines\",\"slug\":\"submarines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/submarines\"},{\"name\":\"US Navy\",\"slug\":\"us-navy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/us-navy\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Military\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$47\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"military\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":19,\"title\":\"US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N would fulfill a critical role as a sea-based nuclear deterrent below the strategic level on the nuclear escalation ladder.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N would fulfill a critical role as a sea-based nuclear deterrent below the strategic level on the nuclear escalation ladder.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4233,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$48\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-6th-gen-fighter-2\\\"\u003eUS Navy’s 6th-gen fighter pursues unique design, independent of Air Force NGAD\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/usaf-stand-in-attack-missile\\\"\u003eUS Air Force gets first long-range, high-speed stand-in attack missile for F-35s\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-aim-174b-missiles\\\"\u003eUS’ new missile outranges Beijing’s top weapon, could shift power in South China Sea\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T18:46:13\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T18:46:19\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 01:46 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 01:46 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\",\"title\":\"US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades\",\"name\":\"US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades\",\"alt_text\":\"US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades\",\"description\":\"Representative image.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ballistic-missile-launch-from-underwater-gm1262642973-369465735\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eAlexyz3d\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn a surprising development, the US Navy has released a Request for Information (RFI) regarding the development of a Nuclear-Armed Sea-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM-N).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe initiative aims to establish a modular and resilient cruise missile system that delivers a proportional response while ensuring essential adversary targets remain vulnerable.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal is to deploy an operational system by fiscal year 2034, with prototype tests anticipated within the next three years.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$49\",\"$4a\",\"$4b\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSupporters of the SLCM-N contend that it provides a flexible and survivable nuclear option capable of deployment in various regions without needing to station nuclear assets on allied territories.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N would fulfill a critical role as a sea-based nuclear deterrent below the strategic level on the nuclear escalation ladder, emphasizing that the commander-in-chief should have access to such options.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar to its predecessor, the Navy\u0026#8217;s discontinued TLAM-N, the SLCM-N is envisioned as a lower-yield nuclear weapon launched from submarines that would add a new dimension to the maritime segment of the nuclear triad, allowing the United States to respond proportionately to a limited nuclear attack by an adversary.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representative image.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ballistic-missile-launch-from-underwater-gm1262642973-369465735\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eAlexyz3d\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-6th-gen-fighter-2\\\"\u003eUS Navy’s 6th-gen fighter pursues unique design, independent of Air Force NGAD\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/usaf-stand-in-attack-missile\\\"\u003eUS Air Force gets first long-range, high-speed stand-in attack missile for F-35s\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-aim-174b-missiles\\\"\u003eUS’ new missile outranges Beijing’s top weapon, could shift power in South China Sea\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":121611,\"tags\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Aerospace\",\"slug\":\"aerospace\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/aerospace\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$4c\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn an exclusive with IE, HALO Space\u0026#8217;s CEO and CTO discussed the tech powering the Aurora capsule, and their vision for near-space exploration.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn an exclusive with IE, HALO Space\u0026#8217;s CEO and CTO discussed the tech powering the Aurora capsule, and their vision for near-space exploration.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":9292,\"readTime\":\"7 minutes\",\"body\":\"$4d\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/halo-space-aurora-capsule\\\"\u003eHalo Space: how 'Aurora' balloons bring near-space tourism to all\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/iot-sateliot-5g-space-everywhere\\\"\u003eIoT: How Sateliot is bringing 5G from space to ‘absolutely everywhere’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spacex-gm-space-solar-power\\\"\u003eFormer SpaceX, General Motors engineers turn to space-based solar power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T18:26:34\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T18:31:21\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 01:26 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 01:31 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"title\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"name\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"alt_text\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"description\":\"The Aurora space capsule in flight, suspended by a balloon/parachute system.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\\\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"slug\":\"sade-agard\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/DoK2hv5YUdDF.png\",\"page_url\":\"sade-agard\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sade-agard\",\"description\":\"Sade is a geology graduate and Fellow of The Geological Society of London who she has experience publishing for. She enjoys writing and editing features of a range of scientific topics, with special interest in Earth science. Based in Windsor, Sade enjoys travelling to various sites of outstanding nature and has also lived in Thailand for a year.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eHALO Space, a Spanish startup, is bringing near-space tourism closer to reality with its \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/halo-space-aurora-capsule\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAurora\u003c/em\u003e capsule\u003c/a\u003e. Better yet, if flying to the edge of space sounds like your dream experience, you can join a waiting list.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe stratospheric balloon system is designed to carry passengers 22 miles (35 kilometers) above the Earth\u0026#8217;s surface, offering an experience different from rocket-based space tourism.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHALO Space\u003c/em\u003e expanded its testing and assembly operations to Saudi Arabia last month, which is a significant step forward.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$4e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA tranquil ascent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Instead of the high-G forces and intense speeds typical of rocket launches, the Aurora capsule rises gradually,\u0026#8221; they said. This approach offers a peaceful journey with spectacular views of Earth\u0026#8217;s curvature and space\u0026#8217;s darkness.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMira and Castillo then highlighted the sustainability aspect of the stratospheric balloon system.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026#8216;Reduced carbon footprint\u0026#8217;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The use of helium balloons dramatically reduces the carbon footprint compared to rocket-based launches, making it a greener alternative for space tourism,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccessibility\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, since it avoids the physical demands of high-speed rocket travel, the Aurora capsule is accessible to a broader range of passengers. Miro and Castillo explained that this includes those who might need to be physically fit for traditional space travel.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$4f\",\"$50\",\"$51\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTechnology testing\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the near-space environment offers conditions similar to those found in space. Such conditions include low temperatures, high radiation, and near-vacuum pressures.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Companies can use the Aurora capsule to test new space technologies in these conditions at a lower cost than launching satellites or rockets,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$52\",\"$53\",\"$54\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey argued that by focusing on accessibility, sustainability, and safety, HALO Space opens the door to new possibilities for space tourism, scientific discovery, and commercial innovation. \u0026#8220;Our goal is not just to take passengers on an unforgettable journey but to inspire a deeper connection to the planet and our place in the universe,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo concluded.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We believe that the Aurora capsule offers not just an adventure, but a transformative experience that will forever change how people see the world.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The Aurora space capsule in flight, suspended by a balloon/parachute system.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\\\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/halo-space-aurora-capsule\\\"\u003eHalo Space: how 'Aurora' balloons bring near-space tourism to all\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/iot-sateliot-5g-space-everywhere\\\"\u003eIoT: How Sateliot is bringing 5G from space to ‘absolutely everywhere’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spacex-gm-space-solar-power\\\"\u003eFormer SpaceX, General Motors engineers turn to space-based solar power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/post-121611-speech-20241119183535.mp3\"},{\"id\":122351,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"Autonomous Surgery\",\"da Vinci\",\"Lung Transplant\",\"Lungs\",\"Machine Learning\",\"NYU Langone\",\"organ transplant\",\"robot\",\"Robotic Surgery\",\"Surgery\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"Autonomous Surgery\",\"slug\":\"autonomous-surgery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/autonomous-surgery\"},{\"name\":\"da Vinci\",\"slug\":\"da-vinci\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/da-vinci\"},{\"name\":\"Lung Transplant\",\"slug\":\"lung-transplant\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lung-transplant\"},{\"name\":\"Lungs\",\"slug\":\"lungs\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lungs\"},{\"name\":\"Machine Learning\",\"slug\":\"machine-learning\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/machine-learning\"},{\"name\":\"NYU Langone\",\"slug\":\"nyu-langone\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nyu-langone\"},{\"name\":\"organ transplant\",\"slug\":\"organ-transplant\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/organ-transplant\"},{\"name\":\"robot\",\"slug\":\"robot\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robot\"},{\"name\":\"Robotic Surgery\",\"slug\":\"robotic-surgery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robotic-surgery\"},{\"name\":\"Surgery\",\"slug\":\"surgery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/surgery\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Health\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Health\",\"slug\":\"health\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/health\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$55\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"health\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":10,\"title\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eSmall rib incisions enabled a robotic system to remove, prepare, and implant lungs, completing a fully robotic double lung transplant.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eSmall rib incisions enabled a robotic system to remove, prepare, and implant lungs, completing a fully robotic double lung transplant.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3794,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$56\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-nails-surgery-lik-human-doctor\\\"\u003eBreakthrough robot nails surgery like a human doctor after watching videos \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/ai-robot-surgery-shocks-internet\\\"\u003eWorld’s 1st robot surgeon concept for head-swap surgery shocks internet \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/lab-made-muscle-with-new-laser-tech\\\"\u003eLab-made muscle: New laser tech grows real human tissues to replace lab rats\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T16:36:38\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T16:44:06\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 11:36 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 11:44 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\",\"title\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\",\"name\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\",\"alt_text\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\",\"description\":\"Both lungs were transplanted using robotic techniques.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://nyulangone.org/news/nyu-langone-performs-first-fully-robotic-lung-transplant-united-states\\\"\u003eNYU Langone Health\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eNew York University (NYU) Langone Health achieved a medical milestone by performing the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA 57-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) underwent a double lung transplant using the da Vinci Xi robotic system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSmall incisions between the ribs allowed the robotic system to remove each lung, prepare the surgical site, and implant the new lungs. Both lungs were successfully transplanted entirely with robotic techniques.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the team, the procedure showcases a breakthrough in robotic surgery and advances minimally invasive care.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$57\",\"$58\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the da Vinci system is known for input inaccuracies, researchers overcame this by focusing on relative movements instead of absolute actions. This adjustment improved precision and adaptability, allowing the robot to generalize to new environments and tasks, such as recovering a dropped needle during surgery.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe new model streamlines robot training, enabling surgical robots to learn procedures in days rather than years. According to experts, the innovation has the potential to advance surgical autonomy, minimize errors, and enhance procedural accuracy, marking a significant leap forward in robotic medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Both lungs were transplanted using robotic techniques.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://nyulangone.org/news/nyu-langone-performs-first-fully-robotic-lung-transplant-united-states\\\"\u003eNYU Langone Health\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-nails-surgery-lik-human-doctor\\\"\u003eBreakthrough robot nails surgery like a human doctor after watching videos \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/ai-robot-surgery-shocks-internet\\\"\u003eWorld’s 1st robot surgeon concept for head-swap surgery shocks internet \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/lab-made-muscle-with-new-laser-tech\\\"\u003eLab-made muscle: New laser tech grows real human tissues to replace lab rats\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122381,\"tags\":[\"Starlink rival\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Starlink rival\",\"slug\":\"starlink-rival\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/starlink-rival\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$59\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eBrazilian officials have been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eBrazilian officials have been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3770,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$5a\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/japan-finally-built-worlds-first-wooden-satellite\\\"\u003eWorld's 1st wood satellite ready to blast off on SpaceX rocket\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/boeing-built-satellite-breaks-up-in-orbit\\\"\u003eBoeing-built satellite blows up into bits in space, cutting ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/worlds-1-wooden-satellite-launched-by-japan\\\"\u003eJapan sends world's 1st wooden satellite on 6-month ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T15:53:33\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T15:59:16\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 10:53 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 10:59 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png\",\"title\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"name\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"alt_text\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"description\":\"SpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based internet access to areas with limited connectivity. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/satellite-and-planet-gm181075945-25438464?searchscope=image,film\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eenot-poloskun\u003c/a\u003e/AdrianHancu\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA Chinese company is challenging dominance of Elon Musk\u0026#8217;s Starlink in the Latin American region. Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet in the region.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe firm signed an MoU with Brazil’s state-owned telecoms company Telecomunicacoes Brasileiras (Telebras) during the recent visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInitially, the plan is to study the demand for satellite internet areas where fiber optic infrastructure doesn’t work.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$5b\",\"$5c\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eShanghai Spacesail Technologies Co., Ltd. has begun business negotiations with dozens of countries to promote the global commercial application and services of its constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, China has 1,059 satellites in orbit, 492 of which are commercial satellites. By the end of June this year, 546 commercial space enterprises were registered and effectively operating in \u003ca href=\\\"http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinavoices/2024-11/21/content_117561027.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBrazil\u0026#8217;s deal with SpaceSail is likely aimed at warning Elon Musk and Starlink, which is the world\u0026#8217;s first and largest satellite constellation using a low Earth orbit to deliver broadband internet capable of supporting streaming, online gaming, video calls and more.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"SpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based internet access to areas with limited connectivity. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/satellite-and-planet-gm181075945-25438464?searchscope=image,film\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eenot-poloskun\u003c/a\u003e/AdrianHancu\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/japan-finally-built-worlds-first-wooden-satellite\\\"\u003eWorld's 1st wood satellite ready to blast off on SpaceX rocket\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/boeing-built-satellite-breaks-up-in-orbit\\\"\u003eBoeing-built satellite blows up into bits in space, cutting ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/worlds-1-wooden-satellite-launched-by-japan\\\"\u003eJapan sends world's 1st wooden satellite on 6-month ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"recommendations\":[{\"id\":122549,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"fusion energy\",\"Nuclear Fusion\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"fusion energy\",\"slug\":\"fusion-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fusion-energy\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear Fusion\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-fusion\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-fusion\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$5d\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe project includes achieving a sustained burning plasma, extracting, and converting energy.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe project includes achieving a sustained burning plasma, extracting, and converting energy.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3049,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$5e\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-fuel-breakthrough#:~:text=Fusion%2C%20the%20process%20that%20powers,replicate%20this%20process%20on%20Earth.\\\"\u003ePrinceton achieves 10x reduction in tritium needs for nuclear ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost\\\"\u003eTokamak Energy's egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor gets ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\\\"\u003eWorld's largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23T13:22:36\",\"timeAgo\":\"an hour ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-23T13:22:45\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 08:22 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 08:22 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-28.png\",\"title\":\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\",\"name\":\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\",\"alt_text\":\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\",\"description\":\"FAST's system aims for a power generation of 50 to 100 MW. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/iter-fusion-reactor-tokamak-thermonuclear-experimental-power-plant-gm1356572281-430708300\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eFilipp Borshch\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eJapan has launched the FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Fusion by Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (FAST) project aims to demonstrate an integrated fusion energy system that combines energy conversion, including electricity generation and fuel technologies, according to reports.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA tokamak configuration will be chosen under the project for its well-established data and scalability.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe project aims to address the remaining technical challenges en route to commercial fusion power plants.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$5f\",\"$60\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eA thorough evaluation of the internal and external environment, including technology, funding, regulation and policy, will be conducted during the transition to detailed design, where a decision will be made on the feasibility of execution. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFAST aims to provide a comprehensive and unique platform to develop technologies applicable to practical fusion power plants worldwide, including demonstration devices and fusion \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/japan-launches-fast-fusion-project\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003epilot plants\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"FAST's system aims for a power generation of 50 to 100 MW. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/iter-fusion-reactor-tokamak-thermonuclear-experimental-power-plant-gm1356572281-430708300\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eFilipp Borshch\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-fuel-breakthrough#:~:text=Fusion%2C%20the%20process%20that%20powers,replicate%20this%20process%20on%20Earth.\\\"\u003ePrinceton achieves 10x reduction in tritium needs for nuclear ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost\\\"\u003eTokamak Energy's egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor gets ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\\\"\u003eWorld's largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122491,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"microreactor\",\"Radiant\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"microreactor\",\"slug\":\"microreactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/microreactor\"},{\"name\":\"Radiant\",\"slug\":\"radiant\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/radiant\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$61\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"US\u0026#8217; nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe reactor safety system triggers a shutdown within 300 milliseconds of detecting an emergency condition.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe reactor safety system triggers a shutdown within 300 milliseconds of detecting an emergency condition.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3728,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$62\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us\\\"\u003eHermes 2: US launches molten-salt nuclear reactor to power ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\\\"\u003eWorld's largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\\\"\u003eSpace-Age material to boost next-gen modular nuclear ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23T09:58:58\",\"timeAgo\":\"4 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-23T09:59:12\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 04:58 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 04:59 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-27.png\",\"title\":\"US\u0026#8217; nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\",\"name\":\"US\u0026#8217; nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\",\"alt_text\":\"US\u0026#8217; nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\",\"description\":\"Radiant Industries' Kaleidos microreactor.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.radiantnuclear.com/blog/passive-cooldown-demo/\\\"\u003eRadiant\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA California-based developer of microreactors has completed a critical passive cooldown demonstration of its prototype Kaleidos system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped by Radiant Industries, the Kaleidos microreactor is one of the designs that are on track to be part of a historic test at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in the world\u0026#8217;s first microreactor test bed as early as mid-2026.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe completion of its front-end engineering and experiment design (FEEED) phase at the INL is a major step to bringing the world\u0026#8217;s first factory-constructed microreactors to market.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$63\",\"$64\",\"$65\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Radiant Industries' Kaleidos microreactor.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.radiantnuclear.com/blog/passive-cooldown-demo/\\\"\u003eRadiant\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us\\\"\u003eHermes 2: US launches molten-salt nuclear reactor to power ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\\\"\u003eWorld's largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\\\"\u003eSpace-Age material to boost next-gen modular nuclear ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122212,\"tags\":[\"Perovskite\",\"Perovskite efficiency\",\"Perovskite Solar Cells\",\"protective coating\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Perovskite\",\"slug\":\"perovskite\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/perovskite\"},{\"name\":\"Perovskite efficiency\",\"slug\":\"perovskite-efficiency\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/perovskite-efficiency\"},{\"name\":\"Perovskite Solar Cells\",\"slug\":\"perovskite-solar-cells\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/perovskite-solar-cells\"},{\"name\":\"protective coating\",\"slug\":\"protective-coating\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/protective-coating\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$66\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3680,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$67\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough#:~:text=While%20silicon%2Dbased%20solar%20panels,have%20hindered%20their%20widespread%20adoption.\\\"\u003eBreakthrough in perovskite tech extends solar cell life by 66%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-fabrication-method-cityuhk\\\"\u003eStunning solar cells offer 25% efficiency, 95% stability after ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/korean-institute-perovskite-solar-module-record\\\"\u003eKRICT's 20.6% efficient large-area perovskite cells set ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:00\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:08\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:11 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:11 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"title\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"name\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"alt_text\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"description\":\"Northwestern University scientists improved the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\\\"\u003eNU\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new protective coating has significantly increased the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Northwestern University scientists, the coating also extends the life of perovskite solar cells. Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$68\",\"$69\",\"$6a\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Northwestern University scientists improved the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\\\"\u003eNU\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough#:~:text=While%20silicon%2Dbased%20solar%20panels,have%20hindered%20their%20widespread%20adoption.\\\"\u003eBreakthrough in perovskite tech extends solar cell life by 66%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-fabrication-method-cityuhk\\\"\u003eStunning solar cells offer 25% efficiency, 95% stability after ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/korean-institute-perovskite-solar-module-record\\\"\u003eKRICT's 20.6% efficient large-area perovskite cells set ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122277,\"tags\":[\"France\",\"Fusion reactor\",\"International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor\",\"ITER\",\"nuclear energy\",\"South Korea\",\"Vacuum vessel\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"France\",\"slug\":\"france\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/france\"},{\"name\":\"Fusion reactor\",\"slug\":\"fusion-reactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fusion-reactor\"},{\"name\":\"International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor\",\"slug\":\"international-thermonuclear-experimental-reactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/international-thermonuclear-experimental-reactor\"},{\"name\":\"ITER\",\"slug\":\"iter\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/iter\"},{\"name\":\"nuclear energy\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-energy\"},{\"name\":\"South Korea\",\"slug\":\"south-korea\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/south-korea\"},{\"name\":\"Vacuum vessel\",\"slug\":\"vacuum-vessel\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/vacuum-vessel\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$6b\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel has nine sectors and 44 ports for diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel has nine sectors and 44 ports for diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3532,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$6c\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\\\"\u003eHow nuclear fusion could transform health, energy, and electric cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\\\"\u003eSSAB and Parmaco to build world’s first fossil-free steel building in 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\\\"\u003eAI expert warns against digital colonization in Africa by foreign bodies\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T12:02:49\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T12:05:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 07:02 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 07:05 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\",\"title\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"name\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"alt_text\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"description\":\"The ITER vacuum vessel sustains ultra-high-temperature plasma for nuclear fusion by maintaining a high vacuum.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065679\\\"\u003eKorea Institute of Fusion Energy\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessel sectors for the world\u0026#8217;s largest fusion project, made in South Korea, have been delivered to the construction site in Cadarache, France.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFour of the nine vacuum vessel sectors for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) were built in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy Industries at its large shipyard in Ulsan.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessels will improve radiation shielding and plasma stability by providing a high vacuum environment for the plasma. The fusion reactions will be housed in the vessel, which will also offer access to remote handling procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$6d\",\"$6e\",\"$6f\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The ITER vacuum vessel sustains ultra-high-temperature plasma for nuclear fusion by maintaining a high vacuum.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065679\\\"\u003eKorea Institute of Fusion Energy\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\\\"\u003eHow nuclear fusion could transform health, energy, and electric cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\\\"\u003eSSAB and Parmaco to build world’s first fossil-free steel building in 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\\\"\u003eAI expert warns against digital colonization in Africa by foreign bodies\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"popular\":[{\"id\":122350,\"tags\":[\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$70\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eSpecialized coatings help keep astronauts keep safe and save millions every year for machine industry. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eSpecialized coatings help keep astronauts keep safe and save millions every year for machine industry. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3932,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$71\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/rare-earth-oxides-turbine-engine\\\"\u003eTurbine engines run at record 3,300°F with rare Earth oxide coating\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-coating-stops-biofouling-of-solar-cells\\\"\u003eNew coating keeps underwater solar cells 100% powerful, biofoul free\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-cell-coating-boosts-efficiency\\\"\u003eNew coating removes solar panel defects, boosts efficiency to 31%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 09:59 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 09:59 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"title\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"name\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"alt_text\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"description\":\"Representational stock image of jet engine powered plane. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/f-a-18c-hornet-catapult-launch-gm118958406-12105473?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003ezoltanpocza/iStock\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/Uy0OTzksC7lW.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\",\"description\":\"Ameya is a science writer based in Hyderabad, India. A Molecular Biologist at heart, he traded the micropipette to write about science during the pandemic and does not want to go back. He likes to write about genetics, microbes, technology, and public policy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the frying pan in the kitchen to airplanes in the sky, everything has a thin layer of coating that delivers an extra attribute that would have been impossible to achieve otherwise. These coatings are made of different materials and applied differently, but when engineering has reached its limits, coatings have always outperformed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEveryday objects, from pans and pots to cars we drive around in, have a coating for a specialized function. This could be to prevent food from sticking to them or to prevent fires from spreading rapidly. Even massive ships use special coatings to prevent marine life forms from attaching themselves to the hull and increasing friction during voyages.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$72\",\"$73\",\"$74\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational stock image of jet engine powered plane. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/f-a-18c-hornet-catapult-launch-gm118958406-12105473?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003ezoltanpocza/iStock\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/rare-earth-oxides-turbine-engine\\\"\u003eTurbine engines run at record 3,300°F with rare Earth oxide coating\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-coating-stops-biofouling-of-solar-cells\\\"\u003eNew coating keeps underwater solar cells 100% powerful, biofoul free\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-cell-coating-boosts-efficiency\\\"\u003eNew coating removes solar panel defects, boosts efficiency to 31%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122428,\"tags\":[],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$75\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":2,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype grew as the Tesla Bot Action Figure, mirroring its larger counterpart, sold out in under 24 hours. What made it so popular?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype grew as the Tesla Bot Action Figure, mirroring its larger counterpart, sold out in under 24 hours. What made it so popular?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":507,\"readTime\":\"1 minute\",\"body\":\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype soared with the release of the Tesla Bot Action Figure. Designed to resemble and move like its full-scale counterpart, the collectible sold out in less than 24 hours, captivating fans and collectors alike.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe allure lies in its connection to the groundbreaking Optimus robot and Tesla’s vision of the future. As a tangible piece of cutting-edge robotics, the figure offers a unique way to engage with Tesla’s innovation, fueling excitement among enthusiasts.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:25:32\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:26:12\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:25 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:26 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\",\"title\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"name\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"alt_text\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"description\":\"\",\"reference\":\"\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Pelin Sener\",\"slug\":\"pelin-sener\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/411024a83be8b93d071003ffe36836e8?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"pelin-sener\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/pelin-sener\",\"description\":\"\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype soared with the release of the Tesla Bot Action Figure. Designed to resemble and move like its full-scale counterpart, the collectible sold out in less than 24 hours, captivating fans and collectors alike.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe allure lies in its connection to the groundbreaking Optimus robot and Tesla’s vision of the future. As a tangible piece of cutting-edge robotics, the figure offers a unique way to engage with Tesla’s innovation, fueling excitement among enthusiasts.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":5,\"source_target\":\"cdEMUpYl\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"video_source_type\":\"5\",\"video_source_target\":\"cdEMUpYl\",\"connatix_body_script\":\"\",\"feed_video_source_target\":\"cdEMUpYl\",\"feed_video_upload_date\":\"\",\"feed_video_description\":\"\",\"feed_video_duration\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122287,\"tags\":[],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$76\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":2,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has defined global trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Now, Mexico\u0026#8217;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has defined global trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Now, Mexico\u0026#8217;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":5126,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$77\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:24:58\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:58:06\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:58 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\",\"title\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"name\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"alt_text\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"description\":\"\",\"reference\":\"\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"slug\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Untitled-22.png\",\"page_url\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2\",\"description\":\"Kaif Shaikh is a journalist and writer passionate about turning complex information into clear, impactful stories. His writing covers technology, sustainability, geopolitics, and occasionally fiction. In the digital media space, he has worked with leaders from industries as diverse as immunology, AI, SaaS, manufacturing, and even furniture. Apart from the long list of things he does outside work, he likes to read, breathe, and practice gratitude.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has stood as a monumental conduit for maritime trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Yet, nestled in southern Mexico, another ambitious pathway, the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, seeks to challenge this maritime supremacy.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eImagined long before the Panama Canal was completed, this corridor has been a dream laden with both risk and ruin.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$78\",\"$79\",\"$7a\",\"$7b\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs Mexico stands at the threshold of realizing a centuries-old dream, the question remains: What price are we willing to pay for progress?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOur exclusive video takes you behind the scenes of this transformative project, offering a detailed analysis of the corridor\u0026#8217;s global impact and in-depth technical insights.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":5,\"source_target\":\"eBa7qG1Y\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"video_source_type\":\"5\",\"video_source_target\":\"eBa7qG1Y\",\"connatix_body_script\":\"\",\"feed_video_source_target\":\"eBa7qG1Y\",\"feed_video_upload_date\":\"\",\"feed_video_description\":\"\",\"feed_video_duration\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122212,\"tags\":[\"Perovskite\",\"Perovskite efficiency\",\"Perovskite Solar Cells\",\"protective coating\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Perovskite\",\"slug\":\"perovskite\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/perovskite\"},{\"name\":\"Perovskite efficiency\",\"slug\":\"perovskite-efficiency\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/perovskite-efficiency\"},{\"name\":\"Perovskite Solar Cells\",\"slug\":\"perovskite-solar-cells\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/perovskite-solar-cells\"},{\"name\":\"protective coating\",\"slug\":\"protective-coating\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/protective-coating\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$7c\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3680,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$7d\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough#:~:text=While%20silicon%2Dbased%20solar%20panels,have%20hindered%20their%20widespread%20adoption.\\\"\u003eBreakthrough in perovskite tech extends solar cell life by 66%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-fabrication-method-cityuhk\\\"\u003eStunning solar cells offer 25% efficiency, 95% stability after ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/korean-institute-perovskite-solar-module-record\\\"\u003eKRICT's 20.6% efficient large-area perovskite cells set ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:00\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:08\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:11 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:11 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"title\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"name\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"alt_text\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"description\":\"Northwestern University scientists improved the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\\\"\u003eNU\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new protective coating has significantly increased the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Northwestern University scientists, the coating also extends the life of perovskite solar cells. Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$7e\",\"$7f\",\"$80\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Northwestern University scientists improved the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\\\"\u003eNU\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough#:~:text=While%20silicon%2Dbased%20solar%20panels,have%20hindered%20their%20widespread%20adoption.\\\"\u003eBreakthrough in perovskite tech extends solar cell life by 66%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-fabrication-method-cityuhk\\\"\u003eStunning solar cells offer 25% efficiency, 95% stability after ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/korean-institute-perovskite-solar-module-record\\\"\u003eKRICT's 20.6% efficient large-area perovskite cells set ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"comments\":[],\"editorsPick\":[],\"latestArticles\":[{\"id\":122619,\"title\":\"Robot drummer that's faster than humans could help musicians hone their craft\",\"slug\":\"robot-drummer-faster-than-humans\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 14:21:04\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Called ZRob, the new robotic drummer could help human musicians reach new heights of creativity.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/robotic-drummer.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":4,\"author\":{\"id\":59936,\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-drummer-faster-than-humans\"},{\"id\":122660,\"title\":\"Exceptional quantum gate with 99.9% fidelity promises errorless computing\",\"slug\":\"dtc-quantum-gate-with-high-fidelity\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 13:44:46\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Double-transmon coupler is no longer just a concept, scientists make the first-ever quantum gate based on a real DTC.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quantum-gate.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50085,\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/dtc-quantum-gate-with-high-fidelity\"},{\"id\":122650,\"title\":\"Huawei AI chips to power China's next-gen surgery tech for medical breakthroughs\",\"slug\":\"huawei-ai-chips-power-china-next-generation-surgery-technology\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 13:32:39\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Hong Kong, set up by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is leveraging Huawei’s AI chips to power its Cares Copilot model, designed to assist in surgical procedures.\\n\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-1920x1080-new-chips.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62127,\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan.stojkovski@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/huawei-ai-chips-power-china-next-generation-surgery-technology\"},{\"id\":122549,\"title\":\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\",\"slug\":\"fusion-energy-power-generation\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 13:22:36\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The project includes achieving a sustained burning plasma, extracting, and converting energy.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-28.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62198,\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat.mishra@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\"},{\"id\":122635,\"title\":\"Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists\",\"slug\":\"youngest-planet-ever-discovered\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 11:31:50\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The new exoplanet is not only very young compared to the age of its parent star, but is also orbiting at a strange angle.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/baby-exoplanet.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":59936,\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":652,\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":652,\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered\"},{\"id\":122624,\"title\":\"China military's supercomputer tops global rankings, clocks 6,320 MTEPS/W\",\"slug\":\"chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-rankings\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 11:17:21\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The Tianhe Exa-node Prototype supercomputer has ranked first in Green Graph500's big data category, achieving its second win since 2021.\\n\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/iStock-11481962011.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62127,\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan.stojkovski@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-rankings\"},{\"id\":122491,\"title\":\"US' nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\",\"slug\":\"radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 09:58:58\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The reactor safety system triggers a shutdown within 300 milliseconds of detecting an emergency condition.\\n\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-27.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62198,\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat.mishra@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\"},{\"id\":122602,\"title\":\"Most-studied Roman aqueduct near Dorchester longer than previous estimates: Study\",\"slug\":\"most-studied-roman-aqueduct-near-dorchester-found-to-extend-two-kilometers\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 09:31:30\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The aqueduct, now found to be two kilometers longer, helped supply fresh water to Durnovaria (modern Dorchester), fueling public baths, fountains, and homes in Roman Britain.\\n\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Course-of-the-Dorchester-Roman-Aqueduct.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62608,\"name\":\"Gairika Mitra\",\"slug\":\"gmitra972@gmail.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/gairika-mitra\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":6,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":6,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/most-studied-roman-aqueduct-near-dorchester-found-to-extend-two-kilometers\"},{\"id\":122560,\"title\":\"'Cosmic censorship' confirmed: New quantum model unlocks black hole singularities\",\"slug\":\"black-hole-singularity-remains-hidden\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 07:52:12\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The model shows that quantum effects cause an event horizon to form around a naked singularity, hiding it from view.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Black-hole.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50085,\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/black-hole-singularity-remains-hidden\"},{\"id\":122492,\"title\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"slug\":\"how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 07:09:01\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Scientists at UC Berkeley have developed a new chemical recycling process that allows for plastic creation to happen from scratch.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":6,\"author\":{\"id\":50055,\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"slug\":\"chris-young\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\"}],\"trendingArticles\":[{\"id\":122314,\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"slug\":\"quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22 10:55:56\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"In TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":4,\"author\":{\"id\":50085,\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"},{\"id\":122284,\"title\":\"US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub\",\"slug\":\"us-nuclear-deterrence-need\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22 09:33:23\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"One of the key highlights of the report is that the US plans to deter multiple nuclear-armed adversaries simultaneously.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-94-1.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":4,\"author\":{\"id\":61918,\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"slug\":\"abhishekbhardwaj\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj\"},\"comment_count\":1,\"main_category\":{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\"},{\"id\":122247,\"title\":\"US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide\",\"slug\":\"autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 20:44:36\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The Swift robots offer enhanced resolution capabilities of 7 centimeters, which match or surpass traditional aerial survey quality.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T004057.652.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62711,\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil.kajal@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\"},\"comment_count\":3,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere\"},{\"id\":122094,\"title\":\"World’s thinnest spaghetti that's 200 times thinner than a human hair created\",\"slug\":\"world-thinnest-spaghetti-created-ucl\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 17:30:00\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The ultrathin “spaghetti” was produced using electrospinning, a technique where an electric charge pulls threads of a liquid mixture through a needle onto a metal plate. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181933.551.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62332,\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"slug\":\"srishti.gupta@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-thinnest-spaghetti-created-ucl\"},{\"id\":122084,\"title\":\"New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells\",\"slug\":\"non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 14:50:26\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Alsym cells are inherently dendrite-free and immune to conditions that could lead to thermal runaway and its catastrophic consequences.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-20.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62198,\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat.mishra@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\"},\"comment_count\":1,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\"},{\"id\":122111,\"title\":\"Carbon fiber cathodes to power next-gen small modular nuclear fusion reactors\",\"slug\":\"new-material-to-power-smr\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 13:46:54\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"KULR's space-proven carbon fiber cathodes were initially designed for extreme conditions found in aerospace and defense applications.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Fusion-cathode.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62236,\"name\":\"Aman Tripathi\",\"slug\":\"aman.tripathi@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi\"},\"comment_count\":1,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\"},{\"id\":121979,\"title\":\"Drones to soar without GPS using unique fingerprint-inspired navigation tech\",\"slug\":\"drones-to-soar-without-gps-using-fingerprint-tech\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 12:54:47\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The technology uses neuromorphic sensors to track terrain changes, matching data to an Earth surface database for precise navigation.\\n\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T154837.874.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50114,\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drones-to-soar-without-gps-using-fingerprint-tech\"},{\"id\":121983,\"title\":\"Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power\",\"slug\":\"first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 10:54:07\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Kairos' power plant will feature 35-MWth reactors with a combined generation capacity of 20 MWe. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR1.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50086,\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us\"},{\"id\":122034,\"title\":\"Egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor lands big backing for 880 MW power plant\",\"slug\":\"tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 10:25:57\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Tokamak Energy recently shared the initial blueprints for its pilot power plant.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Tokamak-Energy.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62236,\"name\":\"Aman Tripathi\",\"slug\":\"aman.tripathi@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost\"},{\"id\":121962,\"title\":\"Honda’s game-changing solid-state EV battery line unveiled in Japan \",\"slug\":\"honda-solid-state-ev-battery-demo-line\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 09:04:15\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"By 2040, Honda aims for 100% of global vehicle sales to be EV or FCEV, with all-solid-state batteries playing a critical role in achieving this goal.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-54-1.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62578,\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"slug\":\"sujita.sinha@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":7,\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":7,\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/honda-solid-state-ev-battery-demo-line\"}],\"articleUrl\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"authorData\":{\"id\":50085,\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"userData\":{\"linkedin_url\":\"\",\"email\":\"simplyentangling0101@gmail.com\"}},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},\"propsData\":{\"categoryId\":\"energy\",\"isListicle\":false,\"isMobile\":false,\"planData\":[{\"id\":50,\"type\":0,\"name\":\"Monthly Ad Free\",\"description\":\"Comphrensive tech analysis and opinion, with full digital access.\",\"old_price\":\"5.99\",\"new_price\":\"1.00\",\"period\":1,\"trial_period\":0,\"is_trial\":0,\"is_most_popular\":0,\"is_ad_free\":1,\"is_special_offer\":0,\"special_offer_text\":null,\"end_date\":null},{\"id\":41,\"type\":0,\"name\":\"Quarterly Ad Free\",\"description\":\"Comphrensive tech analysis and opinion, with full digital access.\",\"old_price\":\"21.99\",\"new_price\":\"16.99\",\"period\":3,\"trial_period\":0,\"is_trial\":0,\"is_most_popular\":0,\"is_ad_free\":1,\"is_special_offer\":0,\"special_offer_text\":null,\"end_date\":null},{\"id\":42,\"type\":0,\"name\":\"Annual Ad Free\",\"description\":\"Comphrensive tech analysis and opinion, with full digital access.\",\"old_price\":\"71.99\",\"new_price\":\"64.99\",\"period\":12,\"trial_period\":0,\"is_trial\":0,\"is_most_popular\":1,\"is_ad_free\":1,\"is_special_offer\":0,\"special_offer_text\":null,\"end_date\":null}],\"dontRenderOnMobileFacebook\":false,\"accessTokenServer\":null,\"userData\":{\"isPremium\":\"0\",\"isAdFree\":\"0\",\"isBot\":false,\"allData\":null,\"allPlans\":[{\"id\":\"3q9w\",\"merchantId\":\"jjfy4n5yty34xv3n\",\"billingDayOfMonth\":null,\"billingFrequency\":1,\"currencyIsoCode\":\"USD\",\"description\":null,\"name\":\"2023-05-04 Monthly Ad Free 1$ FBC\",\"numberOfBillingCycles\":null,\"price\":\"5.99\",\"trialDuration\":null,\"trialDurationUnit\":null,\"trialPeriod\":false,\"createdAt\":{\"date\":\"2023-05-24 11:08:54.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"updatedAt\":{\"date\":\"2023-05-24 11:08:54.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"addOns\":[],\"discounts\":[{\"amount\":\"4.99\",\"createdAt\":{\"date\":\"2023-05-24 11:08:06.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"description\":null,\"id\":\"kvhb\",\"kind\":\"discount\",\"merchantId\":\"jjfy4n5yty34xv3n\",\"name\":\"4.99 $\",\"neverExpires\":false,\"numberOfBillingCycles\":1,\"updatedAt\":{\"date\":\"2023-05-24 11:08:06.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"}}],\"plans\":[]},{\"id\":\"57zb\",\"merchantId\":\"jjfy4n5yty34xv3n\",\"billingDayOfMonth\":null,\"billingFrequency\":3,\"currencyIsoCode\":\"USD\",\"description\":null,\"name\":\"16.99 Quarterly Ad Free\",\"numberOfBillingCycles\":null,\"price\":\"16.99\",\"trialDuration\":null,\"trialDurationUnit\":null,\"trialPeriod\":false,\"createdAt\":{\"date\":\"2023-02-16 14:41:20.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"updatedAt\":{\"date\":\"2023-02-16 14:41:20.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"addOns\":[],\"discounts\":[],\"plans\":[]},{\"id\":\"k6cm\",\"merchantId\":\"jjfy4n5yty34xv3n\",\"billingDayOfMonth\":null,\"billingFrequency\":12,\"currencyIsoCode\":\"USD\",\"description\":null,\"name\":\"64.99 Yearly Ad Free\",\"numberOfBillingCycles\":null,\"price\":\"64.99\",\"trialDuration\":null,\"trialDurationUnit\":null,\"trialPeriod\":false,\"createdAt\":{\"date\":\"2023-02-16 14:42:07.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"updatedAt\":{\"date\":\"2023-02-16 14:42:07.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"addOns\":[],\"discounts\":[{\"amount\":\"32.50\",\"createdAt\":{\"date\":\"2024-11-18 08:52:07.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"description\":null,\"id\":\"nzwr\",\"kind\":\"discount\",\"merchantId\":\"jjfy4n5yty34xv3n\",\"name\":\"Black Friday 2024 Discount\",\"neverExpires\":false,\"numberOfBillingCycles\":1,\"updatedAt\":{\"date\":\"2024-11-18 09:10:06.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"}}],\"plans\":[]}]},\"isPremiumUser\":\"0\",\"isStaging\":true,\"articleComments\":{\"status\":\"success\",\"sortby\":null,\"total_comments\":0,\"comments\":[]},\"articleData\":{\"postType\":\"energy\",\"isStaging\":true,\"content\":{\"id\":122314,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Physics\",\"thermal energy\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"thermal energy\",\"slug\":\"thermal-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/thermal-energy\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$81\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4421,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$82\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest cavern thermal energy storage to warm a city year-round\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eA new discovery could unlock efficient thermal storage batteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eKorean researchers develop heat-resistant material that withstands 1000°C\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:55:56\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:56:03\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:55 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:56 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"name\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"alt_text\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"description\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGustavo Raskosky/Rice University\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"description\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eBatteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$83\",\"$84\",\"$85\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTheir quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHopefully, the new thermal emitter will make \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003ethermal energy storage\u003c/a\u003e highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Nanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGustavo Raskosky/Rice University\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest cavern thermal energy storage to warm a city year-round\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eA new discovery could unlock efficient thermal storage batteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eKorean researchers develop heat-resistant material that withstands 1000°C\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},\"jobs\":[{\"id\":\"132280331\",\"title\":\"Senior Technology Engineer (Continuous Integration)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/senior-technology-engineer-continuous-integration-2-at-the-travelers-companies-inc-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Atlanta\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"30301\",\"state\":\"GA\",\"city\":\"Atlanta\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"The Travelers Companies, Inc.\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/the-travelers-companies-inc-2-logo-1625843449996.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$91,300 - $150,600 a year\"},{\"id\":\"132294917\",\"title\":\"Cloud Systems Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/cloud-systems-engineer-at-therapynotescom-1?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Charlotte\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":\"NC\",\"city\":\"Charlotte\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"TherapyNotes.com\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1717683288868.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$100,000 - $120,000 a year\"},{\"id\":\"133156249\",\"title\":\"Staff Software Engineer Back End (Bangkok based, relocation provided)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/staff-software-engineer-back-end-bangkok-based-relocation-provided-at-agoda-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United Kingdom\",\"address\":\"-\",\"country_short\":\"UK\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":[],\"city\":[]},\"company\":{\"name\":\"Agoda\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1722421505451.jpeg\"}},{\"id\":\"133161138\",\"title\":\"Lead Software Development Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/lead-software-development-engineer-1-at-gm-financial-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Fort Worth\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"76102\",\"state\":\"TX\",\"city\":\"Fort Worth\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"GM Financial\",\"logo\":\"https://d2q79iu7y748jz.cloudfront.net/s/_squarelogo/256x256/2c6d13e3c51cab0e72a6ac3fc67ed3d5\"}}],\"for_you\":[{\"id\":122492,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"plastic\",\"plastic recycling\",\"polypropylene\",\"Recycling\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"plastic\",\"slug\":\"plastic\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/plastic\"},{\"name\":\"plastic recycling\",\"slug\":\"plastic-recycling\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/plastic-recycling\"},{\"name\":\"polypropylene\",\"slug\":\"polypropylene\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/polypropylene\"},{\"name\":\"Recycling\",\"slug\":\"recycling\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/recycling\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$86\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eScientists at UC Berkeley have developed a new chemical recycling process that allows for plastic creation to happen from scratch.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eScientists at UC Berkeley have developed a new chemical recycling process that allows for plastic creation to happen from scratch.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":8033,\"readTime\":\"6 minutes\",\"body\":\"$87\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\\\"\u003eNew method turns plastic waste into valuable resources with vaporizing process\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\\\"\u003eFrom trash to fuel: US scientist unlocks green hydrogen potential in plastic bottles\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solarcycle-to-recycle-10-million-solar-panels-yearly\\\"\u003eUS plant plans to recycle 10 million solar panels yearly with 99% recovery\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23T07:09:01\",\"timeAgo\":\"7 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-23T07:14:31\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 02:09 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 02:14 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\",\"title\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"name\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"alt_text\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"description\":\"An artist's render of plastic waste in the ocean.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/es/foto/contaminaci%C3%B3n-del-oc%C3%A9ano-con-residuos-pl%C3%A1sticos-flotando-debajo-gm1574460400-528214017?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003elaurence soulez/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"slug\":\"chris-young\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/6UKotck4r9pz.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"chris-young\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young\",\"description\":\"Chris Young is a journalist, copywriter, blogger and tech geek at heart who\u0026rsquo;s reported on the likes of the Mobile World Congress, written for Lifehack, The Culture Trip, Flydoscope and some of the world\u0026rsquo;s biggest tech companies, including NEC and Thales, about robots, satellites and other world-changing innovations.\u0026nbsp;\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA team of scientists from University of California, Berkeley, has developed a new method for breaking plastics down into their original building blocks. This could unlock a new highly-efficient recycling industry that produces valuable plastics and reduces the need to derive them from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem with recycling methods today is that they collect and combine plastics with different chemical architectures to create weaker, less useful plastics.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$88\",\"$89\",\"$8a\",\"$8b\",\"$8c\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Hartwig, “this happens to each of the roughly thousand carbon atoms in the chain to leave nothing behind by the catalyst and emits propylene gas.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“In non-chemical terms, I like to compare it to deconstructing a metal chain,” he said. “First, we cleave the chain in the middle with a catalyst and leave at the ends a reactive unit—a carbon-carbon double bond. In the chain analogy this would be an open link. Then a catalyst will remove that open link by attaching it to a new one.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“By doing so, the next chain link is left open. The catalyst can then attach that open chain link at the end to a new chain,” Hartwig continued. “Alternatively, one can compare it to taking apart a pearl necklace. In this analogy, the chain is broken in the middle, allowing the pearls to be removed one at a time. In the process of removing them, they are attached to two new pearls to make new units of three pearls.”\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-when-will-we-see-the-new-circular-economy\\\"\u003eWhen will we see the new circular economy?\u003c/h3\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, Hartwig and his team’s new process could lead to a massive reduction in the amount of new plastics produced. Over time, this would reduce the vast amount of fossil fuels used to create new plastics. It would also prevent a lot of plastics from ending up in landfills and a lot of chemical waste—produced by traditional recycling methods—from going into the atmosphere. The method could also substantially reduce existing waste, as this would become a source for valuable new plastics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough, it may be a while before the new method starts operating on an industrial scale. According to Hartwig, “one could envision being able to increase the scale of the reaction by improvements in the catalyst and in the engineering of reactors. [However], the timescale and probability of it becoming commercialized is too hard to predict.” \u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s not to say his team isn’t looking to take their method to the next phase. While Hartwig emphasizes the fact that “large chemical processes do take time to translate to commercial scale,” he is hopeful that his team will get there eventually. “We have applied to funding sources to bridge this gap between discovery and commercialization,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"An artist's render of plastic waste in the ocean.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/es/foto/contaminaci%C3%B3n-del-oc%C3%A9ano-con-residuos-pl%C3%A1sticos-flotando-debajo-gm1574460400-528214017?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003elaurence soulez/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\\\"\u003eNew method turns plastic waste into valuable resources with vaporizing process\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\\\"\u003eFrom trash to fuel: US scientist unlocks green hydrogen potential in plastic bottles\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solarcycle-to-recycle-10-million-solar-panels-yearly\\\"\u003eUS plant plans to recycle 10 million solar panels yearly with 99% recovery\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/post-122492-speech-20241123070916.mp3\"},{\"id\":122530,\"tags\":[\"Asteriods\",\"Earth\",\"Meteorite\",\"Scientific Research\",\"Space\",\"taurid fireballs\",\"Telescope\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Asteriods\",\"slug\":\"asteriods\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/asteriods\"},{\"name\":\"Earth\",\"slug\":\"earth\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/earth\"},{\"name\":\"Meteorite\",\"slug\":\"meteorite\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/meteorite\"},{\"name\":\"Scientific Research\",\"slug\":\"scientific-research\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/scientific-research\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"},{\"name\":\"taurid fireballs\",\"slug\":\"taurid-fireballs\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/taurid-fireballs\"},{\"name\":\"Telescope\",\"slug\":\"telescope\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/telescope\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$8d\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe size of WJ1 was assessed using the 4.3-meter Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) in Arizona.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe size of WJ1 was assessed using the 4.3-meter Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) in Arizona.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4009,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$8e\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/god-of-chaos-asteroid-predicted-to-shake-up\\\"\u003e‘God of chaos’ asteroid predicted to tumble, shed rocks during Earth flyby\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-become-earth-temporary-moon\\\"\u003eSatellite please: Earth to welcome a temporary asteroid mini-moon this month\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-grains-unveil-solar-systems-magnetic-past\\\"\u003eAncient asteroid grains reveal hidden magnetic past of our solar system\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T22:45:09\",\"timeAgo\":\"16 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T22:45:17\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:45 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:45 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg\",\"title\":\"Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event\",\"name\":\"Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event\",\"alt_text\":\"Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event\",\"description\":\"A timelapse image of the fireball event from start to finish. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.westernu.ca/2024/11/niagara-fireball/#:~:text=Observations%20from%20the%20LDT%20show,the%20smallest%20asteroid%20on%20record\\\"\u003eWestern Meteor Group\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn an international study led by Western University and Lowell Observatory, scientists have developed a pioneering approach for studying near-Earth asteroids.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis approach was demonstrated through a November 2022 fireball event that dropped meteorites in the Niagara region.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe research focuses on Asteroid 2022 WJ1 (WJ1), which fractured upon entering Earth’s atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBy comparing Arizona-based telescopic observations with video captured by Western’s Southern Ontario Meteor Network cameras of the fireball on November 19, 2022, the team determined WJ1\u0026#8217;s composition and size.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-16-inch-asteroid\\\"\u003e16-inch asteroid\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003ePublished in The Planetary Science Journal, the study reveals crucial details about WJ1, the smallest asteroid characterized to date. It also establishes a new methodology for studying future impactful space objects.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis marks the first instance where telescope observations and ground camera captures have been combined to study the same astronomical body.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe size of WJ1 was assessed using the 4.3-meter Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) in Arizona. Observations indicated that the surface of WJ1 was rich in silica, suggesting a medium-to-high albedo (reflected light).\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAstronomers used this reflected light to estimate its diameter, which ranges between 40 to 60 cm (16 to 27 inches), solidifying its status as the smallest recorded asteroid.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDenis Vida, an adjunct professor in physics and astronomy at Western, noted, “This is only the sixth asteroid discovered before impact.”\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$8f\",\"$90\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWestern physics and astronomy professor Paul Wiegert, a co-author of the study, witnessed the fireball’s entry. This event was historic because it was the first time observers were notified in advance to observe a natural fireball.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A timelapse image of the fireball event from start to finish. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.westernu.ca/2024/11/niagara-fireball/#:~:text=Observations%20from%20the%20LDT%20show,the%20smallest%20asteroid%20on%20record\\\"\u003eWestern Meteor Group\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/god-of-chaos-asteroid-predicted-to-shake-up\\\"\u003e‘God of chaos’ asteroid predicted to tumble, shed rocks during Earth flyby\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-become-earth-temporary-moon\\\"\u003eSatellite please: Earth to welcome a temporary asteroid mini-moon this month\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-grains-unveil-solar-systems-magnetic-past\\\"\u003eAncient asteroid grains reveal hidden magnetic past of our solar system\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122535,\"tags\":[\"Culture\",\"light\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"light\",\"slug\":\"light\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/light\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Culture\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/culture\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$91\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"culture\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":6,\"title\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eOur gadgets don’t get outdated; they are meant to turn obsolete.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eOur gadgets don’t get outdated; they are meant to turn obsolete.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":8146,\"readTime\":\"7 minutes\",\"body\":\"$92\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/planned-obsolescence-environment\\\"\u003eHere’s why planned obsolescence is bad for the environment\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-right-to-repair\\\"\u003eShould You Have the Right to Repair Products You Own?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/big-tech-comes-under-fire-over-right-to-repair\\\"\u003eBig Tech Comes Under Fire Over Right to Repair\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T22:07:01\",\"timeAgo\":\"16 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T22:07:10\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:07 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:07 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":true,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png\",\"title\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"name\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"alt_text\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"description\":\"Imagine a never-ending light bulb; it's simply bad business for light shops \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.pexels.com/photo/shallow-focus-photography-of-light-bulbs-2764942/\\\"\u003eJoy Singh/Pexels\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"slug\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Untitled-22.png\",\"page_url\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2\",\"description\":\"Kaif Shaikh is a journalist and writer passionate about turning complex information into clear, impactful stories. His writing covers technology, sustainability, geopolitics, and occasionally fiction. In the digital media space, he has worked with leaders from industries as diverse as immunology, AI, SaaS, manufacturing, and even furniture. Apart from the long list of things he does outside work, he likes to read, breathe, and practice gratitude.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eImagine a light bulb that has been burning since 1901. Nestled in a quiet Californian fire station, the Centennial Light challenges today\u0026#8217;s disposable culture, offering a glimpse into a past where products were built to last. This historical anomaly sets the stage for a broader examination of how planned obsolescence has become embedded in the fabric of our consumer electronics industry, from light bulbs to smartphones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$93\",\"$94\",\"$95\",\"$96\",\"$97\",\"$98\",\"$99\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Imagine a never-ending light bulb; it's simply bad business for light shops \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.pexels.com/photo/shallow-focus-photography-of-light-bulbs-2764942/\\\"\u003eJoy Singh/Pexels\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/planned-obsolescence-environment\\\"\u003eHere’s why planned obsolescence is bad for the environment\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-right-to-repair\\\"\u003eShould You Have the Right to Repair Products You Own?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/big-tech-comes-under-fire-over-right-to-repair\\\"\u003eBig Tech Comes Under Fire Over Right to Repair\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122514,\"tags\":[\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"Electric\",\"engine\",\"Hrdrogen-Electric Propulsion\",\"Hybrid\",\"jet propulsion\",\"US Army\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"slug\":\"defense-military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/defense-military\"},{\"name\":\"Electric\",\"slug\":\"electric\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/electric\"},{\"name\":\"engine\",\"slug\":\"engine\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/engine\"},{\"name\":\"Hrdrogen-Electric Propulsion\",\"slug\":\"hrdrogen-electric-propulsion\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/hrdrogen-electric-propulsion\"},{\"name\":\"Hybrid\",\"slug\":\"hybrid\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/hybrid\"},{\"name\":\"jet propulsion\",\"slug\":\"jet-propulsion\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/jet-propulsion\"},{\"name\":\"US Army\",\"slug\":\"us-army\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/us-army\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Military\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$9a\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"military\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":19,\"title\":\"GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis work aimed to identify and enhance technologies applicable to future Army air vehicle propulsion systems and military electrified ground vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis work aimed to identify and enhance technologies applicable to future Army air vehicle propulsion systems and military electrified ground vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4142,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$9b\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/blackbird-evtol-cyclorotor-propulsion-system\\\"\u003eBee-like vertical landing electric aircraft showcases super propulsion system\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/spacecraft-uses-air-as-fuel\\\"\u003eNew spacecraft system uses air as fuel to offer endless electric propulsion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/cryogenic-hydrogen-electric-propulsion-development\\\"\u003eCryogenic hydrogen-electric propulsion could lead to net-zero air travel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T20:34:22\",\"timeAgo\":\"18 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T20:34:29\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 03:34 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 03:34 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg\",\"title\":\"GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet\",\"name\":\"GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet\",\"alt_text\":\"GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet\",\"description\":\"Representative image.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.geaerospace.com/news/press-releases/ge-aerospace-further-advances-development-hybrid-electric-engines-nasa\\\"\u003eGE Aerospace\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eGE Aerospace has successfully demonstrated a one-megawatt hybrid electric propulsion system as part of a $5.1 million research and development contract with the US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Army Research Laboratory (ARL).\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the Applied Research Collaborative Systematic Turboshaft Electrification Project (ARC-STEP) contract, GE Aerospace researched, developed, tested, and evaluated a megawatt (MW) class electrified power plant.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$9c\",\"$9d\",\"$9e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis engine suits executive transport, search and rescue, passenger transport, and the oil and gas sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe efforts associated with this Army contract support GE Aerospace\u0026#8217;s work in hybrid electric propulsion.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis includes the Hybrid Electric Experiment (HEX) program in collaboration with Sikorsky and the NASA Electric Powertrain Flight Demonstration (EPFD) project.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal is to develop a megawatt-class integrated hybrid electric powertrain and demonstrate its flight readiness for single-aisle aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTo date, GE Aerospace has delivered over 1,500 CT7 engines, collectively accumulating 30 million flight hours, underscoring their reliability and performance in the field.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representative image.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.geaerospace.com/news/press-releases/ge-aerospace-further-advances-development-hybrid-electric-engines-nasa\\\"\u003eGE Aerospace\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/blackbird-evtol-cyclorotor-propulsion-system\\\"\u003eBee-like vertical landing electric aircraft showcases super propulsion system\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/spacecraft-uses-air-as-fuel\\\"\u003eNew spacecraft system uses air as fuel to offer endless electric propulsion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/cryogenic-hydrogen-electric-propulsion-development\\\"\u003eCryogenic hydrogen-electric propulsion could lead to net-zero air travel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122523,\"tags\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Lexicon\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Aerospace\",\"slug\":\"aerospace\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/aerospace\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Lexicon\",\"slug\":\"lexicon\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lexicon\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Transportation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/transportation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$9f\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eJoin us as we explore Boom\u0026#8217;s journey to restarting commercial supersonic flight with their XB-1 and Overture aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eJoin us as we explore Boom\u0026#8217;s journey to restarting commercial supersonic flight with their XB-1 and Overture aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":7074,\"readTime\":\"5 minutes\",\"body\":\"$a0\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/boom-supersonic-symphony-aircraft-engine\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSymphony: Boom Supersonic announces it will develop its own aircraft engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-rolls-royce-will-no-longer-work-together\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic and Rolls-Royce will no longer work together on supersonic plane’s engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic Is Set to Launch the Concorde’s Spiritual Heir\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T19:34:47\",\"timeAgo\":\"19 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T19:34:54\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 02:34 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 02:34 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\",\"title\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"name\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"alt_text\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"description\":\"Blake Scholl\",\"reference\":\"Interesting Engineering\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"$a1\",\"$a2\",\"$a3\",\"$a4\",\"$a5\",\"$a6\",\"$a7\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBoom Supersonic is poised to transform the future of air travel, combining cutting-edge technology, environmental responsibility, and a focus on human connection. With the XB-1 paving the way and the Overture poised to take flight, the dream of supersonic passenger travel is no longer a distant vision—it’s a fast-approaching reality.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs Blake puts it, “The most important thing here isn’t breaking the sound barrier—it’s breaking the time barrier. When we do that, we unlock a whole new world of possibilities.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Blake Scholl\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/boom-supersonic-symphony-aircraft-engine\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSymphony: Boom Supersonic announces it will develop its own aircraft engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-rolls-royce-will-no-longer-work-together\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic and Rolls-Royce will no longer work together on supersonic plane’s engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic Is Set to Launch the Concorde’s Spiritual Heir\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122442,\"tags\":[\"boron ramjet\",\"China boron\",\"China ramjet\",\"engine\",\"Hypersonic\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"boron ramjet\",\"slug\":\"boron-ramjet\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/boron-ramjet\"},{\"name\":\"China boron\",\"slug\":\"china-boron\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/china-boron\"},{\"name\":\"China ramjet\",\"slug\":\"china-ramjet\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/china-ramjet\"},{\"name\":\"engine\",\"slug\":\"engine\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/engine\"},{\"name\":\"Hypersonic\",\"slug\":\"hypersonic\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/hypersonic\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Military\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$a8\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"military\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":19,\"title\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe engine was stable as the flame and the pressure in the afterburner remained unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe engine was stable as the flame and the pressure in the afterburner remained unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3021,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$a9\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mit-spinout-turns-engines-into-methane-munchers\\\"\u003eMIT spinout uses engines to turn trash gas into green fuel ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/undergrads-develop-hydrogen-engine\\\"\u003eUndergraduates develop hydrogen-powered engine in a first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/porsche-6-stroke-engine-innovation\\\"\u003ePorsche's 6-stroke engine boasts double power, higher ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T19:30:10\",\"timeAgo\":\"19 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T19:37:02\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 02:30 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 02:37 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png\",\"title\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\",\"name\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\",\"alt_text\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\",\"description\":\"Chinese scientists claimed that the boron ramjet engine’s exhaust jet velocity exceeded Mach 3. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hypersonic-rocket-flies-above-the-clouds-gm1391247331-447930369?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eWlad74/\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hypersonic-rocket-flies-above-the-clouds-gm1391247331-447930369?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eAlexyz3d\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChina has tested a powerful engine that can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through both air and water. The novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests, which were conducted in submarine mode, and met the desired requirements for practical use.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped for hypersonic weapons, the engine inhales air and water as oxidizing agents depending upon the medium, where it\u0026#8217;s being used.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$aa\",\"$ab\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eVarious studies have been conducted previously to review recent advancements and challenges in adopting boron-loaded gel fuel for practical ramjet and scramjet propulsion devices.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEven though \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667134423000421\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eboron\u003c/a\u003e is a potential source for improving the energy density of liquid fuel, it was not widely used in practical propulsive devices till last year primarily because the native oxide layer present in the boron inhibits ignition and combustion.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, some researchers reported that the boron particles were fully burnt in the two-stage combustion, suggesting that the two-stage combustion of boron particles can be achieved by ramjet and scramjet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Chinese scientists claimed that the boron ramjet engine’s exhaust jet velocity exceeded Mach 3. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hypersonic-rocket-flies-above-the-clouds-gm1391247331-447930369?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eWlad74/\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hypersonic-rocket-flies-above-the-clouds-gm1391247331-447930369?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eAlexyz3d\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mit-spinout-turns-engines-into-methane-munchers\\\"\u003eMIT spinout uses engines to turn trash gas into green fuel ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/undergrads-develop-hydrogen-engine\\\"\u003eUndergraduates develop hydrogen-powered engine in a first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/porsche-6-stroke-engine-innovation\\\"\u003ePorsche's 6-stroke engine boasts double power, higher ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122484,\"tags\":[\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"Missile\",\"Nuclear\",\"Nuclear missiles\",\"nuclear submarines\",\"Submarines\",\"US Navy\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"slug\":\"defense-military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/defense-military\"},{\"name\":\"Missile\",\"slug\":\"missile\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/missile\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear\",\"slug\":\"nuclear\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear missiles\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-missiles\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-missiles\"},{\"name\":\"nuclear submarines\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-submarines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-submarines\"},{\"name\":\"Submarines\",\"slug\":\"submarines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/submarines\"},{\"name\":\"US Navy\",\"slug\":\"us-navy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/us-navy\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Military\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$ac\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"military\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":19,\"title\":\"US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N would fulfill a critical role as a sea-based nuclear deterrent below the strategic level on the nuclear escalation ladder.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N would fulfill a critical role as a sea-based nuclear deterrent below the strategic level on the nuclear escalation ladder.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4233,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$ad\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-6th-gen-fighter-2\\\"\u003eUS Navy’s 6th-gen fighter pursues unique design, independent of Air Force NGAD\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/usaf-stand-in-attack-missile\\\"\u003eUS Air Force gets first long-range, high-speed stand-in attack missile for F-35s\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-aim-174b-missiles\\\"\u003eUS’ new missile outranges Beijing’s top weapon, could shift power in South China Sea\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T18:46:13\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T18:46:19\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 01:46 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 01:46 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\",\"title\":\"US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades\",\"name\":\"US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades\",\"alt_text\":\"US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades\",\"description\":\"Representative image.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ballistic-missile-launch-from-underwater-gm1262642973-369465735\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eAlexyz3d\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn a surprising development, the US Navy has released a Request for Information (RFI) regarding the development of a Nuclear-Armed Sea-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM-N).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe initiative aims to establish a modular and resilient cruise missile system that delivers a proportional response while ensuring essential adversary targets remain vulnerable.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal is to deploy an operational system by fiscal year 2034, with prototype tests anticipated within the next three years.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ae\",\"$af\",\"$b0\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSupporters of the SLCM-N contend that it provides a flexible and survivable nuclear option capable of deployment in various regions without needing to station nuclear assets on allied territories.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N would fulfill a critical role as a sea-based nuclear deterrent below the strategic level on the nuclear escalation ladder, emphasizing that the commander-in-chief should have access to such options.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar to its predecessor, the Navy\u0026#8217;s discontinued TLAM-N, the SLCM-N is envisioned as a lower-yield nuclear weapon launched from submarines that would add a new dimension to the maritime segment of the nuclear triad, allowing the United States to respond proportionately to a limited nuclear attack by an adversary.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representative image.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ballistic-missile-launch-from-underwater-gm1262642973-369465735\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eAlexyz3d\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-6th-gen-fighter-2\\\"\u003eUS Navy’s 6th-gen fighter pursues unique design, independent of Air Force NGAD\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/usaf-stand-in-attack-missile\\\"\u003eUS Air Force gets first long-range, high-speed stand-in attack missile for F-35s\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-aim-174b-missiles\\\"\u003eUS’ new missile outranges Beijing’s top weapon, could shift power in South China Sea\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":121611,\"tags\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Aerospace\",\"slug\":\"aerospace\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/aerospace\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$b1\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn an exclusive with IE, HALO Space\u0026#8217;s CEO and CTO discussed the tech powering the Aurora capsule, and their vision for near-space exploration.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn an exclusive with IE, HALO Space\u0026#8217;s CEO and CTO discussed the tech powering the Aurora capsule, and their vision for near-space exploration.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":9292,\"readTime\":\"7 minutes\",\"body\":\"$b2\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/halo-space-aurora-capsule\\\"\u003eHalo Space: how 'Aurora' balloons bring near-space tourism to all\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/iot-sateliot-5g-space-everywhere\\\"\u003eIoT: How Sateliot is bringing 5G from space to ‘absolutely everywhere’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spacex-gm-space-solar-power\\\"\u003eFormer SpaceX, General Motors engineers turn to space-based solar power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T18:26:34\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T18:31:21\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 01:26 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 01:31 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"title\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"name\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"alt_text\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"description\":\"The Aurora space capsule in flight, suspended by a balloon/parachute system.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\\\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"slug\":\"sade-agard\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/DoK2hv5YUdDF.png\",\"page_url\":\"sade-agard\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sade-agard\",\"description\":\"Sade is a geology graduate and Fellow of The Geological Society of London who she has experience publishing for. She enjoys writing and editing features of a range of scientific topics, with special interest in Earth science. Based in Windsor, Sade enjoys travelling to various sites of outstanding nature and has also lived in Thailand for a year.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eHALO Space, a Spanish startup, is bringing near-space tourism closer to reality with its \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/halo-space-aurora-capsule\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAurora\u003c/em\u003e capsule\u003c/a\u003e. Better yet, if flying to the edge of space sounds like your dream experience, you can join a waiting list.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe stratospheric balloon system is designed to carry passengers 22 miles (35 kilometers) above the Earth\u0026#8217;s surface, offering an experience different from rocket-based space tourism.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHALO Space\u003c/em\u003e expanded its testing and assembly operations to Saudi Arabia last month, which is a significant step forward.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b3\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA tranquil ascent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Instead of the high-G forces and intense speeds typical of rocket launches, the Aurora capsule rises gradually,\u0026#8221; they said. This approach offers a peaceful journey with spectacular views of Earth\u0026#8217;s curvature and space\u0026#8217;s darkness.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMira and Castillo then highlighted the sustainability aspect of the stratospheric balloon system.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026#8216;Reduced carbon footprint\u0026#8217;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The use of helium balloons dramatically reduces the carbon footprint compared to rocket-based launches, making it a greener alternative for space tourism,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccessibility\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, since it avoids the physical demands of high-speed rocket travel, the Aurora capsule is accessible to a broader range of passengers. Miro and Castillo explained that this includes those who might need to be physically fit for traditional space travel.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b4\",\"$b5\",\"$b6\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTechnology testing\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the near-space environment offers conditions similar to those found in space. Such conditions include low temperatures, high radiation, and near-vacuum pressures.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Companies can use the Aurora capsule to test new space technologies in these conditions at a lower cost than launching satellites or rockets,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b7\",\"$b8\",\"$b9\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey argued that by focusing on accessibility, sustainability, and safety, HALO Space opens the door to new possibilities for space tourism, scientific discovery, and commercial innovation. \u0026#8220;Our goal is not just to take passengers on an unforgettable journey but to inspire a deeper connection to the planet and our place in the universe,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo concluded.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We believe that the Aurora capsule offers not just an adventure, but a transformative experience that will forever change how people see the world.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The Aurora space capsule in flight, suspended by a balloon/parachute system.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\\\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/halo-space-aurora-capsule\\\"\u003eHalo Space: how 'Aurora' balloons bring near-space tourism to all\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/iot-sateliot-5g-space-everywhere\\\"\u003eIoT: How Sateliot is bringing 5G from space to ‘absolutely everywhere’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spacex-gm-space-solar-power\\\"\u003eFormer SpaceX, General Motors engineers turn to space-based solar power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/post-121611-speech-20241119183535.mp3\"},{\"id\":122351,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"Autonomous Surgery\",\"da Vinci\",\"Lung Transplant\",\"Lungs\",\"Machine Learning\",\"NYU Langone\",\"organ transplant\",\"robot\",\"Robotic Surgery\",\"Surgery\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"Autonomous Surgery\",\"slug\":\"autonomous-surgery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/autonomous-surgery\"},{\"name\":\"da Vinci\",\"slug\":\"da-vinci\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/da-vinci\"},{\"name\":\"Lung Transplant\",\"slug\":\"lung-transplant\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lung-transplant\"},{\"name\":\"Lungs\",\"slug\":\"lungs\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lungs\"},{\"name\":\"Machine Learning\",\"slug\":\"machine-learning\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/machine-learning\"},{\"name\":\"NYU Langone\",\"slug\":\"nyu-langone\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nyu-langone\"},{\"name\":\"organ transplant\",\"slug\":\"organ-transplant\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/organ-transplant\"},{\"name\":\"robot\",\"slug\":\"robot\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robot\"},{\"name\":\"Robotic Surgery\",\"slug\":\"robotic-surgery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robotic-surgery\"},{\"name\":\"Surgery\",\"slug\":\"surgery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/surgery\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Health\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Health\",\"slug\":\"health\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/health\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$ba\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"health\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":10,\"title\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eSmall rib incisions enabled a robotic system to remove, prepare, and implant lungs, completing a fully robotic double lung transplant.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eSmall rib incisions enabled a robotic system to remove, prepare, and implant lungs, completing a fully robotic double lung transplant.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3794,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$bb\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-nails-surgery-lik-human-doctor\\\"\u003eBreakthrough robot nails surgery like a human doctor after watching videos \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/ai-robot-surgery-shocks-internet\\\"\u003eWorld’s 1st robot surgeon concept for head-swap surgery shocks internet \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/lab-made-muscle-with-new-laser-tech\\\"\u003eLab-made muscle: New laser tech grows real human tissues to replace lab rats\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T16:36:38\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T16:44:06\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 11:36 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 11:44 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\",\"title\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\",\"name\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\",\"alt_text\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\",\"description\":\"Both lungs were transplanted using robotic techniques.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://nyulangone.org/news/nyu-langone-performs-first-fully-robotic-lung-transplant-united-states\\\"\u003eNYU Langone Health\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eNew York University (NYU) Langone Health achieved a medical milestone by performing the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA 57-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) underwent a double lung transplant using the da Vinci Xi robotic system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSmall incisions between the ribs allowed the robotic system to remove each lung, prepare the surgical site, and implant the new lungs. Both lungs were successfully transplanted entirely with robotic techniques.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the team, the procedure showcases a breakthrough in robotic surgery and advances minimally invasive care.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$bc\",\"$bd\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the da Vinci system is known for input inaccuracies, researchers overcame this by focusing on relative movements instead of absolute actions. This adjustment improved precision and adaptability, allowing the robot to generalize to new environments and tasks, such as recovering a dropped needle during surgery.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe new model streamlines robot training, enabling surgical robots to learn procedures in days rather than years. According to experts, the innovation has the potential to advance surgical autonomy, minimize errors, and enhance procedural accuracy, marking a significant leap forward in robotic medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Both lungs were transplanted using robotic techniques.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://nyulangone.org/news/nyu-langone-performs-first-fully-robotic-lung-transplant-united-states\\\"\u003eNYU Langone Health\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-nails-surgery-lik-human-doctor\\\"\u003eBreakthrough robot nails surgery like a human doctor after watching videos \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/ai-robot-surgery-shocks-internet\\\"\u003eWorld’s 1st robot surgeon concept for head-swap surgery shocks internet \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/lab-made-muscle-with-new-laser-tech\\\"\u003eLab-made muscle: New laser tech grows real human tissues to replace lab rats\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122381,\"tags\":[\"Starlink rival\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Starlink rival\",\"slug\":\"starlink-rival\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/starlink-rival\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$be\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eBrazilian officials have been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eBrazilian officials have been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3770,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$bf\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/japan-finally-built-worlds-first-wooden-satellite\\\"\u003eWorld's 1st wood satellite ready to blast off on SpaceX rocket\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/boeing-built-satellite-breaks-up-in-orbit\\\"\u003eBoeing-built satellite blows up into bits in space, cutting ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/worlds-1-wooden-satellite-launched-by-japan\\\"\u003eJapan sends world's 1st wooden satellite on 6-month ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T15:53:33\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T15:59:16\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 10:53 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 10:59 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png\",\"title\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"name\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"alt_text\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"description\":\"SpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based internet access to areas with limited connectivity. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/satellite-and-planet-gm181075945-25438464?searchscope=image,film\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eenot-poloskun\u003c/a\u003e/AdrianHancu\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA Chinese company is challenging dominance of Elon Musk\u0026#8217;s Starlink in the Latin American region. Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet in the region.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe firm signed an MoU with Brazil’s state-owned telecoms company Telecomunicacoes Brasileiras (Telebras) during the recent visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInitially, the plan is to study the demand for satellite internet areas where fiber optic infrastructure doesn’t work.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c0\",\"$c1\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eShanghai Spacesail Technologies Co., Ltd. has begun business negotiations with dozens of countries to promote the global commercial application and services of its constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, China has 1,059 satellites in orbit, 492 of which are commercial satellites. By the end of June this year, 546 commercial space enterprises were registered and effectively operating in \u003ca href=\\\"http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinavoices/2024-11/21/content_117561027.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBrazil\u0026#8217;s deal with SpaceSail is likely aimed at warning Elon Musk and Starlink, which is the world\u0026#8217;s first and largest satellite constellation using a low Earth orbit to deliver broadband internet capable of supporting streaming, online gaming, video calls and more.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"SpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based internet access to areas with limited connectivity. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/satellite-and-planet-gm181075945-25438464?searchscope=image,film\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eenot-poloskun\u003c/a\u003e/AdrianHancu\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/japan-finally-built-worlds-first-wooden-satellite\\\"\u003eWorld's 1st wood satellite ready to blast off on SpaceX rocket\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/boeing-built-satellite-breaks-up-in-orbit\\\"\u003eBoeing-built satellite blows up into bits in space, cutting ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/worlds-1-wooden-satellite-launched-by-japan\\\"\u003eJapan sends world's 1st wooden satellite on 6-month ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"recommendations\":[{\"id\":122549,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"fusion energy\",\"Nuclear Fusion\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"fusion energy\",\"slug\":\"fusion-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fusion-energy\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear Fusion\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-fusion\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-fusion\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$c2\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe project includes achieving a sustained burning plasma, extracting, and converting energy.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe project includes achieving a sustained burning plasma, extracting, and converting energy.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3049,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$c3\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-fuel-breakthrough#:~:text=Fusion%2C%20the%20process%20that%20powers,replicate%20this%20process%20on%20Earth.\\\"\u003ePrinceton achieves 10x reduction in tritium needs for nuclear ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost\\\"\u003eTokamak Energy's egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor gets ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\\\"\u003eWorld's largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23T13:22:36\",\"timeAgo\":\"an hour ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-23T13:22:45\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 08:22 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 08:22 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-28.png\",\"title\":\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\",\"name\":\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\",\"alt_text\":\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\",\"description\":\"FAST's system aims for a power generation of 50 to 100 MW. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/iter-fusion-reactor-tokamak-thermonuclear-experimental-power-plant-gm1356572281-430708300\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eFilipp Borshch\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eJapan has launched the FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Fusion by Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (FAST) project aims to demonstrate an integrated fusion energy system that combines energy conversion, including electricity generation and fuel technologies, according to reports.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA tokamak configuration will be chosen under the project for its well-established data and scalability.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe project aims to address the remaining technical challenges en route to commercial fusion power plants.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c4\",\"$c5\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eA thorough evaluation of the internal and external environment, including technology, funding, regulation and policy, will be conducted during the transition to detailed design, where a decision will be made on the feasibility of execution. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFAST aims to provide a comprehensive and unique platform to develop technologies applicable to practical fusion power plants worldwide, including demonstration devices and fusion \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/japan-launches-fast-fusion-project\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003epilot plants\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"FAST's system aims for a power generation of 50 to 100 MW. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/iter-fusion-reactor-tokamak-thermonuclear-experimental-power-plant-gm1356572281-430708300\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eFilipp Borshch\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-fuel-breakthrough#:~:text=Fusion%2C%20the%20process%20that%20powers,replicate%20this%20process%20on%20Earth.\\\"\u003ePrinceton achieves 10x reduction in tritium needs for nuclear ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost\\\"\u003eTokamak Energy's egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor gets ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\\\"\u003eWorld's largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122491,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"microreactor\",\"Radiant\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"microreactor\",\"slug\":\"microreactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/microreactor\"},{\"name\":\"Radiant\",\"slug\":\"radiant\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/radiant\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$c6\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"US\u0026#8217; nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe reactor safety system triggers a shutdown within 300 milliseconds of detecting an emergency condition.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe reactor safety system triggers a shutdown within 300 milliseconds of detecting an emergency condition.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3728,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$c7\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us\\\"\u003eHermes 2: US launches molten-salt nuclear reactor to power ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\\\"\u003eWorld's largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\\\"\u003eSpace-Age material to boost next-gen modular nuclear ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23T09:58:58\",\"timeAgo\":\"4 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-23T09:59:12\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 04:58 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 04:59 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-27.png\",\"title\":\"US\u0026#8217; nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\",\"name\":\"US\u0026#8217; nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\",\"alt_text\":\"US\u0026#8217; nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\",\"description\":\"Radiant Industries' Kaleidos microreactor.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.radiantnuclear.com/blog/passive-cooldown-demo/\\\"\u003eRadiant\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA California-based developer of microreactors has completed a critical passive cooldown demonstration of its prototype Kaleidos system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped by Radiant Industries, the Kaleidos microreactor is one of the designs that are on track to be part of a historic test at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in the world\u0026#8217;s first microreactor test bed as early as mid-2026.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe completion of its front-end engineering and experiment design (FEEED) phase at the INL is a major step to bringing the world\u0026#8217;s first factory-constructed microreactors to market.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c8\",\"$c9\",\"$ca\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Radiant Industries' Kaleidos microreactor.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.radiantnuclear.com/blog/passive-cooldown-demo/\\\"\u003eRadiant\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us\\\"\u003eHermes 2: US launches molten-salt nuclear reactor to power ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\\\"\u003eWorld's largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\\\"\u003eSpace-Age material to boost next-gen modular nuclear ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122212,\"tags\":[\"Perovskite\",\"Perovskite efficiency\",\"Perovskite Solar Cells\",\"protective coating\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Perovskite\",\"slug\":\"perovskite\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/perovskite\"},{\"name\":\"Perovskite efficiency\",\"slug\":\"perovskite-efficiency\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/perovskite-efficiency\"},{\"name\":\"Perovskite Solar Cells\",\"slug\":\"perovskite-solar-cells\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/perovskite-solar-cells\"},{\"name\":\"protective coating\",\"slug\":\"protective-coating\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/protective-coating\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$cb\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3680,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$cc\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough#:~:text=While%20silicon%2Dbased%20solar%20panels,have%20hindered%20their%20widespread%20adoption.\\\"\u003eBreakthrough in perovskite tech extends solar cell life by 66%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-fabrication-method-cityuhk\\\"\u003eStunning solar cells offer 25% efficiency, 95% stability after ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/korean-institute-perovskite-solar-module-record\\\"\u003eKRICT's 20.6% efficient large-area perovskite cells set ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:00\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:08\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:11 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:11 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"title\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"name\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"alt_text\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"description\":\"Northwestern University scientists improved the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\\\"\u003eNU\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new protective coating has significantly increased the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Northwestern University scientists, the coating also extends the life of perovskite solar cells. Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$cd\",\"$ce\",\"$cf\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Northwestern University scientists improved the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\\\"\u003eNU\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough#:~:text=While%20silicon%2Dbased%20solar%20panels,have%20hindered%20their%20widespread%20adoption.\\\"\u003eBreakthrough in perovskite tech extends solar cell life by 66%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-fabrication-method-cityuhk\\\"\u003eStunning solar cells offer 25% efficiency, 95% stability after ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/korean-institute-perovskite-solar-module-record\\\"\u003eKRICT's 20.6% efficient large-area perovskite cells set ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122277,\"tags\":[\"France\",\"Fusion reactor\",\"International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor\",\"ITER\",\"nuclear energy\",\"South Korea\",\"Vacuum vessel\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"France\",\"slug\":\"france\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/france\"},{\"name\":\"Fusion reactor\",\"slug\":\"fusion-reactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fusion-reactor\"},{\"name\":\"International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor\",\"slug\":\"international-thermonuclear-experimental-reactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/international-thermonuclear-experimental-reactor\"},{\"name\":\"ITER\",\"slug\":\"iter\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/iter\"},{\"name\":\"nuclear energy\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-energy\"},{\"name\":\"South Korea\",\"slug\":\"south-korea\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/south-korea\"},{\"name\":\"Vacuum vessel\",\"slug\":\"vacuum-vessel\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/vacuum-vessel\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$d0\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel has nine sectors and 44 ports for diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel has nine sectors and 44 ports for diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3532,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$d1\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\\\"\u003eHow nuclear fusion could transform health, energy, and electric cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\\\"\u003eSSAB and Parmaco to build world’s first fossil-free steel building in 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\\\"\u003eAI expert warns against digital colonization in Africa by foreign bodies\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T12:02:49\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T12:05:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 07:02 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 07:05 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\",\"title\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"name\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"alt_text\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"description\":\"The ITER vacuum vessel sustains ultra-high-temperature plasma for nuclear fusion by maintaining a high vacuum.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065679\\\"\u003eKorea Institute of Fusion Energy\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessel sectors for the world\u0026#8217;s largest fusion project, made in South Korea, have been delivered to the construction site in Cadarache, France.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFour of the nine vacuum vessel sectors for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) were built in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy Industries at its large shipyard in Ulsan.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessels will improve radiation shielding and plasma stability by providing a high vacuum environment for the plasma. The fusion reactions will be housed in the vessel, which will also offer access to remote handling procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d2\",\"$d3\",\"$d4\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The ITER vacuum vessel sustains ultra-high-temperature plasma for nuclear fusion by maintaining a high vacuum.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065679\\\"\u003eKorea Institute of Fusion Energy\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\\\"\u003eHow nuclear fusion could transform health, energy, and electric cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\\\"\u003eSSAB and Parmaco to build world’s first fossil-free steel building in 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\\\"\u003eAI expert warns against digital colonization in Africa by foreign bodies\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"popular\":[{\"id\":122350,\"tags\":[\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$d5\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eSpecialized coatings help keep astronauts keep safe and save millions every year for machine industry. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eSpecialized coatings help keep astronauts keep safe and save millions every year for machine industry. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3932,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$d6\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/rare-earth-oxides-turbine-engine\\\"\u003eTurbine engines run at record 3,300°F with rare Earth oxide coating\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-coating-stops-biofouling-of-solar-cells\\\"\u003eNew coating keeps underwater solar cells 100% powerful, biofoul free\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-cell-coating-boosts-efficiency\\\"\u003eNew coating removes solar panel defects, boosts efficiency to 31%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 09:59 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 09:59 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"title\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"name\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"alt_text\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"description\":\"Representational stock image of jet engine powered plane. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/f-a-18c-hornet-catapult-launch-gm118958406-12105473?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003ezoltanpocza/iStock\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/Uy0OTzksC7lW.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\",\"description\":\"Ameya is a science writer based in Hyderabad, India. A Molecular Biologist at heart, he traded the micropipette to write about science during the pandemic and does not want to go back. He likes to write about genetics, microbes, technology, and public policy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the frying pan in the kitchen to airplanes in the sky, everything has a thin layer of coating that delivers an extra attribute that would have been impossible to achieve otherwise. These coatings are made of different materials and applied differently, but when engineering has reached its limits, coatings have always outperformed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEveryday objects, from pans and pots to cars we drive around in, have a coating for a specialized function. This could be to prevent food from sticking to them or to prevent fires from spreading rapidly. Even massive ships use special coatings to prevent marine life forms from attaching themselves to the hull and increasing friction during voyages.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d7\",\"$d8\",\"$d9\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational stock image of jet engine powered plane. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/f-a-18c-hornet-catapult-launch-gm118958406-12105473?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003ezoltanpocza/iStock\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/rare-earth-oxides-turbine-engine\\\"\u003eTurbine engines run at record 3,300°F with rare Earth oxide coating\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-coating-stops-biofouling-of-solar-cells\\\"\u003eNew coating keeps underwater solar cells 100% powerful, biofoul free\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-cell-coating-boosts-efficiency\\\"\u003eNew coating removes solar panel defects, boosts efficiency to 31%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122428,\"tags\":[],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$da\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":2,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype grew as the Tesla Bot Action Figure, mirroring its larger counterpart, sold out in under 24 hours. What made it so popular?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype grew as the Tesla Bot Action Figure, mirroring its larger counterpart, sold out in under 24 hours. What made it so popular?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":507,\"readTime\":\"1 minute\",\"body\":\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype soared with the release of the Tesla Bot Action Figure. Designed to resemble and move like its full-scale counterpart, the collectible sold out in less than 24 hours, captivating fans and collectors alike.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe allure lies in its connection to the groundbreaking Optimus robot and Tesla’s vision of the future. As a tangible piece of cutting-edge robotics, the figure offers a unique way to engage with Tesla’s innovation, fueling excitement among enthusiasts.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:25:32\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:26:12\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:25 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:26 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\",\"title\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"name\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"alt_text\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"description\":\"\",\"reference\":\"\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Pelin Sener\",\"slug\":\"pelin-sener\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/411024a83be8b93d071003ffe36836e8?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"pelin-sener\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/pelin-sener\",\"description\":\"\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype soared with the release of the Tesla Bot Action Figure. Designed to resemble and move like its full-scale counterpart, the collectible sold out in less than 24 hours, captivating fans and collectors alike.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe allure lies in its connection to the groundbreaking Optimus robot and Tesla’s vision of the future. As a tangible piece of cutting-edge robotics, the figure offers a unique way to engage with Tesla’s innovation, fueling excitement among enthusiasts.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":5,\"source_target\":\"cdEMUpYl\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"video_source_type\":\"5\",\"video_source_target\":\"cdEMUpYl\",\"connatix_body_script\":\"\",\"feed_video_source_target\":\"cdEMUpYl\",\"feed_video_upload_date\":\"\",\"feed_video_description\":\"\",\"feed_video_duration\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122287,\"tags\":[],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$db\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":2,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has defined global trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Now, Mexico\u0026#8217;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has defined global trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Now, Mexico\u0026#8217;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":5126,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$dc\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:24:58\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:58:06\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:58 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\",\"title\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"name\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"alt_text\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"description\":\"\",\"reference\":\"\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"slug\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Untitled-22.png\",\"page_url\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2\",\"description\":\"Kaif Shaikh is a journalist and writer passionate about turning complex information into clear, impactful stories. His writing covers technology, sustainability, geopolitics, and occasionally fiction. In the digital media space, he has worked with leaders from industries as diverse as immunology, AI, SaaS, manufacturing, and even furniture. Apart from the long list of things he does outside work, he likes to read, breathe, and practice gratitude.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has stood as a monumental conduit for maritime trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Yet, nestled in southern Mexico, another ambitious pathway, the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, seeks to challenge this maritime supremacy.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eImagined long before the Panama Canal was completed, this corridor has been a dream laden with both risk and ruin.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$dd\",\"$de\",\"$df\",\"$e0\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs Mexico stands at the threshold of realizing a centuries-old dream, the question remains: What price are we willing to pay for progress?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOur exclusive video takes you behind the scenes of this transformative project, offering a detailed analysis of the corridor\u0026#8217;s global impact and in-depth technical insights.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":5,\"source_target\":\"eBa7qG1Y\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"video_source_type\":\"5\",\"video_source_target\":\"eBa7qG1Y\",\"connatix_body_script\":\"\",\"feed_video_source_target\":\"eBa7qG1Y\",\"feed_video_upload_date\":\"\",\"feed_video_description\":\"\",\"feed_video_duration\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122212,\"tags\":[\"Perovskite\",\"Perovskite efficiency\",\"Perovskite Solar Cells\",\"protective coating\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Perovskite\",\"slug\":\"perovskite\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/perovskite\"},{\"name\":\"Perovskite efficiency\",\"slug\":\"perovskite-efficiency\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/perovskite-efficiency\"},{\"name\":\"Perovskite Solar Cells\",\"slug\":\"perovskite-solar-cells\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/perovskite-solar-cells\"},{\"name\":\"protective coating\",\"slug\":\"protective-coating\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/protective-coating\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$e1\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3680,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$e2\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough#:~:text=While%20silicon%2Dbased%20solar%20panels,have%20hindered%20their%20widespread%20adoption.\\\"\u003eBreakthrough in perovskite tech extends solar cell life by 66%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-fabrication-method-cityuhk\\\"\u003eStunning solar cells offer 25% efficiency, 95% stability after ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/korean-institute-perovskite-solar-module-record\\\"\u003eKRICT's 20.6% efficient large-area perovskite cells set ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:00\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:11:08\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:11 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:11 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\",\"title\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"name\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"alt_text\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\",\"description\":\"Northwestern University scientists improved the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\\\"\u003eNU\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new protective coating has significantly increased the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Northwestern University scientists, the coating also extends the life of perovskite solar cells. Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$e3\",\"$e4\",\"$e5\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Northwestern University scientists improved the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\\\"\u003eNU\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough#:~:text=While%20silicon%2Dbased%20solar%20panels,have%20hindered%20their%20widespread%20adoption.\\\"\u003eBreakthrough in perovskite tech extends solar cell life by 66%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-fabrication-method-cityuhk\\\"\u003eStunning solar cells offer 25% efficiency, 95% stability after ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/korean-institute-perovskite-solar-module-record\\\"\u003eKRICT's 20.6% efficient large-area perovskite cells set ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"comments\":[],\"editorsPick\":[],\"latestArticles\":[{\"id\":122619,\"title\":\"Robot drummer that's faster than humans could help musicians hone their craft\",\"slug\":\"robot-drummer-faster-than-humans\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 14:21:04\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Called ZRob, the new robotic drummer could help human musicians reach new heights of creativity.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/robotic-drummer.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":4,\"author\":{\"id\":59936,\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-drummer-faster-than-humans\"},{\"id\":122660,\"title\":\"Exceptional quantum gate with 99.9% fidelity promises errorless computing\",\"slug\":\"dtc-quantum-gate-with-high-fidelity\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 13:44:46\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Double-transmon coupler is no longer just a concept, scientists make the first-ever quantum gate based on a real DTC.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quantum-gate.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50085,\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/dtc-quantum-gate-with-high-fidelity\"},{\"id\":122650,\"title\":\"Huawei AI chips to power China's next-gen surgery tech for medical breakthroughs\",\"slug\":\"huawei-ai-chips-power-china-next-generation-surgery-technology\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 13:32:39\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Hong Kong, set up by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is leveraging Huawei’s AI chips to power its Cares Copilot model, designed to assist in surgical procedures.\\n\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-1920x1080-new-chips.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62127,\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan.stojkovski@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/huawei-ai-chips-power-china-next-generation-surgery-technology\"},{\"id\":122549,\"title\":\"Japan launches FAST fusion project to achieve limitless energy by 2030\",\"slug\":\"fusion-energy-power-generation\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 13:22:36\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The project includes achieving a sustained burning plasma, extracting, and converting energy.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-28.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62198,\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat.mishra@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-energy-power-generation\"},{\"id\":122635,\"title\":\"Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists\",\"slug\":\"youngest-planet-ever-discovered\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 11:31:50\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The new exoplanet is not only very young compared to the age of its parent star, but is also orbiting at a strange angle.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/baby-exoplanet.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":59936,\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":652,\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":652,\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered\"},{\"id\":122624,\"title\":\"China military's supercomputer tops global rankings, clocks 6,320 MTEPS/W\",\"slug\":\"chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-rankings\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 11:17:21\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The Tianhe Exa-node Prototype supercomputer has ranked first in Green Graph500's big data category, achieving its second win since 2021.\\n\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/iStock-11481962011.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62127,\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan.stojkovski@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-rankings\"},{\"id\":122491,\"title\":\"US' nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency\",\"slug\":\"radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 09:58:58\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The reactor safety system triggers a shutdown within 300 milliseconds of detecting an emergency condition.\\n\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-27.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62198,\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat.mishra@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown\"},{\"id\":122602,\"title\":\"Most-studied Roman aqueduct near Dorchester longer than previous estimates: Study\",\"slug\":\"most-studied-roman-aqueduct-near-dorchester-found-to-extend-two-kilometers\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 09:31:30\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The aqueduct, now found to be two kilometers longer, helped supply fresh water to Durnovaria (modern Dorchester), fueling public baths, fountains, and homes in Roman Britain.\\n\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Course-of-the-Dorchester-Roman-Aqueduct.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62608,\"name\":\"Gairika Mitra\",\"slug\":\"gmitra972@gmail.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/gairika-mitra\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":6,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":6,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/most-studied-roman-aqueduct-near-dorchester-found-to-extend-two-kilometers\"},{\"id\":122560,\"title\":\"'Cosmic censorship' confirmed: New quantum model unlocks black hole singularities\",\"slug\":\"black-hole-singularity-remains-hidden\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 07:52:12\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The model shows that quantum effects cause an event horizon to form around a naked singularity, hiding it from view.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Black-hole.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50085,\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/black-hole-singularity-remains-hidden\"},{\"id\":122492,\"title\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"slug\":\"how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23 07:09:01\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Scientists at UC Berkeley have developed a new chemical recycling process that allows for plastic creation to happen from scratch.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":6,\"author\":{\"id\":50055,\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"slug\":\"chris-young\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\"}],\"trendingArticles\":[{\"id\":122314,\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"slug\":\"quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22 10:55:56\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"In TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":4,\"author\":{\"id\":50085,\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"},{\"id\":122284,\"title\":\"US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub\",\"slug\":\"us-nuclear-deterrence-need\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22 09:33:23\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"One of the key highlights of the report is that the US plans to deter multiple nuclear-armed adversaries simultaneously.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-94-1.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":4,\"author\":{\"id\":61918,\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"slug\":\"abhishekbhardwaj\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj\"},\"comment_count\":1,\"main_category\":{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\"},{\"id\":122247,\"title\":\"US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide\",\"slug\":\"autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 20:44:36\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The Swift robots offer enhanced resolution capabilities of 7 centimeters, which match or surpass traditional aerial survey quality.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T004057.652.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62711,\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil.kajal@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\"},\"comment_count\":3,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere\"},{\"id\":122094,\"title\":\"World’s thinnest spaghetti that's 200 times thinner than a human hair created\",\"slug\":\"world-thinnest-spaghetti-created-ucl\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 17:30:00\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The ultrathin “spaghetti” was produced using electrospinning, a technique where an electric charge pulls threads of a liquid mixture through a needle onto a metal plate. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181933.551.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62332,\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"slug\":\"srishti.gupta@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-thinnest-spaghetti-created-ucl\"},{\"id\":122084,\"title\":\"New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells\",\"slug\":\"non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 14:50:26\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Alsym cells are inherently dendrite-free and immune to conditions that could lead to thermal runaway and its catastrophic consequences.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-20.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62198,\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat.mishra@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\"},\"comment_count\":1,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\"},{\"id\":122111,\"title\":\"Carbon fiber cathodes to power next-gen small modular nuclear fusion reactors\",\"slug\":\"new-material-to-power-smr\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 13:46:54\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"KULR's space-proven carbon fiber cathodes were initially designed for extreme conditions found in aerospace and defense applications.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Fusion-cathode.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62236,\"name\":\"Aman Tripathi\",\"slug\":\"aman.tripathi@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi\"},\"comment_count\":1,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\"},{\"id\":121979,\"title\":\"Drones to soar without GPS using unique fingerprint-inspired navigation tech\",\"slug\":\"drones-to-soar-without-gps-using-fingerprint-tech\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 12:54:47\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The technology uses neuromorphic sensors to track terrain changes, matching data to an Earth surface database for precise navigation.\\n\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T154837.874.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50114,\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drones-to-soar-without-gps-using-fingerprint-tech\"},{\"id\":121983,\"title\":\"Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power\",\"slug\":\"first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 10:54:07\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Kairos' power plant will feature 35-MWth reactors with a combined generation capacity of 20 MWe. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR1.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50086,\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us\"},{\"id\":122034,\"title\":\"Egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor lands big backing for 880 MW power plant\",\"slug\":\"tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 10:25:57\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Tokamak Energy recently shared the initial blueprints for its pilot power plant.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Tokamak-Energy.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62236,\"name\":\"Aman Tripathi\",\"slug\":\"aman.tripathi@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost\"},{\"id\":121962,\"title\":\"Honda’s game-changing solid-state EV battery line unveiled in Japan \",\"slug\":\"honda-solid-state-ev-battery-demo-line\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 09:04:15\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"By 2040, Honda aims for 100% of global vehicle sales to be EV or FCEV, with all-solid-state batteries playing a critical role in achieving this goal.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-54-1.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62578,\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"slug\":\"sujita.sinha@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":7,\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":7,\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/honda-solid-state-ev-battery-demo-line\"}],\"articleUrl\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"authorData\":{\"id\":50085,\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"userData\":{\"linkedin_url\":\"\",\"email\":\"simplyentangling0101@gmail.com\"}},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},\"articleId\":\"quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"}}],[\"$\",\"$Le6\",null,{}]]}],[\"$\",\"$Le7\",null,{}],\"\"]\n"])</script><script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8e71d413e872ce63',t:'MTczMjM3MTkyNS4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body></html>