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Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88" title="موبوتو سيسي سيكو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موبوتو سيسي سيكو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88" title="موبوتو سسسوکو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موبوتو سسسوکو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B" title="মোবুতু সেসে সেকো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মোবুতু সেসে সেকো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Мабуту Сесе Секо – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мабуту Сесе Секо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Мобуту Сесе Секо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мобуту Сесе Секо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88" title="موبوتو سيسي سيكو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موبوتو سيسي سيكو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B5_%CE%A3%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%BF" title="Μομπούτου Σέσε Σέκο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μομπούτου Σέσε Σέκο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88" title="موبوتو سسه سوکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موبوتو سسه سوکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%B6%80%ED%88%AC_%EC%84%B8%EC%84%B8_%EC%84%B8%EC%BD%94" title="모부투 세세 세코 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모부투 세세 세코" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A5_%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%B8_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Սեսե Սեկո Մաբուտու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սեսե Սեկո Մաբուտու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="कर्नल जॉसेफ़ मोबूतो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कर्नल जॉसेफ़ मोबूतो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95_%D7%A1%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95" title="מובוטו ססה סקו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מובוטו ססה סקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="მობუტუ სესე სეკო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მობუტუ სესე სეკო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosephus_Desideratus_Mobutu" title="Iosephus Desideratus Mobutu – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iosephus Desideratus Mobutu" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मोबुटु सेसे सेको – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोबुटु सेसे सेको" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="მობუტუ სესე სეკო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მობუტუ სესე სეკო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88" title="موبوتو سيسى سيكو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موبوتو سيسى سيكو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88" title="موبوتو سسه سوکو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="موبوتو سسه سوکو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%84%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BB%E3%82%BB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B3" title="モブツ・セセ・セコ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モブツ・セセ・セコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Мобуту Сесе Секо – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мобуту Сесе Секо" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Мобуту Сесе Секо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мобуту Сесе Секо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Мобуту Сесе Секо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мобуту Сесе Секо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B" title="மொபுட்டு செசெ செக்கோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மொபுட்டு செசெ செக்கோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="โมบูตู เซเซ เซโก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โมบูตู เซเซ เซโก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Мобуту Сесе Секо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мобуту Сесе Секо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88" title="موبوتو سیسی سیکو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موبوتو سیسی سیکو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8D%9A%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E7%A7%91" title="蒙博托·塞塞·塞科 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蒙博托·塞塞·塞科" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mobutu Sese Seko" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8D%9A%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E7%A7%91" title="蒙博托·塞塞·塞科 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蒙博托·塞塞·塞科" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8D%9A%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E7%A7%91" title="蒙博托·塞塞·塞科 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div style="display:inline-block; font-size:125%;" class="fn">Mobutu Sese Seko</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mobutu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mobutu.jpg/220px-Mobutu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mobutu.jpg/330px-Mobutu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mobutu.jpg/440px-Mobutu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1130" data-file-height="1695" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Mobutu in 1983</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">President of Zaire</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />24 November 1965 – 16 May 1997</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kasa-Vubu" title="Joseph Kasa-Vubu">Joseph Kasa-Vubu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laurent-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Kabila" title="Laurent-Désiré Kabila">Laurent-Désiré Kabila</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1917-10-14</span>)</span>14 October 1917<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lisala (not yet started)">Lisala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo" title="Belgian Congo">Belgian Congo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 September 1997<span style="display:none">(1997-09-07)</span> (aged 79)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">Congolese</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_Movement_of_the_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popular Movement of the Revolution (not yet started)">Popular Movement of the Revolution</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Marie-Antoinette Mobutu <small>(Deceased)</small><br />Bobi Ladawa</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga</b> (born <b>Joseph-Desiré Mobutu</b>; 14 October 1917 – 7 September 1997) (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Mobutu_Sese_Seko_from_Zaire_pronunciation_(Voice_of_America).ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="audio speaker icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/En-us-Mobutu_Sese_Seko_from_Zaire_pronunciation_%28Voice_of_America%29.ogg" class="internal" title="En-us-Mobutu Sese Seko from Zaire pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg">listen</a></span></span>)</span></span>) was the <a href="/wiki/President" title="President">President</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>. The country was known as <a href="/wiki/Zaire" title="Zaire">Zaire</a> for much of his rule. </p><p>Mobutu is commonly known as <b>Mobutu</b> or <b>Mobutu Sese Seko</b>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a>, Mobutu led a <a href="/wiki/Coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup">coup</a> against the nationalist government of <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba">Patrice Lumumba</a>. He wanted to take control of the government of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_the_Congo_(L%C3%A9opoldville)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) (not yet started)">Congo-Léopoldville</a>. He soon became the army <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chief_of_staff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chief of staff (not yet started)">chief of staff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-infoplease.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infoplease.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1965 he led a second coup to be Prime Minister. Then in 1967 he established a presidential form of government headed by himself. As part of his program of “national authenticity,” Mobutu changed the Congo's name to <a href="/wiki/Zaire" title="Zaire">Zaïre</a> in 1971. He changed his own name to Mobutu Sese Seko in 1972. Mobutu established a <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party state</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">cult of personality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-infoplease.com_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infoplease.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an <a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-communists" title="Category:Anti-communists">anti-communist</a>. </p><p>During his reign, Mobutu built a highly <a href="/wiki/Centralism" title="Centralism">centralized</a> state. He attempted to purge the country of all <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonial</a> cultural influence. He got a large personal fortune through economic exploitation and corruption. Because of this some people called his rule “<a href="/wiki/Kleptocracy" title="Kleptocracy">kleptocracy</a>.” The nation suffered from uncontrolled <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>, a large <a href="/wiki/Debt" title="Debt">debt</a>, and massive <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Devaluation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devaluation (not yet started)">devaluations</a>. By 1991 economic deterioration and unrest led him to agree to share power with opposition leaders. He used the army to stop this change. In May 1997 rebel forces, led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurent_Kabila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurent Kabila (not yet started)">Laurent Kabila</a>, removed him from the country. </p><p>Mobutu Sese Seko is notorious for the corruption, <a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">nepotism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Embezzlement" title="Embezzlement">embezzlement</a> of billions of dollars that took place during his reign. He also had extravagances such as <a href="/wiki/Concorde" title="Concorde">Concorde</a>-flown shopping trips to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-time.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mobutu presided over the country for some four decades, despite many reports of abuses and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human-rights</a> violations. As such, many have described him as the "<a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">archetypal</a> African <a href="/wiki/Dictator" title="Dictator">dictator</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-time.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mobutu died in 1997 of <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobutu_Sese_Seko&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobutu_Sese_Seko&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change 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