CINXE.COM

Shoghi Effendi - Wikipedia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="nl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Shoghi Effendi - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nlwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januari","februari","maart","april","mei","juni","juli","augustus","september","oktober","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"e7d917ec-c30a-45e7-945d-e2fb763e87e6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Shoghi_Effendi","wgTitle":"Shoghi Effendi","wgCurRevisionId":67416364,"wgRevisionId":67416364,"wgArticleId":681812,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Bahai"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Shoghi_Effendi","wgRelevantArticleId":681812,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"nl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":7000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q318441","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Direct-link-to-Commons","ext.gadget.ProtectionTemplates","ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks","ext.gadget.hoofdbetekenis-titelwijziging","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMapFrame","ext.gadget.subpages","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions", "wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&amp;modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nl&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg/1200px-Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1525"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg/800px-Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1016"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg/640px-Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="813"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Shoghi Effendi - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Bewerken" href="/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Shoghi_Effendi rootpage-Shoghi_Effendi skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Naar inhoud springen</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofdmenu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofdmenu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofdmenu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/25_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&amp;returnto=Shoghi+Effendi" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&amp;returnto=Shoghi+Effendi" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&amp;returnto=Shoghi+Effendi" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&amp;returnto=Shoghi+Effendi" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina&#039;s voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bronnen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shoghi Effendi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 30 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Shoghi Effendi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="شوقي أفندي – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شوقي أفندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%B6vqi_%C6%8Ff%C9%99ndi" title="Şövqi Əfəndi – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şövqi Əfəndi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%99%D2%AF%D2%A1%D0%B8_%D3%98%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Шәүҡи Әфәнде – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шәүҡи Әфәнде" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%86%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%81%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="شۆقی ئەفەندی – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شۆقی ئەفەندی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Shoghi Effendi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shoghi Effendi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Shoghi Effendi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi_Rabb%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Shoghi Effendi Rabbání – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Shoghi Effendi Rabbání" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shoghi Effendi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shoghi Effendi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="شوقی افندی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شوقی افندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shoghi Effendi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shoghi Effendi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99" title="שוגי אפנדי – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שוגי אפנדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%AB_%D4%B7%D6%86%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB" title="Շողի Էֆֆենդի – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շողի Էֆֆենդի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogh%C3%AD_Effend%C3%AD" title="Shoghí Effendí – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shoghí Effendí" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shoghi Effendi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3" title="ショーギ・エフェンディ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ショーギ・エフェンディ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Шоги Эффенді – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шоги Эффенді" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi_Rabb%C4%81n%C4%AB" title="Shoghi Effendi Rabbānī – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Shoghi Effendi Rabbānī" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shoghi Effendi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Shoghi Effendi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shoghi Effendi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Шоги Эффенди – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шоги Эффенди" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shoghi Effendi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shoghi Effendi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eevki_Efendi" title="Şevki Efendi – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şevki Efendi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="شوقی آفندی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شوقی آفندی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%8A%AC%E7%AC%AC" title="守基·阿芬第 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="守基·阿芬第" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q318441#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Shoghi_Effendi" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergaven"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Lijst met alle pagina&#039;s die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Shoghi_Effendi" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina&#039;s waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina&#039;s [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;oldid=67416364" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&amp;page=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;id=67416364&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FShoghi_Effendi"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FShoghi_Effendi"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Shoghi+Effendi"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shoghi_Effendi" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q318441" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg/260px-Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg/390px-Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg/520px-Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1649" data-file-height="2095" /></a><figcaption>Shoghi Effendi</figcaption></figure> <table class="toccolours" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:center; border: 1px solid #000066;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <p><b><span style="font-size: 150%; line-height: 150%"><a href="/wiki/Bahai" title="Bahai">Bahai-geloof</a></span></b><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bahai_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bahai ster"><img alt="Bahai ster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/80px-Bahai_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/120px-Bahai_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/160px-Bahai_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; color:#ffffff; background-color:#000066"><b>Centrale figuren</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 88%;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Bahá&#39;u&#39;lláh">Bahá'u'lláh</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">De Báb</a> · <a href="/wiki/%27Abdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="&#39;Abdu&#39;l-Bahá">'Abdu'l-Bahá</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; color:#ffffff; background-color:#000066"><b>Belangrijkste teksten</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 88%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-Aqdas" title="Kitáb-i-Aqdas">Kitáb-i-Aqdas</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-%C3%8Dq%C3%A1n" title="Kitáb-i-Íqán">Kitáb-i-Íqán</a></i><br /> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Verborgen_Woorden" title="Verborgen Woorden">De Verborgen Woorden</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Zeven_Valleien" title="Zeven Valleien">De Zeven Valleien</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; color:#ffffff; background-color:#000066"><b>Instituten</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 88%;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Bahai-bestuur" title="Bahai-bestuur">Bestuur</a><br /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Behoederschap</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Universeel_Huis_van_Gerechtigheid" title="Universeel Huis van Gerechtigheid">Universeel Huis van Gerechtigheid</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Geestelijke_Raad" title="Geestelijke Raad">Geestelijke Raden</a> <br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; color:#ffffff; background-color:#000066"><b>Geschiedenis</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 88%;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_het_bahai" title="Geschiedenis van het bahai">geschiedenis van het bahai</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahai-tijdlijn" title="Bahai-tijdlijn">bahai-tijdlijn</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bisme" title="Bábisme">bábisme</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bahai-geloof_in_Nederland" title="Bahai-geloof in Nederland">bahai-geloof in Nederland</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; color:#ffffff; background-color:#000066"><b>Bekende individuën</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 88%;"> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shoghi Effendi</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Amatu%27l-Bah%C3%A1_R%C3%BAh%C3%ADyyih_Khanum" title="Amatu&#39;l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khanum">Rúhíyyih Khanum</a> · <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1hirih" title="Táhirih">Táhirih</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Bad%C3%AD%27" title="Badí&#39;">Badí'</a> · <a href="/wiki/Apostelen_van_Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Apostelen van Bahá&#39;u&#39;lláh">Apostelen</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Handen_van_de_Zaak" title="Handen van de Zaak">Handen van de Zaak</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; color:#ffffff; background-color:#000066"><b>Zie ook</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 88%;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Bahai-geschriften" title="Bahai-geschriften">geschriften</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahai-leringen" title="Bahai-leringen">leringen</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bahai-wetten" title="Bahai-wetten">wetten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gebed_in_het_bahai-geloof" title="Gebed in het bahai-geloof">gebed</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bahai-tempel" title="Bahai-tempel">tempel</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bahai-kalender" title="Bahai-kalender">kalender</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahai-pelgrimsreis" title="Bahai-pelgrimsreis">pelgrimsreis</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bahai-symbolen" title="Bahai-symbolen">symbolen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Profetie%C3%ABn_in_het_bahai-geloof" title="Profetieën in het bahai-geloof">profetieën</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bahai-kosmologie" title="Bahai-kosmologie">kosmologie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Baha%C3%AFsme" title="Categorie:Bahaïsme">Index van bahai-artikelen</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shoghí Effendí Rabbání</b> (<a href="/wiki/1_maart" title="1 maart">1 maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a> – <a href="/wiki/4_november" title="4 november">4 november</a> <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>), beter bekend als Shoghi Effendi, was de behoeder van het <a href="/wiki/Bahai" title="Bahai">bahai-geloof</a> van 1921 tot zijn dood. Na het overlijden van <a href="/wiki/%27Abdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="&#39;Abdu&#39;l-Bahá">'Abdu'l-Bahá</a> in 1921, begon het leiderschap van de bahai-gemeenschap aan een nieuwe fase, groeiend van het leiderschap van één individu naar een <a href="/wiki/Bahai-bestuur" title="Bahai-bestuur">Bahai-bestuurssstelsel</a> gefundeerd op de “twee pilaren” van het behoederschap en het <a href="/wiki/Universeel_Huis_van_Gerechtigheid" title="Universeel Huis van Gerechtigheid">Universele Huis van Gerechtigheid</a>. Effendi studeerde aan de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Oxford" title="Universiteit van Oxford">Universiteit van Oxford</a>. </p><p>Shoghi Effendi wordt niet gezien als een van de centrale figuren van het bahai-geloof, waaronder de <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">Báb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Bahá&#39;u&#39;lláh">Bahá'u'lláh</a> en <a href="/wiki/%27Abdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="&#39;Abdu&#39;l-Bahá">'Abdu'l-Bahá</a> behoren. Terwijl de werken van de drie centrale figuren de bron van het bahai-geloof zijn, zijn Shoghi Effendi's geschriften commentaren op de werken van de centrale figuren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bibliografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2021"><cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bahai-referentiebibliotheek.nl/shoghi-effendi/#toggle-id-1">De Beschikking van Bahá'u'lláh</a></i></cite>. Stichting Bahá'í Literatuur, Den Haag&#32;(2021).</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1985"><cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160122035434/http://www.bahai.be/cnl/boeken/shoghieffendi/Oproep-volkeren-wereld.pdf">Oproep aan de volkeren der wereld</a></i></cite>. Stichting Bahá'í Literatuur, Den Haag&#32;(1985).&#32;<span class="&#73;SBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90-70765-23-3" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90-70765-23-3">ISBN 90-70765-23-3</a></span>.&#32;Gearchiveerd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2016-01-22">22 januari 2016</span>.&#32;Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2016-01-22">22 januari 2016</span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2009_164"><cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/shoghieffendi_dear_coworker">Dear Co-worker - Boodschappen van Shoghi Effendi aan de landen van de Benelux</a></i></cite>. Stichting Bahá'í Literatuur, Den Haag&#32;(2009),&#32;pp. 164.&#32;<span class="&#73;SBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789057210006" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789057210006">ISBN 9789057210006</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFEffendi,_Shoghi1983"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> Effendi, Shoghi</a></span>&#32;(1983 [1944]).&#32;<cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222174202/http://www.bahai.be/cnl/index.php/literatuur/boeken">God Schrijdt Voorbij</a></i></cite>. Stichting Bahá'í Literatuur, Den Haag, Nederland.&#32;Gearchiveerd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2015-12-22">22 december 2015</span>.&#32;Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2018-11-04">4 november 2018</span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1938"><cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/ADJ/">The Advent of Divine Justice</a></i></cite>. Bahá'í Publishing Trust, Wilmette, Illinois, USA&#32;(1938).&#32;<span class="&#73;SBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-87743-195-7" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-87743-195-7">ISBN 0-87743-195-7</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1974"><cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/BA/">Bahá'í Administration</a></i></cite>. Bahá'í Publishing Trust, Wilmette, Illinois, USA&#32;(1974).&#32;<span class="&#73;SBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-87743-166-3" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-87743-166-3">ISBN 0-87743-166-3</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1980"><cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/CF/">Citadel of Faith: Messages to America, 1947-1957</a></i></cite>. Bahá'í Publishing Trust, Wilmette, Illinois, USA&#32;(1980).&#32;<span class="&#73;SBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-87743-145-0" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-87743-145-0">ISBN 0-87743-145-0</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1970"><cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/DND/">Dawn of a New Day</a></i></cite>. Bahá'í Publishing Trust, India&#32;(1970).</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1973"><cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/DG/">Directives from the Guardian</a></i></cite>. Hawaii Bahá'í Publishing Trust&#32;(1973).</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1982"><cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/LDG1/">The Light of Divine Guidance (Volume 1)</a></i></cite>. Bahá’í Publishing Trust, Germany&#32;(1982).</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1982"><cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/LDG2/">The Light of Divine Guidance (Volume 2)</a></i></cite>. Bahá’í Publishing Trust, Germany&#32;(1982).&#32;<span class="&#73;SBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/3-87037-159-5" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/3-87037-159-5">ISBN 3-87037-159-5</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1971"><cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/MBW/">Messages to the Bahá'í World, 1950-1957</a></i></cite>. Bahá'í Publishing Trust, Wilmette, Illinois, USA&#32;(1971).&#32;<span class="&#73;SBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-87743-036-5" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-87743-036-5">ISBN 0-87743-036-5</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1976"><cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/compilation_principles_bahai_administration">Principles of Bahá'í Administration</a></i></cite>, 4th ed.. Bahá'í Publishing Trust, London, UK&#32;(1976).&#32;<span class="&#73;SBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-900125-13-6" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-900125-13-6">ISBN 0-900125-13-6</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1996"><cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/PDC/">Promised Day is Come</a></i></cite>. Bahá'í Publishing Trust, Wilmette, Illinois, USA&#32;(1996).&#32;<span class="&#73;SBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-87743-244-9" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-87743-244-9">ISBN 0-87743-244-9</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1938"><cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/WOB/index.html">The World Order of Bahá’u’lláh</a></i></cite>. Bahá'í Publishing Trust, Wilmette, Illinois, USA&#32;(1938).&#32;<span class="&#73;SBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-87743-231-7" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-87743-231-7">ISBN 0-87743-231-7</a></span>.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnen">Bronnen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bronnen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bronnen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFGiachery1973"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Giachery, Ugo</span>&#32;(1973).&#32;<cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shoghieffendirec0000giac">Shoghi Effendi - Reflections</a></i></cite>. George Ronald, Oxford, UK.&#32;<span class="&#73;SBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-85398-050-0" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-85398-050-0">ISBN 0-85398-050-0</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFKhadem1999"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Khadem, Riaz</span>&#32;(1999).&#32;<cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shoghieffendiino0000khad">Shoghi Effendi in Oxford</a></i></cite>. George Ronald, Oxford, UK.&#32;<span class="&#73;SBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-85398-423-9" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-85398-423-9">ISBN 0-85398-423-9</a></span>.</span></li> <li>McLean, Jack (2012). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/mclean_celestial_burning">A Celestial Burning: A Selective Study of the Writings of Shoghi Effendi</a></i>. Baha’i Publishing Trust, India.</li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1969"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Rabbani, Ruhiyyih</span>&#32;(1969).&#32;<cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/khanum_priceless_pearl">The Priceless Pearl</a></i></cite>, Hardcover. Bahá'í Publishing Trust: 2000, London, UK.&#32;<span class="&#73;SBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/1-870989-91-0" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/1-870989-91-0">ISBN 1-870989-91-0</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFSmith1999"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Smith, P.</span>&#32;(1999).&#32;<cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pYfrAQAAQBAJ">A Concise Encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith</a></i></cite>. Oneworld Publications, Oxford, UK.&#32;<span class="&#73;SBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/1-85168-184-1" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/1-85168-184-1">ISBN 1-85168-184-1</a></span>.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bahai-referentiebibliotheek.nl/shoghi-effendi">Geschriften van Shoghi Effendi in het Nederlands</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/shoghi-effendi">Geschriften van Shoghi Effendi in het Engels</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bahai-library.com/danesh_life_shoghi_effendi">Biografie van Shoghi Effendi</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theutteranceproject.com/the-guardian/?fbclid=IwAR3es73lKe41hvCOx6oUWNtR9ziBwMMHJnytpVM0th0xCJGBPxEK0t-KvUg">The Guardian: An illustrated chronology of the life of Shoghi Effendi</a> - the Utterance Project</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bahai.org.uk/guardian-s-resting-place">Rustplaats van Shoghi Effendi in Londen</a></li></ul> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shoghi_Effendi#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shoghi Effendi">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shoghi_Effendi#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shoghi Effendi">Shoghi Effendi</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Bahai-geloof"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie bahá&#39;í"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD&amp;action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Bahai-geloof" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Bahai" title="Bahai">Bahai-geloof</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>Centrale figuren:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">de Báb</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Bahá&#39;u&#39;lláh">Bahá'u'lláh</a> · <a href="/wiki/%27Abdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="&#39;Abdu&#39;l-Bahá">Abdu'l-Bahá</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Teksten:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-Aqdas" title="Kitáb-i-Aqdas">Kitáb-i-Aqdas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-%C3%8Dq%C3%A1n" title="Kitáb-i-Íqán">Kitáb-i-Íqán</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verborgen_Woorden" title="Verborgen Woorden">Verborgen Woorden</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zeven_Valleien" title="Zeven Valleien">Zeven Valleien</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Instituten:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Bahai-bestuur" title="Bahai-bestuur">Bestuur</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Behoederschap</a> · <a href="/wiki/Universeel_Huis_van_Gerechtigheid" title="Universeel Huis van Gerechtigheid">Universeel Huis van Gerechtigheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geestelijke_Raad" title="Geestelijke Raad">Geestelijke Raden</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Geschiedenis:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_het_bahai" title="Geschiedenis van het bahai">geschiedenis van het bahai</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahai-tijdlijn" title="Bahai-tijdlijn">bahai-tijdlijn</a> · <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bisme" title="Bábisme">bábisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahai-geloof_in_Nederland" title="Bahai-geloof in Nederland">bahai-geloof in Nederland</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Bekende individuen:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shoghi Effendi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Amatu%27l-Bah%C3%A1_R%C3%BAh%C3%ADyyih_Khanum" title="Amatu&#39;l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khanum">Rúhíyyih Khanum</a> · <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1hirih" title="Táhirih">Táhirih</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bad%C3%AD%27" title="Badí&#39;">Badí'</a> · <a href="/wiki/Apostelen_van_Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Apostelen van Bahá&#39;u&#39;lláh">Apostelen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Handen_van_de_Zaak" title="Handen van de Zaak">Handen van de Zaak</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Zie ook:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Bahai-geschriften" title="Bahai-geschriften">geschriften</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahai-leringen" title="Bahai-leringen">leringen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahai-wetten" title="Bahai-wetten">wetten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gebed_in_het_bahai-geloof" title="Gebed in het bahai-geloof">gebed</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahai-tempel" title="Bahai-tempel">tempels</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahai-kalender" title="Bahai-kalender">kalender</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahai-pelgrimsreis" title="Bahai-pelgrimsreis">pelgrimsreis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahai-symbolen" title="Bahai-symbolen">symbolen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Profetie%C3%ABn_in_het_bahai-geloof" title="Profetieën in het bahai-geloof">profetieën</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahai-kosmologie" title="Bahai-kosmologie">kosmologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Baha%C3%AFsme" title="Categorie:Bahaïsme">index van bahai-artikelen</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7769799cfb‐4sdzn Cached time: 20241113113431 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.240 seconds Real time usage: 0.527 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7816/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30059/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 10767/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3539/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.031/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 975720/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 243.864 1 -total 56.93% 138.826 19 Sjabloon:Citeer_boek 18.93% 46.157 1 Sjabloon:Commonscat 16.54% 40.342 1 Sjabloon:Zusterproject_box 15.62% 38.103 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie_Bahá'í 13.50% 32.916 19 Sjabloon:Sfnref 11.91% 29.051 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie 10.47% 25.528 2 Sjabloon:First_non_empty 6.64% 16.205 5 Sjabloon:En 5.06% 12.341 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie/Tabel --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nlwiki:pcache:idhash:681812-0!dateformat=default and timestamp 20241113113431 and revision id 67416364. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;oldid=67416364">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;oldid=67416364</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Bahai" title="Categorie:Bahai">Bahai</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 22 apr 2024 om 08:08.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/nl">gebruiksvoorwaarden</a> voor meer informatie.<br /> Wikipedia&#174; is een geregistreerd handelsmerk van de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, een organisatie zonder winstoogmerk.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacybeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia">Over Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Algemeen_voorbehoud">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragscode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/nl.wikipedia.org">Statistieken</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shoghi_Effendi&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobiele weergave</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-65496f48b4-8hq2m","wgBackendResponseTime":206,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.240","walltime":"0.527","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7816,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":30059,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10767,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":3539,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 243.864 1 -total"," 56.93% 138.826 19 Sjabloon:Citeer_boek"," 18.93% 46.157 1 Sjabloon:Commonscat"," 16.54% 40.342 1 Sjabloon:Zusterproject_box"," 15.62% 38.103 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie_Bahá'í"," 13.50% 32.916 19 Sjabloon:Sfnref"," 11.91% 29.051 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie"," 10.47% 25.528 2 Sjabloon:First_non_empty"," 6.64% 16.205 5 Sjabloon:En"," 5.06% 12.341 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie/Tabel"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.031","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":975720,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7769799cfb-4sdzn","timestamp":"20241113113431","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Shoghi Effendi","url":"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shoghi_Effendi","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q318441","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q318441","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bijdragers aan Wikimedia-projecten"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-11-21T14:04:51Z","dateModified":"2024-04-22T07:08:40Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/ad\/Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg","headline":"Behoeder van het bah\u00e1'\u00ed-geloof van 1921 tot 1957"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10